WORD FORMATION

[A] : Formation of simple adjectives

Noun + suffix Adjectives

-ful Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful…
-less Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless…
-ly Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly,
yearly,friendly…
-like Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike…
-y Healthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny,
sandy…
-ish Childish, boyish, girlish, mannish, selfish…
-al Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical…
-ous Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous…
-ic Artistic, electric, electronic, alcoholic, economic…
-able Respectable, knowledgeable, reasonable…

[B] : Formation of simple nouns

Formula Nouns
Verb+ER/ OR / Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant…
ANT
Verb + ION / TION Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision…
Verb + MENT / AL Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval….
Verb + ING Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building…
Adj + NESS Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, ilness….
Adj + TY Safety, loyalty, cruelty, variety, ability, honesty….
Adj + TH Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength…
Adj + DOM Freedom, wisdom, boredom…
Noun + IST / IAN Guitarist, novelist, violinist, musician, physician, historian…
Noun + ISM Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism…
Noun + SHIP Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship…
Noun + HOOD Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood…

[C]: Formation of verbs

Formula Verbs
DIS + verb Dislike, disagree,discharge, disinvest, dislocate…
Mis + verb Misunderstand, misread, mislead…
Out + verb Outrun, outnumber, outweigh, outlive…
Over + verb Overact, overpay, overheat, overturn, overchange…
Re + verb Rewrite, reread, retell, recall…
Under + verb Undercharge, underdevelop, underdo, underline, undersign…
Adj + EN Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, foften…
EN + Adj / Noun enrich, enable, enlarge, encourage, endanger…
Noun / Adj + ISE / Sympathise, economise, socialize, memorize, industrialize…
IZE
EXERCISE : Fill in the blanks with correct form of the word provided.
1. Film makers always try to show viewers the different life styles and interesting ______________
aspects of many countries in the world. (culture)
2. Women nowadays have more ___________________ to participate in social activities. (Free)
3. “Hoang Le Nhat Thong Chi” is a __________________ novel. (history).
4. He has a _________________ for English novels. (prefer)
5. SAI GON GIAI PHONG is published seven days a week. It is a ______________ newspaper.
(day)
6. If you burn the garbage, it will give off _____________________ odour. (poison)
7. Some children have to suffer from life time _______________________ (abnormal)
8. He is ______________-___ active in spite of his old age. (wonder)
9. The company is very efficient and gives a __________________ service. (speed)
10. When did _________________ come to the village ? (electric)
11. She has a very busy ____________________ life. (society)
12. The plane arrived ___________________ after a violent storm. (safe)
13. Their study is getting on ______________________ (satisfy)
14. This company offered a lot of _____________________ jobs. (attract)
15. These snakes will not cause you any serious harm even if they bite you.
They are _______________ (harm)
16. He was ____________________ right when he said that the man was guilty. (reason)
17. She looks _____________________ beautiful. (surpise)
18. They were __________________ when they read the result. (disappoint)
19. He has no ____________________ of leaving the city. (intend)
20. I feel _____________________ in this book. (interest)
21. John’s _______________________ improved at his new school. (behave)
22. I’ll give you further _____________________________ (explain)
23. This is a _________________________ of a previous talk. (repeat)
24. Much _______________________ work requires a good knowledge of mathematics. (science)
25. Movies have ___________________________ dress fashions. (broad)
26. Our grandmother didn’t work outside the home when she was young.
She only did her ________________ task. (tradition)
27. His _____________________ to retire surprised us all. (decide)
28. You should be ______________________ to tell them exactly what you think. (decide)
29. Many people find it ________________________ to advertise. (waste)
30. The guests were __________________________ welcomed. (cordial)
31. He looks thin, but _____________________ he is very healthy, (actual)
32. This man led a _______________________ happy life. (complete)
33. He did some old jobs at home ________________________ (disappoint)
34. The new job _____________________ him. (disappoint)
35. Nitric oxide is ___________________ harmful.
It acts as a poison, which may cause death or injury if taken into the body. (high)
36. He was ___________________ in his job. (succeed)
37. The house was ____________________ with people. (crowd)
38. He is unhappy because of his ____________________ (deaf)
39. The government wants to _____________________ this training centre. (military)
40. We found out the ________________________ about him. (true)
41. I am ______________________ grateful to you for your help. (true)
42. I don’t think the food is very good, but it is _______________________ (tolerate)
43. They’ve got a ______________________ result. (satisfy)
44. Carbon dioxide occurs in the air in ______________________ form. (nature)
45. Children are ___________________ to overcome problems. (determine)
46. They got the ____________________ of being successful in life. (satisfy)
47. He is young man with great _____________________________ (expect)
48. I like your new ______________________ machine. (calculate)
49. May I borrow your _______________________ ? (calculate)
50. The industrial ______________________ will lead to the country’s prosperity. (develop)
51. We must make ________________________ for our old age saving money. (provide)
52. I’m ______________________ sorry for the delay. (extreme)
53. It’s ___________________ kind of you. (awful)
54. The doctor told me to ________________________ in slowly. (breath)
55. It is often useful make a ____________________ between two things. (compare)
56. She has been worn down by ______________________ and illness. (poor)
57. Our pupils are raising money for the _________________________ (poor)
58. This is the greatest scientific ____________________ of the decade. (achieve)
59. Mary was ________________________ with long and difficult exercises. (bore)
60. I enjoy the football match. It was quite ___________________________ (excite)
61. He has great ___________________________ in God. (believe)
62. There are many (celebrate) __________________ throughout the year.
63. Many chemicals have a (disaster) __________________ effect on the environment.
64. If we go on littering, the environment will become (serious) __________________ polluted.
65. That’s his (mystery) __________________ story.
66. They have just (introduce) __________________ a new style of jeans in the USA.
67. He was very __________________ of the work he had done. (pride)
68. Thank you for a very __________________ evening. (enjoy)
69. Their __________________ has lasted a lifetime. (friend)
70. He cycled __________________ and had an accident. (care)
71. She has one of the biggest __________________ in Britain. (collect)
72. My new car is more __________________ than the one I had before. (economy)
73. He didn't feel happy because he worked __________________ (success)
74. My colleagues are very pleasant, but the manager is a little__________________ (friend)
75. We must make a __________________ about where to go. (decide)
76. Lucy got __________________ quickly and went for work. (dress)
77. We all looked __________________ after the summer holiday. (health)
78. The children are more __________________ in cartoons. (interest)
79. __________________, the weather was so bad that we couldn’t go out. (fortune)
80. I hope there won’t be too much __________________ in getting a work permit. (difficult)
81. That __________________ has composed a lot of beautiful songs. (music)
82. _______________ is a very attractive job nowadays. ( advertise)
83. I watch the news every day in order to get _____________. (inform)
84. This painting comes from his favorite _____________. (collect)
85. What are your ____________ English songs? (favor)
86. The boy is looking forward to ______________ to the beach. (go)
87. She _____________ angrily at me when I broke the vase. (look)
88. The boy ______________ at by his friends yesterday. (laugh)
89. If the weather _____________ fine tomorrow, we will go for a walk in the park. (be)
90. The Internet is a very useful means of _____________. (communicate)
91. There is an _____________ documentary on Channel 4 tonight. (interest)
92. Are you _____________ in collecting stamp? (interest)
93. The painting comes from my favorite _____________. (collect)
94. I’m extremely well-____________ for the job. ( qualify)
95. Fax machine were a wonderful _____________ at the time. (invent)
96. Fashion _____________ have done a lot to modernize the traditional Ao Dai. (design)
97. What are your ____________ English songs? (favor)
98. You’d better put an _____________ in local paper to sell your house. (advertise)
99. The next stage in the _____________ of television is interactive TV. ( develop)