Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

2.1 Theoretical Background

This section focus on different studies identified with examinations both inside and outside the
country which contain fundamental data that can be improved as part of the undertaking. Reasonable
writing originates from various sources for example, articles, research journals, books, magazine,
feasibility studies and web materials. Ideas, approach, subjects and instrumentations that will be
improved with the present study will be analyzed. Furthermore, construction of outline was taken from
the past studies identified with the undertaking.

2.2 Related Literature and Studies

2.2.1 Acoustical Fibreboard

Fiberboards is often used in furniture industry. It is a composite wood that produced by

binding fibers or particle together with adhesives. Typically it is made from wood fibers but there are
studies that ….. Fiberboards has many to offer and it is used in many residential and commercial
buildings. Its application includes soundproofing, structural coverings, and low slope roofing.

Fiberboard is a type of engineered wood product that is made out of wood fibers. Types of
fiberboard (in order of increasing density) include particle board or low-density fiberboard
(LDF), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and hardboard (high-density fiberboard, HDF).
It is sometimes used as a synonym for particle board, but particle board usually refers to low-density
fiberboard. Plywood is not a type of fiberboard, as it is made of thin sheets of wood, not wood fibers
or particles. Fiberboard, particularly medium-density fiberboard, is heavily used in
the furnitureindustry. For pieces that will be visible, a veneer of wood is often glued onto fiberboard
to give it the appearance of conventional wood.
In the packaging industry, the term "fiberboard" is often used to describe a tough kraft-
based paperboard or corrugated fiberboard for boxes.[1]
"Fiberboard" is also an intermediate product, an output of a pulp mill used as input for a paper mill.

Engineered wood, also called composite wood, man-made wood, or manufactured

board, includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the
strands, particles, fibres, or veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives, or other methods of
fixation[1] to form composite materials. These products are engineered to precise design specifications
which are tested to meet national or international standards. Engineered wood products are used in a
variety of applications, from home construction to commercial buildings to industrial products.[2] The
products can be used for joists and beams that replace steel in many building projects.[3]
 Typically, engineered wood products are made from the
same hardwoods and softwoods used to manufacture lumber. Sawmill scraps and other wood waste can
be used for engineered wood composed of wood particles or fibers, but whole logs are usually used for
veneers, such as plywood, MDF or particle board. Some engineered wood products, like oriented strand
board (OSB), can use trees from the poplar family, a common but non-structural species.

Alternatively, it is also possible to manufacture similar engineered bamboo from

bamboo; and similar engineered cellulosic products from other lignin-containing materials such
as rye straw, wheat straw, rice straw, hemp stalks, kenaf stalks, or sugar cane residue, in which case
they contain no actual wood but rather vegetable fibers.

Flat pack furniture is typically made out of man-made wood due to its low
manufacturing costs and its low weight.

Medium-density fibreboard, is made by breaking down hardwood or softwood

residuals into wood fibres, combining it with wax and a resin binder, and forming panels by applying
high temperature and pressure.
Particle board – also known as particleboard, low-density fibreboard (LDF),
and chipboard – is an engineered wood product manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings,
or even sawdust, and a synthetic resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed
and extruded.[1] Oriented strand board, also known as flakeboard, waferboard, or chipboard, is
similar but uses machined wood flakes offering more strength. All of these are composite
materials[2] that belong to the spectrum of fiberboard products.
Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product made by breaking down
hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibres, often in a defibrator, combining it with wax and
a resin binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure.[1] MDF is generally
denser than plywood. It is made up of separated fibres, but can be used as a building material
similar in application to plywood. It is stronger and much denser than particle board.[2]
The name derives from the distinction in densities of fibreboard. Large-scale production of MDF
began in the 1980s, in both North America and Europe.
Particle board is cheaper, denser and more uniform than conventional wood and plywood and is
substituted for them when cost is more important than strength and appearance. However,
particleboard can be made more attractive by painting or the use of wood veneers onto surfaces that
will be visible. Though it is denser than conventional wood, it is the lightest and weakest type of
fiberboard, except for insulation board. Medium-density fibreboard and hardboard, also called high-
density fiberboard, are stronger and denser than particleboard. Different grades of particleboard
have different densities, with higher density connoting greater strength and greater resistance to
failure of screw fasteners.
A major disadvantage of particleboard is that it is very prone to expansion and discoloration due to
moisture, particularly when it is not covered with paint or another sealer. Therefore, it is rarely used
outdoors or in places where there are high levels of moisture, with the exception of some bathrooms,
kitchens and laundries, where it is commonly used as an underlayment - in its moisture resistant
variant - beneath a continuous sheet of vinyl flooring.
The advantages of using particleboard over veneer core plywood is it is more stable (unless it gets
wet), much cheaper to buy, and somewhat more convenient to use.
Hardboard, also called high-density fiberboard (HDF),[1] is a type of fiberboard, which is
an engineered wood product. [2]
It is similar to particle board and medium-density fiberboard, but is denser and much stronger and
harder because it is made out of exploded wood fibers that have been highly
compressed.[3] Consequently, the density of hardboard is 31 lbs or more per cubic foot
(500 kg/m³)[4] and is usually about 50-65 lbs per cubic foot (800–1040 kg/m³).[citation needed] It differs from
particle board in that the bonding of the wood fibers requires no additional
materials,[5] although resin is often added. Unlike particle board, it will not split or crack.[citation needed]
Hardboard has long been used in furniture, but it is also popular for use in the construction industry
and with trades as a temporary floor protector. Hardboard has become less popular over recent
years due to new environmental targets in the construction industry[6] to procure more sustainable
temporary protection materials.
Hardboard is produced in either a wet or dry process. The wet process, known as the Mason
Method,[7] leaves only one smooth side while the dry processed hardboard is smooth on both
sides. Masonite is produced using the wet process only.