‫ ﻗـﺎﻋـﺪة‬- ‫اﻟﺘﻔــﺎﻋـﻼت ﺣﻤـﺾ‬

Les réactions acido-basiques

( ‫ اﻟﺪﻻﺣﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ) اﻟﺴﻨـﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻋﻠـﻮم ﺗﺠـﺮﻳﺒـﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻷﺳﺘــﺎذ‬

Nicolaus Huhannes Bronsed

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 ‫ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺾ‬/‫ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ ﻗـﺎﻋﺪة‬
CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO-(aq) + H+ (aq) CH3COOH(aq)/CH3COO-(aq)
NH4+(aq) NH3(aq) + H+ (aq) NH4+/NH3

……………………………....……...…………. H2S/HS-

……………………………....……...…………. NH4+/NH3

……………………………....……...…………. CO2,H2O/HCO3-

……………………………....……...…………. HNO2/NO2-

……………………………....……...…………. C6H5COOH(aq)/ C6H5COO-(aq)

……………………………....……...…………. H2SO4/HSO4-

……………………………....……...…………. NH4+/NH3

……………………………....……...…………. SO2,H2O/HSO3-

……………………………....……...…………. NH4+/NH3

……………………………....……...…………. CH3NH3+/CH3NH2

……………………………....……...…………. HF/F-

………………………………………………………
………………………………………………….….

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 : ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻔـﺎﻋﻞ ﺣﻤﺾ – ﻗـﺎﻋﺪة‬.II

HA1 A1- + H+
A2- + H+ HA2
HA1 + A2- A1- + HA2

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www.chimiephysique.net 3 DELAHI Mohamed

 ‫‪ .III‬ﺗﻔـﺎﻋﻞ ﺣﻤﺾ – ﻗـﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .IV‬اﻟﻜﻮاﺷﻒ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺗﺟـرﺑﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻀـﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻼث ﻛـﺆوس ‪ 3 ,2 ,1‬ﻗﻄـﺮات ﻣﻦ أزرق اﻟﺒﺮوﻣـﻮﺗﻴﻤﻮل و ﻧﻈﻴﻒ إﻟﻴـﻬﺎ ﻣـﺎء ﻣﻘـﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺄس ‪ 2‬ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻮرﻳﺪرﻳﻚ‪ ,‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺄس ‪ 3‬ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺼﻮدﻳﻮم‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﺎت‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ اﻟﻠﻮﻧﻴﻦ اﻷﺻﻔﺮ و اﻷزرق‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬و‪3‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺄس ‪ 1‬ﻟﻮﻧﺎ أﺧﻀﺮا ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺄﺧـﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺄﺳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺣﻤﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﺤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻗﺎﻋﺪي‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل‬
‫‪pH < 7‬‬ ‫‪pH = 7‬‬ ‫‪pH > 7‬‬
‫أﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫أﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫أزرق‬ ‫ﻟﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل أزرق‬
‫‪Jaune‬‬ ‫‪Vert‬‬ ‫‪Bleu‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﻣـﻮﺗﻴﻤﻮل ‪B.B.T‬‬

‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘـﺎج‪:‬‬
‫و ﺗﺘﻤـﻴﺰ ﺑﻠـﻮن أزرق‬ ‫اﻷﻳﻮﻧـﺎت ‪In ‬‬ ‫و ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻠـﻮن أﺻﻔـﺮ و‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﺎت ‪HIn‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘـﻮي أزرق اﻟﺒﺮوﻣﻮﺗﻴﻤـﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻋـﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺋﻴﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻟـﻮﻧﻪ أﺧﻀﺮا‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻳﻮﻧـﺎت اﻷوﻛﺴـﻮﻧﻴﻮم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ أﻳـﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫) ‪( H 3 O   Cl ‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜـﺄس ‪ : 2‬ﻳﺤﺘـﻮي ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻜﻠـﻮرﻳﺪرﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺄﺧـﺬ اﻟﻤﺤﻠـﻮل ﻟﻮﻧـﺎ أﺻﻔـﺮا‪:‬‬ ‫‪HIn‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋـﻨﻪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨـﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﻣﻮﺗﻴﻤﻮل ‪In ‬‬ ‫أزرق‬
‫‪In   H 3 O   HIn  H 2 O‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌـﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻳﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟﻬـﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺟـﺰﻳﺌـﺎت‬ ‫) ‪( Na   HO ‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜـﺄس ‪ : 3‬ﻳﺤﺘـﻮي ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺼـﻮدﻳﻮم‬
‫ﻓﻴﺄﺧـﺬ اﻟﻤﺤﻠـﻮل ﻟﻮﻧـﺎ أزرﻗـﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪In ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋـﻨﻪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨـﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﻣﻮﺗﻴﻤﻮل ‪HIn‬‬ ‫أزرق‬
‫‪HIn  HO   In   H 2 O‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌـﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻞ‪:‬‬

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