What is a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)?

Satellites hosting atomic clocks orbit the Earth at an altitude of 20 000 km and
transmit an extremely precise time signal (10-9 s).

Receivers host a chip that contains the exact orbits of the satellites and
capture the time signal of at least three satellites.

By dividing the time the signal takes to travel from the satellites to the receiver
by the speed of light, the terminal calculates its position using basic
trigonometry.
How it works
 Galileo vs. GPS

Galileo GPS
30 satellites:
- 25 at an orbit of 20 00 km (1 rev./ 114h)
Satellites - 5 geostationary satellites at 36 000 km to 24 satellites at 20 000 km (1 rev. / 12h)
detect malfunctions

Coverage Global Weak at high latitudes

Precision 3 to 4 m 5 to 10 m

Coût Just over 3 billion € 7,5 billion $ (to evolve to GPS III)

Owner EU (civilian US DoD

- High and constant precision.

- Integrity - Multi-function satellites capable of
Benefits
- Excellent coverage detecting nuclear explosions
- Project based on international cooperation
- Spoofing by the military
Drawbacks None yet (project phase)
- Precision that is too variable.
 Galileo

The fully deployed Galileo system will consist of 30

satellites and the associated ground infrastructure. Each
satellite will transmit 10 navigation signals, 6 of which will
be freely available. Galileo will offer the following 5
distinct services:

Open Service (OS) Free-to-Air, Mass Market, Real-time

Positioning, Navigation and Timing

Safety of Life (SoL) Free-to-air, Integrity,

Authentication of Signal

Public Regulated Service (PRS) Encrypted (government

keys), Integrity, Continuous Availability

Commercial Service (CS) Encrypted (commercial keys),

High Accuracy, Guaranteed Service

Search & Rescue (SAR) Non-Navigation Service used

for the Reception and Handling of Distress Messages
 Galileo: where are we at?

In 2005, GIOVE-A was placed in orbit by a Soyuz launcher from Baikonur, and
since then, Galileo signals have been broadcast by GIOVE-A and received all
around the globe.

Now the second Galileo satellite, GIOVE-B, is being prepared for launch at the
end of April.

This second Galileo satellite will continue the validation of the critical
technologies that need to be developed in Europe for the success of the
Galileo program. Furthermore GIOVE-B will test the most accurate atomic
clock ever flown in space, which will contribute to the quality of the Galileo
system performance.
 GPS (Global Positioning System)

24 satellites since 1978.

1 of the 2 signals open to civilian use since 1993.

GPS III in the making.

40 billion $ of profit in 2005.

 EGNOS

EGNOS : European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

is made up of a network of more than forty elements all over Europe that
collect, record, correct and improve data from the US Global Positioning
System (GPS). The modified signals are then relayed via geostationary
satellites to user's terminals, offering a positional accuracy of better than two
metres, compared with 15 to 20 metres for GPS alone. In addition, EGNOS
gives a guarantee of quality for these signals that GPS does not provide.
 Galileo + GPS

Average precision on 95% of positions

GPS GPS + EGNOS GPS + EGNOS + GALILEO

Interoperable
Compatible
Work with a single device
PND (Personal navigation Device)
 Tracking

GPS signal

Telematics platform

On
On--board INTERNET
terminals Position & technical data (GPRS)

! User PCs Maps, alerts & reports

Alerts
SMS
e-mail INTERNET
Health & Safety
Strengths & Weaknesses
A-GPS