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Conic Section
Unit 1.2
1 2
Generators
Upper
Nappe
Vertex
Lower
Nappe
3 4
Non-Degenerate Conics
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1
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Eccentricity
y
Q2 4
P2
3
Q1 P1
2 The constant ratio is called the eccentricity
1 of the conic, denoted by e.
-2 -1
F
1 2 3 4 5
x
6
-1
0 e 1 ellipse
PF P2 F
e 1
-2 1
-3
e parabola
PQ
1 1 P2Q2 e 1 hyperbola
-4
-5
d 7 8
3 3
2 2
1
Vertex 1
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
Principal Axis -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
Principal Axis
-1
F -1
F
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
d -5
9
d -5
10
11 12
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Parabola 5
y
4
Q p, y P x, y
3
1
A parabola is the set of all points on the plane
F p,0
which are equidistant from a fixed point and -2 -1
-1
1 2 3 4 5 6
x
a fixed line. -2
-3
PF PQ
-4
-5
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P x, y Q p, y F p,0 Equation: y 2 4 px
PF PQ Graph: Parabola
i. focus at p,0
x p y 0 x p y y
2 2 2 2
ii. directrix is x p
x p y2 x p
2 2
iii. opens to the right if p 0
x 2 xp p y x 2 xp p
2 2 2 2 2
opens to the left if p 0
y 4 xp
2 iv. principal axis is y 0
y 2 4 px v. vertex at 0,0
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Latus Rectum
Equation: x 4 py 2
Graph: Parabola
i. focus at 0, p
The line segment joining two points on a
ii. directrix is y p
parabola which passes through the focus of
iii. opens upward if p 0
the parabola and perpendicular to its
opens downward if p 0
principal axis is called the latus rectum.
iv. principal axis is x 0
v. vertex at 0,0
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Length of the Latus Rectum
y
4
3
The length of the latus rectum of a parabola
2 given by y 2 4 px or x 2 4 py is 4 p .
1
Latus Rectum
5
y
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
Principal Axis 4
-1
F x 3
1
-2
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-3 -1
x
-2
-4
d -5
-3
-4
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-5
Examples
1. x 2 8 y
x 2 4 2 y p 2
For each of the given equation, find the
Graph: parabola opening downward
i. vertex
i. vertex at 0,0
ii. focus
iii. directrix ii. focus at 0, 2
iv. principal axis iii. directrix is y 2
v. endpoints of the latus rectum iv. principal axis is x 0
then sketch the graph of the equation. v. endpoints of the latus rectum are
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4, 2 and 4, 2 . 22
iii. directrix is x 3
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
x
-1
-3
v. endpoints of the latus rectum are
3,6 and 3, 6
-4
-5
x0
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y
8 Examples
7
5
properties.
focus: 3,0 4
d : x 3 2
1. with focus at 0, 4 and directrix the line given by y 4.
1
PA: y 0
y0 F 3,0
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1 x
2. with vertex at the origin, the x-axis as its principal axis and
-2
passing through the point 2, 4 .
EP of the LR: -3
-4
3,6 , 3, 6 -5
-6
3, 6
x 3 -7
-8
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A parabola with vertex at h, k has standard equation For each of the given equation, find the
i. vertex
y k 4 p x h if principal axis is horizontal
2
ii. focus
opens to the right/left iii. directrix
iv. principal axis
x h 4 p y k if principal axis is vertical v. endpoints of the latus rectum
2
y 3 12 x 1
2
1.
y 3 4 3 x 1 p3
2
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x 4 4 2 y 3 p 2
2
2. x 8 x 8 y 40 0
2
iii. directrix is y 1
x 4 8 y 3
2
iv. principal axis is x 4
x 4 4 2 y 3
2
v. endpoints of latus rectum are
8, 5 and 0, 5
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Examples
Find an equation of a parabola having the given
properties.
1. Determine the standard equation of the parabola with
vertex at 2, 1 , the graph passing through the point 4,3 ,
and the principal axis is parallel to the x-axis.
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End of Slides
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