A DICTIONARY OF MODERN WRITTEN ARABIO

HANS WEHR

A DICTIONARY
OF
MODERN WRITTEN ARABIC
EDITED
BY
J MILTON COWAN

THIRD EDITION

Spoken Language Services, Inc.

r

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Wehr, Hans (Date)

A dictionary of modern written Arabic.

"An enlarged and improved version of 'Arabisches Wörter-

buch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart' and includes the Con-
tents of the 'Supplement zum Arabischen Wörterbuch für die
"
Schriftsprache der Gegenwart.'
1. Arabic language-Dictionaries— English.
I. Cowan, J Milton. II. Title.
[PJ6640.W43 1976] 492'.7'321 75-24236
ISBN 0-87950-001-8
© Otto Harrauowltz, Wiesbaden 1961, 1066, 1971
© Spoken Language Services, Inc. 1976

Spoken Language Services, Inc.

P.O. Box 783
Ithaca, New York 148S0
 Preface

Shortly after the publication of Professor Hans Wehr's

Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart
in 1952, the Committee on Language Programs of the Ameri-
can Council of Learned Societies recognized its excellence
and began to explore means of providing an up-to-date Eng-
lish edition. Professor Wehr and I readily reached agreement

on a plan to translate, edit, and enlarge the dictionary. This

task was considerably lightened and hastened by generous
financial support from the American Council of Learned So-
cieties, the Arabian American Oil Company, and Cornell
University.
This dictionary will be welcome not only to English and
American users, but to orientalists throughout the world who

are more at home with English than with German. It is more

accurate and much more comprehensive than the original
version, which was produced under extremely unfavorable
conditions in Germany during the late war years and the early
postwar period.

lthaca, New York J Milton Cowan

November 1960

Preface to The Pocket-Book Edition

In Order to meet the enormous increase of interest in Arabic
brought about by political, economic and social develop-
ments of the past decade, we have now published our 3rd
Revised Edition of A Dictionary of Modern W ritten Arabic in
this handy, comprehensive and unabridged version.

Münster Hans Wehr

lthaca, New York J Milton Cowan
February 1976
 Introduction

Thiß diotionary presents the vocabulary and phraseology of modern mitten Arabic. It is
based an the form of the language wbich, throughout the Arab world from Iraq to Moroooo, is
found in the proee of books, newapapers, periodicals, and letters. This form is also empioyed in
formal public address, over radio and television, and in religious ceremonial, The diotionary will
be most usefuJ to those working with writinga that have appeared aince the turn of the Century.
The morphology and syntax of written Arabio are esaentially the same in all Arab ooun-
triea. Vocabulary differences are limited mainly to the domain of apecialized vocabulary. Thua
the written language contmnea, as it haa done throughout centuriea of the paat, to ensure the
linguistio unity of the Arab world. It provides a medium of oommunicatkm over the vaat
geographica! area whoee numeroua and widely diverser local dialecta it tranaoends. Indeed,

it gives the Arab people of many countriea a Bense of identity and an awarenesa of their common
culturaJ heritage.
Two powerful and conflioiing forces have affected the development of the modern Arabio
lexicon. A reform movement originating toward the end of the last Century in Syria and
Lebanon haa reawakened and popularized the old conviotion of educated Arabs that the
ancient 'arabiya of pre-Islamio times, which became the classical form of the language kl the
early centuries of Islam, is better and more correct than any later form. Proponenta of this
puristic doctrine have held that new vocabulary muat be derived exoluaively in accordance
with ancient modela or by aemant» extension of older forma. They have insiBted on the
replacement of all foreign loanwords with purely Arabio forma and expressiona. The puriata
have had conaiderable influence on the development of modern literary Arabio although
there haa been widespread protest againat their extreme point of view. At the same time
and under the inoreaaing influence of Western civüization, Arab writers and jouroalists
have had to deal with a host of new concepts and ideas previously alien to the Arab way
of life. Aa aetual usage demonstrates, the puriats have been unable to eope with the aheer
bulk of new linguiatic material whioh has had to be inoorporated into the language to
make it ourrent with advances in world knowledge. The result is Been in the tendency
of many writers, especially in the fields of Bcience and teohnology, simply to adopt foreign
words from the European languagea. Many common, everyday expressions from the various
colloquial dialects have also found their way into written expression.
From its inception, thia diotionary haa been oompiled on acientifio descriptive principlea.

It oontains only worda and expressiona which were found in context during the course of
wide reading in literature of every kind or which, on the basis of other evidence, can be shown
to be unqueationably a part of the present-day vocabulary. It ia a faithful record of the
language ae attested by usage rather than a normative presentation of what theoretically
ought to occur. Consequently, it not only liste claasical words and phrasea of elegant rhe-
torical style aide by side with new coinages that confonn to the demands of the puriata, but
it also oontains neologiama, loan tranalations, foreign loans, and colloquialiama which may not
be to the linguistio taste of many educated Arabs. But since they occur in the corpus of ma-
terials on which the diotionary ia based, they are inoluded here.
 Introduction VIII

A number of special problems oonfront the

loxicographer dealing with preaent-day Arabio.
Since for many knowledge, especially those which have developed outside the Arab
fields of

world, no generally accepted terminology has yet emerged, it is evident that a practical
dictionary can only approximate the degree of completeneas found in comparable dictionaries
of Western languages. Local terminology, especially for many public institutions, offices,
titles, and administrative has developed in the several Arab countries. Although the
affairs,

diotionary is based mainly on usage in the countries bordering on the eastern Mediterranean,
and administrative terms have been included for all Arab countries, but not with
looal official

equal thoroughness. Colloquialisms and dialect expreasions that have gained ourrenoy in
written fonn also vary from country to country. Certainly no attempt at completeneas can
be made here, and the user working with materials having a maxked regional flavor will be well
advised to refer to an appropriate dialeot diotionary or glossary. As a rule, items derived from
local dialecte or limited to looal use have been so designated with appropriate abbreviations.
A
normalized journalistio style has evolved for faotual reporting of news or discussion of
mattere of political and topical interest over the radio and in the press. Thia style, which
often betrays Western influences, is remarkably uniform throughout the Arab world. It
reaches large sections of the population daily and constitutes to them almost the only stylistio
norm. Its vocabulary is relatively small and fairly Btandardized, hence easily covered in a
dictionary.
The vocabulary of scientific and teohnological writingB, on the other hand, is by no means
standardized. The impact of Western oivilization has confronted the Arab world with the
serious linguistio problem of expressing a vast and ever-inoreasing number of new concepts
for which no words in Arabic exist. The creation of a soientifio and technological terminology
is still a major intellectual ohallenge. Reluctance to borrow wholesale from European languages
has spurred efforts to coin terms according to productive Arabic patterns. In recent decades
innumerable such words have been suggested in various periodioals and in special publications.
Relatively few of these have gained acceptance in common usage. Specialists in all fields

keep coining new terms that are either not understood by other specialists in the same field

or are rejeoted in favor of other, equally short-lived, private fabrications.

The Academy of the Arabio Language in Gairo especially, the Damascus Aoademy, and,
Academy have produoed and continue to publish vast numbers
to a lesser eztent, the Iraqi
of technical terms for almost all fields of knowledge. The aoademies have, however, greatly
underestimated the difficulties of artificial regulation of a language. The problem lies not so
much in inventing terms as it does in assuring that they gain acceptance. In some instances
neologisms have quickly become part of the stook of the language; among these, fortunately,
are a large number of the terms proposed by academies or by professional specialists. However,
in many fields, suoh as modern Unguis tics, existential philosophy, or nuclear physics, it is
still not possible for professional people from the different Arab states to discuas details of
The Bituation is further complioated by the fact that the purists
their disoipline in Arabio.

and the aoademies demand the translation into Arabio even of those Oreek and Latin tech-
nical terms which make possible international understanding among specialists. Thus while
considerable progress has been made in recent decades toward the standardization of Arabic
terminology, several technical terms which all fit one definition may still be current, or a
given scientific term may have düferent meanings for different experts.
Those teohnical terms which appear with considerable frequency in published works, or
which are familiär to specialists in various fields and are considered by them to be stand-
 XX Introduotion

ardized terminology, presented no partioular problem. Nevertheless it has not always been
possible to aBoertain the terms in general acceptance with the experta of merely one
oountry,

let all. Doubtful caseB are entered and marked with a special
alone those of Symbol. A desorip-

suoh as thi» has no poom for the ümumerable academio coinages which experi-
tive diotionary
in the
enoe has shown are by no means assured of adoption. Only those that are attested
literature have been included.
Classioisms are a further special problem. Arab authors, Bteeped in classioal tradition,
Ages. The
can and do frequently draw upon words whioh were already archaic in the Middle
use of classioal patterns is by no means limited to belles-lettres.
Arohaisms may orop up in
effect is intend-
the middle of a spirited newspaper article. Wherever an aesthetio or rhetorioal
ed, wherever the language aims more at expressiveness than at
imparting information,

authors tend to weave in ancient Arabio and olassioal idioms. They are artistio and
stylistio

passages of
devioes of the first Order. They awaken in the reader images from memorized
anoient literature and contribute to his aesthetio enjoyment. Quotations from the
Koran or
from classioal literature, whose origins and connotations may well elude the Western reader, are
readily recognized by Arabs who have had a traditional eduoation and who have memorized a
wealth of anoient souroes. In former years many by
writers strove to display their erudition

oiting lexical rarities culled from ancient diotionaries and oollections of Synonyms. As often as

not the author had to explain such nawädir in footnotes, sinoe nobody eise would understand
them. This pedantic mannerism is going out of fashion and there is a trend in more
recent

literature toward smoothness and readability in style. Nevertheless it is olear from the

foregoing that it is not possible to make a Sharp distinction between living and obsolete usage.

All archaic words found in the source material have, therefore, been inoluded in this diotionary,
even though sometimes evident that they no longer form a part of the living lexioon and
it is

aro used only by a small group of well-read literary oonnoisseurs. Suoh included
forms are

but a small sample of what the user is likely to encounter in the writings of a few
modern
authors; the impossibility of inoluding the entire anoient vocabulary is obvious. The user
who
encountere an old Arabio word whioh he does not understand will have to oonsult a lexioon
older
of the 'arablya. Finally, some modern authors will ocoasionally take great liberties with
words, so that even highly eduoated Arabs are unable to understand the sense of certain pas-
sages. Items of this kind have not been entered. They would contribute nothing to a dio-
tionary whose scope did not permit inclusion of source references.
The vocabulary of modern Arabic, then, is by no means standardized, its soope in times

diffioult to delimit.These results emerge from the very character of modern Arabio a —
written language, powerfully influenced by traditional norms, which nevertheless is required
to express a multitude of new foreign concepts, not for one oountry only, but for many
distrib-

uted over a vaat geographical area. Arabic phonology, morphology, and syntax have re-
mained relatively unohanged from earliest times, as has muoh of the vooabulary. Here tradi
tional adherence to anoient linguistio norms and to the modeis of olassioal literature, especially

the Koran, has had the effect of preserving the language intaot over the centuries. But
as vocabulary and phraseology mUBt adapt to the new and ever-changing requirements

of externa] ciroumstanoes, these are more prone to ohange. Striotly speaking, every

epoch of Arab history has had its own peculiar vocabulary, whioh should be set forth

in a separate diotionary. But as we have seen, the vocabulary of modern Arabio con-

fronts the lexicographer who aims at completeness with more than a fair Bhare of Prob-

lems and difficulties.

 Introduction

In the presentation of the entries in the dictionary, homonymous roots are given separate-
ly in only a few especially clear instances. The arrangement of word entriea under a given
root does not necessarily imply etymological relationship. Consistent
Separation of such roots
was dispensed with because the user of a praotioal dictionary of modern Arabio will
not
generally be concerned with Semitio etymology. In confonnity with the practice
customary
in bilingual diotionaries of modern European languages, where
the material is treated in
purely synchronic fashion, the origin of older loanwords and foreign terms is
not indicated.
For reoent loans, however, the source and the foreign word are usually given. Personal names
are generally omitted, but large numbers of geographical names are included; the niaba
adjectivea of these can be formed at will, hence are not entered unless some
peouliarity such
as a broken plural is involved. In transliteration, while the ending of nisba
adjectivea regu-
larly appears as -i (e.g., janübi, diräsi, mäklet), the same ending
is shown as -iy for nominal
forms of roots with a weak third radioal, i.e., where the third radical is contained
in the
ending (e.g., qasiy, sabiy, mahmly, mabniy). This distinetion, not present in Arabic Script,
may prove valuable to the user of the dictionary. Because of a distinetion which retains
importance in quantitative metrics, the third person Singular masculine Suffix is
transcribed
with a long vowel (-hü, -M) following Short syllables and with a Short vowel (-Au, -hi) after
long syllables. In any bilingual dictionary, the listing of isolated words
with one or more
isolated translationsis, striotly epeaking, an inadmissible abstraction. In
Order to provide
the syntactical Information to be expected in a dictionary of this size, a
liberal selection
of kiiomatic phrases and sentences illustrating usage has been added.
Symbols showing the
aecraative and prepositional government of verbs are also supplied.
Synonyms and trans-
lationshave been included in large numbers in Order to delineate as accurately as possible
the semantie ranges within which a given entry can be used.
The material for the dictionary was gathered in several stages. The major portion
was
collected between 1940 and 1944 with the co-operation of several German orientalists. The
entire work was set in type, but only one set of galleys survived the war. The author
resumed
the collection of material in the years 1946 through 1948 and added a considerable
number
of entries. The German edition of the dictionary, Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache
der Gegenwart, which appeared
in 19S2, was based on a corpus of appnnrimately 45,000 slips
containing oitations ftom Arabic sources. The primary source materials consisted
of selected
works by Tähä Husain, Muhammad Husain Haikai, Tauflq al-Haklm, Mahmud Taimür,
Juhrän Kalil Jubrän, and Amin ar-Raihani. Further, numerous Egyptian
al-Manfalüti,
newspapers and periodicals, the Egyptian State almanac, taqwim misr, for 1935
and its
Iraqi counterpart, datil al-'iräq, for 1937, as well as a nurober of
specialized Egyptian
handbooks wore thoroughly sifted. The secondary sources used in preparation of the German
edition were the first edition of Leon Bercher's Lexiqut arabe-francais (1938), which
provides material fron the Tunisian press in the form of a Supplement to
J. B. Belot's
Vocabulaire arabe-jrancais, G. S. Colin's Pour lire la presse arabe
(1937), the third edition of
E. A. Elias' comprehensive Modern Dictionary Arabic- English (1929), and the glossary of
the
modem Arabic chrestomathy by C. V. Ode-Vassilieva (1929). Items in the secondary sources
for which there were attestations in the primary sources were, of oourse,
included. All other
items in the secondary sources were carefully worked over, in part with the help of Dr. Tahir
Khemiri. Words known to him, or already included in older dictionaries, were incorporated.
Apart from the primary and secondary sources, the author had, of oourse, to consult a number
of reference works in European languages, encyclopedias, leiicons, glossaries,
teohnical
 XI Introduotion

and specialized literature on the most diverse subjeots in Order to ascertain the
dictionaries,

correct translation of many teohnioal terms. For older Arabio forma, the available indioes and

collections of Arabio terminology in the flelds of religion

(both Islam and Eastern Churoh),
othere were very helpful. These
jurisprudence, philosophy, Arabio grammar, botany, and
collections were, however, not simply aooepted and incorporated
en bloc into the dictionary,

but used only to sharpen the definition of terms in the

modern meanings aotually attested

in the primary source materialB.

German edition the author oontinued coUecting and presented
After publication of the
material, together with oorrections of the main work, in Supplement tum arabischen
new
Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart, which appeared in 1959.
The Supplement

contains the results of extensive oolleofcionfrom the writings of 'AbdassalSm al-'Ujaill,

Karam Malham Karam, from newspapers and periodicals of aU Arab

MikS'il Nu'aima, and
countries, as well ae from Syrian and Lebanese textbooks and apecialized literature. In the
Arabio beoame available
postwar years several lexicographioal works dealing with modern
to the author: the second edition of Beroher (1944),
the fourth edition of Elias (1947),

D. Neustadt and P. Sohusser's Arabio-Hebrew diotionary,

MiUtn Arabi'Ibri (1947), Charles
Pellat's Uarabe. vivant (1962), and C. K. Baranov's
oomprehensive Arabic-Russian diotionary,
these with
Arabsko-Buaskiy Slovar (1957). In preparing the Supplement, the author oompared
hisown work but was reluotant to inoorporate items which he could not find attested in
context, and which would merely increase the number of entries derived from secondary

sources.
they
The author is indebted to Dr. Andreas Jaoobi and Mr. Heinrich Becker who, until
in oollecting and
were caUed up for military Service in 1943, rendered valuable assistanoe
manusoript. A con-
coUating the vast materials of the German edition and in preparing the
siderable amount of material was contributed by a number of Arabists. The author wishes
Prof. Werner Caskel, Dr. Hans Kinder-
to express his gratitude for such contributions to
Riohard Sohmidt,
mann, Dr. Hedwig Klein, Dr. Kurt Munzel, Prof. Annemarie Schimmel, Dr.
and especiaUy to Prof. Wolfram von Soden, who contributed a large
amount of exoeUent
material. I am deeply gratefnl to Dr. Munzel, who contributed
many entries from news-
papers of the postwar period and likewise to his coUeague Dr.
Muhammad Saftf. I
appreciate having been able to disouas many difficult items with them. The assistanoe

He contributed 1,500 very valuable items and,

of Dr. Tahir Khemiri was especially useful.
until 1944, his advice to the author during the colleotion and sifting of material shed light
upon many dubious cases. Prof. Anton Spitaler likewise provided valuable observations and
greatly appreoiated advice. Contributions to the Supplement were supplied by Dr. Eberhard

Kuhnt, Dr. Götz Schregle, and Mr. Karl Stowasser. Moreover, in the oourse of two ™its to
writers, and pro-
a number of Arab countries, many Arab contributors, students, scholars,
fessional people too numerous to mention generously provided useful
infonnation and counsel.

Here, as in the prefaces to the German edition of the diotionary and the Supplement, the
author wishes to express his sinoere thanks to all those who have contributed to the

suocess of this undertaking.

the material oontained in the German edition of the
This English edition includes all

dictionary and in the Supplement, as well as a number of additions and oorrections the need
for wl ich became obvious only after the publication of the Supplement. Additions have been

inserted in the proof almost up to the präsent time. It was therefore possible to inolude a

number of contributions made by Dr. Walter Jesser in Alexandria. The number of cross-
 :

Introduction XII

references has been conaiderably inoreased. A new type fönt was introduced for the Arabic.
The second edition of Webster' b New International Dictionary was used as a Standard refer-
ence for spelling and for certain definitions. On the Suggestion of the editor, three changes
were made in the System of transliteration used in the German edition, namely, for
;
r ,

% for £, and g for £. Also, following hia preferenoe, proper namea were transiiterated without
oapital letters, Bince there is no capitalization in Arabic soript. The author followed a Sugges-
tion made by Prof. Charles A. Ferguson in hia review of the dictionary (Language 30 174, :

1954) to transcribe feminine endings of roots having a weak third.radical (l\-) with the pausal
form -öA instead of dt. Also following Dr. Ferguson' s advice, the author has transcribed many
more foreign words than in the German edition. The letters e, c, 9, o, ö, g, v, and p, which
have no counterpart in classioal Arabio, have been added. The system of transcription for
Arabic wordß throughout the diotionary is simply a transliteration of the Arabic script. For
foreign wordß and Arabic dialeot words, however, the usual transliteration of the Arabic is

inadequate to indicate the pronunoiation. In order to avoid diacrepancy between spelling and
pronunciation, the author, in his German edition, would oftenrefrain from giving any tran-
scription at all, but merely enter the foreign word as a rough guide to pronunciation. In the
present edition practically all foreign words have been transcribed (e.g., diblömäsi, häikoptar,
vizä, vEtö) with the help of the added letters. Arab studenta at the University of Münster were
consulted for the approzimately corract pronunoiation. Nevertheless, in many instances the
foreign source word is also entered becauae pronunoiation variea considerably from Speaker to
Speaker, depending on the dialeot and the degree of assimilation. One other deviation from
a striot transliteration of the Arabic was made for certain foreign words in order to provide
a oloser approximation to the usual pronunoiation. In writing European words with Arabic
letters, I
, j , ^ are, contrary to regulär praotice in Arabic, frequently used to indicate short
vowels. Where thiß is the case, we have transoribed accordingly (e.g., J^kPj' otomäliki,
iljU'li danmark).
Finally, the author wishes to erpreea his Bincere gratitude to the editor, Prof. J Milton
Gowan, thanks to whose initiative and energy this English edition can now be presented to
the public. Hia generoua expenditure of time and effort on this project has been greatly
appreciated by all involved. To Theodora Ronayne, who performed the exacting taak of
preparing a meticulously accurate typescript, thereby conaiderably lightening our Iabors,
we are indeed grateful. Professor Cowan joine me in recording our special thanks to Mr. Karl
Stowasser, whose quite remarkable oommand of the three languages involved and whose
unusual abilities as a lexicographer proved indispensable. He has devoted his untiring efforts
to this enterprise for the past four years, oo-ordinating the work of editor and author across
the Atlantic. The bulk of the translation was oompleted in 1967-1958, while he was in
Ithaca. During the past two years in Münster he has oompleted the incorporation of the
Supplement into the body of the dictionary and assisted the author in seeing the work through
the press.

The following paragraphs describe the arrangement of entries and explain the use of
Symbols and abbreviations
Arabio words are arranged aocording to Arabic .'oota. Foreign words are listed in straight
alphabetical order by the letters of the word (cf. ^ j\j bäris Paris, jitf kädir cadre) . Arabi-
 XIII Introduction

cized loanwords,if they olearly fit under the roots, are entered both wayB,
often with the root

entry giving a reference to the alphabetical listing (cf. jj\i qänän law, ii'jy naizak spear).
Two or more homonymous roots may be entored as separate items, inclnding foreign
words treatcd as Arabic forms (e.g., eß karim under the Arabic root '^f »nd '(.Ä' tlle

French word crime; cf. also the consonant combination k-r-k). In Order to indicate to the

reader that the same Order of letters occurs more than once and that he should not confine
his search to the first listing, each entry is precedcd by a small raised numeral (cf. jj, _,>).

Under a given root the sequencc of entries is as follows. The verb in the perfeet of the base

stein, if it exists, oomes first with the transliteration indicating the vowcling. It is followed

by the vowel of the imperfect and, in parenthesos, the verbal nouns or mafädir. Then come

the derived stems, indicated by boldface Roman immerals II through X. For Arab users

unaccustomed to this dcsignation genorally used by Western orientalists, the corresponding

stem forms are: II JjJ ja"aU, III Jeti jäula, IV J«il afala, V Jxil tafa'ala, VI J*U3
lajaala, VII Jxül infu'ala, VIII J«=il ifta'alu, IX Jjl ifalla, X J«jiJ isiafula. Whcrever

there is any irregularity, for the rare stems XI through XV, and for the derived stems
of

quadriliteral verbs the Arabic form is entered and translitcrated (cf. y£ VII, i*~j VIII, ^**- XII,

-Ulm III). Then come nominal forms arranged aecording to their length. Verbal nouns of the
stems II through and all active and passive partieiplcs follow at the end. The latter are
X
listed as separate items only when their meaning is not immediately obvious from the verb,

particularly where a substantival or adjeetival translation is possible (cf. ^rU- häjib under

^JC, J^-U sähil under J#). The sequence under a given root is not determined by historical
considorations. Thus, a verb derived from a foreign Word is plaeed at the head of the entire
2
section (cf. ül aqlama, t\j II).

Essentially synonymous definitions are separated by commas. A semicolon marks the

beginning of a definition in a different semantic ränge.

The syntaotic markings accompanying the definitions of a verb are a for the aecusative

of a person, * for the aecusative of a thing, U for the feminine of animate beings, for a
f
group of persona. It should be noted that the Arabic included in parentheses is to be read

from right to left even if separated by the word "or" (cf. ^ji, ^ij). Verb objeets in English

are expressed by s.o. (someone) and s.th. (something), the reflexive by o.s. (onesclf).

A dash oecurring within a section indicates that the following form of a plural or of a
verbal noun, or in some instances the introduction of a new voweling of the main entry.
holds for all following meanings in the section even if theso are not synonymous and are
separated by semicolons. This dash invalidates all previously given verbal nouns, imperfect

vowels, plurals, and othor data qualifying the main entry. It indicates that all following defini-

tions apply only to this Iatest sub-entry (cf. Ji^- ka\aqu, J.U 'adala).

In the transcription, which indicates the voweling of the unpointed Arabic, nouns are
given in pausal form without tanwin. Only nouns derived from vorbs with a weak third
radical are transcribed with nunnation (e.g., ^\j qädin, ^1m muqladan, Ju matan in

contrast with Sj^ 1

.
&uirä).

A raised z
following the transcription of a noun indicates that it is a diptote. This indication

is often omitted from Western geographical terms and other recent non-Arabic proper names
because the inflected ending is practically never pronounced and the marking would have
only theoretical value (cf.
^^O -' 2 Mokholm, Jj.,1
abrll).

The Symbol O precedes newly coined technical terms, chiefly in the fields of technology,

which were repeatedly found in context but whose general aeeeptance among specialista could
Introduction XIV

not be established with certainty (cf. jUlJ tüfäz television aet, ^j*- hads Intuition, j£- miharr
heating installation).
The symbol D precedes thoae dialect words for which the Arabic Bpelling suggests a
colloquial pronunciation (cf. «jLu- haddäf, 'Ja*- II).

Dialect words are marked with abbreviations in lower-case lottere (e.g., syr., leb., saud.-ar.,

eto.). These are also used to inrlicate words which were found only in the sources of a particular
area, This does not neceBsarily mean that a word or meaning is confined to that area (cf. j jjU-
järür, ^ baffia, oUJLt Silmän).
The same abbreviations, but with capital letters, mark entries as the generally accepted
technioal terms or the official designations for public officee, institutions, administrative
departments, and the like, of the country in question (cf.
_r-Lf
i
majlis, i&£ mahkama).
The abbreviation Isl. Law marks the traditional terminology of Islamic fiqh (cf. i-u-
hadat, üU li'än, <«i* mtä'a), as distinguished from the technical terms of modern juris-

prudence whioh are oharacterized by the abbreviation jur, (cf. ^Af 'amdi, ^Sj talabbus).
<J
For other abbreviated labeis see List of Abbreviations below.
Elatives of the form aj'cdu are translated througbout with the Englißh comparative
because this moat often fite the meaning. The reader should bear in mind, however, that in
oertain contexts they will best be rendered either with the positive or the Superlative.
The heavy vertical stroke | terminates the definitions under an entry. It is followed by
phrases, idioms, and sentences which illustrate the phraseologioal and syntactic use of that
entry. These did not have to be transcribed in füll because it has been necesaary to asaume
an elementary knowledge of Ärabio morphology and synbax on the part of the user, without
which it is not poasible to use a dictionary arranged according to roote. Consequently, no
tranacription is given after the vertical Btroke for:

1 the entry itself, but it is abbreviated wherever it is part of a genitive Compound (e.g.,

ß. al-ma'äli under ßähib, husn al-u. under vhdvia) ;

2 nounB whose Arabic speUing is relatively unambiguous (e.g., I-tfli, ÄpU, jUT, jU);

3 words known from elementary grammar, suoh as pronouns, negations, and prepositions
the third peraon perfect of the verb type fa'aia, occasionally also the definite article;

4 frequent nominal types, such as:

a) the verbal nouns (mafädir) of the derived atems II and VII —X:
J^" taf'U, JUÜI infi'äl, jUil ifti'äl, J^l*il if'iläl, jUisJ istif'äl;

b) the aotive and passive partioiples of the basio verb stem:

Jpli fä'U, <Lli fä'üa, and Jj*Ä» maf'ül, lijJu maf'üla;
c) the nominal types J_«i fall, *L*i fa'iia, jU/i*äJ t and J_yj fuül (also as a plural);

«JUi/TöZa and *i^yj fu'üla as well as J*il af'al;

d) the plural forma jUil af'äl, oUil af'ild*, JJUi fa'älü, Jplil ajä'il, J*U* mafä'il,

JJUi fa'ä'il, J*Ui fa'ä'il, JJUi faälil, J-*Ui ajä'il, J-*Uj tafä'il, J-*U* mafä'il,
ÜJUi fa'älila.

All other poasible vowelings are transcribed (e.g., ij'äl, fa"äl, fu'ail, fa'vl, af'vl, fä'al). Words
with weak radicals belonging in the form types listed above are also transcribed wherever
any uncertainty about the form might arise (cf.
'f
\j rägin under ^j, fjj^- C-j
1
j under c^ j za.it ,

iS*i'i\
4j>-il under JU*_* masjid).
 XV List of Abbreviations

unit. Thoy are

In transcription, two nouns forming a genitive Compound are treated as a
transoribed aa noun —
definite article —
noun, with the entry word abbreviated (of under ^-»-L. .

aähib, «_1 Sibh). In a noun Compound where the seoond noun is in apposition or attributive,

it alone is transoribed (cf. under lj\ ibra, iU- jild). In this manner the difference between
the two oonstructions is brought out clearly without resorting to transliteration of the i'räb
endings. A feminine noun ending in - a, as first member of a genitive Compound, is also abbre-

viated, and the construct ending -t is to be read even though it is not expressed in the

transcription.
that
In view of the great variety and intricacy of the material presented, it is inevitable
inconsistencies will appear and that similar examples will be treated here and therc in a dinerent
manner. For such incongruities and for certain redundancies, we must ask the user's indulgence.

Münster Hans Wehh

November 1960

List of Abbreviations

abatr.
List of Abbreviationa XVI

ei.
 1
XVII List of Abbreviationa

rel.
I a particle introducing direct and indirect jjl abad pl. jLT dbäd endless, eternal
questions; j»l— I o — am in alternative duration, eternity; l-ol abadan alwaya,
queationa; A — 1 »\jm sawä'un a — am forever; ever, (with neg.) never (in the
no matter whether — or; j\ a-wa particle future), not at all, on no account; (alone,
indicating or implying doubt: or? per- without negation) never! not at all! by
haps? tiUi j ^iiUjI (taSukku) you no means! J* and jA-OI -bl
|
-oVl Jl, -bV'
wouldn't doubt it, would you? do you abada d-dahri forever; ^-bVl -bl abada
perhaps doubt it? or do you doubt it? l-abadin and ,j<-bVI -bl Jl ilä abadi ha.
Vi a-lä and LI a-mä intemifying inter- forever and ever
j'ectiona introducing sentencea : verily,
^-bl abadi everlaating, eternal, endless
truly, indeed, oh yes, etc., IjJiJLi VI
(fa-nzurü) oh, do look! why, look! *Jl Li ^jjVl al-abadi eternity

(inndkü) why, he is ...! ijJjl abadiya infinite duration, endless

time, eternity
1
i_>T ab 2 Auguat(month; Syr., Leb., Jord.,Ir.)
JjT äbid wild, untamed
a
.->l see _^l
«OjT äbida pl. x>\j\ awabid 2 unuaual
\_>l abba u to long, yearn (ctj Jl ilä uxifanihi thing, prodigious event | Lj-dl x>)j\ a.
for one'a homeland) ad-dunyä the Wondera of the World

'l-^j! look up alphabe tically -Ojj mu'abbad eternal, endless, ever-

JLI (It. abate) abäti abbot {Chr.}

laating | jjj* ^ (sijn) life impriaonment

x
j\ abara i u (abr) to prick, sting II to pollinate
5JU ibäla, ibbäla bündle, bale
(* a palm tree)

J u see ji)
,1 »j\ ibra pl. j \ ibar needle, pin; indicator

(of an instrument); shot, injection (med.);

jjcl abjad aiphabet
sting, prick |
lj\ *LÄß~ haqanahü ibratan to
^jjjcl abjadi alphabetic(al) oLa*:l
;
give an injection; ^\J\ lj\ i. ar-rä'i
s.o.
elementary facta, simple truths lJj^J-I
| geranium (bot.); Z^-^Lk* »j\ (magnätlsiya)
iafV the lettera of the aiphabet, the magnetic needle; J^V' Jii sugl al-i.
aiphabet
needlework

-ol abada i (*ji\ ubüd) to stay, linger (^ at a j^> mi'bar needlecase; pack needle
place); — i u to roam in a state of
zjljT
äbär see Ji
wildnesa, run wild, be shy, shy away, run
away (animal, game) II to make laating *--/' abraMya and i~Zjj\ abrüSiya pl. -öl
or permanent, perpetuato, eternize (* diocese, biahopric (Chr.); parish (CAr.)
s.th.) V to be porpetuated, become
lasting or permanent; to return to a <m r±*j\ abramis, (j-x.lj-1 bream (200Z.)

State of wildness
>y I ifrriz pure gold
g-ij\ ibrisam, ibrisim silk *i\ abaha and abiha a (abk) to pay attention
(J, also <y to), heed (J, also ^ s.th.), take
jt_j\ ibriq pl. JjjLI abäriq* pitcher, jug
f
notice (J, also ^ of ) J
*l oj* V j*\ (yu*bahu)

abril April an insignificant, unimportant matter V to

Jj j
I

display proud, haughty marinere; to turn

öj\ abzan pl. üjLI abäzin* waahbowl
away, keep one's distance, remain aloof

fj\ ifaim pl. fj\j\ abäzim* bucklo, claap (^p from), look down (^ upon), think
o.s. far above (^ s.o or s.th.)

ljij\
vh4 pl. ^LT ööö^ and ^^U ma'bitf pl.
<f\ ubbaha splendor, pomp, ostentation,
jäjL ma'äbujP hollow of the knee, popliteal
pageantry; pride
space

<_J ab pl. »LTö6ä* father (also eccl.}; ancestor,

.Lil V to take or carry under one's arm (* s.th.)
forefather; £~A L yä abati my father!
to put one's arm (*, • around s.o., around
jl^Vl al-abawän the parents, father and
s.th.), hold in one's arm {*, • s.o., s.th.)
mother; \jy\ abünä reverend father, form
Jaul ibf pl. ^>1>T äbäf m. and f. armpit of address and title of a priest (Chr). \

.u- ^p LI aban 'an jaddin handcd down

jjl abaqa % (jLl ibäq) to escape, nin away
from father to son, as s.th. inherited from
( a slave from his master)
forefathers; j»-. y\ abü su'n marabou;
^1 abaq a kind of hemp °^ «-«ö«"*
r>-" y. '
p°ppy ; J>^ ' y. '

jiJ äbiq pl. JLI ubbäq runaway, escaped; abü l-havl the Sphinx; üllüJI y\ abü
a fugitive l-yaqzän rooster, oock

1 »y\ vbüwa fatherhood, patemity

Jjl ibil (coli.) cameis
jjil abawi patemal, fatherly
•ULI ibäla, ibbäla bündle, bale
ü-w_jil ebonite
>LI ibliz alluvial deposits (of the Nile)
*J_jjI (Fr. abonni) abünik pl. -ät subscription;
^j-Jj I iblUP pl. ULI abälisa devil, Satan subscription card (e.g., for public convey-

ances, a concert season, etc.)

*j. I II to celebrate, praise, eulogize (• a de-
ceased person), deliver a funeral oration ijl abä a (.LI ibä\ l.LI ibä'a) to refuse,

(• in praise of s.o.) decline; to turn down, reject, scom, dis-

dain (* s.th.); to deny (* J* s.o. s.th.)

4iil ubna passive pederasty |

«luij öl VI <jl (illä an yaf'alahü) he in-

üljl ibbän time; uLI ibbäna during,
sisted on doing it; jl Vi ^>l <jl God willed
üLl j at the time of, during
that . . . V to refuse, decline

,jol; ta'bin commemoration (of a de-

•LI ibä*, «.LI ibä'a rejection; dislike,
ceased person) |
,joÜI *U*- haflat at-t.
distaste, aversion, disdain; pride
commemorative celebration (in honor of
jl ably disdainful, scomful; proud, lofty,
a deceased person)
lofty-minded
by\* mqtbün catamite; weaküng, moLiy-
<_J äbin pl. «L I vbäh reserved, ßtandofiish
coddle, siasy"; scoundrel
unwilling, reluctant, grudging

i^wl abtb the eleventh month of the Coptic

^yljl abnüs ebony calendar
 ;i

i£;^L>l ablqüri Epicurean furnish, give, afford (<_> • to s.o. s.th.),

provide, supply (<-» * s.o. with) ; to be pro-

ÜjjÄjI abiqüriya Epicureanism
pitious, be favorable {» for s.o.), favor
r-jTl vtrujj and £j\ utrunj oitron (Citrus (* s.o.); to turn out well (# for s.o.), be in
medica; bot.) favor {• of); to suit, befit, become (» s.o.),

be appropriate (• for s.o.); to agree (• with

^JLjT (Turk. ateffi) ät&$gi fireman, stoker
s.o.; food) j
»^i $> *\S\ [hiüuSai'in) every-
jtL ma'tam pl. ft, ma'ärim.' obsequies, funeral thing was in bis favor, turaed out well
ceremony for him, came bis way IV to bring (* * s.o.

s.th.); to give (* • s.o. s.th.); to grant (* •

1
ü1jI atän pl. JiT ätun, J^l u*un, u/n female
to s.o. s.th.), bestow (* • upon s.o. s.th.) |
donkey, she-ass
• SjJl JT (zakäta) to give alms V to origi-
3
<jjjl a/ün, atiün pl. Jll vlun, J^jUI aiätln 2 nate, atem, derive, spring, arise, result

kiln, furnace, oven (je- from); to end (je- with), result (je-

in); to get (Jl to), arrive (Jl at); to be easy

»jLjI üduu pl. jjtji aJäuw duty, tax, tribute
to do, be feasible without diffioulty, be

^pujjl (Fr.) oto&fa autobus, bus attainable, go well, progress; to go about

s.th. (J) gently, cautiously X to ask to

(5-jUjjI (Fr.) otomätlki automatic come, induce to come {• s.o.)

J— yjf and J-jj*yil (Fr.) otomooij automobile JU matan pl. ol* maäiin place where
s.th. comes from place at which one arrives
;
Jl alä i (üUjI Üyön, Jl aty, «LjU matäh
access; pl. ou place of origin; origin,
to come (» or Jl to; J* over s.o.), arrive
source, provenance; place where one has
(* or Jl at); ^ Jl to bring, bring forward,
been or to which one has come; place where
produce, advance, accomplish or achieve
s.th. starts, where s.th. ends
s.th.; t-» • jl to bring, give or offer s.o.

s.th.; to do, perform {* a deed), carry out, c*\ ätin coming, next; following j
f_>~*VI

execute (* e.g., movements); to commit, jVl {usbü') the coming week, next week;
perpetrate {* a sin, a crime); to mention JVtT as follows

(J* s.th.); to finiah off (J* s.th., also s.o.); il>l_^ muäiin, muwätin favorable, pro-
to finish, complete, carry through, dispose, pitious, opportune, convenient, suitable
aettle, wind up, conclude, terminate, bring
to a close (J* a.th.); to destroy, annihilate,
ii»l atta u i a (ÜLjI atäta) to be luxuriant, grow

wipe out (J* s.th.); to eliminate,

eradicate, profusely (hair, plante) II to fix up, prepare

carry away, sweep away (J* B.th.), do

(a s.th.); to furnish (* an apartment)

away (J* with); to use up, exhauat (also

V to be or become rieh, wealthy, to prosper;

a subject), prcsent exhauatively, in great to be furnished

detail
(J* s.th.),elaborate (J* on s.th.) |
i>ljl atät furniture, furnishings (of an
Jl li" as follows; *_^T Jl (äkirihi)
Jp apartment, of a room)
to complete, finish s.th.; to spend or use
ti~uu ta'tit furnishing
up the last of s.th.; ^-jUIj ^-i»-Vl
J* Jl <i»l ait, tiuJI atil abundant, luxuriant,
to destroy everything, wreak havoc;
profusely growing (hair, plants)
Lrl^J ü- ^Oa^ J' (buyüia) to tackle
s.th. in the right way, knock on the right x
j atara u
I i (air, SjUI atära) to transmit, pass
door; Jj j* Jjj yu'tä min qibali is under- along, report, relate (* s.th., je- from, or
mined, weakened, ruined by III to offer, based on the authority of, s.o.) II to
 );

( j or J* s.o., a.th.), act

affect, influence j\ üra (prep.) immediately after, right
(j or J* upoo), produce an effect, make after

an impression, have influence ( j or J* on)

&j\ atari archeologic(al) ; archeologist
to induce (phys.) IV to prefer (J* * B.th. to),
(also ^jIjT äfäri); old, ancient, antique
|
like (* s.th.) more (J* than); to have a pre-
iSj\ (1U archeologist; hj\ <ii (luga) dead
dilection, a liking (* for), like (* H.th.), be
language
fond (* of); to choose, deem wise or ad-
visable (jl to do s.th.); to adore {*, »
j 1 atir egoistic, eelfiflh

s.o., B.th.) |
_yX\j *-ÄJ j\ (nafaahü bi-l- »j I atara Belfißhness, egoism
kair) to wißh o.s. well, hope for the best
jrul atlr favored, preferred (J^c by s.o.),
for o.s. V to be impressed, be influenced;
in favor (.u* with s.o.); select, exquisite,
to let o.s. be impressed, be impreßsible; to
noble; see also alphabetically
be moved, be touched (i_j or J by, also

£*); to be exoited, be stimulated; to be

•jül aßra remainder, remnant; faint
affeoted (<-» by, said of materials, e.g., trace, vestige

iron by acid); to be induced (phys.); to ij\* ma'tara, ma'tura pl. j\* ma'äHr*
follow in s.o.'s () tracks, follow a.o.'s exploit, feat, glorious deed
example, emulate (• s.o.); to pursue, follow
jv\j ta'tir action, effect, influence, im-
up (* a question, a problem) ; to perceive,
pression (j,
feel {* s.th.) X to claim a monopoly; to J* on); effectiveness, efßcacy;
induction (phys.)
poesess alone, with the excluaion of others,
monopolize (i_* B.th.); to appropriate (^ tfjvb ta'tiri produced by induction, in-

B.th.), take exclusive possession (l_j of); ductive, inductional, induced (phys.)

to preoccupy (* s.th.), engross (* the jlil itär preference; altmism; predilec-

attention) j * <ü>! ytu-l the Lord has taken tion; ktve, affection
hfm unto Himself
yl* ta'agur being influenced; agitation,
j I atar pl. jIjT ätär track, trace, vestige; emotion, feeling; excitability, eensitivity;
sign, mark; touch; Impression, effeot, ac-
(pl. -ät) feeling, Sensation, perception «j _-
J J
tion, influence (j on); tradition (relating
yUJl easily impressed, impresaible, sen-
the deeds and utterances of Mohammed sitive
and bis Companions); work (of art, esp.
tfjfc ta'atturi: ^ytdl ^Jl\ (madhab)
of literature); ancient monument; jüTan-
the impreBsionistic movement
tiquities ; remnants, vestiges ; ( religioua

relics |
jtf^ll 1* *üm (d-ä. archeology; öylj taatiuriya impressionism
jÜ^fl jli museum of antiquitiea; *J j\ V
jliiü-l isti'tär arrogation of a monop-
(atara) ineffective, ineffeotnal; jtrj
i
J\j
oly ; monopolization ; preaumption, pre-
(rafi) with retroaotive force O'ur.); £-*\
sumptuousness; exclusive power
,>* Xu \J\ asbaha ataran ba'da 'ainin to
be deetroyed, be wiped out, leave noth- jjjU ma'tür transmitted, handed down |

ingbutmemorybehind;,>* -W Lr' •*'*' ( a 'ö* j_jjL J_jS (qa-ul) and !jjjL it (kalima)

dahü) to destroy s.th. completely; »j\ J», proverb

tj I
j (also fi itrihi) on bis (its) track, at Mb jja mu'aüir affecting, acting upon;
heels, after bim; immediately afterwards, affective ; impressive ; moving, toucbing,
presently, thereupon; y^l J» immediately pathetic; (pl. -ät) influencing factor, in-

afterwards, presently flnence

*j$\ look up alphabetically i-j-l ajabtya horologium (Copt.-Chr.)

LjüI ulfiya pl. «JiLjI atäfin trivet, tripod (in ^»-1 ajara u (ajr) to reward, recompense,
ancient times : any one of the three stones remunerate (» s.o.) II to let for rent, let

supporting a cooking pot near the fiie) |

out, hire out, rent, lease (* s.th.) ; (with na/*
jIj Vi «JüIj that which rounds out a number, sahü) to hire o.s. out IV to let for rent, let

caps s.th., puts the lid on s.th., the crowning out, hire out, rent, lease (* s.th.) ; to rent,
touch hire, lease, hold under a lease (* s.th.),

take a lease (* on) ; to hire, engage, take

JJI atala i to consolidate, strengthen II to
on (• s.o.), engage the Services (• of s.o.)
become rieh V to be Consolidated, be
X to rent, hire, lease, hold under a lease
Btrengthened ; to become rieh
(*s.th.), take a lease (* on); to charter {*

J?l atl pl. JjjI utül (coli.; n. un. •, pl, a vessel); to hire, engage, take on (• b.o.),
ataläl) tamarisk (bot.) engage the Services { of s.o.)

JJI atil and JJj* mv'attal deep-rooted; j*- 1 ajr pl. jy- 1 ujür wages, pay,
of noble origin, highborn honorarium, recompense, emolument, re-

muneration; price, rate, fee jj-Jl jj*~\

jrl alima a (um, atam, A* ma'tam) to sin, err, |

u. as-aafar fares
slip V to eschew sin, shun evil; to restrain

o.b., hold back lj>-\ ujra hire, rent, rental; price, rate,

r\ itm pl. *\j\ ätäm fee; fiied rate, (official) charge; postage
sin, offense, misdeed, |

crime 4jj" Vr 1
postage; JiJl lj>-\ u. an-naql
transport charges, freight(age), carriage,
f U ma'tam pl. r L. ma'ätim* sin, offense,
cartage
misdeed, crime
_r>-l ajxr pl. »I_^»-I ujarä* 2 hireling;
-jü ta'fim sin, offense, misdeed, crime
workraan, laborer, day laborer; employee
s-T ätim pl. Äxl atama and Jl a^tm pl.

utamä' 1
»j*?\ ajira working woman, factory
•Lei sinful, criminai, wicked, evü;
sinner
girl, female laborer; woman employee
j*»-t ta'jir letting, leasing, hiring out,
Xc 1 tjnutZ antimony
lottingon lease ; lease |yl*Vlj j^r^l fjA*
_r*l a/ir ether (i'ära) Lend- Lease Act

Lul atinä Athens jL<l ijär pl. -ät rent; letting, leasing,

hiring out, letting on lease | jLf^U for

Lj^JI atyübiyä Ethiopia
rent, to let

J^~ji atyübi Ethiopian; (pl. -ün) an •jU-l ijära pl. -ät rent; letting, leasing,
Ethiopian «j.jJVI j^AJI Ethiopia
|
hiring out, letting on lease

^1 ajja u i (^*-\ ajij) to burn, blaze, flame jl*»£ü-l iäti'jär rent, lease, tenure
(fire) II to light, kindle, start (* a fire)
j^L ma'jür paid, salaried, on the
V = I
payroll, gainfully employed; employee;
r-U-l »l> mä* ujäj bitter, salty water mercenary, venal, hired, bribed

^U-l ajjäj burning, blazing, hot

j*rj* mu'ajjir pl. -ün landlord, lesaor

jv^U. mvta'ajjij burning, blazing, flam- j>r^—* mwta'jir leaseholder, lessee,

tenant; employer
a
_^.T äjurr (n. un. 5) baked brick

jr'jr'
 w
a.o. to do s.th.); to enjoin, impose (_> • tivatea the heart, a fascinating, thrilling

on s.o. H.th.); to take away (* Je from thing; ^Lll L'i>-I (mataru) we got caught
a.o. s.th.), strip, deprive {* Je s.o. of), in the rain; *j~*\^> -U-i (bi-7iäpirihi) to

cut off, bar (* Je s.o. from); to reproach, help s.o., stand by s.o., take care of s.o.,

blame (* Je s.o. for); to hold against look after s.o.; *—kl -U-i {nafasahü) to

s.o. (Je) that... (Ol), fix the blame fje draw breath; <-Lill <A* .U-l to take s.o.'s

on s.o., jl for the fact that); to obligate breath away; pJI ».U-l (7iaum) sleep

(>_> s.o. to); to learn (Je or j*. from overwhelmed him; ».u .U-1 (6t-yadiAt)
J*
s.o., * s.th.), acquire knowledge (Je or j*. to help s.o., stand by s.o. II to lay under
from s.o.), te i*l' -i>-l(Jilm) to study a spell, enchant, bewitch (» s.o.) III to

under s.o.; to begin, start (j or i_> with censure, blame (>_>, Je « s.o. for s.th.); to

s.th. or s.th., with foll. imperf.: to do punish (>_>, Je o s.o. for); to hold s.th.

s.th.), prepare, set out, be about (j or >_> (Je) against s.o. (»), resent (J* s.th. • in

to do s.th.) |
*u>\ -U-l (uhbatahü) to make s.o.) |
!j.U-1jJ V lä tu'äkidnl pardon me!
preparations, prepare o.s., get ready; forgive me! no offense, I hope! VIII .ucl

ü"5Ü -U-t« -i*-' (makad) to adopt the same ittakada to take (* s.th.); to take on,

course as s.o. eise, follow s.o.'s example; assume (* s.th.); to take up, occupy (*

IJU-l* *l* l*-\ to seize s.o., take possession s.th.); to pass, adopt (* e.g., a resolution);

of a.o. (a Sensation, or the like); »\jtt -U-l to take, single out, have in mind (**, «>

(majrähu) to take its course; <Jl£ X±\ s.o. or s.th. as); to make use (* of s.th.),

(majliaahü) to take one's seat, sit down; use (a s.th.); to imitate, affect (* e.g.,

»jj^ i»-l (hidrahü) to be on one's guard; s.o.'s manner of speaking) ; to make

J_J-L «-U-I (husnä) to be friendly, be (j* m s.th. out of s.o. or s.th.) |
"&J- ikl

nice to s.o. ; a_^»lic -U-1 (bi-kätirihi) to show (Saklan) to take on a form or shape;

o.s. complaisant toward s.o., try to \Jüj* JÜcl (mauqifan) to take an attitude,
pleaee s.o.; aJ-U «-U-I (bi-danbihi) to assume a position; öj:>UI jol-cdl ökl to

punish s.o. for hie offense; o]j X^-\ (raya* take the necessary measures; ljl_^f -i^l

hü) to ask s.o.'s opinion, consult s.o.; (qaräran) to pass or adopt a resolution;

aAs.
^J>\ -U-l {ukida r-ra'yu) the matter »-UJj-l ^Jl^il &\ to take up new po-
was put to a vote; i-jL-L Ä^l {bi-asbäbi) sitions (troops)

to embrace, adopt s.th., e.g., vV"^ -^ .U-l akd acceptance, reception; seizure;
ijjj*yi SjUäi-1 (hadära) to adopt Euro- taking out, taking away, removal, etc. |

pean culture; »JJÜL »\*-\ ißidda) to deal <j\j\ .U-l a. ar-ray voting, vote; ijj -U-1

with s.o. severely, give s.o. a rough (wa-radd) discussion, debate, dispute,

time; *ÄjJ* <^* -U-l to obstruct s.o.'s argument; bj Vj l-i—=- 1

J^ V »^i (yaqbalu)

way, hinder s.o. from moving on; »A£-\ an indisputable matter; »Uaej .U-l {wa-

*ijU J* to Shoulder s.th., take s.th. upon 'afä') give-and-take; traffic, trade; deal-

o.s.; J »JjJI Jj-\ ('udda) to prepare, set ings, relationa (esp. business, commer-
out, get ready to do s.th.; \x^ 4-1* Ä>-1 cial); discussion, debate; fight, battle

('dhdari) to put a.o. under an Obligation, «.U-l ukda spell, charm

impose a commitment on s.o.;
J* -U-l
JL>- 1 akld prisoner of war
Iji. (j\>-} ukida 'alä (Amt) girratin to be
*Xs-\ akida booty, spoils
taken by surprise, be caught unawares;
ÜjUÜj -U-I (muqäbala) to repay like for iU-l akkä4 captivating, fascinating,

like; i_^UJI -L-^L» »^i s.th. which cap- thrilling

 ;; 1

i\

Ju-U ma'kad pl. JU-l* maäkid 2 place so forth, et cetera; j*V' j»-> äkira l-

from which one takes s.th., source amri eventuaüy, finally, in the end, after

O wall socket, outlet {el.) ; adoption, all; j»j}\ _^-T äkira d-dahri forever; _^-T

borrowing, loan ; manner of acting, mode öL-jJl ä. az-zamän time at which the
of procedura, approach; pl. Ö»-U source Day of Judgment is to be expected, the

referencea, bibliography (in booka); rep- end of the world; '>' J* to the last,

rehensible points, faults, flaws, defects, down to the grass roots, entirely, com-

shortcomings |
^>»Vl o»-tU the simplest, pletely, e.g., »j*-T j* _^i {dummira) to
easiest approach ; -Ulli ^»^ eaay to be completely destroyed, be wiped off
handle or to use; aee also akada (middle the map ; »j>-\ ^- from behind, from the
of paragraph) rear; _^-T <! I* endlesa, infinite; j*-T j
_^\ after all, last of all; _*iJI y-ljl
«irf-lj, mu'äkada objection, exception;
a. oi-ioAr the end of the month, the last
censure, blame !»-bUj* "}/ (mv'äkadata)
J
ten days of the month; I^T ^j-^j lj»!
pardon me! no offense, I hope!
last but not least

i_p-U ma'Jcüd taken, seized; taken by

lj*-^\ al-äkira the hereafter
aurpriae, caught, trapped ; surpriaed

taken {^ with), fascinated (t-* by) _^T äkar 3 , f. <j_/-\ ukrä, pl. comm. _/-\

Ai ij^U in force, valid ukar* (and üjj^\ äkarün or o U_^-

ukrayät respectively) another, one more,
oli^L maküdät receipts, takings,
j*-^l the other ^j*-l «^ (marratan)
|

returns (com.)
once more; j^^-lM ( _
*,
>
j*-^ _>» he also,

she also, he in turn, ab© in turn, j»-^ Lil

i-\ II to delay, put off, defer, postpone,
I also; ti^^l oJtf o\ (in känat) other -
adjourn (* a.th.) ; to hinder, impede,
wise; ^T Jl üT j« from time to time;
obetruct, hold up (« s.o., * s.th.), slow
^ji~\ Jl iL- y* (sana) from year to
down, retard (* a.th.); to draw out,
year; <Sj*-\j »jj Cr J .
{/o*«») once in a
delay (j* # a.th. beyond appointed
time); to put back (*,
ita

shelve
while, from time to time; t£j*-l — *5jT

to set back (* a watch, a dock);

» a.o., s.th.),
(äwinatan) Bometimes — sometimes, at
(* s.th.);

remove
times — at times
to auspend, discharge, dismiss,
(> s.o. from an office) V to be late; to be tf^Vl al-ukrä the hereafter
delayed, fall or lag behind (j*), tarry, ufcrow» of or relating to the life
•SIS- 1

linger, heaitate; to default (j* on), be to come or the hereafter

behindhand, be in arreara (j* with), be
^»-1 akir last; latest; rearmost; the
behind {j* in); to hesitate (j* with); to
second of two; l,r»-l eventually, finally,
be suspended (from aervice), be dia-
in the end, after all, at last; recently,
charged, be dismiaaed | ^ dJli -Xm j^-^-i l
lately, the other day; j»-1/l — ü/l/1 the
ül after that, he did not hesitate long
before he ..., presently, he ...
former — the latter |
l_^-T ^j lj*»-l

last but not least

_^-T äkir pl. -ün, -ät, _/- \j\ aiväkir* last,
jU^> mi'kär palm which retaine ita
ultimate, utmost, extreme; end, close,
fruit into the winter
conclusion; foot, bottom (of a paper);
>^l and ;>^l the hereafter i>^l jUl \ ^»-U ta'kir delay, deferment, post-

the abode in the hereafter, the ever- ponement; obstruction, retardation; put-
lasting abode; «_^-T J( ilä äkirihi and ting back, temporary shelving
 ,;

j*\i taakkur delay, lag, retardation; ~tjj±\ akawya brotherhood (as a re-

hesitation, tarrying, lingering; slowneas, ligious association)

tardinesa; backwardness, underdevelop- U- uküwa brotherhood

» 1 ikä' , »j>- 1

ment (of a country) brotherliness, fratemity

j*-j* mu'akkar rear part, tau, end; •jl*-l ilcäxua fratemization, fraternity,
stern (of a ship) ; remainder, balance (of
brotherliness
a sum, to be paid later); \j*-$* mu'akka»
i-t ta'äkin fratemization
ran recently, lately, the other day; at
last, finally, eventually j_j>-l ajcür barn, stable

»j»-j* mu'akkara rear, rear guard (of an

jl adda ut to befall, affüct (» s.o.)
army) ; rear positions or lines (mü.) ;

stern (of a ship) il j*l amr idd a terrible, evil, horrible

thing
_^l^4 muta'akkir delayed, belated, late;
occurring later (je than); behind, behind- .«ol aduba u (adab) to be well-bred, well-
hand, in arrears; backward, underdevel- mannered, eultured, urbane, have refined
oped; lagging, staying behind; defaulter; tastes; — adaba i (adb) to invite (to a
Uj^-ldl the later, or modern, authora, party or banquet, « s.o.), entertain

writers, or the likefasopposedtoj^ JJtdl); (* s.o.) | ijU >_ol (ma'duba) to arrange a

ol>-uil arrears, balance of a sum re- banquet, give a formal dinner II to

maining due after previous payment refine, educate (• s.o.); to diseipline,

|

i^lxil OloiJt (buidän) the underdevel- punish, ehastise (* s.o.) IV to invite aa a

oped countries guest (• s.o.) V to reeeive a fine education
to be well-bred, well-educated, eultured,
Sr^Aaji-\ Ukfubüf OCtOpuS have refined tastes; to show o.s. polite,

courteous, civil, urbane; to educate o.a.,

j>-\ III to fraternize, aasociate as brothera
refine one's tastes (^ by, through); to let
(« with s.o.) V to act or show o.s. as a
o.a. be guided (i_j by) -jjü ._oIj (6t-
brother or friend VI to fraternize, asso- |

adabihi) to follow s.o.'s moral example

ciate as brothers

ikwän i_ol adab pl. ._jl.sT ädäb eulture, re-

;-l ak pl. ij*-\ ikwa, jl_^>-l

brother; fellow man, neighbor; friend; finement; good breeding, good manners,

brethren or members of social gracea, decorum, decency, pro-

pl. ül_jjil speeif.,
priety, seemliness; humanity, humane-
an order; jl_j>-Vl religious brotherhood
ness; the humanities; belles-lettres c-jj
of the Wahabi sect, militant in character, |

^j^I toilet, water closet; .-olM J~L# and

established by Ibn Sa'üd in 1910 |
^-1 L
,,-oVl fJ* ill-mannered, ill-bred, impolite,
my dear friend! *Ä) _^>-l akü tiqa trust-
uncivU; i/UI i_jj"i!l ('ämml) populär
worthy, reliable; jJü £l brother through
literature; t-o^l Jl*-j literati, men of
both father and mother, brother-german
lettera; ^!^l S-JS' kulllyat al-ä. (= fa-
<l^-\ ukt pl. cJ\yi~\ akaiüät eister;
culte des lettres) College of arts; ._jIjI

{gram.) cognate; counterpart l^-l the t-jU

|
rulea, rules of conduet, e.g., £j_ji-JI
other (of two), its mate, its counterpart de-
rules of decorum, etiquette; i-jIjVI
(after a fem. noun)
cency, morals

jj>- Jcuwaiy little brother

Jjl adabi moral, ethic(al); literary [

6j>-\ akawi brotherly, fraternal J^l <—*-lj moral Obligation; LjjL-j \-td
 ; ;;

i» 10

adabiyan wa-mäddiyan morally and phys- V>l, l*i\ adam, adama skin
ically; «-o^ ii-iiJI (jalaafa) ethica, moral
<jl adim skin; surface; tanned skin,
science leather |
^jVl f*\
<*• al-ar$ the surface

*i»Lol adabiyät Uterature, bellea-lettres of the earth

iJLie.il adabJfäna pl. -dt toüet, wator j.ljl addäm tanner

closet
3 pjT ädam* Adam |
,oT ^ human
\ being
^jil oii6 pt. »UjI tuia6ä' a cultured,

refined, educated; well-bred, well-manner-

tji\ ädami buman; humane; poor,

ed, civil, urbane; a man of culture and inferior, meager; (pl. -ün, joljl awädim 2 )
refined tastes; man of letters, writer, human being

author «-*jT ädamiya humaneness, humanity;

ijjl adiba authoress, writer humanism

iol* ma'duba pl. <—>jU ma'ewitt* ban- • Ijl adäh pl. oljji adawät tool; instrument;
quet, formal dinner Utensil, implement, device, appliance
apparatus; (gram.) particle SA-1 »IjI
»_jit to'dit education ; discipline; pun-
|

o. oi-A«jbm machinery of govemment;

ishment, chastisement; disciplinary pun-
._ju_^jl ll.il definite article (gram.); *IaI
ishment |
^__j jl^Jl ^j-Lf majlia at-t. dis-
öJLLJ (tan/idiya) executive agency; pl.
ciplinary board
materials, equipment, gear, *^j_^~ olj.il
^jIj ta'dibi disciplinary; punitive, re- olj^l
(AarMya) war material; i-LL^-l
taliatory | <&& <-*£ (qadlya) discipli-
(iA(tyafiya) stand-by equipment (techn.);
nary action
iJj^. olj.il (manztJiya) household Uten-

wot ta'addub good breeding, good sils, household effects

manners, civility, politenesa, courteous-
ÜjjV' al-adön (Hebr.) the Lord; Mr (Isr.)
ness, tact

<_oT ädib host <js\ II to convey, take, bring, lead, steer,

t-oj* mu'oddit pl. -ün educator

Channel (*, i or u s.o., s.th., Jl to), see

teacher in a Koranic school (Tun.); — that s.o. or s.th. (*, » or <_j) gets to (Jl);

to bring about, cause, effect, produce

muaddab well-bred, well-mannered, civil,
(Jl s.th.); to lead, contribute, be condu-
urbane
cive (Jl to a result); to amount, come
«jjl vdra scrotal hernia practically (Jl to); to tend (Jl to), aim
(Jl at); to carry out, execute, discharge
üjjl adirna 2 Edirne, Adrianople (city in
(* s.th.); to perform (* a ritual, etc.);
NW Turkey) to do (vr'j wäjibahü one's duty); to
^LjLjjVI (Fr. adrtatique) al-adriyatxk and fulfill (ü-Uj a function, iJI—j a mission);

*ilJljjjV1 j£ bahr al-a. the Adriatic Sea to accomplish (öjj^U a task); to take
(L_c an oath; UUll.1 an examination)
x
*s\ adama i (adm) to take some additional kidmatan a Service, J or
to render (L.0*-
food (* with the bread), enrich (* the to s.o. a e.g., a meaning, a musical
Jl ;

bread) "with aome extra food or condi- composition, etc.) >*"5*—Jl ^jI (saldm)
|

ment to greet, Baiute V to load, be conducive,

a\i\ idäm anything eaten with bread; contribute (Jl to results); to be carried

shortening, fatty ingredient out, be performed, be accomplished ; to

 ,
; l

öil

arrive ( Jl at), be lead ( Jl to) X to demand, (<_• of s.th.), be informed (i_» about) II to
claim {* • from s.o. s.th.) call (i_j to),esp. to call to prayer (J-^LaJl;);

to crow (rooster) IV to announce, make

•bl adä* pl. -ät (as verbal noun of II)
known (.-» s.th., i_j • to s.o. s.th.), inform,
rendering (of a Service); pursuit, Per-
notify (* s.o.); to call to prayer; to call
formance, execution, discharge (of a
upon s.o. (•), urge, admonish, exhort
duty), realization, effeotuation, accom-
(• s.o.) to do s.th. {_-); to herald (i_i or *
plishment (of a task); rendition, reading
s.th.); to foreshadow (i_j s.th.); to be on
(e.g., of a musical oompoeition); fulfill-
the verge (ül of doing s.th.) -UjiJtj jjT
ment; payment f
»IjIII j~*- kum al-a.
|

(JljjJL) (zawäl) to show signs of the

good rendition (of a work of art, of a
imminent downfall (end); öL*ijIj JJJI üjT
musical composition)
(lailu bi-ntipäf) it was close to midnight
Sjjtj ta'diya rendering (of a Service); V to herald, announce (i_» s.th.) X to ask
pursuit, Performance, execution, dis-
permission (j to do s.th., rarely i_j);

charge (of a duty), realization, effectua- to ask permission enter (J*

to s.o.'s
tion; accomplishment (of a task); ful-
house), have o.s. announced (J* to s.o.);
fiUment; payment to take leave (,y of s.o.), say good-by

&J» mu'addan assignment, task, func- (ü-to)

tion ; sense, meaning, signification, import,
üjl idn permission, authorization ; oili
underlying idea
Zt\ if God choose, God willing; (pl. jjjl

jl i$ 1. (introducing a verbal clause) (and) udün, olijjl udünät) (postal) order |

uil

then; iJlj jl id däka (also written £jlil)

-b^rJl pl. Jj^JI oUjjl postal money order;
<i>jjl uil do.
then, at that time, at the same time, in
doing so; 2. (conj.; temp. and caus.) as, jjl udun, ud,n f., pl. jljT ädän ear;
when; since, as, the more so as, because; handle (of a cup) | J**J\-
üi^l u^ll
jl jl id anna since, as, in view of the fact (wusfä) middle-ear infection, Otitis media
that; for, because (med.)

1
ljl idä 1. (introducing a nominal clause jlil adän call to prayer

the subject of which may he expressed ojl udaina little ear; ear lobe
by i_j with foll. genit.) and then, and
ojU ma'dana, oit. mi'dana pl. öiL
all of a sudden; (with noun in nomina-
ma'ädin 3 minaret
tive case or with i_j) there waa . . .

and all of a sudden there was . .

üIÄjI Idän declaration, proclamation,
.

2. (conj.) when; if, whenever; whether, if

announcement (^ of s.th.) | »1.^1; IJ 1 JL*

(introducing indirect questions); lil

tljJi-l indicating that the conversation
L.

when, whenever; VI is (was) ended

lil (iüd) unless, if

not; except when üjJU ma'gün authorized; slave with

2
limited legal rights (Isl. Law) ; = jj iL
ljl (Dil) idan then, therefore, in that case,
^ji. (Sar'i) oföcial authorized by the cadi
hence, consequently
to perform civil marriages (Isl. Law)
jljT ädär 2 March (month; Syr., Leb., Jord., ÄJjiL ma'düniya leave, furlough (mil.
Ir.)
Syr.); license, franchise (Syr.)

1
jjl a4ina a to listen (Jl to s.o.); to allow, ui_J* mu'addin muezzin, announoer of
pormit (j J s.o. a.th.); to hear, learn the hour of prayer
jil

2 lil jjl^jl ariuwäzx artesian (well)

üil tdan see

^p! a^tya a to suffer damage, be harmed ntosowdissension{^ubetween,among)

1
i*J l

IV to härm, hurt, wrong (• s.o.); to mo-

2
£>jl *'rf inheritance, heritage; estate (of
lest, annoy, irritate, trouble (• s.o.) J
V
inheritance)
,j;jjj lä yu'di innocuous, harmless, inoffen -
sive V to aufFer damage, be wronged; to ifS'iyj I UTtüduksX orthodox ; <-Siyj V 1

feel offended, be hurt the Orthodox Church

,j}\ adan, »Ijl adäk, Jjjl adlya damage, ^-Tj^jV' fj^l ar-rüm al-urtüduks the
härm; injury; trouble, aruioyance, griev- Greek Orthodox Cburch
ance, wrong, offense, insult
j^jl arija a (araj, £_j\arij) tobe fragrant Vdo.
Jjlil idäya damage, härm, harmful-
^jl araj fragrance, sweet smell
neBS, noziousnesB

»lil idä' härm, damage, prejudice; £jl arij fragrant, sweet- smelling

offense, hurt; grievance, nuisance £jl arij fragrance, sweet smell

ij* mu'din hurtful, harmful, injuri-

k»-jI II taarjaha to rock, Swing
ous, detrimental, prejudicial; annoying,
irksome, troublesome; painful, hurting, wv-jti* muta'arjih fluctuating

offensive, insulting
,>i*-jVl al~arjanlin Argentina

jjljl arätiqi and J^jIjI pl. ÜjIjI arätiqa

j^jl urjwwän purple
a heretic (Ckr.)
(jl_j*-jl urjuwäni purple (-colored)
t/ljT ärämi Aramaean; Aramaio
J^Tj' populär spelling (eg.) of j^*-»_^ 'ara-
<_^jl ariba a {arab) to be skillful, proficient
göz (q.v.); Punch (in a Punch and Judy
(«_* in s.th.); — araba % to tighten (a
show)
a knot) HI to try to outwit (• s. o.)

j-jl II to date (* a letter, and the like, <_*

wijl arab pl. <_jIjT äräb wish (j for),
with a date); to write the hiatory of
desire, need (j of s.th.); purpoae, aim,
s.th. (*)
goal, end
i-*jl irb pl. ^IjTöröfi limb Ljl Ljl «Sj*
£jU ta'rik dating (of a letter, etc.);
|

Uxwärxk 2 date; time; his-

(mazso^aftü) to tear s.th. to pieces or to iärik pl.
fr j\y
shreds tory; chronicle, annals |
SLJ-1 f.j^i t.al-
hayäh biography; curriculum vitae; £jIj
öjl irba skill, resourcefulness, clever-
*U- {'ämm) world history; AjUI »L*U the
ness, smartness
historians
ÄjjI uria pl. «-jjI «raA knot, bow
JtjÜ ftmfö historic(al)
^jl arifc skillful, resourceful, clever,
jrjj* mw'arrifc pl. -ün historiographer,
intelligent
historian, chronicler, annahst; — mu»
<—>jU ma*rab pl. <_.>jL. ma'ärtfi 8 wish,
'arrak dated
desire; object of desire, purpose, aim,
goal, end J-j^jl arkabil archipclago

Jojl arbll 2 Erbil (the ancient Arbela, city j^-jl (5p^ü)v) pl. i^UjI aräkina archon, pl.
in N Iraq) notables (Chr.-Copt.)
 ;

öj\

i_ojl irdabb (now usually pronounced ardabb) painting); ground floor, first floor (tun.);

pl. t_jjljl arädib 2 ardeb, a dry meaaure storage, warehouse charges

[Eg.; = 1981)
fjy-ijl ardurüm 2 Erzurum (city in NE
iijl irdabba cesspool Turkey)

JjjVl al-urdunn Jordan (river and country) Ü»jl (also *l»jjl) urfa pl. i»jl uraf (i»jjl)

Jijl urdunm Jordanian ÄJjjV' |

<SlLil battalion (formerly, Eg.; mit.)

ijT'lAl al-mamlaka al-u. al-häSimlya the

Ui»jl arpaqa pl. -ät heresy (Ckr.)
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (official

designation) «jjU see jüj

jljjjl (Fr. ardoise) arduwäz slate j^jl urgun pl. j^ljl arägin* organ (mu8.
instr.)
*jjl arz (n. un, «) cedar
J_>pjt urgül, argül a wind instrument (re-
2
jjl aruzz rice
lated to the clarinet, consisting of two
^jl arasa i (ars) to tili the land pipes of unequal length)

^jl trris and aris peasant, farmer jjl ariqa a to find no sleep II to make
sleeplesa (• s.o.), prevent s.o. (•) from
^jjz^j] aristuqräfi aristocratic ; aristocrat
sleeping
•JsljJii-jl aristuqrätiya aristocracy
jjl araq lessness, insomnia
_jL-jl arisfü Aristotle
iSüji arika pl. dUljl arä'ik 2 couch, sofa;
^jl arS indemnity, amercement, fine, pen- throne
alty; blood money (for the shedding of
iLSj! argila pl. jXijl arägtP {syr.) water
blood; Isl. Law)
pipe, narghile
^-jji-jl ^yijl (Gr. äQxtenioxonog) archbishop
^oJjl irlandi Iriah
jjj_ijl (Fr. archiduc) archduke, üj-LJjl
l
*j\ arama i to bite
archduchess
j»jl urram molar teeth | *Ji\ öj*-
^jl ard f., pl. ^Ijl arädin, öj~äji aradün
(harraqa) to gnash one's teeth (in anger)
earth land, country, region, area terrain,
; ;

i*jjl arüma, urüma root, origin; stump

ground, soil |
^J\
l
(j-*jV (suflä) the
of a tree
nether world; L-JJUi ^jV' (muqaddasa)
the Holy Land, Palestine l»j.t« mVram root (of a tooth)

^ij I ardi terrestrial, of the earth 2

i»ljT äräm (= *Tjl pl. of fj ri'm) white
soil-, land- (in Compounds) ; situated on
antelopes
or near the ground, ground {adj.); earth-

Iy; Underground, aubterranean ,>jV al-arman the Armenians

£j£ ^jl ardi Saukl artichoke J*j! armani Armenian (adj. and n.)

^jl arad (coli.; n. un. V) termite; Li-.jl armeniyä Armenia

woodworm
ijjUjVI al-amäivut the Albanians
l~Jj\ ardlya pl. -ät floor; ground
(also, e.g., of a printed fabric, of a ^jljjl arnäwuti Albanian
^jl arnab f., pl. .-Jljl aränib 2 hare; rabbit |
jljl izär m. and f., pl. jjl uzur loin-

ja^ ^jjl (hiTtdi) guinea pig cloth; wrap, shawl; wrapper, covering,

cover
3jjl arnaba female hare, doe |
<Jj\

tju^l o. al-anf tip of the nose; nose, jjü mi'zar pl. jju ma'äzir 2 apron;
muzzle (of an animal) wrapper, covering, cover

»jjlj* mu'äzara support, aid, assiat-

liLJjl (Turk. örnek) antik pl. iLiljl aränik 2
ance, backing
pattern, model; form, blank
jjU tä'äzur mutual assistance
bjjl urztbbä Europe
J»jl azifa a (azaj, J»jjl vzüf) to come, ap-
jjjl urubbi European (adj. and n.)
proach, draw near (a time)

\ijl ar V honey narrow V do.

jjl azaqa i (azq) to be

1
jjT ort Aryan jju ma'ziq pl. jj U ma'äziq 2 narrow
passageway, narrow pass, strait, bottle-
ij jT äriya Aryanism
neck; predicament, fix, dilemma, critical

Ujl onAä Jericho Situation, also ~j»~ jju (harij)

jl azza u i (Jrjl aziz) to simmer; to hum, Jjl azal pl. JljT äzäl eternity (without
buzz; to whiz, hiaa; to fizzle; to wheeze beginning), sempiternity

j-ji aziz hum(ming), buzz(ing); whiz- Jjl azall eternal, sempiternal

zing, whizz, whistle (e.g., of bulleta)

iJjl azaliya sempiternity, eternity

^jl azaba i (azb) to flow, run (water)

(•jl V to be or become critical, come to a

i-»t1jt. mi'zäb pl. i—jju ma'äztb 2 and head (Situation, relations)

t_j|>» mizäb pl. i_-ijL« mayäztb* drain; azamät emergency;
i*jl azma pl. crisis
|

gutter, eaves trough Ijjljj öjl (urizäriya) cabinet crisis

'^Jl izb dumpy, pudgy, stocky; small man fjtvta'azzum: ÜU-I (»jü t. al-häla critical

development, aggravation of the Situation

liLjVl al-uzbak the Uzbeks
(•jju ma'züm victim of a crisis
jjl azara i (azr) to Surround (* s.th.) II to

clothe s.o. with an jljl izär q.v.); j^j\ izmir2 Izmir (formerly Smyrna, sea-
{»

to cover, wrap up (• a.o., * s.th.); to port in W Turkey)

strengthen, brace {« s.o., * s.th.) III to

J^jl izmil pl. Jjpiljl azämtl 2 chisel
help (» s.o.); to support, back up,
strengthen (» s.o.) V and VIII to put on Ojjl (Engl.) azöt azote, nitrogen

an izär {see below), wrap o.s. in an Jjji azöti nitrogenous

izär VI to help each other; to rally,

unite, join forces ^jl III to be opposite s.th. (*), face (* s.o.,

a s.th.)
jjl azr strength | »jj' -^ &adda azrahü
or «jjl ,j- xi (min azriht) to help, support, »Ijl izä'a (prcp.) opposite, face to face

encourage s.o., back s.o. up; Sadda az* with, facing; in front of; in the face of

ruAü to be energetic, vigorous, lusty, (e.g., of a Situation); as compared with;

courageoua »Ijli bi-izä'i opposite, face to face with,
 -

*_l

front of; »Ijl '<& ««'» -IjlJ isbidäj and ^-L-*l isbidäj white lead,
facing; in J*
ceruae
in the face of (e.g., of a Situation)

jtj*\ (It. spirüo) isbirto alcohol

r.T äs myrtle
1
l_

:
LJ -l isbalifa epaulet
"^T pl. -ät ace (playing card) t

C--I see J
c—
•^1 II to found, establish, set up (* e.th.)»

lay the foundation (* for) V to be founded, JLjli-! üföliH static (eJ.)

be establiflhed, be set up
jL-l (Fr. Stade) istäd Stadium
^1 im« foundation, basia; exponent
iliJ urtüi pl. iJÜLl cuätida master; teacher;
of a power (math.)
professor (academic title); form of ad-
^U aaäs pl. tr -
I usus foundation
dress to intellectuals (lawyers, journal-
(also, of a building), fundament, ground- writers and poets); ledger
ists, officials,
work, ground, basis; keynote, tonic
{com.) Jip^l il=^/l (a'zam) Grand Maa-
^U >
|

genit.) on
jfW iMl
(rnua.) (with foU. title of
|
ter (of a lodge);
the basia of, on the Btrength of, on
the Rector of AI Azhar Univeraity; Sls-1

account
Äm^I
of, according to;
(asäaa, sihha) completely
,>. *J ,_^l— I

unfound-
^
^.ß (hirst; Eg.) and ^^ ilsJ (Syr.)

ed (newB, rumor)
füll profesBor; ^^ ^ ilsJ (Syr.) asso-

ciate professor; fyiu j^- ili^l (mutafarrig ;

^L-l asäsi fundamental, basic; ele- Äff.) part-time professor (holding an

eseential ; principal, chief, main office outside the univeraity) 0*1—* ili*l
mentary ; |
;

Li (hajar) cornerstone, foundation (muaawf) assistant professor {Eg.;8yr,);

j?
ili-l Syr.) visiting professor;
atone J\j (Äff.;

JiU j ;ö;L-l * (j'aiai) they aremasterB of

oL— L-l tuäsiyät fundamentals, prin-
disputation
oiples
*jjli-l ustädiya mastership; professor-
foundation, estab-
u^Jj ta'sia founding, ship, profeasorate
lishment, setting up, Institution; ground-
ing, laying of the substructure (arch.); JjJlsJ wtan&üJ" Istanbul, Constantinople
pl. -ät facilitiea, Utilities; institutions
J^jU^I istanbüll of Istanbul
~> *\s ta'stH founding; foundational,
lS r al-astäna, aliatäna
«iUJSl al-äsitäna, «ili^l/l
fundamental ^Jj ^-Lf (majlia) con-
| iS
Constantinople, Istanbul
Btituent assembly

mu'assis founder jj^l istabraq brocade

l
r~*y>

L~-ja muassasa pl. -ät foundation, j»jlJUl wfrdiiji Strategie

establishment; firm (com.); institution;
J tjLl ttsJuröJ» Australian
Organization
Uljü-1 u^uräiiyö Auatralia
ül— ^' al-asbän, al-iabän the Spaniards

JJj^l wtor/ini aterling JJ^I «=>- pound

jl~*1 isbäni Spanish; (pl. -ün) Spaniard j

aterling; JJj^l ü^-* mintaqat al-i. Ster-

i^L-l isbänak spinach ling area

iJl—-I isbäniyä Spain ;,LiJ see j*\

 <j>^1 (It. stoppa) tow, oakum; ootton waate j_j-U ma'aür captivated, faacinated, en-

jjaji-l (It. -Engl, «(udio) i8tÜdiyöp\.£»\jk£Af .\

thralled ( v by)

a
istüdiyShät studio; atelier »_r-l aairra see j ^
3
)j£fL*\ istokholm Stockholm ~*jj~\* look up alphabetically

l-Jji-l (Engl.) istöniyä Estonia Jsfl^-I isrü'W Israel JJl^l j* banü i.

|

the Israelites; J-Jl^l U_,j daulat i. the

C-jJLL-I i&tiyätit steatite, soapatone (min.) State of Israel

£^J look up alphabetically JJij- 1 isrä'ili Israelitish ; Israelite

j— X
IsraeÜ (adj. and n.); oUJI^I Judaica
I to display the courage of a lion
(J*
against) Jjlj-I isräßl* Israfil, the angel who will

J— aaad
sound the trumpet on the Day of Res-
I
pl. J— usud, usd, j^J usüd,
I

urrection
jLT äsäd lion; Leo (astron.) | o-VI »Ij

leontiasis (med.)
Vj-' u&rvb lead (metal)
l
s*\ twara » (twr) to bind, fetter, shackle, JjJlLJ isfanbiU 2 Istanbul, Constantinople
chain (» s.o.); to capture, take prisoner
JJa-l isfabl pl. -ä( stable, barn
(• s.o.); to captivate, fascinate, hold
spellbound (. s.o.), absorb, arrest (* the *Jfc-l (It. sloppa) uafubba tow, oakum
attention) X to surrender, give o.s. up
as prisoner vXA*' a*turläb astrolabe

j-l aar (leather) strap, thong; cap- ( _ril*-l istaqi« pl. -ö/ element
ture; captivity |
^\ ;xt tiddat al-a.
UljLJ uafuwäna
vigor, energy pl. -ä( column (arch.) ;

cylinder {ma(A.; of an engine); phono-

•j~.\ uara pl. ^-1 usar, -ät family; dy- graph record; —
pl. ,>LUI asä/m 2 high-
nasty; clan, kinsfolk, relatives; — asirra ranking, prominent personalities ; stars,
see j^ celebrities, authorities, mastere (e.g., of
art: ji)\ ,>I.LI a. al-fann)
•j-.L bi-asrthi entirely, completely, al-

together, ^^-L lj»U all of them came, jl^LJ usfuwäni cylindric(al)

they came one and all
ZjJ*~\ us\üra. pl. jJ*Ul asä/ir" legend, fable,
jUI iaär (leather) strap, thong; cap- tale, myth, saga
tivity; captivation, enthrallment | «jj
t$jjl*-l usfüri fabulous, mythical, leg-
•jW J to be subjected to B.th., fall into
endary
the clutches of s.th.

j^-l a&ir pl. *\jJi usarä' 2

JjkJ ustül pl. J-UU aaöfi/ 2 fleet; squadron
, ^^-1 asrä,
tjjUI asärä prisoner, captive, prisoner of
D J«-l iw/ä (colloq. for SbJ) pl. ol^L-l
war
ustawät master; foreman, overseer; also
• jj-l aaxTQ. pl. -ät female prisoner, Blave form of address to those in lower callings,
girl e.g., to a cab driver, coachman, etc.

jS\ äair winning, captivating, fasci- J&J aaifa a (asaf) to regret

(J* or J s.th.),
nating; captor feel sorry J*
(
for), be sad ( J* about) V do.
 IjJiS^-I w/to(iandä Scotland
,_iJ aaaf grief, aorrow, chagrin, regret |
lj wä asaßh/ oh, what a
pity! jt-l-CJ iakotianii Scottish, Scotch
I.Lu-l

it's too bad! Jt~-# Ijj «»-</« lal-asaji

ü£J wfeila pl. J£*LI asälcü' seaport, commer-
(or only ^i-^J) unfortunately;
cial center (in the East)
and ,_iJ j£i M-iuJK Mo/in do.

,jj aaij and ^i_-l <wi/ regretful, sorry, ilX— iekamla stool, footstool
i

sad, grieved, distreased üjjxSL,! iakavdarüna' Iskendcron (formerly

JaJ& tatusuf regret Alexandretta, seaport in S Turkey)

JaJ äsij regretful, sorry, aad uS'J |

öjxi^.'JI al-iskandarlya Alexandria (oity in
JtJ ji (joira dai/in) I left him without N Egypt)
regret," I was only too glad to leave him
LibxSL,! iskandinäjly/i Scandinavia
»_L J>j-L maaüf 'alaihi mourned
(eap. of a dead person, = the late la-
JJ II to sharpen, point, taper (» s.th.)
mented) rush (iof.)
JJ aaai (coli.)

J^,y mu'aij distressing, sad, regret-

1L.I oraJa pl. -öi thorn, spike, prong;
table
point (also, e.g., of a pen = nib); tip of

JiJi. mute' mm/ sad, sorry, regretful; the tongue

\JaJc* aorry! the
»-W jj^' oJ-Äurü/ al-asallya

iljljU w/äiwfc and flLl ts/äiwfc spinach I letters j, ^- and ^>

iULu.1 (rimi) garden oraoh
(Atri-
jjj asil smooth J--I Jbs- {kadd) Bmooth
J_J |

plex hortensis, 6o(.)

cheek

,_ I • -I os/aU asphalt *JLI cuäla eliptic, oval form

-jjUI u/an;', ij/unj sponge Lj. mu* omo2 pointed, tapered

jjiiJ w/anj'i spongy; porous (variant of Jjjl^l) islämbüli of

JjjVjÜ
Istanbul
jlxj-l isfindän maple (4ol.)

jJ ->U islanda Iceland

r-lj-i-l vs/idä) white lead, ceruse
1

j^\ «/in pl. üJU mä/in» wedge ^-1 see

f
mara4) jyeXf I aamänjanf aky-blue, azure, cerulean
>j!>-l «JorMJi: J-ji/t« 1
o-V - (

acurvy (med.) »jA asmara Aamara (capital of Eritrea)

.JiiJ uequj pl. 1BLI asägifa,

*_ÜLI cmöj»/ j
cj.x*I asmant, ismant cement
bishop |
iüL^I j-Jj archbiahop
J^rl asmanti cement (ad]'.)

li-l usqufi episcopal

/-.I asana i u and ostna a to become brackish
Lii.1 usqu/iya episcopate, bishoprio
(water)
yjiqumn, üqumri mackerei (zaol.)
,
.1
j^ '.
j?\ äsin brackish
sea onion
J-iJ isqü an Oriental variety of (jj and jj-l) LI mö tt (am, LI osan) to
(Scilla)
nurse, treat (» a wound) ; to make peace

^j£-\ (Engl.) isketi sketch

(jo between, among); — ^1 <M»y« l^- 1
.
 18

LI Man) to be Bad, grieved, distress«)

II to console, comfort
/l a&ra u (a*) to saw (» s.th.); — j to
(• b.o.); to nurse sharpen with a file (* s.th.)
file,
II to
(• a patient) III to ahare (one's wordly mark, indicate, State, enter, record («
poesessions, . with s.o.), be charitable s.th.); to grant a Visa; to provide with
(• to b.o.); to aasist, Support («s.o.); to a visa s.th.)
(J»
console, comfort (. s.o.); to treat, eure
^il aiar liveliness, high
(» a.th., medically) V to be consoled, spirits, eru-
berance; wildness; insolence,
find Bolace VI to share the worldly imperti-
nence
poaseBsiona; to assist one another, give
mutual aasistance ji\ aür Uvely, sprightly, in high spirits,
exuberant; wüd; insolent,
tff-f asan grief, sorrow, diBtreBs impertinent,
arrogant
">y\ uswa, iswa example, model, pat-
jlii. mi'lär pl. j^l^. mawäHr1 saw
tern IjJ utwatan bi following the
|
>_/

model or pattern of, along the linea of; j~t la'ltr issuance of an offioial
in the same manner as, just as, like endoreement; offioial endorsement; visa
•UL ma'säh pl. ^X, ffla'önn tragedy, ij^ü ta'iira pl. -ö? visa
drama /. murür or jU»-l Jj^iL' transit visa

V-t lasiya consolation, comfort ^i> mu'aUir indicator, needle (of a

measuring Instrument)
•Uj. mvwäaäh (for mu'äath) oonsola-
tion; charity, beneficence jlj- mu'alSar jagged, serrated;
mark-
ed, designated
üwär, uawär
( v by, with)
j\_y\ pl. j_,U tuäwir', SjjU
atäwira bracelet, hangle Jil Ufa pl. J>UI oAJ/Sn awl, punoh

o\jJ aswän' Aswan (oity in 8 Egypt) jllil «Aiön potash; saltwort (Salsola kali;
bot.)
rj-' asüj Sweden
41^1 vjna moss
u»-j-l atüji Swedish
jj£> aAür Assyria
^j-l see j-l

<SjjÜ oUri Assyrian (adj. and n.)

L-T fciyä Asia
| ltj^l\ L.T (fugri) Asia
Minor ^s-»! afit pl. u«"~»l u#u« flowerpot

tO—T äsiyain Asiatio, Asian (adj. and J-»l II to close, shut (a door, eto.)
n.)
j-»l ifr jL«T 4>ör covenant, compact,
pl.
J.j— «y«) 1 Asyüt
I
(oity in oentral Egypt) oontract load, eneumbrance, bürden
; ; sin

pl. jL»T bonds, ties

V- 'I V to be mixed, heterogeneoua, motley
(a orowd) ~>j~J äfira pl. _^ljl awSeir*
bond, tie
(fig., e.g., .V^ll ^Ijl o. oZ-uwW bonds
ilil uMba pl. ^JLSl oArjJi mired, of friendship); Obligation, commitment
motley orowd
Jrk»l »*>W pl. -dl stable, barn
sUil iSWiya' Seville (oity in SW Spain)

jwil iibin
jl+i^l iffahän' Isfahan (oity in W oentral
pl. ^,,lil see
Jj Iran)
 J"
soüd; sound,
become pure; proper, actual; firm,
plU attOa) to be or
X,\ afula u reasonable, sensible; of
strong, unswerv-
firmly rooted; to
be firmly established;
steadfast; deep-rooted;
ing character-,
origin II to found (» s.th.),
to be of noble
native, indigenous |
J^VI >MI the
foundation, establish
give s.th. (») a firm sound,
or origin of (») V to
be actual reason; Jß J*-l of
the foundation unerring judgment
rooted, deep-rooted,
(

or become ßrmly JJU-I o**"«

1

be or become j^l apl pl. JU-T öjiäi,

ingrained; to take root,
time before sunset, late
aftemoon
derive one's origin
firmly established; to
root out, extir- firmness, steadfastness,
(j.from) X to uproot, aul ojräto
of descent,
pate, extenninate,
annihilate (» s.th.); Btrength of character; nobUity
organ by » surgioal immediately,
remove (. an purity of origin; afälatan
to
Operation) | ~U >U
(**«•»•> *• directly, personally
judgment; ju-
| Jß 3UI o. «-"'»
s.th. radically olarity and firmness of
eradicate s.th., eliminate
ntMe0USly
dciousness «-Ü 0* ^ >V^ B po
'
;

JJ oji pl. Jj^l •«« root: trunk (° f

own name,
of one's own accord, in one's
cause, reason;
a tree); origin, souroe; privately (as opposed to
(esp., one of a
personaUy,
descent, lineage, stock
fundament, ,ji j. «Uli-); "«.Uj *lU o?äto ton *"*-
noble character); foundation,
basis; the original (e.g.,
of a book);
— niyäbatan directly and indirectly

prinoiples, fundamentals, pedigree, genealogy

pl. J^l «^ ;l_Jj to'f>ito

of a science); ta'afful deep-rootedness

rudimente, element« (e.g.,
J^t
niles, prinoiples, axioms;
rules; basio extermina-
JUsJ wtf'jöl extirpation,
property asset« {fin.)
real estate, landed eümination; removal by
;
;

tion, (redical)
_ }Ul aflan originally, primarily;
eurgery
by no means, not at aU, not
(with neg.)
>MI j originally, at first; J^tu mutoV deep-rooted, deep-
in the least
,

|
(illness)
the 4 foundations seated; chronic
«Uli J_^l u. al-fiqh
jurispnidence, i.e., Koran, camel
of Islamio iil ojif the moaning bray of a
Sunna, qiyä» (analogy)
and ijnä' (con-
and to bend, ourve
>V "»
- II
ta wld UabUl i>l aforo i t. («fr)
eensus); fJ^-j
ties; Silu. tV <<»««*«'»*•> double- (» s.th.)

entry bookkeeping; J^ll

(»««*•) -— jltl tför pl. -ät, >l «f«r
frame (also,
with regulations wheel); hoop
properly, in conformity of eyeglasses); tire (of a

primary, primal, (of a barrel, etc.)

o?« original,
J^.1
genuine, authentic, pure;
basic, jjU.1 ifora rim, feUy (of a wheel)
initial;
ohief, main j£\ hoop-shaped
fundamental, principal, |
jjU.1 «fori framelike,
iJ-Vl ol»^
<^.1\ (tomon) cost price;
the com- 2
*jß\ see jjl»
(jihäi) the cardmal points (of
Cardinal number; of pigeon
pass); J-.I 3J» C«*«*) «li>l ufrujuMo a variety
L.1 j^p ('utfw) regulär
member
OjjUI ofrün = öjjl"
accordance with the
Jj^l upüH in the
prin- .jJLii^l, jiüWI al-aflantik, oJ-ofianfi«
oonforming to prevailing
rules,
legist Atlantic
oiples; traditional, ttsual;
and JÜ^U <&"># At "
«*""' of P ure JUi^l.1 afl-in^i
j_,l afil pl. .*-! '

lantic
authentic, genuine
noble origin; original,
 JW 20

uXI afW satin; (pl.

volume of geographical maps
^ly ^^ atlas> üji-il i/*m«n, i/«Wen wormwood, ab-
sinthe (Artemisia
absinthium; bot.)
u-U»l affcw» Atlantio
&i\ ifiin pl. Oi-Lil o/äfin«
litany (Chr.)
JtU.1 <#»tp Atlantio JtiUVI JJ-I
| (Art/)
the Atlantic Pact üUiVI ai-a/jän the Afghans;
Afghanistan
üU_iUil afgänütän Afghanistan
l»jLI ojüi» sea turtle
JUil o/yäni Afghan (adj.
and
W O0ä, liT a^ä pl. ol>l „^„a, aga , lordj
n.)

Jil «/<?, */«? pl.

master, sir; eunuch, harem chamberlain jliT ä/öy horizon;
ränge
of Vision, field of Vision; pl. di stant
.i>VI oH0m, ö,Uy| aZ-ojärijo the Greeks lands, faraway countries, remote
regions-
provinces, interior of the
ii>' V^Cj» Greek, Grecian (adj. and n.) country (as'
distinguished from the capital) jliT
o-]«-£l a#iMfu* August (month) |

t^jV I
ä. al-ard the remotest parts of
the
öl V to grumble, mutter in earth; J5 y| JliT ä.
oZ-6.Jäi the outlying
complaint (a.
about) portions of the country;
jlfifl jlit feg",
$M oi-a. foreigners, travelers
ijl uff dirt (in the
ears or under the
nails), Jil ufqi horizontal
earwax, cerumen

öl JliT äfäql coming from

uff interj. expressing anger or
dis-
a distant
pleasure
country or region

jlil affäq wandering,

wül a/a/displeasure; gnimbling, roving, roaming;
grum-
ble tramp, vagabond

cJut ta'otfu/ displeasure; iii\ afaka i (afk) and afita a

grumbling, (i/i, „/*, o/oi,
grumble 4yl «/»*) to lie, teU a lie

iM and SCjl ^. ü
i >VI
ifk
aJ-./ran, the Franks, the Europeans o/ifc, pl . | „^.^
|
£j»VI
lie, untruth, falsehood
j^A; Europe
4UI ogüit liar, lying
u^yl ifranji European
u^jil i/ran* French; J_J^VI Jil o/ai. « ,'
(Jyl u/üi) to g0 downj se( (stare) .

the French
language; Uj_J>VI the
French J,il «/« setting (of stars)

>>l t'/rfe pl. j,jUI /är«! frieze; edge; curb- J»l ä/ü transitory, passing
sidewalk «Ul yj\
| ,-.
«rf^^, p]at . OjWil
form (of a railroad Station) afiäfün' Plato
; .LU y J\ I

molding (arcA.) jil o/an stupidity

li>l afriqä f. and Li>l i/ri^s, now usually u;>l a/tn and u_,>L ma'/fln stupid,
pronounced foolish, fatuous; fool
afriqiyä f. Africa Li^il
|

«JUII (Samällya) North Africa

iS-Ül a/artdi pl. -iyo gentleman (when refer-
Jijil ifrigi, now usually pronounced ring to non-Europeans
wearing Western
o/tljt African; (pl. clothes and the tarboosh);
-ün, «JjUI a/äri,a) an (after the
African name) a title of respect
(<#.); p.jjI afan.
dim! Sir! (eg.) afcmdim/
j_ß äfirm, bravo! well done! (I beg your)
pardonf What did you say?
 ! ;

&
of, Ol that); to give
jTI II to asBure (. J s.o.
jfjl (It. nvvoatio) w«J advocate, lawyer, assurance (» J to s.o. of); to confirm
representative of
attorney | j^ tfjM Fr. avocat (» s.th., a view) V to be or become.
the attorney general (= o.s. (,>. of s.th.); to
convinced, convince
glnäral)
reassure sure (y. of B.th.); to
o.a., make
'** aUa -
of); to be urgent, imperative,
Ojj\ ajyün opium |
OjSi\ CJJ be sure (o.
requiaite
laudanum
in Eg. = ta'kid pl. -« asBurance; confirma-
öl uqqa -« oka, a weight,
pl.
±f\l
tion; emphasis;
-iTÜl, moet certainlyl
1.248 kg, in Syr. =
1-282 kg
of course

ta'akkud assurance,
reassurance

jl>l u^mcän pl-

medicament |
^ «Sä* 5 » "^^
jj-fc

aTI oKa certain, sure; firm

(reaolve);

imperative
y^J aqrnbädin composite y definite (desire); urgent,
'
'j-&p\ 'Um a-l-1- pharmaceutics, phar- (need); \if\ akidm certainly! surely!

macology mu'aitad certain, definite, sure;

jfj.
pharmaceutic(al)
Jjiljyl aqrabädini confirmed
of)
Jjl aqit cottage
cheeae jft, muta'akkid convinced (j.
cultivate (>
jüil iqlii look up alphabetically i/l akam i (oir) to plow, tili,

acclimate, acclimatize,
adapt, the land)
ül agfama to
to acclimatize (o.s.)
olMr pl. -«», !/l o*»™ plowman
adjust II to'aäiamo jS-l

04äS" a climate; area,

Jjl ijBm pl. «JUI
';/! «im pl- /' ukar baU ( f0r playÜlg)
administrative
region; province, district;
COUntry - LcjTI eizemä eczema
(med.)
district (£?.; = i;>); fJ^ 1

distinguished from the

provinces (as
ri Uil oä"oJ ii» X-rays
city)
regional, looal; lj^_Tl extra
Lil iqllmi cUmatic;
terri-
territorial |
3-JW .Ul (miyfiA)

r , fl oksiien oxygen
torial waters
cause to rust II to'ojv
juTI otsada to oxidize,
oJil igBd pl. -^ a i älid * ke y
sada to oxidize, rust,
become rusty
"
ijüdis 2 Euclid
i_l'.l
i_.ri uia« pl. V 6 1 a*ä** p oxide
«4*»«™' hypostasis,
pj
JI US nüm pl. pi«l
.,.; ^1 Oxford
divine person within
the Trinity (.Chr.); I

constitutive element ^~S I oksiien oxygen

(Chr.)
Zß\ (Gr. eixmv) iqüna icon _^_TI «Jcsir elixir

V'jiLäl uqyänüsiya
Oceania
^iT akuff I
see ^iT
oiMiB Akkadian
jjS"!
I
JTI aMa u (da, $1 'na'kal) to eat (. s.th.)

akädlmlya academy to eat up, consume, awallow, devour,

;_r jtf I

B.th.); to eat, gnaw <» at),

destroy (»
_. yS I oWäMr October
 '

eat away, corrode, erode

(» s.th.); to JjTb ma'iü/ eatable, edible
spend unlawfully (, s.th.), enrioh o.a.,
; pl. o V .TL
food, foodstuffs,
feather one's nest (* eatables, edibles
with) | _^jj| U» JS"I
V^J (dahru, lariba.) to be old
and wora J» l> m-u'äkil table companion
out, be timeworn;
LJI JTl (r*ä) to take JHi. ™«to-oMö and JTU.
usunous : mato -a£ a
intereat; , .-C ll
Jfj; .
| . ,
corroded; eroded; worn,
timewora; füll
ya'famu min oitm tu'kalu l.'kati/ he of cracks; rusty, rust-eaten
knows how to tackle the matter properly;
.JU. «Kl OiMuAfi) his skin
itched;
WJJ& I t'ißräj clergy (Chr.)
j JS"|
j" (foAn) to eat off a plate; «i.
JS"I *r-js&\ iUirüsiya clericalism
(Jajjais) to encroach lipon
s.o.'. rights
Sj&\ ikliriln cleric(al)
II and IV to give s.o. (.) s.th. (») to eat,
feed (» . s.o. s.th.) III to eat,
dine l fo£'l iklinilä clinical
(. with
s.o.) V to be devoured, be
consumed; to 5fl oia«, „L .*,
be eaten away, ffr ,
ikSmi j-,
uium>
corrode, undergo cor-
rosion; to become old,
mm, timewora,
ffr I äkäm (coli. p oltom) hü,, ^j..
heap, pile U.1^
füll of cracks; to be
| l. tfVI ,,_,_, („,„,
destroyed by cor- something's fishyl there
rosion VI V = than meets the eye
is more to it

J>l all food;

meal, repast; fodder
Jl iU pact, oovenant;
feed JfVI «i> gurfat al-a. dining blood relationship,
|
room; oonsanguinity
(es-) ^~JI JTl a. al-bahr land
washed
away by the sea or the Nile 'VI a-lä and U a-mö See
(as opposed "~ I o
to ^Jl
c> )
!
VI a£j see 'yi
JSl uhd, uld food; fruit | *jtTl JT to
bear fruit "Vlaiiä(=VulanZä)l e,t,that...not,in

aHa
«*"!

bite,
* pl.

morael
aioW( meal, repast; — «VI illä
order that

(- V
. . . not, so as not to

Ol inlä) unless,if
not; except,
save; (after negation:) only, but, not
OJIfl ulcäl prurigo, itch
(med.)
eruption until |
Ol VI Mä anna except that ...,
yet, however, nevertheless (also
X I
>US, JJ-I alil, Af I
aifii vora-
ducing main clauses); Ijl
VI illd
intro-'

idä
cious, gluttonous; hearty unless, if not; except
eater, gour- when; Vlj wa-Wä
mand, glutton (and if not =) otherwise, orelse;
y.j VI
illä wa-huwa (with a preceding
JST. ma'kal negation)
pl. JTC ma'äiiP food, unless he ..., except that he ...; j. L,
eats
Ol VI wa-mä hiya illä an (with following
Jf t to-aiM wear; corrosion; erosion verb in perf.) it was not long until ...;
teeo/.) presently, forthwith;
J~ ... Ol VI >L
'«'mä hiya illä an ... hatlä no sooner
JS"C" to'öfcui wear; corrosion; erosion
had he ... than ...,
(»eoi.) e.g.,
^ Ol VI
^ Li

J"* J~ (hamma) he had no sooner made

JSo'l i'«ifcj( erosion his plan than
(jeoi.) he carried it out
JS'Täiii eater
K-Vl alaski Alaska
iB* TöKfa gangrenous
sore uVI aläy and uVTöÜy pl. .« regiment
 ; ;

23 oilt

1
t_Jl alaba u i (alb) to gather, join forcea, compile, compose, write (a a book) V to
(J* * s.o. against) V to
rally II to incite be composed, be made up, conaist (j*
rally, band together, plot, conspire of); to be united, be combined VI to be
(J*
against) attuned to each other, be in tune, be

2
in harmony ; to harmonize (** with)
,_JVl Jl^r jibäl al-alb the Alps
VIII to be united, be Hnked, be connected

uU^l al-albän the Albaniana to be on familiär, intimate terma (u

UUI albäniyä Albania with); to form a coalition (pol.); to fit,

suit (« s.th.), go well, agree, harmonize

£1 abbreviation of »^-T Jl ilä äkirihl and
(*. with); to be well-ordered, neat, tidy
bo on, etc.
X to aeek the intimacy, court the friend-

jÄJl alladl, f. allati, pl. m. ^JJl alladina ahip (» of s.o.)

Jji

f. J^Jl alläti, ij\j\i\ allawäti, J^Jl allä'i

•Jei\ ilf pl. ö^l ulläf intimate; close
(relative pronoun} he who, that which;
friend, intimate, confidant; lover
who, which, that |
Jllj LdJ! j*j ba'da
l-lutayyä ÜJI ulfa familiarity, intimacy; friend-
wa-llati after lengthy dia-
ship, love, affection ; union, concord,
cussions, after much ado
harmony, congeniality
^r-ljJl (Fr. Alsace) alzäs 2 Alsace (region of
.JiJI alif familiär, intimate; tarne, do-
NE France)
meaticated (animal); friendly, amicable,
^Jl II to belittle, disparage J* s.o.) genial; (pl. .Ju^l alä'if 2 ) intimate, close
(

friend, asaociate, companion

1
Jei\ alj pl. J)_^i ulüf, Jj^T äläf thousand;
millennium LäJj^ Ö^Jl (mu'allafa) or
ö_jJI alüj familiär, intimate ; tarne,
[

"Jj- öV 1 thouaanda and thousands domesticated (animal) attached, devoted, ;

ÖjJ faithful
^1 olj-ip 'aSarät al-u. tens of thou-

sands; J>_^VI oll. mi'ät al-u. hundreds i_äJU ma'laf object of familiarity
of thousands
.Jütj ta'lif formation (e.g., of a govern-
JJl alfi; JJI .u. Cid) millennial cele-
ment); union, junction, combination {^>
bration, millenary
of separate things); literary work; com-
2
i_iJI alif name of the letter 4jL
positum, compilation, writing (of a book,
I
|
J[ -Jjl j*
of an article); (pl. .JJL" ta'ällf 2 *JaJ\y)
from beginning to end, from A to Z; ,

e»Lj 4iJI tjjju (wa-yaahü) he knows work, book, publication

it

from A to Z; »L Jl ABC i_äJ Ü ta'äluf harmony; familiarity,

3 intimacy, mutual affection; comradeship,

._JI a/t"/a a {alj) to be acquainted, familiär,
conversant camaraderie
(a with s.th.) ; to be on
intimate terms (a with s.o.); to he or get Ö^Wl i'tiläf concord, harmony; agree-
accustomed, used, habituated (a to); to ment (« with); union; coalition, entente
like (a s.th.), be fond of (a); to become (pol.)
tarne II to accustom, habituate (a t> s.o.
(j"iWl i'tiläfl coalition- (in Com-
to s.th.); to tarne, domesticate (* an
pounds) |
HJi^jl »j'jj coalition cabinet
animal); to form (a e.g., a committee,
a government); to unite, join, combine, i ÖjJU ma'lüf familiär, accustomed;
put together (y.j different things); to I
usual, customary; custom, usage
u&\ 24

<_Üj* mu'oU»/ pl. -ün author, writer;

— Lilil almäniya German character or
mu'aüaf composed, oonsisting, made up characteristios, Germanity

(j* of); written, compüed; (pl. -ät) book,

1 Jil\ alj
«Jl II to deify (• s.o.), make a god of s.o. (•)
publication; see also
V to bocome a deity, a godhead; to deify
JtRu muta'älif harmonious o.s.

jll alaqa » (dg) to shine, radiate, flash, <!l, »VI üäh pl. UT äliha god, deity,
glitter, gliaten V and VIII do. godhead

jil a&u? brightness, brilliance «*Vl ilaha pl. -ät goddess

&i\ alläq bright, shining, brilliant, ra-

^1, ^\ ildhi divine, of God; theo-
diant; glittering, flaehing, sparkling logical; ^L*VVI al-ilähiyät theological,

jilj ta*alluq glow, radiance, effulgence spiritual concems |

oL»VVI U- *ilm al-i.

theology
jlti roufa'atftg bright, shining, bril

liant, radiant dl aüäh Allah, God (as the One and

Only) U-UäM darruka exolamation
|
iija «ä
JjJ&\ elektröni electronic jjj&\ Ji* C«?0
|
of admiration and praise, see ja
electronic Computer
^1JI aMhumma God! |
Vi ^1 (iUä)
Ul alima a {alam) to be in pain, feel pain; unless, were it not that, except that, or
to suffer (<_j from s.th.) II and IV to
at best (afber a negative statement)
cause pain or suffering {• to s.o.), pain,
ijl jUI (idä) at leaßt if or when; if only;
ache, hurt (» b.o.) V = I; to complain
m ^\ (na'am) by God, yes! most
Jl alam pl. *VT äläm pain, ache, certainly

Buffering, agony «Jl—Ju fV' (nafsänlyä)

j
i»»j]l ulühiya divine power, divinity
mental agony; fV^I £^-1 ««61** oZ-ö.
*jlj ta'Uh deification, apotheosis
Passion Week {Chr.)

*JT älih (pagan) god

Jl o/tm aching, sore; aad, grievous,
painful, ezcruciating ; hurting UT äliha pl. -ät goddess

Jlj ta'aÜum Sensation of pain, pain, ^T älihi divine

ache
«jU. muta'aÜih divine, heavenly
iy mu'lim aching, painful; sad, griev-
OjA^l etc., see o>*V
ous, distressing

Jli. muta'aüim aching, painful; in

l
(J\) V alä u to neglect or fail to do, not to

do (j s.th.), desist, refrain (j from

pain, suffering, deeply afflicted ; tonnented
s.th.) |
j lOf». jJl V (jahdan) he will go
"*VI ilä-ma see Jl to any length, he spares no effort, goes

out of his way for IV to swear J* jT |

^lii almäa [al sometimes interpreted as
ül 4—Jü he promised himself that he ...
definite article) diamond
OÜ ila oath
üli^l al-almän the Germans

almäni German; (pl. -an, ülil al*

^T (Fr. haUo) hello!
Jlil

man) a German Ljyll oiümjnyd and t^Ujl! alüminyam alu-

Ulli almäniyä Germany

 25 ,1

1
JI ilä (prep.) to, toward; up to, as far as; pl umm pl. 0I+J ummahät mother;
tili, until; öl Jl (conj.) until j tj^\ Jl source, origin ; basis, foundation ; original,

(äkiriki) and bo forth, et cetera; JJi Jl original Version (of a book); the gist,
beaidea, moreover, furthermore, in ad- essence of s.th.; pl. oL^—l matrix
dition to that ; o* Jl tili tomorrow (typ.) j
jd-\ pl u. al-kibr cuttlefish, squid;

»LÄJUI Jlgood-by! iläma

(liqä') j-J-i pl u. al-hasan {magr.) nightingale
fl\
(— U up to where? how far? ^- Jl
Jl) Jjü-I pl u. al-kulül river mussei (zool.)\

tili when? how long? jJUI ('annt) ^ jl.j.a pl u. durmän Omdurman (city in

get away from me away with you ! central Sudan, oppoaite Khartoum); pl

<iJJi >JU Jl (jänibid.) beaidea, moreover, ^0 1

J I «. ar-ra's skull, brain ; cerebral

in addition to that; Ol Jl l-U moreover, membrane, meningea; ,>*jjIj £j' r' u <

r
furthermore; *iüi j* Jl (gairid.) and the ar6a uw-ar&a'tn centipede; üf* pl u.

like; <Jl L-j and the like, et cetera; iamla(ta) this world, the worldly pleas-

t>J (wa-man) and other people

(rt-ll) *r" ures; ,>*!! pb 6»-u. ü-*o»n or *^* pb with
like that; iUi (addressing the reader) one's own eyes; üT^ill pl and ^Ußl pl the
now here you have ...; here ia (are) ...; firBt aura of the Koran; (^_^JI pl u. al-qurä

following is (are) ..., e.g., U ^jUJl Jlj Mecca; ^L^Ji pl also: the original text

in the following, the reader will find of the Book from which Koranic revela-

what . .
. ; Ij^I Jl Jl j* -r
1
^' (uslüb tion derivea; the unconteated portionB
'ibräni) a etyle of Hebrew approximating of the Koran; ^J>\ A u. al-wafan capital,
Arabic; Vj i-i» Jl V neither thia
illj Jl metropolia; iol^A-l oL^I the most im-
way nor that way, belonging to neither portant eventa ; Ctjjl- cl^l matrix (typ.) 1

group; iUI j-^/l it's up to you, the JjLJ.1 0I4J the main problems; oL^.1
deciaion is yours JJLüJl the principal virtuea

V^/T ö/ä* (pl. of Jl ilan) benefita, bless- i»l umma pl. p*l umam nation, people;

ings generation | x+£- Mohammed's Com-

i-l

munity, the Mohammedans; I-wdl >"^fl

*<Jl alya, üya pl. alayät fat tau (of a aheep); (muftoAtäa) the United Nations
buttock
ij\ umm» maternal, motherly;illiterate
oLJl iliyäßa Iliad uneducated; (pl. -ün) an illiterate

J
pl am or? (introducing the aecond member L*i ummiya ignorance; illiteraoy; aee
3
of an alternative queation)
also under jj*\
i

^\ umami international
a i-l
ama pl. »LI tmä*, £j\j*\ amawät bond-
maid, slave girl
a*j»\ umüma motherhood; motherli-
ness, maternity
8
pl amma u (amm) to go, betake o.a., repair
— pl.1 amäma (prep.) in front of; in the
(>toa place), go to see (• s.o.); (i*L1
preaence of pl-lH Jl (amämi) to the
imäma) to lead the way, lead by one'a J

front, forward, onward, ahead; Jsj i

example (« s.o.); to lead (» s.o.) in prayer;
he had no other
— (Ä*jJ umüma) to be or become a
jl V' *»L.I (iWä an)
alternative but to ...; *»L-I ^ij (tuaqafa)
mother II to nationalize {* s.th.) V to
to oppose, resist, 8 top, check s.th.
go, betake o.a., repair (* to a place), go
to see (• a.o.) VIII to follow the example iji,\ amämi front, fore-, anterior, for-

(^ of a.o.) ward, foremost |

*-*UI «LäJ (nu<#a) outpost
 26

l«Ut imäm pl. ü I a'imma imam, aet o.a. up as lord and master; to behave
prayer leader ; leader ; master ; plumb like an emir; to assume an imperious
line attitude; to be imperious, domineering
VI to take counsel, deliberate together,
l*Ll imäma imamah, function or office
confer, consult with each other; to plot,
of the prayer leader; imamate; leading
conspire (Je against) VIII to deliberate,
Position; precedence
take counsel (i_> about); to conspire, plot,
-jü tamim pl. -dt nationalization
hatch a plot (l-> against s.o.) | »^L _^i*l

to carry out s.o.'a ordera

1
l_*t a-mä see \ a
j*\ amr 1. pl. jjjl axuämir2 order,
*LI ammä (with foll. Ji /a) as to, as for, as
command, Instruction <l-» to do s.th.);
far as... is concerned; but; yet, how-
ordinance, decree; power, authority;
ever, on the other hand | Om LI (ba'du) r
{gram.) imperative | JU j>\ ( älin) royal
(a formular phrase linking introduction r
decree (formerly, Eg.); al\y)
J» _^.\ (
and actual subject of a book or letter,
decree, edict of the Bey (formerly,
approx.:) now then,..., now to our
Tun.); tJjJli _^\ ordinance having the
topic: ...
force of law {Tun.); ^S\j ^Vl (wa-n-
a Ll immä if ; Llj — LI be it — or, either — nahy) pl. ,yl>Jlj j»\fi\ (lit. : command
or (also j\ — LI) and interdiction, i.e.) sovereign power;
füll power(s), supreme authority; -L.
jy _^\
jjl»l^>.l imbarätür emperor (delivery) order (com.); i\_^\ c^ at your

^ j_jt»l^-l imbarätüri imperialxst(ic) disposal, at your Service. — 2. pl. jjj

umür matter, afTair, concern, business |

*iJj^'-^»' imbarätüriya empire, im-

*Jlj j*\ (accomplished) fact; J»jj** j*\
perium; imperialism
common knowledge; j»*i\ Jjl j at first,

jw.1 ambtr pl. ^oLI amäbir* ampere (d.) in the beginning; L ^-V (amrin) for
some reason or other; tiH-Lf* ^-Vl ,^1
(5—*! imbiq = J-«l isn't it so? iUoT j-VIj LI (ammä wa-l-

C_J om< crookedness, curvedness, curvation, amru) things being as they are, there will,

curvature; weakness no doubt, . ..; j*\ j* ^£j \^t (min amrin)

whatever may happen; however things
•ul amad pl. jLT ämäd end, terminus, may be; ^j-l ,>j jm he has two pos-
extremity; period, Stretch or span of sibüities (or alternatives); ,^ÄJ! ^^1 which
time, time; distance | 0-w .ul JL» for a (introducing a relative clause the ante-
long time (past); -uVl j*-ü short-dated; cedent of which is another clause); ,^-iJ
of short duration, short-lived ; short- qudiya amruhü
tj*\ it's all over with him;
term in the latter and similar phraaes, »^\ is a
frequent paraphrase of "he"
j*\ amara u (amr) to order, command, bid,
instruct (• s.o. »_j to do s.th.), commission, j*\ immar aimple-minded, stupid
charge, entrust (• s.o. i_> with s.th. or to

do s.th.); — amara, amura v (»jLt

ij»\ imra power, influence, authority,
command |
«J^l c-£- under hia command
imära) to become an emir II to invest
with authority, make an emir (• s.o., äjLI amära pl. -ät, JU amä'ir 2 sign,

J» over) III to ask s.o.'s (•) advice, token, indication, Symptom, mark, char-
consult (• s.o.) V to come to power; to acteristic
 j"

JjLI tnwSra position or rank of an j-t ia'ämur Joint conaultation, counsel,

emir; princely bearing or manners; prin- deliberation, Conference; plot, conspiracy
cipality, emirate; authority, power j
!jL*l
jltjj'l i'timär deliberation, counsel, Con-
j»JI i. al-bahr offioe or Jurisdiction of an
ference; plot, conspiracy
admiral, admiralty; jl> J»-U c>ljL*l (*.
IjLil-i isti'mära (frequently written
*, 'umdn) Truoial Oman
IjUx-l) form, blank
1
jul omfr pl. »1^.1 umariJ' Commander;
jA ämir Commander; lord, master;
prince, emir; title of princes of a ruling
orderer, purchaser, customer, client
house; tribal chief ^111 j^\ (aläy) Com- |

mander of a regiment
|

(formerly, Eg.;
^Ut ^1 absolute master, vested with
unlimited authority
approx.: colonel; aa a naval rank,
approx.: oaptain); »l^lfl jJ\ approx.: jjAa ma'mür commissioned, oharged;
major general (Tun,); jU«JI .>•! (Eg. commissioner; civil officer, official, esp.,

1939) approx.; admiral, jUJl »l_^l jJ? one in executive capacity; the head of
(Eg. 1939) approx.: fleet admiral; j*\ a markaz and qxsm (Eg.) |
(j^JjJi jjA*
j*Ji\ a. al-bahr admiral (when referring to commissioner of police ; « xLcül jjA*
a non-Arab officer of this rank; Eg. 1939 (tafliaa) receiver (in bankruptcy; jur.);

approx.: vice-admiral) ; ./Till j*J\ _^*l i5^i-l jjXt m. al-haraka traffic manager
or Ji*Vl jUJl j-J fleet admiral (when (railroad); Li-adl j_yi» m. at-ta^fiya re-

referring to a non-Arab officer of this ceiver (in equity, in bankruptcy; jur.)

rank); »IjJII j*J a. al-liwä* (Ir,, since
<UjA* ma'müriya pl. -ät order, In-
1933) brigadier; <_JI .1^ j»\ a. I <U-
struction; errand; task, assignment, mis-
'assa commandant of the Bey's palace
sion; commission; commissioner's office,
guard {formerly, Tun.); j^-*JJ-' j**' °- a '-
administrative branch of a government
mu'mintn Commander of the Faithful,
agency, e.g., SJLi» <ijj^ (qadä'iya)
Caliph
judicial commission charged with Juris-

*j^\ amira pl. -ät princese diction in outlying communities (Eg.)

^j^\ amiri (and D ^j* miri) gov- üjjJi* muiaämirün conspirators, plot-

ernmental), state-owned, State, public ters

]

iSj^ ^jl (<w£) government land [Syr,); <Jjj£j* mu'tamirün conspirators, plot-
4jj^*Vl «*-Lll government presa ters; members of a congresa, Convention,

jL*l ammär constantly urging, always or Conference, conferaes

demanding (lj to do a.th.); inciting, in- j£ja mu'tamar pl. -ät Conference; Con-
stigating | «^Jb SjL^i <r£l\ (nafs, au) vention, congress | «LJI j&y m. a$-
the baser seif (of man) that inoites to evil &ulh peace Conference

jj-t ta'mür soul, mind, Bpirit; peri-

i}j*\ II taamraka to become Americanized,
cardium (anat.) jj*\d\ t-^Lpl pericar-
\
adopt the American way of life, imitate
ditis (med.)
the Americans
tj*\}* mu'ämara pl. -ät deliberation,
'JjJS taamruk Americanization
counsel, Conference; plot, conspiracy
^J^l amarillis amaryllis (bot.)
j*\j ta'ammur imperiousnesB, domi-
neeringneBs;imperious deportment, over- 1^j^*l amrikä (formerly, also Uj^J) America]
bearing manners ojii-l ^ij* 1 (janvbiya) South America
 ; ;

^ 28

JJj-l amriki American; (pl. -ün) an ^y\ amuna u (üLl amäna) to be faithful, re-
American liable, trustworthy; — amina a (amn, uUl
üKjj-VI al-amrikän the Americans amän) to be safe, feel Bafe (j* or *from)
II to reassure (» s.o.), set s.o. 's (•) mind
JKj^.1 amrikäni American; (pl. -ün)
at rest; to asaure, ensure, safeguard,
an American
guarantee, Warrant, bear out, oonfirm,
^1 amsu (but acc. L—l amsan) the day corroborate (J*, * s.th.); to insure
past, yesterday ; the immediate past, (3tjl-\ U against fire); to entrust (• to
recent time; — amsi (adv.) yesterday; s.o., J*s.th.); to say "amen" (J*to s.th.)

recently, lately, not long ago |

^—VIj IV to believe (*_> in) VIII to trust (• s.o.),

bi-l-amsi yesterday; not long ago; (>r

-l have confidence, have faith (« in); to
6j}\ amsi l-awwal two days ago, the entrust
(J* * s.o. with, to s.o. s.th.)

day before yesterday X = VIII; to ask for protection, for

*_— umsiya ^Ll amä&iy ä promise of security, for indemnity

( pl. -ät, eve-
(. s.o.)
ning
<yl amn safety; peace, security, pro-
fbjwJ amstirdäm Amsterdam r
tection |
j»Ul j-VI (
ämm) public safe-

jw.1 amJir the sizth month of the Coptic ty J ü*^' JLitj tfl e police

calendar üUI amän security, safety; peace

ul imma' and «*>l ivnma'a characterless

shelter, protection ; clemency ,
quarter

person; Opportunist, timeserver (mil.); safeguarding, assurance of pro-

tection; indemnity, immunity from pun~
J*l amoZa u {amal) to hope {* or *_> for),
ishment üUI
| Äüi j (a valedictory phrase)
entertain hopes (» or u of) II to hope; in God's protection!
to ezpect (<> a s.th. of s.o.); to raise
^..l amin pl. »L.I umanä'* reliable,
hopes {• in s.o.), hold out hopes (« for
trustworthy, loyal, faithful, upright, hon-
s.o.), give ( s.o.) reason to hope or
est; safe, secure; authorized representa-
expeot | \j<*- *L\ (kairan) tolet s.o. hope
tive or agent; tnistee; gnarantor (J* of);
for the best V to look attentively (*, j
chief, head ; Superintendent, curator,
at), regard, contemplate (a, j s.th.);
custodian, guardian, keeper; chambcr-
to meditate; to consider, think over,
lain; master of a guüd (Tun.); {mil.)
ponder (*, j s.th.), reflect {*, j on)
approx.: quartermaster-sergeant {Eg.
J*l amal pl. JUT ämäl hope, expec- 1939) JjVt Cr/Vl {awwal) Lord Chamber-
|

tation (J of s.th., also ^) |

^JS* JJ lain (formerly, at the Eg. Court); j^S~
fallacious hope »L.VI approx.: Chief Master of Ceremo-

J*U ma'mal pl. J*L ma'ämü1 hope niea (ibid.); ö_^U ,>*' a al-makzan ware-
-

house Superintendent; stock clerk; ^-1

J*U ta'ammid pl. -ät consideration
oontemplation
üjjl j* a. rirr ad-daula and ^1 ,>-.!
; pl. C>^L*L" meditations
a. as-sirr permanent secretary of state
J*T ämü hopeful (Syr.) ; JjX^JI ^*l a. as-pundüq and
mu'ammü hopeful JUI ,j*J treasurer; cashier; *r*Ull ^^1
J*_P
mayor (esp. Ir.); *U ^J (
r
ämm) sec-
J_pU ma'mül hoped for, expected
retary general; i_-i£il ^*l a. al-maktab
Jrfti* muta'ammil contemplative, med* (formerly) a subaltern rank in the Eg.
itative, reflective; pensive, wistful, musing navy (1939)
 -
;;

20

j\J ämin amen! 1

ül an (conj.) that; — in 1. (conj.) if; jlj
Mxx-»n although, even though, even if;
üL.1 amäna reliability, trustworthiness

loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, fealty; in-

ü\j — Ol be it — or (be it); Vi iüä

good (= V üi) look up alphabetically 2. (par-

tegrity, honesty; confidence, trust,
ticle) not, esp. in the phrase Vi j* öl
faith; deposition in trust; trusteeship;
(pl. -ät) s.th. deposited in trust, a de-
tn Auu« tZ2ä (f. VI ^ ul) it is nothing but,

ÄjUl
it is no more than
posit, trust, charge; secretariat |

JjOi^aJI a. a$-fiundüq treasury department : jl

anno (conj.) that; <\ U 6»-mä annaAü
öl* ULI ('ämma) secretariat general
since he (it), because he (it); *Jl
J* 'ald
ollLVI üjit makzan al-a. baggage check annahü while he (it), whereas he (it);
room introducing a main clause: however,
j^U mtCman place of safety, safe place yet; <jl illij that is to say, namely, to

<j*.Jj tamln securing, protection; assur-

wit; — inna (intensifying particle in-
troducing a nominal clause) verily,
ance ; safeguarding reassurance ensuring
; ;

truly (in most cases not translated in

guaranty, warranty; security, surety; in-
English)
surance | ,^£»-1 ir*v (ijtimä'i) social

security; JjjJ-l -U* ijwu ($idda) fire in- Le 1 innamä but, but then ; yet, how-
ever; rather, on the oontrary
surance; *Li-l
J* jJb (AoyäA) life insur-

ance
3
jl anna i (jol anin, äUü ta'nän) to groan,
ülcl imän faith, belief {<_j in)
moan at)
(j,-

uUjüI i'timän trust, confidence; credit anna

Äjl pl. -ät moan, groan oLaTj |
oljl

uLSL-1 isttmän trust, confidence wails and laments

^.i ömtn peaceful ^rjl anin plaintive sound, wail; groan,

moan(ing)
Oj-U ma'mün reliable, trustworthy

4-L ^^ mw'amman 'alaihi insured

mu'min believing, faithful; be- ijlil anänl egotistic; egoistio(al), self-

j*j*
liever ish

y:j* mu'laman entrusted J* with) ÄJUl anäniya egoism, selfishness

(

confidant; sequestrator (jur.)

Jj^UVl al-anädül Änatolia
^j-^lJ omnibua omnibus, bus
^Ulil anänäs pineapple
1
t5_f
amawi of
*l or like a bondmaid or hand-
._Jl II to blame, censure, reprehend, up-
maid
braid (• s.o.)

%
<S_y\ umawi Ommiad (adj.)
<_-ufc la'nib blame, censure, rebuke
Ä-.1 _jj banü umayya the Ommiads
Ul (pronounced ambä) Abba, a high ecclesi-

LjI amibä amoebae astic title of the Coptic Church, preceding

the names of metropolitans, bishops,

J'^J amiräl admiral
patriarchs, and sainte (< Äßßä)
tT>*l, «5*^*1 amerikä, amerika America
jUI anbär pl. _rUl anäbir 2 , jv\j\ anäbir 2 ware-
iJljw! amiräliya admiralty house, storehouae, storeroom
 30

,-ilJl (Turk. onbagi) onbaai a mil. rank: cor- _r

(
JjJ*i' 1 al-andalus Spain

poral (formerly, Eg.); ^Lil J-Tj approz.:

L_JjAjI indüniaiyä Indonesia
private first class (Eg.)

i_^jl, <u_^ see i_J ^jjl anisa a and anusa u (uns) to be com-
panionable, sociable, nice, friendly, ge-
ij7
ü\ inblq alembic
nial; o ^1 to like s.o. 's Company, like to

cJ\ anta, f. anti thou, you (2nd pers. sing.); be together with s.o.; to be or get on
pl. m. jjl antum, f. ^jl antunna you intimate terms (_.> or Jl with s.o.);

(2nd pers. pl. and poüte form of address); to be used, accustomed, habituated (Jl

dual £1 antumä both of you to); to perceive, notice, find (* a quality,

j, j* in s.o.); to sense, feel, make out,

Ijjl anta-dä it's you!
recognize (* s.th., j in, at) [
«ij^A- ^1
oUtSwul antikkäna museum (li-haditihi) to like to listen to s.o. II to

put at ease to tarne ; III to be friendly, nice

iSJül an/ifca pl. -ät (eg.) old, old-fashioned,
(» to s.o.); to entertain, amuse (e> s.o.)
outmoded
IV to keep s.o. {•) Company; to en-
jj*Jül anlimün antimony tertain, delight, amuse (* s.o.); to per-
ceive, discern, make out (with the eyes;
iiJl anuta u (o»jl uTiwia) to be or become fem-
a s.th.); to sense (* s.th.); to find, see,
inine, womanly, womanish, effeminate
make
notice, observe, e.g., öLiSüi «lj ^T he saw
II to make feminine; to effeminate,
that he was duly qualified, that he was a
effeminate; to put into the feminine form
capable man V to become incarnate (Son
(gram.) V to hecome feminine (also gram.)
of God) X to be sociable, companionable;
^jjl untä pl. ÜjI inät, jUl anätä fem- to get on familiär terms, become inti-
inine; female; a female (of animals); mate; to become tarne; to be friendly,
s
öLiJ Jl al-untayän the testicles nice, kind (o to s.o.) ; to accommodafce o.s.,

^jijl untawx womanly, female, women's accustom o.s., settle down; to be familiär,

(in Compounds); effeminate, womanish famüiarize o.s., acquaint o.s. (<_j or Jl

with); to inform o.s., gather Information
SjjJ I unüta femininity, womanlineas
(>_j ahout); to take into consideration,
ijjlj tarnt the feminine, feminine form take into account, bring into play (<—•

(gram.) s.th.), draw upon s.th. (<~>); to listen

(J to s.th.), heed (^ an opinion)

iJJ* mu' annal (gram.) feminine (adj.)

antröbölöjiyä anthropology .Jl uns sociability; intimacy, famili-

\-?rj}_y jjv\ m

arity, friendly atmosphere

^Ljil inj äs (syr.) pear
üH (ka'b) talus, inner
uH' =

IJÜLf I (It. Inghilterra) ingillerä England anklebone (anat.)

j\Lf*^l al-ingülz the English ^1 ins (coli.) man, mankind, human

English; Englishman race
tijJj^l ingdlizi

^Jl insi human; human being

J-jtfl injil pl. Jj--LjI anäjil 2 gospel

J-atl tn;'i& evangelical; evangelist

^U näs (coli.) and ^Ul unäs people

LLf I injiliya evangelical creed 0«-»L3 näaüt mankind, humanity

 ^»Ijl anäexy (pl.) people, human beings, put a.o.'a noae out of Joint; *_üVi V-L-

humans etuck-up, haughty, proud

a-x>\ anis close, intimate; close friend; Jjl anfi nasal

friendly, kind, affable, civil, polite, cour-
Uu\ anafa pride; rejection; diadain
teous
(j- of s.th.)
üL-jl insän man, human being | oL-jl
<Jtjj\ anüf proud, haughty, stuck-up,
^r-JI ». al-'ain pupil (of the eye)
eupercilioua, diadainful
ÜL-ji insäna woman
i_j ÜJ£-I isti'näf fresh atart, recom-
(jL-jl tn«än» human humane humani-
; ;
mencement, renewal, reaumption, re-
tarian, philanthropist
opening (also, of a legal case); appeal
«jLil insäniya humanity, humaneness; (jur.) |
ULüJ fjJ (qaddama) to appeal,
politeness, civüity; mankind, the human make an appeal (jur.)

race
jüj£-1 isti'näf i of appeal, appellate;
LJlj* mu'änasa intimacy, famüiarity, L#Lil-l isti'näfiyan by appeal
friendlineaa, geniality, cordiality; aocia-
JuT änif preceding, above |
jföJI »J»jT
bility; conviviality
(dikr) preceding, above, above-mention-
^UjI Inas exhilaration ; friendlineaa, ed; LöjT änifan previously, above, in the
geniality ; famüiarity, intimacy, cordi- foregoing
ality; sociability
uJcSja mu'tanaf primordial, virginal
(jJlJ ta'annus incarnation (Chr.) atate; beginning

^ÜUI Vtinäs social life, sociability

U'jm\ (Fr. Anvers) anvers Antwerp (city in
i-jTänisapI. ~ät, (jJljl awänis2 young N Belgium)
lady, miss
1 JrjJ-ül influuxinzä influenza, grippe
,j->>U ma'nüs familiär, accuatomed
jjl aniqa a to be neat, trim, smart, spruce,
(j-Ju—* mustanis tarne
comely, pretty; to be happy (i_> about),
Jti\ (Engl.) m£inch be delighted (i_> by) IV to please (* s.o.) |

»^1 <ÜJj (iai'u) he likes the thing

<j*-jijl (It. acciuga) anlfüga (eg.) anchovy
V to apply o.a. eagerly and meticulously
*-TlLil anfäkiya2 Antioch (ancient city in (j to) ; to be meticuloua, fastidious,

Syria; now Antakya, in S Turkey) finical; to be chic, elegant

4*Ll I anäqa elegance

jrj)jkü\
(
onfölöji ontologic(al) (philo*.)

Jjl aniq neat, trim, spruce, comely,

»J»jl anifa a (anaf) to diadain, acom (j* s.th.,,
pretty; elegant, chic
öl to do 8.th.); to reject haughtily
(a a.th.) X to reaume, renew, recommence 3j anüq Egyptian
I vulture (Neophron
(* a.th.); (jur.) to appeal (* a aentence) percnopterua) |
3jl^\ Ä^ i ^ je-\ a'azz 2
min baidi l-a. (lit. : rarer than the egga
»Jül anf pl. jliTänä/, dy\ unüf noae;
of a vulture, i.e.) approx.: scarcer than
epur (of a mountain); pride *J6\
\ Jj
hens' teeth (proverbially for s.th. rare)
ragma anfiht in defiance of him, to apite
him; <stj\ jS" (anfahü) to humiliate s.o., JJÜ ta'annuq elegance
 32

jiy, mu'niq, £y müniq pretty, come- •Ul inä* pl. «Jl äniya, uljl awänin
ly, winsome, nice, pleasing vessel, Container, receptacle fUUI <S\
]

ä. af-ta'äm table Utensils, dishes; mess kit

j»ti* muia'anniq chic, elegant
jfc Ut annin slowness, deliberateness
*jjj\ anqara Ankara
oll* muta'annin slow, unhurried, de-
(j-J-iil a^olis eel Uberate

dii I änwfc lead (metal)

a
jl annä (interrog. part.) where ... from?
why is it that...? why? where? (place
^jli&l inkiSäri pl. -iya Janizary and direction) ; how? wherever; how-
ever | . . . V I <J Jl 3 (allä) and why shouldn't
IJ*J&I, *JüS^jl (It. InghiÜerra) ingilterä, in*
he ... ?
giltera England
ü_j—jl anlsün, j^-Jl aniseed
üf*SL*j!£ji ^ al-anglosaksün the Anglo - Saxons
I

<Jj~SL~j}&'^\ al-anglosaksüniya Anglo- L*Ji anlmiyä anemia | O *ij**- L*-jl perni-

Saxondom cious anemia (med.)

»T aki! IaT ähanf (interj.) oh!

>J&^I al-ingliz the Engliah

(j;>Jd inglizi English; Englishman ^1 II to prepare, make ready, equip (J *, *

s.o., s.th. for) y to be ready, be pre-
^pd&l ankalis eel
pared; to prepare o.s., get ready; to

j»U^I ai-anäm and fl^i (coli.) mankind, the equip o.s., be equipped (J for)

human race LaI uhba pl. ,_-*! uhab preparation,

preparedness, readiness, alertness; equip-
rj>jt\ unmüdaj model, pattern; type, ei-
ment, outfit, gear | ^>J-\ LaI u. al-harb
ample; sample, specimen
miütary equipment; h»-J\ La! J* ready
j^cl anamün anemone {bot.) toset out; jl-Ui-Vl LaI J* fully prepared;
on the alert (mil.) ; *i~*\ -U-l to make one's
*JI anä i to mature, become ripe; to draw preparations, get ready
near, approach, come (esp. time) |
jl <J Jl
»_jL»I ihäb skin, hide
it is (high) time that he; esp. in negative

Statements: üb Jl a-lam ya'ni? isn't it i_— *U taahkub preparedness, readiness;

about time ...1 V to act slowly, proceed (pl. -ät) preparation
unhurriedly, bide one's time, be patient
<_**U* mula'akhib ready, prepared
X to take one's time, hesitate (j in,

with); to wait JaI ahala u i (J_y>l uhül) to take a wife, get

married; — ahila a to be on familiär
anan änä' (span of) time,
Ji pl. »ul
terms (i~> with); — pass. ukila to be in-
period j
JJI »LiT j (laili) all night long;
habited, be populated (region, place)
jL(Jl J)\Jf\j JJI »UT änä'a l-laili wa-
II to make fit or suited, to fit, qualify
afräja n-nahär by day and by night
(J a, * s.o., s.th. for); to make possible
SUI anäh deliberateness ; perseverance, (a J for s.o. s.th.), enable (* <J s.o. to do
patience |
SU VI J_jt fül al-a. long-suffer- s.th.), make accessible (> J to s.o. s.th.);
ing, great patience; 3UVI ^j* long-suffer- to welcome (i_j s.o.) "V to be or become
ing (adj.) fit, suited, qualified (J for s.th.) ; to
 « ,;

33

take a wife; to marry, get married X to J*U— muata'hU worthy, deserving, mer-
deserve, merit {* s.th.), be worthy (* of) iting; entitled

J»l ahl pl. -an, JUI ahälin relatives, pi-UI ihlllaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of
folke, family; kin, kinsfolk; wife; (with Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.); ellipse
foll. genit.) people, members, followere, (geom.)
adherents, possessore, etc.; inhabitants;
^^nJUaI ihlilaji elliptic(al)
deserving, worthy (J of s.th.); fit, suited,

qualified (J for); pl. ü>Vt, JUVI the j\ au or; (with foll. subj.) unless, exoept
natives, the native population |
CjJI J»l that
a. al-bait members (of the house, i.e.)
1
(»_jjI) <-S\ äba u (aub, öjl aufta, t_jLI iyäb)
of the family; the Prophet's family;
to return ; t-» <_jT to catch , contract
jloJl J»l the people living in the house;
auffer, incur s.th., be in for s.th., be left
*iji-\ J»l a. al-kirfa people of the trade;
with, got one's share of
<JtU-l J»l a.al-hilf people pledged by oath,
members of a sworn confederacy; J»l Vj' <ß ü- m * n kuM* anbin from all

*_^i-'l o. al-Jpibra people of experience, sides or directions; <-?_y*j *->-*'

\f ü-
experts; <k—ÄJl J»l a. as-safsafa Soph- (wa-vaubin) do.
ists; <: 11
J»l o. as-aunna the adherents ÄjjI auba return
of the Sunna, the Sunnis; jj)\j j-dl J*l
a. ai-maaar uw-Z-wa6ar the resident pop- t-jljl i'yöfc return { LLIj LUi dahäban
ulation and the nomads; IaU-^JI J»l o.
wa-iyäban there and back ; back and

al-wajäha people of rank and high social forth, up and down

standing; "}*+-_> "^*l aAZan wa-sahXan wel- uU ma'äb place to which one returns;
come! iil> }Ul aAlan ftiia welcome to (used as verbal noun:) return | «-»Lj >_j>*^
you! J*--j J*l
Ujl^ j *J he is a welcome Coming and going
guest in our house
2
>_jT look up alphabetically
J»l ahli domestic, family (adj.); na-
tive, resident ; indigenous ; home, na- I
y jl and I j- j\ (It. opera) ffpwd opera
tional { J»l d-bj national bank (Eg.); ^>j>- opera houae
i-UI (harb) civil war; 5-1*1 5*£s£ (mahkama)
C-jyji (Fr.) öp»ret operetta
indigenous court (Eg.); J»^M »LääJI (qatfä*)

Jurisdiction of indigenous courts; r-^V Cjj\ (Ft. aoül) August (month; magr.)
J»V' (t'niä;) domestic production; ijüj
wakf tri^j' (Fr. (tutobus) oiobla autobus, bus
J»l {uag /) family
1

ÄjUI akliya aptitude, fitness, suitable- J»I_ht_»Jj' (Fr.) otogräf pl. -öf autograph
ness, competence; qualification | LUV
,jMj*jjjI otüqräfi autocratic
3J_jjUJI the civil rights; i-L*"V' J-T le-

gally competent ; Li* V '

f ** legally incom- JlöUjJjl (Fr.) otomätikX automatic
petent, under tutelage
J-ij-yjji (Fr-) o(om&iJ automobile
J*T ähil and Jj*u ma'AüJ inhabited,
populated (region, place) Jjjl (Fr.) öfej pl. -ät hotel

Zj"$Mj* muakkilät qualifications, abil-

^jl au; highest point, acme, pinnacle; cul-
ities, aptitudes
mination, climax; apogee (astron.); peak
J*ti* muiä'akkü married (fig.; of power, of fame)
 34

»T äh albumen, eggwhite 4t\ äfa pl. -ät härm, hurt, damage, ruin, bane,
evil; epidemic, plague; plant epidemio
O <>*-T ähin albumin
<J»_jJ- ma'üf stricken by an epidemio
(jjl) jT äda u (aud) to bend, flex, curve,
crook (* a.th.); to bürden, oppress, weigh Jjjijl (Engl.) oviröl Overalls
down (» s.o.); — Jjl awida a (aivad) to
*(iij') jT äjo u to bring a.o. (J*) bad luck,
bend to be bent V to bend ;
; to bow
cause diacomfort or hardship (J* to)
ibjl auda bürden, load
II to bürden (» s.o.) with a.th. unpleas-
ij\ awad: »jjL flj to provide for b.o.'s ant, troubleaome or difficult
needs, stand by s.o. in time of need;
2
*sj\ see i#l
ajjl flil (awadahü) do.; tosupports.o.,fur-
nish s.o. with the means of Bubsiatence 3 ^lijl uwaiqät (dimin. of OÜjl) short timea;

uwär heat, blaze; thirst

good times
j\j\

IjjjI urubbä Europe u-^j'» u^>Wj' ojtyöni«, ogiyänüs ocean

jjjl urubbi European *Jj\ üqiya pl. -ötf ounce, a weight of varying
magnitude (Eg.: 37.44 g; Aleppo 320 g;
J-ljjl üruialim* Jerusalem
Jerusalem 240 g; Beirut 213.3 g)
&jj\ (= iLjl) urfa pl. .Ujl ura^ battalion
jjjjlTjl (Fr. occasion) okazyön Clearing sale,
(formerly, Eg.; mtl.)
special sale
(jl^ijjl uruguwäy Uruguay
Lil^^Sjl ukräniyä Ukraine
IJLfjjl (It.) orkesträ orchestra
J^^Sj\ (Fr. oxygene) oksizen oxygen
iLijjl (Turk. örnek) urnik pl, dJLjijl aräniJc*

sample, specimen; model, pattern; form,

(Jjl) JT äla u (aul, JU ma'äl) to return, re-
vert (Jf to); to go back, be attributed, be
blank
attributable (Jl to), spring, derive (Jl
IjjjjI urubbä, IjjjjI Europe from) ; to lead, conduce, tend Jl to),
(

Ujjjl uru&&» European result eventually (Jl in); to come or go

eventually (Jl to a.o.), paas into the
^[>»-jj_jl ürüguwäy Uruguay
hands of (Jl) |
Jl y$\ JT the long and

Jjl II (eg.) to ridicule (J* s.o.), make fun of the short of it was that . .
. ; Jl ÖLU.I o jT

s.o. (ma^äfu) he eventually got to the point

(J.)
where ... II to interpret, explain (* a.th.)
jjl iwazz (coli.; n. un.) goose, geese
JT äl family, relatives, kinsfolk, clan;
,j*T ä« myrtle; see also alphabetically
companions, partiaans, people; mirage,
L'ljwjl uafurdütyä Australia fata morgana

<jT äla pl. -ät Instrument, Utensil; tool;

IjjwjI (It.) austnyä Austria
apparatus; device, implement, appliance;
^Ljl Oslo machine | LrX\
£>*$\ ä. al-hiss senaory
organs; ijjüc ÄJT (bukäriya) steamengine;
L-ji ü-sfö aee L-l
Lj |J
jL\ ijT ä. al-jarr tractor; v^*- ÄJT (ja*

3-ijl wiiya pl. ^Ijl awäSin prayer, oration hannamiya) infernal machine; *?ij*- *H
(Copt.-Chr.) (harbiya) instrument of war; .iL^^JI *JT
 35
Öl
mobor, engine; 1—-U- 5JT calculating ma- Vjl axmvalan first, firstly, in the first

chine; iTU-l 3jT ä. al-hiyäka power loom; place; at first, in the beginning | JjL Vjl
iULA-'l üT sewing machine ;_j*.alj äJTradio; and Vjti Vjlby and by, gradually, one
Äailj ilT hoisting machine, crano, derrick; after the other, one by one; l_/*-lj Vjl
pump; ^i— jJ! <JT and li^—* ÜJl (musafy* and \j»-\j Vjl {äkiran) firBt and laBt, alto-

kina) heater; jj^\ 3J T (photographic) gether? simply and solely, merely

camera; i*-LL!l üTprinting press; J™ill ilT
Jjl awwali prime, primary, primordial,
ä. al-gael washing machine; '£j*& «Jl
original, initial, first; elemental, funda-
incubator; JUL-VI iJTreceiver, receiving
mental, basic, principal, chief, main;
set (radio); l^Ä* lüT (muqaffira) distüling
elementary; primitive, pristine, primeval]
apparatus, still; i>b&\ 5J T and LjK" 3J
*Jj\ i-j.u (madrasa) elementary school,
typewriter; j\J\\ < J ilT ä. Wb al-qimär
grade school; iJjl jI_j* (mawädd) raw
slot machine; LJL-y* *^ (müawjfyo) mu-
materials; Jjl i-le {'adad) prime number;
sical Instrument; 4_J^I 5jT alarm; siren;
*Jj\ ijy\j (fätüra) pro forma invoice
hörn (of an automobile); #lf* üT (ßom;»ä')
(fig.) tool, creature, puppet *Jj\ awwaliya pl. -ät fundamental
truth, axiom; primary constituent, es-
jT all meohanic(al); mechanized; mo-
sential component, element; precedence;
torized; instrumental; organic |
jTi.1^ priority
(mihrät) motor plow; -J VI ol_^ÄJI {qüwät)
Jil ayyil, iyyal, uyyal pl. JJLl ayä'xP
motorized troops; ÜJl 55^*- (haraka) a
stag
mechanical movement
ULI iyäla pl. -ät province; regency
ÄJT äliya mechanics
iljJLI ailüla title deed (jur.)
JVT äläti pl. LjVT älätiya (eg.) mu-
sician ; singer J U maäl end ; outcome, final issue,

upshot; result, consequence |

JU-I j
Jji awwal 2
, f. Jjl ülä, pl. m. -ün, Jjljl
J U.I
Jj at present and in the future
awä'tf 2 first; foremoet, most important,
principal, chief, main; first part, be- JjjU ta'mll pl. -öf Interpretation,

ginning; (with def. article also) earlier, explanatkm

previous, former; see also under Jj |
»Vjl ttiö't, liliJjl, liUVjl ulä'ilca these; those,
JjV' öl J V' (insän) primitive man; i—j-L»
pl. of the demonstr. pron. li and jJIi
Jjl physician-in-chief; JJljVI, tJjJjVI the

forebears, forefathers, ancestors; JJtjl j^ijl oJimÖi Olympic i-ljV j

v 'LI VI the Olym-
_^JÜl o. aH-Sakr the first ten days of a pic games
month, beginning of a month; lj* JjV jLljl olimbiyäd Olympiad
li-awwali marratin or JjVI ZjJl for the
first time; *ij\ ^ aUIjI ,^* since its be- j)j\ ulü (pl. of jj) owners, possessors, people

ginnings, from the very beginning; j* (with foll.genit.: of) |

^V' jJjl u. l-amr

»j^\ Jl *ij\ {äkiriki) from beginning rulers, powerful leaders; jlÄJIj JJ-I ^JjI

to end, from A to Z; j*^\ Jjl awwala u. l-hall wa-l-'aqd (lit. : masters of solv-
l-amri at first, in the beginning; JjVI ing and binding) do.; uliJI ^Jjl u. i-Sa'n

JjVli each time the first available; U Jjl the responsible people
(auwala) the moment when, just when; 1
[»ljl uwäm thirst
at the very outset of; JjVI ^> jS"\
(aktara) more than before 2
j.jl ohm (el)
 36

omnibiu omnibus, bus •jb to'auwuA moaning, sighing; admir-

fj>j£*j\
ing exclamation; plaintive sound, wail
*liT an time; ü^\ al-äna now jT j and |

**-'j $
J afc tne same time, aimultane- tjj\ awä i to seek refuge, seek aheiter ( Jl at a

ously; j*X Jl üT £m (äkara) from time to place); to go (Jl to bed); to betake o.a.,

time; j^j jT ^j L. (ua-öfcaro) and repair (Jl to a place); to shelter, houae,

jT Jju IjT Bometimes, at timea, now and put up, lodge, accommodate, receire as
then, once in a while; Uti UT gradually, a guest (*, « s.o., s.th.) II to shelter,

by and by, little by little; ÜjTj — UT lodge, put up, accommodate, receive aa
(äwtnatan) sometimes — sometimes, at a guest (« s.o.) IT to seek shelter (Jl at

timea — at timea; u^/1 JJ qabla l-äna a place), to retire (Jl to a place); to

before, previously, formerly; j'SU li-l-äna betake o.a., repair (Jl to & place); to

and j^l Jr hattä l-äna until now, hith- shelter, houae, put up, lodge, accommo-
erto, so far; <lftl •*» ba'da l-äna from date (• B.O.)

now on, henceforth, in the future; <>

AyJ \wa accommodation, lodging, hous-
1-l*Lo* u^l min al-äna fa-fiä'idan do.
ing, sholtering

J&T äna'üKn that day, at that time, jL ma*äwin

^jl. ma'wan pl. place
then
of refuge, retreat, shelter; abode; resting
iilijT äna4äka that day, at that time, place; dwelling, habitation | JJ jjL
then (laut) ahelter for the night; doaa house

Oj\ aun calmness, aerenity, gentlenesa ^jT ^l Vm äwä pl. jjT cAj banät ö.

jackal
oljl awän pl. SjjT öun'na time | JJ
*jljl prematurely; -Jtjl j at the right 1
ijTäyo, coli. ,jT äy, pl. -ät sign, token, mark;
time, timely, seasonably, *i\j\ > jat miracle; wonder, marvel, prodigy; model,
the wrong time, untimely, unaeasonably; exemplar, paragon, maaterpiece (j of,

Zj$\ ,> j. fr° m tmie *° t"116 ; ^j^" uy e.g., of Organization, etc.); Koranio verae,
dj^^J («M and j^-l 0» *jT (dwinaten, JX I
J"jS\ J {äy a4-dikr) the veraes of
— üjl
u&rä) at timea, Bometimea; j^-lj the Koran; paasage (in a book), utter-
sometimes — sometimeB, at timea — at ance, saying, word; iLT (with foll. genit.)
times; jlj^l *i*U (/dto) it is too late; moat solemn assurances (of love, of
üljVI jT (ö?w) the time haa come, it is
gratitude)
time (J for, to do s.th.)
jl ay that is (to say), i.e.; namely, to wit
*ü\ji\ look up alphabetically
\*l » yes (with foll. ^ilj yea, indeed! yeB, by
^ilJjl onbaH corporal, aee ^SlJl God!)

(»j\) *T aha u and II to moan, aigh V to \*l a VV> f- V o-VV 0, (with foll. genit. or suffix)

moan, sigh; to sigh with admiration (J which? what? what kind oft whoever,
over), exolaim "ah!" whoaoever any, every, no matter what
; . . .

(with neg.) no; Lr! äyyumä whatever,

«jl avnoah (interj.) oh!
whataoever |
cJlT *A, ülT U ayyan käna,
«TöAi, UTöAan, »Ijl wwwahi oh! no
ayyatan känat whoever he (or ehe) ia,

<*T öAa pl. -ö* aigh, moan; pl. oL*T matter who he (or Bhe) is; ü5" j* j} ayyv
aigha of admiration; rapturous exclama- man käna whoever it may be, whoaoever;

tiona JU- jl J* (ayyi hälin) in any caae, at any

 rate, at all events, by all means; -U-Ij ^1 i-jj^jl (Fr. &Aarpe) sash
ayyu wähidin any one; OLi ^1 ULI *i j!
_r
*jl) ^T Ö<£a i to rcturn, revert (Jl to
inna lahü Sa'nan ayya Sanin it is of the ( (

s.th.); to become (Jl s.th.)

greatest importance (lit. : it is of im-
portance, and of what importance!); ._-*! Läjl aidan also, too, as well, likewise,
l->L*I Ul o u'jiba bihi ayyamä i'jäbin eqaally; again; in addition, besides,

how much he admired him! he admired moreover

him greatly; jLil Le! *_L JJl aqbala
ayyamä iqbälin he sbowed the UIUI tfd/iyd Italy
'alaihi

greatest interest in it Jliajl ißli Italian; (pl. -ün) an Italian

Li iyyä with nominal suffix to express the Üjjjl (Gr. tlxojv) iqüna and <~>jÄ>} iqüniya
accusative [
öl i)L! take care not to . .., pl. -dt icon (CAr.)
be careful not to . . . ; > iJL I
, j ilL I beware
uiiil aik (coli.; n. un. ;) thicket, jungle
of ...! iiLlj (dial. wayyäk), »Llj {wayyäh)
with you, with him 2
Jjl and ULI see Jjl

jU see 2
j\
»JjLI adüJ a September (Syr., Leb., It.,

an Jord.)
jjl II to back, support (» s.o., * a claim,

aspiration, etc.); to confirm, corroborate, 3 ij^ljl ailüla title deed (?W.)

endorse (* news, a judgment, etc.)

V = pass. of II (<!) >T äma i: -c^jj j- A (zaujatiht) to lose

one's wife, become or be a widower, c~«l

j_jü ta'yld corroboration, confirmation,
L^*-jj j* (zaujihä) to lose one's husband,
endorsement, backing, support
become or be a widow
j^ r jjJjI (Fr. hydrogene) idrozen hydrogen Irl aima, *jA uyüm and fü to*

iJL^jj-ul ILj (qunbula) hydrogen bomb 'ayyum widowhood

f\
ayyim pl. ^-Ll oyä'im 8 , ^/Ll aydiTiö
l
j\ air pl. jy) uyür penis
widower, widow
*jU af/yär 3 May (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
aiwam 2 see
r-« r>-
jl^l Irön Iran, Persia
Lei ayyumä see *^1 ayy
jly I iräni Iranian, Persian; (pl. -ün)

a Persian, an Iranian
1
( fc
>') ^ ^ na * to oomo, approach, draw
near (time) |
jljVl öl {awän) the time
loilyl irlandä Ireland has come: öl *J öT it's time for him
to...
^jJj-I irlandi Irish; (pl. -ün) Irishman
üT see üj\
JLj-I (Engl.) eriydl aerial, antenna
j\ aina wherc? (= at or to whaL
rj>l i3is Isis place?) j.\ j* min aina where ... from?
1 _ |

j.1 Jl where? (= to what plauo?) ^ j& j_\

I r
^
i\ ayisa a (^Ll iytw) to despair (^ of
how far we still are from..., worlda
s.th.)
separate us from ... (fig-); ilü J* '** ö*_'

^LJ jyöa despair what is this compared with that!

 ! )

38
ܻJ

^\ al~ainu the where; Space (philo*. Ifl ayyuhä, with fem. also \^J\ ayyatuhä
(vocative particle) ...!
^j! ainamä wherever
<_jjjl ayyüb 2 Job
ULI ayyäna when? (conj.) when
jjjjjlfi al-ayyübiyün the Ayubiteß
2
j>\ II to ionize (* B.th.) V to be ionized (el.)

{jA aiwam* Bee pj

ü_jjI iyön pl. -ät ion
^jjI see 2 ^/l
>jÜ fa'yln ionization
2 (jljjl
twä» pl. -ät recess-like sitting room
^U. muio'ayym ionized
with a raised floor, usually opening on
<jl iAi, iha, ihin (interj.) well! now then! all the main room or courtyard through an
right arcade; estrade

1
i_j abbreviation of <_jIj chapter LL bäbäpl. ol_jjL bäbawät, otjLL pope; papa,
father, daddy
2
i_j bi (prep.) in, at, on (place and time);
i^jjLj bäbatui, ^jLL papal
with (indicating connection, association,
attendance); with, through, by means 4j_jjLj babawiya papacy
of (deaignating instrumentality or agency, 1
uu ba'ba'a to say "papa" (child)
also with pass. = by); for (
= at the
price of); by ( = to the amount of); by 2
Jiji bu'bu' root, source, origin; core, heart,

(introducing an oath) |
JJL bi-l-lail at inmost part; pupil of the eye, also

(by) night, jlfJl* bi-n-nahär during the (J^aII jij>_ b. al- üin
daytime, by day ; j^Jj 1f \J" Samälan
JjL bäbiP Babel, Babylon
bi-Sarqin northeast ; C-**J j l^i fa-bihä
wa-ni'mat in that case it's all right; JjL bäbill Babylonian
öl j -J
(J
it is not my intention to ...;
4jL bäbih the second month of the Coptic
i]\ Xt \ -U hädä bi-däka now we are even, we calendar
are quits; itL_j 4S-<JJ (majVihi) an hour
before his arrival; ^ "with" frequently 7rji\j babüj pl. pz>\ji bawäblj1 slipper

givea causative meaning to a verb, e.g.,

jjth bäbür pl. -ät, juI_jj bawäbir 3 (= j_y)j)
»^ l
y^- (lit. : to rise with s.th., i.e.) to
locomotive, engine; steamship, steamer
boost, further, promote s.th.; Jl *j *L
to cause s.o. to arrive at, lead s.o. to; £jA> bäbünaj camomile (bot.)

for its use as copula after negations, etc.,

*' "I; bätista batiste
see grammar; "& bi-lä without; jl lc

bi-mä anna in view of the fact that; j^^JjtL bätölöji pathologic (al)

since, as, inaamuch aa, because; «J Lc U»-^J_jJL bätölöjiyä pathology

bi-mä fihi including
üU^jL bädinjän and jljf-ij baidinjän (coli.;

•L bä' name of the letter t-> n. un. •) pl. -ät eggplant, aubergine
 .u

x
jLj 6ö> pl. -ä£ bar; taproom e -8-> 4- if^i ^ ^\f (kammiyät) consider-
a
able quantities ^L V (6a' sa) never
;

jL ba'ara a to dig a well

mind! it doesn't matter! it's all right!

Jj bi'r f., pl. jLT übär, jUj bi'är well, ^' cr'H ^ ** doesn't matter that . . .

spring
?o" . i*' a yyu 6o*at».? what does it

bu'ra pl. jJj 6u*ar center, seat

matter? what of it? ^ ^L 4_L ^-J
«j_Jj
(fca'aun) he will be none the worse for . .
(flg.); site; pit; abyss .

iU* ^-L V (6a' sa) it won't do you any

Cjj-SIjIj (Fr. paraehute) bäräSüt parachute härm! don't worry! don't be afraid

(il^m bäräguwäy Paraguay _

( rJj obj banätu bi'a calamities, ad-

versities, misfortunes
(jj^jL see <Jjj _r
^ji bu'a, »l—L ba'sä' 3 , ^jj* bu'üs
<JjIj (Fr.) barlcek parquet, parquetry floor
and ^-Jj fcu'sa pl. ^Jjl a6'a* misery,

*L"jIj see *\jj wretchedness, suffering, distress

rj£ 6a'te pl. »L-Jj bu'asä'* miserable,

•jIj 6ära pl. -ä( para (coin) ( _

wretched
ajjL bärüd saltpeter; gunpowder
^L 6ö*w miserable, wretched
«jjjlj ftörüda pl. -bjljj bawärid 2 rifle,

J-Uj (Fr.) &cwtfZ pastel

carbine

,jJjIj 6ö>m 2 Paris J~*lj bäsU bacilli

^jjlj öön« Parisian ^iL bä5 senior, chief (in Compounds)

Jlj bäz pl. ül_)u 6izä7fr and jL ba'z pl. j^Jj ^ jI^Ij bäS6&vÄi and ,j!j jlf^lj approx.
6u'äz, o\je bi'zän falcon master Sergeant (formerly, Eg.)

jljL bäzoV pl. -ä( bazaar pSi** Ij fcÖÄfcaHm physician-in-chief

j^-j^piL bäSrayyis a naval rank, approz.

C-Jjlj öäzoW basalt
petty officer 3rd class {Eg.)
JjjjjLi bäzübtmd bracelet
,_jt^ilj bäSkätib chief clerk

^Jj bausa u (^- L 6a* s) to be strong, brave, Jät'Ij bäämufti chief mufti (Tun.)
intrepid; — ^^Jü ba'iaa a (,j-Jj
6a' a) to
^rtM; bäSmufattiS chief inspector
be miserable, wretched VI to feign
misery or distress VIII to be sad, worried, ( _r
*JL+r'Li bäSmuhandia chief engineer
grieved
UL fcäiä pl. ol^L böSawät (CjIjUL) pasha
Js-jJI {J
Jj bi'sa r-rajulu what an evil
man! jilj 6ö3o£, 6ö£tg pl. J^ 6auw&g a sparrow
hawk
^L ba's strength, fortitude, caurage,

intrepidity (ob verbal noun of ^Jj jjliUI al-bäsqvrd the Bashkirs

bcfusa); härm, hurt, injury, impairment,
^rXilj see jS^L*
detriment, wrong |
^ul -bJ-1 courageous,
brave, intrepid; *i ,^-L V (6a' sa) there
^jAi (Engl.) bös pl. -ät bus, autobus
is no objection to it; unobjectionable;
not bad, rather importaut, consklerable, j^li bäfün concrete, b6ton
6
iplj bäga celluloid; tortoiae ahell trüj <^ri it' s ftu< over between him and
them, they are through with each other
üU-fUI al-bäkistän Pakistan
Co bau settlement, decision; La battan
JLl-TLj bäkistänl Pakistan! (adj. and n.)
definitely, once and for all

]
Jlj bäl whale {zool.) o batta pl. -ät adjudication, award final ;

decision; al-battata and o battatan

<lJ\
a
Ulj bäla pl, -ät bündle, bale
definitely, positively, decidedly, esp. with

jUU baltö pl. oljUU 6o^oum(, ^^j baläfi negations: absolutely not, definitely not

overcoat; paletot
Jj batti definite, definitive

J\j (It. balh) ball, dance i-L battiya, bittiya pl. Jla batätly

barrel ; tub
üjJLj bälün balloon
Ljli> batätan decidedly, definitely, pos-
jUUI jjr juzur al-bälit/är the Balearic Is- itively, categorically, unquestionably, ab-
lands solutely

*JL (Fr.) böleh ballet C-oj Jo&ii adjudication, award

£j\j bält definite, definitive |

Cj\j *~>
L»1j and S-*Lj bämiya gumbo, okra (Hibiscus
(man') categorical interdiction
esculentus L., 6o(.,a populär vegetable in
Egypt) l
Ji batara u (batr) to cut off, sever (* s.th.);
to amputate (* s.th.); to mutilate, render
OL see üji
fragmentarily (* a text) VII to be out
*^J\jji\j i-ili SäSa bänörämiya ( = Fr. icran off, be severed, be amputated
panoramique) Cinemascope screen
Jü batr cutting off, severance, Sepa-
ration; amputation
ÜjJj ia'üna the tenth month of the Coptio
calendar Jj\ abtar 2 curtailed, docked, clipped,
trimmed; imperfect, defective, incom-
t$lj bäy, f. IjLj bäya pl. -ät formerly, in Tunisia,
plete; without offspring
a title aftor the names of the membera
of the Bey's family jli> battär cutting, sharp

jUI jU dar aUbäy (formerly) the Tuni- J\i bätir cutting, sharp

sian government jJUa mabtür broken, abrupt, un-

connected; fragmentary, incomplete
j« babr pl. j_j-j bubür tiger
fl
.!jÜ biträ"*, baträ'* Petra (ancient city of
»Uo babgä' 2 (and &a&&ajä* a ) pl. oljli-j babgä*
Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in
wät parrot
SW Jordan)
C~i boXla u i (bau) to cut off, sever (a s.th.);
ilji batrak patriarch
to complete, finish, achieve, accomplish,
carry out (* s.th.); to fix, settle, de- Jjjü batrül, bitröl petroleum
termine (* s.th.), decide (* s.th., j on
il abta' 2 an assonant intensifier of w-J
s.th.) II to adjudge, adjudicate, award
ajma' 2 all, altogether, whole, entire
(* s.th.) VII to be cut off; to be finished,
be done; to be decided j*>1\ £-ül 4i -iL bäti' strong; füll, whole, entire
j
 41

ik> II to cut off (a a.th.) *wf bajika a (bajah) to rejoiee (i-> at) V to
vaunt, flaunt (l_j s.th.), boast, brag (lj of)
1
Jij batala i u (batl) and II to cut off, sever
vv-Jt tabajjuh bragging, braggery
{* a.th.); to make final, dose, settle,

make conclusive, clinch (* s.th.) V to M^i* mutabajjih braggart

retire from the world and devote one's
tJjf. bajda, bujda root, aource, heart, es-
life to God (ä»l Jl); to be pious, chaste
and self-denying; to live in chastity
sence, basis |
j-V «-^ the heart of the
matter, the actual State of affairs, the
VII to be cut off, be curtailed, be docked
true facts; lf-&- J/I _** {ibn bujdatihä) he
J>=j batül virgin; Jj=JI the Virgin Mary knows the Job from the ground up, he is

<}jZj batüti virginal

the right man for it

*Jy* batüliya virginity j£-\ abjar 2 obese, corpulent

Js*s* mutabattil an ascetic, a recluse; a _

l rit bajasa u i (bajs) and II to open a.

pious, godly man passage (for the water), cause (the water)
to flow V and VII to flow freely, pour
a
V_>=j batülä birch tree
forth copiously, gush out

io batta u (batt) to spread, unroll, unfold _

l rj~ bajs, ,^-wf bajis flowing freely,

(a s.th., e.g., a rüg); to scatter, disperse Streaming

(a s.th.) ; to disseminate, propagate,
mjt baja (n. un. ») pelican
spread (a s.th., e.g., a spirit, an ideology,
a doctrine); to sprinkle (a a s.th. on); to Jjt II to honor, revere, venerate, treat with
let s.o. {«, also J) in on s.th. (*, esp. on a deference (• s.o.), show reapect (• to

secret) ; to broadeast, transmit by radio s.o.); to give precedence (J* a or * to

|

üj-JI d-j to peer around; ^Will <Lj to s.o. or s.th. over) V to be honored, be

plant, or lay, mines IV to let (» s.o.) in revered, be venerated

on a secret (a) VII to be spread; to be bajal Syphilis (*>.)

J*:
scattered
Jjj^J tabjU veneration, reverence; def-
ij batt spreading, dissemination, prop- erence, respect
agation; grief, sorrow
^»w mubajjal revered, respected; ven-
erable
jo batara i (batira a) and V to break out with
pimples or pustules (skin) jtf bajama i {bajm, >^ bujüm) to be
speechless, dumfounded
ju batr pl. jjij biitür (n. un. »ju batra
pl. batarät) pimples, pustules yc. II to clinch (* a nail)

ju batir, j& batir pustulate, pimpled £ bahka a (bahh, ^ bahah, rj^ buhüh,
rl£ bahäh, **-j£ buhüha, i*-l* bahäha)
j£j bataqa i u (with _^Jl an-nahra) to open
to be or become hoarse, be raueous,
flood gates so that the river will overflow
husky, harsh (voiee) II and IV to make
its banks VII to break forth, burst out,
hoarse (* s.o.)
well out, pour out, gush out; to emanate,
proeeed, spring (j- or ^ from) *£ buhka hoarseness

4-\ abakh* hoarse

jliul inbitäg outpouring, effusion, out-

pour, outburst; emanation C^T- mabhüh hoarse

 . ; ;

er-

r%y£- II iabahbaha to be prosperous, live in J^ bahtara to disperse, scatter (* s.th.);

easy circumstances; to enjoy o.a., have to waste, squander, dissipate (m s.th.)

a good time II tabahtara pass. of I

rj^. bakbüh gay, meny Ijji bahtara waste, dissipation

*>-j^ buhbuha middle; life of ease ^>w mubahtir squanderer, wastrel,

and comfort, prosperity, affluence | j spendthrift
,y <*-j^- amidst
*_^ bahira a to be startled, be bewildered
^»w mvbahbah well-to-do, prosperous (with fright)
enjoying an easy, comfortable Life

B
_/
*: II to travel by Bea, make a voyage IV do.
C-& bäht pure, unmixed, sheer; exclusive,
s
to embark, go on board; to put to sea,
also J* i\ C-*; \z£ bahtan merely, solely,
set sail, sail, deparb (ship); to go down-
purely, exclusively, nothing but . .

stream, be sea-bound (ship on the Nile)

J^ buhtwr stocky, pudgy, thickset V to penetrate deeply, delve (j into);

i$J>£- bukivji stocky, pudgy, thickset

to study thoroughly ( j a subjeet) X =V
j£- bahr pl. jU bihär, jj£ buhür, jUl
£-* bahata a (bäht) to look, search (* or
06 Aar, _^l abhur sea; largo river; a
^ for s.th.), seek (* or ^ s.th.); to do
noble, or great, man (whose magnanim-
research; to investigate, examine, study,
ity or knowledge is comparable to the
explore (* or ^ s.th., less frequently
vastness of the sea); meter (poei.) j |
with j or J*), look into (* or j*); to
j£- in the course of, during, (>iL- _^ j
discuss (* a subjeet, a question) III to
(sanatain) in the course of two years,
discuss (» with s.o., J a question) VI to
within two years ; Ja-*jdl ^aj V l j*»Jl
have a discussion, discuss together; to
(abyatf, mutawassifl the Mediterranean
confer, have a talk (*. with s.o., j (sometimes shortened to ^ÄjVI j»^);
about)
j-LLJIj£- b. al-bolfiq the ßaltic Sea;
w* bäht pl. Lij*- btthüt, olj_^, £il*il
V>^-' j£. b. al-janüb the South Seas;
abhät search (^ for), quest (^ of); ^•Vl j~J\ the Red Sea (also f^Ull
_^
examination, Btudy; research; investi- al-quhum) al-kazar the
6. ; j_^-'l _^ b.
gation, exploration; discussion; treatise;
Caspian Sea (also J L*_SOl j*JI\); ?jj\ j£-
(pl. iW) study, scientific report (j on)
b.ar-rüm the Mediterranean; j^-V ^»«Ji

iU: bahhät pl. -ün scholar, research (aswad) the Blaek Sea; oUiUJl j£- b.

worker az-zulumät the Atlantic; J^J j£- b, lü}

ÄjU: bdhhäta eminent scholar and c-J.1 j*fcJl {mayyit) the Dead Sea;
J-Jl y: {eg.) the Nile
ui-^w mabhat pl. ^i^-U, mabähit 2 sub-
jeet, theme, field of investigation or dis- j> j*JI al-bahrain the Bahrein Is-

cussion, objeet of research; research, lands

study, examination; investigation bahräni of the Bahrein Islands;

tj\j£-

&- L. mubähata pl. -öl negotiation, ÄjjUvJl al-bahärina the inhabitants of the

parley, Conference, talk, discussion Bahrein Islands

i.*-b bähit pl. -ün and il*i bukkal tjj^- bahrt sea (adj.), marine; maritime;
seholar, research worker; examiner, in- nautical; naval; navigational ; (in Eg.)
vestigator northern, bahriya (with foll. genit.) north
 43
J~
of; (pl. -ün, ») eailor, Seaman, mariner |
matio smoke {* s.th.) V to evaporate
_y»U j_^ approx. : Seaman apprentice (water); to volatilize, turn into smoke or
(Eg.) ; ijj»wJl il>|^ÖJl (jütwäi) the naval haze; to perfume o.s., or be perfumed,
forcea; \j£- *1>UU (na&ö(ät) marine flora, with incense
water plants
jlit bukär pl. -ät, abkira vapor,
<j j£- bahriya navy fume; steam

•j^ bahra pond, pool i£jl£ bukäri steam (adj.), steam-driven

jl^ öoAÄär pl. -ün, »jl* fiaÄÄära Sea- jjjc bakür incense; frankincense |
jyC
man, mariner, sailor; pl. Sjl* crew (of a f_j* b. maryam cyclamen (bot.)

ship, of an airplane)
Jt-\ abkar 3 suffering from balitosis
3
2jv£ buhaira pl. -ät, J[£- bakä'ir lake;
•^iw mibkara pl. j»-^» mabäkir* (also
(tun.) vegetable garden, truck garden
ät) censer; thurible; fumigator
ö\j£- bukrän crisis (of an illness); cli-
jvJ tabklr fumigation
max, culmination (also, e.g., of ecstasy)
ji^S tabakkur evaporation, vaporiza-
j>*S tabahkur deep penetration, delv-
tion
ing (j into a subject), thorough study
«_^-Ij bäkira pl. j»-\jt batväkir* steamer,
(jof)
steamship
j*<~* mutabahkir thoroughly familiär
ijtji buwaikira small steambnat
(j with); profound, erudite, searching,
penetrating
(_ rJc bakasa a (baks) to deorease, diminisb,
reduce (* s.th.) ; to lessen (e.g., 4=*JS
jl^ bahlaqa: <. jl<£ {'ainatAt'} to stare,
qimatahü the value of s.th.) ; to disregard,
gaze <j at)
neglect, fail to heed (* s.th.)
l
^ a- ^°^ excellent! well done! bravo!
f- f'
Kj
^£- baks too little, too low; very low
2
£ bakka u (bakk) to snore; to spout, (price)

spurt, squirt (* s.th.); to sprinkle, splatter bäfcis Bmall, little, trifling, un-
l_ r^-lj
(t_> * s.th. with) important
i^Ljc bakkäJca nozzle
bakiiS pl. ^ij^Li1 bakäSlS 2 tip, gratuity
ii^i (eg.) bukJeeka squirt, ayringe
mJ£ baka'a a (bak') with *—ü : to kill o.b.
Ob* mibakka nozzle (with grief, anger, rage)

tlji 6afc( luck; a kind of lottery |

ü-*JI J-Ü jJfil abkaq 2 , f. »Läjc bakqä' 2 one-eyed
unlucky; c^JI »j- bad luck
Jjtf bakila a (bakal), bakula u (buhl) to be
lucky, fortunate
«iJf; &afci(
niggardly, be stingy (i_> with s.th., ^ or
£*_y*~* mabküt lucky, fortunate J* with regard to s.o.), scrimp (jp, J*
s.o., iy for), stint (i_> in, ^f- or Jp s.o.),
Jit II tabaktara to strut, prance VIto
withhold (je-,
J* from s.o., <_>s.th.)

give reluctantly, grudgingly f^, J* to

jjc II to vaporize, evaporate (* s.th.); to
s.o., i~> s.th.)
fumigate (* s.th.}; to disinfect (* B.th.);

to perfume with incense, expose to aro- JJ£ bukt avarice, cupidity, greed
J~
JJc bafcll pl. *•& bukalä' 1 avarioious, o-i— mu9tabidd arbitrary, highhanded,
greedy; miser, skinflint autocratic, tyrannical, despotio ; auto-
crat, tyrant, despot *jIj- ",.- (bi-ra**
Üiw mabjpala cause of avarioe, that |
'

yihi) opinionated, obstinate, headstrong

whioh arouses avarice or graed

jjc bufcnuq pl. ^üc bakäniq* kerchief, veil i-ü bada'a a (#.u bad') to begin, start (<_> or
(to oover the head) j with s.th., a s.th.; t with s.o.; with
foll. imperf.: to do s.th. or doing s.th.
Jü badda u (badd) to distribate, spread,
respectively ) ; to set in, begin, start,
disperse II to divide, distribute, spread,
arise, spring up, orop up II to put (*
scatter, disperse (* s.th.); to remove,
s.th.,
J* before s.th. eise), give preced-
eliminate (* s.th.); to waste, squander,
ence or priority (* to s.th.,
J* over
fritter away, dissipate (* s.th.) V pass.
s.th. eise) III to begin, start (<_> s.th., »
of II; X to be independent, proceed with regard to s.o.), make the first Step,
independently (<_> in, o.g., in one's opinion,
take the initiative or lead (<_> in s.th., •
i.e., to be opinionated, obstinate, head-
toward s.o.), e.g., jOI&Lj *Ub {kaläm) to
atrong) ; to possesa alone, monopolize
accost s.o., speak first to s.o. IV to do or
(<_> s.th.); to take possession (<_> of s.o.),
produce first (* s.th.), bring out (* s.th.
seize, grip, overwhelm, overcome {<_> s.o.;
new) | -Uu Uj [gju L. mä yubdi'u wa-mä
said of a feeling, of an impulse) to ; dis-
yu'idu he can't think of a blessed thing
pose arbitrarily, highhandedly (<_> of to say; -Uwj jO-j he says or does every-
s.th.); to rule despotically, tyrannically,
thing conceivable VIII to begin, start
autocratically (<_> over)
(v with s.th.)

A* budd way out, escape |

jSÖ i lil
*X> bacT beginning, start .jJ! .u* from
ül
j- -^ (buddun) if it is inevitable |

the (very) beginning; \*Xij Ijj* *Li ('au*

that...; Jü V (budda) definitely, cer-
dan wa-bacPan) or *J -U J* * :>_>* ('audakü 'alä
tainly, inevitably, without fail; by all
baSikx) or *0j Jl 1^» (ilä bacCin) he did
means j* ; Uj V it is necessary, inescapable,
unavoidable, inevitable, c-
it all over again, he began anew
*J Oj V he
aimply mußt do it, he oan't get around it;
•I-ü bad'a, il-u badVa, öl-ü bidäya
-ü JS* j- min huUi buddin in any caae, at ^Vl
beginning, start |
*jI-ü j in the be-
any rate
ginning, at first

-ü jW abädid* (pl.) Boattered

ä*l-ü badä'a beginning, start; first step,
OjO-j fabdid scattering, dispersal, dis- first instance | »Oj «*1oj badd' ata baSin
persion ; removal, elimination ; waste, right at the outset, at the very be-
dissipation ginning

il-Ll-1 istibdäd arbitrariness, high- jl-u budä'i primitive

handedness; despotism; autocracy; ab-
solutem t-u mabda* pl. ^jL. mabädi'* be-
ginning, start, starting point; basis, foun-
jjljj^l istibdädi arbitrary, highhand-
dation ; principle ; invention ; pl. prin-
ed, autocratic, despotio; oLjjIjJ^I istib*
ciplea, convictions (of a person); ideology;
dädiyät arbitrary acta
rudiments, fundamental concepts, Cle-
j-L* mubaddid scatterer, disperser; ments jjLII <^S"
j
Jculub al-m. elementary
squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift books
 ; .

45
C-
ja-, mabdai original, initial; funda- to s.th.) |
JpjJI jlfl Jl jiL {injäzi l-wa'd)
mental, basic; LjJL* mabdaiyan origi- to set out to fulfill a promise VI jjLj
nally; in principle jmJ}\ Jl {dihn) to suggest itself strongly,
be obvious to appear at ; first glance as if
•IjLüI ibtida beginning, Start; novitiate
(jl); öl ^»S Jl j-iLj (dikni) it oecurred
{Chr.) | jf.
»IoijI ifciidä'an min from,
beginning os of (with foll. date)
to me all of a sudden that . .
. ;
^öJI Jl jalJ
...,
(fahm) to be immediately understood
Jloijl ibtidä'i initial; preparatory, ele-
VIII to hurry, rush, hasten (* to); to get
mentary, primary of ; first instance (jur.)
ahead of s.o. antieipate, forestall
(»),
original, primitive v'-^ '**& {mahf
[ (» s.o.) |
:AJli UjAjI before she could say
kama) court of first instance; jlaijV' J*d\ a word he exclaimed . .

elementary education; v'-11^ *-j j* {mad*

rasa) lower grades of a high school,
jOj badr pl. jjJj budür füll moon
approx. : junior high school (as dis- äjJj badra pl. badarät, j\x> bidär huge
tinguished from *j>Ij); v'-^.' "l^-i (&a* amount of money (formerly == 10,000
häda) approx.: junior high school grad- dirhama) j
Jlj*Vl olj-4 enonnous sums
uation certificate of money
\$s\i bädi* beginning, starting |
_^Vi *^li jl-b badäri hurry! quick!
bädi'a l~amr and j*Vl jjIj j in the begin-
»j j L. mvbädara undertaking, enter-
ning, at first; J[j\ l^ilt j right away,
prise
without thinking twice, unhesitatingly;
».b ^j J^jL bädi'a dl bad'in above all, äjjlj bädira pl. j*\jt bavxidir* herald,
first of all, in the first place, primarily; harbinger, precursor, forerunner, first in-

•^"i [$sU\ al-bädi'u dibruhü (the person dication, sign; unforeseen act; Btirring,
or thing) mentioned at the outset, the impulse, fit (e.g., of rage); bluriäer, mis-
first-mentioned take; j^ji stirrings, impulses |
j*- »jaIj

6. kairin a good, or generous, impulse

^j-U-. mubtadi* beginning; beginner;
novice {Chr.) 2
jXj baidar pl. jiLi bayädir* threshing

Toi-* mubtada* beginning, start; {gram.) floor

subjeet of a nominal clause

rjj-ij and üjjJü (Turk. bodrum) badrüm, bad*
ljJU badara u to come unexpectedly, by sur- rün pl. -ät basement

prise; to escape {,y> s.o.; e.g., words in

f-Jj bada'a a {bad') to introduce, originate,
excitement) III to come to s.o. 's (»)
start, do for the first time (* s.th.), be the
mind, oeeur to s.o. (») all of a sudden,
first to do s.th. (*); to devise, contrive,
strike s.o. (idea, notion) ; to embark,
invent (a s.th.) II to aecuse of heresy
enter (Jl upon s.th.) or set out (Jl to do
(« s.o.) IV = I; to create (a s.th.); to
s.th.) without delay; to rush, hurry (Jl
achieve unique, excellent results (j in);
to s.o., to a place); to hurry up (<_j with
to be amazing, outstanding (j in s.th.)
s.th.), Jl jjb with foll. verbal noun:
VIII to invent, contrive, devise, think
to do s.th. promptly, without delay,
up (* s.th.) X to regard as novel, as
hasten to do s.th.; to fall upon s.o (»)
unprecedented (a s.th.)
with (>_>), aecost, assail, surprise (i_> •

s.o. with s.th.; e.g., Jk-li. ?'$£-> »j-ib to 9±i bad' innovation, novelty; oreationj

snap rudely at s.o.); to react, respond (Jl \*y-j Uju bad* an wa-'audan repeatedly
£». 46

f-jj bid* pl. f-l-ul abdä" innovator; new, for s.th. s.th. eise); to compensate (**_>»
original; unprecedented, novel | f-U V s.o. for s.th. with s.th. eise), give s.o. (•)
lä bid'ano wonderi jl f-Jj "^ lä fttd'a an s.th. (*) in ezchange for (»j) V to change;
no wonder that . j- s-Jj B.th. eise than;
.
. ; to be exchanged VI to ezchange (a s.th.,
unlike, different from also words, views, greetings) X to ex-

«ijj büf'a
change, receive in ezchange, trade, barter
pl. p-b Staa' Innovation,
novelty; heretical doctrine, heresy; pl. (t_> a and a i_j s.th. for); to replace (a

creations (of fashion, of art) f-oJI

t_j and a l-j s.th. by), Substitute (l-j a and
| JaI
* l-j for s.th. s.th. eise)
a&Z aZ-6. heretics

»£jj ftooT, f-Jj bud* unprecedented, Jjj ftoaaJ pl. JUI a&iöJ Substitute,
alternate, replacement ; equivalent, com-
marveloua, wonderful, amazing, admira-
pensation, setoff; reimbursement, rec-
ble, singular, unique; creator |
-j-lJI 1*
ompense, allowance; price, rate; (gram.)
*ilm aX-b. tbe art or science of meta-
phors and appositional Substantive standing for an-
(in general) of good style
other Substantive |
öt^l Jjj b.al-jiräya
**iii badi'a pl. -Jljj badcii'* an aston-
allowance for food ; i
i _ri_Jl Joj b. as-
ishing, amazing thing, a marvel, a wonder;
aafaHya tra vel aUo wance ; iil _^i V ' J-"j
original creation
subscription rate; J-u expense
J/,-!<
^.u badti rhetorical account, expense allowance

f-Jjl abda" 3 more amazing, more ez- Jjj badala (prep.) instead of, m place
ceptional; of even greater originality of, in lien of

f-l-ul t&dö' creation, fashioning, ehap- j- V->j badalan min in place of, in-

ing; a marveloua, unique achievement; stead of, in lieu of

uniqueness, aingularity, originality; Crea- ifjj badla pl. ooäoZöf, Jjj &ü2at suü
tive ability
(of clothes); costume | >^-l <J ju o. al-

O^'JjI ibdä'i romantic (lit.) hammäm bathing Buit ; <_r, if Jj (ras*

miya) uniform; iJLü^iS *J.u (taSrifätiya)

Ov-'JjI ibdaiya romanticism (lit.)
full-dress uniform
f-a— mubdi' producing, creating; crea-
*Jjj badaliya compensation, smart
trve; creator; ezceptional, unique, out-
money
Btanding (in an achievement, eap. of
an artist) JIjü badala (prep.) instead of, L. JIjj

(conj.) instead of {being, doing, etc.)

f--tu. mvbtadi' innovator; creator; her-
etio JjJj badil pl. >V-u budalä' 2 Substitute,
alternate (^ or ,y for); Btand-in, double
JXj look up alphabetically (theat.); (f. :) serving as a replacement or

Jjj badala u to replace (<~> a B.th, by),

Substitute | iL.u »jyu (mafraza) reserve

ezchange detachment (mil.)

(<~> * s.th. for) II to change,
alter (a a s.th. to), convert (a a s.th. JIjü baddai grocer; money-changer
into); to Substitute (a for s.th., .-> or Ül-b baddäla culvert ; pipeline ; tele-
j- s.th.), ezchange, give in ezchange
phone ezchange, central
(a B.th., wor,}. for); to change (a s.th.)

III to ezchange (a * with b.o. B.th.) IV to D JjL* TttobädiP see Jjj

replace (^ a s.th. by), ezchange (^ a JjJ-j taidCf change, alteration

 ihL. mvbädala pl. -ät exchange oV.iL» | hatan and UlaJb all by itself, spontane-
ijjljf {tijäriya) commercial exchange, ously
trade relatione
i^-Jj badiha s.th. sudden or unex-
Jljjl ibdäl exchange, interchange, re- pected; improvisation ; impulse, inspi-
placement (<_j by), Substitution («_j of); ration, spontaneous intuition; intuitive
change; phonetic change understanding or insight, empathy, in-

tabaddul stinctive grasp, perceptive faculty

(Jo_j change, shift, turn; J J*
transformation ; transmutation, con Ver- i^-Ül all by itself, spontaneously; off-

sion hand; i^-Ül j-^L*- quick- witted, quick at

repartee; S^U- Ö^jj presence of mind
(JiU tabädul {mutual) exchange |

^"äLJl JiLj (. as-aaläm exchange of greet- af Jj badihi and ^Oj badahi intuitive;
self-evident ; a priori (adj.)
ings; jW^J-'l JjU thought transference,
telepathy L^Aj badihiya pl. -ät an axiom, a fun-

JI-lL-I istxbdäl exchange, replacement, damental or self-evident truth; truism,

Substitution commcmplace, platitude

t}x>* mubdil: oLjI_jL-V J-L* m.al-ustw

*Ji Jj badä'ih* fundamental or seif-

wandt automatio record changer evident truths

JjLi* mutabädal mutual, reciprocal (jjj) \jj badä u to appear, show, become
evident, clear, piain or manifest, come
üJj baduna u and badana u to be fat, corpu-
to light; to be obvious; to seem good,
lent
acceptable, proper (J to s.o.) III to show,
jjj badan pl. jl-ul abdän, üJo\ abdun display, evince, manifest, reveal, declare
body, trank, torso openly |
ij\xJL ^jL (*adäwa) to show

(J-U badani bodily, corporal, physicai, open hostility IV to disclose, reveal, mani-
somatic fest, show, display, evince (* s.th.); to
demonstrate, bring out, bring to light,
üljj badäna corpulence, obeaity
make visible {* s.th.); to express, utter,
j-jXj badin pl. d>Jj bvdun stout, cor- voice (a s.th.) j J\j ^^1 (ra'yahü)
|

pulent, fat, obese to express one's opinion about; Lij ^JjI

(ragbatan) to express a wish or desire
ijjjj budüna corpulence, obesity
V = I; to live in the desert VI to pose as
(1>jL bädin pl. öJj bvdn stout, corpulent,
a Bedouin
fat, obese
j -h badw desert nomads, Bedouins
;

•Oj badaha a to come, descend Buddenly (*

tjjjj badawi Bedouin, nomadic; rural
upon s.o.), befall unexpectedly (• s.o.);
(as distinguished from urban); a Bed-
to aurprise (» s.o.) with s.th. (^) III to
ouin
appear suddenly, unexpectedly (^ »
before s.o. with s.th.) VIII to extem- \j x> badawiya pl. -ät Bedouin woman,
porize, improvise, do offhand, on the Bedouin girl

spur of the moment (* s.th.) «luj badäh pl. oljOj badawät whim,
ifcioj badäha spontaneity, spontaneous caprice; ill-humor

occurrence, impulse; simple, natural way, Sjluj badüwa and bidätoa desert life,
naturalness, matter-of-factness ;i»1oj badä- Bedouin life; Bedouinism, nomadism
 ; ;

JJb 48

»l-U baida 2
desert, steppe, wilderness, jli bidär seedtime
wild
jXJ tabdlr waste, squandering, dissi-

•IjuI ibdä* expression, manifestation, pation

declaration
jJL. mvbaddir aquanderer, wastrel,

jlj fiödm apparent, evident, obvious, spendthrift

piain, visible; inhabiting the desert; pl.
«3Xj look up alphabetically
*1 jj budäk Bedouins

«jaL bädiya desert, semidesert, steppe Ji badala % u (badi) to give or spend frecly,

peasantry; (pl. s\j> bouwdin) nomads, generously (* s.th.); to sacrifice (* s.th.);

Qedouins to expend (* s.th.) ; to offer, grant ( * s.th.) |

•X^r- Ji (jahdahü) to take pains; Ji

öIaj bidäya = S»ljb
ljj^£do.;».uLn jTji (Jeuüa mumadatin)
to grant every assistance; ^L-11 Ji to
i 6o^o- n {ba44) to get the better of (*),

beat, surpass
make efforte; J itliJl Ji to obey s.o.,
(• s.o.)
defer to s.o.; JU JT Ji (Jeuüa gälin) and
i bad& and iL» bädd elovenly, untidy,
JWI Ji to spare no
J_k- J ij*^-J\j
shabby, fitthy, squalid
effort, go to any length, give everything,
Sili badäda Blovenliness, untidiness, pay any price for or in order to; Ji

ehabbiness, d^tineaa, filth <4*-j »l. (maa uuihihi) to sacrifice one's

honor; (O^ jp or) ö~& öji <-Ü Ji to
1i badaa a to revile, abuse (J* s.o.), rail
sacrifice o.s. for s.o.; <*-j Ji (ivus'ahü)
(J* at s.o.);
—
^.ij fautt'a a, ji farfu'a u
to do one's utmoat, do one's best T to
to be obscen* bawdy
fritter away one's fortune, be over-

*iSM ^4* disgusting, loathsome, nause- generous; to prostitute o.s. (woman); to

oua, foul, dirty, obsoene, bawdy, ribald displaycommon, vulgär manners VIII to
wear outin common service, make trite,
*\X> badä* and !»li badaa obscenity,
vulgär, commonplaoe to hackney (* ,
ribaldry, foulness (of language) ; disguat,
s.th.); to abuse (* s.th.); to express o.s.
loathing, aversion, contempt
in a vulgär manner, use vulgär language
^-i badaka a to be baughty, proud 4_jÜ JJcjI to degrade o.a., demean o.e.,

sacrifice one's dignity

i-i badak luxury, pomp, splendor;
haughtiness, pride Ji badl giving, spending; sacrifice,

bädik pl. j-Jl>. bawädik* high, surrender, abandonment; expenditure;

f*\i
haughty offering, granting
lofty; proud,

Üi badia suit (of clothes)

jXt badara u {badr) to sow, disseminate (*

B.th., seed, also fig. = to spread) II to JJL. mibdal pl. JSL. mabÖdiP s lipper;

waste, squander, dissipate (* s.th.) pl. JjL. casual clothing worn around
home | JSL. j O^U so-and-so in his
jii badr pl. jjii budür, jli bidär
private life
seeds, seed; seedling; pl. jji pips, pits,

stones (of fruit) JlJbi ibtidäl triteness, commonness,

commonplaceness banality; debasement,
;
ijXt badra (n. un.) a seed, a grain; pip,
degradation
pit, stone (of fruit); germ; (fig.) germ
cell (of a development, and the like) JiL bädü spender
 ;

49
•je

JJLi* mutabaddil vulgär, common outaide |

l_^j \j barran wa-bahran by
land and sea
Jo~* mvbtadal trite, hackneyed, banal,
common, vulgär ; e veryday , common- ,jj barri terrestrial, land (adj.); wild
place (adj.) (of plante and animals) j SJL \j IjL-
(aayyära, mä'iya) amphibious vehicle
x
j haira (Ist pera. perf. barirtu, barartu) a *

(bin) to be reverent, dutiful, devoted; *lj barrtya pl. ^j j I barärly open

to be kind {• or i_> to s.o.); to be chari-
country; steppe, desert; see also x
\j

table, beneficent, do good («_» to s.o.); to <j\j barräni outside, outer, exterior,
obey (• s.o., esp. God); to treat with external; foreign, alien
reverence, to honor («_» or • the parents};
3
j burr wheat
to be honest, truthful; to be true, valid
(sworn Statement); to keep (<_j a promise, 1
l_r bara'a a ( v bar') to create (* s.th., said
anoath) II to Warrant, justify, vindicate;
of God)
to acquit, absolve, exonerate, exculpate,
*j bar* creation
clear (a, » s.o., s.th.) <_> <^-j jj {wajhahü)
|

to justify o.s. by IV to carry out, fulfill *jj bariya pl. -ät, Ll_r baräyä creation
(* s.th., a promise, an oath) V to justify (= that which is ereated); creature; Bee
o.s.; to be justified 2
alBO _r.

j birr reverence, piety; righteousness, ^ jUl tU-bäri' the Creator (God)

probity; godliness, devoutness; kindness;
Z
\$J bari'a a (U\j barä'a) to be or become
charitable gift
free, be cleared (j* from, esp. from guilt,
j barr and jL bärr pl. j\j\ abrär and blame, etc., Jl toward s.o.); to recover
Ijj barara reverent, dutiful (i_> toward), (j,- from an illness) II to free, clear,
devoted (o to); pioua, godly, upright, acquit, absolve, exculpate (» s.o., j- from
righteous; kind suspicion, blame, guilt) 3*-U \j
|
J*-_^l

*ji+ mabarra pl. -ät and jL. mabärr2

(sähaia r-rajul) he acquitted the man
IV to acquit, absolve, discharge, exculpate
good deed, act of charity, benefaction;
(• s.o.); to eause to recover, eure, heal
philanthropio Organization ; charitable
home (* s.o.) 4i-j \j\ (dimmatahü) to clear
institution, or hospital set up with |

private funds
s.o. or o.s. from guilt, exonerate s.o. or
o.s. V to clear o.s. (j* from suspicion,
j jü tabrlr justification, vindication
from a Charge), free o.s. (^ from respon-

jL bärr reverent, sibility, etc.), rid o.s. (,y, of); to declare

faithful and devoted;
see also under j barr above o.s. innocent, wash one's hands (^ of);
to be acquitted X to restoro to health,
Jjs* mabrür (accepted into the grace eure, heal (« s.o.); to free o.a. (^ from),
of the Lord, i.e.) blessed (said of a
rid o.s. ((>. of)
deceased person)
»j bur* and *jj burü* convalescence,
j >* mubarrir pl. -ät justification
recovery
excuse |
a] jj* )} (mubarrira) unjusti-
*' pl- *L>y' abriyä' 2
fiable *<Sj & ar , *\j burä',
birä' free, exempt (^ from), devoid
%
j barr land (as opposed to sea), terra firma, ((>• of ) ; guiltless, innocent ;
guileless,
mainJand; open country; \j barran out, harmless; healthy, sound
 ;

50
*Ji

*\j barä* free, exempt (^ from) [ *iö jj}\ al-barbar the Berbers

,> *'y (<Wmma*uAö) he is innocent of ...

tfjj barbari Berber (adj.); barbaric,
U\j barä'a being free; disavowal, with- uncivillzed (pl.; —
»j\j baräbira) a
drawal; innocence, guiltlessness; naivete, Berber; a barbarian
guilelessness, artlessness; (pl. -ät) Ucense,
*ij j barbariya barbar(ian)ism, barbar-
diploma, patent fjj^-l ••'y patent on
|
ity, savagery, cruelty
an invention; Ö—iüJl «>l^ exequatur {a
written authorization of a consular officer,
;>u muiabarbir barbaric, uncivilized

issued by the govemment to which he look up alphabetically

urAJ_r
is accredited) ; üJl l*\j b. ai-tiqa (Tun.)
ijiuj barbU (syr.) tube (of a narghile, of an
credentials (dipl.) ; l*\j
J* harmless
without guilt, innocent enema, etc.)

4jj-3 tabri'a freeing, exemption; acquit- !nij barbafa to splash, paddle, dabble (in

tal, absolution, discharge, exoner&tion water)

«TjL. mubära'a mubarat, divorce by tjjij (It. barbone) barbüni, also bjtj red
mutual consent of husband and wife, muilet (Mullus barbatus; zool.)

either of them waiving all claims by way

\jj see <tj
of compensation (Isl. Law)

»\j\ ibrä' acquittal, abeolution, release; ij~uj barbia barbel (zool.)

releaae of a debtor from his liabilities,

JLJ_r burtugäl Portugal
remifision of debt (Isl. Law)
JUjj burtugäli Portuguese
*\jc^\ iatibrai J*A-I »ljc-1 ist. al-hamal
the ceremony of aelecting and purifying JUjy burtuqäl, ü\Jüj burtuqän orange

the Host before Mass (Copt.-Chr.) jUjy burtuqäli tlj\jüj burtuqäni orange,
orange- colored
j\j*r^ji baraguwäy Paraguay
jj buttun pl. ij\j barätin 9 claw, talon
Jj jljJI al-bvräzxl Brazil
V_r V to display, show, play up her charms
{Sf-^j (Fr- brasserie) bräaerl beer parlor,
(woman); to adorn herseif, make herseif
taproom
pretty (woman)

f\j Prague burüj, *^\j\ abräj tower;

'ry. burj pl. ^jj
a\j\j (Fr. paravent) baravän folding screen Castle; sign of the zodiac | *\^-\ -rj b.

al-hamäm pigeon house, do vecot ; r_j

l>l_r bdrahmä Brahma
•Uli b. al-miyäh water tower
4j j birba and ijj birbä pl. jl j baräbi
'i^-jL bärija pl. rJji bawärij3 warship,
ancient Egyptian temple, temple ruins
battleship; bärge
dating back to ancient Egypt (eg.) ;

labyrinth, maze ^j-U- jJl t_-jJ lab al-birjäs a kind of equestrian

contest, joust, tournament
jf-j barhak pl.
f-\j baräbik* water pipe,
drain, culvert, sewer pipe '^j-tft-jti al-birjia Jupiter (ostron.)

jj barbara to babble noisily (e.g., a large J»-_f barjal pl. J»-I_r baräjiß compaas, (pair
orowd), jabber, mutter, prattle of ) dividera
 ;

61 >j!

*+j burjuma pl. ^\j baräjim* knuckle, ij bard coldness, chilliness, coolness;

finger Joint cooling; alleviation; cold, catarrh

ij barad hail, ~**j barada un.)

^j- bariha a (r\j baräh) to leave (* or ^& hailstone
(n.

place, Jl for), depart (* from, Jl on

one's way to); with neg. to continue : ijj barüd collyrium
to be (= Jlj) j rj l* he iß still in ...;
| ;
jjy burüd coldness, coolness, chilliness;
Lii r; U (ganiyan) he U still rieh; rj emotional coldness, frigidity
•LU-'I (Ipafa) the matter haa come out,
has beoome generally known; ryj 1j£ •ijj burüda coldness, coolness, chil-

to come and go II to beset, harass, liness ; emotional coldness, frigidity |

trouble, molest (<-» s.o.) III to leave >-iJI lijj b. ad-dam cold-bloodedness

(* a place, Jl for), depart (* from, Jl on «j-iy bardiya ague, feverish chill; see
one's way to) also below

-1y baräh depart ure; oessation, stop; *\)j buradä** ague, feverish chill
a wide, empty tract of land, vast ezpanse,
•*\j barröda cold-storage plant; re-
vastness; U-ly barähan openly and
frigerator, icebox
plainly, patently
-b jü tabtid cooling, chilling ; cold
£j\J tabärih* agonies, torments (e.g.,
storage, rofrigeration ; alloviation, mit-
of longing, of passkm)
igation | -ü^ll jl+r J^Aöz at-t. cold-

o-jL. mvbäraha departure storage plant, refrigerator ; -1>>JI **jf-

ffurfat at-t. cold-storage room

«-jLi bärih (showing the left side, i.e.)

ill-boding, inauspicious, ominous (as jjL bärid cold ; cool, chilly ; easy
opposed to f\**)i ^jUI al-bärika yester- weak; stupid, inane, silly, dull; dunce,
day blockhead | öjU v>l (korb) the cold

war; ojU i*-^ an easy prey; jjIj ^*s.

o-jUl al-bärikaia yesterday «^-jUl ÜJJl | f
( ai$) an easy life; ojIj <*: (hujja) a weak
(Zatioto) last night; o-jUl Jjl awwala
argument; jjL ;J (tibg) light, mild to-
l-b. the day before yesterday, two daye
baeco
ago
*s* mvbarrid cooling, refreshing; pl.
-JU mu/wirrtA violent, intense, ex-
•öl refreshments (beverages, etc.)
cruciating, agonizing (esp., of pains)
i_A* mubarrad cooled, chilled
o_ -ju mudarraA &»Ai stricken, afflicted,

tormented
2
*j barada u to file (* a piece of metal, etc.)

jly barräd fitter (of machinery)

l
*j barada u to be or beoome cold; to cool,
cool off (also fig.); to feel cold; to cool, • jly biräda fitter's trade or work
chil) {* s.th.); to soothe, alleviate (* *jly buräda iron filings
pain); — baruda u to be or become cold
*j^ mibrad pl. jjL. mabärid 1 file, rasp
II to make cold (* s.th.); to refrigerate
(* s.th.); to cool, chill (* s.th., also fig.); j^ turd pl. *\j\ abräd garment
to soothe, alleviate (* pain) V to refresh
lij burda Mohammed 's outer garment
o.a., oool o.s. off; to be soothed, be
alleriated VIII to become cold, cool off oliy burdäya curtain, drape
 >j! 52

*ij- IV to send by mail, to mail (* a letter) jjj burüz prominence, protection,

6arW post, mail Protrusion

Ojj;
|
^^i-l 4j jO! (jawui)
air TTiail
j\j biräz exorement, feoea; oompeti-

j4j^ &arid{ portal; messenger, oourier;

tion, oontest, match (in sporta) ; duel

mailman ~*jj buraiza (birSza; eg.) ten-piaater

coin
*jjjb look up alphabetioally
jj abraz 1 more marked, more
I
diatinc-

*if*j bardi, burdl papyrus (bot.) tive; more prominent

Sjjlt 6ardlya pl. -ät papyrus | Cj\j jjJI ]* •jjL» mubäraza competition, conteat,
't/m oJ-6. papyrology match, esp. in sporta; duel; fencing

3\±j bardäq pl. Jj-ily barädiq* jug, pitcher jlj-1 ibräz bringing out, displaying,
setting off, accentuation ; production;
r->jOl i^«J la'ö aJ-6. bridge (game) preaentation

jk»^ bardaka to poliah, burnish (* a.th.) Jjb bäriz protruding, projecting, sa-
lient; raised, embossed, in relief; marked,
itiy = Itiy distinct, oonspicuoua ; prominent (Per-
sonality)
jl*i_r = d\Jüj
jjw mubarriz surpassihg (J* s.o.),
uSj«/ bardaqüS (= ^jii^) marjoram superior (J* to s.o.); winner, victor (in

contest)
•jjjy {Fr. ftorrfure) bardüra ourbstone, curb
JjL» mubäriz competitor, contender;
4*i_r barda'a pl. £ilj. öard^i* 1 saddle, pack- combatant, fighter; fencer
aaddle (for donkeya and cameis)
jr jr (Fr. priae) briz pl. -ät (plug) socket, wall
^jlj- barä4i'i maker of donkey sad-
plug, outlet (syr.); \jj bariza pl. y\j
dies, aaddler
bartfiz* do. (eg.)

öj'ij btrdaun pl. ^ily barädin* work horae,

*'jy) look up alphabetioally
jade, nag
*ö\jj barazän trumpet
l
j_r baraza u to oome out, show, appear, oome
into view, emerge; to jut out, protrude, £j_r barzaip pl. £jlj; baräzik* interval, gap,
stand out, be prominent (also fig.); to break, partition, bar, obatruction; isth-
aurpaas, exoel
(J» s.o.) II to cause to mus
oome out, bring out, expose, ahow, set
JjJ-r burzüq sidewalk
off, accentuate {* a.th.); to excel, surpaas
(j J* B -o. in), stand out (j for), dia- 1
^U -r binäm pleurisy
tinguish o.a. (j by) III to meet in
combat or duel
i
f-iJ,
I look up alphabetioally
(• s.o.); to compete in a
oontest ( with s.o.) IV to cause to come '^j- birsim olover, speoif., berseem, Egyp-
out, bring out, expose, make manifest tian olover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.;
(* a.th.); to publish, bring out (* a book, bot.)
etc.); to present, show (m e.g., an identity
card) V to evacuate the bowel« VI to vie,
1
iSJ buri pl. jilyl abräi mat
oontend
J-j\ abraS* spotted, speckled
 63 4J.

%
<J>j \ look up alphabetically proficient V to oontribute, give, donate

^-L» (bai4) soft-boiled

(u> s.th.); to undertake (voluntarüy, ^
cJ-j birUt: c-Jj;
s.th.), volunteer (^ for), be prepared,
eggs
willing (u> to do s.th.); to be ready, be

4jJ.j bar&ilöna Barcelona (seaport in NE on hand (u-> with)

Spain) lAj bara'a skill, proficiency; efßciency,

capability, capacity
J.j barSama to stare, gaze (Jl at s.th.); to

rivet (> s.th.) \*jj buriia superior skill, outatanding

proncienoy
Ir'j barSama riveting
fyü tabarrv' pl. -ät gift, donation;
j»Li_r burSäm and <jL5_r (n. un. •) pl. -ät
contribution
wafer; Host (Chr.)
f-jU ftört' skilIed, skillful, proficient,
<*\J>j burSäma rivet
capable, efficient; brilliant, outstanding
j£\-*j burSämji riveter (work of art)

l&jf'j burSamjiya riveting

bar'ama to bud, burgeon, sprout
fj
1
*j
Lr
barifia a (baraf) to be a leper
bur'um pl. harä'im* and p*_r
fj f\j
^j burp wall gecko (Tarentola mau- bur'üm pl. £plj- öor^Jm" bud, burgeon;
ritanica, zool.) blossom, flower

^j barap leprosy
Ltjej burgül pl.»i-*l_r 6arögt/ B flea;pl. •l~*\j
^j <i abraf 2 leproua; leper |
^j\ *L- (syr.) small silver coins |
^»»Jl t>jfij b.
>

aämm a. wall gecko al-bakr shrimp {zool.)

x
\^j burpa stock exchange jii^ bargaS (coli.; n. un. •) gnat(s), midge(s)

^j baratfa u {^jj burü$) to germinate,

Ji_r &ur£uZ cooked, parehed and crushed
Bprout (plant) wheat, served together with other food
(eg., syr.)
j^j barfüz: 4j»^*«JI j^j b. al-bahriya fore-
castle, crew quarters (on a merchant (Turk. J.JJ* burfa) bürgt pl.
J.j J.\j t

vessel) barägi screw

*Uy barpi'a (**bj barfa'a) to galJop jij birfir pl. ji\j baräfir* purple

JUy barfaia i*^j barfala) to bribe (« s.o.)

Äij j look up alphabetically
II tabarfala to take bribes, be venal
^Sy baraqa u to shine, glitter, aparkle, flash j

J-U_r birfil pl. JJ-ly baräfiP bribe

»IjJl cjj- (samö'u) there was lightning
1 Ij- barpuna to rave, talk irrationally IT = I; to emit bolts of lightning
(cloud); to flash up, Light up; to brighten
>jl»j- ftur/üm, barfüm trank of an
(face); to cable, wire, telegraph (Jl to)
elephant
3j barq pl. 3jj burüq lightning; flash
2
uL^r barfamän pl. -Ä (*yr., e^.) talj earthen
of lightning; ielegraph |
^_-U 3j (kvUab)
or glase vesael (for preserres, oil, eto.)
lightning without a downpour, used flg.,

fj bara'a a to surpass, excel {• s.o.); (also e.g., of s.o. given to making promises
baru'a u) to distinguish o.s., be skillful, without ever living up to them
 4J.

jy barqi telegraphic, telegraph- (in x

i!y baraka u to kneel down II and IV to
Compounds) make (* the camel) kneel down II to

ÄJj barqlya pl.

invoke a blessing (J* or j on s.th., J
-ät telegram, wire,
cable
on s.o.) III to bless (j or • s.o., also J
or J*), invoke a blessing on; to give
Jis bariq pl. jJlj- barä'iq 2 glitter,
one's Messing (* to s.th.), sanction
ßhine, gloss, luster Jj*. jjy jj (ma'»
[
(* s.th.) V to be blessed (cj by); to enjoy
dini) lustered, coated with metallic
(i_-> s.th.), find pleasure, deHght (i_j in);
luster
to ask s.o. 'b (^>) blessing VI to be blessed,
3\j buräq Alborak, name of the be praised ; ... i]j\J tabäraka . . . God
creature on which Mohammed made bis bless . . . ! X to be blessed
ascension to the seven heavens (r^j**)
«O birka pl. i]j biralc pond, small
3\j- barräq shining, lustrous, epar- lake; puddle, pool | i»-LJI «T, 6. as-
kling, flashing, glittering, twinkling eibäha swimming pool
3j* mabraq glitter, flash
|
^-Jl 3j<+ J «T/ baraka pl. -ät blessing, benediction |

/* m. %9-yubh with the first rays of the o^JI ii» qillat al-b. misfortune, bad luck
raorning sun
fjj-l abrak2 more blessed
jjU bärig: J^VI JjIj 6. al-amal
dL^y tabrik pl. -ät good wish; blessing,
glimpse of hope
benediction
öjU bäriqa pl. JjI^j baioäriq 2 gleam,
iJjL. mubärak blessed, fortunate, lucky
twinkle

Jj« mubriq: ._Jtf Jj« teletype

B
*ilijLr barärlk 2 (mor.) barracks

a
üjJl al-barga Cyrenaica (region of E Ubya) jtfj birkär compass, (pair of) dividera

3
jij) look up alphabetically
l
jlf/ burkün pl. J-.S'ij baräkin 2 volcano

*3j^ look up alphabctically JlT/ burkänl volcanic

i_"*/ barqasa (3-iiy barqnSa) to variegate, i)\lj barlamän parliament

|
paint or daub with many colora (* jU.^ barlamänl parhamentary
s.th.); to embellish (* s.th.; «Jy one's
*-Jli j- barlamäniya parliamentarianism
speech) II tabarqaSa reflex. and pass. of I

(jtij- birqis finch Jlly (It. brillante) brillanti brilliant, dia-

mond
<iij- barqasa colorful raedley, variety,
variegation ,>.Jy bariin Berlin

J*^* mubarqai colorful, vaxiegated,

l
mj barima a (baram) to be or become
many-colored
weary, tired (i_j of), be fed up, be bored
>Äj barqa'a to veil, drape (*, • s.o., s.th.) (^ with), find annoying, weariaome (<->

II tabarqa'a to put on a veil, veil o.a. s.th.) V to feel annoyed (<-> by), be dis-
pleased (<-> with); to be fed up (^ with),
ßjj burqu' pl. -jly baräqi'* veil (worn
be sick and tired (<-> of, also j*); to be
by women long, leaving the eyes exposed)
;

impatient, discontented, dissatisfied; to

3J»j barqüq (coli.; n.un. 1} plum grieve, be pained

 ;;

55

*j barim weary, tired (_> of), dis- tiöjLj- (Engl.) barmänant permanent wave |

gusted (i_j at, with); dissatisfied, dis- jjUI J* <^*jL^ cold wave (in hair)

contented
j*j barmaq pl. j*\j barämig 2 baluster;
ajü tabarrum wearineas, boredom, dia- spike (of a wheel}
guat; discontent, disaatisfaction; uneasi-
nesa, discomfort, annoyance oLfty baramhät the seventh month of the
Coptic calendar
^jc* mutabarrim croaa, peevish, vexed,
annoyed tlßc^s Birmingham

a*yj barmüda the eighth month of the Coptic

[j barama u (barm) to twist, twine (* a
2

rope); to shape (* s.th.) rouild and long; calendar

to roll up (* the sleeves) ; to settle, 2

J-jy bar mil pl. J^ij- barämil barrel; keg,
establish, confirm (* B.th.) IV to twist,
cask; tun
twine (a a rope); to aettle, establish,

confirm (* s.th.); to conclude (* a pact); 4-jj barniya pl. Jl^ baräniy clay vessel

to confirm (» a judicial judgment); to

barnämaj pl. *ly barämij 2 program,
ratify (* a treaty, a bill) VII to be aet- f\jj
plan, achedule; roater, liat, index; cur-
tled, be established, be confirmed; to be
riculum
twisted, be twined

^\j~j burunjuk gauze, crepe

<*\j barräma pl. -at drilling machine
1
fj barim rope; ßtring, cord, twine J_r burnua pl. ^pjlj- baränis 2 (also ^^y
1_r

fcam&s, &wrnü« pl.

Lr-ü^j baränis 2 ) bur-
<t j barrima pl. -at drill, borer, gimlet,
noose, hooded cloak; caaula, chasuble
auger, bit; O oorkscrew
(of Coptic priesta) >jr>J. 6. oZ-
rW-
O *^ J barrimlya spirochete hammäm bathrobe

*\j\ ibräm aettle ment, eatabliahment; ^'^ baräniai pl. -iya maker of bur-

confirmation; concluaion (of a pact, etc.);

ratification | Aj^j <J
*jd\ <£* mahkamat 2 Ji^l JL».
1 _r
j'i&öJ al-baränt« the Pyrenees
wn-naqd wa-l-t. Court of Cassation (Eg.)
3
Jy ftrins prince
rjjv> mdbrüm: O +jj* tiü— • (silk) wire 1 _r

rope, cable i-jj-Jy brinsesa princesa

«•jm mubram firm, strong; irrevocable,

iajy II tabarnafa to wear a hat
definitely established; confirmed, rati-
Ü»Jy burnaita pl. -ö(, JaJ'j' &aränif a
fied |
ajv »Lii (gada) inescapable fate;
(European) hat (men'a and women's)
itjw «j>^j irrevocably
lamp ahade
2 ~<tj burma pl. * j buram, a\j biräm earthen-
*»j burha pl. burahät, «j burah a while, a
ware pot
time ; ahort time ; instant, moment
Lj* burmä Burmo <aj burhatan a little while |
^p^j -Uj

(after two moments =) in a ahort time

<jL/ barmä'i amphibious | <J\+j LLj (dabo
bäba) amphibious tank (mil.) ±j barJtam (syr.) = *j* wtarAam

O V-j 1
barmä'iya amphibian jPj bardhman pl. 5**lj- barähima Brahman
 66

<~**j barahmiya Brahmanism take in hand (J B.th.), set out to do s.th.

(J), enter, embark (J upon); to break

barhana to prove, demonstrate
j»_r (J* or forth (j* from); to get going; to break
'er s-th.)
out, let fly, explode (with words, esp.
jUj- burhän pl. J*\j barähin* proof in anger or excitement)

ÄUy barhana proving, demonstration ,jj baran dust, earth

•jj barwa waste, scrap *i)j barräya, j»^j^l i,\j b. al-aqläm

pencil Bharpener
JJU-Jjj- brotostanti Protestant; (pl. -ün) a
l\j* mibräh pocketknife
Protestant
• IjL* mubärdh pl. C-»L jL* mubärayät con-
iJüb-Jjj brotostantiya Protestantism
test, tournament, matoh (in games and
j—jjj (It. proUsto) brotostö protest (of a bill sports); competition, rivalry
of exchange)
jLi : Lj-jL ,_^ill Jtfrl a'fi l-qausa UU
riyahd give the bow to h\n\ who knows
6^yjj brotoköl protoeol
how to shape it, i.e., always ask an
üyjj brOtOn proton e xpert

jLi* mviabärin partieipant in a oon-

f\j*rjJ brogräm program
test, contestant, contender; competitor,
tjrjj buTÜji pl. -fya trumpeter, bugler
rival

jjj barwaza to frame

*\>_j see Aj and lj
jljj- barwäz, binoäz pl. jj\j baräwiz*
frame üILjj> barifäniyä, birifdniyä Britain, ULLy
^Ji-Jl (vzmä) Great Britain
^jj (It. Pruseia) burüsiyä Prusaia
jU^j> barifani, birifdnl British; Bri-
^jj burüsi Praasian tannio

**jj and 43jj (It. prova) bröva, bröfa pl. -dt l

y bazza u (bau) to take away, steal, wrest,
test, experiment; proof sheet; rehearsal snateh (* * from s.o. s.th.), rob, strip
(* » s.o. of s.th.); to defeat, beat, out-
jjj %
(Fr-) bronz bronze
atrip, excel (* s.o.), triumph, be vic-
tS'jjj bronzi bronze, bronzy ^ «J 1
t | toriouB (. over) Till to take away, steal,
tfyjjJI ('«*») the Bronze Age pilfer (* s.th.); to take away, snateh
l
tSJ, barä * (&wy) to trim, shape (* s.th.), nib
(a money, J* from s.o.); to rob, fleece

(* a pen), sharpen (* a pencil); to Scratch (• s.o.) |

^Ul i}\j*\ jül to lift money out
off, scrape off (* s.th.); to exhaust, tire of people's pookets, relieve people of
out, wear out, emaciate, enervate (• b.o.),
their money
sap the strength of (•) III to vie, com- Jljül ibtixdz theft, robbery; fleecing,
pete (• with s.o.), try to outatrip (• s.o.) robbing (of s.o.)
VI to vie, compete, contend, be rivals;
to meet in a conteet, try each other's
• j bazza u to bud, burgeon

strength (esp. in games and Sporte) TU to j buzz, bizz pl. jlj. bizäz, Jl>l abz&z
be trimmed, be nibbed, be sharpened; nipple, mammilla (of the female breast);
to defy, oppose (J s.o.); to undertake, teat, female breast
 ; ;

57

a
> bazz pl. jj'j busüz linen; cloth, dry gooda jU fiöztn pl. «1_> buiöA, Jl^j bawäzin, jl>j
tfzän falcon
*j bizza clothing, clothes, attire; uni-
form *^"j *j (rasmlya) uniform and ^Lj
|
^pj fco« i-j !>(M5a pl. fiwäs cat

jl> bazzäz draper, oloth merohant

Lj 6o*o*a a (.^-j 6cm') to treat amicably
«j\j bizäza cloth trade (i_j s.o.); to be intimate, be on familiär
terms (<_« with)
jy y t
bazbüz pl. >jl> bazäbiz 2 nozzle, spout
UjIjLj besäräbiyä Bessarabia
j'j bazara * (bazr) to sow
^L-J basbäs, 1-L-j basbäsa (eg.) mace (fio(.);
j'j bizr pl. jjj buzür seed(s); pl. jljrl
(wiojf.) fennel
abzär andy jUI abäzir* spiee

4~>~-j 6<m6üäi («£,) paatry made of

«j> At'zra (n. un.) seed; kernet, pip,
flour, melted butter, sugar and oil
pit, stone (of fruit); germ

jl_> bazzär seedsman (Fr.) baaiiliya pastilles, lozenges

1
»j'j buzaira pl. -ät epore (6o(.) üU-j bustän pl. (>jL_j 6a*ö7tn a garden

fy bazaga u to break forth, oome out; to Jli-j tuaiänt gardener; garden (adj.);

dawn (day) to rise ; (sun) horticultural

buzüg appearance, emergence oL-j ftaatana gardening, horticulture

fj'j
rise (of the eun) a
jji-j (Fr. j)tÄ(OTt) feiatö», ,>—t (Engl.) bistan
pl. ^.I—j basätin 2 piston
3j bazaqa u (bazq) to spit

3
Jlj- buzäq Bpit, spittle, saliva J>i-J (It. bastone) bastüni spades (suit of
playing cards)
**!> bazzäqa snail; cobra

ü>* 771162050 pl. JjL> maMzt^9 spittoon, ä*»-j fttwia Easter; Passion Week (CÄr.)

cuspidor
j_j ftoaaro « (j_y-> busür) to scowl, fröwn; —
x
Jy bazala u (bazl) to eplit (* s.th.); to pierce basara u (basr) and VIII to begin too
(m s.th.), make a hole (* in); to tap, early (* with), take prämature action,

broach (* s.th.; a cask); to puneture, be rash (* in s.th.)

tap (« s.o.; med.); to clear, filter (* a j~i buar (n. un. "») pl. jL-j biaär unripe
liquid) dates
J_> bazl puneture, tapping, paracenteeis j_^U bäsür pl. j^jt bawä&ii2 hemor-
(med.) rhoids
Jlj- buzäl bung (of a cask)
i*-j basafa u (bas}) to spread, spread out
J>* mibzal pl. JjL* mabäzil* spile,
(* s.th.); to level, flatten (* s.th.); to
ßpigot, tap; cock, faucet enlarge, expand (* s.th.); to ßtretch out,

extend (* s.th.) ; to unfold, unroll (* s.th.)

a
ü> (It. j)weW») biziüa and V_> green peaa
to grant, offer, present (* s.th.); to sub-
rj\ ibzim pl. fjLl abäzim* buckle, clasp mit, state, set forth, expound, explain

(* s.th., J or Jp to s.o.); to flog (* s.o.;

Cjjaj bizmül bismuth
Nejd); to please, delight (• s.o.) | U,-;

Jsijr bizanfi Byzantine 4-*-lji (diraaihi) to spread one's arms;

 58

J «4*1—11 -b L— j (yada l-musä'ada) to ex- simple souls, ingenuous people

| ^ aJl Lj_j
tend a helping hand to s.o.; »x'Lii 1^-' 6. al-yadain (pl. L— i busuf) generous,
to lay the table; — basuta u (ü>Lj ba* openhanded
eäfa) to be simple, openhearted, frank,
iL—Jl al-basita the earth, the world
candid II to spread, spread out, extend,
expand JJL-J basä'ifi elements; simple rem-
(* s.th.); to level, flatten (*
edies, medicinal plants; basic facts
a.th.); to simplify, make simple (* s.th.)
III to set forth, State, expound, explain; ÄLLj basäta simplicity, plainncss
to be sincere (<_* • with s.o. about or in
s.th.), confess frankly (<_j « to s.o. s.th.)
O &j-*\ ubsüta pl. L--U abäsit* rim,
felly (of a wheel)
V to be spread, be unrolled, be spread
out, be extended ; to speak at great L— jl absaf 2 simpler; wider, more ex-
length (J about), enlarge (j on), treat tensive

exhaustively, expound in detail (j a L~-u tab3lt simplification

theme); to be friendly, communicative,
IfU«I inbimt (n. vic. 3) extensity, ex-
sociable, behave unceremoniously, be
tenaiveness, extension ; expansion, ex-
completely at eaae |
ijoA-l j l-;' to
panse; joy, delight, happiness, gaiety,
talk freely, without formality VII to
cheerfulness
spread, extend, expand (intr.); to be glad,
be delighted, be or become happy •tL-L <Löp 'adcda bäsita extensor (aTiaf.)

.L-j basf extension, spreading,

J»-j—i* mabsüf extended, outstretched
un-
rolling, unfolding;
spread out; extensive, large, sizeable;
presentation, State-
ment, explanation, exposition; cheering, detailed, elaborate (book); cheerful,
happy, gay; feeling well, in good health;
delighting, delectation; amusement; (Eg.)
numerator (of a fraction) (tun.) well-to-do
|
oJI L-j 6.

al-yad avarice, greed, cupidity )» >«'

muTibasit extending, spreading;
gay, happy, cheerful; level surface
ik-j basfa extension, extent, expanae;
size, magnitude; skill, capability, abili- <vL-> (Turk.) basturma a kind of jerked,
ties; excess, abundance; (pl. -ät) State- salted meat (eg.)
ment, exposition, presentation; — (pl.
jji-JI al-buajür the Bosporus
J»L_j biaäf) landing (of a staircase); es-
trade, dais, platform (eg.)
J-j basaqa u (3j-i busüq) to be high, tall,

lofty, towering; to excel, surpasa or

iL_j bisäf pl. -ät, Ik-jl absifa, U.--;
{•

busuf oarpet, mg |
ii^JI J»L_j 6. ar-rahma > s.o.)

winding sheet, shroud; iJt-. (*-ij or) -.j*» J-Li bäsiq high, tall, lofty, towering

J* (masalaian, bäht) to raise a

ti^-Jl J»L_j
J—t. mubaiq high, tall, lofty, towering
question, bring a question on the carpet,
also liibll J»L_i (6. ü-munäqaSa) for dis- cJX-j (Fr. bicyclette) biskilet, baskilet bicycle
J*
cussionjv U i»1 —
^J» to bring the mat-
Jl
O^S—.j (It. fciseoöo) ftasiktü biscuit
ter to an end, settle it once and for all
ljjX-j baskawit biscuit
-L—j baeif pl. »Lk_j busafä' 2 simple;
piain, uncomplicated slight, little, mod- 1
basula u (ilL_> 6aadZa) to be brave,
;
J—
»

est, inconsiderable, trivial, trifling; i»-«Jl feariess, intrepid V to scowl, glower X to

name of a poetical meter; pl. »IL-j be reckless, defy death
 ÄJLj baaäla courage, intrepidity propagate, preach {*-> s.th.; a religion,

JLc*l wtibsäl death defiance

a doctrine) |
<~> *—«j ^ (na/*»Afl) to
indulge in the happy hope that ... IV to
J-L hbtt pl. »}U 6iwaW", JJ^ feauxJ-
rej oice (at good news) X to rej oioe
eiP brave, fearless, intrepid be delighted, be happy (o* at s.th., eap.

mustabsil death-defying, heroio at good news], welcome (i~> s.th.); to

takeasa good omen (y s.th.) \\j**- **
j^r-*\
**Lj bisilla peas (kairan) to regard s.th. as auspicious

_j 6a«ama » (feum), V and VIII to smile jJa bi&r joy

i

i*_j bo«ma pl. ftasanuli smile j±i_ bvJtr glad tidings

|.L_j bauäm smiling

^_^j bwbrä glad tidings, good newB
—*- mo6«*m pl. .- L* TTwiäsim' mouth lj\Jj> biSära pl. -äi, J\t» baiä'ir* good
mouthpiece, holder (for cigars, cigarettes,
news, glad tidings; annunciation, proph-
etc.) ecy; gospel; j-'Lij good omens, propitious
fl—Äjl ibtisäm and (n. vic.) ol_il pl. signa |
*jLiJla-p 'ld al-b. the Annunciation,

•öf smile the Day of Our Lady (Chr.)

> IxMmaZa to utter the invocation j±» baixr pl. Ajli bu$ar&* bringer of
J...
äil *-J "In the name of God, glad tidings, messenger, herald, har-
p*.J\ j*-J\
the Benificent, the Merciful" binger, forerunner, precursor; evangelist
(Chr.)
iL—j baamaia utterance of the above
invocation; the invocation itself jiiw tabHr announcement (of glad
tidings) ; preaching of the Gospel ; evan- i

ix-j buaaina kitty

gelization, misaionary activity

^jJj^—j pnkolöji paychologic(al)

tSs^ü tabüri misaionary

^j baSJSa a {bau-, Ülij feztäla) to display a /U tabä&lr1 foretokens, prognostics,

friendly, cheerful, happy mien; to smile; omens, first signs or indications, heralds
to be friendly (J to s.o.), give s.o. (J) (flg.); beginnings, dawn j*»*JI _r-^ '•
|
i

a smile al-fajr the first shimmer of aurora, the

baSüSy baiSäi smiling, first glimpse of dawn

J.jLi_ J\£>
friendly, cheerful tx»
_r
muba&Sir pl. -ün announcer, mes-

üLij baSäSa smile; happy mien senger (of glad tidings) ; evangelist {Chr.);
preacher; misaionary (Chr.)
^ilj bäiS smiling, happy; friendly, kind
^ lr .„- mtutabSir happy,
,
cheerful

C~1j buSt (Nejd, Bahr., Ir.) a kind of claak,

= mLc 'abä'a »^ baSara u to peel (* s.th.); to scrape off,

shave off, Bcratch off (* s.th.); to grate,

cJL> bi&ta (eg.) woolen cloak worn by
shred (* s.th.) III to touch (* s.th.),
Egyptian peasants with to
be in direct contact (* s.th.);

1
Ja balara i, ba&ira a to rejoice, be delighted, have sexual intercourse ( * with s.o. )

at s.th.) II to announce to attend, apply o.s. (* or <~> to s.th.).

be happy (<-*

(as good news; «_* • to s.o. s.th.); to take up, take in hand, pursue, practice,

bring news (.-> * to s.o. of s.th.) ; to spread. carry out (* s.th., a job, a taak, etc.)
 60

jti baiar man, human being; men, ijj&Li baSkür pl. j*T Ltj baSäHr2 poker, fire

nd iron

iSjM baSari human ; human being a

j^j fcoSfcir pl. j*TUj AoASAür" towel
epidermal, skin (adj.) |
&jti ^xX der-

ma tologiat <LLj (It.) btiiüa pl. -dJ bacillus

\fti baSara outer skin, epidermis, ou- JLj baiima a (ba&am) to feel nauseated, be
ticle; skin; complexion disgusted {j. by s.th.), be fed up (,>
with) IV to nauseate, sicken, disgust
~*ijii baiariya mankind, human race
(. s.o.)
•j-t*» mib&ara pl. ji- L. mabäüt* soraper,
grater
jti basam surfeit, satiety, Ioathing,
disgust
•jJL* mubäSara pursuit, practioe; di-

reot, phyaical cause (Isl. Law) ; mvbä» jUJLj baSmär (tun.) lacework, trimmings

saratan immediately, directly

t$j*Ltj ba&ämiri (tun.) laceworker, lace-
jjtxt mabSür : *jj2j* *~»r (jvbna) maker
shredded cheese
J*i> bahnaq ßlipper (worn by fuqaha and
j-iL. mubäfir pl. -ün direct, immediate women)
practitioner, pursuer, Operator; director
i-ij ba&na (magr.) Sorghum, millet
O manager (Eg.); court usher (Syr.)
(mii.) approx.: staff sergeant (Eg. 1939) month of
J
crJUj beJana tbe ninth the Coptic
jJL* j± indirect; »^L. oLU*l (ißäbät) calendar
direct hita
üjLLi baSnüqa pl. JJUj baSänxq 7 kerchief
^ij^Jj baSarüS flamingo tied under the chin (pal.)

*1j baü'a a (UUj basa'a) to be ugly, loath- Cr~> baSnin lotus

some II to make ugly, disfigure, distort
(Jäj
baspa i (bafis, ^.^j 6a^{^) to glow,
(* a.th.); to disparage, run down (* s.th.)

X to regard aa ugly, find ugly or re-

sparkle, glitter, shine; •
— (eg.) u to look

pugnant (* s.th.) i^u fro^^a embers

*±j baii" ugly; offensive, disgusting, ^^ü fta^ij» glow, shine; glimpee, ray

distasteful, repugnant ; unpleasant (e.g., of hope); lustrous, shining

*-1j bau' ugly;

^Laj basaäs lustrous, shining; (eg.)
offensive, diBgusting,
spy, detective
distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant

i*-Lij bai&a ugliness u^ ^ü basbasa

;
(<~««*i basbasa) to wag {*JÖj

9
6t-^ana/)t'At its tail); (eg.) to ogle, make
*1jI abSa' uglier; more repulsire
sheep's eyes, cast amorous glances

\pL look up alphabetic&lly

*i*~*i baska see o»-j

**Üj (eg.; Turk. baska; invar.) different 1

_ r*j ftapura u, basira a (basar) to look, see; to

dilt Yin to lie, prevaricate realize, understand, comprehend, grasp

(*_j s.th.) II to make (* s.o.) see, under-
iJLtj baSSäk bar
stand or realize (* or <~> s.th.), make
ilLLjjl tötitöfc lie, deoeit, trickery (• s.o.) aware (* or *-» of s.th.); to en-
 ;

61

lighten (* » or <-> • s.o. on or as to s.th.); perspicacious, sharp-witted; SjwJl ili»

to teil, inform (j> > or u • b.o. about) nafä&al.-b. sharp discemment, perspicao-

IV to see (*, * s.o., s.th.); to make out, ity

behold, perceive, discern, notice (*, *

r*jl
_
abpar* more discerning
a.o. , B.th.), Bet eyes on (*, ), catch aight
to recognize (*, s.th.); to
«y^J ta&psra enlightenment; Instruc-
of (*, •); * s.o.»
tion, Information
reflect (<-> on), ponder (<-> B.tli.) V to
look (a at), regard (* s.th.); to reflect y^3 tabawur reflection, consideration;

(j on s.th.), ponder (j s.th.) X to penetration, clear-sightedneBS, perspicao-

have the faculty of visual perception, ity

be able to see; to be endowed with

•jJ^ bäptra pl. j**\j* bawfyir* eye
reaaon, be rational, reasonable, in-

telligent; to reflect (j on s.th.), ponder :

* jMaJl al-bafra Basra (port in S Iraq)
Ü s.th.)
j^u bapaqa u to spit (J* on s.o.)
j~mi bofar pl. jU-ül abpär vision, eye-

sight; glance, look; insight; Bight, dis-

uu; 6o^N/a (n. vic.) ezpectoration
(expectorated) spit, spittle, saliva
cernment, perception j-*Jl j-*i short-
|

sighted, myopic; j-»JI gl lamh al-b. JUü bvfäq spit, spittle, saliva

glance of the eye; j-»Jl d?, y-*JI ~i j, «_* mi&paga spittoon, ouspidor
s*J\ jJ. öji (düna), ^-Jl gL > Jil j
(aqaüa) in the twinkling of an eye, in J-aj ba^aZ (coli.; n. un. #) onion(s); bulb(s) |

a moment, in a flaah, instantly; ^J- jUJI J^u 6. al-fa*r sea onion (Scilla venia)
J*
j~*J\ (madä) within sight; ^ ^mi <I he
J^ü bo^oZi bulbous
ü knowledgeable in, he is familiär with
iL--ü buiaita pl. -dt, j*ill *L-~»i

tSj~*i bapart optic(al), visual, oculax r

6. a$-8a r bulb of the hair (anot.)

oUyuu bapriyät optica

_*j bapama u (bapm) to print, imprint (*

*jL-ü ba$ära perception, discemment; s.th.); to stamp (* B.th.); to make, or

perspicaoity, acuteness of the mind, leave, an imprint (* on)

sharp-wittedness 3—«j bapma pl. ba^xmSX imprint, im-

jwü 6ojrtr pl. »Ij^ü &UjWfd ,a endowed pression j

& I <*-«j 6. ai-fcaim stamp im-
with eyesight; aeutely aware (<-> of), print, stamp; £>.L»Vl *—*J fingerprint

having insight (.-> into) ; possesaing knowl-

lj~*i ba&va embers
edge or understanding (^ of), dis-

ceming, discriminating, vereed, knowl- LfÄt ba44 tender-akinned

edgeable, profioient (.-> in), acquainted
**ä) bafa'a a (baf) to cut, alaah or slit open
(«_^ with s.th.)
(* s.th.); to out up, carve up, disseot,
i>«) &o0tra pl. j-*L*ü 6aß<i**r* (keen) anatomize ( ?.th.); to amputate (surg.)

insight, penetration, discemment, under- II to cut up, oarve up, disseot, anato-
standing, (power of) mental perception, mize III to sleep (l> with a woman)
mental vision | Jjwl ^ deliberately, IT to invest capital (*) profitably in a
knowingly; j- »jwü J* OK" to have commeroial enterprise T pass. of II; to

insight into s.th., be informed about trade; to ahop, make purchases X to

s.th.; ijwaJ! ÄiL» discerning, clear-sighted, trade
 £-öj ba4* amputation •Jdü bvf slowness, tardiness | ».Lj
slowly, leisurely, unhurriedly
*_«j büf (commonly, with genit. pl.

of f. nouns, Ä*jkj with genit. pl. of m. bafi' pl. *LLj bifä' slow, unhurried;
>J*j
nouna ; in classical Arabic *-«j with both slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced; tar-
(

genders) some, a few, several dy, late; sluggish, lazy; slow, gradual,

**^L) fti^'a pl. <u^j büja' piece (of

imperceptible | O "j*" »,^j b. at-taraddud

meat); meat; see also &nf above of low frequency (el.)

*_«j 6ud' vulva

lU abfa'* slower | CJi v l^ j. tL>t
(

(guräbi nüh) tardier than Noah's raven,

«Läj bidä'a pl. suLaj ba4ä'i' a goods,
i.e., slower than a ten years* itch (pro-
merchandise, wares, commodities ; that
verbially of b.o. who is very tardy)
which s.o. has to offer, which he haa to
show, with which he
»LLjI ibfä' slowing down, retardation,
is endowed (also
deceleration, reduction of speed; tarry -
attributes, qualities) | i*LiJI jLLi freight
ing, delay; slowness
train; U-L-u ^ *xp U r-j*-' he aaid | »\L>\ Ojj without
delay
what he had intended to say
jLLj
Ju mibtfa' pl. f-^L. maiä^t' 1 dissect-
tabäj,u Blowness; slowing down,
retardation
ing knife, Bcalpel

f-Läj! »&#f mandate for the manage *jjU*j baltäriya pl. -ät battery (el. and mil.)

ment of affairs (Ial. Law) ; partnership

ILLUj bafäfä, Ü»U»j bafäfa sweet potato, yam
in a limited Company, capital Investment

uu mub4i' pl. -ün limited partner

^-i-Uoj baßtia potatoea

(com.) «*LL> 866 jLj

^JLX>*< mtutabtfi' manager, managing

J*J*j bafbafa («LJ«j bafbafa) to quaok (duck)
agent {Isl. Law)
jJaj bafaha a (bafh) to prostrate» lay low,
Sa
t
batf (n. un. •) duck; iL; batfa leather
feil, throw to the ground, throw down
flask | JUI <L calf (of the leg)
(*, . b.o., s.th.) V and VII to be pros-
ßti bafu'a u (».Uj bw}', »IU biß', *»U»j trated, be laid low; to lie prostrate,
bafä'a) to be slow ; to be slowgoing, sprawl, stretch out; to eztend, stretch;
slow-footed, slow-paced; to tarry, linger, to lie

wait, heeitate II to retard, slow down, ^Ll abfafy 9 flat, level; (pl. gkll abä*
delay, hold up (^ Je b.o. in s.th.) IV to fih 2 ) hasin-shaped Valley, wide bed of a
slow down, decelerate, retard, delay, hold wadi
up (a s.th.); to he slow, go or drive
»Uio bafhä'* pl. oIjULj
slowly, slow down ; to be late (je for s.th., c \Ut bifäJk,

bafhäwät basin -shaped valley ; piain,

in meeting s.o.), keep s.o. (je-) waiting
level land, flatland, open oountry; (tun.)
V to be slow, tardy ( j in) VI to be slow,
publio Square
leisurely, unhurried; to go, drive, act or
proceed slowly, leisurely; to he slow- U-Lj bafiha pl. £lU baß'ih 2 wide bed
going, slow-footed, slow-paced; to slow of a stream or wadi; a stagnant, shallow

down X to find slow (*, * s.o., s.th.); to

and broad hody of water
have to wait a long time ( for s.o.), ^LkU munbafih proatrate; flat, level;
be kept waiting (• by s.o.) level land, piain
 ;

>
£j«j bitfik, battik (n. un. ;) melon, water- 0^>*^' i*LLtJ food ration card; «jüLaLI SjILj

melon; bafßk hub (of a wheel; syr.) 6. al-mu'äyada greeting card

oJo~> mabtaku melon patch 1

JLj bafala u (büß, Ö^Lt buflän) to be or
1
ba^ira a to be wild, wanton,
become null, void, invalid, faJse, un-
JLi (bafar)
tenable, vain, futile, wortbJess; to be
recklesa; to be proud, vain; to be dis-
abolished, fall into disuse, become
contented (* with s.th.); to disregard
obsolete ; to cease, stop, be discontinued
{* s.th.) IV to make reckless
to be inactive, be oat of work II to
^Lj bafar wantonness, cockiness, arro-
thwart, foü, frustrate, make ineffective,
gance, hubris, pride, vanity
counteract, neutralize, nullify, invalidate
S^U abäfira (pl.) bona vivants, play- (* s.th.); to abolish, cancel, annul,
boys, epicures suppreas (* s.th.) IV = II; to talk idly,

prattle ; to paralyze, immobiliae, hold

2
»\JtJ\ al-bafrä* Petra (ancient city of Edom-
down, pin down {* the Opponent)
ites and Nabataeans; ruins now in SW
Jordan) JLj butl nullity; uselessness, futility,

vanity; fabity, falsenees, untruth

j-jL batrak pl. j-jlia bafirik* roe (of fish)
Ü LLü bitäla and bafäla idleness, in-
activity; free time, time off, holidays,
^•J*i bulnts Peter
vacations; unemploymeat
J~i_^»j ba^raSil and j£j& &afraJinstole(CAr.)
jUa« baffäl pl. -an idle, inactive; un-

jtjii bifriq pl. üjliu bafäriqa, ,jfej^ 6afdrig a employed, out of work
patrician ; Romaean general ; pengum ö'^ki buflän nullity ; usetessneas, futüHy,
(zool.)
vanity; falsity, untruth; invalidity

iJjLj bafralc, <t\ij*i ba}rik r ilj-_^»J bapriyurk jLLj-i ibfäl th-warting, frnstration, in-
pl. ÜjLLü baßrika Patriarch (aa an eecle- validatiora; ruin, destruction; abolition,
siastic title, Chr.) cancellation

«-S^Lj bafrakiya, <Sj^* bafriyarkiya JtL bäfil nugatory, vain, futile; false,
Patriarchate (Chr.) untrue; absurd, groundleas, baselesB;
worthless; invalid, null, void; deception,
jAv bafaüa i u (batS) to attack with violence;
He, falsehood; JLUL and *&{, bäfitan
to bear down on, fall upon s.o. (<- or j);
falsely; futüely, in vain; pl. J-LU abäfil 9
to knock out (o s.o.); to hit, strike (l_>
vanitres, trivialities, trifles, flimflam, idle
s.th.), land with a thud (l_> on)
talk, prattle
,jiJai 6a(i etrength, power, force,
JL-. mubfil prattler, windbag ; liar
violence; courage, valor, bravery; o-p-

pression, tyranny JL-. mubtal nugatory, futile, vain

<tLi batSa impact Jk^ mulabattü unemployed

z
üLLü bifäqa pl. -ät, jILLj batä'iq2 slip (of JLj ba^ula u (üJlk; batäla, -J_jl»j butüla) to be

paper), tag; Card, calling Card; ticket; la-

brave, be heroic, be a hero

bel | »jijjJl **Uaj calling card; i__*V üLLj JLj batal pl. Jlk)l abfäl brave, heroic;
(ÄiJtfijKi) and «Juj*dl üUü identity card; hero; champion, pioneer; hero, protag-
i-j'iiW ji^il 4*U*> b. al-mawääd at-gitfä'iya, onist (of a narrative, etc.), lead, star
 64
Jh
(of a play); champion (athlet.) |
JUll JLj <Ui bifna gluttony ; overeating, in*

b, al-'älam world champion digestion

ÜLj bafala heroine (of a narrative), üLLj bifän pl. <Ui\ abfina girth (of a

female lead, etar (of a play); woman camel)

champion (athlet.) ÄJILj bifäna pl. JLLj batä'in* inside.

inner side; lining (of a garment); retinue,
ÄJLU bafäla bravery, valor, heroiam
suite, entourage | iJlLj j among, amidst;
iljW ftu/üJa bravery, valor, heroiam; within
Ieading role, starring role (theater, film);
j^Lj bafin pl. üLLj bifän and 0U>-*
championship (athlet.) | «J.UII ÄJ^LJI
rnibfän paunchy, fat, corpulent, stout;
fdtamya) and JUll ÄJ^Wi 6. al-'älam
gluttonous
world championship (afWef.); ^J^LJl jj^
the part or role of the hero, Ieading role
^Li bvfain ventricle (of the heart;
anal.)
<J LLj bafälisa Ptolemies
oILj baftäniya pl. -at, ^\U> bafäfin 2

iü bnfm, bufum terebinth cover; hlanket; quilt

{bot.)

jL»U bäfin pl. jjl»[>j bawäfin* inner,

1
)U> bafana u (bafn, ü^kj fo^Gn) to be
t
interior, inward, inmost, intrinsic ; hidden,
hidden, concealed, to hide; — bafuna u secret; iiUUI coastal piain of E Oman;
(oILj fco/öfto) to be paunchy II to line
L-UL* bäfinan inwardly, secretly |
<_i£jl jLL
(a a garment, <_j a s.th. with); to cover
6. al-kaff palm of the hand; p-üJI jL»L» 6.
the inside («_» * of s.th. with), hang, face,
al-qadam sole of the foot; j-^l jLU j
fill (uj * s.th. with) IV to hide, conceal, s
at bottom, after all, really; J* i\ jWjj the
harbor (a s.th.) V to be lined, have a
factors, circumstances or reasons at the
lining (garment) ; to penetrate, delve
bottom of s.th.; ^j^l jtljj b. al-ard
(a into), become absorbed, engrossed
the secret depths of the earth
(a in) X to penetrate, delve (a into),
become absorbed, engrossed (a in); to J\*l> bäfini internal |
^LL ^ij* (marad)
try to fathom (a s.th.); to fathom (a
internal disease; ^tUl i_JJl {/*"&&) internal

bottom of have medicine

s.th.), get to the (a); to

profound knowledge (* of s.th.), know *-J»Ul al-bäfiniya name of a school of

thoroughly, know inside out (a s.th.) thought in Islam, characterized by
divining a hidden, secret meaning in the
jkj ba\n pl. üj^ai bvfün, jU abfun
revealed texts
belly, stomach, abdomen; womb; interior,

inside, inner portion; depth j

p-UJI
J& üjL-* Tnabfün affected with a gastric or

b. al-qadam sole of the foot; <J&5\ jU b. intestinal ailment

al-kaff palm of the hand; J*J\ aij and

iJ jli^ mvbaitan lined; fiDed (^> with)
il^LJi ,j-*ij raq$ al-b. belly dance; <jLj j
(bafni) in, within, in the midst of; ojhi j *£> II (tun.) to füll (a s.th.)

inside, within, in; l.u-lj Uk> üj-Üj (waladat

üU»Li (Span, batdn) bäfän fulling mill
she gave birth only once; j^i LJ*> (H-

zahrin) upside down 1J»Li bäfiya pl. ^\ji bawäfin pitcher, jug

jLi bafni ventral, abdominal Jöü bazza u to spout, gush out, well out

jU bafin paunchy Jui bazr pl. jjai buzür clitoris (anat.)

 ; ;

65

mu bu'bu* pl. aiUj ba'äbi'* bugaboo, bogey ii-*Li b&it pl. it*\ji bawä'ip incentive,
inducement, motive, Bpur, reason, cause,
f
ii-*> 6a ato a (6a'Z) to send, send out, dispatoh
ocoasion
(Jl u or a, i s.o. or s.th. to); to forward
u or a B.th. to); to delegate or *
mab'üt dispatohed, delegated
(Jl (*_»

emit or * B.th.) ; to evoke, envoy, delegate; repräsentative, deputy

Jl s.o. to) ; to (t_*

arouse, call forth, awaken (* B.th.); to

(in the Ottoman Empire)

stir up, provoke, bring on (* s.th.); to »i-o-u munba'ot source, point of origin
revive, resuscitate (* s.th.); to resurreot

(• s.o., Ojil j* from death); to inoite, u ba'jara {ij*** ba'tara) to scatter, strew

induce (J* to s.th.), instigate (J* s.th.); around,fling about (*s.th.); to disarrange,

to cause (J* s.th.; e.g., aatonishment) throw into disorder (* s.th.) ; to squander,
|

Jt^J-'l «Ja «Jl vi-*> (haxzai ai-ffauf) to waste, dissipate {* s.th.) II taba'tara pass.

Bcare the wits out of s.o.; j ILA-I ^jj xLm jvKf» muba'tar scattered, widespread
(rüha l-kayäh) to breathe life into s.th.
or s.o., revive s.th. VII to be sent out, j ba'aja a (ba'j) to slit open (* the belly);
be emitted, be dispatohed, be delegated; to groove, dent, notch (* s.th.) VII to
to be triggered, be oaused, be provoked; have indantations or notches ; to be
to be resurrected (oJJ j* from death); brutsed, dented, bumpy; to get battered
to originate (j* in), come (j* from), be

caused (j* by); to emanate (fragrance);

m^ munba'ij notched, indented
to arise, spring, proceed, develop (j- 1 ba'uda u (bu'd) to be distant, far away,
from), grow out of (J*) ; to set out to do fax off; to keep away, keep one's distance
s.th. (with foll. imperf.) VIII to send, (jp from); to go far beyond (je-), ezceed
dispatch (» s.o.) by far ( j» s.th.) to be remote, improbable,
;

viüo ba't sending out, emission, dis-

unlikely I fr *i **! ne ^P* *" m a^ay
from; jl .Uj V it is not unlikely that ...
patching, delegation, etc.; resurrection
II to remove (• s.o.); to banish, exile,
pl. ij*i bu'ü$ delegations, deputations |
expatriate (• s.o.) III to cause a Sep-
*i-*Jl
<->J*-
A*2Ä al-b. approz. : Renaissance
aration (,>» between) |
ö^i Jo -i*L
Party, a political party with strong
from attaining
socialist tendencies ; ti-*Jl ^ Day of
•tfJI üyj *o prevent
s.th.; 4JU*-I ju J#\i
s.o.

(ajfänihi) to stare
Resurrection {from the dead)
wide-eyed IV to remove (* s.th.); to
ii«j &a'to pl. ba'atät delegation, deputa- takeaway (* s.th.); to eliminate (* s.th.),
tion, mission; expedition; student ez- do away with (*); to send away, HiRmfra
ohange; group of exchange Btudents; (• s.o.); to expatriate, banish, exile (•
revival, rebirth, renaissance, rise | *i*j b.o.); to ezclude, make unlikely, improb-
*ij$L^. {'aakanya) military mission; ii*j able, impossible (* s.th.); to go or move
1—-L_Jj.s diplomatic mission; *jj\ *i*j (ata- far away; to go very fax (J in or with
Ttya) arohaeological expedition; ii*Jt ,j-uj s.th.) VI to be separated, lie apart, lie

ra'ls al-b. chief of mission (dipl.) at some distance from one another
to separate, part Company, become es-
ij*L 6<Ta Easter (CAr.)
tranged; to move away, go away, with-
j.^» mab'at sending, forwarding, dis- draw, depart (j* from); to keep away,
patch ; emission ; awakening, arousal; keep one's distance (je from); to quit,
— (pl. tts-L* mab&if) cause; factor leave, avoid (j* s.th.) ; to follow in regulär
intervals VIII to move or go away; to consistent (j» with) |
Xju ,y from afar,

keep away, withdraw (,y. from) ; to quit, from a distance; Xju Xj* öl* faA<2) a long
leave, avoid (,y. a.th.); to leave out of time ago; _r ^1 Xju 6. al-atar of far-reach-

consideration, disregard (,y B.th.) X to ing consequence; ^jlill Xju remote in

single out, set aside (* s.th.); to think time, going way back in history, ancient;

remote, farfetched (* B.th.); to regard as jbjl o_*j 6. as-Sa'w high-minded, bold;

unlikely (* a.th.); to diBqualify (» s.o.) ilill Xju 6. aS-Siqqa far apart; j_>ill Xju
6. al-gaur deep; unfathomable; jxll Xju
Xu bu'd remoteness, farness; (pl. jLjI
6. al-madä long - distance, long -ränge;
ab'äd) distance ; dimension ; interval
extensive, far-reaching; ^IkJI Xju 6. an-
(mus.) [ Xu J* and xJI J* in the distance,
nazar farsighted; farseeing; JLÜ.I
far off; jU & Xu J* at a distance of 100 -> . -
;

6. al-manäl hardly attainable, hard to

meters; Xu je. and Xu J* from a distance,
get at; Ixju »_^j to go far away, go to
from afar; il*jl *j"^J ji three-dimensional
distant lands ; Xju Jf «üaJ to look off into
jUt^l <
>'^* giyäa al-a. linear measure;
the distance
UAl Xu 6. al-himma high aspirations,

loftiness of purpose; ÜiJl Xu 6. aS-Hqqa x^u bu'aida (prep.) shortly after, soon

wide interval, wide gap; C-i-JI Xu 6. after

OjS-jSö renown, fame, celebrity; Cjj-d\ Xu Xu I ab' ad2 pl. 0* L I abä'id2 farther,
6. ap-paut do.; ^kJl Xu 6. an-Tiazar far- remoter, more distant; more extensive;
sightednesa, foresight; J Ixu bu'dan li
less likely, more improbable; pl. OpLI
away with . . .
ofcä'ti 2 very distant relatives | Xu^l ö^iJl

Xu ba'du then, thereupon; afterwards, (Axrj) the Far East; Xu^l the absent one
later, after that, in the folkrwing; still, (used as a polite periphrasis for s.o. who
yet Xu afterwards, later; Xu Li see is being criticized or blamed for s.th.;
| |fj
I
L*I; j^jf Xu j* he is only a small boy, also when referring to the Ist and 2nd
he iß Btill young; Xu ot } (yati) he persons)

hasn't come yet 4jjUjI db'ädiya pl. -ät country estate

Xo ba'^ (prep.) after; in addition to, XjtJ tab'td banishment

beside; aside from | . . . «äjf* Xu (W jUj bi'äd distance
nt'Ai) aside from the fact that he is...;
iiJ] i Xu afterwards , after that, later eXt-L. mubaada sowing of dissension,

(on); besides, moreover; iJÜ Xu besides, estrangement, alienation

moreover; ül Xu öa'ffa an (conj.) after; jljul ib'äd removal, Separation, Isola-

il Xu (id), L Xu and L. Xu ,y (fca'di) do.; tion; elimination; expatriation, banish-
4jL- *Xu U 4jL- (aafakun) the height of ment, deportation
stupidity
X^Lj tabä'ud interdistance ; mutual es-
JJxu ba'da'idin then, thereafter, there- trangement
upon, after that, afterwards
Xw mub'ad deported; deportee
O-aj fco'»«* pl. »Ixu bu'adä' z , Xu Äw'uti,
r OpIju mutabä' id separate |
»x>Uit ol jU j
jlxu bu'dän, jUj &t öi distant, far away,
(fatarät) in wide intervals; oljt» j
far (,y. from); remote, outlying, out-of-
the-way; far-reaching, extensive; far-
,^1 j- »4*Lu (zaman) at infrequent inter-

vals, from time to time

fetehed, improbable, unlikely; unusual,
stränge, odd, queer; incompatible, in- mustab'ad improbable, unlikely
 J~
l
j*t ba'r, ba'ar droppings, düng (of animals) «iu bagta surprising event, surprise;
bagtatan, ijj Je 'alä bagtatin all of a
jsaj ba'lr pl. lj*i\ ab'ira, ö\j*i bu'rän, j*LI
sudden, suddenly, surprisingly
abä'ii2 , if jl*j ba'ärin 7 oamel
iü.L. mubägata Budden arrival, sur-
jj*j ba'zaqa (*»j»u ba'zaqa) to scatter, difl-
prising ineident or event, surprise ; sudden
sipate, equander, waste (* s.th.)
attack, raid

Jj*^ mubaziq squanderer, spendthrifb,

ti»Lu bugät pl. üLüj bigtän small birds
wastrel

»jIäj see oili-jj

ijiuo II to divide into parte or portions (*

s.th.) V to be divided, be divisible jJäj II tabagdada to swagger, throw one's

weight around, be fresh (properly, to
j«j ba'd part, portion; one; some, a
few; a little of, some of | »^Lll ^m b.
behave like one from Baghdad)

al-'vlamä' one (or some) of the echolara; iljju bagdäd1 Baghdad

u^*ü jy ff*ä*> li*ij (ra/a'nö) we have bagdädi
ijjI-Uj pl. -ün, ».ubu bagSdida
exalted some of them above the others;
a native of Baghdad
j*-*^ I ,^äJI — (^Jl some — Bome, a few —
others; Läm j--**j one another, each 1
1
i*j
_J
bagaSa a: #^Jl c~üj («md'u) there was
other, mutually, recrprocally ; ^^u j «uiu a light shower
one in the other, within one another;
<Lit bagSa light rain shower
»^1 j4«j ba'da S-Sai* to some extent,
somewhat, a little, rather; Uj'Uil ^^ <LfU 2
<Lia bugSa = iijj
(ba'qUi l-m.) he resembled him somewhat,
8
ÜLu (e^.) bugäSa etuffed pastry made of
to some extent; üß ^Jwtj oy ii* (gar»)
flour, eggs and butter
for the last hundred years and more

ij*j*j bcCüd (n.un. •) gnafcs, mosquitoes iJ

Äii bagida a, baguda u {bugd, i^ilij bagäda)
to be hated, hateful, odious II to make
j^LaJ tab'id division, partition, por-
(• s.o.) hateful (Jl to s.o.) III to loathe,
tioning
detest, hate (» s.o.) IV to loathe, detest,
«0&u bu'küka club, Bociety hate (• s.o.) VI to hate each other

god Baal; land or plante thriv- u^üj bugd, <^üj bigda and »Liij bagdä'*
J*i ba'l the
ing on natural water supply ; — (pl.
hatred, hate

J_j*j buül, *lj*u bu'vla) lord; husband (j^-ij bagtd hateful, odious (Jl to s.o.),

loathsome, abominable
'Am ba'la wife

^u ba'li unirrigated (land, plants) ,_räpLj tabägud mutual hatred

fjsji?* mabgüd detested, hateful, odious

»iLLo ba'labakk 2 Baalbek (ancient Heliop-
olis, village in E Lebanon) c^ür mubgid
» pl. -ün hater; — mvb*
gad detested, hateful, odious
C-u bagata a (bagt r *ik> bagta) to come un-
expectedly, J« bogt pl. JUj bigäl, JLül abgäl mulo;
descend unawares (• upon
s.o.) III do.; to surprise (« s.o.)
iL« bagla pl. bagalät female mule Jbu
VII to be |

taten by surprise; to be taken aback, lj£~Ü\ b. al-ganfara the piers of the bridge

be aghast, be nonplused JUj baggäl pl. -ün mule driver, muleteer

 68

Jü bagä i (»Lo bugä*) to seek, desire, covet, jLi baqbäq garrulous, loquacious; chat-
seek to attain (* s.th.), wiah for s.th. terbox, prattler

(A
). — (bagy) to wrong, treat unjustly ii^JL baqbüqa blister (of the skin)
oppress (J» s.o.), oommit
(J# s.o.); to
outrage (J» upon); to whore, fornicate
t+üu bxtqja pl. pi (wgaj bündle, pack, pack-

VII jJuü it is desirable, necessary; it is age

proper, appropriate, seemly; it ought to

,j-jj-üj baqdünis, baqdünas parsley
be, Bhould be; with J: it behooves him,
with 4_U: he muet, he should, he ought Ju baqara u to split open, rip open, cut open
to VUI to seek, desire (* s.th.), aspire (a s.th.) IV do.
(* to s.th.), strive (* for)
Jkt baqar (coli.) bovines, cattle; n. un.
Jü bagy infringement, outrage, injus-
Ijli baqara pl. -ät cow
tice, wrong
tfjh baqari bovine, cattle-, cow- (in
Jo bagiy pl. LUj bagäyä whore, pros-
Compounds)
titute
jLü baqqär pl. • cowhand, cowboy
l_i* bugya objeot of desire; wiah, de-
sire; bugyata (prep.) with the aim of, ^Jü baqs box, boxwood (bot.)

for the purpose of

oL-Ju buqsumät rusk, Zwieback; biscuit
•Ui bigä' proatitution
l \ h buqSa Yemenite oopper coin
»Uü bugS wiah(ing), desire, endeavor,

effort ^^ili 603ÖÄJ1 present of

*/; baqHS pl.

j«l« mabgan pl. £L* mabägin brothel money; tip, gratuity, baksheesh

coreted things, desiderata,

f L* mabäßin <Ju II to spot, stain, smudge (* s.th.) V to
wishes, desires
become stained, get smudged; to be
•Uiil ibtiga* desire, wiah; ibtig&a (prep.) spotted, Btained
for the purpose of r
AtJu buq*a pl. »Ju buqa , fli biqa
buQäh desiring, oov-
f L bägin
pl. l\*t
smudge, stain; place, Spot',
spot, blot,
eting, striving; committing outrages,
aite; plot, patch, lot
oppressive, unjust; oppresBor, tyrant
jul abqa* 1 spotted, speckled
JZ;* mvbiogan aspired goal; aspiration,
UiL böqVa pl. g\jt bawäqi'* sly dog,
desire, endeavor, effort
shrewd fellow
ou bafta oalioo, Indian cotton cloth
Ji baqala u (baql) to eprout (plant)
jIiäj bifUk beefsteak
(coli.; n. un. 3) pl. J>ü fcwtfüJ,
Jäj 604I
»ji baqq (n. un. !) bedbug, chinoh jJI i_^
|
JU>1 aÄgdi herbs, potherbs, greens, her-
elm {bot.) baceous plante; specif., legumes |
<L-*JJI

jj fagga u (tag?) to give off in abundanoe UUI the Leguminosae ; äjjUI iUJl hya-
cinth bean (Dolichos lablab L.); iUJl
i3Lu baqqäq garrulous, loquacious ; chat- *UJl
»UuJ- 1 (hamqS) purslane (bot.) ;

terbox t prattler orach

i_käjl ({ZoAo6ij/o) garden (6of.);

jJÜ baqbaqa (ÜJu 6056040) to gurgle, bubble, «JU^IUM Üi celandine (6o(.); 4JLLI ili

splutter, purl (water); to chatter, prattle 6. al-malih common fumitory (bot.)

 ; ;

&
JUj baqqäl pl. -ün, Uli baqqäla green- »li ibqa continuation, retention ; main-
I

grocer; grocer tenance, conservation, preservation |»lii

<-L oJS" L.
J* ifU-l maintenance of the
Uli 6*<7<iJa the grocery business
Status quo
•j^Jü baqläwa, \j$m a kind of Turkish de- »Uä-Jk— I istibqa continuation, retention;
light, paatry made of puff paate with maintenance, conservation, preserration
honey and almonds or pistachios
j Li bäqin staying ; remaining ; left

jü baqqam brazilwood remainder {arüh.); lasting, continuing,

permanent, unending; sorviving; living
Ji baqiya a (»li baqä') to remain, atay,
on; everlaating, eternal (God) | il>LtUi
continue to be (J* in a State or con-
oU-LJI the good works
dition); to keep up, maintain
(J* a state
jjl* mutabaqqin residue, remnant, re-
or condition); to be left behind, be left
mainder, rest
over; to laat, continue, go on; (with foll.

imperf. or part.) to continue to do s.th., iL be (Eg. pronunciation) pl. tl>j^£j bakawäl,

kcep doing s.th. to become Sil» j^ i
^\jr bahawät bey
; |
(title of courtesy; cf.
{yabqa fiflan) he is no longer a child II to
loave, leave over, leave behind {* s.th.)
ijj^j bekawtya rank of a bey
IV to make (» a.o.) stay; to retain,
leave unchanged, leave aa it is, preserve, baki' pl. »cnj btkä' having or giving
»Jö
maintain, keep up (* s.th.); to leave, little, sparing (e.g., of words)
leave over, leave behind (* s.th., • a.o.);
j>-Kj bikäsin becassine, snipe (zool.)
to leave untouched, save, apare (J* s.o.,
s.th., e.g., s.o.'s life) V to remain, stay, LtjjJt^j (Fr. baccalaur&U) baJcälßriyä baooa-
continue to be ( J* in a State or condition) laureate, bachelor'a degree
to be left, be left over X to make stay,
^^jjjJcnj bakälSriyüs bachelor (aca-
aak to stay, hold back, detain (• s.o.);
demic degree)
to spare, save, protect (• s.o., * s.th.); to
preserve (* s.th.); to retain, keep {* ^LSÖ (Turk. binbafi) bimbäix, bikbäii major
s.th.); to störe, put away (* s.th.) {mit; formerly, Eg.)

4~äj baqiya pl. [Am baqäyä remainder, cSj II to censure, blame (• s.o.)

rest ; remnant, residue | Jj-Ot iJL b.

sj tabkit blame, reproach
ad-duwal the remaining countries, the
j^M\ remorse
rest of the countries ; vM' V"-" (Jbäqiya)
the last remnant i$j&l bakteri bacterial, caused by bacteria

»LL baqä' remaining, staying, lingering, Lijc^h baktiriyä bacteria

abiding; continuation, continuance, du-
j£ö bakara u to set out early in the morning,
ration ; survival, continuation of ex-
get up early; to come early (Jl to), be
istence after life; immortality, eternal
early (Jl at) II do.; j _^ö and <-» _^ö
life; existence; permanence |
»UJI jb
with foll. verbal noun: to do s.th. early,
the hereafter
prematurely, ahead of its time III to be
JA abqä more lasting, more durable, ahead of s.o. (•), anticipate, forestall
more permanent; better preserving; con- (. s.o.) IV = I; VIII to be the first to
ducive to longer wear, better protecting take (* s.th.), be the first to erabark (*
 70
ß.

on s.th.); to deflower <U a girl); to in- ^j I abkar 2 rising earlier

vent (m B.tb.); to create, originate, start
joX-. mibkär precocious
(* s.th.)
jKsil ibtikär pl. -<ö novelty, inno-
jSCj bakr pl. jSCjI aÄfcar, 0'lj& fraifcrä»
vation; creation; invention; origination,
young camel
first production; initiative; creativity,
_^j WJfcrpL J&l afeifcör fkafc-bom, eklest originality; pl. oljOol specif,, creations
firstling ; lmprecedented, novel, new of fashion, fashion deBigns
virgin; virginal
Jf\i bäkir early; premature; I_^"Ij bä*
tijSsj bikri firBt-boro, first
kiran in the morning ; early (adv.) |

<i_^j bilcriya primogeniture jfUl *-L«aJl j (jSaftöA) early in the morn-

and bakara pL _^j ing; jfl« Jl tili tomorrow

»_^j fcaira fcafcar,

-ö( reel; puBey (mecA.); spool, coil; winch, •jJ*Ij ftöib'ro pi. jflj* bawäkir3 first-

windlasB f
S_^j .L*- fca# b. thread lioge, first produce, early fruits, early
vegetables; pl. first indications or Symp-
»^j bakra: ,,-jI 3_^j J* 'oZä fcajfero*» oÄS-
Aim, -pjl SjSÖ j* and *t*^j J* all toms, heralds, harbingers

without exception, all of them, all to- ^L* mubakkir doing early; early; 1^^*
gether; Lr'^j j» J*W ^-T-^" tne erwd mubakkiran early in the morning, early
went forth as one man
jSo-. mubtakir creator; creative; Inven-
»_^j bukra pL _^j ftutor early morning tar; — - mvbtakar newly created, novel,
bukratan early kt the morning; to-
new, original; (pl. -ät) creation, specif.,
morrow ; on the foUowing day, next day fashion creation, invention *-*>*
f j£=r*
j&j balir coming early; early, prä- (taub) original design, model. dress crea-
mature; precocious tion

j_>SCj bakür and jjf^i bakür coming

r_& bofkraj pl. rj&* bakärij* kettle, coffee
early; early, premature; preeocious
pot
jjS^* bttkür earliness, prematureneas,
premature arrival | Jj*il j t£jj£* fowi)
my early retura
JSCj II to buckle, buckle up, button up
«jKj bakära virginity (* s.th.); to fold, cross (* the arms)

•jISsj bakkdra puUey (meeA.) | »jS^j iJSCj bukla pL JCj bukal, -ät buckle
*-5^- (mwrafcfcaia) set of pulleys, block
4^Ci (It. baceald) bakaläh codfish
and tackle

•jjSj &«jfcüra and «j j_>5o ftufoirfya pri- ^JiJj^i bakalöriyüs bachelor (academic de-

mogeniture gree)

•jjflj fcätüra pl. jS"^j> fcawJÖJfcw3 first-

C bakima a to be dumb; — baknma u
lings; first results, first fruits; beginnmg, to be silent, hold one's tongne IV to
rise, dawn; (with foll. genit.) initial,
silence (» s.o.) V to become silent; to be-
early, first; pl. jS"\jt first signs or indi- come dumb
cations; initial Symptoms; heralds, har-
5^ bakam dumbness
bingers (fig.) |
«TljiJl hjfk early fruit;
&afcmd' a ,
*JI>I yjTU üIT the first thing he did fA abkam*, f. »l£i pl.
^
buibn dumb
 71
&
ol^So and «j_>SÖ see <il> JJ-j tabattul moistneBS, dampness, hu-
midity
Jö bakä i (»t£j bukä', Jö ZwJfean) to cry, weep
over); to bemoan, lament, bewail JjL. mablül, JJL* mubalial, Jx«. mvb*
(J#
{* s.o.), mourn (» for) II and IV to make tau moist, damp, wet

(• s.o.) cry X to move (» s.o.) to teara,

make (« s.o.) cry
3
Ji biül (from Fr. bille):
^ ^f (harrt)
ball bearing

• fo bakkä' given to weeping fre-

-$j see a i_-<
quently, tearful,, lachrymose

£A\ UU- hä'if al-mabkä the Wailing t>j^j, ^t-j "ylj blätln, plätin platinum

Wall (in Jerusalem)

j7^ (Fr. plage) bläi beach
S-J'lj bäkiya pl. iü^j bawäkin waüing-
woman, hired mourner; (eg.) arch, arcade ^sr^i balagrä pellagra

i!Li bäJcin pl. StSvj bukah weeping, cry- ^j"^; baläraj stork

ing; weeper, waüer, mourner

dLi-"^ (Fr. plastiqtte) blästlk plastic

iL. mubkin, mubakkin causing tears,

±>*$j see Jail
tearful; sad, lamentable, deplorable

ii^j (Engl, plug) spark plug (ir.)

j^SC bikln Peking

1
Jj bat (also
with foll. j u>a-) nay, — rather. .
.
ü^j, il^ see jL

(and) even; but, however, yet _LiJ.j balbala to gurgle

8
Jj
balla u (ball) to moisten, wet, make wet 1
)Jj balbala to disquiet, make uneasy or
(*s.th., * s.o.); — balla i to recover (^Zj* j*
t

restive, stir up, rouse, disturb, trouble,

from an illness) II to moisten, wet, make confuse (• s.o., * s.th.) II tabalbala to feel
wet (* s.th., « s.o.) IV to recover (^Zj* j* uneasy, be anxious; to be or become con-
from an illness) V and VIII to be mois- fused, get all mixed up
tened, be wetted; to become wet
1LL balbala pl. Jj^j baläbil 2 anxiety,

Jj ball moistening, wetting; moisture uneasiness, concem; confusion, muddle,

jumble, chaos
Jj
bill recovery, convalescence, re-

cuperation JLL balbäl anxiety, uneasiness, concem

IL billa moisture, humidity j

ilj U Jj^j baläbil 2 anxieties, apprehensions
iL ,>U! mä zäda f-fina billatan what
tabalbul muddle, confusion
J_Lj |

made things even worse . .

ii—J*^i jJji t. al-alsina confusion oftongues
l

JL balal moisture, humidity; moist- (at the tower of Babel)

ness, dampness, wetness
2
JJLi bulbul pl. Jj
-
^ baläbil 2 nightingale

JJL balll a moist, cool wind

,Jj balaja u (t-jJj bulüj) to shine; to dawn
ALL ballla (eg.) dish made of stewed
(morning, aurora) ; — balija a (balaj) to
maize and sugar
be happy, be glad (i-j about), be de-
J^l ibläl recovery, convalescence, re- lighted (*-> at) IV to shine (sun) V and
cuperation VII = balaja
 -

£
rJjl ablaf gay, serene, bright, clear, —L baisam pl. -.^ baldsim 2 baisam, balm
fair, nice, beautiful
(j*—Lj 6abam{ balsamic, balmy
jpJiW p^Ljl inbiläj al-fajr daybreak
Jall) balSafa to Bolshevize II tabalSafa to
KL>Jj beljikä Belgium be Bolshevized

JLjJj tety'ifct Belgian (adj. and n.) lÄllt baliafa Bolshevization

pL balak (coli.; n. un. «) dates (bot.) J-il; buliifi pl. lÄi-^i baläSifa Bol-
sheviat(ic); Bolshevik, Bolshevist
oL baluda u (o"^ baläda) to be stupid, idiot-

ic, duU-witted II to acclimatize, ha- buUifiya Bolsheviam

bituate {* a.th., to a country or region)
ÖjJLL balaSün heron (zool.)
T pass. of II; to become stupid, besotted,
lapse into a etat« of idiocy; to show o.s. 1
ij*b bala$a u (bals) and II to extort, wring
from the stupid side VI to feign etupidity forcibly (j- « from s.o. s.th.J; to black

-iL balad m. and f., pl. j:Aj bääd mail {« s.o.)

country; town, city; place, Community, ^^«L 6aty extortion, blackmail; for-
village; j*^j country; üIjL buidän coun- cible imposition of taxes
tries utxl\ i~Jo b. al-habai Ethiopia;
|

^a>\ *"% b. aß-sin China; -U^l *•& b. al-

3
^^ balläp pl. jaJ*^ 6aJä/i£ a (ep.) earthen-

hind India ware jar

»jJj balda town, city; place, Commu- 1

Uj II to pave (* a.th., with flagstones or
nity, village; rural Community; township tües)

^jI» baladi native, indigenous, home J»"3k bald} pavement, tiled floor; floor
(as oppoaed to foreign, alien); (fellow) tiles; palace; pl. UJjI ablifa floor tiles |

Citizen, compatriot, countryman; a na- JLLil i»^Ül (maiait) the royal court; jlo».
tive; communal, municipal J
^Uj (_ rXf JoUl AÜ2&Z al-b. court mourning
(majlis) city Council, ]ocal Council
Ät'^j baläda floor tile; flagstone, slab-
öjL baladiya pl. -ät township, Com- stone; paving atone
munity, rural Community; ward, dis-
IlJLj toÄ/t/ paving, tile-laying
trict (of a city) ; municipality, municipal
Council, local authority JaL. mttballaf paved, tiled

lJL balid and -UjI ablad* stupid, dolt- 2

i»jL &aüüf oak; aoorn
ish, dull-witted, idiotic
3
<Uj balfa pl. -ät, JaL tuia/ ax
o-^j baläda stupidity, silliness
j^tij balfaji pl. -tya engineer, sapper,
aJ-j tabaüud idiocy, dullness, obtuse-
pioneer (mil.); gangster; procurer, pan-
ness, apathy
derer, pimp; sponger, hanger-on, parasite
jJ-i. mutaballid besotted, dull, Btupid
*iLL balafa balata gum
ji>\ look up alpha betically
yji (Fr. paletot) balfö pl. -ät,
J>-^ baläti

l_ rxLI pl. i-JLI look up alphabetically paletot, overcoat

*
oLL balasän baisam, balm; baisam tree;
|
_^1j butyi bolti (Tüapia nilotica), a food fish

black eider {bot.) of the Nile

 ;

&
jJJJl al-balflq the Baltio countries | ^ attain manhood, come of age; *4-M iL
j-UJl 6oAr oJ-6. the Baltio Sea {ahtddakü) to attain füll maturity, come
of age ; to reach its climax ; UL» »^1 j iL
ifc»J Ij bälüza hand presB ; (eg.) a kind of cream
(•^jiil j» or) (mablagan) to attain a high
made of cornstarch, lemon juice and
degree of s.th.; iLil lö* jL^Xi c-iL ,>.»-
honey, or the like
when
{kina, (JtJfcrayäH, mablaga) I had
Ai bala'a and bali'a a {hol') to Bwallow,
come to thia point in my reminiscences

swallow up (* s.th.); to gulp down iL* JS* 4i* iL (hdla mablagin) to work
(*
havoo on s.o.; «L*o iL (muntahähu) to
B.th.); to put up (* with s.th.), swallow,
reach its climax, come to a head II to
stomach, brook (* s.th.) | *äjj fJL {riqahü)
to catch
make (» s.o.) reach or attain (* s.th.);
lit. : to swallow one's saliva, i.e.,
to take, bring (Jl * s.th. to s.o.), see
one's breath, take a little rest, have a
that s.th. (*) gets (Jl to); to convey,
break; to restrain o.a., hold back (said
make transmit, impart, communicate, report
of one in a rage) II and IV to (• s.o.)
(a » to s.o. s.th.) ; to inform, notify
swallow (* s.th.) |
*juj **L (riqahä) to
grant s.o. a short rest VIII = I
(* • s.o. of s.th.), teil, let know {* « s.o.

about); to report {je- about), give an

i*L bal'a large bite, big gulp aecount of {je-); to inform {je. against

*t~£j baüä'a, ~**jL baUü'a pl. -ät, ^J"^ s.o.), report, denounce {je. s.o.) |
UL-j iL

baläli* 2 sink, drain to fulfill a mission; ^"it- -iL baÜifihu «a-

1
lämi give him my best regards! III to
«**JL bälü'a pl. -ät, (^JIjj bawälx sewer,
exaggerate (j in s.th.); to overdo, do
sink, drain
too long (j s.th.); to go to greatest
jL bvX'um balä'im? and *j»h bid* lengths, do one's utmost (j in) IV to
pl. f^t
*üm pl. **"i0 bala'im % pharynx {anat.); make (*, « s.o., s.th.) reach or attain

*jAi gullet, esophagus {anat.) (

Jl s.th.) ; to make (* s.th.) amount (
Jl to),

raise (* an amount, a salary, Jl to); to

x iL balaga u (KjJLj hdüg) to reach (» s.o., * inform, notify (u or jn s.o. of s.th.),

s.th.), get (*, • to), arrive (* at); to come, teil, let know (^ or je- * s.o. about); to
amount (* to), be worth (* so and so announce, State, disclose (* s.th.) ; to
much); to come to s.o.'s {•) ears; to inform (je- against s.o.), report, denounce
attain puberty (boy); to ripen, mature to report s.th.
{je- s.o.) |
i-j
i_ r*ij^ -iL!

(fruit, or the like); to come of age; to to the police V to content o.a., be content
exhaust, wear out (j* s.o.); to act {j* (i_j with); to eke out an existence; to
upon s.o.), have its effect {j* on), äffe et still one's hunger (i_j with), eat (^ s.th.):

(j- s.o.); to go far (j, j* in s.th.), to be delivered, be transmitted

attain a high degree j, j* of s.th.) £L
( |
UL V Lr" aam'an lä balganf may it be
Jl *j to make s.o. or s.th. get to or arrive
heard but not fulfilled, i.e., God forbid!
at, lead or take s.o. or s.th. to, get s.o. or
(used at the mention of s.th. unpleasant)
s.th. to the point where, öl fji\ *j iL
(tarannvb) he began to reel so violently
4«L bulga and 9-^Aj baläg sufficiency,
a
competency, adequaey (see also *iX> be-
that...; .U-l iL- ^^1 iL {mablaga l-jidd)
low)
the matter became serious; Jj)l J--JI iL
b. s-aailu z-zubä the matter reached a cli- Wj baläg pl. -ät communioation, In-
max,, things came to a head; JL»-J1 iL* iL formation, message, report; announce-
{mablaga r-rijäl) to be sexually mature, ment, proclamation ; communique; State-
6
ment;notification(of thepolice) |
j*-\
f-^j
*iL balgami phlegmatic ; phlegmy,
(J
Ultimatum mucous
i_L baiig pl. »LL bnlagä' 2 eloquent; in-
JAj balafa i {half) to bluff II do.
tense, laeting, deep, profound (e.g., an
impression); eerioua, grave (e.g., an in-
«_äL half, üL balfa bluff

Jury) 2
jLl ablag piebald
9jL bulüg reaching, attainment, arrival

(at); maturity, legal majority (J

-iiL bilqiä* Muslim narrte of the Queen of
Sheba
**">0 baläga eloquence; ort of good
style, art of composition ; literature | uliUI al-balqän the Balkans
ii^Ül 1* 'Um al-b. rhetoric
JliL balqäni Balkan
LI ablag 2 intenser, deeper, more last-
2
ing; more serious, graver *ÄL balga' and i*ÄL balga' a pl. -j*^ balägi'

wasteland
iL^ mablag pl. JL* mabälig 1
amount,
Bum of money; extent, scope, ränge; dl> see t\jL
(see also examples under iL I)
|
y\
i
iL*
(ismi) nominal par; Äp^jII äJ L^Ll (müda'a) ü^SsL balkön balcony

the deposits (at a bank); Jy ii-4 ^-.Jj

1
Jj balam anchovy
jX\ j« (li-yatabayyana, qauli, jidd) in
Order to find, out to what extent my 2
Jj balam pl. *•&) abläm sailing bärge (tr.)

words were meant seriously

3
L IV to be silent, hold one's tongue
mJlJ tablig pl. -ät conveyance, trans-
mission, delivery (Jl to s.o.); information ü^Aj ballän bathhouse attendant; name of a

(^ about); report, notification (^c of); plant growing near stagnant waters
communication, announcement, notice |
U^Aj balläna female bathhouse attend-
i-LJI ^t\sS" credentials
ant; lady's maid
UL» mubälaga pl. -ät exaggeration
«--iL balansiya 2 Valencia (region and city
*yk\ ibläg conveyance, transmission
in E Spain)
Jlj bälig extensive, far-reaching ; con-
,j*L pl. 0*J">L ' °k U P alphabetically
siderable ; serious ( wound), deep, pro-
found, violent, vehement (feelings), 4L baliha a to be stupid, simple-minded
strong, intense; mature; of age, legally VI to- feign foolishneaa, pretend to be
major stupid X to deem ( « s.o. ) stupid or

il^ muballig bearer (of news), messen- simple-minded

ger; informer, denouncer; detective *L balak and **">0 baläha stupidity,

2 foolishness, simple -mindedness ; idiocy,

<ih bulga, balga pl. -ät, bulag slipper of
imbecility 2_^L. U">U (mubakkira) demen-
yellow leather |

tia praecox
LjliL bulgäriyä Bulgaria
*L balha let alone, not to speak of,
^jliL bulgärl Bulgarian (adj. and n.) not to mention

iL» balga7n phlegm; (pl. i^ balägim 2 ) ex- *L! ablah2 stupid, daltish, dull-witted;
pectoration, Sputum idiotic
 75
±
L-jL^Jj bilkaraiyä bilharziaais, Schistosomiasis »*ib bald' trial, tribulation, Visitation,
{med.) affliction, distress, misfortune; scourge,
plague; creditable Performance, bravery,
<j^]j buiahniya abundance, wealth, variety
(of earthly possessions)
gallantry, heroic action
|
j^. »^ (ha*
8an) favor, Messing, grace (of God); good
'Ol^L Bee ül^^lf, Performance

*D öj+L bulhön pl. J^-^t balähin* (= JjAl^.l ,4jL> balwä trial; tribulation, Visitation,

eg.) sphinx affliction, distress, misfortune, calamity;

and 6aid « {balw,

necessity, need |
« j^LJI c^ ('ammat) it
(jii
Jj) Vj »^ 6aJä*) to
has become a general necessity
teat, try, put to the test (• b.q., m s.th.);
to know from long experience (* s.th.); •1IL. mubäldh consideration, regard,
to afflict (• s.o.); — Jj baliya a (Jj
bilan, heed, attention | ;^L.V Id-mvbdläh in-
**$j bald') to be or become old, worn, difference, unconcein, carelessness

ahabby (clothes) ; to dwindle away, van-

t~^j\ ibtild' trial, tribulation, affliction,
ish; to deteriorate, decline, become de-
Visitation
crepit; to diaintegrate (a corpae), decay,

rot, spoil III to care, be concerned (v Jlj bältn old, worn, worn out; ahabby,
or *, • about), be mindful (i_j or a, » threadbare, ragged, tattered; decrepit,

of s.o., of a.th.); to pay attention (i_> or dilapidated ; decayed, rotten ; obsolete,

* to), mind, heed, take into consideration, antiquated

take into account {<_j or » s.th.); to take
JL. mubälin observant, heedful, mind-
notice (i_j of) |
JU L mä ubäli, JL1 V
ful (._j of) cj JL. ji heedless of
|

I don't care ! I don't mind it's all !

right with me! JL> V (as a relat. clause) J^. mubtalan (lesa correctly Ji-. mub*
unconcerned, heedless, carelesB, recklesa talin) afflicted (i_j with, by), auffering

IV to try, test, put to the teat {» a.o.); (lj from)

to make experienced, harden, inure (•

jjL II tabalwara to cryatalize; to be crys-
s.o. ; aaid of trials, experiences) ; to work
talized; to be covered with cryatals
havoc (* on s.th.); to wear out (* s.th.) |

L-— *-£i Jjl (balä'an haaanan) to stand j^L baUür, billaur pl. -ät crystal; crya-
the test; to prove o.s. brave (in war) tal glöss, flint glasa, glaas | O iSj^ Jj^>.

VIII to try, tempt, put to the teat (• a.o.); (sakri) rock crystal, transparent quartz

to afflict (<j • s.o. with), visit (^ • on

»j^L billaura (n. un.) pl. -dt crystal;
s.o. s.th.); pasB. vbtuliya to become or be
crystal glass, flint glaas, glass; tube
afflicted (i_j with, hy), suflFer (i_j from)
(radio); crystal, quartz plate (of a de-
Jj bilan decline, deterioration decay, ;
tector; radio); (syr,, pronounced ballöra)
putrefaction, decomposition ; worn con- negative (phot.)
dition; wear; shabbiness
tijjL ballüri, btUauri crystalline; crys-
Jj
batiy worn, old, ahabby, thread-
tal (adj.)
bare; decrepit, dilapidated, decaying,
decomposed, rotten ijj^L ballüTxyu, biüauTiya pl. -dt lense

(Oft.)
*Jb baliya pl. \y$j baläyä trial, tribula-

tion, Visitation, affliction, distress, mis- j_jL. mubalwar: »jj^t* *^*L**

candied
fortune, calamity fruita

A
 76
*
jjs, ijjl (Fr. bleust) bdlüz, büiua pl. -dt the Arabs; <Juj-< Jj Beni Suef (city in

blouae Egypt, S of Cairo)

iljj (Turk. btUük) bulüh pl. -ät Company ol t&tia and cJu fruit pl. ob oandt
daughter; c-w girl yJI ol t. al-'amm
{mü.; Eg.) |
0^*1 fJjl* 6. omi» (mü.) |

(female) cousin; periphrastically for wifet

approi. : quartermaster Sergeant (former-
dLf- ijl your wife; j&JI ü-« 6. af-jSJfer

pl. J&Vi ob thought, idea; ,j>jVl ob

üjL boUfin balloon fr. oi-ari^ inseots and worms; ^-1; üb
l
6aM yes, yee indeed, certainly, surely
6. 6t** calamities, afflictions; j»-ül ob
Jj
fr. ad-dahr do. ; üJÜl cJj fr. aS-safa word ;
Jj ftoKyn eto., aee jlj j-UJ! ob 6. as-fiadr worries, fearo,

anxieties; üijjj ob fr. tcartZäna earth-

j-UUj (It. pagliaccio) jtalyatiö olown, buffoon
worms, rainwonna
jJjUj (It. fripltanfo) büyardö billiards
my son
Jj frunaiya
little

*—Jj billseh plisse', pleating IjLi bunüwa sonship, filiation

Ixmawi filial
1
jX
l
6oUln pl. oJ^J baZdZin1 pallium, liturgical iSj^j

vestment of a bishop worn over the jj fafranntn adoptlon (also flg., e.g..

ohasuble (Chr.); monk*s robe (Copt.-Chr.) of ideas, principles, etc.)

ü^L balyün pl. ^.^j baläyln* (U.S.) billion, •j. frunn coffee beans, coffee

(G.B.) milliard; (U.S.) trillion, (G.B.) brown

^j bunni coffee- colored,
billion
•üb banän finger Ups |
jt-i *~L* -t^ ty***
** bomm loweat string of a musical instru- iäru) lit.: he is pointed at with fingers,
ment i.e., he is a famouB man; tiijb fj* \j\ anä
\aua banänika I am at your disposal, I
f_Lr bumbäg, üLe 6vmM$a bow tie
am at your aervice
jLe bombäy Bombay
Jj^iL banädöra ($yr.; from It. pomodoro)
^•L look up alphabetically tomato(es)

^ V JJ tabannä to adopt as son (* s.o.); ^jLj fcorwirw1 Banaras or Benares (the Holy
to adopt, embrace (* s.th.) Oty of the Hindus, in N India)

^1 ihn pl. »LjI o&nd*, Oyj banfin son;

^iLü see ,^L£>
deacendant, scion; offsprmg, son (of a
nation or people) | * aT ^ I pl. »jX ji; (son of

Adam) man, human being; jjT ^.l *6n

yjj bintü napoleon, louia d'or (gold coin of
duxä jackal; -ÜJ1 ^1 um al-balad local
20 franca)
inhabitant, native; j^UI »Ljl nativee,

native populatkm; v^' i>' ^ a^-^at* Wj II to dope, narcotieize (with banj; • s.o.);

warrior, soldier; warlike, belücoae; ^.1 to anesthetize (* s.o.)

Jsi—Jl wayfarer, wanderer; i- u^-*" 0".'

«j banj henbane (Hyoscyamus niger;
60 years old; «*.U j. I ifrn «ä'a/t'M tem-
bot.); an anesthetic, a narcotic
poral, transient, passing; «JL# ^i ifr»

puftiAi hia own aon; ^^ j<l ibn '>« v UJl al-banjäb the Punjab (region, NW
weasel; »^Ji »L jj oanü mä' tu-wnuS* Indian subcontinent)
^jhJj banjar red beet (eg.) jjlkj banfalün (from It. pantaloni) pl. -ä*

trousers, pants
Xj band pl. *yj bunüd article, clause» para-
grapb (of a law, contract, etc.); banner; jjlü; bangäzi Bengasi (city in NE Iib}'a,

large body of troops capital of Cyrenaica)

x
jXj bandar pl. jjbj banädir* seaport; com- JUiJI al-bangäl Bengal (region, NE Indian
mercial center ; district capital (Eg.) ; jAbj subcontinent)
aee also under v-L» below |
,^-U* j«^j fr.

j7—ij banafsaj (coli.; n. un. «) violet (bot.)

'afefcöa Bandar Abbas (seaport in 8 Iran)
(j»«—^ banafsaji violetlike, violetisb;
a ijjXj
look up alphabetically
violet (adj.) | {
y-^JcJ\ öy or
[J
^->*:.II »Ijj

J-L> bunduq (coli. ; n. un. •) pl. jaIij banädiq7 ultraviolet

hazelnut(s), filberts; hazel, bazel tree;

^^Lij banfaS, banafS amethyst (min.)
üOj hazelnut, fiJbert; bullet

ajcj binaqa and ÜJu baniqa göre, gusset (of

j-L> bundttqi Venetian sequin
a ahirt or garment)
ÄJXj bunduqlya pl. JaIij banädiq*
1
rifle, gun ^tj IJ-L» fr. rai£ ahotgun jiij frunjfc root, core, heart, best part | dkj
|

j^Jl fr. oi-'umr the prime of üfe, the best

iJ-uJl al-bunduqiya Venice
yeare
ciliXj bunduqänl pl. -fin, ««Li band*
2
diiJ franjfc pl. t\yj bunük bank, bankin g
diqa a Venitian
house |
t-iul-lll <^Jjj credit bank; jij& <iij
JjXj bundüq pl. JjiL> banädiq 2 bastard
deposit bank; -»all .iL» fr. ad-dam blood

#jjj^ banadöra (syr.; from It. _pom«Joro) bank; JjoJI ^Jb-Jt (dauA) the World Bank
tomatoes 3 mubannah stranded
tiii *
r

(_fjj.U> j>l aAmar 8 banadöri tomato-red

i
t ilir. iiL* muhannak mvbannak shrewd,
Jjü^j (Fr. _pendt*Ze) bandül pendulum sly, astute

»j-Cj (Span, bandera) bandera pl. jjLj band* uIj^iScj (Engl.) banibndf banknote
dir 2 pennon, flag, banner
1
•jCj and jijCj see (
j«

jjUj frannür (= jjL baüür) glass

jljO (Fr. fraijjnotre) banwär baignoire, theater
ja*>j banzahir bezoar, bezoar stone box of the lowest tier

j>>j banzin, benzln gasoline, benzine x

Jj frans t (»Li bind', uLJu bunyän) and Till
to build, erect, construct, set up (a s.th.};
IJ
J>i (Engl.) pence
to build, establish, rest (J* * s.th. on);

t>l—Äj benisilln penicillin to consummate the marriage (L- and LJ*

witb a woman); pass. buniya, ubtuniya
<--u (Fr. peneie) bansSh pansy (bot.)
to be based, be built, rest (
J* on) |
'*$
Jj
Oj-_Ju bansiyön pl. -öi boardinghouse board- ; J* (JfeaZtmatan) to give a word an in-

ing school declinable ending in (a certain vowel or a

vowelleas consonant; gram.) V see 1
y
l

2
^-a^j frinpir f., pl. j-^Lj franäsir ring finger
»Li frinö" building, construction, erection,

ju iuni pl. i»jO bunüf point (stock market) setting up; structure (also, e.g., of an
 ;; ;

Organum), aetup, make-up; (pl. «Jul less ; — bahita to be or become fade pale,
abniya) building, structure, edifice |
öU I (color) — bahata a to astoniah, amaze, be-
;

»LJI i'ädat al-b. reconstruction ; ji-\ »LJI wilder, startle, stagger, flabbergast (• s.o.)

(kurr) Freemasonry; J* »Lj binaan 'alä (üLy buhtän) to Blander, defame (• s.o.)

according to, in accordance with, on the III to come or descend unexpectedly (»

baais of, by virtue of, on the atrength of upons.o.); to startle, stagger, flabbergast
ii*
J* »Ij accordingly, thus {» s.o.) IV to surprise, astonish, amaze (»

s.o.) VII = I
ijUj binai constructional, building
(used attributively) ; architectural; struc- C~r buht and uLy buhtän slander, falsa
tural accusation; lie, untruth

Li; binya, bunya pl. Jj hinan, btman i^- bahta perplexity, amazement, be-

structure, setup, make-up; Wnya build, wildennent, stupefaction

frame, physique, physical Constitution J ilJkL bähit pale, pallid, faded (color);
iJjl iJjl^ of delicate Constitution; ~^ perplexed, aghast
ÄJJI and ÄJJI -L* of sound Constitution,
healthy; ÄJJI j_j» qawiy al-b. husky, üjf- mabhüt perplexed, astonished,
amazed, startled, flabbergasted, aghast
sturdy

•Lü bannä' pl. -ün builder; mason; ~f bahija a to be glad, be happy (^ about),
conatructive j
j>- »Üj (Aurr) Freemason be dehghted (w at); — bahuja u to be
beautiful, look wonderful IV to gladden,
IjLj binäya pl. -ä( building, structure,
delight, make happy (• s.o.) VIII to be
edifice
glad, be happy (i_j ahout), be delighted
jLjü bunyän building, construction, ( v at)

erection, setting up; building, structure,

<*«^- bahja splendor, magnificence, beau-
edifice; physique, stature
ty, resplendence; joy, delight |
jüli^l i^»
J~« mabnan pl. jL. mabänin building, delight of the eyes, welcome sight
construction, erection, setting up; build-
Fi- bahij, —ff bahtj magnificent, splen-
ing, structure, edifice; form; foundation,
did, beautiful; happy, joyous; delightful
fundament, basis |
JJlj ^]j\ {ra'y) con-

tent and form i>f~. mabhaja a moment of happiness

1
and joy
,jvj tabannin see ^
(

1
P*L+ mabähij joys, delights; pleasures,
jL bänin pl. »Lj fiimäA builder
amusements, dlversions; splendid things;
J-* mabniy built, set up, erected splendor, pomp, magnificence
founded, based, resting
(J* on); fixed,
jr^ri' *6fiÄäjjoy,rejoicing, delight (wat)
established; indeclinable; ending in-
declinably mubhij pleasant, charming, delight-
(J* in; gram.) £..(-.

ful
2
,j^ (
En gl-) penny
~L. mubtahij happy, glad, dehghted
jm (It. bagno) banyö bath, bathtub
J-if- bdhdala to insult (« s.o.); to treat con-
yl^f bahita a, bahuta u and pass. buhita (bäht) temptuously, meanly (* s.o.); to expose
to be astonished, amazed, bewildered, (» s.o.) to ridicule, make a laughingstock
startled, perpleied, flabbergasted, speech- (* of s.o.) II tabahdala pass. of I
 ;

79
r*

Ü-L^ bahdala insult, affront, abuse, out- jl*-_rt* bahrajän tinsel, frippery
rage; meanness; triteness, insipidity
rjrf mubahraj showy, tawdry, gaudy,
J-L^ mubahdal maltreated, oppressed, ornate, ostentatious ; trashy, rubbishy,
miserable cheap, inartistic

jr bahara a (bahr) and IV to glitter, shine to ;

j jx bahriz (eg.) a soup
dazzle, overwhelm (» s.o., * s.o. 's eyes) |

jL«j^I j^j »ji a dazzling, overwhelming

i^f bahaza a (bahz) to oppress, weigh down
thing; — pass. buhira to be out of breath, (• s.o.; a load, work), weigh heavily (»

on s.o.) IV do.
to pant VII to be dazzled, blinded; to be

smitten with blindness; to .be out of .Ii*L> bähiz heavy, oppreasive, trying;
breath VIII to flaunt, parade, show off, excessive, exorbitant, enormous ; ex-
present in a dazzling light (i_j s.th.) pensive, costly

jt bahr deception, dazzlement (i_j by)

j^ bahaq a kind of liehen (bot.); herpetic
eruption, tetter; vitüigo alba, a mild
jr buhr difficult respiration, labored

brea thing form of leprosy (med.)

Ijr bahra (n. vic.) being dazzled, dazzle- J^ bahala a (bohl) to curBe (• s.o.) V and VI
ment to curse one another VIII to supplicate,
pray humbly (to God)
•sr buhra middle, center |
. . . l
jr j
amidst Jf I abhal sa vin ( Juniperus sabina
bot.)
^1 abhar2 more brüliant, more magnif-
icent Jlföl ibtihäl supplication, prayer

2 bähil buhl, buhhal

jf\ abhar aorta (anat.) J*L> pl.
J^-
free,

independent
jLj- bahär pl. -ät spiee

J^JLf- buhlül, bahlül pl. JJLf bahälil 2 buffoon,

jlföl ibtihär dazzling display, show (i_j
jeater, clown, fool
of s.th.)

j*\j bähir dazzling, brüliant, splendid jljLf- bahlawän pl. -ät, -lya acrobat, tumbler,
equilibriBt, ropedancer, tightrope walker
jjr* mabhür breathless, out of breath,
panting ji_jLr bahlawdni acrobatic |
olTj*-
ÄJl^J-f (harakät) acrobatics; antics, capers
rjx bahraja (~**rjx bahraja) to adorn, deck of a tumbler; jl^J-r o\jb (fayarän) aerial
out, dreBs up ahowüy; to give a deeeptive acrobatics, stunt flying
brightness (* to); to glamorize (» s.th.);

to rejeet as false a witness); to fake, -f-

IV to make obscure, dubious, unintel-
(»

counterfeit (* s.th.) II tabakraja to

ligible (* s.th.) V and X to be obscure,

adorn o.s., spruce o.a. up, dress up; to be ambiguous, unintelligible (J* to s.o.)

fake K^f bahma lamb, sheep

r-_rr bahra] false, spurioua, fake, aham,

^ bahim pl. -,- buhum jet-black
worthless, bad; counterfeit money ; tinsel,
S~~f- bahxma pl. ri^- bahä'im 2 beast,
frippery, cheap finery; trash, cheap stuff
animal, quadruped; pl. üvestock, cattle,
'**rj^ bahraja empty ahow, hollow pomp (large) domestic animals
 80
c*

*-t- bahimi animal, beetial, brutiah live or stay at a place IT to provide

L5
accommodations (* for s.o., * at a place);
*~*~r bahimiya brutiahnesa, bestiality,
to settle down, reside, live (<_> at a place)
brutolity
V to settle down {* at a place), occupy
l>Lf-l ibhäm obacurity; vagueness, am- markazan a
{\j?j+ place), hold (UlÄ* ma»
biguity
qäman a position) |
UtSL. T^J (makänan)

l>Lf-l ibhäm pl. j>LI abähim* thumb; to gain ground, become generally ac-

big toe cepted; ^^ Ij-j ('<•*"') to ascend the

throne ; SU- 1 IjJ (hukm) to oome to
>L bähim big toe
power, take over power
tr* mubham obscure, dark, cryptic,

doubtful, vague, ambiguous --. ja»

&! Mo pl. -ät (usually pronounced
|
bai'a) pl. -dt residenoe, domicile, seat;
fotiad) abstraot number (moiA.); O ..
'- 11
Situation; surroundings, environment,
^il ('a*a*) the vagus (<ww<.); ^1 ,-VI
milieu; home, habitat
(um) the demonstrative pronoun (pram.)
•»Li mabä'a place to which s.th. oomes;
l
(jr) W; bdhS. u, bahuwa u and jf bakiya a abode, dwelling, habitation
(»L. baW) to be beautiful lil to vie,
compete (lj • with b.o. in a.th.); to pride
•jj tabawvm* : ^j^ *j^ t. al-'ari acces-

sion to the throne

o.b. (l-> on), be proud (lj of), boast {lj of,

l-> • to b.o. of s.th.) VI to compete with ^jt II to divido into chapters or sections {*
one another; to be proud (<^ of), pride s.th.) ; to arrange in groups, arrange
o.a. (lj on) systematically, class, classify (* s.th.)

jr bahw pl. .L.I abha hall; parlor, i-jL bäb pl. ^j*) abiDäb, öLu bibän
drawing room, reception hall door; gate; opening, gateway; entrance;
cbapter, section, column, rubric; group,
_
( fr boAty beautiful, magnüicent, Bplen-
did; brilliant, radiant, shining
olass, oategory; field, domain (flg.) j
^Ul
JUI the Sublime Forte; ~->X±\ ^L
flf bahä' beauty, magnüicence, splen-
b. tU-mandab Bab el Mandeb (strait
dor; brilliancy
between SW Arabia and Africa; geogr.);

JL. boAifi Bahai (adj.); (pl. -ßn) an v!>i^' J* near, imminent; 1-bJU- 1<U £=i
adherent of the Bahai sect, a Bahai to open up a new way, a new possibility;
<_jL ~ü futiha bäbv ... was (were) begun,
-f*l abAd more splendid, more bril-
...got under way; *^l <^\j Ji5 (qafaia)
liant
to put an end to s.th., terminate, close
«UL. mubähäh and »LT tabtSAtn pride,
s.th.; J-iiJI i-jL (b. il-fatß) as a favor;
i>
vainglory, boaatfulneas
Jjl «_jLi
^ (au&S) with all the more

•oljf see iL
reason, the more so; <_jUI IJu j about
this matter, about this; jl IjjjJÜ «-»L ^y
(>jj) »L M*a u to come again, return; to (b. *4-tfarfira) it ia necessary that . . . ; ,^-jJ

oome back (i~> with s.th.), bring back, ü-uJl t-jLi ^ li* (b. ia-pudfa) that'a no
yield, bring in (.-»s.th.) |^-'t »L or JiiJLi coincidence; .-»Li j* jlT or .-»U j J*-.>

(JHit6a t /ojoi) to fail II to provide ao- (with foll. genit.) to belong to, fall under;

commodations (J and • for s.o., * at a *A> j i>^i unique of ita kind; «ül .-»L
J* -iL

place), put up (J or • s.o., * at) |

Lil£* I_^ to pursue one's livelihood, earn one's
(matönan) to take a place, settle down, bread
 81
jy.

4j Li bäba pl. -ät kind, Bort, olass, category **-\> bäha pl. -ät wide, open Space;

u^I^j &awuü& pl. -ün doorman, gate- open place, sqnare, plaza; courtyard;
hall
keeper

4j\y biwöba office of gatekeeper

**-\j\ ibäha divulgenoe, disolosure (of
a secret); permission, authorization; li-
4j\jt bawtoaba pl. -Öt (large) gate, por-
oentiousness
tal | SjL^Äll *j\jt b. al-qanfara lock gate
^Ul ibähi licentious, unrestrained, un-
t_-i_j-J (a&i«fr division into chaptera,
inhibited; anarchist; freethinker
sectioning, Classification, syBtematio ar-

rangement, grouping V-ll ibähiya freethinking, libertinism;

anarohism
>-jj~* mubawwab arranged in groups,
classed, classified <— Ul— istibäha appropriation, capture,
I

seizure; spoliation, confiscation

CAijt boblln poplin
*>Li mubäh permitted, allowed, permis-
lujj (Fr. bobine) bobina spool, reel
sible; legal, lawful, licit, legitimate; open
to everyone, permitted for all, free;
Cjjj bvwaü aee £~u
ownerless (Ial, Law) ; indifferent (said
UlJ^j, ifljjj (It. potoMa) frätäad, fctüä* potash of actions for which neither reward nor
punishment is to be expected, but whioh
iiJjj bütaqa (usually pronounced bautaqa)
are permissible, pl. c>U-L* indifferent,
crucible, melting pot {
jUjll UJ^j j
permissible actions, Ist. Law)
(zamän) in the melting pot of time

(rji) j-L» bäka u to abate, subaide, let up,

*»njt (Fr. bougie) bviih pl. -ät spark plug
decrease; to die, go out (fire); to fade,
bleach; to spoil, rot (e.g., meat) II to
(».jj) j-L 6äAa u (&auA) to become known, Bpoil (* B.th.)
be revealed, be divulged, leak out (secret)
£\j) buwäk evaporation, exhalation,
to reveal, disclose, divulge (* or _» s.th.,
vapor, steam
a secret; Jl and J to s.o.) IV to diaclose,

reveal (* or <_j s.th., J to s.o.); to release, fij^j tabwik: h&}\ £y? t. an-nukta the

abandon, make public property, declare spoiling of the point of a story

ownerless (* s.th.) ; to permit, allow, D Aj bäyik spoiled, bad; vapid, in-

leave (* s.th., J to s.o.); to justify, War- sipid, stale (also, e.g., of a joke)
rant (a s.th.) X to reveal {* s.th.); to
regard as publio property, as ownerless,
!>jUjj bükärest Bucharest

as fair game; to deem permissible, lawful »jSj* (Fr. povdre) büdra powder
(a s.th.); to hurt (*i«j*- hurmatahü s.o. 's

honor); to take possession (* of), ap- ii±ji büdaqa pl. 3±\j> bawädiq* crucible, melt-

propriate, take as booty (* s.th.); to ing pot

saize, oonEscate (* s.th.) <*s r^J--' {da*

|
Ijjj büdä Buddha
mahü) to proscribe, outlaw s.o.
iSiji bü4* Buddhistic; Buddhist
r-ji bauh divnlgence, disolosure (of a
Beeret); confession
5j j^j büdiya Buddhism

rjt buh wide, open Space; courtyard; (jjt) jL; bära u (baur, j\jj bawär) to perish; to

hall lie fallow, be uncultivated (land); to be

 82
>y.

3
futile, unauccessful, unprofitable, lead *jji büza a beerlike beverage
to nothing (work); to be unsalable, be
*jb bäz pl. jljjl a&u-dz, ji>j bizän falcon
dead stock (merchandise) | cJJ\ Ojb
(bint) the girl could not get a husband x
^yji büa bus
II to let He fallow (* land); to make un-
profitable, useleas (* s.th.) IT to destroy \ lj'ji) ^-Ij Mm u (baut) to kiss (* s.o.)

jjt bür uncultivated, fallow | j_jj ^j\ <*y bau&a, büsa

w
kiss

(ard), pl. jji j-iljl (arfltfm) fallow land,

j=-yj (It. bu&to) bustü corset
wasteland

j\jt bawär perdition, ruin jljJl jIj Äk-jj, ii-^j (It. jxwta) &w$a, ftusio post, mail
|

hell
jjÄ^jJ\ al-buefür the Bosporus
J\i bair unoultivated, fallow (land)
((Art) o*^. ^* u (baui) to be boisterous,
ijlj>. büräni (eg.) a vegetable stew shout, roar (crowd) II do.

jLjc- jji bür said Fort Said (seaport in NE Jiji baiii pl. ^bjl auMJ (for ^j\\)
Egypt) mob, rabble

1
ö\±j* jjt bür südän Fort Sudan (seaport in U^>. &ü£ (coli.; n. un. I) reed

NE Sudan) i*ßjt büaa pl. ntt inch

jSoj_jjj_jj burturikü Puerto Rico t

büa ofr«^ linen or silk fabrio
a^jt pl. (j-^'^jl

JUjjj^ burtugäl Portugal *L*jt (It. buasola) bosla compass

*-*j>, bwsa pl. -ät stock ezchange "Jyjt büfa orucible, melting pot

jlji j^j &ür /u'&i Port Fuad (seaport in NE Hiji büza a beerlike beverage
Egypt, opposite Port Said)
1
9ji bü* metatorsal bone {anal.) |f>Ül *-Jj*i V
3jji baitraq borax 9-^Jl,y he wouldn't know bis knee from
his elbow (proverbially, of a stupid per-
Ljji burmä Burma
son)
iJJM (Turk. boru) bürl trumpet, bügle
1

•f-U bä* pl. f\jt\ abwa the span of the out-

6«rüj5 pl. -iya trumpeter,
tjrjjji spread arms, fathom; in Eg. today = 4
bugler
4irä" mi'märiya = 3m
Jjjt mighty, | 9 Ul
§
<Jjji büri (pl* tsJji batcäri) striped mullet
powerful; oapable, able; knowledgeable;
(Mugil cephalus; zool.) generous, liberal; s-UI j~m* powerlese,
helpless, impotent, we&k, incapable;
**ijj* (Fr.) bürlh puree
niggardly, atingy; s-UI jj*«» impotence,

}jt II to pout, sulk, look glum, sullen

l weakness ; incapability (je- of ) ; f U L»
pljÄltj with might and main
jji büz pl. j\jt\ abioäz muzzle, Bnout
x
I> jS tabwiza sullen mien fjt II to surprise

j^-. mvhavmiz sullen, glum 2

«U bäga celluloid; tortoise shell

%
jjt büz, «J^j büza ice cream »iic-jj bügäda and <J>\s-y. bügäda potash, lye
 83 J*

j\ijt bügäz pl. j* \jt batuäjfiz' strait(s) ; harbor |

Jl^-I-I istibwdl: Q f-dl JI^JL-I üf. od-

JJ^joJI J*j* the Dardanelles dam uremia (med.)

9
*Jj* (Fr. bttffet) büfih hoffet; bar; sideboard JIj fül state, condition; heart, mind; notice,
regard, attention j Jb ji significant, no-
3j* II to blow the trumpet table, conaiderable, important, serious,

3jt büq pl. -dt, 3\jt\ ainväq trumpet» grave; JUI f\j farüQ al-b. leisure; J_>Ü.

bügle; fanfare; harn (of an automobile,

JUI anxious, uneasy, concemed, worried;

of a gramophone) ; acoustic signaling JUI Jjji» long-suffering, patient; ... *JIj l*

de vice; megaphone; mouthpiece, Bpokes- (with verb) why is it that he (it) ...?
why ...T illL U how about you? what do
man ; duplicity, treachery, betrayal |
3ji

0_^JI b. ap-paut or jjii^fl 3jt loudspeaker you t hinkt *IL ^U- fealä bäluhü hia mind
at rest, he haa no worries; <fL> ^k^- it
(radio); O ,y*j £j> (rahimi) oviduct, is

Fallopian tube (anat.) occurred to him, it came to bis mind;

<J) Jl *JLj
(J*. f Jll) J*l (a'fä, alqä, ja'ala)
£\jj bawwäq trumpeter, bugler mind
to turn one's to, give one's atten-

Uli bäga bündle; bunch of flowers, tion to, pay attention to, take into ac-

nosegay, bouquet count, be mindful of, bear in mind, heed

s.th.; VL> JjÜ jL jl fam yu&p Z»-?auft
ÜjL oä'tgapl. $\jt bawä'iq3 misfortune,
ftdZan he didn't pay any attention to
oalamity
what I said; VIj 4^. Jju V (yogtÜu) no

Jli^j btiqäl, ÜI^j büqäla pl. Jj'jj bawäqH1 less significant than this

vesael without handles, mug 8

J>j bül postage stamp

j»jjjLJ^j boknford patrol wagon, paddy wag- *Jl bäl whale (zooj.)
on, Black Maria
5
*Jb look up alphabetically
JiKv-i^j (Engl.) boki&käf box calf
D *Vj* büläd (= iVy) steel
1
(J^j) JL bäla u (baul) and V to make water,
L^J^j see <-i}ji
urinate IV to be diuretic X to cause to
urinate a diatriot of Cairo
3"iji büläej*

i}jt baul pl. JI^jI abwäl urine ^jij»

| »xlji bölanda Poland
jj£j| J^JI marod al-b. as-aukharl diabetea
jxJjj ftöJandi Polish; (pl. -fin) Pole
J^j bauli uric, urinary, urinoua |
^Jll—ll
jiji bölö polo
*J>Jl the urinary passages; *Jj^ u^'j^^l
diseases ofthe kidney and urinary bladder Li^j (It. Polonia) bülüniyä Poland
J^j --J (lasammum) uremia (med.)
djiji bülünl Polish; Pole
*Lj biia: O V=»-T <-Lj (öAintf/a) al-
1
rJ_>j (Ft. police) bülis police *jlj^fl ^}j*
buminuria; O Hj** *^H (da«w»unj/a) hem- ( _

vice squad; jLi-l ,^-JjJI (?tnä*t) criminal

|

aturia (med.)
police; <Jji~\ (j-J^Jl (Ä<z r&*) military po-
ill^j fuwuü/a public lavatory lice; jj-Jl ,j-J>Jl («irrt) secret police;

mabwala wuj/»öun/ 2 urinal

jj^l ^rt'^i traffio police
«Üj-t pl. JjL*
a diuretic ; — mibwala Chamber pot ; toilet, V-äLh *i'jJ rttwäyo bviiaiya detective
water doset story
 J* 84

*"<-Aji and *-«Jj> (Fr. police) bülim, btäifa (£~u) oL* 6dto * (Ca-» mabtt) to paas or
pl. j^-Hj-! fcatwJ/v 1 » ^r-J^H ^>wdfü a spend the night; to stay overnight; to
certificate of insurance, policy | <_Jjj become; to be (j in a Situation); with
jj-Jjl 6. aJ-&&*» bill of Iading foll. imperf. : to get into a Situation, get
to the point where; to continue to do s.th.,
Lul_^ büli/iyd Bolivia
go on or keep doing s.th., stick to s.th.

JJ_jj büß/» Bolivian II to brood (by night; a about s.th.); to

contrive, hatch (* an evil plan, J against

Ol~JjJl »b daal-baulinä uremia
s.o.), plot (J against s.o.); to put up for

Pji büm (coU.; n. un. '») pl. ^IjjI abwäm owl the night (. s.o.) |
J*~J\ j i« (faff; eg.)
to flunk, fail promotion (pupil) IV to put
1
j^j baun, &ün interval, distance; difference up for the night (• s.o.)

jL* (coli.; n. un. ) ben tree (Moringa; 60*.) C-u bait pl. Oj-j buyüt, oUj-j buyütät
horse-radish tree (Moringa oleifera; bot.) house, buüding; tent (of nomads); room;
Egyptian willow (Salix aegyptiaca L. apartment, flat; (garden) bed; family;
60«.) oase, box, covering, sheath; pl. oUj-j
large, respectable houses ; respectable fam-
tj'J^oAy. B^enoe Aires iliee; (pl. c*LI abyät) verse lj^\
| <i~u

pony b. al-ibra (navigator's) compass; ö^Jl J»l

Jjj (Engl.) böni pl. J\ji bawäni
ahl ai-b. family, specif., the family of the
•l bäh coitus; sexual potenoy; sexuaüty Prophet; ^l^Jl J»i people from good,
respectable families; ijLf ^\Jj?> (tijä*
W-r*_H (Eng'-) böhimiyä Bohemia
riyä) commercial houses; fl^J-l C-*Jl (ha*

Lf
~*ji böhtmi Bohemian (adj. and n.) räm) the Kaaba; »^J-1 Cjj b. al-kala and
böhimiyä Bohemianism, Bo- i_j^V1 C~u b.al-adab toilet, water closet;
*T~*ji
hemian life
•lall £~u origin or seat of the disease;

*ijji ba*üna the tenth month of the Coptio

Jjj c-w
and J.-^.äJt
(ri/J)

c-u
country house; »J-^»JtlS

(the essential, principal

^
year verse of the kasida, i.e.) the quintessence;
the gist, the essentials, the hit of s.th.;
*iji (Turk. boya) böya paint; shoe polish
s.th. that Stands out from the rest, the
<Jt-X* iJf^iJi f 6?*) ^yV* houae painter,
right thing ; J- c-u baitalahm 2 Bethlehem
painter; shoeahine, bootblack
«iülil cjJI the ruling house; JLLI ^u treae-

i-j bayya = *Aj look np alphabeticaUy ure house; fisc, treasury, exchequer (lal.

Law); (Tun.) administration of vacant

*iu see *j)
Muslim eetates

oL biyäda infantry (Eg.)

J~j baiti
domestio, private, home, of the
^jLj otyöti» infantryman, foot soldior house, house- (in Compounds) ; domes-
ticated (animals); homemade
jL, UL, _jj'Lj bjyän, biyäna, biyänö pl. oL»Lj
£~ljt buwait pl. -ät small house; small
ftiy<5»iW piano
tent
1
_-u 6i6 pipe, tube; feed pipe, spout (of a
l

* oL> bayyäi pl. -ün and UL» bayyäta

reservoir or tank)
boarder (student); (pl. -ün) pupil of a
i-jj &iba (Western) amoking pipe boarding achool {tun.)
 -
;

1
Oj-> bayyüt stale, old jjj birü Peru

c-i-. mabü ovemight stop, overnight

jjy (Fr. bureau) birö pl. -ö( office, bureau
stay; shelter for the night
Cjjjsj bairüP Beirut (capital of Xjebanon)
cJ\j bau stale, old; (eg.) not promoted,
^Ja—Ji j (^off) in school ijjju bairüii pl. *3j\ji bawärita, iyU
mubayyü plotter, schemer, intri- bayärifa a native or inhabitant of Beirut
Cj-.
gant
^IjJjjy biruqräfi bureaucratic
UUwj fti/ömö and 4« Im bxj&ma pajama
<^\Jjjo biruqräfiya bureauoracy; red
1
{-u) jIj bäda i to perish, die, paas away, tape

beoome eztinot IV to destroy, extermi-

UUju bizanfiyä Byzantium
nate, eztirpate (*, * s.o., s.th.)
(jl*j>j bizanft Byzantine
jl -u baida anna although, whereas;
(esp., introducing a sentence:) yet, how- üj—aj 6i*5n bison
ever, but, ... though
(,j^Lj) (j-ilj fcö^a » to lay eggs (also *); to stay,
#I-U baitä* pl. -L> bid, CjIjI-U bat*
settle down, be or become resident (<_* at
däwät desert, steppe, wilderness
a place) | rjij üiSdü ^L (tM*-/arrofca) to
»jU ibäda annihilation, extermination, be bom and grow up in a place; to
eradication, extirpation establish itself and spread (plague) II to

jJL bä'id passing, transitory, temporal; make white, paint white, whitewasb,
past, bygone whiten (* s.th.); to bleach, blanch (*

annihilative s.th., textiles, Iaundry, rice, etc.); to tin,

X-. muAicZ deBtructive,
(pl. -ät) means of extermination oi.1—*
tinplate (* s.th.); to make a fair oopy (*
|

Sj^Jj- (Ao&wiytj) inseotioides

of s.th.) u^Li (wajhahü) to make
| *4»-j

s.o. appear blameless, in a favorable

s
*jLj look up alphabetically light, to whitewash, exculpate, vindi-
cate, justify s.o., play s.o. up, make much
jXj baidar pl. j^Lj ftoyörftf' threshing floor
of s.o.; to honor s.o., show honor to s.o.;

Jxj baidaq (and JJL») pl. JjLj ftoyädtj*

*4*tj *>' tj*^, ma y God make him happyl
pawn (in chess) 4iij«* &. ^jÄm V this doesn't ahow him in
a favorable light V pass. of II; IX to be
üLfXj see üUjb alphabetically
or become white
*D «jLrf bayyära pl. -ö( (paJ.) irrigation
^jÄj baid pl. ^j-j buyü4 eggs
wheel; plantation
4-i-* baida (n. un.) pl. -ät egg; testicle;
Ijo, ;>j (It. birra) bträ, bira beer \jJ\ *!-»*
|
helmet; main part, substance, essence |

fTio^na' oZ-6. brewery

iLjJI 5-i-i b. ad-dik (the egg of a rooster

J_tj bairaq pl. jjL bayürvf flag, banner, i.e.) an impossible or extraordinary

Standard thing ; oUI *«*-) b. al-balad a man held

in high esteem in his Community; <*ö-j j
jlo>j|u bairaqdär color-bearer, Standard
jLfJI (6. in-nahär) in broad day light;
bearer
.Ju-Jl 5-i-i 6. aß-fiaif the hottest part
aJjJI JU- (Fr. Pyrin&es) jihöl al-birinek the of the summer; f^UVl *-*^ the territory
Pyrenees or pale of Islam; j-jJI <*ij j* vliJJl» ^
 ;
; ;

<J*?.

jUjJl i-Ä-j (6. id-din, b. il-wafan) defense !

a night spent awake; ,_ r*ri^l Cj ^' (mauf)
of the faith, of the country; jj£\ iju natural death; #L*-j Oj (i/(u2) beneficent
b. al-kidr a woman secluded from the hand, benefaction
outside world, a chaste, respectable
^Ä-- mabxd, mibya4 ovary (<mw(.)
woman
*-*^j tabyida fair copy
^ä_) baidi, ijyjt-i baidawi and (jjLi-j
baidäwi egg-shaped, oviform, oval, ovate O ^'~*ri' ibytdäd leukemia (med.)
(

,^-ijlj 6ä*K$ pl. ftaurä'»^ (egg-)

<^._.u buyaida and *Jb_^ buwaida pl. u-äj'^
laying
-ä£ small egg, ovule; ovum
u-acr* mubayyüj, pl. -ün whitewasher;
^Lj bayäd white, wbiteness; white-
wash; — (pl. -ä() hairen, desolate, un-
bleacher; tinner; copyist, transcriber (of
fair copy)
cultivated land, wasteland; gap, blank
space (in a manuscript); blank; leucoma '*-**• mubayyada fair copy
(med.); linen, pl. oL#Lj linen goods,
J*~> baifara to practice veterinary science;
linens; (ayr.) milk, butter, and eggs
to shoe {* a borse)
|

Ä~}\ ^Lj 6- ol-baid white of egg, al-

bumen; ^Lj 6. al-'ain the white of

,>*jl jLkj baifär pl. *^Lj bayäfira veteri-

the eye; ^Lj b, an-nahär daylight,

jL,Jl narian; farrier

(acc.) by day, during the daytime; ^Lj baifari veterinary ji^^JI <-JJl
<jj*z> |

*JJ i'_j-j **jj bayäda yaumihx wa-sawäda veterinary medicine;

{#>&) ts^d>. vi^
lailihi by day and by night; o^l ^Lj veterinarian
6. al-wajh fine character, good reputation
*J*z> baifara veterinary science; farriery
^Lj Jir* «jmajfc 6. a Nile fish (eg.);
J*
^Lj blank, free from writing, printing l
(*~>) 9-\j bä'a i (bat', »__. mabi') to seil (*

or marks, uninscribed; (jAjjI or) (J

-J s.th., • or J to s.o., l-» for a price) III to
^LJl (labisa, iriadä) to dressin white make a contract (• with s.o.); to pay

u"j* bayüd
laying
pl. ^ fcuyutf, bid (egg-)
homage
sovereign or leader
(• to s.o.); to acknowledge as
(» s.o.), pledge alle-

giance (• to) IV to offer for sale (* s.th.)

,j-i^l abyad 2
, f. «LL baidä'*, pl. lJ
-i=j
VI to agree on the terms of a sale, con-
6t<J white; bright; clean, shiny, polished;
clude a bargain VII to be sold, be for sale
blameleas, noble, sincere (character)
VIII to buy, purchaae (&> * s.th. from
empty, blank (sheet of paper); pl. oLi~JI
s.o. and * » from s.o. s.th.) | *!. 9-LjI ^
al-btdän the white race; ,jÄj*^' white of
**?>) Vj (abtä'u, abl'uhü) I don't trust him
egg, alhumen ]
»Li~> ^jl (ard) harren,
«_j bai' pl. f-j-j buyü', C/ie-j^ buyü'ät
uncultivated land, waateland; »Li-* "*jjj

(taura) peaceful, bloodless revolution

sale | *-Ji for Bale; *i^*- (oL^ or) 5-jj

(jabrlya) forced sales, compulsory sale

a^-i^ l^A-'l (haif) first light of dawn;
äjVI <^MJi\ (dahab) platinum; ^tA-JL
by auction; Ü*i-l» »_j (jumla) wholesale
(J
sale; jU-'lj *?> (Jciyär) optional sale (Isl.
^^ä-iVl with cold steel; »Läj ci-rf* (sohl*

fatukü) his reputation is good; he has

Law); i_-iij j*^ *~j (li-äkiri rägtbin) sale

noble deeds to his credit, he has a noble to the highcst bidder; i-JI »j b.al-'ina

character; »UL> <Ja^ (suhuf) noble, glo-

credit Operation (Isl. Law)

rious deeds; »ULj öji5~l (ukdüba) white ä*_j bai'a agree ment, arrangement
lie, fih; »Lkj UJ (iatla) a sleepless night, husiness deal, commercial transaction,
 bargain; eale; purchase; homage |
<*_JI
J* evident (a s.th.); to announoe (a s.th.);
into the bargain to atate (a a.th.); to ahow, demonstrate
(a a.th.); to explain, expound, eluoidate
f L bayyä' ealesman, merchant, dealer,
(a s.th.), throw light (a on) III to part,
commission agent, middleman
go away (• from), leave ( s.o.); to differ,
•—j maM' sale, pl. -öl Bales (esp. on be different (*, • from), be unlike s.th.
the stock market) (a); to contradict (a s.th.), be contrary
UjL> mubäya'a pl. -ä( conclusion of (a to); to confliot, be at variance, be

contract; homage; pledge of allegiance; inconaistent (a with s.th.) IV to explain,

transaction expound, elucidate (J a s.th. to s.o.);

to separate, aift, distinguish (j* a a.th.
f-Ljjl ibtiyä* purchase
from); to be clear, piain, evident V to be
mj\j bä'i' pl, i*L bä'a seller, vendor; or become clear, intelligible (J to s.o.);
dealer, merchant; salesman to turn out, prove in the end, appear, be-

öoLi bä'i'a aaleawoman come evident; to follow (j* from), be

oxplained (
j* by) ; to be clearly dis-
,-*• moftt' and f-L* mubä' Bold
tinguished (j* from); to seek to ascertain
f-Lw mufcfä' buyer, purchaser (a a.th.), try to get at the facta (a of);

2 r to eye or examine criticaliy, scrutinize

i*j 6l a pl. -ät, »jj ftiya' (CAr.) church;
(a, » s.o., s.th.); to look, peer (a at);
synagogue
to see through s.th. (a), see clearly,

iL» be {eg.) t big, bek pl. ol_^j b&gawät (syr.) perceive,notice,discover,find out (a s.th.);
bey (title of courtesy); cf. iiL to distinguish (j* a s.th. from) VI to
differ, be different, be opposed, be
iijSLj bekawya rank of bey
contrary; to vary greatly, differ widely;
jl£*j bikär compass, {pair of) dividers to vary, differ, fluctuate (ju between two
amounts or limita) X to be or become
^iLSlj Bee ^iL5ö
clear, piain, evident; to Bee, know, per-
*SLi (Fr.) blkek piqu6 (fabric) ceive, notice (a s.th.); pass. ustubina to

follow clearly, be clearly seen (j* from)

'J-.
(Fr. ftttfe) &(/ ball | J-j
^^f jfcurai 6. ball
bearing ^j bain Separation, division; interval;
difference ^r-Jl olj
|
enmity, disunion,
2
*Lo ta/a see J_jj
discord; ^r-JI j in the meantime, mean-
üLL batbudn black eider (bot.)
while

L-jlfL billiarsiyä bilharziasia, Schistosomia- ^j baina (prep.) or ^j ^'t fi-mä b-

sis (med.)
between; among, amidst j
j — ^o either
— or, partly — partly, e.g., ,>j pjÜ\ jlf
*-Lj (Ft. fitüe) bilya pl. -öi little ball, marble —LSnJL^j c~»l—» (pämitin wa-mutakalli*
min) the crowd was divided among thoae
üIi-j^j bimäriatän hospital; lunatic asylum
who were ailent and those who talked;
l
(Lfi\) <J^ bäna i (üLj bayän) to be or be- *iM ü?. iyadaiki) in front of him, before
come piain, evident, come out, come to him, in his presence; with him, on him,
light; to be clear (J to s.o.); (<>.> bain, in his possession, e.g., <jJj ju ^^ V (si*

ij^iw bainüna) to part, bo separated läha) he hasn't got a weapon on him, he

(j* from) II to make clear, piain, visible, is unarmed; jJJi j^t ^j meanwhile,
 ;

in the meantime; iS
J6 ^uj J_j Ipi in ijj
Jp as has been provod; ^i« J» jlT
my heart, at heart, inwardly; v^'-P
Jh to be fully aware of to be well-informed,
;

in hia arme; J±i j* min bainihim from well-poeted, up-to-date about

among them, from their midst; jv J-j jul abyan* clearer, more distinot, more
something between, a cross, a mixture, obvious
a combination ; neither good nor bad,
üLu tibyän exposition, demonstration,
medium, tolerable; ju Ju »^i something
explanation, illustration
between, a cross, a mixture, a combina-
tion; j-^Tj C-Jj j^-j (waqt, äkar), j^> j-^jj tabyin and i'Lt ibäna exposition,

{fatra, ukrä) at times, fxom demonstration, explanation, illustration

tSj*~\j *J*
time to time j-Lj tabäyun difference, unlikeneas, dis-

similarity, disparity
juL mä-bain look up alphabetically

Ljj bainä, ]±u bainamä (conj.) while; JjLj tabäyuni different, differing, oon-
flicting
whereas
^lj bä'in clear, piain, evident, ob-
(jy bayym clear, piain, evident, ob-
2
vious, patent; final, irrevocable (di-
vious, patent; (pl. »LjjI afcytnä' ) eloquent
vorce; Isl. Law); of great length |
^U
üL bayän pl. -äi cleamess, plainneas, JjLJI b, af-fül towering, of unusual
patency , obviousness ; Statement, dec- height (person)
laration, announcement; manifestation
o'lj bä'ina bride's dowry
explanation, elucidation, illustration ; In-
formation, newe ; (official) report, (of-
iij—. mabyüna distance

ficial) statement; enumeration, index, j-^t mubin clear, piain, evident, ob-
list ; eloquence ; üLJt the Koran ; aee vious, patent |
^1\ t^bijl the Koran
also alphabetically ÄJLiA.1 üLj correction
j
j-Li* mutabäyin dissimilar, unlike, dif-
(journ.); üLJl je- ^i- (ganiy) Belf-explana-
ferential, differing, vaxying
tory, aelf-evident; jLJI 1*
r
üm al-b.

rhetoric; jLJI «JJ«*

2
üLj, oLj look up alphabetically
äff al-b. explicative
*

apposition (gram.)
t^l—ü see ^LSj
JLj bayäni explanatory, illustrative;
y^u see ji*
rhetorical

Cm bayyina pl. -ät clear proof, indis- 4-j bih = iL

putable evidence ; evidence (Isl. Law) ;
1
ojjj (Engl.) biyürih puree
a document serving as evidence |
Cm
3
iJjt (?°rfiya) ciroumstantial evidence; 4jj_j-j (Fr. pyorrhle) biyÖrSh pyorrhea (med.)

1
Cj abbreviation of ü^äJj telephone •Ij iä* name of the letter Cj

•o to (particle introducing oaths) by, Jji\S O^jIj fd&üt pl. CjjIjJ tawäbit 2 box, case,

ta-üähi by Godt ehest, ooffer; oasket, coffin, sarcophagus |

 89

-i^Jl OjjlJ t. al-'ahd ark of the covenant; jZ tibr raw metal; gold duet, gold
•Lll ßij OjjU (. ra/' aX-miydh Archime- nuggets; ore
dean screw; v'—H &jfi '• as-säqiya
jUj tabär ruin, destruction
Bcoop wheel, Persian wheel
•j jö tibriya dandruff

Sj-jÜ täbiyökä tapioca

jj3 tabriz* Tabriz (city in NW Iran, capital
tltl to'ta'a to stammer (with fright) of Azerbaijan province)

^ aee gjS »J tabi'a

ceed
a (taba, ItAj
* s.th.),
tabä'a) to follow, suc-

come after s.o. or

(> s.o.,
ojj see jIj s.th. (*, •); to trau, track (*, • s.o., s.th.),

go after s.o. or s.th. (*, »); to walk be-

^t IV j^Jl jtM (froßaro) to stare (* or Jl at
hind b.o. (•); to pursue (* B.th.); to keep,
s.o.)
adhere, stick (* to B.th.), observe (* a.th.)

2
»jlj see j_jl to follow, take (* a road), enter upon
(* a road or course); to comply (* with
•jlj (äza (= ÄjlL) fresh, tender, new
s.th.); to belong, pertain (* to); to be
subordinate, be attached (« to b.o.), be
iiU täha fem. of the demonstrative pronoun
under s.o.'b («) authority or command, be
iili rfäto (dual nom. ii!Ü tänxha, genit.,
under s.o. (») |
^jj-JI ^J {durüsa) to
acc. tiUw tainika)
attend classes regularly III to follow (*,

^Tjj, f»jl tau'am, f. •, pl. r\j> towä'tm* * s.o., s.th.; also = to keep one's mind
twin or eyes on, e.g., on a development); to
agree, concur (» with s.o.,
J* in s.th.),
Ja* Uli at-tämlz tbe Thames be in agreement or conformity (*, Jp
with); to pursue, chase, follow up (• b.o.,
jlj töy (fun. t afgr.) tea |
j*-\ jU black tea
m s.th.); to continuo (* s.th.; »j^sairahü
j^jjU täy&r and ^U täySr (Fr. tailleur) pl. -öf on one'ß way), go on (* with or in)

ladies' taüored suit, tailleur IV to cause to Bucceed or follow (in time,

rank, etc.); to place (* s.o.) under s.o.'b

t_J toMa * (tabb, ^-ü taöai, «_jLj tabäb) to (») authority or command, subordinate
periah, be destroyed X to stabilize, be (« t to b.o. s.o., * > to s.th. s.th.) V to
stabilized, be or becomo atable; to be follow (* B.th., esp. fig. : a topic, a devel-
settled, established, well-ordered, regulär, opment, the news, etc., = to watch,
normal; to progress well |
j-VI *J »_-£-! study); to pursue, trail, track (*, » s.o.,

eveiytbing went well with bim s.th.) ; to trace (* B.th.) ; to be subordinate

(*, to), be attached (• to b.o.) VI to

*J Uj tabban lahüf may evil befall bim! *

may he perish follow in succession, be successive or

I

consecutive, come or happen successively;

<_jLiIJ istitbäb normalcy, regularity,
to form an uninterrupted sequence VIII to
orderliness, order ; stability ; favorable follow, succeed (• s.o., * s.th.), come
oourae or development
after (*, »); to make (* B.th.) be succeeded
or followed (l^ by s.th. eise); to proBecute
C-dl at'tibt Tibet
(» s.o.), take legal action (» against); to

jy tabara i (tabr) to destroy, annihilate (* follow, obey, heed, obBerve, bear in

s.th.) mind (* s.th.); to pursue (* s.th.); to

c?
examine, investigate, study (* ß.th.); mSJ tatabbu' foUowing (esp. flg., of an
pass. uttubi'a to have or find followers, argument, of a development, see Y
adherents ( Je for s.th., e.g., for an idea) |
above); pursuit; prosecution; succession,
i-l~- *Jl (siyiuatan) to pursue a polioy; course {
j£j\d\ ^-I=Jt the course of history;
*-x *Jl (yamtnoAü) to keep (to the) 4J4* iit\jLJ3 ('adlxya) legal aotion, pros-
right X to make (* s.o.) follow, ask (• s.o.) ecution
to follow; to seduce (• s.o.); to have as
£>& tatöbu succession; relay (aöilet.);
its consequence, engender, entail (*
»i Ld U consecutively , Buocessively , in
s.th.); to subordinate to o.a., make
Buccesaion; seriaUy, in serialized form
subservient to o.s. (* a.th.)

f LJl ittibä* following; pursuit (e.g., of

*-j taba' auccesaion; Bubordinateness,
a policy) ; adherenoe (to), compliance
dependency; following, followers; sub-
(with), observance (of); J UL-jl ittiba'an
ordinate, Bubservient (J to a.th.); <uiiU
li according to, in accordance or confonn-
successively, consecutively; J LJ taba* an
ity with, pursuant to, in observance of
U according to, in accordance with,
purauant to, in observance of; due to, in O l/V ittibä'i olassical

consequence of, as the result of; —

(pl. f-Lj! alba) follower, companion,
O *=*V"' üübaiya classicism

adherent, partisan ; sub ject, national, -jU täbi* pl. «*J taba'a, flJ tvbba fol-

Citizen; appertaining, appurtenant, per- lowing, succeeding, subaequent; subsidi-

tinent, incident ary, dependent; minor, secondary; sub-

yJ iaba'% : ijj "<*y*-

r
uquba) in-
ordinate (J to s.o.), under s.o. (J); be-
i
(

cidental punishment (;«r.) longing (J to); subject to s.o.'s (J) au-

thority or competence; adherent (J to),
4aJ tabi'a pl. -ät consequence; respon-
following (J s.o. or s.th.); — (pl. ftjl
sibility, responsihleness Je l*-di Jll (alqä) 1
|
alba ) adherent, follower, partisan; eub-
to make s.o. or s.th. responsible
ject, Citizen, national; subordinate, serv-
r
£jJ tob? f LJ tibä following attach-
pl. ant; faototum; (pl. *j)y) appositive
ed, attending, adjunct; (pl. «JlJ ta* — (gram.) ; appendix, addendum, Supple-
r%
bä'i ) follower, adherent, partisan; aide, ment; O function [math.) | <*jUI «JjjJI

help, assistant, attendant, servant {duwal) the satellite countries

1j»J taba'iya pl. -ät Subordination, **jU täbi'a pl. -jijj tawabi'* female
subjection; subordinateness, dependenoy; attendant, woman servant; a female de-
citizenship, nationality ; l^i U subse- mon who accompanies women; appurte-
quently, afterwards; oonsequently, hence, nance, dependency; consequence, effect,
therefore, accordingly result; responsibility; pl. *j}y depend-

ULJ tibä'an in succeBsion, successively, encies, dependent territories; O satellites

consecutively, one after the other, one {pol.}, = ^1>JI JjJÜl {duwal) the satellite

by one countries

i*jÜL. mutäba'a following, pursuing, pur- 4-juU täbi'iya nationality, citizenship

suit, prosecution; continuation

fj~* matbu foUowed, succeeded (<_>
f LjI itba {gram.) intensification by by) ;one to whom service or obedience is
repeating a word with its initial con- rendered, a leader, a principal (as distal-
sonant changed, such as katir ba\\r guished from a»U subordinate)
 91

»il=u muiaiäbi* auocessive, oonsecutive jtf tajara u and Till to trade, do business;

^ju muttaba' observed, adhered to,

to deal ( J or v in s.th.) III do. (» with
s.o.)
complied with (e.g., regulation, custom);
followed, traveled (road, course) •jlf Hjära commerce; traffio, trade;
merohandise
*J ttbg pl. 9jS tvbüQ tobacco
tfjtf tijäri oommercial, meroantilo,
Jj tabala i to oonsume, waste, make siok trade, trading, business (used attributive-
(. s.o.; said of love) II, III and JjjJ ly); oommeroialized jjL*:' c-u (6aÜ)
|

taubala to spiee, season (* s.th.) commeroial house, business house; Ü^i-I

täbai, täbü pl. JiljJ tawäbiP cori-

4jjUJI (Aarofa») trade, traffio; «jjtf Sf^i
JjL"
ander (bot.); spiee, condiment, aeasoning (Sirka) trading Company ; ^jU" JLL'I

(ittifäq) trade agreement

*JjJ tabbfäa (ayr., leb.) a kind of salad
made of bulgur, parsley, mint, onion, j»c« matjar pl. ^U« moAS/tr* business,

lemon juice, apices, and oil

transaction, dealing; merohandise; Btore,
shop
J>~- matbül (love-)sick, weak, ravaged,
consumed t£j»*i* matjari commeroial, trade, trad-
ing, business (used attributively)
J-i* muia&ooZspicedjBeasoned^avored;
j\jc\ ittijär trade, business (<-> in s.th.)
{ayr., Üb.) stuffed with a mixture of
rice, chopped meat and various spices, _^-Ü täjir pl. jU: tujjär, tijär merohant,
e.g., J—i. OL»: iL (bä4injän) stuffed trader, businessman, dealer, tradesman
|

eggplant iUi-l jij-l; f. al-jumJa wholesale dealer;

«jjpdl j».\j t. at-tajn'a and ^ILiJl _^-Ü (.
•jlJ (Fr. tableau) tablOh pl. -&t a painting
oZ-gt^Ti retailer

^u tibn straw
•_^-U 4*L*> Mf&Ta &2;ira Balable, market-
JJ tibni straw<colored, flaxen able merohandise

oLt tabbän straw vendor «U tujäba (prep.) in front of, opposite, face

üUJI ^jj^ darb at-tabbäna the Milky to face with, facing

Way
il^ tahta (prep.) nnder; below, beneath,
^z* matban pl. ^b. matäbin* straw- underneath j
^dl £-* (tajriba) on
Btack probation; in an ezperimental State;
j%*äj*=N <L^- in preparation; JiiJ-l «i^
iT^-w tabiyökä tapioca
(At/z) in oustody, under guard; jliJI «i^
J
>ül <rf-tatar and jHI (rf-ta#r the Tatars (mdäd), OjJ_I)I c-*= due, outstanding,
unsettled, unpaid (com.) ; j-^LJI c^
^ Ju totori Tatarian Tatar
;
under arms; ^ef c-^ (Azm'tAim) in
fl
talrä (from one after the other, their hearing, for them to hear ; *iJ^J}\ ^J.
if-rj _r"j)

successively, in succeBsion (taswiya) outstanding, unpaid, unsettled

(com.); J»\ji\ ^J (iträfi) under the
ii-UJ (üt'jfc trigger patronage or superintendence of; c^
Ju tulun tobacco j jaAJI suboonscious ; *»j-*J c^ (ta$ar*
r
rufihi) at bis disposal; »JJl z~* (fab ) in
,^>J3 teianüs tetanus (m«J.) press; cJi- (unwäni) under the
ö[y# title
 Q2

of; LJLfrl £*£ (a'ywninä) before our eyes; £ takm, tukm pl.
fj£
tuhüm bound-
^j^\.cJ- in traming; oJI c^ (yad) ary, border, borderline, limit

in hand, at hand, avaüable, handy; £*£

ji-\t» mutäkim neighboring, adjacent
tJj in hifl power; c*£- ,>• min tahti from
linder, from beneath; under r-j^j iadruj*, **-j4j tadruja pheasant

cJ- tahiu (adv.) below, beneath, j*X) tadmur 1 , usually pronounced tudmur*
underneath Palmyra (ancient city of Syria, now a
JU^ tahtäni lower, under- (in Com- small village)

pounds) | <J^ lH^ underwear

iSj*£ tadmuri, usually pronounced
tudmuri anyone j^-tf V nobody, not
J*£. IT to preaent (^ • or # # s.o. with s.th.) j

a living bouI
'*}J- luhfa pl. i_4* fuAa/ gift, preaent;
gern (fig.), curiosity, rarity, article of •j»\J {eg.\ taräbtza) pl. -ät table

virtu, objet d'art; work of art | «Ji *i£-

\*j*-\j träkömä trachoma (med.)
fjannlya) unique work of art

«Jt»«!* mathaf jil. «J»*-U* maiahif1 mu- ^J (Fr. terrasse) teräs terrace

seum |
m^JI ijt^i* m. ai-Sam* waxworks
iS^J tr&m, tramwäy tramway
f'/»
takka u to become sour, ferment (dough)
f become dusty, covered
<—>J tariba a to be or
1 £j£ takt pl. Ojic tulfüt bed, couch; benoh; with dust II and IT to cover with dust
Beat; sofa; ehest, oase, box, coffer, cab- or earth (• s.o., * s.th.) III to be s.o.'b

inet; wardrobe; platform, dais; band, (•) mate or comrade, be of the same age
orohestra j
ilUI cJ* t. al-mulk throne; (• as s.o.) T to be dusty, be oovered with

royal residence, capital; «SXJLl cJe (. dust

al-mamlaka capital (of a oountry) <~>j tirb pl. <-*lyl aträb person of the

üljj cJc, o\jjJ£ taktaruwän, taktara* same age, contemporary, mate, com-
wän mule-borae litter panion, comrade

<—>J tarib dusty, dust-covered

•cit biMa board; deak; blaokboard
aiJ tnrba pl.^ w»_r turab dust; earth,
iric tafctafca to rot, deoay ground (also fig.); soil; grave, tomb;
dirt;

1 graveyard, cemetery, burial ground

Je tajcima a to Buffer from Indigestion, feel

siok from overeating IT to surfeit, satiate ijj turabi pl. -iya (eg.) gravedigger
(» s.o.); to give (• s.o.) indigestion, make
<~*\j turäb pl. *ij\ atriba, ö\*J tirbän
siok (• a.o.); to overstuff, cloy (* the
duat, earth, dirt ; ground, soil
stomaoh) TIB = I

J>\J turäbi duaty; dustlike, powdery;

*Je tttffama, tuhna pl. J£ txtkam, -ät
earthlike, earthy; dust-colored, gray
indigestion, dyspepsia

matjpüm Buffering from indigestion,

O **\J turäba cement
/•_>*£•

dyspeptio
1*jjT tariba pl. t-Jl,/ tarä'ib* ehest, thorax

1
hj+ matraba poverty, misery, desti-
J£ iafcama i to fix the limits of (*), delimit,
tution; (pl. «-oU* matärib*) dirt quarry
limit, oonfine, bound (* s.th.) Ol to
border (* on), be adjacent (* to s%th.) i^JÜ mtUrib dusty, dust-covered
 93 AJ
^J larbaaa (== ^-jjj) to bolt (* a door) ^s* motroa, mitras pl. ^jU* matäris*

taräbia 2 ,
and ^1^* miträs Lr>j\^> matäria* bolt,
pl.
^\*J tirbäa pl. mu\j
iJ ^-Aj
taröbia2 bolt, latch (of a door or
door latch; rampart, bulwark, barricade;
window)
esp. pl. Lrij\i* barricades

Cr^.J tarbantln turpentine

<iL-y taraäna, outf/" tarakäna arsenal; ahip-

»juj (eg.) tarabeza table yard, dockyard

l/.ij turbin pl. -ät turbine J£-*y (Fr. tricycle) tricycle

tt*\j see <Zjjj 3ja-j-* (It. terrazzino) tarasina baloony

fj tari'a a to be or become füll (vessel)

jj tirtir gold and silver spangles (eg.)
IV to £11 (a s.th., esp. a vessel)
frJ tarjama to translate (* s.tb. je from
**/ tur'a pl. fj tura', -dt canal;
one language Jl to another); to Interpret
artificial waterway | i\j*^\ **j t, <ü-träd
(* s.th.); to treat (* of s.th.) by way of
feeder, irrigation canal; ^JtJj^\ ~**J
ezplanation, expound (* s.th.); to write a
drainage canal (Eg.); ii^l ic-jXJl the
biograpby (J of s.o., also •)
Kesidence of the Sultan of Morocco
2
<*lj tarjama pl. j~\J taräjim trans-
J*v, AU/ turgul, turguüa turtledove
lation; Interpretation; biography (also
«LA-I a*;J); introduction, preface, fore- tjy tarifa a to live in opulence, in lurury
word (of a book) S.i.^JI
|
*jh J)\ (aab'inlya) IV to effeminate (• s.o.); to provide with
the Septuagint opulent means, Surround with luzury

öl*; J turjumän pl. ***\J taräjima, (. s.o.) V = I

**-\j taräjim 2 tranelator, Interpreter Jt j taraf and *ij turfa luxury,

opulence, affluence; effemination
frJ* mutarjim translator, interpreter;
biographer J>j tarif opulent, sumptuous, luxu-
rious
frJ* mutarjam translated j J* frJ^*
LUI {film) synchronized (film) J»y* mutraf living in ease and luzury;
sumptuous, luxurious; luxuriously adorn-
rj tariha a (tarah) and V to grieve, be sad
ed, ornate, overdecorated (<-» with)
II and IV to grieve, distress (* s.o.)

rj ^-Uy tirfäa (magr.) truffle (bot.)

tarah pl. ~\J\ aträk grief, distress,
Badness
Jiy tarfala to strut

j jj tarzl pl. *jjj iarziya (eg.) tailor

»ßj tarquwa pl. Jly taräqin collarbone,

<ijj iarziya tailoring clavicle (anat.)

l
W^J ^odk up alphabetically !
iiy taraka u (tark) to let be, leave, reünquish,
renounce, give up, forswear (* s.th.); to
t(J»j
II to provide with a ehield or armor
desist, refrain, abstain (* from s.th.);

tfj iura pl. ^IjTl aträa, ^yjj turüa to leave, quit {* s.o., * a place); to leave
shield; disk of the sun; — tira pl. turüa out, omit, drop, neglect, pass over,
cogwheel, gear |
»jß\ 3jX~*> aundüq at-t. skip (m s.th.); to leave (J or Jl * s.th. to);
gearbox, transmiasion ; ^yil dlf aamak to leave behind, leave, bequeath, make
at-tura turbot (zool.) over (* s.th., J to s.o.; as a legacy) j
4; 94

J*i &j to let s.o. do s.th.; Jl IjK* iiy •J tarika a to concern o.a. with trifles

to leave one place for (another) ; «u i j *f/

*»y turraha pl. -ät sham, mockery,
(/i dimma(tAt) to leave s.th. in s.o.'s care,
humbug, hoaz
farce; lie,
leave s.th. to s.o.; *JU. Jp *Sj to leave
s.th. or s.o. unchanged, leave s.th. or •alj/ (Fr. Troade) tirwäda Troy
s.o. alono; *jtij *Sj (wa-sa'nahü) to
<->jS (Engl, troop) squad, platoon ; squadron
leave s.o. alone, leave s.o. to his own |

Lfj'j-* *-?JJ ißawärl) cavalry squadron

devices III to leave (• s.o.); to leave alone
{• s.o.); to leave off hostilities (• against
s.o.) jkij-j/ = ^L *y
[ r
see under ^~»J abovo

i\J tark Omission, neglect; relinquish-

jLy* tiryäq theriaca; antidote
ment, abandonment; leaving, leaving be-
hind _ȣ>/ (Fr.) tricot
«5*jT tarika pl. -ät (also Urica) heritage, f
i*_J (w'o (f. *-J tfw ) nine
legacy, bequest
jts. UJ tis'ata 'a&ara, f. •_, *—J I

iSÖ/ tarika pl. <*&\j> tarä'ik2 old maid,

'aSrata nineteen
spinster
*-J (im* pl. 9-1 Ji ateä' one ninth, the
«5jU» mutäraka truce
ninth part
t\jj* matrük pl. -ät heritage, legacy
j_>*_j (w'ön ninety

*£J X to
II to Turkify, Turkicize (• s.o.) ^>UI a(-(ö«' the ninth
become a Turk, become Turkified, adopt
JjVl J/^ türin 1 al-awwal October, j£
Turkish manners and customs {j
(JU)I i. aj-fänt November (»Syr., Jr., Le&.,
iJjjl at-turk and i\\j^\ al-aträk the
Jord.)
Turks
LS'üjJL-jS^Ü tfoko&loväkiyä Czechoslovakia
SJ turki Turkish; Turk; ISJA at-tur*

klya theTurkish language JJL;" täil Chile

\Sj turkiyä Turkey üljU ftftwn2 Tetuan (city in N Morocco)

viL jo tatrxk Turkification
*j abbreviation of JLw, see ^U
üls-SV turkistän 2 Turkistan
^jJ ta'i&a a ((a'oi) to work hard, toil, slave,

öL5j3l at-turkumän the Turkmen drudge, wear o.a. out; to be or become

tired, weary (j* of s.th.) IV to trouble,
\t -

r: -J turumbfy (syr.) pl. -ät (Western) drum; inconvenience {« s.o.) ; to irk, bother,
&~*j turumbefa (eg.) pl. -ät do.; specif., weary, tire, fatigue (» s.o.)
bass drum
i_«m ta'abpl.i-jUJl at'äb trouble, exertion,
j.k-.y turumbafgl {eg.) drummer labor, toil, drudgery; bürden, nuisance,
bandsman (mil.) inconvenience, discomfort, difficulty,

hardship; tiredness, weariness, fatigue;

,j—j lurmus.
"
turmüs lupine (bot.)
pl. <~>\jü\ fees, honorarium
j*j*J termümitr thermometer ta'ib and öLJ ta'bän tired, weary,
i_-*J

£j turunj see ry'» £j\ exhausted

 ;,

95 &
t_-cli- matä'ib 2 troubles, pains, efforts; <ÄJ ta/oÄ and *jj»J tu/üA paltriness,
discomforts, inconveniences, difficulties, triviality, insignificance

troubles; complaints, ailments, ille (at-

*>Uj tafäha paltriness, triviality, in-
tending diflease) ; hardships, strains
significance; flatness, vapidity, insipidity,

t-j»!* mvt'ib troublesome, inconvenient, tastelessness ; inanity, stupidity, silliness

toüsome, laborioua ; burdensome, irk-

*Ju tafih and **U &£/iA little, paltry,
some, annoying ; wearisome, tiresome,
trivial, trifling, insignificant ; worthless;
tiring; tedioua, dull, boring
commonplace, common, mediocre; flat,

t^-jd. mut'ab tired, weary tasteless, vapid, insipid; trite, banal

i^jlj täfiha pl. **ljj fawil/iA* worthless

»i»j ta'ta'a to stammer; to shake (» s.o.);
thing; triviality, trifle
«i*j1 itta'iaa to move, stir

jjliJ see j_j»

j*J ta'izz* Taizz (city in S Yemen, seat of
govemment) 3-U7 see Li

^m taaaa a, ia'isa a to fall, perish; to

yü IV to perfect, bring to perfection (* s.th.)
become wretched, miserable; ta'asa and to master, know well {* s.th., e.g., a
IV to make unhappy or miserable, ruin language), be proficient, skillful, well-
(. s.o.) versed (* in s.th.)

^m ta'a and i-Lö ta'äsa wretchedness, jäJ tiqn skillful, adroit

misery
ijLU taqäna firmness, solidity; per-
^m la'is and (_ rjjJ ia'la pl. »l_*J fection
3
tu'asä* wretched, miserable, unfortunate,
jSjI alqan* more perfect, more thorough
unhappy
üLäjI itqän perfection ; thoroughness,
yj-j^-* mat'üs pl. (j-i^li* matä'is* wretch-
exactitude, precision; thorough skill,
ed, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy
proficiency; mastery, command (e.g., of
tJü tajfa to spit II to say "phew" a special field, of a language) |
öU- j
üUT^/I to greatest perfection; of excellent
tJu tuff dirt under the fingernails;

dll Uj tuffan laka phew! fie on you! workmanship

O *»lij taffäfa spittoon, cuspidor

jij mutqan perfect; exact, precise

Iläj tafettä, *liiJ taffeta taqä i to fear (esp. God) VIII see Jj
Jj

JJ taqiy pl. »Uul atqiyä* 1 God-fearing,

*-LiJ tujfäh (coli.; n. un. •) apple(s)
godly, devout, pious
~&Jü tufka pl. <lXiü tufak (ir.) gun, rifle
Jjl atqä more pious

Jü tajala u % (taß) to spit

(u^oti and ,^yü taqwä godliness
Jj
Jij tufi and JUJ tu/äZ spit, spittle, saliva devoutness, piety

Jjj"
ta/i/ ill-smelling, malodorous 1
tahka u to trample down, trample under-
liJj

iliu mitfala spittoon, cuspidor foot, crush (* s.th.); to intoxicate (• 0.0.;

wine)
*Ü ta/iAa o (tafak, *>LiJ tafäha, *yü tufüh) to
2
be little, paltry, insignificant; to be flat, i£j tikka pl. ilio (tjfcafc waistband (in the
tasteless, vapid, insipid upper seam of the trousers)
 ;

dl-

"ilü takka to tick (dock) spoiled, be ruined, break, get broken,

go to pieces II to min (* s.th.); to wear
5SJ (iiia pl. -dt ticking, ticktock (of a
out, "finish" (» s.o.) IY to destroy, an-
clock), ticking noise
nihilate (* s.th.); to min, damage, spoü,
*'<SS look up alphabetically break (* s.th.); to waste {* s.th.)

Oj5o (ufcüi pl. of Engl. (tcJtei iJJJ taiaf ruin, destruction; ruination,

damage, injury, härm; loss; waste

1
il=Sj taktaka to trample down, trample
ülilj talfän spoiled; useless, worthless,
underfoot (* s.th.)
good- for - nothing
*iHJ taktaka to bubble, simmer (boiling
,JiLu matlaf, Üii* matlafa pl. .JiJU.
mass)
matälif deBert
B
J^J tofctaia to tick (clock)
Ji^j mitiäf wastrel; ruinous, harmful,

4&$o taktaka ticking, ticktock (of a injurious

clock), ticking noise ö^jt itläf pl. -Öt annihilation, de-

struction; damage, injury, härm
'i£Jli& taktik tactics

•Jt} \j tälif ruined, damaged, broken

<£j takiya pl. L&J takäyä monastery (of a
spoiled, bad
Muslim order); hospice; home, asylum
needy)
tjijltt matlüf and ._'»[:,» mutlaf ruined,
(for the invalided or
damaged, broken; spoiled, bad
1
j; toll pl. J* tiläl, Jtfl atUü, Jjl: tulül
annihilator, destroyer
!_>!-- mutlif
hill, elevation | <_-*jJ JJ f. a6*6 Tel Aviv
injurer; damaging, ruinous, harmful,
(city in W Israel) injurious, noxious
t^tull tulle
jiij talfaza to televise, transmit by televiaion

Jj^C toJdttf3 hardahipa, troubles, adversities

•jiij talfaza televiaion

jjj talld, jJI* föltd, j^I (»Zäd inherited, time- ijjiij ie i I

I t^ä'a talfaziya tele vision
honored, old (possession, property) broadcast, telecast

<^jSLJj tilisküb telescope O Jl-öij tilfäz televiaion set

Ju IV to Stretch one's neck; to crane (* the öjijiij (Fr. t^Wuwion) ÜKvwyÖn televiaion

neck)
^ilj taljana to telephone
iJj tal'a pl. 9~ti tüä' hill, hillside,
UjÄLj tilifün and O^LlJ talifün pl. -dt
mountainside ; (torrential) stream
telephone
*Jj talf long, outstretched, extended;
.Lit see JJ
high, tall

telegraph; Ji; tifia fem. of the demonstrative pronoun

öljiij tiligräj, taligräf pl. -ät

telegram, wire, cable |

Jl ül_/ilj J^jl to

send a wire to atläm (plow) furrow

Jj talam pl. a^AjI

jljilJ tiligräfi, taligräfi telegraphio

J*L* talmafa to take on as, or have for, a

JA) talifa a (ialaj) to be annihilated, be pupil or apprentice {* s.o.); to be or

destroyed; to be or become damaged or become a pupil or apprentice (J of s.o.,

 also J*),
receive one's schooling or jJU taüU, UUis pl. ^-J^ totalis* sack

training (J*, J from) II tatalmada to be

öji}iAj (Fr. (Ö&wton) (»Jfowy3n television
or become a pupil or apprentice (J or
•Oj
J* of s.o.), work os an apprentice üjjUJ pl. -ät tallfün telephone

(J or »ij J* under s.o.)

djÄjS talifüni telephonic, telephone-
IxJJ talmada sohool days, College (in Compounds)
years; apprenticeship; (time bf) proba-
f tamma t to be or become complete, com-
tion
pleted, finished, done; to be performed,
jUj tÜmäd leaming, erudition be aocomplished (J by s.o.); to come to

JUi; tilmid pl. JL.^ talämid*, lX*-& talä* an end, be or become terminated; to
come about, be brought about, be
mida pupil, atudent, apprentice; proba-
effected, be achieved, come to pass, come
tioner; trainee; disoiple | tfj* .LJj (bahri)
approx.: chief -Warrant W-3 (naval rank; off, happen, take place, be or become a

ftpprox.: chief faot; to be on hand, be there, present

Eff-)l tSj** **s*^ (*»/<""*)
itself; (J* in); to
to persist continue
Warrant W-4 (naval rank; Eg.)
(J* s.th. or to do s.th.) II and
IV to
Äi-Jj tÜmlda pl. -ät girl student
complete, finish, wind up, conclude,

•jl ,
'' 2
(tWnwön Tlemcen (city in NW Algeria) terminate (* B.th.); to make complete,
Supplement, round out, fill up (* s.th.);

SjJl lalmüd Talmud to carry out, execute, perform, accom-

plish, achieve (* B.th.) X to be oomplete,
*Ü taliha a (talah) to be astonished, amazed,
completed, finished
perplexed, at a loss
j-Lc* tamäm completeness, wholeness,
«Jlj tälih and *U* mutaüah at a loss,
entirety, perfeotion; füll, whole, entire,
bewildered, perplexed |
JUI Jli f. al-'aql
complete, perfect; separate, independent;
absent-minded, distracted
L*Le tamäman completely, entirely, whol-

jü u to follow, succeed; ly, perfectly, fully, quite ; precißely,

(^JJ) talä (jjj (uZüu;)

to ensue; — (*j*& tiläwa) to read, read exactly |

Afj-b (badr) and * le" jJ» (qamar)
out loud (* B.th., J* to s.o.); to recite füll moon; öoUl **UI AS j at 6 o'clock

(* s.th.) VI to follow one another, be sharp; 5J&I J« A& (ma'nä hkalima)

successive in the füll sense of the word; >-pL

entirely, completely
jjj tüwa (prep.) after, upon | J-yl
<^£~ tamima pl. fix" tamä'im* amulet
^>bS" jjj Llifto send letter after letter
* atarnm2 more complete, more perfect
»j^i tiläwa reading; publio reading; I

recital, recitation i*ü iatimma completion; aupplementa-

tälin following, succeeding, sub- tion ; Supplement

Jlj

sequent, next; JUiL» bi-t-täli then, later, j.:7 tatmim completion; perfection;

subsequently; consequently, honce, there- consummation, execution, fulfillment, re-

fore, accordingly alization, effectuation, accomplishment

Jln. mutatälin successive, consecutive a\jc'\ itmäm completion; perfection; ter-

mination, conclusion; consummation, ex-

taüi (tun.) tulle
J; ecution, fulfillment, realization, effectu-

jLJj tilibätl telepathy; telepathio ation, accomplishment

 08

fl^l-1 istitmäm termination, conclu- •xJ (It. tenäa) tanda awning rooQng, sun roof
;

sion
jj£ tannür pl. j^U; tanänir2 a ,
kind of
tämm complete, perfect, entire; con-
j»U
baking oven, a pit, usuajly clay-lined,
summate of füll value, Sterling, genuine
;
for baking bread

i!Le" tumbük Fersian tobacco (esp. for the ljj£ tannüra (eyr., leb.) (lady'ß) skirt
narghile)
^JJ tenniß
Ix' tamtama to stammer, mumble, mutter; to 1
iUj tanak tin plate
recite under one's breath (<_j s.th.)
j^&J tanakji tinsmith, whitesmith
je" tamr (coli.; n. un. #, pl. lamarät, jjt tu»
Ä&j tanaka pl. -ä( tin Container, can,
mür) dates, esp. dried ones |
<jx± jt
pot; Jerry can
(hindi) ta marin d (bot.)
VIj'U (finiJfca see lilJ alphabetically
^y {tg. tamargi), ^jj*, ^rjU^', jr^>
Ju tennis
pl. -ya male nuree, hospital attendant; t>r

"<*-jt pl. -ät female nurse fannin tannin, tannic acid

,>jj

jji look up alphabetically

nf tahtaha to stammer, stutter

^L-x timsäh pl. £~-lc" tamäsih 2 crocodile 1

<^ iuhma pl. J- tuham accusation, Charge;

aJu tamga stamp; stamp mark suspicion; insinuation

J
lks 3jj
waraq t. stamped paper
KAf tihäma* Tihama, coastal piain along

je tumman rice
the southwestern and southem shores of
the Arabian Peninsula
jjx tammüz* July (Syr. t Ir., Leb., Jord.)
ij5 taxvwan right away, at once, immediately;
l
j tunn tuna (zool.) just (now), this very minute |
_>dJ li-t-

tawwi at once, right away, also with pers.

*jcJ tinnin pl. jwtJ taJiänin* sea monßter;
Draco (adron.); waterapout
Suffixes: gjd li-tawwi, U^J li-tairwihä
(metecr.); see
(I have, she has) just...; at once, pres-
also alphabetically
ently, immediately
*(jU Wnt' pl. »bJ tunnä' resident
C~\\y (Fr. toiieüe) tuwälü toilette
iiLö tunbäk (pronounced tumbäk) and jl.i"
ü
tumbak Fersian tobacco (esp. for the r

narghile)

matäb) to repent, be penitent, do pen-

JLo tinbäl pl. J-jLo tanöoff* short, of small
ance; with je-: to turn from (sin), be
stature
converted from, renounoe, forawear
jCl (Fr. tfmore) tambar pl. ^ÜJ tanöotr* s.th.; (said of God) to restore to His
Btamp (nw^r.) grace, forgive s.o.) *ul Jl *_jL" to
(J* |

jCi* mutambar stamped (magr.) turn to God in repentance II to induce

to repentance or penitence, make repent
J-U (Turk. tem&el) tambal pl. <LLo fcznd&tfa
(» s.o.) X to call on s.o. (*) to repent
lazy
*jjj tauba repentance, penitence, con-
jc-*Cj {Fr. tungstene) tongdsten tungsten trition; penance
 J?

<->l_J tawwäb doing penance; repentant, J\jj tawwäq longing, yearning, eager
penitent, contrite; forgiving, merciful (Jl for), craving (Jl s.th.)
(God)
JjÜ tä'iq longing, yearning, eager (Jl
v-JLj tä'ib repentant, penitent, contrite for), craving (Jl s.th.)

'^l*\tfy(tökaaTnämit/a;eg.)be]t buckle, (mtl.)

^j*jij> tcbojjräfiyä topography

Jj tül tulle
l
*l>y tut mulberry tree; mulberry | ^J oJ
(ardi) and ^fj»' £»jj (»/ro»/») straw-

beny; i£r <^> (AntÜ) and j-LJI oJ jj tun and <J_J tüna tuna (zool.)

*. ai-'u&ng raapberry
£y (Turk. tun?) tunj bronze
a
oy t£f the firat month of the Coptio calendar
^yjji tünus*, tünia* Tunis
IJJ tättyd, »LSJ KÜtyö', 1JJ tütiya zinc ^JJ fönt« pl. -fin, <-Jl_J tatvänisa
Tunisian (adj. and n.)
pjj II to crown (* s.o.; also fig. »_> * s.th.
with) V to be crowned *J_J tüniya pl. jl_J iauüni alb of priests and
g\5 täj pl. JUwj ff/dn crown; miter {of deacons (CAr.)
a bishop) j^JI -U al-'amvd capital
j f.
(•_J) »U täAa u and II = (*J) .U föAa » and II
{of a column or pilaster); ij&\ g\5 t. cd-
iura oalotte «*J tuAa daughter

£_J tuwaij little crown, Coronet jJ\Z (It. teoiro) tiyäirö theater

£j£ tatunj crowning, coronation

D J^ü toüoi pl. J;lj Bee Jiu

jrj* ie0° ftn(i ^jrj* tßgöland (Eg. spelling)

^^bJ fitänü? tetanus (med.)
Togo (region in W Africa)
(^>) ^Ij *ÖAo * to be destined, be forcor-
<£>')
c^
Bee
& dained (by fate, by God; J to s.o.); to be
»j\j täratan once; sometimes, at times | granted, be given ( J to s.o.) IV to destine,
JjU — SjU, lj_»U — jyü —
;jlJ(/o«ron), Ujl; foreordain (i J to b.o. s.th.); to grant,
(ukrä) sometimes — sometimes, at times afford, offer (* J s.o. B.th.); pass. utiha
— at other times to be destined, be foreordained, be
granted, be given { J to s.o.) J-iyJI J -Jl
"•
L>> tauräh Torah, Pentateuch ; Old Testament |

(utiha) he met with success, he was

^-ij*' ^.JjJ torpid, turbid torpedo (Bub- successful; ~<*jib\J «Jl (furpa) he was
marine missile) given the opportunity, he had the chance

ü»iJ> turbin pl. -ät turbine jLj tayyär pl. -ät flow, stream, course, current,

*Jjj> torta pl. -ät pie,

flood; fall (of a stream); movement, tend-
tart
enoy, trend; draft (of air); (el.) current
(Jy) JlS <ögo « (taug, jU_J tawaqän) to long, |

yearn, wish (Jl for}, hanker (Jl after),

O j-iU- jLj (mubä&ir) and _r^_ jU
desire, crave, covet (Jl s.th.), atrive
(mustamirr) direct current; Q t-^jLi* jLj

(Jl for), aspire (Jl to)

(mutanäwib) and O >t- jL; (mwto-
gayyir) alternating current; O v^-k* J ^ 1

3J» taug, o\JjJ tawaqän longing, yearn- (mutodafc#6) oscillating current (eJ.)
ing, craving, desire
O o^M jLj (ndAt^) pulsating current;
Ji

O »Jti gs* j\? (*»«' at-taraddud)

high-frequency current; üj«I »,jS^ j^j O $jZ u?
^3 (in (coli.; n. un. !) fig |
(Saulci)
(bat? at-taraddud) low-frequency current;

O M^ ^ ->y C* 8 1-jaM) high-ten-

fruit of the Indian fig (Opuntia ficua-

sion current;
al-jahd) low-tension current;
O ^ *J»Li jW
O J^ jV
(«"**"
indica Haw.)

iLJ tainiha see fJU alphabetically

{däti) Belf-induoed current
{<J) »Lj iäha i to get lost, wander about, lose
O jtu matär (syr.) dynamo, generator
one's way, go astray; to stray, wander
»>" (Turk. teyze) *&a m&teroal aunt (thoughts); to escape (,>. s.o.), elip (,>.

memory); to perish, be destroyed,

^ law pl. ^iJl otyö«, ^jJ tuyü* billy goat
s.o.'s

be lost; to be perplexed, Btartled, as-

ü\ atycu? foolish, crazy tonished; to be haughty; to swagger,
l_r

boast, brag (
J* to b.o.) |
ÖLJJ I 44»- j J* 4-U
lijßd\ ,yX oi-Awmmd t-ttfüdlya typhoid fever
I
a smile flits over bis face II to mislead,
lead astray (• s.o.); to distract, divert
^ji-J (t/fi* typhus
(« s.o.); to confuse, confound, bewilder

iL; itfca fem. of the demonstrative pronoun (» s.o.) IV =n

'
iJii (Uta
<J tih desert, trackless wilderness;

II (from Turk. Je!) to cable, wire, tele- maze, labyrinth; haughtiness, pride
*J^
graph {syr.)
•LJ tayyäh Btraying, stray, wände ring;

*JJ f*Z hemp; Unen haughty

jLpJ taihän* Btraying, stray, wandering;

3
<U «to fiber, staple
perplexed, at a loss, be wildered; proud,
J
(*J) flJ Mmo » (tatm) to become enslaved, haughty
enthraJled by love; to enslave, make
through »Lpj taihä'' and i*U* matäha a trackless,
blindly Bubßervient ( • s.o. ;

desolate region; i*U* maze, labyrinth

love) II to enslave, enthral (love; * s.o.);

to make blindly eubservient, drive out 4jLj tä'ih straying, stray, wandering,
of bis mind, infatuate (• s.o.; love) roving, errant;lostinthought, distracted,
abBent-minded; lost, forlorn; infinite;
-i. mutayyam enslaved, enthralled (by

love), infatuated
haughty

'»Lj taimä' 1 Taima (oasis in NW Arabia) ^J^J (Engl.) tulip

i abbreviation of *JIj seoond (time unit) Lj} tu'aba* yawning, yawn; fatigue,
weariness
f\j fd' name of the letter ^
Ji ta'ara a {tar) to avenge the blood of

^Ju ta'iba a (^M ta'b) and VI to yawn (• or i_j), take blood revenge (»oru for
 ;

101

s.o. killed), take vengeance, avenge o.s. e.g., a qualification, a quality, J in s.o.),

(t-» • on s.o. for, also ^ or J for) IV and concede (J * s.th. to s.o.) ; to prove guilty,
VIII jl)l üta'ara to get one's revenge, convict (Je a defendant); to enter, re-
be avenged cord, register, list (
j * s.th. in a book, in

jU ta'r pl. -öl, jTjI afär, Jj\ ätär re- a roster, etc.) j
Jj^il j oJI (waraq) to

venge, vengeanoe, blood revenge; re-

put s.th. down in writing, get s.th. on

taliation, reprisal |
»jU Jj-\ or juJL i*^l
paper; u^i^\ ilaJI (Jiakpa) to determine
s.o. 's identity, identify s.o.; <:?**& C-u!
to take revenge, avenge o.s.; jlill SljL*
(&ak#iyatahü) to identify o.s., prove one's
mubärät at-t. return match (sports)
identity V to ascertain, verify (j s.th.,
J\j tä'ir avenger
J* if), make sure (j of s.th., J* if);

JjJjj tu' lül and ÜjJJj tu'lüla pl. JJt taäliP to consider carefully (j s.th.), proceed
wart with caution (j in) X to show o.s. stead-
fast, persevering; to seek to verify (*
j/j fo'd scars
s.th.), try to make sure (* of), seek con-
^Uo taAata u (oLJ taiöf, OjJ |u2)ü/) to stand firmation of or reassurance with re-

firm, be fixed, stationary, immovable, gard to (a); to ascertain, verify (* s.th.),

unshakable, firm, Btrong, stable; to hold make sure (* of s.th.); to find right,
out, hold one's ground {J against s.o. or proven or true, Bee oonfirmed (* s.th.);

s.th.), be firm, remain firm (J toward s.o. to regard as authentic {* s.th.)

or s.th.), withstand, resiet, defy (J s.o.
C-y tobt firm, fixed, established; stead-
or s.th.); to be established, be proven
fast, unflinching; brave
(fact); to remain, stay («-> at a place);
to maintain (J* s.th.), keep, stick, ad- C-jj tabat reliable, trustworthy, credible

here (J* to s.th.), abide or stand by s.th. C-y tabat pl. oLJl atbät list, index, roster

(J#; e.g., by an agreement); to insist

oLj tabät firmness; steadiness, con-
(J* on) <4*-j J C^J
| (/» wajhihi) to
stancy, permanence, stability; certainty,
hold one's own against s.o., assert o.s.
sureness; perseverance, persistence, en-
against s.o. II to fasten, make fast, fix
durance; continuance, maintenance, ie-
(a s.th.); to consolidate, strengthen (*
tention (J* of s.th.), adherence (J* to)
s.th.); to stabilize {> s.th.); to confirm,
corroborate, substantiate (* s.th.) ; to üjj tubüt constancy, immutability,

appoint permanently (» s.o.; to an office); steadiness; permanence, durability; cer-

to prove, establish {* s.th.), demonstrate, tainty, sureness |

^+JÜl OjJ t. aS-Sahr

show {uti that); to prove guilty, con- the official determination of the be-

vict (J* a defendant); to confirm (Chr.) |

ginning of a lunar month
<i »j**i £~u (baparahü) to fix one's eyes on,
C-iji atbat 2 more reliable, firmer, stead-
gaze at; 4_.o» C-y (qadamaiki) to gain
ier, eto.
a foothold IV to establish, determine
Cj-Ü tatbit consolidation, strengthening
(* s.th.); to assert as valid or authentic,
Btabilization ; confirmation ; corrobora-
affirm {* s.th.); to confirm, corroborate,
tion, substantiation |
C-^iJI _^ sirr at-t.
substantiate {> s.th.); to prove (J* * s.th.
the Sacrament of Confirmation (Chr.)
to s.o.; J to s.o., ul that); to demon-
strate, show (> s.th.); to furnish compe- oLIl itbät establishment; aSBertion;

tent evidence (* for); to bear witness, confirmation ; affirmation, attestation

attest (* to); to acknowledge (* s.th., demonstration ;

proof, evidence; regia-
 102

tration, entering, listing, recording; doc- Jlu look up alphabetically

umentation, authentication, verification |

CjLJI oaU witness for the prosecution;

/ tajja u to flow copiously
r
oLJVl »«--fr ib' al-i. bürden of proof (jur.) r\jt tajjäj copiously flowing, Streaming

jLjI itbäti affirmative, confinnatory, jfi- takuna u to be or become thick, thicken

corroborative, positive to be firm, solid, compact IT to wear out,
exhaust, weaken («s.o.) J 1>jJ *Jfil (darban)
C-Ju tatabbut ascertainment; verifi-
to wallop s.o. give s.o. a sound thrashing
cation, examination, oheck; careful, cau- ,

r
procedura, circumspection ;
j^all j jfi- 1
(
adüw) to massacre the
tious inter-
enemy; ^t^^L-lj 4^\ to weaken s.o. by
ment (of the remains of a saint; Chr.)
inflicting wounds
CjLj täbit firm, fixed, established; sta-
jfi- tikan, iJÜt takäna, ijyt tuküna
tionary, immovable; steady, invariable,
thickness, density; consistency; compact-
const&nt, stable; permanent, lasting, du-
ness
rable, enduring; confirmed, proven; a
constant |
^iU-1 CjIj t. al-jcCa undis- ,>jc takln pl. »LJc tukanä* 3 thick;
mayed, fearless, staunch, steadfast; C-jU dense
aJ*JI t. al-'azm firmiy resolved, deter-
^0j tady and tadan m. and f., pl. »lall o&iä'
mined; oÜ iJ^Ul and otf Jlj*l im-
female breast; udder
movable property, real estate, realty;

O «1*1/1 c-jIj t.al-ittijäh unidirectional, _r (arr abounding in water |

«-oJl ^ •/ (dam')
rectified (el.) tear-wet, tear-blurred (eye)

ijU tabita pl. C-ijy tawäbit 1 fixed star

w>y taraba i (tarb) and II to blame, censure
0>-i» matbüt established, confirmed (• and Jp s.o.)

certain, sure, positive, assured; proven

•~lj3 tatrib blame, censure, reproof

ji tabara u to destroy, ruin (»s.o.); (jjj tu* (lj j

jj tartara tartara) to chatter,
bür) to perish III to apply o.a. with zeal prattle
and perseverance (J* to fl.th.), persevere,
j\jj tartär prattler, chatterbox; •jliy
persist
(
J* in)
tartara do. (fem.)
jjJ tubür ruin, destruction |
^jÜ
•jj tartara chatter, prattle
Jjr^J Jo^ (^ J or ) t*^ (do'ä) &t-J-u>atl

wa-t-t. to wail, burat into loud laments ±j tarada u to crumble and sop (* bread)

Syli. mutäbara persistence, persever- Jjj tarid a dish of sopped bread, meat
ance, endurance; diligence, assiduity and broth

iiJ taba}a u and II to hold back, keep, pre- jjw mürad bowl
vent (^ » s.o. from doing s.th.); to
fj tarama i {tarm) to knock s.o.'s (•) tooth
hinder, handicap, impede, slow down,
out; — tarima a (taram) to have a gap
set back (*, « s.o., s.th.); to bring about
between two teeth
the failure (* of s.th.), frustrate (a s.th.)

{jj and <jj) <£j tariya a to become wealthy

Äiu tvbna pl. ,>' fwia« lap, fold of a gannent
IV to become or be rieh, wealthy (<-» or
(used as a receptacle)
,y, through s.th.); to make rieh, enrich

üL> tibän = Äio tvbna (. B.O.)

 103

^j taran moist earth; ground, soil |

pU tägin bieating |
Le-Ij Vj i-i-U *l U
Lj^Jl Ja isJü\ {j\ aina t-t. min at-turayyä (rägiya) he has abeolutely nothing, he
(proverbially of things of disproportionate is deprived of all resources, prop. : he
value) what has the ground to do with has neither a bieating (sheep) nor a

the Pleiadea? »\j Äiil ._-!» (jayyaba) braying (camel)

approx. : may God rest him in peace 1
jju fafar pl. j\Ju\ aifär crupper (of the
&j tariy pl. »Ijj'l atriyä' 2 wealthy, saddle)
rieh | <-?j}-\ iiJ t.al-harb war profiteer,

nouveau riche Jju tv.fl dregs, lees, Bediment; residues

Cj\jJ tariyät plantations jju III to associate {« with a.o.), frequent

tjj tarwa and *\j tarä* forturie, wealth, s.o. 's (») Company; to pursue, practice
(* s.th.)
riches |
ijjtll J»l ahl at-t. the rieh, the
wealthy; "*-»ß Ijj (qaumlya) national iüj tafina pl. -ät, jii tifan callus,

wealth; «Jl. *jj (mä'iya) abundance of callosity

water, abundant supply of water (of a
*Ju\ look up alphabetioally
region)

\jj furayyä Pleiadea; (also hj) pl. <cj see jJj

oLy turayyät ohandelier

i__i) taqaba u (iaqb) to bore, or drill, a hole

j» mutrin wealthy, rieh (* in s.th.), pierce, puneture, perforate

{* s.th.) II do. II and IT to light, kindle

jLu tubän pl.
1
Ool*? t&'äbin snake »Hl jLw
|
(* s.th.) V and VII to be pierced, be
(. al-ma eel
punetured, be perforated
JLu tubäni snaky, snakelike, Serpen-
^Jutaqb piercing, boring, puneture, Per-
tine; eely
foration; (also tuqb pl. v-^äj tuqüb, ^LäJI
^jkL> mafab pl. »_-*li» maiä'ib* drain aiqäb) hole, puneture, borehole, drill

hole
<IL*j tu'ala foz
«Ju tuqba pl. <_Ju tvqab hole
U*S ta'lab pl. JU ia'älib* fox | ^JLsIl »1j
'Cd at-tiqäb match-
w'Uj and i_jUi)l j_j*
alopecia (med,), loas of hair
stick; matches
i
Xi fa'labi foxy, foxlike
V>^J |t*£fifi keenness, acuteness (of the
LLJ ta'laba vixen ; O tetter (med.)
mind)

_^J ioff r pl- jy* tvQü* front tooth; mouth; t_ 3*. mtfgoo pl. i_JÜL* matäqib* borer,
port, harbor, inlet, bay; seaport drill, gimlet, auger, brace and bit, wimble,
perforator; drilling machine
»jii tugra pl. ji titgar breach, crevasse,
crack, rift, crevice; opening, gap; cavity, v Uj'I ijgöb kindling, lighting

hollow; narrow mountain trail

«_Jlj fögtö penetrating, piercing, Bharp

(•lii tagäm white, whitenesa (mind, eyes) |

JicM t_itf (. an-nazar per-
spicacity; sharp-eyed; _^ill *_-»Lj f. aZ-
>lj tägim white (adj.)
jiJfcr sagacity, acumen, mental acuteness;
(jw) Im tagä u (»tu tuga) to bleat (ßheep) shrewd, Bagacious, eharp-witted

»lju tuga bieating, bleat oUij tögtbdt borers (zool.)

JmJu taqifa a (taqf) to find, meet (» s.o.); — (J* to s.o.), trouble, oppress (J* s.o.);
taqifa a and taqufa u to be skiüful, smart, to be sluggish, doltish, slow; to be in a
clever II to make straight, straighten bad mood, be sullen, grumpy; to find
(* s.th.); to correct, set right, straighten burdensome and turn away (jp from
out (* s.th.); to train, form, teach, edu- s.th.); not to bother (jp about); to be
cate ( s.o.); to arrest ( s.o.); to Beize, too dull, too sluggish (jp for s.th., to do
confiscate (* s.th.) III to fence (• with s.th.) X to find heavy, hard, burdensome,
s.o.) V to be trained, be educated troublesome (* s.th.), find annoying {*,

• s.o., s.th.) |
4Üi J5£L-1 (fitfaÄü) to
üLaj taqäfa culture, refinement; edu-
find s.o. unbearable, dislike s.o.
oation ; (pl. -ät) culture, civilization

jLÄj taqäfl educational; intellectual; Jij {iql pl. JLÄjM atqäl weight; bürden,

cultural jlÜ J*»L (miUhaq) cultural load; gravity; heaviness |

JUJVf **j taf
|

attachö al-a. weight lifting {athlet.); ,y>Jl JÜJl

(nau'i) specifio gravity
iJtJd> tatqif cultivation of the mind;
training, education; Instruction J5j tiqal heaviness; aluggishness, dull-
ness
üJÜL. mutdqafa fencing, art or sport of
fencing, swordplay, Bwordsmanship Jü taqal pl. JliJi atqäl load, baggage

iJüiS tataqquf culturedness, oulture, re- 6">ÜiJl at-taqalän the humans and the
finement, education Juan

ijüi< mutaqqaf educated; trained; oul- äUj Ja^Za trouble, inconvenience, dis-
tured comfort

il Uj faqäla heaviness ; sluggishness

Jü faqvla u (tiql, *JUj taqdla) to be heavy;
doltishness; dullness
with t->: to load or hurden s.th., make
B.th. heavy; to be hard to bear (J* for JJJ taqil pl. ,-tfu tuqatä*, JU' fi^t«
s.o.), weigh heavily (J* on), be burden- heavy; weighty, momentous, grave, se-
aome, cumbersome, oppressive( J* to s.o.) rious, important; burdensome, trouble-
to be heavy-handed, sluggish, doltish, some, cumbersome, oppressive; unpleaa-
dull-witted; to be too dull, too sluggish ant, disagreeable, distasteful (person) |

(jp for s.th., to do s.th.), not to bother p-dl J-ij (. od - dam insufferable, an-
(jp about) II to make heavy, weight pleasant, disagreeable (person) ; rjj\ J-i»
(* s.th.); to bürden, encumber (J* s.o., t. ar-rüh doltish, dull (person) ; a bore
1
* with s.th.), overburden (J* s.o.), over- Jiill J-i |. aj-jül disagreeable, in-
tax s.o.'s
(J*) strength, ask too much Bufferable (person); ^ill J^il |. al-fakm
(J* of s.o.); to trouble, inconvenience, slow of understanding, alow-witted; J-äj
bother (J* s.o., t-> with s.th.), pester, r
*-Jl |. o«-Aim hard of hearing; wli^
molest ( J» s.o.) «Ulf Ji* and <US' JUI
| 1L2J (fltnö'a) heavy industry ; JJsJ »L
(käAüahü) to bürden s.o. or s.th. ; J*tf JJu heavy water (phya.)
ul>il to bürden the budget IV to
3
Jijl o£gaZ heavier ; more oppressive
bürden (*, * s.o., s.th.); to oppress, dis-
tress (* s.o.), weigh heavily (» on); to be Jüi. mttgäZ pl. J-»li* moiögiP weight
hard to bear (» for s.o.) | <US' JJul (also s.th. placed as an equipoise on the
(kähilahü) see II; VI to become or be scales of a balance) ; miskal, a weight (in

heavy; to be troublesome, burdensome Egypt = 24 Uj* =* 4.68 g) | Iji jUi. m.

 v ; ;;

e*

ßarra the weight of a dust speck, i.e., a iiiJ tuü pl. i^JbM ailäi one third; fuZu*
tiny amount; a little bit; ^* JLÜ* a little a sprawling, decorative calligraphic style

oft a little bit of

«NJ fa/öta (f. i* 1
toiö) three; INJ
JJ& tatqll weighting, burdening; mo- tolöfon three times, thrice

lestation
J*)tf /oZöft tertiary; Tertiary (?eoi.) |

JiLü tatäqttl sluggishneas, dulJness j:AiJI JJ L. pre-Tertiary

JJÜ* mutaqqai and mutqal burdened, jU. Äj^S talätaia 'aSara, f. i^t* «i^
encumbered ; overloaded ; weigbted ( ta&Ka 'a&rata thirteen
with s.th.); oppreaeed (o* by); heavy
iJlill aWäZif the third; liili (älifan,

JiLbu mutaiäqil sluggish, duU; sullen, thirdly; liltf

l
/eo of a aecond
grumpy
j^J -
^ talätün thirty

J& JaMIa a (tateZ) to lose a cbild (•), also:

and
.U^ill at-ialäiä* .U^ill pj yaum-
to be bereaved of a loved one by
(•)
Tuesday
a/-|.
deatb IV U-Üj ^\ JfcJI o/ifeaJa l-umma
waladahä to bereave a motber of her son
i ^ fuJö|
- a
and ^ii. matlat* three at a
time
J& taiaZ state of one who has lost a
J*jC (uJö** tripartite, consisting of three,
friend or relative; mourning over the loss
(gram.) triliteral, consisting of three
of a loved one
radicals; tri-; trio (mus.) |
WjjJl J*>tf $•

ü*&5 faJWdn{*) bereaved of a child z-zawäyä triangulär; olijjJl J^ (. J-uw»

ro^öi trifoliate
J& taJUä bereaved of a child (mother)

<S*tf täküa pl. JTIjJ jawäfct'Z" bereaved >L>j}\5 JöfcW Trinity (CAr.); trinity, triad

of a child (mother) triplet 1 ijJlill »y»j zoArat af-|. pansy

{bot.)

iiSo fufcna pl. jjSd tukan, -ät barracks (mtl.)

£!*" tatllt doctrine of the Trinity;

toKa « (JL* toloZ) to tear down, deatroy, Trinity {Chr.)

J}
overthrow, subvert (* s.th., esp. LJ_/>
trigonometric(al)
JJiS tatlity
'orion to topple a throne) VII to be
u nl*- mtttaüat tripled, triple, threefold;
subverted, overthrown (throne)
having three diacritical dota (letter);
ÜJ fuüa pl. JU /utoJ troop, band, party, (geom.)
triangulär; (pl. -ät) triangle \

group (of people); military detachment iljIVI Hill *Aß (rdya) t dJiLI {'(dam)
^1
and Lt-Lill the tricolor; ilU iiiil (A&W)
l^L* talaba t (taÄ) to criticize, ran down (•
acute-angled triangle; LljjJI *iii- m. az-
s.o.); to Blander, defame (• s.o.)
zauüyä triangulär; ^Ul jjl—IM iiiit
<_Jj talb slander, defamation triangle
(muiasäuj» «-aäjutn) isoscelea

i-ii. mailaba pl. ,_Jli. moiöZft 9 short- 9-^U-iV' tfjl—ii.1 iiill equilateral triangle;

coming, defect, blemish, stain, diagrace /Uli iilll right-angled triangle

^J \j tälib slanderous, defamatory iliül al-mutaüatät and oliiiil v -^

1

Bianderer Awöft ol-m. trigonometry

dJ5 II to triple, make threefold {* s.th.); to rÜ talaja u: *\Jh c->*1j («17710*«) it snowed,
do three times (* s.th.) was snowing; — JaZijo a to be delighted,
e*
be gladdened (aoul, heart; lj by) II to C^*JI itL. muntalim o^-^it of ill repute,
cool with ice (* s.th.); to freeze, tum into of dubious reputation
ice {* s.th.) IV *^Jl Cj*L*I it snowed, was
< famma there < j* min famma hence, there-
snowing; to cool, moiaten (* 8,th.) |
Jjl |

fore, for that reason

*jX* {fadrahü) to delight, pleaae, gratify
s.o. V to become icy, tum into ice, < tumma then, thereupon ; further-
oongeal; to freeze more, moreover; and again, and once
more (emphatically in repetition) *& < *& |
^1j talj pl. rjtitulüj snow; ice; artificial
(kaUä) no and a hundred times no! r ^»
ice |
JiJI *>4j nudfat a\-t. snowflake
min tumma then, thereupon
^Ji falji snowy, snow- (in Compounds)
ix [ammata (c~c ) there; there is |
,^-J
icy, glacial, ice- (in Compounds)
<t there ian't
pU" talij icy
^U tumäm a grass | >l^l öjL Jp (Ja-

r^ taÜdj pl. -ün ice vendor ra/i i-|.) within easy reach, handy; J**-

h~^ taüäja pl -ät iceberg, ice floe; ^1 tjjl»

J* liö made it readily under-
atandable, he presented it plausibly for all
refrigerator, icebox

l»Jju matlaja pl. £li* matälij* icebox, -Lei look up alphabetically

refrigerator; oold-Btorage plant

jjc famara u to bear fruit IV do. X to profit,
rjk" ma^lüj snow-covered iced, ; ioy; benefit (*from);toexploit,utilize(*8.th.);
oü^ii* frozen food; ioed beverages to invest profitable (* money)

Jli- muiaüaj iced ; icy, ice-cold jx tamar pl. jU /wiär, jlc I

atmär
fruits, fruit (coli.); reault, effect, fruit,
1J talama i (foim) to blunt, make jagged (* fruitage; yield, profit, benefit, gain
s.th.), break the edge of (*); to make a

breach, gap or opening (* in a wall); to

iy tamara (n. im. of tamar) pl. -ät

denle, sully (* reputation, honor) ; — Ja*

fruit; reault, effect; yield, profit, benefit,

lima a to be or become jagged, dull, blunt gain

II to blunt (* s.th.) V to become blunt j^L.1 iatifmär exploitation (also pol.~

VII to be defiled, be discredited (repu- econ.), utilization, profitable uae
tation)
jJu mufmir fruitful, productive, prof-

p talm nick, notch; breach, opening, itable, lucrative

gap; crack, fissure, rift |

c*~*Jl 1) t.
jJZ~* mustatmir pl. -ün exploiter (pol.-
ap-pit defamation
econ.); beneficiary

Uu tulma pl. ]j fulam = talm | <Jj -u

«(KÜo tulmatan to fiU a gap; o— T V «*L*
Jx tamila a (|amaZ) to become drunk IV to
make drunk, intoxicate {• s.o.)
(tusaddu) a gap that cannot be closed,

an irreparable loes Jx tamai intoxication, drunkenness

}\j täiim dull, blunt iLc tamala drunken fit, drunkenness

Ajli* maflüm defiled, sullied (reputation, Jx tamil intoxicated, drunk(en)

honor)
*JU twnäla residue, reninant, dregs (of
liL. mutafaUim blunted, blunt; craok- a liquid), heeltap (of wine); scum, foam,
ing (voice) froth
 107

1
yc
l
II to appraise, aasen, estimate (* s.th.), <-y {'in&na fartuiki) he galloped off

determine the prioe or value (* of s.th.); II to double, mako double {* B.th.); to do

to price (* s.th.) |
jJ± V lä yutammanu twioe, rcpoat (* s.th.); to pleat, plait

invaluable, ineetimablo, priceleaa (* s.th.); to form tho dual (* of a word);

to provide with two diacritical dots {*
jx iaman pl. üU I atmdn, i-c I o|mina
a letter) IV to commend, praise, laud,
price, oost; value |
J^VI >JI (oaft) ooet
extol (J* s.th., s.o.), «peak appreciatively
price; ^-UVI J-il' (tudri) par, nominal
(J* of) .bül | >U
<-U JJI ('äfim t-fanä')
value
to speak in the most laudatory terms of
j^I famin costly, precious, valuable s.o. V to double, beoome doublo; to be
doublod; to be ropeated; to bend, fold;
j*l olman1 coatlier, more preoioua,

moro valuable
to be bont, be folded, be folded up or
under; to walk with a swinging gait
j^J3 taumln estimation, appraisal, as- VII to bend, bcnd up, down or over, lean,
BeBsment, valuation, rating incline, bow; to fold, be foldable, be

öj~i* matmün object of value folded back; to turn away (j* from),
give up, renounce (j* B.th.); toturn, face
^L, mu|ammtn estimator, appraiser
toward); to apply turn
|
(Jl o.a., (Jl to

s.th.); (with foll. imperf.) to set out, pre-

^L, mtifamman prized, valued, valu- paro (to do s.th.) X to except, exclude

able, preoioua (j- • or * s.tb. or s.o. from), make an

exception (* of s.th.)
j^i. mujmtn costly, preoioua, valu-
able Jj fany bending ; folding ; turning
away, dissuasion, koeping, prevention
j*t* mufman objeot of value

tj? I in y pl* *U' «•?«•*' fold, pleat, plait,

•wie tamäniya (f. uLc tam&nin) eight crease (in cloth); bend, twiat o*» Li?
|

ji* *Jlc famätuyata *a£ara, f. »yJ^ jLc Jl tinyan ba'da fmyin from time to
famäniya 'a&rata eighteen time

j£ fumn pl. ölx I ajman one-eighth »bjl atnä'a (prep.) during; in the
course of j »U>t j /» atnä'i do.; j
ex tumna pl. -dl a dry measure (Eg. =«
•UV» »-i* <j, «UVI dt <j, *ili .USI in the
i/,
c
=
u; .258 1; Poi. = ca. 2.25 1)
meantime, during all this time, mean-
j^Jlc famänfin eighty while

j^bll a|-tämin the eighth •Lu tanya pl. tanaydl fold, pleat, plait,

crease (in cloth)

j*L> mu|amman eightfold; octagonal
•Li? fanfya pl. LL> tandyä middle in-
<i» junna pl. ju {unan fetlock cisor; narrow paas; mountain trail |

!j-Cj JunaVa, {undutua pl. iU> {anddtn breast

LU> j in, inside, among, between, fre-

quently only a fuller, rhetorically more

(of the male)
elegant expression for "in", o.g., LU> j
Ji fafid t (tony) to double, double up, fold, cä) in bis heart, inwardly, ^-iSÜI LU> j in

fold up, fold under (* B.th.); to bend, flex the books ; l Ü ^j in, inside, among, be-
(* s.th.); to tum away, dissuade, keop, tween; IjUI p^ foUtT of-f. one with
prevent, divert (j* • s.o. from) | üb* J5 high-flung oapirations
 ;

»b tantt commendation, praise, eu- »Uix-l istitnä* ezception, excluaion |

logy; appreciation »bil^L. with the exception of, except;

*\^L-\ üj-ü without ezception
»b tuntf* and Ji. maknä two at a
tizne JbixJ ta*i(nä't ezceptional; UUil-l
wfünä'Iyan as an ezception iJbJiJ J^*-l |

,jjS tanawi dualist

emergencies; i-JUil— I i*JU- 0oi«i) emer-

*j yi janawiyo dualiam gency Session

Jb tami'i laudatory, eulogistio Ji. ma}niy folded; plaited, pleated;

doubled
JLj ttmä'i twofold, double, dual, bi-

nary, bi-; biradical {gram.); duet, duo Ji> mujannan double, twofold; in tbe
(mu.) |
jljlll üb* iij* (mufcami f. I- dual (gram.)
mihoär) two-cyole engine
JM.„- mustatnan excepted, excluded

O 3-Jb jund'Iya dualism; duet, duo (,>. from)

(miM.)
IjJ täwa see ^ _y
jb*i tfndn», f. jliu! ifnatdni two

^ b*l

'airata twelve
gnd 'oioro, f. ly^ IimI ünoW
1
(v>) V^ #**
(also, e.g.,
u to return »
a state or condition,
come back
Jl or J to
s.o.); with v : ** r©turn 8 tü - (J' to 8 -
' -) I

ü^Vl fji
yaum aZ-i£natn and joJ'iM 4-Äi Jl i-jÜ to regain consciousness, come
Monday to; *Xij <JI v^ (ruiduAü) to recover
one's senses II to reward (• s.o.; said of
Jlill at-täni tha second; the neit; Uli
God) IV to repay, requite (* m s.th. with);
yiniyan and v^ töniyatan secondly; for
J* X to aeek reward
to reward . s.o. for)
the seoond time, once more, again |
(

JCjI jü j. fnatn the seoond of a pair, pen- <~>j} jauA pl. <—»LJ tiyäb, <—»'>' atwäb
dant, companion pieoe, matoh garment, dress; cloth, material ; (fig.) garb,

3Jü fdniya pl. öj^* |au*!nin seoond outward appearance, guise, cloak, maak;

(time unit) pl. ^Lj olothes, clothing, apparel |

<->Lj

•j+-1\ {. as-sahra formal dress, evening

<Sy^ tänav* seoondary; minor |
j_^-l
clothes ; .U—j <->Ji j in piain, homely form
*j_^U matters of seoondary importance, of flawless character, irre-
t-*LiJI j»IV
minor matters; <tyÜ *-jJ* secondary
proachable
sohool; iSjJ\j £o-j subletting
xj\y tatoäb requital, recompense, re-
L£ tatniya repetition; plaiting, pleat-
ward (for good deeds); (Ial. Law) merit,
ing; doubling, gemination; (gram.) dual; from a pious deed)
credit (arising
seoond seqnel (o.g., of a collection of
short stories); commendation, praise, <>jZ* matwaba requital, reoompense, re-

eulogy | 9-lJwVl V" Beutoronomy ward (bestowed by God for good deeds)

»LjuI i-niinä* bending, flection; flexibil- ^ll* mafäb and <t\t» maiäba place to

ity, foldability | »Uii^J Jitt foldable, whioh one returns meeting place rendez-; ;

folding vous resort, refuge

;

;.Liil iniinä'a pl. -dt (n. Tic.) bend, Öli- maiäba (with foll. genit.) place or

flexure, curve time at which s.th. appears or recurs;

 109

manner, mode, fashion ; see also pre- jli* maiär incentive, Stimulus, motive,
ceding entry j lAtx (with foll. genit.) like, spur, ocoasion, cause |
JuJ-l jli* m. ai-

as ; tantamount to, equivalent to, having jadal and fl j*Jl jli» object of controversy,

the same function as point of contention

tfära excitation, stirring up, kin-

jlil =
•j\j\
^»Uj (i_ VI) to yawn
dling; agitation, incitement; provocation,

(j_jj) jU tära u to stir, be Btirred up, be a- (a)rousing, awakening; irritation, Stim-

roused, be excited to swirl up, rise (dust) ;

ulation

to arise (question, problem; a difficulty,

J\j iä'ir excited, agitated, raving, fu-
<p-j j ß wajhihi before s.o.) ; to be trig- rious, mad; rebellious; fury, rage (in the
gered, be unleashed, break out; to revolt, idiomatic phrase */!j jIj see above); (pl.
rebel, rise (Jp against); to rage, storm | jljj tvwwär) inBurgent, rebel, revolution-
«yU jU (tä'iruhü) to fly into a rage, be-
ary
come furious, flare up IV to agitate,
•J\j tifira pl. J\y tawä'ir* tumult; ex-
excite (• s.o., * s.th.); to stimulate (»
citement, agitation; fury, rage
s.o., * s.th.); to irritate (» s.o., * B.th.);
to arouse, stir up, kindle, excite (* s.th., jJL- mvtir exciting; provooative; stimu-
e.g., feelings), cause, provoke, awaken lative, irritative; excitant, irritant, stimu-

(* s.th.); to raise, pose, bring up (*JL_* lant; instigator; germ, agent; pl. ol_^i-

masaiatan a question, a problem) |

jtfl stimulants
*jj\j (tä'iratahü) to infuriate s.o., excite

s.o. X to excite, Btir up, kindle (* s.th., rjtjy töriyüm thorium {ehem.)

esp. passions); to rouse (* s.th.); to

Jji VII to swarm, orowd, throng ( J* around
arouse, awaken (* s.th., esp. feelings);
s.o.); to come over s.o.
(J#)
to elicit, evoke (* wails, outcries, j*
Jji taul and J*J1 6y f. an-nahl swarm
from s.o.) ; to incite, set ( J* * s.o. against) ]

of bees
, *r- jLil-l {qafabahü) to infuriate s.o.,

make s.o. angry

*y {um (coli.; n. un. •) garlio

jy taur pl. ölyj tträn bull, steer; ox;

tfji tawä % {*\y tawä*, j> tuwiy, j_^i. matwan)
Taurus (astron.) |
jjill JjJ *>jj* Sörabat
to stay, live (v at a place); to Bettle
dail aUt. oxtail soup
down (l-j at a place); pass.tuwtj/a to
*jy taura excitement, agitation; out- be buried IV to Btay, live; to lodge, put
break, outburst, fit (of fury, of despair, up as a guest (• s.o.)

etc.) ; eruption (of a volcano) ; (pl. -ät) up-

,jy tawty guestroom
heaval, uprising, insurrection, riot, rebel-
lion, revolt, revolution 3-UI Ijy (aMiya) iß tüwa pl. fjjj tuwan signpost, road-
|

war sign
internal strife, civil

jji. matwan pl. jli* matäwin abode,

^jy
(
tauri revolutionary (adj. and n.)
habitation, dwelling; place of rest
iSJjy taurawi revolutionary (adj. and
n.)
L-.U tayyib pl. ~dt a deflowered but un-
married woman, widow, divorcee
ö\jy tawarän agitation, excitation,

flare-up, eruption, outbreak, outburst; J^j iaiial pl. JILj tayätiP a variety of wild
dust whirl goat (Capra jaela)
 >iW

J-UU- jätaliq = jii*- •jU- jätoa Java

JrJr jVjV pl. '^-"t*- ja'äji** breast; prow, ifjU ;dwi Javanese; benzoin; (pl. -ün)

bow (of a ship) a Javanese

jlijU- jäwadär rye

jU- ja'ara a {ja'r, Jfc- fu'är) to low, moo;
to supplicate, pray fervently (Jl to God) ^jU läw*4 aergeant = ^jLt, ^ j -1
1

jU- and jVdr lowing, mooing

(of cattle)
ja'r jl$*-
1
r*- jvbb pl. t-»W'
» öjM6, uU jibäb -well,

ciatern; pit

l
jU- gäz pl. -Ö( (Eg. Bpelling) gaa
**-*. j'uAfro pl. ^-j-- juÄofc, yU jibäb, --jL*-
;aid't& 1 jubbah, a long outer garment,
^JU- jöx jazz
open in front, with wide sleeves
<JjjV (
Fr ?azon> Eg.
- spelling) gözön lawn
«j*- jaiA pl. «-I ajbuh, ^L*. jääA, j-L*-l

^iU pa'oso a (;'o7) to be agitated, be con- o;7ȊA beehive

vulsed (with pain or fright)
**>- jabjcäna, jabakäna powder magazine;
^iU- ja'i emotional agitation; heart, ammunition; artillery depot
bou] |
*iU- J*jj rabafa ja'Sahü to remain
calm, compoeed, self-posaeesed; ^iÜ-l Jolj r /a&ara u (jabr, jj^ jubür) to set (* broken

or i^U-l CjI* calm, compoeed, cool, self- bones); to restore, bring back to normal

possessed, undiamayed; iotj ^Ic with

(* s.th.); to help back on hiß feet, help

unswerving courage, unflinchingly 11p (* s.o.; e.g., one fallen into poverty);

to force, compel (J* • s.o. to do s.th.)

|

*=TU, öTU and o-TU jafcOa jacket, coat _^U j*- (Jfäfirahü) to oonsole, comfort,
gratify, oblige s.o.; to treat (s.o.) in a
öjJU- yaZön gallon
conciliatory or kindhy manner II to set
cf j*!W (Eg. spelling) galbrl gallery (fAeaf.) (* broken bones) III to treat with kind-
ness, with friendliness (* s.o.), be nice
j»U jom pl. -dt cup; drinking vessel; bowl
(* to s.o.) IV to force, compel (J* • b.o.

*a£.W jämakiya pl. -£(, ilJLIj»- jawämi& to do s.th.); to hold sway (Je over)
pay V to show o.b. proud, haughty; to act
streng, throw one's weight around; to
jÄm*« ,
tr^V pl- tri*'jr ?»t«Im^* buffalo show o.b. streng or powerful, demon-

*">*V jämüsa buffalo oow strate one's strength or power; to be set

(broken bones) |
iijL 41 1 j^f (bi-bnika)
^-r'V (pronounced iämreg, from Turk. ea-
God has demonstrated His power on
neriffi; coli.; n. un. £&n»rglyt) a variety
your son, i.e., He has takon him unto
of small green plum with saveral stones
Himself VII to be mended, repaired,
(«yr.)
restored

#U- jäh rank, standing, dignity, honor, glory, je- jabr setting (of broken bones) ; force,
fame compulsion ; coercion, duress ; power,
 Ofr

might; (predestined, inescapable) decree (J

-«r jibs gypsum; plaster of Paris
of fate; \j~- jabran forcibly, by force |
i-L*- jabbäaa gypsum quarry; plaster
j\i-\ 1* 'Um al-j. algebra ;
^^-Jl j^- *jj yaum kiln
j. al-bahr a local holiday of Cairo (the

day on wbich, in former times, the water *(j~jr J *** (coli.; n. un.»;«yr.) watermelon(s)
.> i
of the Nile was channeled into the now- 1
J-*-
jabala u i {jabl) to mold, form, ahape,
abandoned kalxj, or City Canal, thus mark-
fashion (* s.th.); to knead (* s.th.); to
ing the beginning of the irrigation season)
create {J* • s.o. with a natural dispoai osi-

tjj-*- jabri algebraic ; compulsory, tion or propensity for) ; pass. Je (jxtb\uTa)

J-*- I

forced; — jabari an adherent of the doc- to be born for, be naturaUy disposed

trine of predestination and the inescap- have a propeneity for

ability of fate; fatalist

iL*- jibla, jibiüa pl. -ät natural dia-

öj» jabariya an Iatamic school of position, nature, temper

thought teaching the inescapability of a
J-*-
jabal pl. JL*- jibäl, <JL*-l ajbäl mountain
fate; fatalism
mountains, mountain ränge |
«_J^I JU*-

jL*- jabbär pl. -ün, _rL»- jabäbir*, «yL»- j. aZ-oü> the Alpe; ^'jj^' <J*-r tne Aures
jabäbira giant ; colossus; tyrant, op- Mountains (in E Algeria); -ü*- J-*- ice-
pressor; almighty, omnipotent (God); berg; Lx- J-*- ;. rfnä Mount Sinai; J-*-
gigantic, giant, colossal, huge; Orion JjU» Gibraltar; jU voloano
J-*-
(aatron.) *jLi^\ jL*- j, al-kufwa striding
\

J-*-
jabali mountainous, hilly; moun-
powerfully, taking huge ßtrides
tain (adj.); montane; (pl. -an) highJander,
JjL*- jibära (art of) bonesetting mountain eer

•jwh jabira and *jL*- jibära pl. J\-~- tSj^r gabaläwi (eg.) highlander, moun-
jabä'ir* Splint (surg.) taineer

£->jjv~ jabarüt omnipotence ; power, «j *AT*- gabaläya pl. -ät {eg.) grotto, oave
might; tyranny
,>*- jabvna u (jvbn, «jL»- jabäna) to be a
»Lju~ jibriyä** pride, haughtineas coward, be fearful; to be too much of
O a coward (j* to do s.th.), shrink (j* from
j$4 tajblr, |»LL*II
j^jf orthopedics
s.th.) II to cause to curdle (* milk); to
jLß-\ ijbär compulsion, coercion
make into cheese (* s.th.); to curdle; to
(jjL^t ijbäri forced, forcible, com- aecuse of cowardice, call a coward {• s.o.)

pulsory, obligatory |
^jL^Vl -^r^' oona - V to curdle (milk), tum into cheese
pulsory recruitment; military conscrip-
,>*- jvbn and üL*- jabäna cowardice
tion
,>*- jvbn and <~*- jvbna cheese
j U- jäbir and jjt mujabbir bonesetter
jL*- jabän pl. »L-*- jvbanä' 1 coward;
jjjt majbür and jwf mujbar forced,
cowardly
compelled
jL*- jabbän cheese merchant
JJju;. jabra'iP, Jjj«- jifcnP Gabriel
^-*- jabin pl. Cr-*r j^bun, i-»-l ajbina,
1
1 ro*-
_
U to plaster, coat, patch, or fix with ,> r l a/bun forehead, brow; fac. ade, front;

plaster {* s.th.); to put in a cast, set in face I tirrT

-
0* mn
J^«** I alone; J*
*

plaster (* s.th.) IrJI ,>.». in the sky

 112

jatama u jutüm) to alight,

J^ jabini frontal J*- » (7'atoi, >»ji»-

sit, perch (bird); to crouch, cower; to

^»-l ajban* more cowardly
fall or lie prone, lie face down; to beset,
<>L*- jabbäTia pl. -ä£ cemetery oppreas (J* B.th.)

,>-jf ta/btn cheese making, processing <*i*- ;'a|ma (n. vic.) motionless sitting
into cheese or lying

1
4?r jabaha a to meet, face, confront (» b.o.) *b*- juiäm and f>V jätüm nightmare,
III to face, confront, oppose, defy (• b.o., incubus
a s.th.), show a bold front (* to); to face
ü |^»- jutmän pl . - öi body , mortal
(* a problem, a difficulty)
frame
ifo- jahha pl. »L*- 7*&äA, oL^ jabahät
Jl^ jutmän* bodily, physical, cor-
forehead, brow; front, face, facade; front-
poreal
line, battle front
jrU ;d/»m pl. JU juttam squatting,
<f\jt. mujäbaha facing, confront ation,
crouching; perching; prostrate, prone
Opposition
(jV) b*- /ald u (ju/äw) to kneel, reat on the
knees; to bend the knee, genufiect; to
fall on one's knees
^y- jaW » (*jL*- jftäya) to collect, raise,

levy (* tazes, duties) II to prostrate o.b. ji*- jutüw kneeling position

(in prayer) VIII to pick, choose, elect
•>>- j'W "** rock pile, mound ; sepulchral
(* s.th., • s.o.)
mound, tumulua
ÖL*- jibäya raising, levying (of taxes)
j£ maftan hassock
{pl. -ät) tax, duty, impost
^U- jätin kneeling; Jli-I Hercules
JL*. jibä'% tax- (in Compounds); fiscal
(astron.)

^ majban pl. <^lf Tnajäbin tax, impost

j& jahada a {jahd, *j* juhüd) to negate
i_*L- jäbin pl. «t*- jubäh tax collector, disavow, disown,
(* s.th.); to disclaim,
revenue officer, collector; (bus, etc.) con-
deny (* s.th.); to refuse, reject, repudiate
duotor (ir.)
renounce, forswear, adjure
(* s.th.); to

i_jU- jäbiya pl. vljr jutwloin pool, basin (* a belief); to deny (* • s.o. his right) |

<L/7 j& (jamilahü) to be ungrateful to s.o.

U*- j'aW (abbreviation of *$1 v=^) cosine
A&jahd denial; repudiation, disavowal,
(mo*A.)
rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rei.)
£* jatta u (jag) and VIII to tear out, uproot
evasion, dodging,
j_^ juhüd denial;
(* a tree, also fig.)
Bhirking (of a moral Obligation); ingrat-

*^r JvU& pl- <^r y*¥%* £*li»-l ajföj body itude; repudiation, disavowal, rejection,
corpse, cadaver; oarcass disclaimer; unbelief (rei.)

ii^f mujtatt uprooted (also fig.) -U-l»- jähid denier; infidel, unbeliever

Ji». ?o*J thick, dense (esp. haii) j* VII to hide in its hole or den (an i mal}

J-li»- ;'tjZt7 pl. üJLv jatäliqa catholioos, pri- j* juhr pl. jL*l ajhär, jj*_ juhür hole,

mate of the Armenian Church den, lair, burrow (of animals)

 113

J& jahi pl. ^l* jihä&y jLl*; jikSän, Bignificant, important; to take (j s.th.)

^L*;l ajJuii young donkey; (pl. ^j* serioualy; to ßtrive earneatly (j for), go
jvhüS) trestle, horee out of one's way (j to do s.th.), make
every effort (j in); to be Berious, be in
<tf jah&a young female donkey
earnest (j about), mean busineas; to
.U* jahaza a (i»>* jvhüx) to bulge, pro- hurry (j one's step) II to renew (* s.th.);
trude (eyeball) to make anew, remake (a s.th.) ; to
modernize (* s.th.); to restore, renovate,
0**11 J»j* juAü? ol-'atn exophthalmio
remodel, refit, recondition, refurbish (*
goiter, abnormal Protrusion of the eye-
s.th.); to be an innova for, a reforraer;
ball
to feature s.th. new or novel, produce

<_j£f jdhafa a {jdh}) to peel off, scrape off s.th. new ; to rejuvenate, regenerate,
(* s.th.); to sweep away (» s.th.); to have revive, freshen up (* s.th.); to renew,
a bias (« for), aide (** with s.o.) IV to eztend (* a per mit) ; to begin anew, repeat
härm, hurt, injure, prejudice (v s -°-> (a s.th.), make a new start (* in s.th.); to
s.th.); to ruin, destroy (o* s.o., s.th.); try again (*ii*- hazzahü one's luck) IV to
to wrong (i_> 6.0.) strive, endeavor, take pains; to apply

J»l*H ijhäf injustice, wrong; bias, prej- o.s. eamestly and assiduously (j to),
be bent, be intent (j on s.th.); to hurry
udioe
(j one's step); to renew, make new (*
mujhif unjust, unfair; biased,
s.th.) V to become new, be renewed; to
prejudiced
revive X to be new, be added or enter as

Ji* jahfal pl. Jil*; jahäfil

2
multitude, le- a new factor, come newly into existence;

gion, host, large army; army corps to make new, renew (* s.th.)

{Syr.); eminent man -U- jadd pl. jj-U- judüd good luck, good
fortune
~& jahim f. (also m.) fire, hellfire, hell
.u- jidd seriousness, earnestness; dil-
l
c^fr JoAS»**
.
hellish, infernal
igence, assiduity, eagerness; l-u- jiddan

«- jakka (eg.) to lord it, give o.s. airs; to

very, much |
Jj£ and -U- j- earneatly,
aeriously; Ji*l> .u- jiddu bäkizin very high
boast, brag; (syr.) to dress up (alightly
(price); *ii* .u- j. 'azimin very great;
ironical)
Ji-^-Vl a*. üy&* {jidda l-iktiläf) they
j-l*' jakkäk boaster, braggart
differ widely; J -iA-1 Jl— Jp i_Üj {»ägi
l-j.) to apply o.s. with diligence to, take
i-u- j'add pl. jj-u- judüd, ilojfl ojdöd grand-
father; ancestor, forefather Ji-I
pains in, make every effort to
|
J*Vl
(alä) ancestor <_; J_»- jiddi serious ; earnest ; Lj J_»-
jiddiyan in earnest, eamestly, seriously
3.U- jadda pl. -ät grandmother
ö-U- jiddiya earnestness; seriousness,
2
.u- ja^Wa » to be new ; to be a recent devel-
gravity (of a Situation)
opment, have happened lately, have
•-U- jidda newness, recency, novelty;
recently become a fact; to be added, crop
up or enter aa a new factor {circum-
modemness, modernity; O rebirth, ren-
aissance
stanoes, costs); to appear for the first

time (also, e.g., on the stage); to be or *.u- judda 2 Jidda (seaport in W Saudi
become serious, grave; to be weighty, Arabia, on Red Sea)
 -ü.u- jadid pl. j.u- judud, judad new, L^ojt mujdib barren, sterile; desolate,
reoent; renewed; modern; novel, uh- arid; unproductive, unprofitable
precedented |
uU_Ji-l al-jadldän day and
i.u- jadaf pl. Ü.u-1 ajddf grave, tomb
night; .b.u- ja anew, again; («ff.)
Jj>.u-

gj podüi lanff brand-new .u-u- judjuJ 0--I.U.

pl. jadäjid* cricket
4*;-l ajadd* more serioua, more intent; (100L)

newer, more recent

b^r /odura u («jU»- jaddra) to be fit, suit-
AiOjC to)dki renewal (also, e.g., of a able, proper, appropriate (^ for s.o., for
permit); creation of s.th. new, origina- s.th.);to befit, behoove (i~> s.o., s.th.); to
tion; new preeentation, new production be worthy (^ of), deserve (^» s.th.) |

(theat.); innovation; reOrganization, re- •_^*j j4*: (gikruhü) and j5"xJIj jAf it is
form modernization renovation, restora-
; ; worth mentioning
tion, remodeling, refitting, recondition-
jX»- yodr wall
ing, refurbisbing ; rejuvenation, regenera-

tion ; pl. -dt innovationa ; new aohievementa _r<u- jodlr pl. -an, »IjX»- jvdartf*
worthy, deserving (y of s.th.) ; becoming,
iJjf tajaddvd renewal, regeneration,
befitting {<_> s.th.); proper, suited, suit-
revival
able, fit (v for), appropriate to)
(v |
./X«-
jL- jädd in earaest, earnest; aerioua jTüJLj (tf»£r) worth mentioning
(as opposed to comic, funny)
jX»-l ojior1 worthier; more appro-
oU- jädda pl. -<K, itj«- jautädd* main priate; better suited, more suitable
street; street
Jjla*- jadära worthiness; fitness, suit-
jjJitf majdüd fortunate, luoky abüity, aptitude, qualification ; appro-
jajt mu jaddid renewer; innovator; re- priateness

former jix». jidär pl. jX>- jtufur, uljX*. judrän

idjc mujaddad renewed, extended; wall
re-
modeled, reoonditioned, renovated, re- ^j1<u- ;üid>f mural, wall (ad].)
stored; rejuvenated, regenerated; new,
%
reoent, young
jj*. judira (paas.) and II to have smallpoz

4<t mujidd painstaking, diligent, as- iSj-^r jvdarl, jadari smaüpox

siduous jjJdt majdür and jOjt mujaddar in-

>*'-» mxistajidd new, recent; incipient fected witb smallpox; pock-marked

«jJjf mujaddara dish mada of rice or

w>o>- jaduba u (*>jJ*- judüfo) to be or
(in Syr.) of bulgur with lentils, onions
become dry, arid (soil) IV to Buffer from
and oil (eg. t syr.)
drought, poverty or dearth; to be barren,
t
sterile; to oome to nothing, go up in x
£0*. ?ada'o a (jad ) to cut off, amputate
amoke, fall fiat, fizzle out; (ayr.) to (* B.th., esp. some part of the body)
explode in the barrel (Bhell; mtl.)
«Jü^l fX* bi-jad'i l-anf (prop., at the
w><u- jodb drought, barrenness,sterility; cost of having the nose cut off) at any
sterile, barren price, regardlesa of the sacrifice involved

L-j-u- jadib and v^r' ajdab*, f. »L.u- £X»-I ajda'* mutilated (by having the
jadbä'* barren, sterile nose, or the like, cut off)
 ;

8
D £*»- gada' (= f-Ju- jada') pl. üU-u- Jjlf mujädil disputant, Opponent in
gid'än (eg.) young man, young fellow; he- dispute
man
*(Jj-U- jadwal pl. Jjl-U- jadäwiP creek, brook,
1
Jio»- II to curse, blaspheme (J* s.o., esp. little stream; column; list, roster; index;

God) chart, table, schedule |

^j* Jj-V (d*rd*

*») curriculum; ***j_>Jl Jj^*- stock list,

JujJ- tajdxj imprecation, blasphemy
l^jjJl Jj<U- p jU- (£äri;a) not quoted
oO». jadafa i and II to row (* a boat) (stock ezchange); Jl>^/I Jj«u- agenda;
working plan
J»ljjt mijdäf pl. «Ju^Lf majädif1 oar
(jJ*-) io*- jadfi u to give a present (J* to
M-U- jadala u i [jadl) to twisttight,tighten,
s.o.) IV to give as a present (^ J* s.o.
stretoh (* a rope); to braid, plait (* s.th.,
s.th.), present (^
J* s.o. with); to be of
the hair, etc.) II to braid, plait, {* s.th.)
use, be useful, profitable |
L»iJ j.u-1
III to quarrel, wrangle, bicker {* with
(nafan) to be useful; iilj-üf V l.u that
s.o.); to argue, debate (• with s.o.); to
won't help you, that will be of no use
dispute, contest (j s.th.) VI to quarrel,
(to you); U* <Lke j-i* U do.; ^Ui ja* V
have an argument; to carry on a dispute
(/aiiJan) = ^Ui ^yjo ^/ , see J*j X to beg
J.U- jadal quarrel, argument; debate, for alms; to implore, beg (* • s.o. for
dispute, discussion, controversy | ^j» s.th.), plead {* for s.th.)

1/-U- farada jadalan to asBume for the

•Lu- jadä* advantage, gain (j* for s.o.)
sake of argument, propow as a basis for
discussion iSj**r jadwä gift, present; advantage,
benefit, gain | jj-u- ^ (bi-lä) and j-*
J*
J.U- jadall cöntroversial; disputatious;
jji*- (§airi) of no avail, useless, futile, in
a disputant
vain

JLu- jaddäl and Jlo* mijdäl disputa- ji*-l a/<&5 more useful, more advanta-
tious, argumentative; mijdäl see also
geous
below
i;.u- jody pl. »I.U- ;tt£ä', jUu- jidyän kid,
ilj-i*- jadUa pl. JjI-i?- jadä'iP braid,
young billy goat ; Caprioorn (twtron.)
plait; tresa
jxU the North Star
Jljjt mijdäl pl. Jjjlf majädiP flag-
i*- jadda u {jadd) to cut off, clip (* s.th.)
stone, ashlar; see also above under
jaddäl •jll>- judäda pl. -ät slip of paper; pl.

JI.U- jtdöi and iblf mujädala pl. -Öf

i^ljl-u- small pieces, shreds, scraps, clip-

quarrel, argument; disputo, discussion, pings

debate JI-U-l JJu >/ (j/a^öaJu) incontest-

|
i_ji*- jadaba i (jadb) to pull, draw (* s.th.);
able, indiBputable; JI.U- ^/ Zä ;ü2äfa and
to attract (* s.th.); to pull out, draw out,
JI.U- ^b 6»-&x j. incontestably, indispu-
whip out (* s.th.), draw (* a weapon, or
tably
the like); to appeal, prove attractive
Jj4jt majdül tightly twisted; braided, ( to s.o.), attract, captivate, charm,
plaited; interwoven, intertwined (tress allure ( s.o.), win (» s.o.) over (<Jl to
of hair); slender and trim, shapely (e.g., one's side) III to contend (• with s.o.) at
leg) pulling, tugging, etc. (* s.th.) |
JJ-I *jjl*-
 ;

(habla) to vie with s.o.; (to be able) to maniac, lunatic, madman, idiot |

compete with s.o., measure up to s.o., <--jil*M mustaifä l-m. mental hospital
be a match for s.o.; j»t3*SJI -o iL*- or <iJU-
<~öl»«2* mutajädib mutually attractive;
lij-U- or ^i-jjJ-l J»ljirl 4jiU- (afräfa l-h.)
belonging together, inseparable
he engaged him in oonveraation, involved
him in a discussion; *jU*J-l J*\J*\ <jiU- V^-» munjadib attracted ; inclined,

(afrdfa l-hadära) to vie with s.o. in cul- tending (Jl to)

ture VI to pull baok and forth (• s.o.); to

jij- jadara u (jadr) to uproot, tearout by the
contend (», * for); to attract each other j
roots (* s.th.) II do.; to extract the root
kljoi-S J»lji»l |_>ji1j£ (afräfa l-h.) they were
(* of a number; math.); to take root
deep in oonveraation, they were talking
together VII to be attracted ; to be jJu- jidr t jadr pl. jj-U- judür root (also
drawn, gravitate (Jl toward, to) VIII to math.); stem, base, lower end; (pl. jtJu-l

attract (• s.o., * s.th., *Jl to o.a.; also aj4är) stub (of a receipt book, or the
magn.); to allure, entice {* s.o.); to win like) | j^j
f
j-i-r (iarbi'i) squaro root
(• s.o.) over (*Jl to one's side); to draw, (math.)

inhale (* puffs from a cigarette, etc.)

jjij^- jidri radical, root (adj.)

<^Ju- jadb attraction ; gravitation jJjf tajdlr evolution, root extraction

appeal, Iure, enticement, captivation | (math.)
IJu- i^l to wrest away, take away by
force; iS M r\ v^-' O***») b61 appeal
£-U- jada' pl. jUJ»- jvd'än young man, young
fellow (cf. Q f--U- gada'); new, incipient |

L_jto*- jaddäb attractive ; magnetic (fig.) coü (karbu, jada'atan) the war
ieJU- ^j^. I

suction, suotorial; winning, fetching, en- broke out again, started all over again;
gaging; charming, entioing, oaptivating, L»X*- j*>j\ jUl (Z-a77im) he reopened the
gripping whole affair, he roverted to the earlier
ajdab* more attractive, more Status
«-»V
captivating f-JU- jid' pl. f'-U-l ajgd', f\ji*r judü*
stem, trunk; stump, tree stump; torso
«ylo«:! injidäb attraction, inolination,
proneness, tendency ^Ju- jid'i truncal

v'-k*-' ijtidäb attraction; entioement, «J»J>- II to row (* a boat)

Iure
ijlif m\j4df pl. *-J"Jljf majädip
i-jjU- jätfib attractive; magnetic (fig.); oar
winning, fetohing, engaging; charming,
enticing, captivating, gripping JJU- ;o<£t2a a (jadal) to be happy, gay,
ezuberant, rejoice IV to make happy,
LjjU- jä4ibiya gravitation; attraction;
gladden, oheer (• s.o.)
attractiveness; charm, fascination; mag-
netism (fig.); Iure, enticement | O V.^W-
J.U- jidl pl. JlJ*-l a/jiäJ, JjV ;u^ül

gravitational force; i-öU-

stump (of a tree)
Jiill ;'. at-tiql

4--.iL.--;. {magnati&iya) magnetism; ^jiU- JjJU- judail wooden post on which

UJX I j. al-jina sex appeal cameis rub themselves

L_jji* majüüb attracted; possessed, JJu- ^al gaiety, hilarity, exuberance,

maniacal, insane; (pl. i_o jljf majätfib*) happiness

 jarr pull{ing), drawing, draft; trac-
J.U- ja4ü pl. o^V jv4län gay, hilar- ,»-

ious, cheerful, in high spirita, exuberant, tion; drag(ging), tugging, towage, haul-
ing; bringing on, causing; genitive
happy |

jl\ Jjj*. harf al~j. {gram.) preposition;

ü^i*- jadlän* gay, hilarious, oheerful,
I jj. Uj wa-kalumma jarran and so forth
in high spirits, exuberant, happy
• ,»- jarra pl. jl^*- jirär (earthenwaie)
(.i*. jadama t (;a£m) to cut off, chop off
jar
(* B.th., esp. a part of the body); to
»j»- jarra, jurra trail, track; rut (left
remove, take out, exciae {> e.g., the
by a wagon) i» *j* bi-j. qalam with
tonsüs, the appendix ; surg.) ;
paaa. |

one stroke of the pen

judima to be afflicted with leprosy
jußüm, ajiäm »j*. jirra cud (of a ruminant)
j-JU- jidm pl. fji*- flA»-'

root ,£,»- j- min jarrä because of | i^j*r Cr

(IJb- judäm leprosy because of you, on your account, for

your sake
<*I-L- judäma stubble
,1^»- j* min jarrä'i because of, due to |

fJu-l ajdam 3 pl. t/V 7'admö mutilated

b\ *\j~- j- because
{from having an arm, a hand, etc., cut

off); leproua; leper j\ j. jarrär huge, tremendous (army);

potter; (pl. -ät) tractor; tugboat, steam
AjXt- majdüm leprous; leper
tug, towing launch

jj*Ö*- judmür stump jawärir*

jjjU järür pl. jJsr (syr.)

ja^wa, jidwa, ju4wa pl. ^V ?»^an ' drawer (of a desk, eto.)
*jV
judan, *\J*- jidä' firebrand; burning log rake (tool)
ljjj\r järüra [leb.)

u to draw, pull (* s.th.); to joriPir* guilt;

j- jarra (jarr) •JSr faira pl- J^sr
drag, tug, haul (* s.th.); to tow (* s.th.); offense, outrage, crime | *jst ü* m * rt

to trail (a s.th.); to drag along {. s.o., jarlrati because of, on account of

* s.th.); to draw (J* * s.th. on s.o.),
•jl/r jam™ P1 - -** ft variety of BCOr '
bring (* s.th.) down (J*
upon s.o.); to
pion; tractor
lead (Jl to), bring on, cauBe (Jl s.th.); to
yt mijarr trace, tug (of a harness)
entaü {* e.g., J* for s.o.);some evil,

(gram.) to pronounce the final consonant ij£- majarra galaxy

with t, put (a word) into the genitive |
Ljlyil ingiräriya (eg.) towage chargea
~*j j*- j*- (jartratan) to commit an outrage,
for watercraft
a crime (J* against s.o.); \ijJ jr {q*yv*

jjjf. majrür
drawn, dragged, towed,
dan) to be in shackles, go shackled;
i^ß Jl jUl jr (qvrßihi) to secure advan- etc.; word governed by a preposition,
tagea for o.s., feather one's nest; ^ ^ word in the genitive form; (pl. _rj^
Bew-
<j£> *JLJ (lisänahü bi-kalima) he won't magärir*) drain, sewer {eg.); j^M
let a word escape his lips IV to ruminate eis, sewage System (eg.)

Vll passive of I to be driven ; ; to be swept mujtarr ruminant (adj. and n.)

Jje.
along, drift, float |
»Ijjll Jl >?l (warä'i)
u (:t/r jur'a, S»1^ jarä'a) to dare,
to withdraw, fall back, give way VIII to j^»- jaru'a

ruminate *-VT J^-\ (älämahü) to mull venture, risk, hazard (Jp s.th.), take the
j

over one's grief risk (J* of, jl of doing s.th.), have the
 118

courage (Jp for B.th.) II to encourage practice; proof sheet, galley proof, also

(J* • a.o. to s.th.) V to dare, venture, V-i** ~**j£- (matba'iya)

risk,hazard (J* B.th.) VIII to be venture-
<~ij£- tajrib trial, test(ing); trial, trib-
some, be daring; to become bold, make
ulation; temptation
bold (J# with s.o.); to venture
(Jp s.tb.
isijf tajribi trial, test (adj.); ex-
or upon s.th.), have the audacity
(J* to
perimental ; based on experience, am-
do B.th.)
pirical | ^^1 ^^iJl
^ film, an-nafs)
*iSj*r Jar ? pl- •k>r' ajriycT 1 bold, experi mental psychology
courageous (<_*,
J* in B.th.); forward,
immodest, insolent; daring, reckless, fool-
O +&.jf- tajrVnya empiricism (phüos.)

bardy <~ij* mujarrib experimental ; tester;

examiner; tempter
•T>r jw'a and •»!>- jarä'a courage,
boldness, daring; forwardness, insolence
i^t^t mujarrab tried, tested; proven or
establisbed by experience, time- tested,
jjif mujtari' bold, forward
time-tried; experienced, practiced, Bea-

^l^rt- (Fr.) garäi pl. -äX garage (eg.)

sonod; man of experience

räm gram {eg.) '<-?jjr look up alphabetically

f Lrt- 9

granü granite (eg.)

•*i>r jarba4a = ijj*-
^-ü^j*r

jj*r jvrbuz pl. •j\J»r jaräbiza impoetor,

JJl_/»- graniti granitic (eg.)
confidence man, swindler

'«-VT j&riba o (jarab) to be mangy; (eg.) to

*jj*r j&rbaza (also »Jjj*-) deception,
fade (color) II to test (> s.th.); to try, try
s windle
out, eBsay (» s.th.); to sample (* s.th.);

to rebearse, practica (* s.th.) ; to attempt £>-« iarbü' (^ tx-0 pl c^j* iaräbv%

(* B.th.); to put to the test, try, tempt jerboa (zool.)

( s.o.) j |
4-ijv>!" *° ty one'fl hand at; *jXjj*- jarabandlya (and *jXj\j»-) knapsack,
fUVI v>r (ayyöma) to gather experience
ruckaack
V>r jarab mange ; itch, Scabies
{Sj-r J*rjwn, <*>^-r jwiüma pl. »jIj-»-
*->jr j&rib mangy; acabby jaröHm* root ; origin ; germ ; microbe,
bacillus, bacterium ryjL C~£
V>r' ajrab*! f. »l(>»- jarbä'*, pl.
^^ inframicrobe
|
I tahi al-j.

jurfc and oO/»- j'ar&dn 1 mangy; scabby

v'>r jiräb pl. *j_^-I a;r»&a, o^». jurub ^j*- look up alphabetically
sack, bag, traveling bag; knapsack;
Srj? jarjara (•>->»- jarjara) to gargle; to
Bcrotum; covering, case; sheath, scab-
jerk or pull baok and forth; to trail, drag
bard (for the sword)
(* s.th.); totowaway (* s.th.) |*IL»> j»j»-

vlrt" JUfäb pl. -ät stocking, sock (JpufäAu) to drag one's feet, shuffle along
II tajarjara pasa. and refl. of I
*_-i>r 7 or** a patch of arable land
•j*-jr farjw gargling; rumbling noise;
**.£ t&jriba pl. vJ ij
? tajärib^ trial, test;
rumble, clatter (of a wagon)
tryout; attempt; practica, rehearsal;
scientific test, experiment; probation; >r>r jirjir (large, thick) beans
trial, tribulation; temptation; experience, - jirjlr watercreafl (eg., syr.)
rj*r jaraha <*
(Jar $) to wound (» s.o.); to against s.o.) ; to send, dispatch { * a
injure, hurt (* s.o.; alao fig., the feeUnga) military detachment, troops, -L> or Ja
II to invalidste (* testimony), challenge, agatnst s.o.); to free (<> * or » b.o. or
declare unreliable (* a witness), take s.th. from) ; to isolate {* s.th.) ; to abatract
formal exception (*, * to) VIII to commit (* s.th.); to divest (j- • s.o. of hia citizen-
(* an outrage, a crime) |
oL-Jl r-j^i ship, of a rank, of a vested right, etc.) |

(sayyi'üt) to do evil things t-^LJI ja o^*- to diaarm s.o. ; j* *—*j ij*-

to free o.s. from, rid o.s. of, give up a.th.
r/r fwfy pl« r}/r j* rfy* r_j/r JwüA,
V pass. of II; to strip o.s., rid o.s., get
d\*-jj*z- jurühät, t^j*-\ ajräh wound, in-
rid (j* or je. of ), free o.a. (j* or y. from)
jury, lesion
to be free (j* or jt. from, J for a task);
r}/r jarräh pl. -ün surgeon | t^jT to devote o.s. exclusively (J to s.th.); to
uL-«^l dental surgeon give up, renounce (ja or jp a.th.); to
isolate o.b. ; to be absolute
**"l/r jiföha Burgery

^' */r ? af<* bare, threadbare, shabby,

t^l/r ?* r surgical | v-L*- *Jü*
worn; (com.) inventory; atocktaking
('amallya) surgical Operation

ij*- jarid without Vegetation, barren,

£j*- jarih pl.
^f/r jarhä wounded,
bleak, Btark (landscape)
injured, hurt
*Jßr ajrad1 , f. »la^*- jardit*, pl. i^»-
\

£j* tajrih surgery; defamation, dis-

jurd desolate, bleak, without Vegetation;
paragement
hairless, bald; threadbare, shabby, worn
»jU järih injuring; wounding, sting- (garment); open, unprotected (border)
ing, painful, hurting; rapacious (beaat),
i\j»- jaräd (ooll.; n. un. I) locust(s)
predatory |

Jl*-j il^»- (rahh&l) migratory locust(s);

4^-jU- järiha pl. r-j[>*- jawärih* pred- jl^
^**Jl ;'. al-bahr langouste, sea oray-
atory animal or bird |
j*LII rjj*- j. fish; UjIj*: bi-jarädihä in its entirety
af-fair predatory birds
Juj*- jarid palm branches Btripped of
1
rJ>yr jawärih limbs, extremitiee (of their leaves; jereed, a blunt javelin used
the body) **-j\yr JC with might and
|
in equestrian games
main, with all hia Btrength
••bj>r jarida pl. JJl^*- jarffid* (n. un.
rjj* majrüh pl.
fcM- majärih* of palm-leaf Btalk; list, register,
J>ij*r)
wounded, injured, hurt roster, index newspaper
; | S-_.jd ~*Hj*r
{yaumiya) daily newspaper; #1—11 JjI_ht
Sj*- jarada u (jard) to peel, paxe (* s.th.); to
;'. al-masä' the evening papera; ä-b^L-l
remove the shell, peel, rind or husk (*
of a.th.); to denude, divest, strip, bare
ÜUI and i-JLjxJl «-b^-l tho newareel

{* s.th.); {com.) to take stock; to make ti^jyr' ajrvdi (*yr.) beardless, hairless
an inventory (aJL»J! of goods on hand)
ijf mijrad pl. ijljf majärid2 scraper
II to peel, pare (* s.th.); to remove the
shell, peel, rind or husk (* of s.th.); to Juyf tajrid peeüng, paring ; dia-

denude, divest, strip, diapossess, deprive robement, Stripping; denudation; depri-

(j* ior i s.o. or s.th. of); to withhold vation ; divestment ; disarmament ; dis-

{j* * from s.o. s.th.); to draw, unsheathe patching (of troops); freeing; isolation;
(»Jt-Jl the sword); to unleash (J* * s.th. abstraction |
j-^LJI j» JL/f disarmament
3 120
J*

*Jjjj£ tajrida pl. -äi, .bjljf tajänd* ^^ jaritfa a (joro^): ^iy ^j-^ (6i-

military detachment, expeditionary force ri^tAi) he choked on bis saliva, could not

awallow hiß saliva (beoause of excitement,

ijjf tajarrud froedom («> or je
alarm, or grief), he was very upset,
from); isolatedness, Isolation; independ-
in a State of great agitation, deeply
ence, impartiality; abaoluteneaa; ab-
stractness, abstraction
moved; — jarada u (jard) to choke,
suffocate {. s.o.) IV *üj. 4-^1 (cf. I)

*j£- mujarrad denuded, bare, naked; to alarm s.o., fill s.o. with apprehension
freed, free (j* or je from); pure, mere,
^iij»- jaridi ^itjft Ojj ,>i>l JU-
nothing more than; sole; very, absolute;
häla l-j. düna l-qari4 (proverb; lit.:
abstract; selfless, disinterested; Ist stem
choking prevented poetry, i.e.) in the
of the verb [gram.) |
(with foll, noun in
face of death one does not think of
genitivo — mere, sheer, nothing but:)
rhyming {among other interpretations)
ji jj.it mujarradu lahwin mere play, just
fun; *ij£\ i>*^k w i tn the naked eye;
fyr jara
'
a a (iar
') ftQ d jari'a a (jara
f
) to
l* ^jj^-c bi-mujarradi mä as soon as, at swallow, gulp, devour (* s.th.); to pour
the very moment when down, toss down (* a drink) II to make
3 (• s.o.) swallow (* s.th.); to gulp down
lI^St jardal pl. 6^j*r jarädil bücket, pail
V to drink {* s.th.) VIII to swallow, gulp

*sr jurad pl- >J'J>r jir^än, jurdän large down {* s.th.)

rat
**>r rjr '°i 7<" 'o pl« fjT Jura \ •& gulp.
,

jjij*- j&iaun pl. jöl>r jaräjliP large mouthful, draught; potion, dose (med.)
rat
Jij*- jarafa u {jarf) and VIII to sweep away
1
(J
-J*- jaraaa i (jare) to ring, toll, knell, (* s.th.); to wash away (* s.th.); to
(re)sound II to make experienced, inure shovel away (* s.th.); to remove (* s.th.);
by severe trials, Borely try (• s.o.; time, to tear away, carry off (* s.th.); to carry
events) ; to compromise, disgrace, dis- along (* or • s.o. or s.th.) VII to be swept
credit, expoae, bring into disrepute (w away, be carried away
s.o.)
J»j*- jurf, juruf pl. J»jj*? jurüf, J»lj*-I
^j*r J ars > Prs sound, tone underout bank or shore;
ajräf cliff,

steep slope, precipice; bluff {along ariver

^j^ jaras pl. ,_--lj*-l ajräs bell
or coast) |
^*^1*- *J>r (jalldi) avalanche
i-^*- jursa defamation, public expo-
sure ; scandal, disgrace Ülj*- jarräfa pl. -ät, ^Juj'j*- jaräiif2

rake; harrow
'öL'j*- jiraäya, vvr jiraiya pl. -dt Jersey,

woolen sweater; ^-^r Jersey cloth J»j^f majraf pl. J»jtf majärif* torrent,
strong current
^j*. jaraSa u (jarS) to crush (* s.th.); to
*>j£- mijrafa shovel, scoop; (*yr.) mat-
grate, bruise, grind (* s.th.)
tock; trowel
<Art- Jar& ft grating, scraping noise
J»i>f mijräf pl. »Jujlf majärlp shovel,
cri-/t" 7 ar ** crushed, bruised, coarsely scoop
ground; crushed grain; grits
J»jU- jdrif torrential (stream, moun-
ÜjjU- jSrüki pl. ^jlj»- jawäriS* tain creek); stormy, violent (emotions,
quem, hand mill (for grinding grain) passions)
 ;;

121 tfj*

^ri^i-l al-jarkas the Circassians üU^-1 al-jarmän the Gennanic tribea, the

Teutons
tS
S^r jarkasi pl. i-S"l_^- jaräkisa Cir-

cassian (adj. and n.) ijlv*r jarmäni Germanic, Teutonio

{ST jo-rama i (jarm) to bone ( JH al-lahma 1<

Jj*T
?'
t* rn Pl- ^-Hr' a?™n (stone) basin;

the meat); — to commit an offense, a mortar; {eg.) threshing floor, barn |

crime, an outrage (Jp or Jl againat a.o.), 4jJj-jJ.I üj*- j. al-ma'müdiya baptiamal

sin (Jpor Jl against s.o.), injure, härm, fönt

wrong (Je or Jl s.o.) II to incriminate,

2
ü\j»r jirän the front part of a camel's neck |

Charge with a crime (» s.o.; ayr.) IV to

<>\jj£ 'Sj* ^° become established, take
commit a crime, to sin (Jp or Ji against
root o lj*- «-U JJI (oiffÖ, jtränaA«) to apply
;

s.o.), do wrong (Je or Jl to s.o.), härm»

o.a. to s.th. and adjust to it, aecustom
wrong (Jp or J! s.o.) VIII = IV
o.s. to s.th.
aj*- garm pl. ^jj? gurüm {eg.) long,
JIj'j*- iurnäl (eg. also gurnäl) pl. J-jlj*- itorä"
flat-bottomed bärge, lighter (naitt.)
nil 7 [eg., garäml2 ) Journal, newspaper,
(»j»- jirm pl. j»lj*-l ajräm, j»j*- jurum periodical
body; mass, bulk, rolume (of a body) |

<Slei\ (falalnya) the celestial £~u\j>r granlt granite

c[^-Vl
bodies jj lj*- graniti granitic

>_^- j'urm pl. |»I_htI °? föm, |»j_^**- jurüm

j_^- jarw (jirw, jurw) pl. _^-l a/rin, »1^»- j'irä',
offense, crime, sin
*'j*r' a 7™** *i_rt"'
ajriya puppy, whelp,

f^ V Ja jarama surely, certainly, of cub (of a dog or beast of prey)

course
**JjT Wtea gross (= 12 dozen)
fj*- jarim hulking, bulky, huge, vo-
luminoua, of great size fjjt^ jarä i (jary) to flow, stream (water) to ;

run; to huny, ruah; to blow (wind); to

/orima pl* jarä'im 3 crime;
*f.j*r f Lnr take place, come to pass, happen, oeeur
offense; sin |
(^^Ji* or) ^^rS" «._*- (fcufirö,
to be under way, be in progresa, be going
'uzmä) capital offense; fljJ-1 üjj\j penal
on (work); to befall (J s.o.), happen (J
code
to); to be in circulation, circulate, bo
|"Lht' *7™m crime; eulpability, delin- current; to wend one's way (Jl to),

quency head to proeeed (J* in aecord-

(Jl for);

ijrämi criminal ance with); to follow (*. s.th.), yield,

ij\ J»r \

give way {,** to, e.g., to a desire);to

?jj£ X- lahm majrüm fillet (meat)
entail (^ s.th.); (with »Ijj) to run or

i.jjf '<*» Sana mujarrama an entire be after s.th., seek to get s.th. |
*J ^j*.

year „ ^a*». he had a talk with; *\jjt ,jj*-

(majrähu) to take the same course as,

(•jjf
mujrim criminal; (pl. -ün) a crim-
be analogous to, follow same way as,
the
inal; evildoer, eulprit, delinquent | >jj*
proeeed or act in the same manner as;
jJU reeidivous criminal
f-dl t*>? »^1 *••• iSj»r (minhu ä-$ai'u

}* j*~
] joramxz* and jarämlz 3 limbs, majrä d-dam) it had become second
legs | *'j^\j*r *> (damma) he beat it, he natuie to him; j— l*i'l Je ijj*r (alaun)

made off to circulate, make the rounds (rumor)

JJ* 122

üU JT Jp ^jt to be on everyone's äjJj*- jir&ya pl. -<K daily (food) ra-

Ups; <Ji Je (£,»- (galamtAi) to come to tions; pay, aalary |
öt^»- Jb* 'U giräya
8.o/s pen (o.g., a poem); <U^ J* ^_^- (eg.) coarse bread
(&«#a) to follow a plan; J*JI <ic ^jt L
öljj*- jarayän flow, fluz; course; stream
famolu) the way things are handled,
iSj* majran pl. j\jt majärin water-
what is oustomary practice ; J**JI o t
(jj*-
course, stream, rivulet, gully; torrent or
to be in foroe, be valid, be oommonly
flood of water; pipeline; canal, ohannel;
observed (law, custom); ^ : *WI &jr drain, sewer, pl. sewers, Bewag© System;
to be customary, be common practice«
power line (et.); ourrent (ei.); current (of
be a common phenomenon, bave gained
a stream); guido rail (lechn.); course (of
vogue; J* öUL
^j*. to do s.th. custom-
events), progress, passage |
JjJl &jZ- m.
arily, be in the babit of doing s.th.;

^r-sl* diJd £>j*- that was their habit

l-batd Urethra (anat.);
_
( ri^JI &{£ m. t~

tanaffvs respiratory traot (anat.); ^jt

II to cause to run öjj tf^
| (rigoAü) to
*\ji\ m. l-hawä* air stream, current of
make s.o.'s mouth water III to concur,
air, draft; *\jA X>-\ to take its oourse;
agree, be in agreement (• with s.o., j Bee also ^j*. I and IV
in s.th.); to keep paoe, keep up (. with
s.o.; also intelleotually); to be able to oL^L mäjarayät, mäjariy&t (pl. of
follow (. s.o.); to go (along) (* with); to M (course of) events, happenings
iSj*r

adapt o.s., adjust, conform (* to), be •\j\jL mujäräh keeping up (with foll.

guided (* by) IV to cause to flow, make genitive : with) ; conformity (with foll.

flow (* s.th.); to oanse to run, set lunning genitive: with) J »ljl£ mujärätan li
j

(*, • s.o., s.th.); to make (* s.th.) take in conformity with, in acoordance with,
place or happen, bring about (a s.th.); aooording to
to oarry out, exeoute, enforce, put into
•!j»-l ijra* pl. -ät Performance (of an
effect, apply (* s.th., e.g., rulea, regu-
action) ; exeoution ; enforcement ; pl.
lations); to oarry out, perform (* an
measures, Steps, proceedings J
c»Uj»-l Jj£\
action); to set going, set in motion (* a
(itta$a4a) to take measures; SJ^iliC'Ulj»-!
projeot), launch (* an undertaking) ; to
(qänünxya) legal steps, proceedings at law
Channel (J» or J * s.th. to), bestow,
jU- järin flowing, Streaming, running;
settle
(J* or J * s.th. upon s.o.); to
impose, infliot (J» » fl.th., a penalty, on ciroulating; current, present | tfjU-1 _^iJI

s.o.) 4tj£ (j-j».! (tajribatan) to carry

|
(Sahr) the ourrent month
out an ezperiment; LL5^ <,£/»-' *o con " 4£jU- järiya pl. -ät, j\jt- jawärin girl;

duct an in veetigation ; ÜU1 <l ^^j-l (*'fi* slave girl; maid, servant; ship, veasel
natan) to grant s.o. a subsidy; ^jt *lj*-l

(majrd, with
- jazza u (jan) to cut off, olip (* s.th.); to
foll. genitive) to treat s.th.
Bhear, shear off (* s.th.; esp. the wool of
in the same manner as, put s.th. on
sheep)
equal footing with
•jt~ jizza pl. jj»- jixaz, J\j*- jazä'iz*
iSjT Jar V course J* L_^- jaryan 'aiä
|
shora wool, fleece, olip
in accordance with, according to

»jlj»- juxäza pl. -ät slip of paper; label,

iSSj*- Jm min jarüka and «il>l_^- ,>
min jar&ika because of you, on your tag

account, for your sake jlj». jazzäz pl. -ün shearer, woolshearer

»Ijj»- jarrä* runner, racer jjf mijazz woolshears

 123
L*
lj»- jaza'a a and Till to be content, oontent jj»- /ozr alaughter; butchering; ebb
o.a. (i_* with) II to divido, part, separate, (of the eea)

break up, cut up, partition (* s.th.)

•jjr jazra blood aacrifice
V to divide, break up, be or beoome di-
vided; to be aeparated, be detaohed, be jjJt fa&r pl* jyr ;uzur alaughter
partitioned off; to be divisible, separable camel

(je. from) jlj*- ;audr pl. I, -fin butcher

*>r /uz* pl. »|>^l ajzä* part, portion;

*jjfr jazira pl- y'j»- jaziFir*, jj»- ju*
constituent, oomponent; fraction; divi- zur island | Syj*- *r* Ä&At* 7- peninsula;
lion; seotion; the 30th part of the Koran «y^Ll AI Jazira, (Northwest) Mesopo-
(= 2 hizb)
tamia; J"I>LI Algeria; Algiers; ^yJli^y-

Ojr /«*'* partial; minor, trivial, in- /. al-arab Arabia, the Arabian Peninaula;

aignificant, unimportant; (jur.) minor, olJU-M yM>i(£Ü«I<W) the Canary Islands;

petty ; LJj*-. juz'iyan partly ; oLJj»- »1^-iA^ I '*j_}L\ (Jca4rä') Algeciraa (aeaport in

juz'iyäl details, particulara; trivialitiea; SW Spain)

aubordinate parte; divisiona, aections -ün) islander

<$js? jaxari insular; (pl.
(o.g., of a court of justice) | *Jj*- a|>«
,sJ\j»r jazä'iri pl- -*» Algerian (adj.
{mawädd) petty casea (jur.); SJjr ry»r
(junah) aummary deliota (ju-r.); v>r f^ and n.); islander

oourta of aummary justice; *Jj*- ÖLJ jjfi- majzir pl. jjlrf. majäzir* alaughter-
(niydoa) p&rquet of a aummary court; house, abattoir; butohery

Vjr «k^- minor incident; *-I/r *i>-J

•jj* majzara pl. jjlrf- majäzir* butoh-
(fcutPtya) part payment; oUSJIj oLi^jLl
ery; masaaore, oarnage
(fcuttiydf) the particular and general as-
pecta, the minor and the major isauea *jj»- /«aar (coli. ; n. un. I) carrot(a)

*&jß? juxai* pl. -ät molecule

fj». jazi'a a (jaza", £j>- jtuü") to be or be-
Jlj*-1 ajzä'l pl. -fin pharmaoist, drug- oome anxious, wonied, coneerned; to
gist be aad, unhappy (j* about); to feel

regret (J* for a.o.), pity (J* a.o.); to

^1^1 ajzäji pl. -lya phannacist, drug-
mourn (J* for s.o.) V to break apart,
giat
break, snap
V'j*-' ajzä'iya and üU-lj»-! ajzäJpäna
9 j+- jaz* onyz
pl. -dt pharmacy, drugatore
f-j». juz' axle; ahaft (Uchn.)
«jjjf tajzi'a division; partition; Sep-
aration; dissociation; breakdown (into
fj*- jaza' anxiety,
uneasineaa, appre-
claaaea, oategoriea, etc.); fragmentation f
henaion, ooncern; anguiah, fear; aadneas
*J/»«iU JjÜ divisible; 4jJj*£JI ÄJ^jIS divisi- f-j*- jazi* restless, impatient; anxious,
bility; ö'j^l ^U
retaUer, rotail merchant
wonied, uneasy, apprehensive
üUj»- juzdän, jixdän pl. -Öf wallet; change
fjjr Z* 8 ** an<1 PJ^T /**•' r08 ^«88 ; i m "

purae patient; anxious, worried, uneasy, ap-

prehensive
'jj*- jazara u (;'aw) to alaughter; to kill,

butcher (* an animal); — tu (jazr) to 9j£ mujazza* marbled, veined; varie-

Bink, fall, drop, ebb (water) gated, dappled

 ;; ;

124
*-»J*-

t_j>- III to act at random, blindly, indis- >-j*- jazm cutting off, clipping; deeision;

oriminately, take a ohance; to speculate resolution, resolve; apodiotio judgment;

(fin.); to speak vaguely, in general terms; (gram.) apocopate form j
rjA-l <*"iU 'alämat
to riflk, Btake (v a.th.) |
*—*j <JijU- to al-j. = jazma
riak one's life; j <> <J»jU- to plunge s.o.
<*j*- jazma diacritical mark (°) indi-
into (some adventure)
cating vowellessness of a final consonant
<J»lj*- yuaS/ purcbase of a certain a-
fjU- jäzim decisive; peremptory, def-
mount of things- (Isl. Law); Ulj*- jtuä*
mite, definitive, final; firmly convinced,
/an at random, haph&zardly
absolutely certain (^ of s.th.); (pl. fjlj»-

Üjtf mujäzafa raanness, recklessness, jawäzim?) governing the apocopate form

foolhardiness; riak, hazard; adventure, (gram.)
venture
ajj£- majzüm cut off, cut Bhort, clipped
J»jljf mujäzif rash, reckless, foolhardy decided, Bettled; (gram.) voweüess (final
adventurous; venturesome consonant) ; in the apocopate form

1
J^>>- javula u to be considerable, abun- rj>y+ munjazim (gram.) in the apoco-
dant, plentiful IV .IUI *j J>1 ('a^J'a) pate form
to give generously, openhandedly, lib-
3 jizam (pair of) shoes,
erally to s.o. VIII to write shorthand <uJ*- jazma pl. -ät, *j*-

(pair of) boote j J>Ly <*j»- (6»-ri6öf) laced

J*- jad and Jjj»-
jazii pl. Jl^ /»-
boote; i*U <*j»- (Jammö*a) patent-leather
zäl abundant, plentiful, ample, mnch;
Bhoes
pure, lucid, eloquent (style) |
^tjl <Jj*-

of sound, unerring judgment; IjSli «j£i a^J*- gazmaQx (eg.) and JL»J*- gizamäti

^jj*- fafcaroAü Sukran jazllan he thanked (eg.), jazmäti (syr.) pl. -iya shoemaker

him profusely; *^jJ»- lj£i many thanks!

^j*. 7'azä t (»lj*- jozä*) torequite, recompenee
*Jj*- jizlo pieoe, slioe (• s.o., u
or J* for), repay (• to s.o.,

SJIj*. jaztUa profusion, abundance u or J* s.th.); to reward (* s.o., *-. or

(rhet.) purity (of style) J* for); to punish (• s.o., or J* for); u

to aatisfy (• s.o.), give satisfaction (» to
J>£ mujtazil atenographer
b.o.); to compensate, make up (<~> * for
a.th. with or by); to compensate, offset
'Jjj^- look up alphabetically
(je s.th.) | \j^- Äiil iJlj*- (kairan) may
B
üVj*- juzlän ~ ülj>J*- God bless you for it! jUi-»[^ (jazä'a
»lj*-

ainimmära) he returned to him good

*j.j*- jazama i (jazm) to cut off, cut Bhort,
for evil III to repay, requite (i_> * a.th.
olip (* s.th.); to judge; to decide, Bettle
with, <~> • s.o. for), reoompenae (<-> • s.o.
(* s.th.); to be positive (u> about), be
absolutely certain (.-> of s.th.); to assert
for); to reward (J* or u * s.o. for); to
punish ( J* oru« s.o. for) \_y~- >jjU- (Icoi*
authoritatively (^ s.th.); to make up |

ran) he invoked God's reward upon them

one's mind, decide, resolve (J* to do
IV to auffice (• s.o.), do for a.o. (*); to
a.th.); to impose, make incumbent (J* *
take the place, serve instead (je of), re-
a.th. on s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce the
place (je. s.th.)
final consonant (of a word) without a
vowel; to put (* a verb) into the apoco- »lj*- jazä* requital, repayment; rec-

pate form or the imperative ompense, return; compensation, setoff;

 ;

125

amends, reparation; punishment, pen- r II to make corporeal, invest with a

alty |
j-üJ »l>- {naqdi) fine body, embody, incamate (* s.th.), give

concreto form (* to s.th.); to render or

J'yr Jazä*i penal
represent in corporeal form {* s.th.) V to
Öj»- j»zya pl. j_^- 7'tzan, »l_^- jixä*
become corporeal, assume concrete form,
tax ; tribute ; head tax on free non- materialize; to become incamate (Chr.);
Muslims under Muslim rule to become three-dimensional

Öjjf tajziya reward 4—»- jasad pl. jL_*-I ajsäd body |

J-*

•Ijl* mujäzäh requital, repayment; A_i-1 'xd al-j. and A_i-t LrJ- Corpus Christi

puniahment Day (Chr.)

^_ r j'aara u {jas8, <_* majaMa) to touch, ja—»- jasadi bodily, fleshly, carnal

feal, handle (* s.th.); to palpate, examine jlo—i-. jusdänl bodily

by touch {* s.th.); to test, sound, probe
j—jf taja&sud materialization ; incar-
(* s.th.); to try to gain Information
nation (Chr.)
(a about), try to find out (* s.th.); to
4—£ mujassad embodied, oorporined
spy out (* s.th.) |
*-iJ r»r (nabdahü) to
_
l

feel s.o.'s pulse, (fig.) »^1 ^^J ^r*- to j—»^ mutajaarid corporeal; incamate
probe, sound out, try to find out s.th. (Chr.),
V to try to gain Information { * about), try
to find out (* s.th.); to reconnoiter, scout, .*- josara u to span, cross, traverse (* s.th.)

explore (* s.th.); to be a spy, engage in (JjL^ jasära, jj~*- jusür) to venture,

espionage to spy, pry, Bnoop ( J* on

; a.o.) |
risk (
J* s.th.), have the courage ( J* to do
IjU^-l *J ,^—jtf (akbäran) to gather In- s.th.) II to build a dam or dike; to em-

formation for s.o., spy for s.o. VIII to bolden, encourage (• s.o., J* to do s.th.)

touch, feel, handle (* s.th.); to spy out VI to dare, venture, risk ( J* s.th.), have

(* s.th.) the audacity (J* to do s.th.); to be bold,

forward, insolent, impudent (J* with
J
u~*r jasax u r 4J* forty al-j. delicate
\

s.o.) VIII to span, oross, traverse (* s.th.)

to the touch, having a tender surface, fresh

jteü* pl- a-f^jr jawbü? ßpy

_,-* jiar pl. r*r
_
\ ajaur, j>-*- juaür
orj"W
bridge; dam, dike, embankment, levee;
i-j^l*- jä&ü&a woman spy — (pl. ~vj-*r juaüra) beam, girder; axle,

jäsüsi of espionage, spy- (in axletree 'Sj**i* j~*- (mutaharrik) movable

(j-^-l*-

^
|

Compounds) bridge; jL* (muaüaq) Suspension

L^-l*- jä&ü&iya spying, espionage

bridge; f'U
bridge
^ pontoon bridge, floating

* *j*. jausaaa spying, espionage

jj—*- jasür bold, daring; forward, in-

ljr^- majass spot which one touches or solent, impudent

feels; sense of touch | _
l rA\ jl*- ka&in
ljl~*r jas&ra boldnees, recklessness, in-
al-m. coarse to the touch, having a rough
trepidity; forwardneas, insolence
surface
jjj- tajäsur boldness, recklesaness, in-
u^- mijasB probe (med.)
trepidity; forwardneas, insolence

(__ r—jf tajaasua spying, espionage

^-l*£. mutajätir bold, daring; forward,
^U jäsi' hard, rough, rugged insolent, impudent
J^s- 126

jL-*. seo jU-»- vl<-*- jaamäniya* Gethsemane

—*- jaeuma u (<•!—*- jo*i7na) to be great, big, (j—*-) L-*- jaaä u to become hard, solid

large, bulky, huge, immense II to make

u £»- ja$$a u (jaü) to grind, crush, bruise,
corporeal, invest with a body {* s.th.),
grate (* s.th.)
give (* B.th.) shape or form; to materialize
{* B.th.); to cause to stand out, bring out Äi*- juiia hoarseness, huskiness, raucity

(* s.th.); to enlarge, magnify (* s.th.; (of the voice)

e.g., microecope) ; to make big, bulky,

^ifrlq- jaUS ground, grated, cnuhed
huge (* s.th.); to play up, exaggerate
V to become corporeal, become
£*r ajaiP, f. .Li»- jaSSä'* hoarse, husky,
im
\

(* s.th.)
raucous (voice)
embodied; to materialize; to assume a
form, take shape, become tangible or con- and T to belch, burp
Uj-. II
crete; to be materialized; to become big,
»Li»- juSä* and »ll*- jufa belch(ing),
large, huge, increase in volume, grow in size
burp(ing)
_*- jism pl. j*L-*-l ajsäm, {j-t jusüm
body (also O of an automobile); sub- jLl»- juiär livestock

st&nce, matter; masa; form, shape

ȣ*/ ja&i'a a ijaSa*) and V to be covetous,
*- jitmi bodily, phyBioal; substan- greedy
Li*-
tiaJ, material
«-£*- jaSa' greed, avidity, inordinate
*_»- jasim pl. j»L*- jisäm great, big,
desire
large; voluminous, bulky, huge; vast,
ȣ*- yoii' greedy, covetous
immense ; stout, oorpulent; weighty, most
signiöcant, momentous, prodigious to take
_!*- jaJSima a (ja&m, <*LL»> j'oiäma)

^_»- jusaim pl. -ät particle (phys.); upon o.s. (* some hardship) II to make
corpuscle (biol.) (• s.o.) suffer or undergo (* s.th.); to
impose (* • on s.o. s.th. difficult), bürden
_*-! ajaam* more voluminous, larger;
(* * s.o. with s.th.) V to take upon o.s.,
stouter, more corpulent
suffer, undergo (* s.th., e.g., hardships)
i*L*- jasäma size, volume; stoutness,
corpulence J^j- (eg., of. JÜ iiHl) sample, specimen;
sampling
olj-*- jusmän body, masa

J^-*-
poral
jusmänl bodily, physical, cor-
Jlr-J-I w-Jitdl corporal punishment
^ II to plaster, whitewash (* s.th.)

|
ü-*T TW gypeum; plaster of Paria

-—jf tajtüm embodiment; «lief; en-

magnification, magnifying
,jL-*»- ü tajaffana to lounge, Stretch lazily,
largement,
loU
power
_jt mujassam bodily, corporeal; «•»- jt'a beer

(math.) body three-dimensional ; tangible,

;

«_^u>. II to corrugate (* s.th.)

material, concreto; raised, relieflike,

standing out in relief (e.g., 3*-j* <!£>- L«»- ;a'6a pl. v^r ?*'<*& quiver; tube,

relief map); relief; enlarged, magnified |

pipe; gun barrel; O oartridge pouch
—* 1* (film) three-dimenaional (stereo- (8yr.) |
jLj^I i-«r j. äffbär town gosaip
scopic) film, 3-D motion picture (person)
 127

mm>- ja'ja'a (*•»>•»- ja'ja'a) to clamor, roar, think, deem, believe (<_> • or • • s.o. to
shout; to clatter, clap; to bluster, ex- be ..., * * a.th. to be ...), take (<_> • or • •

plode in anger s.o. for, * * s.th. for); to represent (*

**>>**- ja'ja'a hubbub, rumpus, olamor,

s.th., •_)>•* j ae, or in the form of, s.th.

eise); to appoint, settle (J * s.th. for

roar; creak, clapping noiae (of a mill
wheel) ; bluster
s.o., in s.o. 's favor) ; to give, grant,
concede (J * s.th., an advantage, to s.o.),
PImu*. ja' ja" clamorous, boiBteroua,
put s.o. (J) in the way of s.th. (*); to
noisy; bawler, loud-mouthed person
attribute (* J to s.o. s.th.), maintain that
s.th. (>) belongs to s.o. (J); to entrust
Xu- ja'uda u (~*}j>*r jv'üda, »iL*, ja'äda) and
(Jl * s.th. to s.o.); to put, get {» s.o.,
T to become curly, frizzed, kinky, ourl
* s.th., into a specific State or condition);
(hair); to be wavy; to be creased; to be
(with foll. imperf.) to begin to, aet out to|
wrinkled II to curl, frizz {m s.th.; the
hair); to wave (* s.th.; the hair); to Jaäj *L». to induce b.o. to do; to make
crease, pleat, plait (* cloth); to wrinkle
s.o. do s.th. (in a narrative); Hy^t *Lu>-

{* the skin)
(bi-manzilati) to place s.o. on equal
footing with ; «.u Jjbi. j *L*. (/» mutend*
•u»- ja'd (or oJl 0*»- j. al-yad, >J»SJl .u»-
wali yadihi) to bring or put s.th. within
j. al-kqff) stingy, niggardly, tightfiated
s.o.'s reach III to seek to bribe, try to
•0*»- ja' da curl, lock, ringlet win (<_> » s.o. with B.th.)

tjXu- ja'dl and 0**-l aj'ad* curly J**- ju'l pl. JUij-I afäl pay, wages;
piece wages; reward, prize
ti-Lj*- pa'äfi (ey.) bum, loafer, good-
for-nothing Jj»»-
ju'U: ^- Jltfl {iUifäq) piece
work contract
4-*l* tajä'id* wrinkles, lines (of the face)

J**- jv'al pl. ö">U»- ji'län düng beetle;

klilxwf taja"udät wrinkles
scarabaeus
•Uf muja"ad curled, frizzed; wavy;
«ll»» ji'äla, ja'ala, ju'äla pl. JJU*.
furrowed, creased; wrinkled
ja'ä'iP pay, wages; allowance; reward,
Uo muiaja"id curled, frizzed; wavy; prize; bribe
furrowed, creased; wrinkled
L»l>>>- jugräßyä and vi/** jufiräfiya geog- -

«J-u»- ja'dana idle talk, goeaip (Üb.) raphy |

S.«.J»
vL^ (/oM'iya) physical

a to drop manure (animal) geography

/**- ja'ara
_
{ja'r) its

jl>*- jugräfi geographica!; geographer

öl_^u-. _y) abü ji'rän* Bcarabaeus; düng
beetle i_i»- (Ist pers. perf. jafaftu) (JU».
Jaffa i

jim^ ja'jar jafäf, ü»>i»- jufüf) to dry, become dry;

little river, creek
to dry out II to dry, make dry (* B.tb.)

J*»- ja'ala a (ja'l) to make (* B.th.); to put,

»JiU*- jafäf dryness; desiccation; dry-
place, lay (* s.th.); to create (* s.th.);
ing up; dullnesa
to effect, bring about (* s.th.); to make
(* * s.th. a rule, a principle, or the like, «JiLijf tijfäf pl. «Juil* tajäfif* protective

• « s.o., e.g., leader, king, etc.), appoint

(• • s.o. to an office, rank, or the like); tajftf drying; desiccation; de-

to fix, set (* * a Bum, a price, at); to hydration; drainage
 128

<-Jl*- J äJf dfJ I

*-J^r^*- J* {qalam hibr) *^i*- jafwa roughneas; estrangement,
ball-point pen alienation ; disagreement, dissension,

quarrel
<Jii£ mujaffaf dried, desiccated, de-

hydro ted; olüjt dehydrated foods •Li*- jafä' roughness, harshneae; stern-
neas; antipathy, aversion, distaate, loath-
•Li*- /u/d* useless, vain, futile |
»Li*- «_^i
ing; estrangement, alienation
dahaha jufä'an to be in voin, be of no
yr \ ajfä refraining even more (J
avail, pass useleaaly x

from), more averse (J to s.th.)

C-i*- jt/J, c*i*- (5t/f (pronounced £»/(; ep.)
«jU- jäfin pl. «Li*- jufäh harsh, rough,
pincers, tweezers; metal clamp |
cu*-
coarse; brutiah, uncouth, rüde
üLj-i j. Saryän arterial olamps
iiTU- look up alphabetically
jüj*; (pronounced SiftiH; eg.) filigree

jS^*- III (syr.) to tease (• s.o.)

ilbu-. jt/titfc farm, country estate; govero-
ment land {Pal.)
to be great, lofty,
*J*-
jaüa i (J^*- jaläl)

ji*- jafr, jÄl\ i& 'ü™ al-j. divination, for- exalted, illustrious, sublime; to be too

tunetelling great (j* for), be beyond s.th. (jt), be

far above s.th. (je) |
j~»J-l
J* Jr ('an
ijj*- jufra pl. jji»- jujar pit, hole
il-hofir) to be innumerable II to honor,

Ji*- jafala i u (jafi, J>**- jw/ü0 an<l IV to dignify, exalt {• s.o.); to cover (* s.th.,

start, jump with fright; to shy (horse) esp. the ground, as snow, plante, etc.);

II to start, rouse (*s.th., • s.o.); to scare to envelop, wrap, drape, clothe ; to border,

away (• s.o.) edge {* s.th., ^ with) IV to honor, digni-

fy, revere, venerate, esteem highly, exalt
Ji*- jafl and 1
J>«*- jw/ü* fright, alarm;
( • s.o.) ; to deem too high, too exalted ( j*
shying
for s.th.), consider far beyond s.th. {je-)

tiiLU- (pronounoed Siflik; eg.) VI to deem o.s. far above B.th. (

je) X to
be great, exalted, sublime
ja*- jafn pl. ü>i*- jufün, OLL*-! aj/dn eyelid

J*-
jatt great, outstanding; bolky
iU*- ;'a/na pl. 6 Li*- ;»/än, iLi*- jafanät
bowl; graps vine J*-
juÜ major portion, bulle, majority,
main part |
*!*- jvüuhü most of it; t*V'
J*-
(^i*-) Li*- jafä u {jafw, »Li*- jafä') to be rough,
;. al-umma the majority of the people;
coaree; to treat ( s.o.) roughly, harshly; 4-i U ite main Contents; *jl JUL U J»-j
J»-
to turn away (• from), shun, avoid, flee
(jvüu) that muoh, at least, can be said
(• s.o.) III to treat (• s.o.) roughly, that...
rudely, harshly; to be oruel (• to s.o.);
JL- jalal important, significant, mo-
to be crosa (• with s.o.); to elude, flee
mentous, weighty
(« s.o.; slumber); to offend (* against
good taste, one's sense of honor, or the jvlid pl. Jl*- jvkd matter of great
J*-
like) VI to withdraw (j* from), shun, importanos, momentous undortaking,
avoid (• b.o.); to loathe {je- s.o., s.th.), great feat, exploit
have an aversion (je to) ; to display rüde
<U jvUa, jitta droppings, düng (of
manners, aot the ruffian julal (oannon)
animals); Jutta pl. Jl*-

ji+- jafw roughneas, harshness ball; bomb

 129 <-±

<U- jnüa attire, elothing | <ijjX\ 1U-1 goods) X to import (a goods); to fetch,
(1J^5ÜI) (habrawiya, kahnütiya) epis- summon, call in (» s.o.); to attract, draw
copal (sacerdotal) vestments (Chr.) (a, a s.o., s.th.); to seek to attract or win
(a, • s.o., s.th.); to get, procure (a s.th.)
JJ*- jtdtl pl. oU-l a;tH<S' 8 , Ü*-l ajtüa,

JJlU- jalä'Ü* great, important, significant, !_Jj>- jalb bringing, fetching; procure

weighty, momentous; lofty, exalted, ment; acquisition; importation, import;

sublime; reverod, honorable, venerable; causation, bringing on, bringing about

glorioua, splendid
!_Jj>- jalab imported; foreign

J-^U jaläl loftiness, sublimxty, august- i_-i*- jalab and <JU- jalaba clamor;
ness; splendor, glory uproar, tumult, turmoil

"*}•£>- jaläla loftiness, subUmity, august- <JU- julba scar

ness; majesty |
tl'^i-l (i-»-U*) !_^-L* His
i_--L- jalib imported, foreign; (pl. ^1*-
(Her) Majesty, illil iJ-^U- 7. al-malik His
jaJbä, -LU- julabä' 2 ) foreign slave
Majesty, the King
^^U- jalläb attractive, captivatmg
2
J»-l ajall groater; more sublime; more
importer, trador; see also alphabetically J
splendid
i—JI v^T a ' av 6 trader
iLfi majalla pl. -ä( periodical; review,
J-j-^U- galläbiya [eg.) pl. -ät, ^"^U- galä»
magazine v^*—-' *l£ (iwfcü'iya) weekly
Üb 1 galabia, a loose, shirtlike garment,
|

magazine; s_+- ^f (JoAriya) monthly

the common dress of the male population
publication; »_; i^U iL* (Aüflsa) pro-
in Egypt
fessional Journal for . . . ;
*&+-*$ \ iL*.

lawbook, code; jol^l iLf do. <_jLU- see below under i_--U-

and honor, i_Jj^-1 ajlab 2 more attractive, more

<U" tajifa JlU-i »jiöZ
captivating
distinction; esteem, deference, respect;
reverence d_Lf majlaba pl. i_JLf majälib* causa-

tive factor, motive, reason, cause, oc-

a
J*-
juÜ rose
casion

t-»}U- jwZafc, juüäb rose water; julep urJ'^u-l istijläb procurement, acquisi-
tion; importation, import; supply; at-
i>;:>U- (Fr. gtlatine) ielätin jelly
traction |
j>^LJI ^"iUiJ promotion of

V -
^*- (Fr. glaci) glaseh (eg.) kid leather tourist traffic

JU- jälib causative factor, motive,

1
i_L- jalaba i u (jalb) to attract (a s.th.); to
reason, cause, occasion
fetch, get, bring (a s.th., J to s.o.); toim-
port (a goods); to bring about (a a state, 2
^
r>'iU- juläb, julläb rose water; julep
condition) to bring (a härm, shame,etc,
;

3
LL- jalaba jalap
Jp upon s.o.) to gain, win, obtain
; (* s.th.) (bot.)

to earn (a s.th.); (vj^r fuliib) to scar

1—-U- II tajalbaba to clothe o.s. (l-> with), be
over, heal (wound) II to shout, clamor;
clothed, be clad (l_> in a garment, also
to be noisy, boisterous IV to earn, gain,
fig.)
acquire (a s.th.); = II; VII pass. of I
VIII to procure, bring, fetch, get (* <_jLU- jilbäb pl. «_-xj">U- jaläblb* garment,
s.th.); to draw (a on s.th.); to import (* dress, gown; woman's dress
^Lr 130

üLU- jidvbbän ohickling vetoh, grass pea •0-1*- julaida pl. -dt membrane, pel-
(Lathyrus Bativus) liole; O film (phot.)

1 oi*. j'afcwi endurance; suffering; pa-

JmJU> jaljala to re verberate; to resound, ring
out; to rattle; to shake (* s.th.)
tience; firmament

J**U jvljul pl. Jr^r jaläjiP (little) Hol», joüo lash, Btroke with a whip
bell, Bleigh bell; cowbell; jingle
O-l*- jolüJ pl. »IxL- juladä*' staunoh,
iUJj- jaljala sound of a bell; lond, steadfast; strong, sturdy
shrill sound
0-1*- jalid iee |
0-1*-
J-*-
jafai 7. iceberg;
J^Lf mujaljil shrill, pieroing; ring- O-ill j- 4*Li (<#'<*) ice floe

ing, resoimding, rererberant

i$0-l*- jaZidtioy, ice-oovered, glacial, iee

'iUJ»- juljula, ILnJU-I J-*- jabalal-j. Golgotha (adj.); snow-oovered |

^-lU;I j~«JI {'ap)
the Ice Age
ö^UJ»- jidjtdän, jüjilän Besame
j^L- 7o2tZ<f long-suffering, patient
«U ;aZ«Aa a O'aJaA) to be or become bald
j'iU jalläd pl. -fin leather merohant;
^Ul a/ZoA", f. -l^L- jalhä'*, pl. ^U juiÄ executioner, hangman
bald-headed, bald
»j^U- jaläda and *^>U- julvda endurance,
«L- jalafca a and II to sharpen (* s.th.); to patience
whet, hone {* a knife), strop (* a razor);
loLf mijlada whip, lash, scourge
to stretch, extend, roll out (> metal)

*J*- j'aZfc grindstone, whetstone, hone oJLf tajlid freezing; bookbinding

i'iU jtfcjrf fight, battle (against)

ai*. jalada i {jald) to whip, flog, lash (• s.o.);

— jalida a to be frozen, freeze; — jaluda oLf tajaüvd endurance, patience

u to be tough, hardy, undismayed, stead- -drf. mujaüid; r&\ oU m.
< a/-ih**u&
fast, patient II to bind (* a book); (to
bookbinder
oaase) to freeze (* s.th.) III to fight (# s.o.)
oi* mujaUad frozen, ioy, ice-covered;
IV to freeze; to be frozen, be oovered
with ice V to take heart; to show o.s.
bound (book); (pl. -ät) volume (book)

tough, hardy, robust; to resign o.s. to oJlf mujälid pl. -an gladiator
patience; to bear, Buffer VI to engage in
ol»u* mvlajaüid patient
a sword fight

oi». jald flogging; — (pl. :oU-l ajläd) J^U- jitiauz (ooll.; n. un. •) hazelnut; hazel

staunch, steadfast; strong, sturdy

fJ
Ajr jalaaa i (,j->U- ?«&**) to Bit down (Jl
oi*- jild pl. äjl*- jvlüd, J'iU-l ajlödskin, with s.o., at a table, etc., J» on a chair);
hide; leather f
oUic oi*. (suktiyän) to sit (Jl with s.o., at a table, J* on a
morocoo; fli oi*- (lammä') patent leather chair) |
*Upl Jl ^^JL- (rasaäm) to Bit for

».U*- jUda akin, hide; pieee of leather; a painter III to Bit (* with s.o., next to
race |
LixL- ^>\ Um jildatinä our country- s.o., in b.o.'r Company); to keep s.o. (•)

man, our fellow tribesman, pl. bJ-ü*- j-> Company IV to ask to sit down, make sit

banü j.
down, seat (• s.o.)

t^oi*. jildi dermal, outaneous, skin *~L- jal&a pl. -ät seat (in an auditorium)
(adj.) f
3j-Ü*- <j*'j*' 8'"11 diseases seseion (of parliament, of a committee,
 ;

131
^
r
of a court, eto.) ; party, gathering, meet- Ja» ^pLf ( tuUi) court, tribunal (3yr.);
ing | 5-JU- JÖ* *aqada jalsaian to convene {^jSLc or) jjfr ^r-U ('«r/i f '«fawJ)
a Session ; i*U «JL- ('dmma) plenary court-martial; /VI *--* ^rif m. 'u^fraf
Session a£-umam Council of the League of

«JL- jtba manner of sitting Nations ; aj**II ,jJje. the House of Com-
mons; üütVI ^r-U m. al-a'yän Senate
)>r
JU- jaZi« pl. »Ul*- julasä'* participant
(/r M Jon*.); £Jj^Vl ^r-U draft board,
in a social gathering; table oompanion;
recruiting commission (mil.); &jj ^Sfi-
one with whom one sits together; *-*!*-
(qarawi) local oounoü; ^aL^Ü ^^JLf
the man who was at the party with him
(tgtis&it) economic oouncil; t/y rSjt
i_

<-xU- jaltsa lady oompanion; fem. of (qaumi) national assembly ; öL» ^pJLf
»jjiJ! ta. qiyädat af-taura Supreme Rev-
olutionär Tribunal (Eg.); j^fli ,^1
^j^r ftdüs sitting; sitting down;
accession to the throne; pl. of ^U- and jjTVl ^1 (akbar) the Grand
jälis sitting
Counoil (== le Qrand Conseü; Tun.);

Cr^jjW or^f tbe House of Lords; ^ySjt

^jjjt majlis pl. ^Lf majälif seat; <-*'>•" m. an-nuuwdft lower house, Cham-
Session room, oonferenoe room; party, ber of deputies; (jLJ ^S*. (niyäbi) par-
gathering, meeting; sooial gathering liament; <#i-l ^rJLf m. al-jiha approx.:
Session, sitting; councü meeting; counoil; provincial counoil (= conseü de rigion;
ooncilium ; collegium, College ; board, Tun.); *\jjj\ ^ySjt m. al-uwzarä" cabinet,
oommittee, commission; administrative
Council of ministen
board; court, tribunal | *Jjt j in a.o.'s
LJLf mujälaM social interoourse
presence, in s.o.'s Company; *__j^Lji ^^JLf

and ^jk ijJjL disciplinary board; (_ rJLf

(jJU- 7'fifw pl. t^l*- 7*W*, u^^*- 7'uZZd«
tj-i-tj conatituent assembly; jliT -\* sitting; pl. ^"^U- partioipants in a sooial

regional court {tribunal regional; Tun.); gathering

1*VI iJ
SA m. al-umma parliament (Ir.);
.LU- jalafa i (jalf) to ohafe, gall, abrade (*
^Vl ^ySjt m. al-amn the Seourity
the flkin); to shave (^J\ ar-ra'aa the
Counoil; üoiJI ,jjjc. m. al-baladtya and
head)
i^jJj _
( rJLf (baZtuft) local Council, munic-
iUL- 7'uZ/a lump, clot <u*± 1UL- (da*
ipal counoil; <~>^J-I ,jA*- m. al-harb war |

—»- maunya) blood olot, thrombus

Council; t_ $ ^^-Lf {Aa*oi) probate court
(for Muslims; %.); -Us* ^M (mubtalif) t_ii»- jilf pl. ö-^U-l 07*20/ boorish, rüde, un-
mized court (eg.); fli-dl ^Sfi- defense civil
oouncil; \j\>*j\ ^^-U m. oZ-üZöra ad-
ministrative board, committee of manage-
läU ^zZ/a/a (<l*iU jalfaja) to calk {* a ship)

rnent, directorate; board of directors (of jiL- galjana (eg.) to galvanize

a oorporation or bank); i^-ili rJLf m.
_
(
olU- galjana galvanization
al-mudiriya provincial Council, provincial
parliament (Eg.); JÄljf mugalfan galvanized
iijj}\ S*. m. ad-daula
Supreme Administrative Court (Eg.) ; Ü"^- jaläqa: <uj i*-^. (garowtyo) yokel,
tf-jj t^Jjf
(™A») religious court, clerical bumpkin
court (of the Coptio Church); jj^i ^IjL
iJjjJI m. förä d-daula councü of stete; j]*- jalama i (jalm) to clip, shear off {* s.th.)

£>—•" cr-^f oouncil of eiders; Senate (£9.); j]*- jaZom pl. p-^-! a7'Idm shears
 ;;

rW

r _^l abü galambü (eg.) a variety of orab olarify, clear up {* s.th.), throw light

(* on); to uncover, unearth, bring to

.ui»- II tajalmada to be petrified
light, find out, discover, detect (* s.th.)
-ui»- jalmad pl. -u^»- jaJämW and
jalämld 1 *>U- 'j I ihn jalä a famous, well-known
ij*U- jtdmüd pl. 0-.^U- rook,
man, a celebrity
bolder

J*r jally clear, piain, evident, patent,

jUL- juUanär pomegranate blossom
manifest, obvious, conspicuous; LL- ja*

(^U- and J»-) ^U- 70W u to olean, polish (* l\yan obviously, evidently

s.th.) ;to olear (* the view);tomake clear,

SJ*- jaltya pl. L^U- jaläyü sure thing,
make piain* clarify, olear up (* s.th.), y
piain fact | J» j\ LL- jallyat al-amr the
throw light on (*); to reveal, unveil, true State of the affair
dißdoae (* s.th.); to dislodge, oust, re-
J»-l ajlä clearer, more obvious, more
move (je * or * s.o. or s.th. from); to
distinot
shine, be briüiant, distinguish o.a. ( j in
s.th.); to be or become clear, evident, IjL- jilwa unveiling (of the bride) |
ÜJ
manifest; to pull out, move out (j* of a •jLU lailat al-j. wedding night
place), go away, depart (j* from a
»*iU- jalä* clarification, eluoidation
place), leave, quit, evacuate (j* a place); clarity, clearness, plainness, distinctness
— J»-
jalä i to polish, burnish (* s.th.) departure, (e)migration (je- from); evac-
II to reveal, disclose, bring to light ( jp or uation (j* of an area; mtl.); »*sU
* s.th.); to show, represent (• s.o., * clearly, plainly
s.th..) ; IT to remove, dislodge, oust,
jLL- jalayän vision, revelation, apoc-
drive away (*, • s.o., s.th.) ; to evacuate
alypse {Chr.)
(• s.o., ,j* from); to move away, go away
a place) Jlf majdlin (pl. of Jjf majlan)
(j* from a place), leave (je-

become manifestations
T to olear, evident, manifest; to

reveal itself, be revealed; to appear, 5JL* tajtiya: i-*^l SJjf (üähiya) divine
show, come to light, come out, manifest revelation; theophany (Chr.)
itself; to be manifested, be expressed,
Jjf tajaüin revelation, manifestation;
find expression VII to be clean or cleaned,
Transfiguration (of Christ) |
J^ifl X* 'id
be polished, be bumished to be removed, ;

at-t. Transfiguration Day (Chr.)

be dislodged, be ousted; to move away
ob»-l oontemplation
(j* from a place), vacate, evacuate (j*
ijtilä*

a place) to be dispelled, vanish, go away,

;
»IUj^I istijla clarification, eluoidation
pass (crisis, difficulty, etc.); to dis-
<JU- jäliya pl. -ät, Jlj»- jawälin colony
appear; to reveal itself, be revealed, be
(of foreigners) ; colony of emigrants
disclosed; to be unveiled (bride) ; to
become manifest, manifest itself; to J*il al-mujaüi the winner (in a race)
become clear or piain; to clear up and
Jm£> mutajaüin obvious, evident, mani-
reveal (j* s.th.); to lead, come (& to), fest, patent
end (je in) ; ** Jj^JJ L
to result (jt- in) j

j»)j\ the outcome of the matter, what jjL-. galön pl. ~ät gallon (eg.)

will come of it VIII to reveal, disolose

j^Lf mugalwan galvanized (eg.)
(* s.th.); to regard (* s.th.), look at

(*) X to seek to olarify (* s.th.); to J»-

juUä see l
J»-
 ;

133

O^ürk* gilyotin guillotine (eg.) pjh jamaha a (jamk, *-L>-

a
jimäh, r-j** ju»
müh) to bolt (horee); to be refractory,
*l»r abbreviation of t£j*A a^ Egyptian
unruly, recalcitrant ; to be defiant; to be
pound
capricious, whimsical; to run out on her
** jamma huaband, run away from home (wife)
i u (jamm) to gather; to collect

one's thoughta, concentrate ; to rest II and ^L^ jimah recalcitrance, defiance; will-
V to grow luxuriantly (plante) X to fulness
gather; to colleot one's thoughts, con-
r^> jumüh recalcitrance, defiance
centrate; to rest, relax, seek recreation
wiÜfulness
(j>- from); to be covered with luxuriant
Vegetation (ground) rj*: 7
am üh headatrong, defiant, un-
ruly, ungovemable
*- jamm abundant, plentiful; much,
a great deal of; many, numerous; mani- *L*- jämik headstrong, defiant, un-
fold, multiple; crowd, group of people ruly; indomitable, untamable
|

_rVi yr j- al-atar effective, efficacious;

*-l> jamada u, jamuda u (jamd, jj> jw
L*-_ L*- -u»-l (akabbahü kubban) to be more
müd) to freeze ; to congeal, harden,
than fond of; i* Jjlji numerous ad-
stnTen, be or become hard or solid, solid-
vantages, ample benefits; jJ£ * large
ify; to coagulate, clot (blood); to be
crowd, throng
rigid, inflexible (in one's thinking); to
>l>; jamäm rest, relaxation, recreation, stagnate; to be apathetic, indolent, dull,
gathering of new strength indifferent | J» *-iJ o>i> to be indifferent
toward, put up with, aoquiesce in; OJj^
^t majamm place where s.th. gathers
»Jj (yadukü) to be niggardly, tightfisted
or flows together | «u**^_*j J\j\ li* jt
II to freeze, frost, congeal (*s.th.); toso-
(muatajma'uhü) what this opinion a-
lidify, coagulate, harden, stiffen (* s.th.);
mounts to
to curdle (* s.th.); to freeze (* assets)
«jf tagmim (eg.) bobbed hairdo (of T to freeze, become frozen, turn into ice,
women) freeze up, become icebound; to freeze to
death; to congeal; to solidify; to harden,
fit*-—«I istijmäm colleotednesa ; con-
set (o.g., cement) ; to coagulate, clot
centration; attentiveness, attentive rev-
(blood) VII to freeze up, become ice-
erence; rest, relaxation, reoreation
bound; to freeze, beoome frozen, turn to

M. iSJ^*\ '
ice

Xf-_ jamd freezing; congelation, solidi-

iSjf'. (from It. gambero) gambari, ^^> gam-
fication, coagulation jJA ~**-j* darajat
ma™ (eg.) shrimp (zool.)
|

al-j. freezing point

1
«"*> jamjama (*~*++i jamjama), f^iftl j*j-_
Jj^ jamad ice
(kaläma) and II tajamjama to articulate
indistinctly, stammer to express
.iL*; jamäd pl. -ät a solid; inorganio
; o.a.

poorly, speak incoherently; to mumble body; mineral; inanimate body, inani-

mate being; O neuter {gram.)
*i**»>; jumjuma pl. yr-L*; jamäjim 2 skull, cra-

nium
^> jumvd frozen state; solid, com-
pact state, compactness, solidity; rigor,
jumjumi cranial rigidity, stüTness ; inorganio state ; harden-
 ;;

134

ing, induration; hardnesB, infiexibility; mijmara pl. j-Lf majämir* bra-

deadlock, standstill ; inertia, inaotion, zier; censer

inactivity; lethargy, apathy, paasivity,

*iSj*: aoe j^*;
indifference

i!j> (eg.) gumruh pl. iijLr; gamärik* customs;

**j*~. jumüda solidity, hardness
cuBtomhouse | Äj*}-) **j raam al-g. oub-

\ if tajmid solidification, hardening;

t
toms duty, tariff
consolidation ; reinforcement (of a foun-
Sj*: gumruH customs, tariff (used at-
dation) |
Ji>/Sll •u*9^ ' al-amwäl freezing
tributively) | Sy. *l*' {ütihäd) customs
of assete
union
A*jC tajammud freezing; frost; conge-
ii^Hf mugamrak duty paid
lation; solidification; coagulation

j \j£ I injimäd freezing up or ov er, >> jummaiz (coli.; n. un. 5) sycamore (Fi-

cus syoomorus; bot.)

icing up; ice formation

.uU jämid hard, solid; atiff; rigid; ifjA*- look up alphabetically

motionless; inanimate, inorganic; (gram.)

Jjh jamaSa
i
i u (jami) to unhair (* s.th.)
defective; dry, dull (book, and the like);
II to make love, caress, pet
impervious to progress or Innovation,
ossified, ultraconservative; pl. ^j>- ja* »> jama'a a (jam') to gather (* s.th.); to

wämid* inanimate things, inorganio mat- collect (* e.g., money); to unite, combine,
ter, mineralß bring together (parts into a whole); to
put together, join (* things); to set,
.Uj*i* mvtajammid frozen, icy; BtifF,
compose (* type; typ.); to compile (*
congealed; coagulated
a book) ; to summarize, sum up (> s.th.)
Uj^i. munjamid frozen, icy, ice (adj.); to rally, round up ( > people) ; to pile up,
arctic | Ju*^l\ U-£\ (muAit) the Arctio amass, accumulate (* s.th.); to assemble
Ocean (> several persona); to oonvoke, con-
vene, call (* a meeting); to add (* num-
VpLr; jumädä name of the fifth and sixth
bers), add up (* a column); (gram.) to
months of the Muslim year (JjVI j^Lf:
make plural, pluralize (* a word); to
j. l-ülä Jumada I and lj£l\ ^L*: j. l-äkira
unite, link, bring together (jw several
Jumada II)
things or persona) ; to combine (j
— Ju
\j*l II to roast (* meat) VIII to burn incense e.g., both strength and courage); to con-

jX- jamr embers, live coal | Jp ölT

tain, hold, oomprise (* s.th.) |

sum up
*Jit^Wl
^
*^}\ (afrAfa) to summarize, s.th.
ji^l
^ ^1 {aharra) to b© on tenter-
hooka; to be in greatest suspenso, be
to give a survey of s.th.; £- 1*1 jJl
^
do
llitjH {barfTata) to be very efficient,
dying with curiosity
an excellent Job, do superlatively good
•j> jamra (n. un. of j>) live coal; round
work; ajUI Jt* *#; (Sartda l-q.) to
firebrand, smoldering embers; rankling
up the herd; VU^L» ju <->\&\ £•*
resentment; (pl. -ät) carbunole (med.) |
(tafahätihä) the book contains, lists...;
O SSsJ-'I.SjJ;! anthrax
Cjj-j J* ü-ü *»£ (yujma'u) the
plural

jl*- jummär palm palm core

pith, of bait is buyüt U to pile up, amass, accu-

(edible tuber growing at the Upper end mulate (* s.th.) ;to rally, round up (»s.th.,

of the palm trunk) > s.o.); to assemble (* the parts of a ma-

 f*
chine) III to have sexual intercourse (U sembly |
/^/l L-j*; j. al-umam League
with a woman) IV to agree ( Jp on s.th., to of Nations; *j_r*- *r*-*r (kairiya) chari-
do be agreed (J» on); to decide
B.th.); to table Organization ; <Ji U-V 1 L^> j.

unanimously <Jp on), reaolvo (J* to do al-ia'äf approx. : civil ambulance Serv-
s.th.) | j>j*\ \j**~) (amrahum) they ice; 4?*ij£ *»»> (ta&ri'iya) legislative
came to terms, they made a Joint de- assembly; "^j^ -v**; ('umümiya) and
cision V to gather; to assemble, congre- L.I*. a~*j- ('ämma) general assembly; gen-
gate; to rally, band together, flock to- eral meeting; plenum, plenary Session;
gether (people); to pile up; to accumu- SJjljJ •-*> (ta'äwuniya) cooperative

late; to gather into a masB, agglomerate

«-> jamV (with foll. genitive) total;
to Cluster; to coagulate VIII to be close
whole, entire; all; entirety; e.g., ^-LJl «_--;
together; to como together, meet, join;
to unite, combine (t_> with); to assemble,
all men, all mankind; gM all people,
everybody; the public at large; [*~*- ja*
mcet, convene (an Organization, a com-
mV an in a body, altogether, one and all,
mittee, etc.); to be or get together, have
all of them; entirely, wholly, totally
a meeting, interview or Conference, hold
talks (i-j, »- with s.o.), meet (>->, »- s.o.); *r\ ajma' 2 pl. -ün, f. »Li*; jam'ä' 2 , pl.
to coneur juma' 9 whole,
(Jp in), agree, be agreed (Jp
**; entire, all |
JUll

on s.th.) X to gather, collect (* s.th.; £*•) l/V--^/1 (ajma'a) the entire Islamic
also »\jt quwähu one's strength, »j-Kil world; »Li-; jUI (jam'ä'a) the whole
afkärahü one's thoughts); to summarize, house; «j^Ij bi-ajmaihi in ita entirety,

sum up (* s.th.); to possess, combine to its füll extent, completely, altogether;

(* s.th.) -jjL--; L I
j jU- all of them came

A-T jam' gathering; collection; com- p Li*; jumma aggregate ; total, total

bination; connection, coupling, joining; amount

aecumulation; (arith.) addition; union,
O tJ^.jif p **: jamma kahrabä'i storage
merger, aggregation, integration (jo of);
battery
holding together (j>j of divergent, sep-
**U; jamä'a pl. -ät group (of people);
arate things); (pl. fjt- jumu) gathering,
band, gang, party, troop; Community;
crowd, throng; gang, troop; (gram.) plu-
aquad (military unit; Eg. 1939) | oUU-;
ral |
J*.iJi «j-; j. as-Saml union, integra-
bly lj jamä'ätin iva-afrädan in groups and
tion; —SoJI
_t* *> the broken ( = internal)
individually
plural, JUI *^\ the regulär (= external)
plural; *>l —I ism al-j. collective noun ^l*: jamä'i collective (as opposed to
(gram.); oJl «j-; j. al-yad fist fjiji jardi individual)

*-*; jum', eJaSOl

^ j. al-kaff, -dl -j^ j.
**£ majma
where two or more things meet, place or
pl. »-bf majämi' 2 place
al-yad fist, clenched hand | *jOj **£ with
clenched fists point of union, junetion; meeting, con-
gregation, Convention, assembly; (also
lo*; jum'a pl. -> juma' , -ät week; Fri-
-J* *»-£ m.'ilmi) academy (scientific);
day 1
4*-M *y_ yaum al-j. Friday ;
f^/*!
1
! **>
College (e.g., of ecclesiostical dignitaries);
Pasaion Week; -...U-Jl 4»-M and 4»-M
r>- synod |
jjJj »l*j£ (baladi) provincial synod
ojj-i Good Friday {Chr.)
(Chr.) ; Jö jJS"l *£ (ikllriki) clerical

L-^ jam'iya pl. -ät club, association, synod (of the Coptic Church); j**L*-", -U--1

society; Corporation, Organization ; as- <—>jiJ}\ to win or captivate the hearta;

 ; .

c*
«_L* ^U^c, &»-m. 'ainatAt (to look at a.o.) »U jämi' comprehensive, extensive,
with complete concentration, intently broad, general, universal; coüector; oom-
piler (of a book); compositor, typesetter;
j»*jf majma'i academy member, aca-
(pl. p*\j>r jawämi' 1 ) mosque |
**L- 0*—
demician
(masjid) great, central mosque where the
*-,£ tajmV assembly, assemblage (of public prayer is performed on Fridays
the parts of machinery)
LuU- jämi'a pl. -ät league, union, asso-
f- Lf; jimä' sexual intercourae ; s.th. ciation; Community; federation; reli-

comprising or involving another thing gious community, communion; common-

or a number of thinga |
^\ f-L^ _^\ al- nesB, Community of interests or purpose;
kamr j. al-itm wine involves sin, wine university O al-kahrabä'
| »^_rt&' ***L- j.

is the vessel of sin storage battery, accumulator; /"ill <<mU-

j. al-umam League of Nationa; 4**Li-i

f-lr^l ijma Agreement, unanimity (also
VlL/l/l {islämxya) Pan-Islamiam; i*»\i.\
Jj]l f-Lr^l); unanimous resolution (J* to
5-*j*JI ('arabiya) and i-jjJI JjJÜi <<mU-
do s.th.); Law) consensus {of the
{Ist
(duwal) the Arab League ; i_*i <<mU-
authorities in a legal question; one of
(äa'biya) university extension, adult edu-
the four ufül of iBlamic Law) |
f-U^Vl»
cation courses, evening courses
unanimously

,jX*-} ijmä'i based on general agree- JL.U- jämt'i academic, collegiate, uni-

ment, unanimous; collective, universal versity (adj.); university graduate

tajammu' pl. -ät Coming together, f-j^jf majmü' collected, gathered; to-
>*jf
meeting; gathcring; troop concentration; tality, whole; total, sum (arith.) \
öj^i-l

crowd, throng, mob; agglomeration; «*^*jM matter {typ.); JLJd\ j-iljl fj*^"
m. arä4i the total area of the
O agglutination (chem..-med.) l-qufr

country ; tij^ £j** m - /«#A» its total

f\*r \ ijtima" pl. -ät meeting (<-» with e
length; ^~*JI f>*?^ (
a$abi) the nervous
s.o. ; of a corporate body ; of parliament)
System
get-together, gathering, assembly; re-

union; rally; Convention; conjunction, **>*j£ majmü* a pl. -ät, *~*ljf majämi**
constellation (a&tron.) ; confluence (of collection (e.g., of works of art, of stamps,
rivers) ; Iife in a social group, Community etc., also of stories); compilation, List;

life, social life; flr*-*^ human society group (also, e.g., of trees, of islands,
J

J^Lil 9 \&-\ ijtima' af-turuq crossroads, etc.); series (e.g., of articles in a news-

intersection, junction; H^-Vl J*

r
üm al- paper); O battery (el.); alliance, league,

ijt. Bociology; f-l^^l »^ü sociologista bloc (e.g., of states); collective, collecti-
vistio Organization; aggregate; complex,
^lrt-1 ijtima' % Community, group (used
block (of buildings); System; bulletin,
attributively) ; social; socialist(ic) ; socio-
periodical | *-—*i)l **_j*jM (Sameiya) the
logical j
l^l^^l üjLSJI »jljj ministry
solar System ; *-pLi^» **j+*r (pinä'iya)
for social affairs; i-^I^Vl 3JLA- 1 personal
syndicate
status ; i-tl^ *V I <.j£ 1
(
kidma ) social

service, social work; i^l^-V' iljLJl! «*jf mujammi' collector (lechn.) ; Q stor-
(musäwäh) social equality; «-^^-Vl <1-A1 age battery, accumulator
(hai'a) human society
4~L «*j£ mujma' 'alaihi (that which
«-*1^»- 1 ijtima \ya socialism is) agreed upon, unanimous
 ;

137
b*
«*af mujtama* pl. -dt gatbering place, ÄJU- ILr (hällya) circumstantial clause;
place of assembly; meeting place, rendez- *^*j^> *Lr~
t
(Sarfiya) conditional clause

vous; assembly, gathering, meeting; So- <JjU» *Lr-

4
(mu'tarida) parenthetical clause

ciety; human society; Community, com-

J^l uL*- kisäb al-jummal (or jumal)
mune, collective
use of the letters of the aiphabet ac-
cording to their numerical value
i;S^ = *£*W look up alphabetically
JL> jamäl beauty | O J^' 1* *Um
J
J> jamala u (jaml) to suin up, summarize al-j. aesthetics
(a s.th.); — jamula u (JL> jamäl) to be
J_> jamll beautiful, graceful, lovely,
beautiful ; to be handsome, pretty, come-
comely, pretty, handsome; friendly act,
ly, graceful; to be proper, suitable, appro-
favor, service, good turn; courteay |

priate (^ for s.o.), befit (i_j s.o.) II to

J-i;L Jilj^l, J-W «ijA* ma'rifat al-j. and
make beautiful, beautify, embelliah, a-
J_i;L üli^p ('irfän) gratitude; J-J^l jlj£j
dorn (*, • s.o., s.th.) III to be polite,
nukrän al-j. ingratitude; J-^-J _^~U un-
courteous, amiable {» to s.o.) IV to sum,
grateful; "^L^ J Jii*- (hafiza) to keep s.o.
total, add (* s.th.); to treat as a whole,
in fond remembrance, remember s.o.
mention collectively (* s.th.); to sum up,
with gratitude
summarize (> s.th.}; to act well, decently,

be nice V to make o.a. pretty, adom o.s. J>l ajmal 2 more beautiful

VI to be courteous, be friendly to one J_*j£

tajmil beautification, embeDish-

another ment; cosmetics

Ur; jumla pl. jumal totality, sum, ILLt mujämala pl. -ät (act of) courtesy;
J>
whole; group, troop, body; crowd; whole- civility, amiabüity; flattery; iLljf mujä*

sale; (gram.) Bentence, clause; iL*; jum- malatan amicably, in a friendly way j

latan completely, wholly, on the whole, iHjf «jLj ziyärat m. courtesy call; *e\Ji

altogether, in general, at all j

30*- lj *Lr~
t
oiUUi etiquette

jumlatan wahidatan all at once, at one JW ijmäl summation, summing up;

swoop; oLjK]1 *J-»7 everything in ex- summarization;Vl>l ijmälan on thewhole,
istence; h\j*\ "*Lt-_
^ jlT he was one of his in general, generally speaking, as a general
companions, he belonged to his com- principle |
Jyl .ill-Ü VW to sum up, I
panions; *JU U iL*- j Jlj (jumlati) among (would) say ...; *JL>1 j in its entirety,

other things, he said ...; J^öJl IL^j as a whole; Jl>1/L and JlXlM J* in
jl wa-jumlatu l-qauli antia or Ü^j general, on the whole, altogether; **-j>
jl j-^l in short ..., to sum up ..., JL>VI bi-wajhi l-i. = VW
briefly stated ...; iiJ^l
J* in short,
JL>I ijmäli comprehensive, summary,
in a word; iiJ^L whoUy, on the whole, al-
general, over-all, total, collective |
jjJü
together, in general, at all; by wholeaale
Jl>l over-all report; ÄJL>1 <*\ji- (garäma)
(com.) ; Üxi-JJ »sr^ I
Ü^ j. al-ujra al-mus'
collective penalty; yW «jJii (nazra) gen-
iahiqqa gross wages; ii>l j*-\2 wholesaler,
eral view
wholesale dealer; ÜJ;I _^- ai'r al-j. whole-
J*jC mujmil pl. -ün wholesaler, whole-
aale price; i-fl *Lt-_ (ismiya) nominal
sale dealer
clause; i_l*i *Lt-t (fi'liya) verbal clause; *Lr-
t

ijjL^I (ikbäriya) or <ij^- iLr; (kabariya) J*jt mujmal summary, rösumö, ayn-
declarative sentence (or clause); *Lt^ opsis, compendium general concept sum,; ;

5JLÜI (inSaiya) exclamatory sentence; total | J**^ by wholesale

>« 138

g
J> Jamal pl. Jl> jimdJ, JW a;mä{ camel |
inhabitant of paradise, deceased person,
}jri\ J> ;. oZ-yaAüi chameleon one of blessed memory

Jl> jammäl pl. -Ün camel driver *lc»~ junaina pl. -ät, Jb*- janä'in' little

garden; garden
ül> jumän (coli.; n. un. 3) pearlB

JJb*- janä'ini gardener

J+* jamhara to gather, colleot {*, * B.th.,

s.o.); to aasemble {• s.o.) II tajamhara *±*- jinna possession, Obsession; mania,

to gather, flock together (orowd) madness, insanity

*_/4> jamhara multitude, crowd, throng;

the great mass, the populaoe
i^-
shelter, shield
junna pl. ^ junan protection,

jj^r\ jumhür pl. jj\+ jamähir* multi- üb*- janän pl. öb*-l a/nän heart, soul
tude; crowd, throng; general public,
üb*- jannän gardener
public; j&l)~\ the masses, the people

7«mÄ«ri republican (adj. and ,>;>. ;antn pl. L*-l ajinna, Ji>-\ ajnun
iSJ.HT n.)
embryo, fetus; germ (in a seed, etc.)
*iJj*r jwnkürlya pl. -ät republio |
~.

üjX*- junün possession, Obsession; ma-

».wdl OjJt *jj_>^:I (*ara&»ya, mu/taAüia)
nia, madness, insanity, dementia; foolish-
the United Arab Republio ; *ijj^) ness, folly ; frenzy rage, fury ; ecstasy, rap-
,

oll^l i-jU'^l (ütihädiya) the Föderal

ture { üji» üjjU al-j. junün madness has
Republio of Germany; i-kly^-UI *jj_h^;I
many varietiea, manifests itself in many
oll^l (dimügrdjiya) the German Dem-
ways
ooratio Republio
dj^- junüni crazy, insane, mad; fran-
j4*j£ tajamkur gathering (of people);
tic, frenzied
crowd
j^f mijann pl. uljf majänn 2 shield
j»- ;anna u (jann, ü^*- ;unün) to cover, hide,
oonceal, veil
hjt majanna madness, insanity
(*, J* s.th.); to descend,

fall, be or become dark (night); pass. uU- jänn jinn, demons

junna: to be or become possessed, insane,
uyjf majnün pl. ,>iljf majänin* pos-
mad, crazy | «j^:*- j*- (junünuhü) to get
sessed, obsessed; insane, mad; madman,
madly excited, become frantic II to
maniac, lunatic; crazy, cracked; crack-
oraze, make crazy, drive insane, madden,
pot; foolish; fool
enrage, infuriate (• s.o.) IT to cover,
veil, hide, conceal (* s.th.); = II; V to i«-. janaba u to avert, ward off (* » from s.o.

go mad, become crazy X to be covered, B.th.) II to keep away, avert, ward off
veiled, concealed; to regard (» s.o.) as (a * from s.o. s.th.), keep s.o. (•) out of
crazy, think (• s.o.) mad the way of (*), spare (* • s.o. s.th.) III to

j*- jinn (coli.) jinn, demons (invisible be or walk by s.o.'s (*) side; to run

beings, either harmful or helpful, that alongside of (*), run parallel to (*), Bkirt,

interfere with the lives of mortale) flank (* s.th.); to avoid (* s.th.) V to

avoid (m s.th., • s.o.); to keep away (*, •
^~ jinni demonio; jinni, demon
from), steer clear, get out of the way
Lj- jinniya female demon . of) VI and VIII = V; VIII to be at
(*,

L*- janna pl. -ät, üb*- jinän garden; the side of {*), run Bide by aide with (*),

paradise |
*<dl ob*- paradise; OU-J jTL- run alongside of {*), skirt, flank (* B.th.)
 139

«.Jj»» janb pl. -">*- junüb, v^r' a?na& put fl.th. aside; UU- «jj to leave s.th.
aide; jonAa (prep.) beeide, next to, near, aside, omit s.th.; t^JU- j in oompariaon

at |
^Jr Jl Lj>- (also yijU L^-) aide by with, as oompared with, as against; re-

aide; 4-f*- jo (;anta»A») inaide (it), within; garding, with regard to; ^j*- jo U
4-^*- ,jo U (öaina janbaihi) what it con- their hearta; öJl UU- jänibä l-fam the
tains, compriaes, its Contents; »_-J»-
Jp comers of the mouth; .
oJU a oon-
aside, apart; oJi-l olj pleurisy aiderable, or certain, degree of; a con-

aiderable amount of, a good deal of;

4jj» jonAa pl. janaböt aide; region,
j* jiS <-JU- a great deal of, a large por-
area ] ^L*- J i° it» within, inside; «*'
tion of; j* j^Xt-JU- J«i _>» he is very ...;
4?Lj>- ,jo (ffcwnmoAfl) to oomprise, hold,
jÖI (>. *li* <-Jl*" J* OK" (fcaram) to be very
oontain s.th.; Üjill Ol— *- j. ai-gurfa the f
generous; S^^i j* Ji» <_JU- J» (aAam-
whole room; ii^Jl ol~*- jo in (the middle
mlya) of great importance; <_-j'U- Ji*l Je
of) the room; oLjLI j»-lj crammed,
ohock-full, brimful, filled to overflowing
•j^LJ-'l ^ 'aZd a'zamt jäm'bin «u» al-

kufüra of utmoat importance, of great-

or bursting
est signüicance; «-JL- J£j everywhere, on
f*r janbi
i
lateral, aide (adj.)
all aides; *JU- *J ^äa^- (kafatja, jänibaJiü)
«_-j-- jtmui in a atate of major ritual to show o.b. condeacending, affable or
impurity; not belonging to the tribe, not gracious to s.o.; to meet s.o. on fair

a kinaman |
*~dL\ jU-l the neighbor not terms; aJU- j-1 amtna jänibaJiü to be

belonging to the family safe from s.o.; |»l^»l «-JU- *j*1 «1 (u'trAu)

I paid not the leaat attention to bim;

•-jU^- janäb (title of reapect) approz.:
*JU- (i_*U, <_-j>j) J*U- (?änt&aAa) to fear
Eight Honorable; f^r Your Honor;
s.o., be afraid of s.o.; *_-Jli-l ill, milk al-j.
you (polite form)
crownlandfl; j^il ^U- j.al-miri (ep.Jfiso,
iiL»- janäba major ritual impurity (Ial.
treasury; *_-Jli-l jj layyin al-j. gentle;
Law) docile, tractable, compliant; <-Jli-l i>J '* n
<-jL>- junäb (= t^-jjUi olj) pleuriay al-j. gentlenesa; <-J\j}-) *-**"-> "^ ^"?'
fl

roomy; spaoioua, unconfined; «-JU-1 jJj

uj>- j'onfii aouth; L ;anä&an aouth-
friendly, amiable, gentle; *_—«U-J v,>»j*
ward, to the Bouth
feared, dreaded; ^-JU-.I >jt powerful,
Oj^t janübt aouthern Lü Jl
V*j^*> J>r mighty, Btrong jp 'izzot oZ-j. power
|
; <_J U-J «
South Africa
«-JU-.1 i^-j^ maAift aZ-j. dreaded, reapected;
<_-jU- jän*6 pl. <-J|j»- jatttSnift 1 aide; lat- jloJi <_-J]^»- j about the house, all over the
eral portion; sidepiece; flank; wing; face house; often vi«" j =V
(geom.); part, portion, paxtial amount;
,JU- jön*6t lateral, aide, by- (in oom-
partial view, seotion ($* of a acene, pio-
pounda)
ture or panorama); quantity, amount;
^jjj-I a^noAi foreign, alien ; (pl.-ün, «-Jl*-I
a certain number (^* of)» * few, aome |

aJU> jj on bis part; ^» — <_JL- j*

ajänib*) foreigner, alien |
vV'Vl ->'3Ül the

j^-T <_JU- on the one hand — on the other foreign oountriea, the outaide world; 'üj
^j[tr 'y\ firqat al-ajänib the Foreign Legion
hand; aJU- Jl to bim, to his address;
at his (its) aide, next to bim (it); «JLf V.^ ffonnö&iya pl. -ät (eg.) curb; em-
beeide bim (it), next to bim (it); ^JU- Jl bankment, levee; aide ohannel, lateral
and «-Jl^ aide by aide with; in addition (following a road or railroad traoka); by<
to; apart from, aside from; LjU- **^j to paaa (of a lock or aluice)
 140

<_jjf iajannvb avoidance £>*- janüh inclined (Jl to s.th.)

•^b^-l ijtinäb avoidance r-j^r junüh inclination, leaning, bent,

tendenoy (Jl to)
<Jj£ mujanniba flank, wing (of an army)
£U jänih side, flank, wing

4^U- jäniha pl. £|>r jatttäniÄ' rib; pl.

jL>- junbäz, jL^ calisthenics; gymnastics; also bosom, heart, soul m m7
j ^^jt Cr 1
athletics bosom, at heart; L^'j*- ^>ü» (Jafarat) Bhe

jjLjf junb&ä (^jL»;) califlthenic(al), beoame happily ezcited, she trembled

gymnastic «jjL^l «-»^Vl gymnastic ex-
|
with joy
ercises, physical exercisea mu/annaÄ winged
P^
«j- janaha a (r->*- ;unüA) to incline, be in- -U*- II to draft, conscript, enlist, recruit (•
clined, tend (J or Jl to); to lean (J or Jl s.o.; mil,); to mobilize {* an army, J*
to or toward) ; to tum, go over (
Jl to), join against) V to be drafted, be conscripted,
( Jl s.th.)i associate 0.8. ( Jl with) ; to Strand be enlisted (for military Service)

(J* or Jf on a coast; ahip); to diverge,

X*- jund m. and f., pl. ^1*- junüd, ibj-l
deviate, depart (jp frora}; to tum away

(jp from), break (jp with) II to provide

a;add soldiers; army |
^^1 .u*- ;. aJ-

£aZä0 Salvation Army

(* s.th.) with wings, lend wings (* to e.th.)

IV to incline, be inclinod, tend (J or Jl i$-u*- /und» pl. a^*- junüd soldier, pri-
to) ; to lean ( J or Jl to or toward) ; to tum vate |
Jjl (j-U*- (auwoJ) private first

(J or Jl to s.th.); to Strand (ship) class {Ir., Syr.); o*c_. jxj». (miutajidd)

reoruit (/r., 5yr.); Jh^I ^' the Un-

tf-1
mö>- jinh aide
known Soldier
£>- junk, jinh darkness, gloom |
£* j !o -U*- jundiya military affairs the army, ;

JJJl (;'. il-lail) in the dark of night, under

the military; military Service
cover of night; ^^SCll ^*- Cr 1
,
(junhay
il-karä) lit.: between the two halves of Julie, tajnid draft, enlistment (mü.)

slumber, i.e., at night when everyone's recruitment; mobiüzation | (£jL»-VI -^aK

asleep (ijbäri) military consoription

XjC tajannud military Service

5»*j-. junha pl. ü- junah misdemeanor
(jvr., less than a felony, *iU*-, and more XjC mujannad recruit
than an infraction, üJIJi)
(jjl-U*- gindäri standard-bearer, cornet (Eg.)
»•t*- janah pl. Wj- I ajniha, «j- ajnuh 1

wing (of a bird, of an airplane, of a •—•U*- jundub pl. «-obr janädib* grasshopper
building, of an army); aide; flank j j U!
^-U*- pandara {eg.) to mangle (* laundry)
4>-l>. I am under bis protection; »-L»-.
J*
»j-U*- pondara mangling (of laundry);
j*$y\ over the ether, by radio; *-L>-
J*
ip^—Jl (;. w-«*r'a) with winged haste
press; O rotary press (typ.)

^Lj- jiunöA misdemeanor (7'ur.); sin ]

\$j'-u*- look up alphabetioally

ü I 4-1* ^b*. *5/ (;u7iöAa) it won't be held

i»j-^ iandarma gendarmery
against him if he ...; it won't do any
härm if he ... uO-^r iandarmi gendarme

ü-l ajnah* more inclined (Jl to) J*-U*- gandufii (eg.) oysters
 ;

141

*Jai*- jandala to throw to the ground, bring tf^-ijJI (baSari) the human race; 1'
,
: - »LjI
down, feil {• s.o.) abnä* jinsinä our fellow tribesmen; j*

Jai*- jandal pl. JjL*. janädiP stone; ~*i-) iS_r**

iJ he ia Egyptian by natiopality
pl. JjL*- cataract, waterfall (ep.)
ouUll ^-Ü-l the fair sex; j£X\ ^\ the
strong sex
1
'JjJl»- gundül (eg.) pl. JoU*- panödU gondola
(j-i*- jinsi generic; sexual; racial
Jl_r*- jendräl, ginräl {eg.) general (military
(j-**-V Jd-jinsi asexual, sexless
rank)
^ V jinsiya pl. -ät nationality, Citizen*
s*- II to say the burial prayera, conduot the ship
funeral Service (» for the deceased; Chr.)
,j-±jf- tajnls naturalization ; paronoma-
IjL*- jinäza, jandza pl. -St >'L*. janä'iz* aia (rhet.)
bier; funeral procession
^Uj»- jinäs (rhet.) assonance, pun, paro-
Jb»- junnäz pl. >JU*- ?andntz a requiem, nomasia
funeral rites, ob&equies; funeral proces-
5-JLf mujänasa relatedneas, kinship,
sion
affinity; similarity, likeness, resemblanoe
Jr>>V janzabil (= j-^J) ginger ^^-Ltf tajannus acquisitum cf citizen-

^JU- janzara {= _^j) to be or become ship, naturalization

covered with verdigris

^Ijf tajänus homogeneity, homogene-
jlJN-- jtnaär {= jl^j) verdigris ousness; Hkeness, similarity, resemblance

VjV ;»nztr (= j^-j) pl.j-jbf janäzir 2 chain; ^Lf mujänis similar, like, related;

track (of a caterpillar, of a tank, etc.); homogeneous

a linear measure (= 5 qapaba = 17.75 m; ,_j-i»w mutajannis naturalized
also = 20 m ; Eg.) j >- SjlU fära* j. track
\
^Ui. muiajänis akin, related, of the
sprocket, sprocket wheel
same kind or nature, homogeneous
jj^f mujanzar track-laying (vehicle)
jLIw-. (Lat. Oentiana) gentian (eg.)

uJj~ II to make alike, make aimüar (* s.th.);

'.Je*- VI to deviate (je from); to incline, be
to assimilate, naturalize (• s.o.); to class,
inclined (Jl or J to s.th.)
classify, sort, categorize (* s.th.) III to
be akin, be related, similar (*, • to), be up alphabetically
^-*~r '°°k
l

of the same kind or nature (• as s.o.,

* as s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. _r*Ui»- junfä$, ,j^J^~ junfai? sackcloth,
(*, •),

resemble (« s.o., * s.th.) V to have o.a.

sacking

naturalized, acquire the citizenship (<_j);

iL»- junk pl. i]j^- junük harp
to be naturalized VI to be akin, related,
of the same kind or nature, homogeneous Jj*- janowä Genoa (seaport in NW Italy)

^jJ^- jins pl. ^L*-! ajnäa kind, sort, va- ^- janä i (jany) to pick, gather, harvest,
riety, species, class, genus; category; sex reap {* s.th,, also the fruitsof one's work);
(male, female); gender (gram.); race; na- to pocket, rake in, collect (* s.th.); to
tion |
(j-ii-l —.1 ism al-j. (gram.) generic derive (* profit, j* from); to secure, real-
noun, colleotive noun of nonpersonal ize {* profits, an advantage); to ineur
things (which form a n. un. in ); (* evil, härm, punishment); to cause, pro-
u-ii-\
 ; ; ;

142

voke, bring about (* s.th.); — (<>m ^*- jinfa *. jahada a (jahd) to endeavor, strive,
yd) to commit a crime, an outrage { J# on) labor, take pains, put o.a. out; to over-

to offend, sin (J* against); to commit, work, overtax, fatigue, ezbaust (• s.o.)

perpetrate (5jIi*-, Lii danban a crime, an III to endeavor, strive; to fight (J-*-* J
offense; less frequently Jf, on or *^lll for s.th.);to wage holy war against
J*,
ag&inßt); to inflict (* some evil,
J* on the infidels IV to strain, exert (* s.th.) ; to

a.o.) ; to härm (J* s.o., s.th.) V to in- tire, wear out, fatigue (• s.o.), give trouble

criminate, aecuse, charge with a crime ( to) | S *-* •*«' (nafsahü) to go to

s.o.), lay the blame (J* on s.o.), great lengths, go out of one's way ( j for
(J*
blame (J* s.o.); to actmeanly VIII to or in s.th.); j tßj A|*-l {fikrahü) to

gather, harvest (* s.th.) concentrate on, put one's mind to, apply

^ jany harvest; reaping (fig.); — o.s. to VIII to put o.s. out (J for
Law) to formulate an
s.th.),

work hard; (Isl.

janan (coli.) firuits
independent judgment in a legal or the-
ob*- jinäya pl. -ät perpetration of a ological question (based on the applica-
crime; felony (jwr.; in the strictly legal tion of the 4 ufül; as opposed to taqltd,

sense, more than a misdemeanor, <m^, q.v.)

and an infraction, <«Jüt), capital offense |

Xftm jahd pl. Ajtf- juhüd atrain; exer-
oLlii-J *£* mahkamat al-j. criminal court
tion; endeavor, attempt, effort; trouble,

JL*- jinä'l criminal | v^r *^* (mak* pains ( j on behalf or for the sake of

leama) criminal court; JLjL jyUJl crim- s.th.); O voltage, tension {el.) \
»X^ X^
inal law, penal law jahada jakdahü, also »J^*- (Jjl*-)
J^ to do

(try) one's utmost, do (try) all in one's

Jjf majnan pl. üLf ynajänin that which
power, make every conceivable effort;
is picked or harvested, a crop; source
0-4»- x& bi'jahdin jahldin with great
of profit or advantage
difficulty, by dint of strenuous efforts;

yf tajannin incrimination, aecuaation x^- J^ß- Xv after a lot of trouble O •*+»-

(J* of s.o.); mean way of acting, low, Jl* {'älin) high tension [el.)

underhand dealings
Xt*- juhd strain, exertion; juhda (used
üU- janin pl. iL*- junäk perpetrator (of prepositionally) to the limit of ... |
J^*-

a delict); delinquent, criminal ÖliJl juhda $-fäqa as far as possible, as

much as possible; «ijU» x^*- j. täqaiiki
4_L Jjf majniy 'ahxihi harmed, in-
as much as he can, to the limit of his
jured aggrieved party ; victim of a crime
;

abilities; öt£j X^*- juhda imkänihi do.

^Jnj r- (Fr. Qeneve) idnSf Geneva L. Xf*- juhda mä as much as, to the limits

of what . .
. ; ^Xt*- juhdi as far as I can
«^ (Engl, guinea) ginek, also gunaik pl. -ä(
x^- jahid see -i^*- jahd
pound (c^.) | <ht pound
(J-Ijwl) tfjJjf I

Bterling, English pound; ^j-— ^^r Egyp- jl#*- jihäd fight, battle; jihad, holy war
tian pound (abbreviation : *r) (against the infidels, as a religious duty)

^jlt*- jihädi fighting, military

1jj>\j~ mujähada fight, battle

JL^j- jahbad pl. »1*1+»- jahäbida man endowed
with a critical mind; great scholar jL**-I ijhäd exertion; overexertion, over-

brigbt, brilliant, intelligent etrain(ing)

 ); ;

143

^lf!*-l ijtihäd effort, exertion, endeavor, jtf- mijhar loud-voiced

pains, trouble ; application, industry, dili-
j& mijhar pl. j*\jL majäkir* micro-
gence; (Isl. Law) independent judgment
soope
in a legal or theological question, based
iSstf- mijhari microscopic(al)
on the Interpretation and application of
the 4 u$ül t as opposed to taqlid, q.v. jl^jf mijhar loud-voiced ; O loud-
individual judgment Bpeaker

Jj+ f majhüd
3 pl. -ät endeavor, effort, »jh\jt mujähara frankness, candor (of
exertion, pains, trouble, work; O voltage, one's words)
tension (el.) |
4Jl^j£ Ji; to make every
effort, go to gTeatest lengths
*- jahaza a to finish off ( J* a wounded man),
deliver the ooup de gräce to (J*) II to
i*Lf mujähid pl. -ün fighter, freedom
make ready, prepare {* s.th.) ; to arrange
fighter; warrior; sergeant (Eg. 1030)
(* s.th.); to provide, Hupply (* a.th.);

a^jf mujhid Btrenuous, exacting, try- to equip, fit out, furnish, supply, pro-
ing, grueling; — mujhad overworked, ex- vide (v • or * s.th. or a.o. with) IV to
hausted finish off (J* a wounded man), deliver
the coup de gräce to
J^üf mujtahid diligent, industrious (J*); to finish, ruin

(pl. -ün) mujtahid, a legist formulating (J* s.o.) V to be equipped, furnished,

supplied, provided ; to equip o.a. ; to
independent decieions in legal or theo-
prepare o.a., get ready; to be ready, be
logical matters, based on the Interpre-
prepared
tation and application of the four upüh
as opposed to muqaUid, q.v. jlf»- jahäz (also pronounced jihäz) pl.

•ät, «J4*-I ajhiza equipment, appliances,

,*- jahara a (jähr, jL+»- jihär) to be brought
outfit, gear, rig; trousseau; contrivance,
tolight, comeout, show, appear; — tode- gadget ; implement, appliance, Utensil
clare publicly, announce (a or i_» s.th.) ; to
Installation, apparatus (teehn.); System,
avow in public, proclaim (i_» a.th.) ; to raise
apparatus (anat.) jX-V (lä-ailln)
(k the voice) jahura u Sj Wr
; — ( jahära
|

wireless set, radio; ji^j jL^»- radio (re-

Jl**-

to be loud, be clearly audible (voice)

III to declare or say openiy, voice, utter,
ceiving set); O Jr*1— JUr (mustoqbü),
O JUe^Vl jl+r, O Jrlidyl jl^- receiver,
express frankly (cj s.th.)
receiving set (radio); *j.L jl^»- (mudV),
_^4*- jähr and jl^*- jihär publicness, Pub- O (Jt-jVl jLp- j. al-irsäl transmitter
licity, notoriety; 1_^*- jahran and Ijl^*- (radio); (jj±jiJj JL^*- television set; jl^*-

jihäran publicly, in public jjU-I j.al-hafr drillingrig; oüderrick; jl^*-

•_^4*- jahratan openJy, overtly, frankly,

^jjj (dauri) circulatory System (anat.);

publicly
i^jVI oljl>VI JL^ or J^
<~*j^\ ol^Jl (hazzät,ardiya) Seismograph;
^U Jl^-
<SjVr j'aAri notorioua, well-known, public
,jj^ JL^*- (sirri) seoret Organization, Under-

_r-p- jahir loud (voice, shout) ground Organization; H^-*lM jL^*- sound
T
locator; iS
~ajiI\ jL^i-l (
apabi) the nervous
2
#>-l
_r
ajhar day-blind
System; -*ill JL^»- /. al-hadm digestive
_^4*-l ajhar 2 (elative) louder, more au- apparatus
dible
y+4- tajhiz equipment, furnishment;
<jjji»- jahwari loud (voice) preparation; pl. £j\y+£- equipment, gear
jV 144

iSs+f- tajhizi preparatory ; (of & Bohool) J*L- jähil pl. iLp- jahala,
J^*- jzthhal,
preparing for College JI4»- juhhäl, »"^*- juhala' 2 not knowing

(<_j s.th., how to do s.th.); ignorant, un-

jaU- jahiz ready, prepared; ready-
educated, üliterate; foolish; fool
made; equipped | SJaL- (oLji. or) 5 —Jl
(albisa) ready-made clothes JaL- j'öAtZi pagan, of or pertaining to
pre-Islamic times
j+jt mujahhaz equipped, provided, fur-
nished, supplied (t-» with); armed (^ with LUU- jähiliya state of ignorance; pre-

guns; of a ship, tank, etc.) Islamic paganism, pre-Islamio timea

iSjtf- majhül unknown; anonymous

4»- IT to sob, break into sobe |
»l£jtj ^r^r^

(buka) to be on the verge of tears,

(also ~-V! J>ff m. al-ism); pl. J;*^ wa*
jähil 2 unknown things J^^l ii^ jJi<ja(
struggle with teara; to break into tears
|

aj-m. passive (jrom.)

<±4*- jahia (n. vic.) pl. -dt sob; out-
<J_^f majhüliya being unknown, un-
burst of tears
known nature
^1^>-I ijhöi outburst of teara
-4#- jahuma u (öl*»- jahäma, 0^4*- juAüma)
i^*- IV to hear youog ones, litter; to have to frown, glower V to frown, scowl,
a miscarriage (woman) J
I4—iJ C-J^-I glower; to regard with displeasure (a, »

(nafsahä) ehe induced an abortion or J s.o. or s.th.), frown (a or J on); to

eye gloomily, coolly, grimly (a, • or J
(j-ivr jihd miscarried fetus
s.o., s.th.) ; to become sullen, gloomy (face)

u*-v? jahitf miscarried fetus

^4*- jahm sullen, glum, morose, gloomy
^l^-l ijhäd miscarriage, abortion; in- (face)

duced abortion
l*lt»- jahäm clouds

J4»-
jahila a (jahl, «Jl*»- jahäla) to be Igno- 0L4*- jahäma and <*_}+> juhüma grim
rant; not to know (<-> or * s.th., how to look, sullen expression ; gloominoss ; brood-
do s.th.); to be irrational, foolish; to ing silence
behave foolishly ( J* toward) VI to ignore
L^~ jahannam 2 (f.) hell
{* B.th.) ; to refuse to have anything to do
{> with), shut one's eyes (a to), disregard jahannami hellish, infernal

(* a fact); to affect ignorance, pretend to

y- jaunv pl. •'_>*- 1 ajtoä', »l_>*- jiwä* (pl. fre-
know nothing X to consider ignorant or
quently with Singular meaning) air; at-
stupid (* s.o.)
mosphere (alsofig.);sky; weather;sphere,
J^»-
jahl and 4JI4»- jcüiäla ignorance; milieu, environment; \j»- jaunvan by air;
folly, foolishnees, stupidity | J**- j* out by telegraph, telegraphically ji-\ Jjj
|

of ignorance air mail; ^loU-i tabaqät al-j. airlayers;

foolish, stupid JkU j>- j (muTnfir) in rainy weather

<-Wr fahül ignorant;

majhal pl. J*Ij£ majähil 2 un- tfj*. jawwi air, aerial, aero- (in Com-
J^jt
pounds); airy, atmospheric(al) weather
known region, unexplored territory | J*Ljf
;

(used attributively), meteorologic(al)

LÄj_^I unknown Africa j

^jji-l JoJLäJI {fagt) atmospheric pressure;

J^ tajhll stultification
<lj>r Olli (tabaqät) air layers; ^j*- J^l*-!

J*L* tajähul ignoring, disregard(ing) (ustül) air fleet; o^». SjU air raid; ol_>DI
 ;; -

145 vyr

Sj^I (qüwät) air foroe; *j>LI «•-'^ll avia- to reaound, reverberate, re-eoho; to res-

tion; *jj*- »b_« (mind*) airport; «j_j*- jL#_>I onate (J or Jl to s.th.), be in reaonance
meteorological observationa ; ^_»*- ^ (ha* with (phya.) ; — <_^*u*'l istajwaba to

jar) meteorite interrogate, examine, question (* s.o.); to

hear (• the defendant or witness); to
l^>- (ecUoq.) jawwä (pronounoed gütoa
interpellate (• s.o.; in parliament)
in Eg.) in it, within; inaide
<-j^>- javb traversing, touring, ex-
<j'jr jawuwnt, jfuunwäni inner, inaide,
ploration (of foreign oountriea) ; piercing,
interior
penetration

4J\jß~ gvwäfa (eg.) guava (fruit); guava Bhrub juwab opening,

*iyr j^vba pl« -#» Vjr
gap; hole, pit
Jlj*. (eg.) guwäl pl. -ät sack
<_j1j*- jawäb -pl. <j_jt' ajtoiba answer, re-
Jlj»- (It. guanti; eg.) gloves
ply; ootave (to a given tone; mus.);
(eg. ; pronounced gawäb pl. -ät) letter,
*ujj*- (Ft. jupe) skirt
message |
^^Jjt <_j'j*- j. aS-Sarf main
•(.-jj*-) ^L- jäba u (javb) to travel, wander clause (concluaion) of a conditional sen-
(* through), traverse, roam, tour, ex- tenoe, apodoBis
plore (* e.th., e.g., foreign landa); to
«j'jr jawäbi anawering (used attribu-
pierce, penetrate (* s.th.), cut through
tively)
(*); to wander, cruise (* about a place)
III to answer s.o., Je s.th.), reply,
(» vVr jawwäb traverser (of foreign ooun-
triea), traveler, explorer
respond (• Je to s.th.); to comply
to s.o.,

(* with), accede (* to) IV to answer (• or <jU-I ijäba answer(ing), reply(ing), re-

Jl s.o., j* or Je a question), reply, aponse, reapondence; compliance; fulfill

respond (» or Jl to s.o.,
J* to s.th.); to ment, granting (of a request); accession;
comply (* with a requeat), accede, defer consent, assent |
&iü <jU-1 ijäbatan U-
(a to); to hear (» s.o.), accede to the re- falabikztm in compliance with your re-
quest or wiahee of (*); to fulfill, grant quest; in answer to your request
(* a wiah); to consent, asaent, agree
<->j\4 tajäumb agreement, oonformiby;
(Jl to); to oonour (Jl in) |
*it Jl uUI
harmony
(falabihi) to comply with a.o.'s requeet
VI to reply to one another; to echo (*, v Äil«£«>l istijäba hearing, anawering (of a

from) ; to ring out (voices)to be (mutu- ;

prayer); granting, fulnllment (of a re-

aUy) corresponding, harmonize; to be quest); resonanoe, oonaonance (phys.) \

favorable, propitious (** to s.o.; Situation) J <jIj*£-1 istijäbatan li in compliance with,

VII to soatter, break up, paaa over (clouda) in answer to, in deference to

to be dispelled, disappear, vanish (wor- lylj^LJ istijwäb pl. -ät interrogation,

ries); to fade (darknesB) X ^U^u-I to hear, questioning; hearing; interview; Inter-
answer (* a prayer), grant (* a requesb); pellation (in parliament)
to comply with the request of (J), ac-
lyjlwL* mutajäwib harmonious
cede or defer to the wiahee of (J); to
react (J to); to respond (J to, ^ with), _-c^r_*
( muetajib hearing, anawering,

listen, pay attention (<J to), ahow interest granting ; reverberant, resonant, reso-

(J in); to meet, answer (<-> J s.o. with), nating; responsive, susceptible, impres-
reply (<-> J to s.o. with or by doing s.th.) aible
 —

oyr 146

Oj»- (Engl.) jüt jute *yr föd openhandedness, liberality,

generosity
(rjr) rW* /*£* w An& ! *° annihilate,
destroy, min; to flood, inundate (* the jy-- javd heavy rains

Und) VIII do.; to carry away, sweep •iL- see linder '.u-
away (* s.o., * B.th.; storm); to put down,
•*>* jüda goodness, excellence
subdue, quell (* B.th., o.g., a not)
4»-U-l ijäha deBtruction, annihilation;
J^r jayyid pl. jU- jiySd good, perfect,
faultless; outstanding, ezcellent, first-
crop damage; crop failure, bad harvest
rate; good (as an examination grade) ; lo»>-
^U*-l ijtiyäh destmotion, annihilation;
jayyidan well, excellently; thoroughly
j
Bubdual, suppression la»- 0->- (jiddan) very good (also as an
examination grade)
f U- jä'ih orushing, devaatating; dis-
astroua
jj*-l ajwad1 better
i*L- jä'iha pl. ^I_j»- jawä'Vf calamity,
i\jj~ jawäd pl. j|_>*-I ajwäd, jjL-1 aj&*
disaster, ruin; epidemio; crop damage
tnd2 , •bjU-l ajätmd*, jj». jüd openhanded,
r>*- jvJf pl. rl>f' ajtoäk broadcloth liberal, generous, magnanimous; jawäd
pl. jU- jiyäd, jU-I ajyäd, .üjL-l ajäwtd*
(i>*-) jU- jäda u {»*j*r jvda) to be or become
race horse, racer; charger jI^h-IM j/i
good, become better, improve; — (jüd)
noble man
|

to grant generously (i_* s.th.), be so gen-

erouB äs to do e.th. <lj with verbal Jj^f tajwid art of reciting the Koran-

noun); to be
Koran reading (in aoeordance with estab-
liberal, openhanded (^ with
lished rules of pronunciation and Into-
s.th., J* toward s.o.), bestow liberally
nation)
(lj s.th.,
J* upon s.o.), grant, give lav-
ishly (^ of s.th., J* to s.o.), shower -L£ mujid adept, efficient, proficient

J* s.o. with); to donate (4* a sum of

(<-»
j\ijr jaudär see jIjjL- (alphabetically)
money, etc.) a—ii» aU- to Bacrifice o.s.;
j

to give up the ghoBt; ^-ÜL »L-* coU- fa*.» Gj*0 jl*- jära u (jaur) to deviate, atray (j^.
näAu &»-d-dam*) tears welled from his from); to commit an outrage (J* on),
eyes; #1, II OjU- (heavens granted rain) bear down (J# upon), wrong, persecute,
it rained II to do well {* s.th.); to make oppress, tyrannize (J* s.o.); to oncroach,
better, improve, better, ameliorate {* make inroads (J* on another's territory)
s.th.); to recite (the Koran; cf. >u>f) III to be the neighbor of s.o. (•), live

IV to do well, do excellently (* s.th.); to next door to (•); to be adjacent, be next

master (* s.th.), be skilled, proficient {* to s.th.), adjoin {* s.th.); to be in the
(* in), be an ezpert (* at), be conversant jmmediate vicinity of (», *), be close to
(* with an art or field of knowledge); to (•, *}; to border (* on) IV to grant
accomplish or say good, ezcellent things; asylum or a aanetuary (• to s.o.) ; to
to achieve ezcellent results; to be ez- protect ,> from), take
(• s.o., (» s.o.)

cellent, outstanding, diatinguish o.s. (e.g., under one's wing; to stand by b.o. {«),

as a poet) | ii) aL-l (lugatan) to master a aid (• s.o.) VI to be neighbors; to be

r
language; jJUJl J* ü»>Jl jU-I ( azfa) to play adjacent ; to ha ve a common border
the piano well X to think {* s.th.) good X to seek protection, seek refuge (*-> with
or ezcellent, approve of (*); to consider s.o., j- from s.th.), appeal for aid (• to
(*a.th.) suitable for or appropriate to{J) s.o., ^ against B.th.)
 ;

jyr

jj*- jaur in justice j oppression, tyr- (a s.th.); to approve (* of), sanation,

anny; outrage Warrant, authorize (* s.th.) 111 to pass (*

üljw- jlrän neighbor; refu-

s.th. or by s.th.), go or walk past s.th.
jU- jär pl.
(*); to go beyond s.th. (*), overstep,
gee; protege", oharge
cross, leave behind (* s.th.), also, e.g.,
jU- jära pl. -äi neighboress j**S\ j* j-u^Aill JjU- fumr) he is past
thirty; to ezceed, surpass (* s.th.); to
•jw- jira neighborhood
pass over s.th. (ja), disregard (jp s.th.),
•j_yr jüra pl. jj»- fuwar pit, hole pay no attention (ja to); to let (jp s.th.)

see alphabetically go unpunished; to give up, forgo, re-

if jjr
linquish (ja s.th.) IT to traverse, cross
Jj*- jiwär neighborhood, prozimity; (a s.th., Jl on the way to); to permit,
j\yc in the neighborhood of, in the vicin-
allow (* J to s.o. s.th.); to authorize
ity of, near, oloae to
(a J s.o. to do s.th., also * •); to lioense
•jjlf mujätoara neighborhood, proxim- (a s.th.); to approve, oonfirm, endorse
ity (a a decision, a judgment); to approve

_/U- jä'ir pl. »j_>»- jawara, IjU- jära

(a of s.th.), sanotion (a B.th.) V to toler-
ate, suffer, bear VI to pass (a s.th. or
unjuat, unfair; tyrannioal, despotia; ty-
by s.th.), go or walk past s.th. (*); to
rant, oppressor, deapot
go beyond s.th. (*), overstep, cross, leave
jjU mujäwir neighboring, adjacent; behind (a s.th.); to exoeed, surpass (*
near, close by; (pl. -ün) Student (esp. of also
J*); to go too far, overstep
s.th.,
AI Aznar Univeraity; living in the vicin- all bounds, encroach, make inroads; to
ity of the Mosque) pass over s.th. (ja), disregard (ja s.th.),

jdt. mujir proteotor pay no attention (ja to); to give up,

forgo, relinquish (* s.th.); to refrain (ja
jjU«i* mutajäwir having a common
from) VIII to pass, run, go (* through),
border; adjoining, adjacent, contiguous
cut aoross (*); to cross (a a border, a

«-jjj»- jawab pl. «-olj'r jotoärib 1 stocking; street, a mountain ränge); to traverse
sock (a a country or sea); to oover (* a dis-
tance); to pass {* through the mind;
WrJ^r 7
orJ*yö Georgia (republic of the said of ideas, thoughts) ; to go (a through
U.S.S.R.) hard times or a crisis); to surmount,

x
overcome (a a crisis) X to deem per-
x$jjr jüri damask rose (Rosa damascena,
miasible (a s.th.); to ask permission
bot.); crimson
jj*- jauz pl. jlj»-l ajwäz heart, center
"if Jj*r (Engl.) jüri jury
(of a desert, of a large area, etc.) jl^-l
| j
l
äza u jatoät, jL* majäz) to amid, in the middle of, in; »Lull j\ji~\ j
(Jjr) JW- ) ü!>r
pass, come, travel (* through); to pass (fa4a) in spaoe

(* an examination, a test); to be allowed, jij»- jatoäz permissibility, admissibility

permitted, permiasible ; to be possible, lawfulness, legality; permission, (official)

conceivable; to work, succeed (<S* with permit, Ucense, authorization; possibil-
s.o.; deceit, artifice) | <LJ-I <\* OjU- ity, conoeivability ; passing (of an exam-
(AUa) the trick worked with him, he ination) jiJ\ jl_^- j. as-aafar (pl. -dt)
|

feil for the trick II to perznit, allow (traveling) passport

->* 148

jlf majäz croasing; passage; corridor ^-U* (A«iuß) coconut; _*i)l j^*- ;'. 0/40»
(pol.-geogr.); metaphor, figurative expres- cocoon, ehrysalis of the ailkworm

sion (rhei.) |
IjU maj&zan, jUI J-y J» Ij^jr- jjteo (eg.) narghile
figuratively, metaphorically
tSjj*r iavxi nut (used attributively and
tfjljf majäzl figurative, metaphorical in Compounds); nut-brown, hazel

•jU-l ijäza pl. -öt permission, authori- 6

jU- look up alphabetically
zation; approval; license; = Fr. Ucenct
as an academio degree; permit; vaca- Jj>r ;'a«a»i pl. Jjljr jawdtiP young pigeon

tion, leave (of absenoe) _^J- 1 SjU-l i. cd-

|

(^^»-) ^U- jäsa u to peer around, pry

hafr grant of patent, isaue of letters
around, look around (J"iU. kiläla in);
patent; patent; <-L«*j SjU-l (guniuZiya)
to search, investigate, explore (* s.th.)
ezequatux of a consul (dipl.)\ «—-v* *jl*-'
VIII to search, investigate, explore (*
(maro^tya) siok leave; v*-»-*-*'
oljL-Vl
s.th.)
(madrasiya) sohool vacation; •jL-'i/lj Jli
on leave, on vacation J-_>*- jausaq pl. jJ^r jawäavf palace; man-
or, villa
•jjljf mujäwaza and Jjljf tajäwuz
crossing; ezceeding; overdraft, overdraw- U*j_>*- gawtfa pl. Julj*- pauxJ'tf
1
(ejj.) dowel,
ing (of an account) ; disregard (je- for)

relinquißhment (j* of s.th.)

(*>_j»-) s-L- ;ä*a u to be hungry; to starve
jü>-i i;Vtydz traversing, orossing; pas-
II to cause (• s.o.) to starre, starve out,
sage; transit; oovering (of a distance);
famish (» s.o.) IV do.
passing (of an examination) ; surmounting
(of diffioulties) fj*r ?•*' hunger, starvation |
Uy- oU
to starve to death
j-*U- jaiz permitted, lawful, legal; con-
jUj»- /au'tJn*, f.
^j»r 7 0U 'ä'> P*- f -er-
ceivable, thinkable
jiyfl" hungry, starved, famished
*j V
7'ä'ta» V^'J^yr jautfiz* prize, re-
«U majS'a pl. -ät famine
ward, premium V*'-»-* •-/**?
|
{diräüya)
stipend, scholarship «JU- jöV pl. £_L»- ;»yä*. £jr juww-'
hungry, starved, famished
Jljf mujäz licensed; licentiate (as an
academio title, = Fr. Ikencii; e.g., j jlif »i^f tojufT starving out
j-^LJ! licencii As aetences) «.U-l »ja'a starving out

« jj*. — -yj II to give in marriage tj^r- II to make hollow, hollow out (* B.th.>

O Jj*r iavz pl* j\yr °7*wSi5 = rJ J couple *jj*r 7 avf pl* *J'j*r' 7 **/ a u hollow, cav-

ity; depression; interior, inside, center,

j^jrt («yr.; pronounced maiwez, < abdomen; north (magr.)
heart; belly,
-jj- muzwaj) wind instrument with a
|

J»j»- j inside, in the interior of, in the

double pipe, correaponding to the Egyp-
tian zummära)
middle of ; J-Ui üjr J (/• *WoÄ) or ü^
JiJl (jaufa) in the middle of the night
Mjji.1 al-jauzä* Gemini (astron.)
inside;
inner, interior,
J_>**" Z»*4/*

;auz (coli.; n. un. «, pl. -ät) walnut subterranean, Underground, subsurface

*J**- |

»_^LJI jj*- j. af-fib nutmeg; >JJl j_y? j. cd- (of geological strata); northern (magr.) \

qa% nux vomica; -lAI J_>*- j. aZ-Atntf, j_>»- *Jj~- »L« ground water
 oyr

(Jij»-1 ajwaj 2 , f. »\iy- jaufä**, pl. ü»j»r ~*^j*r j&wwäla one given to roaming
;u/ hollow; empty; vain, futile, inane, or traveling; wanderer, wayfarer; Om <>~

pointless, senseless torcycle; cruiser

<Jajj£ tajwif pl. «Ju jLf tajäwif* hollow, Jl^ tajwäl migration, wandering, rov-
cavity ing, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism
iji^f mujawwaf hollowed out, hollow
öV>»- jawalän migration, wandering,
roving, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism)
3j*r jauq pl. jl_^-l ajwäq and ü_j»- ;auga
•ull oVj*- j. al-yad embezzlement, defal-
pl. -öi troop, group; theatrical troupe,
cation
operatic Company ; choir {mus.) ; orchestra,
band (also '-lJu^ja **yr) ] «Jj^-.l j^* mu" jLf majäl pl. -ät room, Space (J for
dir al-j. conductor, bandleader, choir s.th.); field, domain, ephere; scope, ez-
leader; J>^ll\ üj*- j. aS-Saraf Legion of tent ; reach; ränge; elbowroom, free scope;
Honor play, clearance; field (magn.) f
VLf i\J L.

tiJLiJI (Sakk) to admit of no doubt; V

'(Jj*-) JU- jäla u (jaul, Ü_j»- jaula, Jj_^ toj*
dJ ^*UJ jLf (majäla, fa'n) (it is) in-
twiJ, üVj»- jawalän) to roam, rove, wander contestable; Jljtl ti* j in this con-
about; to move freely, be at home (j in
nection; L»~J oUI JljM f±j (amämahü)
a field of learning), occupy o.e. (j with); to give b.o. a free hand, wide scope of
to be circulated, go the rounds; to pasa
action; is^*- J^f (hayawx) lebensraum;
(j, <-» through the mind) <-l_r JL- r
|
J**Jl jLf m. al- amal field of activity;
to preoccupy s.o., engross s.o.'s attention;
^.tk'J;,* jLf (magnafisi) magnetic field;
(*_^»ljc) s_^,U j J^ U what he is pre-
JLjM tJj-Siddatal-m. field intensity (mogn.)
occupied with, what is on his mind;
tajawvml roaming, roving, wan-
*JL» 3 ujJI JL- (dam', 'ainaihi) his Jjjf

eyes swam in tears; j «>b cJU- (yaduhü) dering, migration ; going out, moving
he laid his hands on, he committed de- about; patrol, round; (round) trip, tour;

falcations of IV to circulate, pasa a- traveling j Jj*dl V-* man" at-t. ourfew

round (* s.th.) | j ^J\ JL-I (ra'ya)

JJU- »jL bä'i'jä'il pl. j^UL- «L peddler,
to weigh e.th. thoroughly, ponder s.th. hawker
_/
kJI JU-I (nazara) to let one's eyes wander
J>*i* mutajawwil wandering, migrant,
about; to look around V to roam, rove,
roaming, roving, itinerant; ambulant;
wander about, move around; to patrol,
traveling; traveler | J>»«i* J-5j traveling
go the rounds; to cruise; to tour, travel

from place to place, travel about

salesman; J>*i* pb (6ai/yö') peddler,
hawker ; Jjȟ u-*-* (?*****) itinerant
3J_j»- jaula pl. -ät circuit, round; patrol; preacher
excursion, outing ; tour ; (round) trip
a
voyage, run {of a steamer); (round-trip) JJ_>»- look up alphabetically
flight (of an airplane) ; round (in sports)
JJp- poj/ golf (ep.)

Jj_>*- jawwäl wandering, migrant, itiner-

look up alphabetically
ant, roving; cruising; traveling; ambu- I*U-

lant; traveler, tourist; see also alpha-

^ifr fön P* ^Ivr' <»7«»n gulfi ialet, bay
betically |
Jl_j»- *lj rämin jawwäl pl. *Lj
~*^j*r Tumäh jawwäla riäeman (mit. ; Ujj*-, *^j*-, *Ljjt (It. gonneüa) goneüa pl. -Ö(

Syr.) (woman's) skirt (eg.)

*yr

«U- look up alphabetically l

V=f jaib pl. vj^r juyüb breaat, bosom,
heart; Bine (matA..); hole, hollow, cavity,
j*j*r II tajauhara to become subatance
excavation; pocket; purse }
,j*l£l t_-J-l

j*yr jauhar j*\yr jawähir* intrinsic,

pl. (fcö*?) the privy purse; u-J-J *lc* tamäm
essential natura, essence; content, Bub- ai-j., *|^ll *_--*- cosine (math.); ,_„M uU
atance (as opposed to form; philos,); pocket watch; •~>~i-) ü>j_-^» pocket money;
matter, subatance; atom; jewel, gern; V**"^' V_fc4-' {anflya) the nasal sinusea
pl. jewelry ^»>A-lj i-juj\ (zoi/) the spuri-
| (arnoi.); i.jLül vj^r ? al-invq äwama pook-
ous and the genuine ets of resistance (mtl.)

»j*y? /ottAara jewel, gern ^j»- jatW pocket (adj.)

jauhari substantial; intrinsio,

i£j*j*r 'y-»- jlp, i
r^r jib and ^_-j»- JjL- myyärat
essential, inhereut; fundamental, main, j. jeep
chief, principal; material; jeweler
£-* (ir.) <?t( a colorful ootton fabric, ohintz
jrjtsr jauharji jeweler
mugauharät (eg.) jewelry, trin-
1
-L»- j'id pl. jL*-I ajyäd, ^*- juyüd neck
^->Lr*>?
kets; jewela, gems "4^»- jayyid see ij».

l
iSj*r joiufiya a (jatvan) to be paasionately 8
jL*-, jL*-I see il_^- jawäd
stirred by love or grief
1 <j
J r jairi surely, truly, verily
iSj*r jüw-n ardent love, pasaion

2
iSj\*r look up alphabetically

ir* calcareous, lime (adj.)

jWjt — j'^jW - 1°°^ U P alphabetically ii>*- ?

jL*- jayyäT unslaked lime

(\yr) *^r ?*'° •J*, y**?'*'« (*j? maji) to come
(», * to); to get (* to), reach (* a place); jL«r jayyära limekiln
to arrive; to bring (<^> s.th.; <_> • to b.o.
V*- II to endorse {^n.)
a.th.); to bring forth, produce (v s.th.);

to set forth (*_> a.th.); to do, perform; j>*- (It. giro) endorsement {fin.)

to commit, perpetrate (* s.th.); to occur,

**j*-, o\jvr see jy-
be mentioned, be said (j in an article,

document or book); (with foll. imperf.) •jj»- ffiax Giza (city in NEgypt); abrand of
to be about or set out to do s.th. | j »L. Egyptian cotton
jl flj»Vl «Jj^*- thenewspaper "AlAhram"
(^ji**-) j3A» * joyaiän) to be ei-
reporta that ...; o\ ,^-jjIj ^ »U a report
cited,
tjil*- (^^-^ir
be agitated; to rage, storm; to
from Paria says that ...; 4fli3 C^»U
boil, simmer II to levy troops, mobilize
J üjlk> (mufäbiqatan) ita results coincided
an army X to raise, mobilize (* an army,
with ...
also, e.g., IjLaJl an^äran followers)
iL*- jl'a, jai'a Coming, arrival |
iL*-
^^Ju*- jaiS pl. (jJj-*- juyüS army, troops,
V^*ij (dakäb) coming and going, <_~»S
lUjj iL*- to pace the floor, walk up and armed forces | J-ib^VI ^/a*- occupation

down forces; J^L^-I ,_£**- army reserve; ^ji**-

^i)j» (muräbif) territorial army; ,Jj»-

»^ maji' coming, arrival, advent
iliVl j.al-inqä$ Salvation Army; ^-
L
oLJljLi al-jä'iyät the things to come »Lil al-masa dusk, evening twilight
 ,jiL»- jayyäS agitated, impassioned; ex- <J"^r (It. gelati) jeläti ice cream
cited, boiling up; ebullient; pleasurably
** jlm name of the letter r-
excited, happily stimulated

,>»- (Fr. jatne) corselet, sheath corset (e^.)

üUjj»- jayaaän excitement, agitation;
raging ^j*j?r jiyogräfiyä geography |
\J\
Ji.J Jr \

(Ja-»-) jU jäfa i, II and V to be putrid, stink

<öj-iJl (baSariya) anthropogeography

(decaying cadaver) Ij jv*>-»- jiyojlziyä geophysics

ii-*- jlja pl. u jiyaj, J»L*-! ajyäf ijL^j^-»- jiyofiziyai geophysical |

LJI
corpse, cadaver ÄJLj/j^J-l («ana) the geophysical year

JL»- £*H Czech jis*js*- jiyofiziqt geophysical

Ljt-jIj^ jiyolöjiyä geology

J-*-
?'»/ pl. JL»-I ajyäl people, nation, tribe;
generation; Century; epoch, era jiyolöji geologic(al)
^yrJjir

*U hä* nanie of the letter «> uhibbu an 1 should like to , . .; öl J ,_-*-!

j-UU ÄöfoSm rabbi

to like about s.o. that he . . . ; <l j<£ I
l^ V
j jf*i\ -U-U-l the chief
(kaira) he doesn't want him to be hap-
rabbi
py, he grudges him everythüig V to
JjJ*- see Jj*- show love, reveal one'a affections (Jl
to s.o.); to endear o.s. Jl to s.o.),
t/L*- hämx Hamitic (

make o.s. populär, ingratiate o.s. (Jl

öU- and llU- see j>*- with s.o.); to court, woo (Jl a woman)
VI to love one another X to like (* s.th.);
«JU- (pronounced 7wm£a) pl. t_J[j»- ÄauxSntfi 2
to deem (* s.th.) desirable, recommend-
(formerly 2Vn.) hamba, palace gendarme
able; to prefer
(J* * s.th. to s.th. eise)
of the Bey of Tunis
._-»- hubb love; affection, attachment |
OjJL*- see j^~
olJJl ._-»-&. a<f-rfä/seIf-love,amour-propre;

*._-»- habba i (hubb) to love, like II to evoke ^^Uai-Vl ._-»- curiosity, inquisitiveness;
(Jl in s.o.) love or a liking (<., m for s.th. jjLf^II ._-»- h. al-waian patriotism; J L».
or s.o.), make (
Jl s.o. ) love or like (hubban) out of love or affection for, out
(», * s.th. or s.o.); to endear (Jl * s.th. of friendship for ; j L*- in the desire to . .

to s.o.), make (* s.th.) dear, lovable,

<j»- hubbi friendly, amicable, loving;
attractive (Jl for h.o.), make (* s.th.)
Lj- hubbiyan in an amicable manner,
palatable, acceptable (Jl to s.o.); to urge
amicably; by fair means (jur.)
(Jl * s.th. on s.o.), suggest (Jl * s.th.

to s.o.) IV hubb, La mahabba) ._-»- Hibb pl, u->L*-l ahbäb darling, dear,
(._-»- to love,
like dearest (one)
(*, • s.o., s.th.); to wish, want,
or like, to do s.th. (jl) |
i! ,_-»-l
V^*- habäb aim, goal, end
 152

,_^ habib pl. »U-i ahibbä'*, l^\ *> II to produce seed, go to seed (plant) to ;

ahilba, v^*"' ahbäb beloved, sweetheart, bear seed (grain); to granulate, become
lover; darling; dear one, friend; dear granulated; to granulate (* s.th.) IV to
(Jl to s.o.); populär; <_j^*"^' the beloved produoe seed
onea, the dear ones i_^> habb {coli.; n. un. •) grains; seed;

ijij*- habiba pl. ^j^t*" tobä'ib*

sweet-
— pl. <--L^*~
hubüb grain, cereals, oorn;

woman seed(s); grains, kerneis; granules; pellets;

heart, darling, beloved
puls, pastüles; berries; acne, pustules,
,_^l ahabb 2 dearer, more desirable,
>jJI chufa (Cyperus es-
pimples |
._-•-

preferable (Jl to s.o.)

h. al-faqad
culentus L.; bot.); -üÄll ,_->

li*- habbadä (with folL nominative) chaste tree (Vitex agnus castus L.; bot.);

how nice, how lovely iß . . .! how good, i}j\l\ ,_->- croton seeds (seeds of Croton

how tiglium; bot.); (magr.) ehernes; ^-

excellent, perfect is , . .!
|
^ Ix*- JL4JI ^
T

nice it would be if . .
.; J*i_^ JW-' l-lj*- h. al-höl and (jl*^) öl«Jl ^*- h al-hän
-

h. l-hälu lau fa'ala it would be nice, or cardamom (Amomum cardamomum L.;

he would do well, if he did it; JU-1 li-— Ij bot.); ^LjJI ._->- h. al-gamäm hail, hail-

{hälu) that's just wonderfnl! stones

1^*. mahabba love; affection, attach- i-»- habba (n. un.; see also >_^- habb)

pl. -ät grain, granule; seed; kernel; pill,

ment | JL>J\ i-rf- m. al-wafan patriotism
pastille; berry; puBtule, pimple; trivial-
i_«^ tahdbbub courtship, wooing
ity, trifle; a square measure {Eg.; =
^U; tahäbub mutual love, concord, 58.345 m») ; pl. oU- beads (of the rosary) |

harmony _^*i <*- h. Salr a linear measure {Eg. ;

=
0.205 cm); *>1#- i-*- (AwJuw) aniseed; l+-
V^t* mahbüb beloved; dear; lovable,
»1*^- (^audä* 3 ) black caraway (Nigella
desirable; populär; favorite; beloved one,
aativaL. ;&<>(.); JU^I ü>U- grains ofsand;
lover; (pl. <-*ul£ mahaW) 1 gold )
piece,
Juli 5-*- A. al-'ain eyeball; pupil (of the
sequin (in Ottoman times; eg.)
eye); *_-ÜJl L#- h. al-qalb dearest one,
*ijT*- mahbüba Bweetheart, darling, beloved, darling
beloved woman
L[ ,,r Aa&aft blister
i_ ^ muhabbab agreeable, pleaaant,
/!;

desirable, lovable, dear (Jl to s.o.); nice,

i^ Au&ztöa pl. -ä* little grain, small
kernel; small pimple or pustule
likable

lSr^- hubaibi granulär, granulated |

,_-* mvhibb pl. -«n loving; lover;
^J.1 {ramad) traohoma {med.)
fancier, amateur, fan; friend |
^U <_^
x,J\

philanthropic(al), affable; JrjJl U^ oar - habhab (ooll.) watermelon (hij.)

dear friend; jtf^i j>4- friends of arche-

^_-»-L»- hubOhib firefly, glowworm
ology; *j"iJJ ^J- (li-dätihi) egoiflt

^ II to approve, think well (* of s.th.),

uUa. mutahdbb loving one another,
oommend (* s.th.); to applaud, acelaim,
conoordant
oheer (. s.o., * s.th.)
u_.r,-: M ' mustahabb (re)com mendable, do-
sirable (said of acta whose negleot is not
punished by God, but whose performanoo JL* tahbty approval; aoclamation, ao-

is rewarded ; Id. Law) ; well-liked, populär elaim, applause, chearing

 153

p- habara u (habr) to gladden, make happy, catch his breath , take s.o.'s breath
delight {» s.o.); — habira a (jj-*- hvbür) away Jüll ;
« j«*». A«6wa nu'a S-Sugl he
to be glad, happy II to embellish, refine, was committed to prison under hard
make workmanlike (»s.th.); to compose Iabor II to tie up inaiienably (* funds,
{ * s.th. ) in elegant style ; to write, for, esp. for a pious purpose), make
J*
compose (* s.th.) a religious bequest (*, for the benent of

j«- hibr ink jX\ *\ umm al-h. squid, J*) TU to be held back, be held up,
|
stop, be interrupted, intermit ; to restrain
cuttlefish; 3jj
J» s*- (waraq) mere ink
o.s., hold back Till to block, obstruct,
on paper, of no effeot (e.g., an agreement,
bar, confine (*, » s.o., s.th.); to detain,
a treaty)
hold in custody (*, * s.o., s.tb.); to hold
j»- habr, hibr pl. jL*-! ahbür a non- back, retain, suppress (*, * s.o., s.th.);
Muslim religious authority, learned man, to be detained, held up; to be impeded,
scribe ; bishop ; rabbi { Ji* V jJ-I 1 the Pope held back; to falter, break, fail (voice),
jL-Vl rf
-i- «t/r al-a. Leviticus (Old Test.) stop (breath)

jj* habn pontifical |

,jj-*~ ^l-tf u-y- habs (act of) holding or keeping
(quddäs) pontifical moss (Chr.) back, obstruction, check, repreasion
blocking off, barring, confinement; dam-
Sjjj». habnya office or dignity of a
ming up, staving off; safekeeping, ousto-
bishop, bishoprio, pontificate
dy, retention; imprisonment, arrest, de-
»j»- habara, hibara pl. -8t silken Bhawl tention, jailing; (pl. ^j^- hubüs) prison,
or wrap (worn in publie by lodies) jail J»U»-l (ihtiyäfi) detention
| is-t*-

jL» hab&r, hibär pl. -dt mark, trace (pending investigation) ; ^pl^Ul l_ r^- (in-

(esp. of blows), weit, wale firädi) solitary confinement; -b-li

u~u-
penal servitude
jjt*- hvbür joy
u-jj- hibs pl. ifl?»-! ahbüs dam, weir,
tfjL*- hubärü pl. CjLjLp- hvbärayüt barrage
bustard (zool.)
.j-jj- hubs, hubus pl. ijJ-*-! ahbüa (Tun.,
jj~£- yahbür bustard chick {zool.) Alg. t Mor. = toaqf) inalienable property
the yield of which is devoted to pious
'•j*£ mihbara, mahbara pl. yL* ma»
höbir* inkwell
purposes, religious bequest, {Fr. jur.)

"habous" |
j-U l_ r±*- ('ämm) publio habouB,
jj- habaaa i (habs) to obstruct, shut off, ,_^L»- j^*- (kä$s) private habous; L-**- OK*
confine (*, • s.o., s.th.), block, bar, hold
J* (= J* Liij öS*) to be entirely depend-
back, check (* s.th. j* from; also tears, ent on . .

laughter, etc.); to withhold (* j* from

i_i*- hvbsa speech defect, impediment
b.o. s.th.); to hold in custody, detain
of speech
( » s.o. ) ; to apprehend, arrest, jail,

imprison ij-t*- habis blocked-off, shut-off, barred,

(» s.o.); to keep, keep back,
confined, locked-up secluded ; bated
put aside, put away (J* * s.th. for); to
;

tie up, invest inaiienably (* capital)

(breath); choking (voice); (pl. »L-**- hw
|

baaü**) hermit
J* *_jI)
(J-jj-
(nafsahü) to devote o.s.

entirely to . . . ; j* »Oj ,_,-**- (yatZaAü) to jj-*.* mahbas, mahbia pl. ^L* ma»
take (s.th.) out from under s.o.'s power; häbis* place where s.th. is confined or
4-Lül cLs u-jj- (anfäsahü) to make s.o. locked up; jail, prison; (prison) cell
 ;

154
<jr~T

mihbaa device for shutting off or twist, twine, ttghten to knit

(_ ri* (* s.th.);

blocking off (* s.th.); to devise, contrive (* a p]an,

a plot) II to twist, twine, tighten {* s.th.)
<_a£ mo.hha.aa. hermitage
to fasten (* s.th.)
^L^l inhibäa seclusion, confinement;
etoppage > interruption; cessation <£_> habka fabric, tissue; texture,
structure
^L^-l ihtibäs retention.restraint; Inhi-

bition, impediment, obstruction, stop- tiL*- hubuk: dL*- h. an-nujüm

fj>^\
page the orbits of the celestial bodies
JjJI _r'-r> ihtibäs al-baul sup-
|
-'
(

pression of urine, ischuria <5~Lj- hibäka weaver's trade, weaving

ifjT*-
mahbüs shut-off (from the out- Jj^ mahbük tightly wo ven ; tight,
side world), isolated, secluded, confined, taut; sturdy, strong, robuBt, husky
locked'Up; imprisoned, captive; tied-up
tlLzt muhtabik interwoven, intersecting
(funds); (pl.
u-^\*^ Tnahäbis 2 ) prisoner,
prison inmate, oonvict 1
VIII to ensnare, catch in a snare {*, •
J»*-
s.o., s.th.)
rj^ muhabbia donor of a habous (see
( _

-a*- hübe) häbl pl. JL*- hibäl, J-»-l ahbul,

)J
J-*-
*_L cro^l al-muhabbaa 'alaihi bene- J^>- hubül, JL»-1 ahbäl rope, cable,

ficiary of a habous (see -a*- hubs) hawser; cord, string, thread; (pl. JL*-
)J

hibäl) beam, ray (e.g., of the sun, of

,j-j^* munhabia secluded, shut-off
Light)» jet (e.g., of water); vein; sinew,
^^lii-l al-habai Abyssinia, Ethiopia; (pl. tendon j
JjjJI
J?*-
jugular vein; jy-Jl J^l
^Lj-VI al-ahbää) the Abyssinians, Ethio- (aurri) umbilical cord; j^iJl J-J-l (SauH)
pia ns spine; iÖ^-* JL*- (sautiya) vocal cords;

LiU-l al-habasa (and «JLjJ-l j^j) Abys-

jSLA\ J^ ivy {bot); ,111 JL^ jets of

sinia, Ethiopia water; VJ Wi > Jr -1 1

<i*W) J J| a h*
(aflaqa) l-habla 'alä l-gärib to let things
,^1**- kaba&i pl. ^iL»-' ahbüi Abyssin-
go, slacken the reins, give a free hand,
ian, Ethiopian
impose no restraint; JJ-I «li^jl slackening

V*. habata i (i^*- hiibüt) and habipi a to of the reins, yielding; relenting; Vj^-*'

come to nothing, fail, miscarry, go wrong; *L»- idtaraba habluhü to get into a state

to be futile, be of no avail, be loat IV to of disorder, of disOrganization, of disinte-

frustrate, thwart, foil, defeat (> s.th., gration, get out of control; ,>0 J* I <_-«j

(la'iba, hablain) to play a double game,

J* * in s.th. s.o.; negotiations, efforts,

an attempt, etc.) work both sidea of the etreet

V*. habat scar of a wound, wale, weit iJ**-l uhbüla pl. J;jl»-1 ahdbil 2 snare,

S*^»- hubüt futility, failure

net; rope with a noose; pl. Jj^ tricks,

wiles, artificea, stratagems (in Order to

J»L*-t t'Aiöf frustration, thwarting, foil-
get s.th.)
ing
2
UL*- hibäla pl. J!t*- habä'il snare, net
^ habaq basil (bot.); (egr.) a variety of
J,,U häbil: JjUL JjU-i Ü£+\ (iktalafa)
speedwell (Veronica anagallis aquatica L.)
everything became confused, got into
•iL»- habaka i u {habk) to weave well and tight a state of utter confusion; p+LLij *«ijU-
{* s.th.); to braid, plait {* s.th.); to all together, all in a modley
 -

165

'J^- habila a (habal) to be or become preg- .Jo- hatf pl. J*>=*- hutüf death |
j* £*wj
nant, conceive n
and IV to make preg- <J\L> 4-o- (Jl ,^-j) yabhatu r an (yas'ä ilä)

n&nt (U a woman) hat/ihi bi-züfihi he brings about his own

J^ Aa&aJ conception; pregnancy destruction, digs his own grave; <Jt>- üL
<ij\ mala hatfa anfihl he died a natural
J^- AuA&J pl. JL*. habäkt and Ü^Lj- death
habläna pregnant

-U- hatama i {hatm) to decree, make neces-

,>*- Aa&an dropsy
sary, prescribe > s.th. for s.o.),
(J*
üLf^»- (ül^JI ^_-*- Aa&6 aJ-Mn) cardamom (Arno- make duty, a necessity
(* s.th.) a
(J* for
mum cardamomum L.; bot.) s.o.); to impose, enjoin
(J* * s.th. upon
s.o.); to decide, determine definitely
(j-*-) L*- AaM u (Aa6u>) to crawl, creöp; to
{i_j B.th.) II to decree, make necessary,
present (* • b.o. with s.th.), give, award
prescribe J* * s.th. for s.o. ), make
(* * to b.o. s.th.) III to be obliging ( to (

(* s.th.) a duty, a necessity J* for s.o.)

s.o.), show one's good will (»toward s.o.); (

V to be necessary; to be s.o.'s
(J»)
to favor (• s.o.); to side (» with s.o.),
duty, be incumbent (J* upon s.o.)
bepartial (»tos.o.);to show respect, def-
erence (• to s.o.) VIII to sit with one's legs ^*- hatm pl. *js»- hutüm imposition,
drawn up and wrapped in one's garment injunction; final decision, resolution, de-
termination; £»- hatman decidedly, defi-
~*y*- hibwa, hubwa, habwa gifb, present
nitely, necessarily, inevitably
»L*- hibä' gift, present
(_j*^*- hatmi decided, definite, final,
•LL£ muhßbäh obligingness, complai-
conclusive, definitive, unalterable, irrev-
sance, courtesy; favor(ing), favoritism,
ocable, inevitable
partiality
L*i»- hatmtya decidedness, definite
C-*- hatta u {hau) to rub off, scrape off, scratcb neas, definitiveness, determinateneas, un-
off (* s.th.)
alterableness ; necessity
o- hitta pl. c^*- hitat (eg.) piece, bit,
i-*i*-V lä-hatmlya indeterminism (phi-
morsel
lo*.)

Jß- hattä (prep.) until, tili, up to, as far *y£- mahtüm imposed, enjoined, ob-
as; (conj.; with perf.) until, so that; (with
ligatory; determined,
subj.) until, that, so tbat, in order that ;
— minate, unalterable, inevitable; destined,
definitive, deter-

(particle) even, eventually even; and

predestined, ordained (fate)
even; ji J»- even if; (with preceding
negation) not even, and be it only . . .
lA muhattam imposed, enjoined, oblig-
atory; determined, definitive, determi-
oli*- hutdt scraps; morseis, crumbs
nate, unalterable, inevitable; destined,
öl*: tahätt corrosion predestined, ordained (fate)

-U*- hatida a (hatad) to be of pure origin I*«i. mutahattim absolutely necessary;

m£- mahtid descent, origin, lineage

imperative (duty)

»j^- hutra small piece, bit, trifle

jü>- hitär pl. j%*~ hutur border, edge, U»- hatta u (hatt) to urge, incite, prompt,
fringe, surroundings, vicinity goad, spur on, egg on, prod, provoke,
 .

156

impel (• s.o., J* to do s.th.) |

*U«^ *i-*- '**•* mahajja pl. A* mahäjj 1
destination

(JptiOhu) to quicken one's pace, hurry of a pilgrimage, object of pilgrimage,

(Jl to a place); Si^ <^~ itoniqq) to Bhrine; destination (of a journey); goal;

hurry, hasten; <u..tf ii-*- (gwiamotAi) to road; way; procedure, method **«* |

quicken one's pace, break into a run ^I^JI m. a^-^awOb the Right Way, the
VHI and X = I Str&ight Fath; Jj-J-I *j*£ railroad

£d>- hatit fast, rapid, quick r\? htf&j argument, dispute, debate

O *JU- hät&a hormone £>+£ tahajjuj argumentation, plead-

ing, offering of a pretezt, pretenae, ex-
'J- Ai£/i Hittite (n. and adj.)
cuse

ÄJli»- Autfia dregs, lees, Sediment; scum ~l*=»-l ihtijäj pl. -äi argumentation;
(flg.); offal, discard, scrapa |
./.jJ-l ÜLi*. pretezt, excuse, plea, pretenae; proteat,
aük eombings remonstrance (J* against), objection,
exception (J* to)
(ji».) li*. Ao£3 u (Aafw) to strew, scatter,
^u. htijj pl. ^ijp hujjaj, gje hajij
spread, diaperse (* a.th.)
pilgrim; hadji, Mecca pilgrim, honorific
**- hajja v to overcome, defeat ( s.o., title of one who has performed the pil-

with argumenta, with evidence), confute grimage to Mecca

(• s.o.); to convince {« s.o.); — (hajj) to
je hajaba t* (hajb) to veil, cover, screen,
make the pilgrimage (to Mecca), perform
the hadj m to dispute, debate, argue, shelter, aeclude (J*»a.th. from); to hide,

reason (• with s.o.) YI to argue against obscure (j* * a.th. from s.th. elae, e.g.,

from sight); to eclipee, outshine, over-

eaoh other, carry on a dispute, to debate;
to take counsel Vm to advance (<-> s.th.) shadow (• s.o.); to make impercepttble,
invisible (j* * a.th. to); to conceal (j* *
as-an argument, plea, excuae, or pretezt;
to allege in Bupport or vindication, s.th. from s.o.); to make or form a Sepa-

plead (w s.th.); to vindioate, juatify (J ration (,>jj — ,>> between — and)

a.th.) ; to protest, remonstrate ( J* against), n to veil, hide, conceal; to hide from

object, raise objectionB (J* to) aight, koep in aeclusion (U a vornan);

to disguiae, mask (»_> * s.th. with) Y to
*» hajj and 'de hijja pl. -4t, mT hide (j* from), from
conceal o.s., flee
hijaj pilgrimage; hadj, the officio! Muslim conceal
Bight, veil o.a. VII to veil o.b.,
pilgrimage to Mecca i*i-l jj {Zu l-hijja
|
o.a.; to be oovered up, become hidden,
Zu'lhijjah, the last month of the Ialamio
Y1H to become
be obsoured vanish,
calendar
invisible, disappear from eight; to veil
de hujja pl. £* Aujo; argument; o.b., conceal o.a., hide; to become hidden,
pretenae, pretezt, plea; proof, evidence; be conoealed (j* from); to withdraw;
document, writ, deed, reoord; authorita- to elude perception; to cease orinterrupt
tive souroe, competent authority |
***» publioation (newspaper, periodical)
ul under the pretenae that . . . , on the keep-
<_jp hajb seclusion ; Bcreening off;
plea . . . , on the pretext of . .
ing away, keeping off

r-Lp hajäj pl. ~de\ ahijja circumorbital <~>ljp hijäb pl. ^Jt hujvb, *J?\ ah'
ring (anat.) jiba cover, wrap, drape; curtain; wom-
p£- mdhajj destination (of a jonrney) an's veil ; screen , partition , folding
 157

screen; barrier, bar; diaphragm (also j»+£- mahjir, mihjar, mahjar pl. j~\£-
j»-U-l L-»UJ-i; anat.); amulet mahäjtr* {— ,>JI j*4- m. al-'ain) eye
socket; see also below
<>\je hijäba office of gatekeeper
ju*^ tahjir interdiotion, prohibition,
(_jU^j-I ihtijäb conoealment, hidden-
ban; see also below
ness, seclusion; veiledness, veiling, pur-
dah jj*>^-' mahjür pl. j**-l* mahäjlr* (and
4-U jjj*£) one placed under guardian-
^
r*-U- häjib concealing, Screening,
ship; minor; ward, oharge
protecting; (pl. <~>\>**-fyujjäb, Im- ha jaba)
doorman, gatekeeper; chamberlain; order- *JE n to petrify, turn into stone (* s.th.);
ly (Syr., mü.); (pl. -*-]>*- hawäjib
2
) eye- to make hard as stone (* s.th.) V to turn
brow |
*\ji\ <-*»-U- h, al-hawd' airtight, to stone, petrify, become petrified
hermetio
je hajar pl. j\jc\ ahjör, »j\je hijära, jLf
Vj*»* mahjüb concealed, hidden, hijär stone ; weight (placed as an equipoise
veiled on the scale of a balance) ^L-^/l _/»J-l
|

(aaäsi) the foundation stone, cornerBtone,

X
JE hajara « (hajr, hijr, hujr, ö\je hijrän,
^UVI_^J-I *J>j {wa$') laying of the cor-
hujr&n) to deny access (J* to s.o.); to
nerstone; ^^Jl JE h. al-baläl flagstone,
stop, detain, hinder (J* or • b.o.); to
forbid, interdict J* * s.th. to s.o.), pro-
paring stone; ^- Je h. jahannam lunar
{
caustic, eilver nitrate ; j*jU JE h. al-jir lime-
hibit
(J* s.o.) from doing s.th. {*); to
stone; JlfJI j*»l-\ or JlfJI JE (summäqi)
place s.o.) under guardianship, declare
(J* porphyry; j^-VI >^J-i {aswad) the Black
J* s.o.) legally incompetent
(
Stone (of the Kaaba); ü-slilt JE hema-
JE hajr restriction, curb(ing), check(ing), tite (min.); «^wJl je h. al-'atra stum-
obatruction, impeding, limitation, cur- bling block; <i-->UJI JE philosopher's
tailing
(J* of s.th.); barring, ciosing, stone; O j*5JI
J? h. al-qamar eelenite;
de barmen t, preclusion; detention; block-
f.^J* and ,>j JE preciouB stone, gern
ing, confinement, Containment, suppres- j»J-\ »J* (tob'} Üthograph;_^J-i **U»
J*
sion (as a protective measure); interdic- lithography
tion, pixihibition, ban ; revocation, or
tjJE hajarl Btony , Btone ( adj . ) |

limitation, of s.o.'s J*) legal competence

( |
<Sj*+i-\ ^a*J! ('(ty) the Stone Age; j-*«JI

if* j? ($*#**) quarantine

^i-j.U-1 j^^J-1 the Neolithio period; _r*»Jl
JE hijr forbidden, interdicted, pro- /.Uli tj^nJ-l the Paleolithic period
hibited; lap; (pl. jLtl ahjär, jJe hnjür,
_^t hajir stony, petrified
«jjjt hujüra) mare
jljt hajjür stone mason, stone cutter
•JE hujra pl. hujarät, je hujar room;
cell; (railroad) aompartment; Chamber |
_^»*tf. ma/ijir pl. _^-l* mahäjir* (stone)

jlküVl »J? waiting room; *_yi\ Ije h. quarry

an-navm bedroom; *-»-^UJl Ö/^i-l (fallä*
jj*£ tahjir petrification; stone quar
hiya) Chamber of agriculture rying

>nl*. mahjar pl. j~-\£- mahäjir* military ^»•rf. tahajjur petrification

hospital, infirmary; prison, jail, dungeon |
jp**£m mutahajjir petrified
y"*
(
j*+£- (fihhi) quarantine, quaran-
tine Station jy*^ mtutahjir petrified
 - ,

158

'j: hajaza u i (hajz) to hold back, restrain, Jjt hajl, hijl pl. i}j? hujül, Jlfl ah*

hinder, prevent jp * s.th. from); to jäl anklet

(

keep away (je * s.th. from); to block

J* hajal (coli.; n. un. I) pl. ö^f
(off), close, bar; to isolate, insulate, con- hijlän, partridge; mountain
Jj£ hijlä
fine, seclude; to make inaccessible; to partridge, mountain quail
set apart; to separate (jo two things);
iLt hajala pl. Jl* hijäl curtained
to arrest, detain; to seize, Sequester,
canopy, or alcove, for the bride |
obj
impound (J* or * s.th., e.g., b.o.'s
JU»i-l ra^bät al-h. the ladies
property, salary); to confiscate, safe-

guard (* s.th.); to reserve (* s.th.); to IUJ-1 i-J labat al-hajla hopscotch

make a reservation (* for a theater aeat, mw/wj;a/wearinganklets(woman);

J*ȣ
a steamer cabin, a ticket, etc.) VIII to
white-footed (horse); bright, brilliant,
retain for o.s., reserve to o.s. {* s.th.)
radiant; unique, singular, esp. in the
phraae (agarr 2 )
ist hajz curbing, prevention, re- J^y-'
straint seclusion, confinement, Con-
;
Jt hajama u (hajm) to cup {» s.o.; med.)
tainment, isolation, insulation, Separa-
IV to recoil, shrink, flinch (je from);
tion; arrest, detention, seizure, confisca-
to desist, abstain , refrain (
j* from )
tion, Sequestration (Je of s.th.); reser- to withdraw, retreat
forbear (je s.th.)
^
;

vation (of seats) |

hji-\ h. tü-hurriya
** Jiajm pl. (*^t hujüm, A^\ ahjam
deprivation of liberty, unlawful detention,
{alqä) to confis- bulk, size, volume; caliber (of a cannon)
duress (jur.); Je ^^J-l Jil
|

cate a.th.
**«A-I jS bulky, sizable, massive

jUJ-l al-hijäz Hejaz, region in W a\JP hajjäm cupper

Arabia, on the Red Sea coast <*\je hijäma cupping, scarification, art

jjljp hijäzi of or pertaining to Hejaz.;

of cupping

(pl. -an) an inhabitant of Hejaz -j^ mihjam, 1***^- mihjama pl. *r^-
mahäjim 2 cupping glass
j*-U häjiz and »j^-U pl. jr]y~ hawä*
jiz
2
obstacle, hindrance, impediment, (•1^1 ihjäm desistance, abstention; re-

obstruction; partition, screen, dividing straint, aloofness, reserve

wall; block, blockade, road block; fence,

jz hajana i (hajn) to bend, curve, crook
gate, railing, balustrade ; hurdle ; bar,
(*s.th.) VIII to snatch up, grab (*s.th.),
barrier; barricade | ^r^' v^' ^~
phragm (anat.); Q ^V >rU- break
take hold (« of a.th.)

wate.r; (Ä-f^J-l) ii^ jr^ 1 (qumruqiya, j*l ahjan 2 curved, crooked, bent

gumrukiya) customs barriers; O •J^-^*- j^£ mihjan pl. Jr ^ mahäjin

1
2
staff or

JaJj-JI lightning rod stick with a crooked end, crosier; hook

O approx.:
sr^~ <^o* muwazzaf häjiz (j£) \jj- -o lf hajä hihi kairan to think
baUiff
well of s.o., have a good opinion of s.o.
III to propose a riddle (• to s.o.); to
1
ü*-l*£ muhäjafa singlestick fencing
speak in riddles, be enigmatic
1
J»Utl ihjäf = öl* I

\je, je hijan pl. »1*1 ahjä* intellect,

hajala u i {hajl, 0"** hajalän) to hop, brains, understanding, discernment, acu-

Jf
gambol men, sagacity, wit, intelligence
leap; to skip,
 ; ;

159

J~ hajiy appropriate, suitable, proper aaperated (J* with); to be agitated, be

for upset, be in a atate of commotion

(v )

J~\ ahjä more appropriate, more A>- hadd pl. ijA- hudüd (cutting) edge
suitable, more proper; more correct, (of a knife, of a sword) ; edge, border,

better brink, brira, verge; border (of a country),

boundary, borderline; limit (flg.), the
üJtl ithjiya pl. ,j*-l*-i ahäjiy, ^l*-l
utmost, extremity, termination, end,
ahäjin riddle, puzzle, enigma
terminal point, terminua ; a (certain)

l^ hakäm U-U- (look up alphabeti- measure, extent, or degree (attained)

cally) (math.) member (of an equation), term
(of a fraction, of a proportion); divine
J*. Jiadda u (hadd) to sharpen, hone (* a
ordinance, divine atatute; legal punish-
knife); to delimit, dclineate, demarcate,
ment (Isl. Law) |
Ai- li-haddi or a>- Jl
mark off, stake off (* land, j* from); to
until, tili, up to, to the extent of, A- Jl
set bounda (* to s.th.), limit, restrict,
jS'I ai, jS'I li-h.l-äna up to now, sofar;
confine {* a.th.); to irapede, hinder,
(haddin) to a certain degree,
eurb, check (j* or a a.th.); — t (lx>-
L. A*- Jl

hidda) to becorae furioua, angry (J* at): — to a certain extent; _-_5 A>- Jl, -L*j A>~ Jl
to a considerable extent or degree,
t u {s\±>- hidäd) to wear mourning,
considerably, extensively ; A- ^1 Jl
mourn (J* the
deceased) II to sharpen,
{ayyi haddin) how far, to what degree or
hone (* a knife); to forge (* a.th.; syr.);
extent; *J x>- V (JwtWa)boundlo33, infinite,
to delimit, demarcate (* a.th.); to
unbounded, unlimited; A*- "^ bi-lä haddin,
aet bounda (* to s.th.), circumscribe,
A>- j-i- Ji ilä gairi haddin boundlesa, un-
mark off, delincate aharply ; to liinit,
limited, without limita; »1^ A>-
J* 'alä
reatrict, confine (j- or * s.th.); to dcter-
haddin snwä'in, ^f A*-
J* 'alä h. siwan
mine, appoint, aasign, achedule, lay down,
in the aame manner; equally, likewiae;
set down, establiah (* s.th.); to fix (*
A- J* (haddi) according to, commensurate
e.g., pricea); to define (* s.th.) |
jJ*-
with; 4jI i -i*- j fi haddi dätihi and .oli a£
fl^^aj (baqarahü) to dart aharp glances;
in itaelf, aa auch; J*Vi Al~\ {a'lä), aL\
to acrutinize (j s.th.), look sharply (j at
^«jVI {aq-?ä) the raaximum; ja^l Ai-\
s.th.) III to oppose (*, * s.o., a.th.),
{adnä) the minimum; <£jf- A>- ('umri) age
act contrary ( * , » to a.o., to s.th. ),
limit; {jA*- ji du haddain two-edged;
contravene, counteract, violate (* s.th.)
ijA*- j (hu/lüdi) within, within the frame-
IV to ßharpen, make sharp (* s.th.) j

work of; »ijA*- ^^jI iJL (aq$ä hudüdihi)

Jl ^kJI Ar-\ (nazar) to look sharply
to attain ita higheat degree; «il .jj-U-
at, atare at ; »j-oi A- 1
(
basarahü ) to
the bounds or restrictions tbat God has
dart aharp glances; to acrutinize (j
i man's freedom of action
s.th.), look sharply (j at a.th.); a*-\

»j^i ^ [bagarihi) to glance sharply; — to Ix*- hidda sharpness, keenneas; pitch

put on garmenta of mourning V to be (of a tone); djatinctivcnesa, raarkedness
delimited, be delineated, be bounded, be vehemence, violcnce, impetuoaity; fury,
circumacribed; to be dctermincd, be rage, wrath, ire, anger; excitability,

eatablishcd, be aet down, be scheduled, irascibility, passionateness

be fixed ; to be defined, be definable
lAf- hida aee a>-j
VIII to be or become angry; to become
infuriated, be furioua at), be ex- sAr- hadad forbidden
(J*
 .

160

s\a*- hidäd (act of) mourning { J* over) j

delimited, determinate, fixed, definite,
T
jloJ-l uji taui al-A. garmenteof mourning; definitive |
J*il iji£ m. al-ma na un-
i-^Jl jIju- A. al-baläf court mourning ambiguous ; j^iJl jj^ wi. a^-^famdn

ijO»- Aodid iron; pl. OjIju- Atu&l'tf1

of limited Uability; (*JjLA\) UjlA «T^i
{Urica) limited Company, oorporation
iron parts (of a structure) ; forgings, hard-
ware, ironware | * U- -b-i*- crude iron, pig jo£ muhaddad sharpened, aharp ; deter-
iron, iron ore; O Pj^* -4^*- (mut&wi") mined, fixed, appointed, deatined (J for);
wrought iron; Jap JjA*- (faß) unprooessed strictly delimited, clearly defined
iron, pig iron; .uJ-l _^J» «aAr aZ-A., ij.u-
is* muhtadd angry, furious, exaaper-
_^ii\ caat iron; OjOJ-1 äSL- eikkat al-fr.
ated
railroad; ajL -b.u- j <-•./»* see i_j_p>

-u-u- hadid pl. aI.w Aüidrf, »l.wl ahid* iljj- AüTa, pl. I.U. A«fa', »l.u- Aidd*, jT-u-

da1 *, Ij*-\ ahidda sharp (knife, eye, hid'än kite (zool.)

tongue, etc.). keen (mind) Aada'a

•I.U- pl. »l-u- Aidd* double-bladed
a*- I dfyadd 1 aharper, keener ; more axe
vehement, more violent
<_*u- AodtÄa a (Aadai) to be oonvex, dome-
•OjO«- hadida pl. o^to*. had&id* pieoe of shaped, cambered, bent outward; to be
iron; object or tool made of iron J hunchbacked; to be nice, kind, friendly
ijj-l iJj.u- A. al-hart plowshare; »ij Ji- 1
J* (J*-
or y to s.o.), be solicitous (J*
(ep.) in financiai straita, pinohed for money or i_j about b.o.), care (J* or o> for

j-b-U- Aadidi iron (adj.) |

*j-Aj>w *£- s.o.), take care (J* or y of b.o.) II to

(riifcifea) railroad make oonvex, emboaa, camber, vault,

curve, crook, bend (* B.th.) V and XII
JOjOJ-I al-hudaida Hodeida (seaport in
ihdaudaba to be crooked, vaulted,
W Yemen)
«~Oj-*"-'

oambered, embossed, convex

jl.u- haddüd ironsmith, blacksmith
»_>.u- hadab affection, fondneaa, love;
ol-u- Atdäia amithcraft, artofsmithing
kindlineas; Bolicitude, care; (pl. l^Iju-

0j4^ tahdld pl. -0J Umitation, delimi- hidäb, t^lov-l ahdäb) elevation of the
tation ; delineation, demarcation ; re- ground | ojj~<j <-*u- JS"j> (wa-^aubin) or

striction, curb, oonfinement ; determina- V-l*-jVj-» J^ ö* fr° m aU sidea, fxom all

tion, fixation, appointment; definition |
directiona, from everywhere; vj** J^* J

ü-udl J* and -b.udl a^j J* (wa?'A» V^j everywhere, in every quarter, on all

*-*.} to be exact Btrictly speaking

. . . ,
. . ßidea

jU- Addd sharp (also, flg., of a glance), <_*u- hadib curved, cambered, vaulted,
keen (mind); high-pitched (tone); vehe- convex; hunchbacked; kindly, friendly
ment, fiery, impetuous; fierce; vivid;
ij.u- hadaba hunchback, hump; camber,
acute (illness) |
^Ijli jU- h. al-mizäj,
vaulting, curvature
UJI iU- A. a$-fa&* hot-blooded, hot-
headed, hot-tempered, irascible ; «jU- *j jij v a^l oAdab 9 , f.»L-u- hadba' 1 , pl-v^
<zdi«ya) acute angle; jU-1 c^ aubacute Awß hunchbacked, humped; — (elative)

kindlier, friandlier
jjj* moArfüd bounded, bordered (^
by); circumscribed, confined; limited i^o^ muAoAiai embossed; cambered,
(= small, e.g., number, knowledge, etc.); oonvex
 161

Jj-U- hadafa u (£*j-U- hudüt) to happen, occur, j-JI u-j-U- h. aa-sinn young; -i^Jl li-j-U- h.

take place, come to pass; — haduta u al-'ahd of recent date, recent, new, young;
(<}l.u. hadäta) to be new, recent; to be i_j o^JI £j-u-, l-j A+e £j.u- (A. 'aAitn)

young II to teil, relate, report (* to s.o., having adopted or acquired (s.th.) recent-

u or i s.th., j, ^ about); to speak, ly; not long accus tomed to (s.th.), inex-

talk ( • to b.o., ^ or j about, of ) |

perienced at (s.th.), new at (s.th.), newly,
4_Lj *jj*. haddatahü galbukü and cJa*- e.g., »jVjJI; J^JI £j4»- (hi-l-wiläda) now-
<_ij haddatathu nafsuhü his heart, born, r-lj^JL Xfi\ ^^*- (bi-z-zawdj) new\y
his innermost feeling told him (^ wed; Ijjjk -*+J' £j-u- ulf he had not
s.th.); v *—* -jJ*"
l {nafwkü) to talk known Europe until recently

o.s. into (s.th.), try to believe s.th. or

ijj*- hadit pl. ijjUl ähäält 1 , ÜÜ-u- AkJ*
see s.th. (as factual); to resolve, make up
Mji speech; chat, chitchat, amall talk;
one's mind to do s.th.; Ol <-jJ hi>J*-
conversation, talk, discussion; interview;
he said to himself, told himself that . .
prattle, gossip ; report, aecount, tale, nar-
III to speak, talk (^ or j * to s.o.
rative ; Prophetic tradition, Hadith, narra-
about s.th.); to discuss (j* or j • with
tive relating deeda and utterances of bhe
s.o. s.th.), converse (^ or j • with s.o.
Prophet and his Companions £j.U-
|

about); to negotiate, confer (• with s.o.);

**\j*- h. huräfa fabulous story, silly talk;
to address, accost (• s.o.); to call up {*
yj-oi £j.u- {qudsi) Muslim tradition in
s.o., by telephone) IV to bring forth,
which God Himself speaks, as opposed to
produce, create, originate (* s.th.); to
jjj ij J*. (nabawi) an ordinary Prophetic
found, establißh (*e.th.); to bring about,
tradition; Jd\ £j.U-
(J
h. an-nafs s.th. one
cause , occasion , provoke , effect (*
talks o.s. into; premonition
B.th.); to drop excrement | tf-U- i.u-1
(hadatan) to bring about s.th. ; to cauw il>jO*- hudüt setting in (of a State or
or do s.th., esp., s.th. evil, do mis-
condition), oecurrence, ineidence (of a

chief V to speak, talk (Jl to s.o., je, -_j

phenomenon); oecurrence, ineident, hap-
pening
or j about or of s.th.), converse, chat

(Jl or u with s.o., jp, uor j about s.th.) *jl-u- hadäta newness, recency, novelty;
VI to talk with one another, converse, youth, youthfulness
have a conversation X to renew {* s.th.);
il*a»-l ahdaf newer, more recent
to buy new (* s.th.); to introduce, start,
jAjJl jÜ-U- hidtän (or hadat&n) ad-dakr
invent, originate, create (* s.th.); to
misfortune, adversities, reverses
find or deem (• s.o.) to be young
4jj.u-l uhdüta pl. J-jjU-1 ahädit3 speech;
djJ*- hadat pl. i!>l-U-t ahdät a new, un-
discussion, talk, conversation; chatter;
precedented thing, a novelty, innovation;
fabling, fibbing; topic, subjeet of a con-
event, ineident, oecurrence, happening;
versation ; gossip, rumor (about a person)
phenomenon; evil Symptom; misdeed; |

misfortune; ritual impurity {Id. Law)*,

oj-U-Vl J-*- hum
al-u. praise (of s.o.);

y;.u-VI *y *ü* al-u. slander, defamation

excrement, feces; (•p\.<L>\i*-\,ö\5i*-hudtän)
young man, youth; il-U-i juveniles ojl£ muhädata pl. -öt discourse, con-
versation, discussion, talk, parley
<±o-u- hadit pl. il-U- hidät, »U.U. hu*

daUS % new, novel, recent, late; modern; il-u-l ihdät produetion, creation, in-
Ijja*- haditan recently, lately |
*LJl £j.U- vention, origination; causation, effectu-
h. al-ötnä' new - built, recently built ation
 162

ihdwiy&t co-ordinatee to cause (* s.th.) to descend; to drop

oLJI^-l (pl.)

(a s.th.); to ahed (* teara); IjJb- ji*-

(math.) | AiiyF oLlli^l {'amüdiya) ordi-
S-ül iLSI.u-1 (ufqlya) abscisaas {hadran) to rattle off, expreaa quickly
natea;
(math.) (an utterance, a. thought); — (hadr)

to come down, step down, deacend; to

ti.IJb.iJ istihdät invention, creation,
glide down, swoop II to drop (* s.th.);
production, origination
to lower, incline, dip (* s.th.) V to
ioU hädü occurring, happening, taking deacend gradually; to glide down; to
place; new, recent; freßh; — (pl. £>*])*- come down, descend; to flow down
hawädit2 , also -&t) occurrence, incident, (tears); to derive, atem, originate (,j*

event, happening; episode; case (jur.); from) VII to come or go down, de-
accident, mishap | jj'J ioU a cose of acend; to glide down, Bink down; to be
forgery; ioliJ üt£L. makän al-h. Bite of in decline, be on the downgrade, to
action, ecene of the crime, locus delicti decline, wane; to flow down (tears); to

i\iU- hädita pl. •tj^y hauädit 1 occur- slope down, alant down, be inclined (ter-

rence, event, happening; plot (of a rain) ; to come (

Jl to a place), arrive (
Jl at)

play) incident, epieode accident, mishap

; ; [ jj*. hadr rapid recitation of the Koran
jjjii ojU h. al-murür traffic accident (a terminus technicua of tajwxd)

iirf. mnhaddit pl. -ün apeaker, talker; jjj+- hadür slope, downgrade, declivity,
Bpokesman; conversation partner, inter- declivitoua terrain
locutor ; relator, narrator a tranamitter of ;

jjj. tahaddur deacent, slant, Blope,

Prophetic traditions, traditionary, repre-
inclination, incline, declivity
sentativeof the science or study of Hadith
inhidür slant, dip, pitch, inclina-
(eee above); O phonograph, gramophone j\jJ-\

tion, descent, slope ; declivity; fall (of a

iOrf- muhdat new, novel, recent, late;
river); decline, waning; ruin, decay, de-
modern; upstart, nouveau riche; oy^\
cadence
the Moderne
jiU- hädir thick
J>j*-i. mutahaddit apokeaman, Speaker
j.Uju mutahaddir descending, slanting,
w»u*^—. mustahdat new, novel; — (pl.
downward
ßloping
-öi) novelty, innovation; recent invention,
j.Uw munhadir deBcending; lowered,
modern produet; neologism
dipped; alanting, aloping, declivitous
and to stare, look sharply
r a*- hadaja i II
(terrain); declining, waning, being on
(*, * at s.o., at a.th., often with a^-»-*
the downgrade, in a State of decadence or
bi-baearihi or »Jüj bi-nazarihl) decline; run-down, aeedy, down-at-the-

r-i*- hidj pl. gj-b- hwlüj, ^1-u-t ahdäj heela, down-and-out

load, bürden, enoumbranoe j .Uw munhadar pl. -öl depression slope, ;

talus, incline, descent, declivity ; fall

£jb- y\ abü hudaij stork
1
(of a river)
4fl4p- hid&ja pl. £-t*- ^adäN'? camel
saddle ^j*- hadaea i u (hada) to surmise, guess,

conjeeture (* a.th.)
jj^ hadara, hadura u (hadr, Ij\j*- hadära)

to be thick; hadara u — i {hadr, jjJb- ,»-1*- hada aurmiae, guess, conjeeture;

hudür) to bring down, lower (* s.th.); O intuition

 .

163 jj»-

D Ji'i- haddäf (< J»li~), iijTLil Jil-U- («yr.) 1

D »j-u- AWuw horseshoe
Shuttle (weaving)
'(ji- and ^.u-) I.U- hadä u (Aadw, »Ij«. AiWd',
üli*- JjLi» pära haddäfa (syr.) flywheel hidä*) to urge forward by singing {*

1 cameis) ; to urge, spur on, egg on, prompt,

Jo»- Aa<2aga t (hadq) to Surround, encircle,
encompass (<_j s.o., s.th.) (with *i-k>
instigate, induce, more (<^i or * s.o.,
;

bt-'ainihi) to look, glanoe (. at s.o.) II to Jl to s.th., to do s.th.); lj l-U- to insti-

gate B.th.; to sway, rock, roll (rider,

look, glance, gaze, stare (Jl or j at,
camel); to Bwing along, rock along (in
also <_j) | j jLJl Ja*- (naazra) to fix
riding) Jl li-j-U- *^j -U- their oonrersation
one'ß glance on ... IV to Surround, J
1 1

encircle, encompass, enclose ,

(lj s.o.,
led them to . . .; .»JK^Jl ^J. ^jk
4-fl

s.th.); to look, glance (j, Jl or «_^ at)

{garadun tuhdä) a goal much Bought
|

jLJl J.u-1 (nazara) to fix one'B glance

after or worth striving for V to oompete,
j
rie (• with s.o.); to challenge, pro-
on . .

roke (*, • b.o., s.th.); to defy, oppose,

ü.u- hadaqa pl. -dl, Ja*- hadaq, JI.U-
resiat, withstand (*, • s.o., s.th.), stand
hidöq, jl.u-1 aW<^ pupil (of the eye);
up (», • against s.o., against s.th.);
pl. jli—l glances
to incite, stimulate, arouse, animate,
iia*- hadiqa pl. jlli*- hadä'iq* garden |
sharpen (* s.th.; *»ITj dakä'ahü s.o.'s
oLjl^-J-l Üj.u- A. aJ-AayauiflfaJ/ zoological intellect); to intend (* s.th., to do s.th.),
garden, zoo be bent (* on doing s.th.)

jl.u-1 tTwta^ encircle ment, encompass- »l-u- hudä' animating singsong, chanting
ment (^ of) of the cararan leader

j-i* _^ fcatar muAdü/imminent danger »l-i*- haddä' camel driver, cameleer

11
D J-U- II = JJ*-) to make acid, sour, tart,
{
«ji*-l uhdüwa, <j-U-I uhdiya song of the
or sharp (* s.th.) camel drivers

D J-»U- hääiq (= JiU-) sour. tart, acid, jj. tahaddin pl. o L A*t tahaddiyät

sharp (taste) challenge, provocation

jU- hädin pl. «li*- hud&h Caravan leader

Ja*- hadala i to flatten, lerel, eren, roll
(who urges the cameis forward by
(a s.th.); (Aa<M, Jji*- hudül) to treat
singing); camel driver, cameleer; leader
unjustly (Je s.o.)

.u^* mutahaddin challenger, provoker

*J-i*4 nttTufa/a pl. JjU mahädil* roller,

steamroller 1
iS-^
m hadiya a to remain, stay (i_> at a place),
stick (utoa place)
*a*- VIII to burn, glow, blaze; to burn up,
be consumed by fire; to flare up, break
out (fight); to be furious, burn with
wrath
3
D <jI-U- hidäya, hiddäya il-b- hid'a
(J* at, orer), also LLi-
f
{gaizan) jj*- hadira a (hidr, hadar) to be cautious,
j-Ioj-1 ihliddm paroxysm wary, to beware (j* or *, • of s.o., of
B.th.), be on one's guard (j* or *, •
*oi«t mu/i&ufiin furious, infuriated.
against) II to warn, caution (,>
enraged
s.o. of or about), put (• s.o.) on his
»o*- Au&i see i*-j guard (jr*
against) III to watch out, be
 ;
, —

J^ 164

careful; fco be on one's guard (• against), J.U- hadiqa a> hadaqa i (hidg, üli»- hadäqa)
be wory (» of 8.0.) V to beware, be wary to be skilled, skillful, well- versed, proficient

(,> of) VIII = I (*or jins.th.), maater («s.th.); hadaqa

u (<3j-i*- hudüq) to turn sour (milk)
j-u- hidr and hadar caution, watch-
V to feign skülfulness, proficiency, clever-
fulness, alertneBS, wariness, circumspec-
ness or smartnesa
tion; precaution |
»ji*. -U-l (hadarahü) to
be on one's guard; j-U- J» 'alä hadarin ja*, hidg and Ül-w- hadäqa skill, dexter-
cautiously, warily; on one's guard {^* ity, proficiency; smartnesa, cleverness, in-
against) telligence; perspicacity, sagacity, acumen

jl». Aajftr cautious, wary jiL- hädiq pl. j!Ö*- huddäq skillful,

skilled, proficient; well-vereed, clever,

jl-U- Aatälri beware (Ol of doing . . .,
smart, intelligent; sour
y> of s.th.)! watch out (j- for)! be
careful (^- of)! jJ-U- II tahadlaqa to pretend to be clever
or skillfull, feign skill or knowledge ; to be
jjJ- tahdir warning, cautioning (j- of,
pedantio
against)

üJ-U- hadlaqa skillfulneas, dexterity

*jiL* mt^kl^ara caution, precaution,
precautionary meaaure (jJV) l-U- hadä u: (hadwahü) to
»
} \*- IJu-

jjÄ£ mahdür that of which one should imitate s.o., take after s.o., follow

beware, against which one should guard s.o.'s example III to be opposite s.th.

object of caution ; — (pl. -ät) danger, peril (*), face, parallel (* s.th.), run
trouble, difficulty, misfortune parallel (* to) VI to be opposite each
other, be parallel VIII to imitate, copy
(Jiö*- hadafa i (hadf) to shorten, clip, curtail (i~> or J* s.o., s.th., also » s.th.), take
{* or y> a.th.); to take s.th. away, or follow or
J* s.o., s.th., also *
(i^.

cut s.th. off, clip s.th. off { y> from s.th.) as an example or model; to be
s.th.), reduce (j- B.th.), strike or cross shod; to wear (« s.th.) aa footgear
s.th. (j- off s.th.); to cancel, strike out,
jJV hadwa (prep.) opposite, face to
delete, drop, leave out, omit, suppress
face with J-JIj J*Jl iiji*- hadwaka n-na'la
(* s.th.) ;
(gram.) to elide, apocopate, |

bi-n-na'l in a completely identical manner,

drop by aphaereais; to deduct, subtract
to a T, like two peas in a pod
(a s.th.); to throw (<^> • at s.o. s.th.),
pelt (i~> « s.o. with s.th.); to cast away, J-U- hidä' pl. <jJu-t ahdiya shoe;

throw away, discard (<~> s.th.) II to clip, sandal |

ÄjÜ— V' *jL# shoemaker

trim (* s.th.); to give (» a.th.) shape, »la*. hidä'a (prep.) and AX*- bi-
to trim, clip, or cut (* a.th.) into proper hidä'i opposite, face to face with
Bhape
*IjV haddä' shoemaker, cobbler
tjäj- hadf shortening , curtail ing

cutting off, trimming, etc.; canceling,

;ljl* (j) > r
al& (/i) muhäd&ti along,
alongside of, parallel to
cancellation, striking off, croasing off,

deletion; Omission, dropping, supprea- •li^*-l ihtidä' imitation, copying

sion; (gram.) elision, elüpsia, apocopation iL* muhädin opposite, facing

^sili^ ha^äiir 1 : »jJlö* »aVI he took all of it, j+- harra u i (Aarr, •_,!;*- harära) to be hot
he took it lock, stock and barrel II to liberate (• s.o.); to free, set free,
 165

releose (* s.o.); to emancipate (• s.o.); zeal; vehemence, violence, intensity;

to consecrate (» s.o.) to the Service of burning (of the skin)
God; to clarify, clear up, make clear
*jj>- huraira pl. -ät calorie
(* s.th.); to formulate precisely, phrase
tfj'j"" haräri thermal, thermic, thermo-,
aecurately, define exactly, pinpoint (*
heat (used attributiv ely) ; calorie ».u-j
s.th.) ; to revise {> a book) ; to edit, redact |

Lji^»- (wahda) calorie

(* a book, a periodical); to write, pen,
indite, compose, oompile (* s.th.) V to O <Lj[r haräriya pl. -ät calorie

become free; to be freed, be liberated

Jjj*- harür f-» pl- j lj»- harä'ir 2 hot wind
(,3- from); to be emancipated Till to be
kindled, be heated, flare up ö\j*- harrän 2 , f. ^j*. harrä, pl. jt^*-

hirär, jjlj*- harärä thirsty; passionate,

j»- harr heat, warmth fervent, hot Ijj
(fig.) |
(jj»~ (zafra) a

j»- hurr pl. m. jl^-l ahrär, pl. f.

fervent sigh; jy- 9j*s hot tears
J\j».
harä'ir* noble, free-born; genuine (jewels, aharr2 hotter,
j*-\ warmer j»-\ Je
|

etc.), pure, unadulterated; free; living _^i-l ()'<"»') on pins and needles, on
(>•
in freedom; freeman; independent; free, tenterhooks, in greatest suspense or
unreatrained; liberal (pol.; jl^Vl the excitement
Liberais); frank, candid, open (J* toward
s.o.); free, available, uninvested (money)
O j*- rniharr heating System, heating
|
installation
ji-\ ^U^-Vl {ihtiyäß) free reserves, un-
encumberedreaerves; <IL* >»- .> min hurri j j£ tahrir liberation; release; emanei-

mälihi with his own cash, with funds at pation; record(ing), writing; editing, re-
his disposal daction; editorship (of a newspaper, a
periodical); (pl. -Ol, j j\J- tahärir*) piece
lj*- harra pl. -ät stony area; volcanic
of writing, record, brief, document
country, lava field |

j j*d\ ur-jJj editor-in-chief; _r j**ä\ Ijlil

i/- hurriya pl. -ät freedom, liberty; board of editors, editorial staff
independence, unrestraint, license (e.g.,
k$j„j£- tahriri liberational; emaneipa-
poetic) |
ä^LJI *jj— h. al-'ibäda freedom
tional ; liberal ; recorded in writing,
of worship ; _£iJI hj». h. al-fikr freedom
written, in writing
of thought; f^xJI *tj*- h.al-kaläm freedom
of speech; <«l»»^JI or) ^J^ll *j_,»- h. an- jU- harr hot; warm; ardent, glowing,
nah (a$-$ihäfa) liberty of the press fervent, passionate

jj>- harir silk; pl. J\j*. harä'ir 2 (j\j*~) jjj£- mahrür hot-tempered, hot-headed,
silken wares, silks ,$J*e j_^- ($akri) fiery, passionate, furious
|

asbestos; ^L-* j j»- rayon jj£- mvharrir pl. -ün liberator, eman-
cipator; writer, clerk; editor (of a news-
iSj^j*- hariri silken, silky, of silk
paper, of a periodical)
ijj\j*- harü'iri silken, silk- (in Com-
jj£- muharrar oonsecrated to God; set
pounds), of silk; silk weaver
down in writing, recorded in writing,
j\j— harrär silk weaver written; booked; pl. oljyt bookrogs,
harüra heat; warmth; fever heat, entriea
*jLf*~

fever; temperature; ardor, fervor (of j/c* mvtaharrir emancipated; an

emotion), pasaion; eagemen, enthosiasm, advooate of emanoipation
 166

hariba a (harab) to be furious, enraged, £>j*- hart plowing, tilling, tillage,

j*-

angry III to fight, combat (« s.o.), cultivation of the soil; arable land, tilth;

battle, wage war (» agaüiBt s.o.) VI to plantation, culture

fight (one anothor), be engaged in war 4jj- harp. (n. un.) arable land, tilth
VIII = VI
of the
ÄIIj. hiräta cultivation soil,

^S- harb f., pl.vJj*- hurüb war, farming, agriculture

warfare; fight, combat, battle; enemy,
£>\j*- harrät plowman
LUI
(J* or of
enemies J s.o.) |
._>/*-
2
(ahliya) civil war; Lil** ^j*- (sihäfiya)
1
il^rf. mihrät pl. i-jjL* mahärit plow

pres3 feud; LlJ-JI ^jjl~\ (qallbiya) the härit pl. ilj»- Aurröi plowman
ijU- |

Crusades ;
l _ r li*Jl ^>l (uzmä) UUl ^> ,
l

i»jU-l jjI abü l-h. lion

('ä/amlt/a), <.Ul ^i-l ('ämma) World
War 1; L^L- j* ^>l j.i.tf toAx/a* tl- r-^ j»ai-t?a a {/wm?) to be close, tight,

Aar&u 'an aäqihä and JU Jt "-r*>^'

—»^ narrow ; to be straitencd, be confined,

get into a strait, be cornered, be hard

f
gömaf t7-A. a/ä aö^in war flared up,
fierce fighting broke out pre83ed; to be oppressed, be anguished
(heart); to be forbidden (J* to s.o.)
Oj- harbi warlike, bellicose, bellig-
II to narrow, tighten, straiten (» s.th.);
crent, martial, war (adj.), military; (pl.
to complicate (* s.th.), make (* s.th.)
ün) wanior, soldier, military man |
j-^jJl
difficult; to forbid (Ja * s.th. to s.o.);
iJji-\ (bülts) military police
to pereist (j in s.th.) IV to narrow,
*jj>- harba pl. ^j^ hiräb lance, spear; confine, cramp, hamper, im-
straiten,
spearhead; bayonet, sidearm pede, restrict (* s.th.); to complicate,

hirba haräbiy chameleon make difficult, aggravate, jeopardiz© (*

#Li_^- pl. <j\j*-

a Situation, s.o.'s position) ; to embarrasa

(200/.)
(» s.o.) ; to coerce, constrain, press
•lij*- \j ivä harabähf (exclamation of
(Ji » s.o. to);to forbid (J* * s.th. to
lament) alas! goodness no! oh my!
s.o.) V to refrain from sin or evildoing;
s~>\j£- mihrab pl. <— jj^ mahäTib 2 a re-
to abstain, refrain (j- from), avoid
cesB in amoaque indicating the direction (^ s.th.); to be eomered, be forced to
of prayer, prayer niche, mihrab the wall; to become or be oppressed,

muhäraba struggle, combat, fight, anguished, distressed; to beeome critical,

i, jlrf.

become complicated or difficult, be

battle; warfare
aggravated (Situation), be jeopardized
^\J*.\ ihtiräb mutual struggle
(s.o.'s position) | (v) ü* •- L"* ,
*
TL-J^

^jL»t mukärib warring, belligerent; ($adruhü) to feel depressed by, feel

warrior,
(Eg. 1930)
combatant, fighter; corporal annoyed at;

things difficult for people

U,-UI
*>
^ this made

j^jjU^il al-mutahäribün the belliger- r jj- haraj closenesa, tightneas, narrow-

ents, tho warring parties ness; confinement, atraitness, constric-

tion,crampedness; restriction, impedi-

~*^.jij*- harbü$a pl. haräbiSr (tun.)
ment; oppresaion, distress, anguish;
pastille, pill
difficulty; critical Situation; prohibition,

plow the interdiction; s.th. forbidden, s.th. inter-

*. harata

to cultivate,
% u {hart) to

tili (* the ground)

(« soil);

dicted, sin | ^ ^ (haraja) there is no

 167
u*S~

objection; ^LLc rj»- V nothing Stands in the day, score a great success V to be
your way, you are at liberty wary (^» of), be on one's guard (^»
against) VIII to be wary {,>. of), guard.
Tj*- haraj (coli.; n. un. S) pl. -dt, r\j»-
be on one's guard (j* against), be careful,
hiräj, ^l^-l ahräj thicket; denae forest;
take heed, take precautions
woodland, timberland
jj»- hirz pl. jl^*-l ahräz fortified place;
rj*- harij narrow, close, tight, confined,
refuge, sanctuary, retreat; custody; (pl.
straitened ; oppressed, hard pressed,
harassed; critical (Situation, position) J !/*-'» JJj*- fyurüz) amulet

ahraf narrower, closer, tighter, j j*. hariz strongly fortified, guarded;

kj*-\
more straitened; more critical inaccessible, impregnable

g\j»- haräg (eg.) auction jl^p-l ihrüz acquisition, acquirement,

'jbtainment, attain ment, achievement,
ö-l^- harüja seriouenesa, gravity, diffi-
winning, g&ining
culty, complicatedness (of a Situation)
j\j+-\ ihtiräz pl. -ät caution, wariness,
tj£ tahrij forestation, afforestation
prudenoe, circumspection ; reservation,
rj£ taharruj restraint, reserve, aloof- reserve |
jlJ^-V' J-& with all reservation
ness; timidity, diffidence, faint-hearted-
ness; critical complication, gravity, diffi-
O «jjl*- häriza fuae (d.)

culty (of a Situation) jj£ muhriz obtainer, aoquirer, winner,

gainer; possessor, holder (J* of s.th.)
oU^ muharrijät: üLc V' Ol»yjfi m. al-
aimän binding, committing, or solemn, ^j>- harasa u [hara, a*\j»- hirOsa) to guard,
oaths watch, control (», * s.th., s.o.); to

muhrij disconcerting, embarrass- overaee, superviae, superintend (», * s.th.,

r-j*-

ing s.o.); to secure, protect, safeguard, pre-

serve, keep (, * s.th., s.o.); to watch
r-jj>LU mutaharrij: jJuail r-j*^* m.aß-
(
J* over) V and VIII to beware, be wary
sadr annoyed, vexed, anguished, op-
|
{,y of), guard, be on one's guard (j*
pressed
against)

j^ harida a (harad) to be annoyed, dia-

^j». haraa watch; guard, escort; body-
gruntled, angry, furious (J# at, with) guard jLJI j-^-l (sayyär) müitia,
|

^jU- härid, Zj»- harid and o\*j*- har* "garde mobile" (8yr.) |
»JyiJI j-,- h.

dän annoyed, disgruntled, angry, furious aS-Saraf honor guard; JÜII ^^ (malaki)
the royal guard (formerly Ir., Eg.); (_r
^-l
2
•JjV" hirdaun pl. ,>J!/»- harädin lizard $Ji\ (mulüki) (formerly) bodyguard of
the Bey {Tun.); jyi j->1 (watanl) the
jj>- haraza u (harz) to keep, guard, protect,

preserve (* s.th.), take care (* of); — National Guard

haruza u («j|^- haräza) to be strong ~*~>\j*- hiräsa guarding, wabching, con-

be strongly fortified, be impregnable trol; watch, guard, guard duty; super-
IV to keep, preserve, guard (* s.th.); to vision, auperintendence ; guardianship, tu-

obtain, attain, achieve, win (* s.th.) telage, oustody, care, protection ; safe
|

(jjL^üi) \_
rMj jj*-\ (naaran) to win a conduct, escort; administration ; admin-
victory; jrrJ\ ,_^f jj»~\ (qaqaba s-sabq) istration of an estate (jur.) ; Sequester |

to oome through with flying colors, carry J*-lj_Jl ~kJj*- coast guard
 168
u*s-

u*\J*-\ ihtiräs caution, wariness, pru- hariaf pl. harüSif* acales (of
dence; (pl. -ät) precaution, precautionary fish)

meosure j
j« Ul^»-I for protection from
or against ,j-^*- harasa t and harifa a {hire) to deaire,

want, covet (J* s.th.); to be intent,

^jU- häris pl. L-^- harasa, ^1^- be bent (J© on) ; to strive ( J* for),
Aurrfl« vigilant, watchful ; watchman aspire (J* to)
Bentry, sentinel, guard; overseer, Super-
visor, Superintendent ; Administrator tjfj*- hirs greed, avidity, cupidity,

guardian, custodian, keeper, protector, covetouanesa ; desire; aspiration, endeav-

tutelary (in compounda) «TJvJl ^jU- or, wish (J* for); avarice | Jp L*,»- in
|

h. at-tirka Administrator of an estate; the desire for . .

. , in the endeavor to . .
.

fljA-'l ^jU- keeper of the aeal; j-^l ^jU- r}jj^ '

J* \~fj*~ danger ! (on warning
al-marmä goal keeper; jlä* ^^*- aigns)
(?a
h. *

4ä'%) aequeatrator, receiver (in bankrupt- ^iij- harty pl. hirOs, »Uy-
^[f-
cy, in equity); ,j-jl*- £"&> (maVak) guard- Aura^fl' 8 covetous, greedy, avid, eager
ian angel (CAr.JjJJJl ,j-;L*- £ a '-&*' night
(J* for); bent (J* on), desirous (J* of)
watchman
^j^»-! ahme2 more covetous, greedier
^^ mahrüs guarded, safeguarded,
secured; protected (by God; esp. used ,jZj*- II to goad, prod, spur on, egg on,
as an epithet after the names of cities) incite, rouae, provoke (J* » s.o. to s.th.

üj*>jj£\ the children, the family or to do s.th.); to inatigate, abet, stir

up, agitate ( J* • a.o. to or against) ; O to
u*j4- muhtaria cautious, wary, careful induce (d.)

^j— hara&a i (karS) to Scratch (*, * s.o.,

^^ij^ tahrld incitement, provocation;
s.th.) II to inatigate, prod, incite, instigation, abetment, agitation (J* to);
provoke, incense (• b.o.); to set (^j innammatory Propaganda (J* against
people against each other), sow discord, a.o.); O induction (ei.) O J'J
| o+ij*
dissension (jo among) V to pick a Belf-induction {ei.)

quarrel, atart a brawl (v with s.o.),

tahrigi inciting, instigative, agi-
provoke tS*tj£
(*-« a.o.)
tative, inflammatory; provocative

£p- hirS, hurS pl. ^il^ I ahrüi, ,Jijj»-

^jIj- härid bad, wicked, evil
hurüi forest, wood(a)
^j*- muharrig pl. -ün inciter, baiter;
^j»- kariS and ,Jj»-\
ahraJP rough,
instigator, abettor; demagogue, rabble
coarse, Bcabrous
rouaer; agitator, provocator; O induotor

,Jj»-
harai, hur3a, <Z\j+. harü&a w
roughnesa, acabrousneas
,
i. mutakarritf, Q induced (d.)

,J-ij^ tahriä instigation, prodding,

j»- II to slant, incline, make oblique (*
incitement, provocation, agitation, in-
s.th.) ; to bend off, up, down or back, turn
censement
up, down or back, deflect {* a.th.)

J,j£ taharrui provooation, importu- to distort, corrupt, twist, pervert, mis-

nity, obtruaion, meddling, uncalled-for construe, falaify (* a.th.) [
**-i^* j* *ij*-

interference fan mavdi'ihi) to distort the aense of

 160 dj"-

3.th., rob s.th. of its true meaning V to t_jj»- Awr/ common garden pepper Cresa
turn off, branch off, take a tuming; (Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)

to deviate, depart, digress {je- from)

ii^- hirfa pl. <J»j»- Aira/ profession,
to avoid (je- a.th.); to be or become
occupation, vocation, businesB, craft,
bent off, distorted, corrupted, perverted
trade
VII to tum off, branch off, take a tuming;
2
i_ju j»- Äari/ pl. »Li^- htirafä' customer,
to deviate, depart, digress, turn away
patron, client (tun.)
(jp from); to slope down, slant, be in-
clined (terrain); to tum (Jl to, toward); t_ju j*- hirrif pungent, acrid (taste)
to be twisted, be distorted; to be oblique, oLijj*- spicy food, delicacies
slanting; to be cocked, rakish (headgear);
üil^- harüfa pungency, acridity (taste)
with <_>: to make s.th. appear oblique,
alanted, or distorted; to be corrupted, ijtlj* tahrif pl. -flt alteration, change;

perverted jp *j cj^l to dissuado s.o. distortion ; perveraion, corruption, esp.

|

from; *^[> <-J^l (mixäjuhü) to be indis- phonetic corruption of a word

posed, be ill VIII to do (* s.th.) profea- Jil^l inhiräf pl. -<K deviation, di-
sionally, practice (* s.th.) aa a profession;
gression ; obhqueness, obliquity , incli-
to etrive for aucceas
nation, slant; declination (astron.); ail-

t_jj»- harf pl. <J»j»- hiraf (cutting) ment, indisposition, also ^Ijil cjj^l

edge (of a knife, of a aword) sharp edge ;

t_jt>»-l ihtir&f professional pursuit (of
border, edge, rim, brink, verge ; — a trade, etc.)
(pl. J>jj*- hurüf, Jy-1 ahruf) letter;
^ij£- muharraf corrupted (word)
consonant; particle (gram.); type {typ.) \

tjj*- J* irresolute, wavering, on the fence oyM munharif oblique ; slanted, slant-

L^ij ^ *tLül alfäzuhü bi-hurüfiJiä his worde ing, sloping, inclined ; distorted, perverted,

literally; «J»^J-Ij or j*-\J\

«_J/I-Ij hterally, corrupted, twisted; deviating, divergent;
verbatim, to the letter; ,_J^ Li,»- harfan trapezium (geom.)
bi-harßn literally, word for word; *jj
employed
J»J& muhtarif one gainfully
Jj^I >-Jr»-Vlj (waqqa'a, ülä) to initial (e.g.,
(<-> in), person doing s.th. (._-<) profession-
•0*U. mu'äkadatan a treaty); «J»j^J-l
ally ; professional, a pro (sports) ;
profes-
h^^\ {abjadiya) the alphabetic letters,
sional (adj.), e.g., ÖjU jU«* (oihäfi) pro-
the aiphabet; «*Hf <J»jj»- matter {typ.);
fessional Journalist; climber, careerist
i_«-ijl «_Jj^i-l (Samsiya) the sun letters
(i.e., sibilants, dentals, r, l, n to which the O «-Jj^ muhtaraf pl. -ät studio, ateher

/ of the artiole asaimilatea), «jj*JJl "-»j^'

jj*. haraqa i (harq) to burn (* s.th.); to
(qamariya) the moon letters (to which the
smart
burn, hurt, sting, | «Ji Jy-
l of the article does not assimilate);
(qalbahü), pl. 3j»- (qulübahum) to
f^J*
^J-l J<tj*- h. al-jarr prepoaition {gram.);
vei, exasperate s.o.; —u (harq) to rub
(JäÜ-'I Öj»- h. al-kafd do.; iju^l cjy-
together (* s.th.) II to burn (* s.th.);
article {gram.); JtL*l\ .J»^»- h. al-'atf co-
*jL-l 3j*- (aanänahü) to gnash one 's
ordinating conjunction gram.) ; <J»j»-
(
teeth IV to burn (* s.th.); to destroy by
* l+ii-^ I interrogative particle (gram.) ;
fire (* s.th.); to singe, scorch, pareh
.
Sil
«-Jj*- A. al-qasam particle introducing
(- s.th.); to scald (* s.th.); to kindle,
oaths (gram.)
ignite, Bet on fire (* s.th.) | j *1J **i Jy-I

jy*- harfi hteral (fahmata lailihi) to spend the night doing

Jj*-

(s.th.), bum the midnight oil over . . . 3jj£- mahrüq burned, oharred, scorched,
V to bum, be aflame, bum up, take fire, parched ; reddish, bronze-colored ; pl.

be conaumed by fire, be burned; to be olij^ makrüqät fuel | 3jj* j^i (fatä&r)

consumed (by an emotion), pine away fired clay

(* with), be pained (* by), eat one'B

3j£ muhriq: üjf- iLJ {qunbuia) incen-
heart out j
ü^i j_^ {iauqan) to be
diary bomb
overcome with longing or nostalgia VIII to
bum, be aflame, bum up, take fire, be O öj£ mvhraq crematory

oonaumed by fire, be burned ~üjt- muhraqa burnt sacrifice

j j- harq burning, incineration, com- eijj- harqada pl. Jij^» haräqid* Adam's apple
bustion; kindling, igniting, setting afire;
arson, incendiarism ; pl. 3jj*- hurüq <jÜ^- harqa fa pl. J»il_^- haräqif* protruding

bums {med.) part of the hipbone

3j*- haraq fire, conflagration i^- II to move, set in motion, drive, propel,
operate (m s.th.) ; to march, move {•
*i*- hurqa, harqa burning, incineration,
troops); to stir (* s.th.); to start, get
combustion; stinging, smarting, burning
started, get underway (* s.th.) ; to
(as a phyaical Sensation); torture, tor-
agitate, ezcite, Btimulate {* s.th.); to
ment, agony, pain, ordeal
incite, instigate, goad, prod, provoke,
jU- huräq, hurröq tinder actuate, urge (J# • s.o. to do s.th.); to

awaken, arouse, foment, stir up (* s.th.);

jl^ harräq burning, aflame, afire; hot
to vowel, vowelize (gram,, * a consonant) |

jj^»- hariq and Üj^»- pl. jt\r harü'iq*

•jplJL. 'J^- (maiä'irahü) to grip, excite,
fire; conflagration thrill s.o.; kJttJ^JI i\^- to affect the feel-
be touching, moving, pathetic; V
O '**\r
harräqa torpedo ings,

b5"U ii^ (sdJWnan) he doesn't budge,

jlj^*- haraqän burning, stinging, smart-
he doesn't bend his little finger, he
ing (as a painful Sensation; e.g., of the
remains immobile, apathetic; *SV~ li^-
feet)
(säkinakü) to rouse s.o., put s.o. in

O 3j*- mahraq pl. j jl* mahäriq* foouB a State of excitement, commotion or

{phys.) agitation V to move, be in motion, stir,

budge; to start moving, get moving;

jijUi tahartq* (Eg.) season of the
to start out, get underway (traveler);
Nile 's lowest water level, hottest season
to de part, leave (train); to put out, to
of the year
sail (fleet); to be set in motion, be driven,
3\j*-\ ihräq burning, incineration, com-
be operated; to be agitated, be excited,
bustion be stimulated; to be awakened, be roused,

Jiy£ taharruq burning, combuBtion ; burn- be fomented, be provoked, be caused

ing desire (Jl for)
ii_^- harik lively, active, brisk, agile,
jljw-l ihtiräq burning, combustion; fire, nimble
conflagration | O JL^-Vl *»> 9^ rfat °'-*-
'Sj— haraka pl. -äi movement, motion;
combuBtion Chamber (tecAn.); jlj*»-"SM J^Ü commotion; physical exercise; stirring,
qäbil al-i. combustible
impulse; proceeding, procedure, policy;

JjU- häriq areorust, incendiary action, undertaking, enterprise; military

 171
f
Operation; continuation, progress; traf- * j* or j» • from b.o. s.th.), deny, refuse
fic (raü, Stripping, street); movement (as (* • or * ja or ^ * to b.o. B.th.); to

a social phenomeuon); vowel (gram.) \

exclude, debar, preclude, cut off (* • or

*S\&*>j tfj*- j (sakanätihl) in all his ja • s.o. from s.th.); to excommunicate

doings; in every Situation; jjjL\ *5"y- (• s.o. ; Chr. ) 11 to declare (
* B.th.)

(through) traffic; «-i'lA' *0" shipping sacred, saorosanct, inviolable, or taboo,

traffio; «JUäJI *5^- exchange of goods; to taboo (* s.th.); to declare (* s.th.)

JJ^Vl tumover (com.); *jj—Ül iS^-'

'*S"y unlawful, not permissible, forbid, inter-
(nwunya) feminiat movement; Ü^i-I *-'„» diot, proscribe (* B.th., J» to s.o.); to

nimble, lithe, light, quick, agile, adroit; render (• s.o.) immune or proof (ja
y^i- 1
JJu slow in motion, heavy-handed, against), immunize (> • s.o. againai) |

clumsy, sluggish, lumbering, inert, indo- <_iJ Jft to deny o.b.

<»j*- s.th., abstain,

lent refrain from s.th. IV to excommunicate

(• b.o.; Chr.); to enter into the State
O Sj*- harahi kinetio (phys.)
of ritual oonsecration (esp., of a Mecoa
!}\j*- hardk movement, motion pilgrim; see Aj^~\ ihräm) V to be for-

bidden, interdicted, prohibited ; to be

ilj* mahrak path, trajectory (of a
holy, sacred, sacrosanct, inviolable VIII to
projectile)
honor, revere, venerate, esteem, respect
iil>tf mihr&k poker, fire iron
s.o., B.th.) *—Ü pj^-l to be self-
(*, • |

&jj& tahrild dynamio respecting X to deem (* B.th.) Baoro-

sanot, sacred, holy, inviolable; to deem

ilj£ taharruk pl. -ät movement, motion;
(* B.th.) unlawful or unpermiesible
forward motion ; start ; departure ; sailing

(of a fleet) ajp- hirm excommunication (Chr.)

i\)\»- härik withers »jp- haram pl. Aj*-\ ahräm forbidden,

ij^rf muharrik mover, stirrer; rouser, prohibited, interdicted; taboo; holy,

inoiter, fomenter, awakener, agent; insti- sacred, sacrosanct; s.th. sacred, sacred

gator; — (pl. -dt) motive, Springs, incen- object; sacred poesession; wife; sanctum,

tive, Bpur, motivating circumstance, oau- sanctuary, sacred precinct; OL^i-l the

sative factor; motor, engine (techn.) two Holy Places, Mecca and Medina |

J^ji-'i <Uti tälit al-haramain the third

l^««i* mutaharrik moving, inovable,
Holy Place, i.e., Jerusalem
mobile pronounoed with following vowel,
;

voweled, vowelized (oonsonant; gram.) <*j*- hurma pl. -ät, hurumät, huramüt
\

iT^i* jj~> (fuwar) movies, motion. pic- holiness, sacredness, sanctity, sacro-

tures Banctity, inviolability ; reverence, venera-

tion, esteem, deference, respect; that
•iSj*- harkapi (and u^'j*- harlcaia) to stir up, which is holy, sacred, sacrosanct, invio-
agitate, excite, thrill lable, or taboo; — (pl. ^y huram) woman,
lady; wife
rs-
haruma u, harima a to be forbidden,
prohibited, interdlcted, unlawful, un- Aj*- harüm pl. (•__/- hurum forbidden,

permitted (J* to s.o.); harama i (hirm, — interdicted, prohibited, unlawful; s.th.

jl^*- hirmän) to deprive, bereave, dis- forbidden, offense, sin; inviolable, taboo;
possess, divest (* * or j* • s.o. of s.th.), sacred, sacrosanct; cursed, acoursed | j\
take away, withdraw, withhold (* * or Ay ibn h. illegitimate son, bastard;
f
f!A' tf*bVI no man's land; neutral ^lji-1 ihtiräm pl. -ät deference, respect,
territory; *I^J-i c-Jl (bait) the Kaaba; regard, esteem, reverence; honoring (e.g. t

fl>l j^Ail (AiAr) the Holy Month of a privilege); pl. honors, respeots,
Muharram; 1^-1 -w.il (ma»juf) the Holy tributea
f
Mosque in Mecca; dLU («[^- you mustn't
fj^maArümdeprived,bereaved,bereft
do (say) thatl * l^-L illicitly, illegally, un-
(,>. of); excluded, precluded, debarred
lawfully
(j* from); suffering privatum (as oppoeed
elf*-
A*rtJm pl- -***»
*v*-' aArima a to <3jj_r»)» exoommunicated (Chr.)
woolen blanket (worn as a garment
fj*
muharram forbidden, interdicted;
around head and body)
Muharram, name of the first lalamic
fj*- harim pl. *j*. hurum a sacred, month; *1^A-I *j£- m. al-hara\m honorific
inviolable place, sanctum, sanctuary, name of this month
sacred precinot; harem; female membera
*j£- muhrim Mecca pilgrim who has
of the family, women ; wife
entered the state of ritual conseoration

ij*
j*- fyariml women's (in Compounds), (see a\j*-\ ihräm)
for women
(•j^ muhtaram honored, revered, vener-
fjj*- hurüm pl. -ät exoommunication ated, esbeemed, respeoted; (in the salu-
(Chr.) tation of letters:) my dear ; vennrable,
reverend; notable, remarkable, consider-
<j\j*- fyarämi pl. -iya thief, robber,
able
bandit

üU^- hirmän deprivation, bereave- ^*j*~ harmal African rue (Feganum harmala

ment, dispossession (of L.; bot.)

s.o., j* of a.th.);
debarment, exclusion, preclusion (^ «Lj*. harmala pl. J»[^- harämiP a
from); excommunication (Chr.); priva- looee wrap worn over the Shoulders
tum | iylM üU^- h. al-ir$ exclusion (garment of the dervishes)
from inheritance, disinheritance (Jal. Lato)
bp- harana, haruna u (ü[^- hirän, hurdn)
*j*- mahram pl. * jl* mahärim 1 s.th.
to be obstinate, etubbom, headstrong
forbidden, inviolable, taboo, Baorosanct,
holy, or sacred; unmarriageable, being l*Jj*- harün pl. öj*- hurun obstinate,
in a degree of oonsanguinity preoluding stubborn, refraotory, reluctant, reaistant

marriage (Jal. Lato) OjjU harün brazier

l*j* mahrama pL * jlrf mahärim •

hj>- harua burning; wrath, rage; acridity,
handkerohief
pungency (of taste); pungent, disagree-

j**_^ tahrim forbiddance, interdiction, able odor

prohibition, ban
ifj*- V to seek, pursue (* s.th.), strive (*
Aj*-\ ihräm atate of ritual oonseoration for)» aspire (* to) ; to examine, investigate
of the Mecca pilgrim (during which the (* s.th.); to inquire (j* or * into), make
pilgrim, wearin& two eeamless woolen or inquiries (j» or * about); to be intent
linen sheets, nsually white, neither oombs (# on s.th.), take care (* of s.th.),

nor shares, and observea sexual oon- attend (* to s.th., also j), look (* after
tinenoe); garmenta of the Mecca pilgrim s.th., also j); to see to it (jl that)
 ;

173
fJ"

cSji-lj bi-l-harä hardly, barely 5-j>- hizbiya party aotivities; partisan-

»l^l 1 ship, partiality; factionalism

j^»- hariy pl. ahriyä * adequate,
appropriate, auitable {*_> for), worthy öjt'jv- haizabün old nag
(v of s.th.) fü\j jj». {frier) worth
|
i-^ tahazzttb factiousness; factionalism
mentioning, considerable; Jj-ucJLi jj».
credible, believable; j\ or to be
wjU- häzib: <yjU-
*»J»-
hazabahü h. he
<Jj1-\j

exact, or rather
met with a mishap

V>^* miUahazzib partial, biased; par-

ijj»-\ ahrä more adequate, more proper,
tisan.
more appropriate tf^VL jl or to toll
j

the truth, or more explicitly, or put more u

b>- hazara i (Äazr, »jj* maAzara) to esti-
exactly, or rather mate, asseas, appraise (* s.th.); to make
j£ taharrin pl. £>\jj£- taharrxyüi a rough estimate (* of s.th.), guess (*

inquiry; investigation s.th.)

| isJ*d\ «U^i iurfat
at-t. or jj»^i\ AtJu** maqlakat at-t. secret jj*- hazr estimation, assessment, ap-
police praisal; conjecture, guess, sunnise

•- hazza u {hazz) to notch, nick, incise, indent hjj*- hazzüra riddle, puzzle

(J s.th.), make an incision, cut (j into

\jjf- mahzara estimation, assessment,
s.th.) II and VIII = I
appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise

j»- hazz pl, jjj*- huzüz incision, notch, 2

ö\j y- hazirän' June (Syr., Leb., It., Jord.)
m
nick; the right time, the nick of time
(jli^- huzuqgäni choleric
*>- hazza incision, notch, nick; time;
the right time, the nick of time; predica- **J_>- hazüqa, iijjl*- häxüqa hiooups
ment, plight
hazama i {hazm) to tie up, bündle, wrap
f>-
j |j*- hazäz head scurf, ringworm ; tetter, up, pack, do up in a package or bündle
eruption (med.)
(* s.th.); to girth {* an animal); to
«jlj*- hazäza rancor, hatred, hate make fast, fasten, tie (* s.th.) | >^\ *j*-
(amrahü) to take matters firmly in hand
mahazz notch, nick
j£-

find the right Solution, hit the nail

|
j£\ t_-*L*l to
on
— kazuma u {hazm, <.lj*- hazüma, ~<*jy-
huzüma) to be resolute, firm, stouthearted,
the head, hit the mark, strike home
intrepid II to gird (• s.o.) V and VIII
;*- hazaba u (hazb) to befall {. s.o.), happen, to be girded; to- gird o.s., put on a belt
occur (. to s.o.) |
_^VI v>" tne matter hazm packing, packaging, wrap-
C>-
became Berious il to rally (» s.o.); to ping; determination, resoluteness, firm-
form or found a party 111 to side, take ness, energy; judiciousness, discretion,
sides (» with), be an adherent (• of s.o.) prudence
V to take sides; to form a party, make
i-j*- huzma pl. *j*- huzam s.th. wrapped
common cause, join forces
up or tied up; bündle, fagot, fascine;
<-?j*- hizb pl- v[r**' a hzäb group, troop, beam of rayB, radiation beam (phyt.);
band, gang; party {pol.); the 60th part of bunch (of herbs, etc.); Bheaf; package,
the Koran |
*j[>-l j* _j* he belonga to parcel
bis clique, he is of the same breed
Aj*- hizäm pl. -ät, i*^-l ahzima, *y-
fjj*- hizbi party (adj.), factional huzum belt, girth; gjrdle; oummerbund,
 ;;

fj-

waistband (worn over the oaftan to sense (* B.th.); — Amm (Ist pers. perf.

fasten it); Bword belt |

j.1/1 |»|>- A. haaastu) », (Ist pers. perf. haaistu) a to
al-amn safety belt feel sorry, feel sympathy or compassion

(J for), sympathize (J with). II to grope,

aJ»-! ahzam* more resolute; more judi-
feel IV to parceive, sense, experience (*
or <-» s.th.); to feel (* or »-» B.th.);

I>JU- höxim pl. i*^- Aazama and rj*- to notice (* or »-» B.th.); to hear (* a
3
Aarim pl. »Uj*- Auzamd* resolute, energet- sound, a noise, etc.); to take notice
ic; judicious, disoreet, prudent (• of s.o.) V to grope, probe (* for s.th.),
flnger, handle, touch (* s.th.), run the
jj*- Aazana u to make Bad, sadden, grieve
hand (* over to grope about,
(• s.o.); — Aazina a (Auzn, hazan) to be
feel around; to seek Information,
s.th.);

make
Bad, grieved (J or J» at or because
inquiries (j* about) ; to sense, experience,
of); to grieve, moum J* over) II and IV
(
perceive (*, ^ s.th.); to feel {_» B.th.);
to make Bad, sadden, grieve (• s.o.)
to be affected, be deeply touched (•_* by
uj»- hvxn pl. jtj*-l aAzdn sadness, s.th.)

grief, sorrow, affliction

(J
-*- hau Sensation, perception, feeling,
Oj»- Aazn pl. jjj«- Auzün rough, rugged, sentiment
hard ground
(J
-*- At« sensory perception, senBation

oj*- Aaztn sad, mournful, grieved feeling, sentiment; sense; voiee; sound;
noise
^j». Aarin pl. »Uj»- Auzand'*, jlj»-

Atzdn, (J^*- hazAnä sad; mourning (for a j-.- hissi sensory; sensuous; pereep-

deceased person); sorrowüig, mournful, tible; palpable | O <^' <_jüU (madhab)

grieved | ojJ-l inJ-.l (jitm'a) Good Friday senBationalism, sonsualism
(CAr.)
oU«- hissiyät sensations
jU>- Aaznän* very sad, very grieved,
£ri-»- ha*is faint noise
worried; in mourning
^l—j- haasüs sensitive; sensible; readily
D JiLi*- AazflyinJ (,>!> Aaiä'inJ)
affected, susceptible; sensual (pleasure)
sad, mournful, melancholic; mouraing-
(in Compounds), mortuary, funereal i^L_j- hasaäsa sensory organ
j

Ji|>- ^ili (qumää) cloth for mourning

^L_j- hass&ai allergio | V"*—*" er*!/*'
garments
aUergic diseases, allergiea (m«rf.)

j^ foAaxzvn sadness; behavior of a

L-L-*- haaaAaiya sensitivity (alsotecAn.)
mourner
sensibüity ; faculty of sensory perception
üjj* mahxün grieved, grief-stricken, susceptibility ; sensuality |
*—*L_i-l ^ij»
pained, sad, saddened mara4 <d-h. allergy (med.)

öj£- mvhzin grievous, saddening; sad; <-* mihassa ourrycomb

melartcholic ; tragio ; <l>\jja mufysinQt griev-
ous things |
~*jj£- <Jui* <-# (^ fcim/ttf j/a)
^L— I ihsOs pl. -Ot, ^-i-Ul ahäais* feel»

feeling; Sensation, sense (^ of s.th.);

and *ij£- <Ajj (riie&ya) tragedy (theat.)
perception (_» of s.th.); sensitivity; pl.

(J
-*- Aawa (Ist pera. perf. haaastu) u (hau) oUL-^t feelings, sentiments | O ,^-1— •-'

to carry, currycomb (* an animal) to ; feel, jjüL sensitivity to light; O L/

-l~»-1/l -U-t*
 highJy sensitive; *\JJu ^L-»-! (rnuitarak) take into consideration (<_j or m s.th.);
feeling of harmony, concord, unanimity; to reckon (<_j or * with); {to antieipate
^L^-Vl *Ü qiüat al~i. insensitivity, dull- a reward in the hereafter by adding a
nesa, obtusenesa pious deed to one's aecount with God —
such as resigning in God's will at the
O V-L_^VI uIlUI af-ta'ifa al-ihsdHya
the impressionists
death of a relative; hence:) loJj ,_ 1 M ^I
(tvaladan) to give a son, be bereaved of
i-U- hässa pl. ^]y hawäas* Bensation;
a son; «^tJi Zi\ x* *. Z*.l to sacrifloe
aense |
^r-J-'l ^J^l the five senses
s.th. in antieipation of God's reward in

,j^>—* wiaA*ü* feit; senaed; perceptible,

the hereafter; to charge (J* * s.th. foi);
noticeable, palpable, tangible; appreci- to think, beliere, suppose; to take (• *

able, considerable (e.g,,loss); ^-j...^ that 1 s.o. for or to be . . .); to be content,

wbich is perceptible through the senses; content o.s. (<_j with); to disapprove
appearance, evidence; oL-j^l thinga (J* * of s.th. in s.o.), take ezoeption
perceptible through the senses (J* * to B.th. in s.o.), rejeot (J* * s.th.
in s.o.); to call
(J# s.o.) to aeoount,
_*- Aawfca u (Aa*6, i^l p- hisOb, üL—* Am« ask (J* s.o.) for an aoeounting
län, Auibdn) to compute, reckon, calou-
,_—*- Aa*6 reckoning, Computing, oal-
late; to count; tocharge, debit
(J* * s.th.
culation; thinking, opinion, view; suffl-
to s.o., to s.o.'a aecount); to credit (J *
B.th. to b.o., to s.o.'s aecount) *jL_»- !_ „,r-
ciency j p*p (^l .* or) >l\_ w htubuka (bi-
t
|

hasbifea) dirhamun one dirham is enough

f/iwaiaAü) to takc s.th. or s.o. into
for you ; <jl J-L_*- it suffices to say that . . .
aecount or into oonsideration, reckon
you know enough when you hear that . . .
with s.th. or s.o., oount on s.th. or s.o.;
you need only ö\ \*Ju ,j\ tf {muqni'an
. . . ;
J LL*- |_ p. (hitdban) do.; to attach t

it will be enough to convinoe you if . .

importance to s.o. or s.th.; i_Vll L „i-
-
.

i^i JS* li+i dL_~j (b%.h04ä IcuUiMiarran)

J >_iL*- (alfa) to have a thousand appre-
but enough of all theee negative aspeots!
hensions about . . ,
;
hatiba a % (OL-*- his*
bdn, 1_^ mahaaba, mafyriba) to regard
<— —* fa-had* and that 's all, and no more,
(* •

s.o. a*) f consider, deem(*«a.o. tobe.

only (interchangeable with Lm)
. .);

to think, believe, suppose, assume; to tf-*-

hubt:
f^-
i
ijU. (majlis) pl. ^Lf
consider, regard {j- * s.o. as belonging *;—*- guardianship oourt, probate oourt
to), oount {ja • s.o. among); to see {Eg.)

(» J in s.o. s.th.); — haevba u ihatab,

«_— *- hatab pl. i_jI — p-1 dfytSb measure,
ÄjU-*- Aa«32>a) to be of noble origin, be
extent, degree, quantity, amount; value;
highborn; to be highly esteemed, be esteem, high regard enjoyed by s.o.;
valued III to settle an aeoount, get even noble desoent; ha*aba (prep.), ^—* bi-
with s.o.); to call to aoeount,
(• (* s.o.)
hasabi and <——*- ti*
'
a ^ ly^tabi acoording
ask (• s.o.) for an aeeounting; to hold to, in aoeordanoe with, commensurate
(• s. o.) responsable, make (• b.o.) an- with, depending on
swerable «—ij J* r^<U- to be oareful,
| <

be on one's guard V to be oareful, be

L—*- hasabamd (conj.) acoording to

on one's guard; to take precautions; to

what — , as, depending on how . . .
|

seek to know, try to find out (* s.th.)

jJü\
l
L—j- (ttafaqa) as chanoe will

VI to Bettle a mutual aecount VIII to

have it

debit or credit; to take into aecount, <—*- hisba arithmetical problem, »um
 . — ;

176

wj - hasib pl. .L-*- huMba'* reapeoted, L^Lpt muhAsaba pl. -Ä accounting;

esteemed; noble, of noble birth, highborn Clearing (com.); bookkeeping; request for
accounting; examination of consoience
oL—*- husbän oaloulation, reckoning,
(theol.) i--lp±l *—i gwt» al-m. accounting
aooounting; computation öl—J-l j 05" |
|

department, comptroller's office ; Clearing

to be taten into account, be taken into
house
oonsideration; to be expected, be antic-
ipated; Ol uL_i-l j j&" it waa expected i. A .J^l t'AJiadb computation; calcula-
that . . .; jl JL_*- I expect that . . tion, oonsideration, refloction; debiting;

orediting; valuation; contentedness, sat-

i_jL*- hirtb arithmetic, reckoning, oal-
isfaction
culus; computation; calculation, estima-
tion, appraisal; aooounting, settlement; ,_— U hasib counter, reckoner, arith-

oonsideration, consideratenesa ; caution ; metician, calculator, Computer

(pl. -AI) bül, invoice; Statement of oosts; maAdJÜ» 1

Vj-* mahsüb pl. -an, »-.j-l**-

(bank) account; pl. oL»l—»- bookkeeping 1

favorite; obedient, sub-

|
protege , pet,
JJLI ujL>- h, al-jumrnal (al-jumal) use of
serviert (
J* to s.o.)
the alphabetio lettera aocording to their
ij >„*t maJuü£>iya esteem enjoyed by
numerical value; i^LJ-1 1* 'Um al-h.
s.o., position of distinction; patronage,
arithmetio; J->LuJl .-.L*- h. at-tajädxd
favored position, favoritism
differential caloulus; J.&JI «-^L*- h. at-

tak&mul integral calculus; *iL#- j ü5" ,_— U muAds.6, i/^r-l**- mu/t&n&^i (<y.)

he reckoned with it, he expected it, he accountant, bookkeeper; comptroller, au-

was piepared for it; <d IL*- J^ to take ditor
s.o. or B.th. into oonsideration; to reckon
i_ 1M "Z fnuAJa«aö that for which one
with s.o. or B.th.; ^bAM ^.LJ-I (fntämi) and
can expect reward in the hereafter (e.g.,
JL^ ._>L#- (nrtd't) final Statement of
suJFering, loss, etc.)
account, final aooounting; i_<LJ-l Jl »Ui
(da'Ohu) he called bim to account; *ji .#- Kitada u (hasad) to envy, grudge (• s.o.,

yaum a/-£. the Day of Reckoning, be envioiu of

t^LJ-1 J* or * s.th.), (• s.o.,
J*>

Judgment Day; J LI—»- ftfl to render or a because of s.th.) VI to envy each

account to s.o.; «-*L,p- ^u without limit other

or bounds, to exoess, to an unlimited ex- x~— hasad envy
tent; «-*L,p- j*» ,y blindly, without fore-
ij-*- heuüd pl. a_*- Au*w2 envious
thought, at random; j^i t^l—i- toa.o.'s
credit, to s.o. 's advantage; ü^Ai ^L*- J* A-Ui tah&sud mutual envy

to s.o. 's debit, at s.o. 's expense, to s.o. 's J-U h&tid iL-*- AuMdd, iJ_*-
pl.
disadvantage^L-J»! *^> JJ /agtya«ü'a (-A.
Aasoda envious; envier, grudger
he got a raw deal, he was in for it; ujL#-
i^_*t mahsüd envied; smitten by the
jU- (jflnn) current account; ol>L*-
evil eye
„^iji'l jj-c, .y Ä. «umfüf aM. savings-bank
aocounta; <-!»>>> ^L*- blocked account; .»• Aa*ira « t (Aa»r) to pull away or off,

4_jjj oLjL-»- double-entry bookkeeping; remove (j* * s.th., a oover, a veil, from)
j^JÜl ^LJ-1 (saryi) the Julian oalendar; to unoover, lay bare, unveil (j*- s.th.);

J jift «_*LJ- {garbi)

1 the Qregorian oalendar — ( j>-*- Au»wr) to beoome dim (sight) ;
—
jL-p- hitAH arithmetical, mathematioal, hasira a {haaar, •,_»- hatra) to regret

computationaJ < J* s.th.), be grieTed, be pained (

J* by
 — ,

e.th.); to sigh (Jpovers.th.); haaara i, (* s.th.); to decide (* a question); to

hasira a (kaaar) to become tired, fatigued settle (* an argument); to deduct, dis-
II to fatigue, tire, weaken, sap { s.o.); count {* an amount from a sum of money)
to grieve, sadden (• s.o.), cause pain or VII to be severed, be cut off; to be finished
grief {• to s.o.); to remove (* a cover, be completed, be terminatcd; to be
j* from), lay bare, unveil (j* a.th.) V to settled (argument)
be diatressed, be pained, be grieved
(Jp haam finishing, completion, termi-
by); to sigh (Jp over) VII to be pulled f~—
nation; decision; settling, settlement (of
ftway or off, be removed (je- from); to
an argument); discontinuance, shutdown,
be rolled up, be tu med back (sleeve, je-
closing down; deduction, discounting
from the arm); to disappear suddenly
(of an amount)
(j* from)
(•!—*- hua&m sword, sword edge
j~*- hasar fatigue, dcbiiity, weakness |
*- huaüm fatal, trying, grueling (pl.;
j*aJ>\ j-— h. al-basar nearsightedness, fj—
days, nights, also years)
myopia
--U- h&aim decisive; final, peremp-
j-*~ hasir grieved, sad; fatigued, lan-
tory, conclusive, definite, definitive
guid, weary, tired

*j-— haara pl. hasarät grief, sorrow, j— »- haauna u (huan) to be handsome,

pain, distress, affliction; sigh -*J L.
beautiful, lovely, nice, fine, good; to be
j !_/

yä la-l-haarati alaal unfortunately! j,-». L.

expedient, advtsablo, suitable, proper,
fitting; to be in a proper State, be in a
yähasrati and alj^-»- \j wä haaratäh what
a pityl too bad! desirable condition |
dL_j} j-*- jl in h.
ladaika if you like it, if it seems all right
_r—*- haair pl. j|aP - » haarü tired, weary,
to you ; jl iL j-*: it is to your advantage
fatigued, exhausted; dim, dull (eye),
that you .
.;.you ought to .; j~*. . .

ne&rsighted y-*Jl _r—»- h. al-baaar near-

|
J »-il-UiJ be was all willing to II to . . .

"ighted, myopio
beautify, embellish (* s.th.); to adorn,
jj~*- huaür nearsightedness, myopia decorate (* s.th.); to improve, put into
better form, ameliorate, better (* s.th.);
<j\j-»- haar&n regretful, sorry, sad,
to make a better presentation (* of
distressed, grieved
s.th.); to present in a favorable light,
j-£- tahasaur sighing; regret depict as nice or desirable (J * s.th. to

^U hOair pl. j*)y hawüair 2 bared,

s.o.); to sugar-coat, make more palatable

denuded ^-aJl y-l*- h. al-baaar near-

(* s.th. unpleasant, s.th. disadvanta-
|

sighted, myopic; ^\j\ ^U h. ar-ra'a bare-

geous) III to treat (» s.o.) with kindliness
headed, hatless IV to do right, act well; to do (* s.th.)
well, expertly, nicely; to know (* how to
_*- haaak (coli.; n. un. •) thorns, spines; do s.th.), be able (* to do s.th.); to
spikes, pricks; fishHbnes; awns, beard master (* s.th.), have command (* of
(bot.); name of several prickly herbs, esp. s.th.), be proficient (* in s.th.; a lan-
of the genus Tribulus guage, an ort, a handicraft, etc.), be
haaaH thorny, prickly, spiny
oonversant (* with s.th.); to do good, be
Jl-*-
oharitable; to do favors, do good (Jl or
*- hasama (haam) to cut, sever, out off
t
V to b.o.), do (Jl or L» s.o.) a good turn,
(a s.th.); to nniah, complete, terminate be nice, friendly (Jl or ^ to s.o.); to give
alms, give charity (Jl to s.o.) |
4i_*-l U j_*-l ahaan* pl. ,^-U-l ahärin 1 better;

mä ahaanahü how good he is! how hand- nicer, lovelier, more beautiful ; more
some he ifl! wJu^-l ahsanta well done! excellent, more splendid, more admirable |

bravo! iJli^i J-*-' (almäniya) to master t±* II U- j-*-1 _>» he iß better off than

the German language, knowQerman well; they are; j_»-l j> JJl> (bi-Uati) in a
•bJ—Ul jr-*-! to aim well or accurately; friendly manner, amicably, with kindness

«jjjJL* Jr-*-' (ma^ürataAü) to give good

•b_*- Aamd' 1 pl. öl-*- Ai*2n (of a wom-
advice ; ^ jläi I j-*- (zötitw ) to have a good
1
an) beautiful, a beauty, a belle
opinion of ..., judge s.th. favorably;
J-A-l al-humä pl. -d* (f. of ,>-p.^I
4iL*L&* j-*-l (mu'dmaZaJa^ü) to treat s.o.
al-ahsan) the best outcome, the happy end*
well V to become nicer, more handsome,
ing; fair means, amicable manner J-J-Lj
more beautiful; to improve, ameliorate, |

amicably, by fair means, in a friendly

get better X to deem (* s.th.) nice, etc.,
manner; ^-A-i »Lr*Vl (aamd') the 99 at-
or good; to regard (* e.th.) as right, ad-
tributes of God
visable or appropriate; to approve {* of
s.th.), sanction, condone {* s.th.); to como 4i_*- Aaozna pl. -<W good deed, bene-
to like, to appreciate (* s.th.), find pleas- faction; charity, alms; pl. ob-«- advan-
uro (* in s.th.); also — IV: j-*u-l tages, merita

«j>LtVl (ingüiziya) to know English well; üj_*- Ao4ffün pl. Ü^-U-*- hasäsin 3 gold-
pass. ustuhsina to be good, commendable, finch
advisable
i_#t ma/uanä e.th. nice, a.th. good;
j-*- husn beauty, handsomeness, pret- advantage; pl. ^yU- mahäsin* beauties,
tiness, lovelineas; ezcellence, Buperiority, charms, attractions, merita, advant&ges,
perfection |
AJ-I j-L li-h. il-hazz fortu- good qualities
nately; IJ^i-JI j_*- good manners, good
,>—* tahain beautification, embellish-
behavior; good conduct; i^LJIj ^-Jl j_*-
ment; improvement, amelioration, better-
(A. aa-aair) an irreproachable life; j-*-
ment; processing, refining, finishing; (pl.
hj^^ill A. at-ta$arruf discretion, individual
jwl* toh&ain 3 ) ornament, decoration |

judgment; jliJI j_»- %. a?-fann good

opinion, favorable judgment; j^i\ j-*-
O J—Jl t>—^ '* an-mwJ eugenics
ii-L* muAdjana friendly treatment,
euphemism; (S-Jl) x-*iJI j-*- h. al-qafd
kindlineas, amicability
(an-niya) good intention, good will, good
faith; *_a->j j-*- h. yüsuf beauty spot, jU-*-l »A«ln beneficence, charity, alms-
patch; j-L\ c— - ritt al-husn a kind of giving, Performance of good deeds
bindweed (Convolvulus cairicus L. ; bot.);
y^ tahaaaun improvement, amelio-
(

deadly nightshade, belladonna way

ration |
,>-»dl J on the to recovery

j-*- hasan pl. jl_*- Ai«Jn beautiful, jL-w.J iatika&n approval, consent;
handsome, lovely; pretty, nice; good, acclaim; discretion; application of dis-
agreeable; excellent, superior, exquisite; cretion in a legal decision (Isl. Law)
l-..i- hasanan well, sptendidly, excellently,
muhassin embellisher,
beautifully; ÜLJ-I the ladies; — high j, -^

improver; pl.ob—^ muhaaainät cosmetics

beautifior,

sandhill

j^JL-A-l al-hasaniyün the Hasanides,

j-^ muhain beneficent, charitable

the descendants «of Hasan, son of 'Ali ji.i-i* - muatahaan approved, commend-
and Fatim a able; pleasant, agreeable
 (*'

(s-*.) 1_*- hasä u (hasw), V and VIII to drink, throng; concentration, massing (esp. of
sip (* s.th.) troops); mobilization, calling up (of an
army)
_>-.*- hasw and »1_*- {taad* soup, broth
xL£- tahai&ud pl. -ät ooncentration (of
*^.*- Aoiuxi pl. fcuauxU a sip
troops)
^-*- Auswa pl. husuwOt, husawtU, L-*-l
jLlI*-i ihti&Od pl. -öi gathering, crowd;
ahsiya a sip, emall quantity of liquid;
concentration (of troops)
soup, broth; bouillon
xiU- häSid numerous (of an assembly),
^i*- AaJ&i u (haiS) to mow, out (* s.th.) II to orowded (of a public demonstration)
smoke hashish
O IJ-IU h&üda battery (eJ.)

Jtt*. haiU (coli.) pl. J&i+. hatä'iP

i*- haSara i u (ha&r) to gather, assemble,
herbB, grassee; weeds; hay; hemp (Can-
rally (• people); to cram, crowd, pack,
nabis sativa L.; bot.), hashish, oannabia;
j'am (together); to Bqueeze, press, force,
Btillborn child |
jbjill ,J+l*- h. ad-dindr
hops
stuff, tuck (.jo or j * s.th. into)

j-^' rji youm al-haSr the day of con-

*Jui^- haHia (n. un.) herb
gregation (of the dead), the Day of Ren-
(jiLt*- haiSüi pl. -ün Bmoker or chewer urrection
of hashish, hashish addict
•yi*- ha&ara pl. -ät insect; pl. vermin,
^LL*- AuAW, UUL*- AuAUa last breath, inject pesta | ol^^J-l L 'Um al-h. ento-

last Bpark of life

^jijj-i*- ÄaÜrfi (eg.) sap-green, reseda- <jj£+- ha£art insectile, insectival, inseot-
colored (in Compounds) ; entomologic(al)

J& mihaSi, \t£ mihai&a pl. jXt. ma* £_ri*- ha&raja and II tahahaja to rattle in
häiP aickle, scythe; fire iron, poker the throat

<t£- mihaiia pl. -öi (eg.) tool for i^i*- hairaja rattling, rattle in the
weeding, weeder throat

r^t- mahSaS, ÜU-

lt L
^^- m.-käna hash- «_Ü»- V to be dressed shabbily, dress slovenly
ish den
>Ja±+- haüaf dates of inferior quality
pi- U mahäOP ÜJL*- haSafa glans (penis; anat.)
hashish den
viLl*- haSaka i (ha£k) to cram, jam, squeeze,
L— haSada i u {ha&d) to gather, concentrate,
stuff (j m s.th. into)
masa (» esp. troops), call up, mobilize

(> an army); to pile up, Btore up, accn- -i». haiama i (haim) to shame, put to shame
mulate {» s.th., Jl at a place) II to amass, (. s.o.) II and IV do. V and VIII to be

accumulate (* B.th.), masa, concentrate (• ashamed to face a.o. (^ or j^j; to be

esp. troops) V and VIII to rally, come to- reticent, modeat, shy, baahful, diffident

gether, assemble, gather, crowd together, «- ÄaJawi servants, retinue, entourage,

throng together; to be concentrated, be Buite
massed (troops); to fall into line (troops)
LJj- hiSma shame, basbfulness, timid-
U*. haid pl. ijj±- huiüd assembling, ity, diffidence; modesty; decency, de-
rallying ;
gathering, assembly, crowd, corum
 ;

r*
-J>- fei&in pl. •|cl*- huSamä' 2 modest, ' .».< iahSiya Insertion; interpolation

timid, basbiul, shy, diffident

JAJ. iah&Hn avoidance
-51* maAdßm 1 pubes, genitals <J\ß~ häüya pl. ^V" Aawä&n border;

J& tahaMum and aLU— I i/itt&Sm seam, hem; edge; margin (of a book);
ehame, shyness, modesty, reticenee, de- marginal gloss; marginal notes; oom-
cency, decorum mentary on certain words and passages
of a book, supercommentary footnote; ;

-il* muAta&'m shy, bashful; modest,

postscript; retinue, entourage, suite,
reticent, decent, decorous
servants; dependents; pl. ^J^ critical

^^) iL*- KaSä u (ha&w) to atuff, fill, dress apparatus |

i-iU-l jJj and ^JjA-l JJj
(w * B.th. with; esp. fowl, eto.); to fill nice, polite, courteous, gracious, amiable,

in (a s.th.); to load [m a firearm; mm kindly, friendly; S-iU-l üj riqqat al-h.

s.th. with, o.g., a oamera); to fill (m niceness, amiability, graciousness

a tooth); to insert (* s.th.) II to inter-

jiJ. mahfrüw filled, dressed; stuffed;
polate (* s.th.); to insert (* s.th.); to mahiüwdt
loaded (firearm); pl. Cj]^*-
provide (* s.th.) with a margin; to hem
filled, or stuffed, diahes
(m a dress); to supply (* a book) with
marginal notes or glosses III to exoept, ^iit mahHy filled, stuffed (esp. food);

from) V to keep away, s.th. filled or stuffed

oxclude (j* » s.o.

stand aloof, abstain (j* from), avoid, to s.o.)

_^»- frawa
)
u to fall as a share (•
Bhun (j* B.th.), beware (j* of), be on
III to share (• * s.th. with s.o.) IV to
one's guard (j* against) VI to keep away,
allot s.o. (•) hie share
abstain (j* or j* from), beware (* or
je or j* of), avoid, shun (m or je or j* ljs»- hu$f saffron

s.th.) c«*. hiffa pl. (j^-*»- At<KZf sharo, portion,

allotment; share (/In.) contingent, quota;

jl*. hoho that with which s.th. is
;

apan of time ; lesson, class period «-*-

stuffed or filled; dressing, stuffing (of |

fowl, etc.); filling (of teeth); insertion; fj\ j A. /i r-ra6A dividend O «-*~
(fin.);

{gram.) parentheais; interpolation ( _ ri^ldl founders' share; O j«-*J-l f^

quota System, apportionment ; «.*»- <j
»jl*. haMea pl. -Ol filling, stuffing
»j^-j in a short time
(oushion, oookery, eto.) ; load (of a
charge (of a mine); panel, A~+£ tah$i$ quota System, apportion-
cartridge), tJ

inlay, inserted piece (in paneling, in a door) ment

\1p~ Julian pl. »li*-l aAW bowels, i^L*. muAOwa allotment; sharing (with
s.o.), partaking, participation
intestines; interior, inside |
»Li»-I j in

the interior of, within, in

JUL**- see «»-

^ lyiian = Li»- haian

u ^^. hofoba
if

% u to oover or strew with

<JL^. ha&lya pl. -ät, \A±*- JiaMyä pebbles or gravel (* ground); to macad-
cushion, pillow; mattress amize (* ground), metal (* a road);

UU-, ^U- hO&a (with genit., aco. or J) — hafiba a and pass. hvfiba to have the

except, save 4i ^U-, 4) UU- God foibid! measles II to cover or strew with pebbles
|

LiU- far be it from you that you or gravel (* ground); to macadamize

jt iU . . .

Ji jiU, iü J\~ (Mio) =4 LftU, iü UU (* ground), metal (> a road)

 j

181

i_—«*> hoQdb road metal, crushed rock, involve (* s.th.); — ha^ira a (ha^ar) to
baUast be in a fix, be in a dilemma III to en-

•Lrfw- Aa$6fl* 8 (coli.) pebblea; gravel

cirole, Surround {*, » s.o., s.th.); to
shut off, seclude (*, * s.o., s.th.); to
4
rra»- hafba measles (med.) block (a s.th.); to beleaguer, besiege
i-^lj- Adftba storm, hurricane {*, • s.o., s.th.); to blockade (a, • s.o.,

s.th.); to detain, deter, restrain (• s.o.)

^owm. ^wp^wpa to be or become clear, piain, VII to be straitened, confined, narrowed
manifest; to come to light (truth) in; to be or become restricted, limited

•4» ha$ada » u (ha$d, jU*- ha$öd hi$äd) to

(<-< or j to) ; to limit o.s. (._j or j to) ; to be
t

harvest, reap (* s.th.); to m'ow {* s.th.)

Condensed (j to), be concentrated ( j in);
to be or become united (e.g., <*5^- £*£
IV, VIII and X to be ripe
under s.o. 's rule); to be reducible (j to),
x*v- fyaQd and iL»*- A»#hZ harvesting, be expressible (j in terms of), oonsist (
reaping, harvest; jU*- harvest time in)

X-«*- ha?id, !-L^- ha^ida pl. aJL**- Aa* o»- ha$r encirclement, encompass-
_r
ßä'i'ti
2
crop,
everything without exception
harvest yield | -t-a»-j
^ ment, enclosure, oorralling; parenthesiz
ing; blocking, blockading, beleaguering,

jLm- ha$$üd reaper; harvester siege ; detention, determent ; restraint,

retention, Containment, check; limita-
x*£- mijifad pl. o^Lfi maA&pwi' sickle
tion, restriction, connnement; narrowing
O !jU- ka$$äda and O »-U«* mih* gathering, coDecting (of s.th. scattered),
$ada mowing machine, mower | O «->Lm- compilation ; enumeration, listing, count

i-ljj (tiarrtlsa) combine ing, Computing; centralization, concen^

tration; (tobaeco) monopoly ^^A-Ij striot
-U*U- Aä^tti reaper |

ly speaking;
_ rmL\ J^w Jp exhaustively
O *-U*L»- h&$ida mowing machine, ltj+d\ j**»- h. at-tamwin rationing; I**^p
mower 'alämat al-h. parantheses, brackets
r»i-
_
1

j^o£ maApütf harvested, reaped, mown (typ.); _r*L\ C^s Jftaj 1/ (yadkulu) or
*J j-m*- V (ha$ra) boundless, infinite, im-
-L*£ mu/uüZ and -i .«w— mu*taA?»d ripe
.»
measurable, innumerable; -*i-l 3jä* y<**
/ _

*> Aafara t u (ha$r) to Surround, encircle, füqu l-hap-a do.; O j*±-\ «jLj-l ijäzat

encompass, ring
al-h. patent on an invention; j**»- «jljl
(* s.th.); to enctose
iiLUlj ^sJI idärat A. at-tibg wa-t-tumbäk
(a s.th.); to parenthesize (* a word);
to blockade (*, Government Tobacco Monopoly (Syr.)
» s.o., s.th.); to besiege,

beleaguer (*, » s.o., s.th.); to detain, j-m»- hup- retention (of urine) ; consti-
deter, restrain, contain, hold back {* s.o.); pation
to limit, restrict (j * or «_j s.th. to); to

condense, reduce in scope (* j-m»- ha$ar dyslogia, inability to express

s.th.); to
o.s. effectively
narrow down, confine (j * s.th. to, also

a suspicion to s.o.); to bring together, .>-«*- ha$ir pl. r^»- hitgur mat
_
compile, arrange (j * s.th. under a
rubric); to enter {J * s.th. in a list); to
•_£-**- hafira pl. JL**. ha$a'ir* mat

put together, set up, list, enumerate jL**- hifär block, blockage, barrier;
(* s.th.); to comprise, contain, include, blockade; siege
 ; ;

182

I^U- muhä^ara block, blockage, bar- obtain (J* s.th.); to auquire (J* s.th.);

her; blockade; siege to collect (J* fees) X to procure for o.a.,

get (J* s.th.); to attain, receive, obtain
jL**i inhif&r reatrictednese, limitation,
(J* s.th.); to acquire (J*
s.th.)
confinement; (tobacco) monopoly

blocked, blockaded; J^a» hufül setting in, occurrence, in-

jy*£- malifür
beleaguered, besieged; limited, reBtricted, cidence, happening (of an event or pro-
cess); obtain ment, attainment (J* of
confined (j to); narrow
s.th.); achievement (Jp of s.th.); aoqui-
unripe and sour
»
r«. hifrim (coli.; n. un. *)
aition (
J* of s.th.)
grapes (ayr.)
1U.W- hafUa pl. JJL*»- hafä'iP rest, re-
_^ r ^ hafufa u («iL*»- haf&fa) to have sound
i

mainder ; amount collected, proceeds,

judgment, be judicious, discriminating
returns; revenue, receipts, yield, income,
i
_'^ r ^ hafif endowed with sound judg- takings
ment, judiciouB, discriminating
J-y*-, «Ly and iL*i_p- look up alpha-
^ -~- ha?if endowed with Bound betically
judgment, judicious, discriminating
*J L*»- hagfäla collection box, alms box
«iL*»- httfäfa sound judgment, judi-
J^rf. mah$al result, outcome, upshot,
ciousness
issue
\&— haQala u {J>-*«- hufül) to set in; to be
X-**- tahfil pl. -ät attainment, obtain-
there, be existent, ertant; to arise, come
ment, gain; aoquisition {also of knowl-
about; to result, come out; to happen,
edge) ; learning, studying, scientific stud-
occur, tranapire, come to pass, take
iea; collection, raising, levy(ing), call-
place; to happen, occui* (J to s.o.), come
ing in (of funds, taxes) ; income, revenue,
(J upon s.o.), befall, overtake (J s.o.); to
receipts, returns, proceeds; resume, sum-
originate, emanate, derive, stera (j- from),
mary, gist (of a speech or opinion) ; j*
be caused, be produced (j- by) ; to attain,
obtain, get, receive, acbieve (J* s.th.),
Jli jl J-*U-I Jr^ m Bummary, it may
be said . . .

win s.o. or s.th.); to come int©

(J*
possession (J* of B.th.); to
seek (J* a jJ>~** tahfilgi (eg.) = J~-* muhatfü
permit), apply <J* for a permit); to
J^U häfil pl. J-*ly- hawtyW setting in,
collect, recover (J* a debt), call in (J*
occurring, taking place, happening; re-
funds); to receive, take in
(J* s.th.) product (also
Bult, outoome, sum, total,
II to cause s.th. (*) to happen or set in; receipts, proceeds,
math.) ; revenubs,
to attain, obtain (* s.th.); to acquire returns; crop, harvest;
gain; income,
(* s.th., also knowledge); to infer, deduce
warehouse, storehouse, granary, depot,
{* s.th.); to collect (• a fee, faxe, etc.),
magazine; main content, purport, gist,
levy (a taxes, fees, etc.), call in (* money)
essence, substance (of a speech); J-^U-1
to Bummarize, aum up (* s.th.) V to
oS-»U produot(s),
briefly, in short; pl.
result (^ Crom), come out (sum); to be
yield, produce, production (econ.)
obtained, be attained; to be raiBed, be
levied, be required, be demanded; to be J^«* mahfül pl. -ät, J-*l* mahüfiP
result, outcome, issue ; yield, gain
taken in, come in (fees, taxes, funds);
product, produce; crop, harvest; pro-
to be collected {taxea); to procure for
o.b., get B.th.); to attain, receive, duction
(J*
 ; ;

183

J««£ muha^fil ooUector ; tax collector J~*£- tafyawun securing, safeguarding,

caahier; (bus, streetcar) conductor protection, protectedness

J-o*«i* mutahagsil yield, revenue, pro- j-rf muha$san fortified; entrenched;

ceeds, receipt«, returns (j-. froni) immune, proof (±1 didda against)

**- ha$una u (oL**- ha$äna) to be inac- i^jtjt muhfina, muh^ana sheltered,

well- protected, chaste ; of unblemished
cessible, be well fortified; to be chaste
reputation (woman; Isl. Law)
(woman) II to make inaccessible (* s.th.);
to Btrengthen (* s.th.) to fortify entrench
; ,
»- IV to oount, enumerate (* B.th.); to
(m s.th.); to immunize, make proof (xJ
calculate, compute (* B.th. j-. from); to
didda against) IV to make inaccessible
debit, Charge
(J* * s.th. to s.o.'s ac-
(* B.th.); to fortify, entrench {* B.th.);
count), hold (* s.th.
J* against s.o.) | V
to be chaate, pure (woman); to remain
iS
*£- (yuh$ä.) innumerable
chaste, be of unblemished reputation
(woman) V to strengthen one's position, lS
^- ha^an (coli.) pebbles, little Btones

protect o.b. ; to be fortified to be seoure,

; •L*.- haqäh, ly+»- hafwa pl. oLa*<
be protected ha&tydt little stone; pebble; calculus,

^u- stone (med.) *Jy IL*»- (bauliya) cystio

fyipn pl. üj~*»- hufün fortresa, fort, |

oalouluB; \j\jJu* ;L*»- (fafräwiya) gall-

Castle, citadel, stronghold; fortification,
atone, biliary calculus
entrenohment ; protection |
y'lU j-o- Fly-
ing Fortresa üU lS
ä»»- ha$& lubän, 0UU**- rosemary
(bot.)
üUd»- hifün pl. j***- hufun, iu**J ahfina
horse; stallion |
^^Jl üU**- h. al-bafyr i$j~*~ haqawi atony, pebbly, gravelly
hippopotamus; ^jlit. üU**- (bitkäri) iron
»U**-l ihqü' pl. -£/ count, counting;
horse; OL**- Ij* qüwat h., or üL**- alone,
enumeration ; calculation, computation
horse power
statistios |
üSwJI »L**-l i. aa-sukkän census
,>-*- hafin inaccessible, strong, forti-
jL-*-l ihfä'l atatiatic(al); (pl. -ün)
fied, firm, secure(d), protected; immune,
statistician
proof, invulnerable (.Li didda against) |

ü*««*-! Jr**-' (fr*?™) stronghold (flg.; e.g.,

4JU**-I ihq&'iya pl. -öl statistios

of radicalism)
tp- hadda u (hadd) and II to spur on, incite
abü l-hu^ain fox goad, prod
J>~*i~\ji\ (* s.o., J* to), (• s.o.,
J* to
do B.th.)
o U*»- hagäna strength, ruggedness,
forbiddingnesa, impregnability, inaccessi- (j^*- ha44 incitement, inducement,
bility ; Bhelteredness, chastity (of a prodding, prompting, instigation
woman); invulnerability, inviolability;
iri*- had%d
_r
(
pl. ^jjkjt»- hudud, «^»-1
immunity (of deputies, diplomata; against
ahidda foot of a mountain; lowland;
illnese)
perigee (astron.); depth; State of decay
|

jwt^ tahpin pl. -ät fortification, en- I

Jl J> to sink: low (flg.); Jl «fj
trenchment ; strengthening, cementing, LI {(&JfcfcaAü)toruins.th.completely,
solidification; immunization run B.th. into the ground

uu**-l*Ä0ä»blameIessness, unblemished 'u- fyadara u (jj^~ hudür) to be present (*

reputation, integrity (Isl. Law) at), be in the presence (* of s.o.); to
 184

attend (» s.th.); to be present (* in s.o.'s population, town dwellers (as opposed to

mind), be readily recalled (# by s.o.); to nomads)

take part, participate (1—Lt majlisan
iSjl— hafari settled, sedentary, res-
in a meeting); to come, get (Jl or #, •
ident, not nomadic, non-Bedouin, like
to s.o., to a place), arrive (Jl or * at a urbanites; civilized; urban; town dweller
place); to visit (* a place), attend (* a
*jJ**- ha^ra presence |
~*j~l*- j ™ the
publio event), go {* to a Performance,
presence of . . .; i-UI »
/ ^J-
1
{'aliya) His
etc.); to appear (A*\ before a judge, etc.,
Highness (formerly, title of the Bey of
Jl in, at), show up (Jl in, at); to betake
Tunis); ftr**- » respectful form of ad-
o.e., go (Jl,>. from... to);(:jUi»- hafära)
dress, eep. in letters; j^^jJI •/-*- cf.
to be eettled, sedentary (in s civilized
Fr. Monsieur Je docUwr
region, as oppoeed to nomadio existence)
II to ready, make ready, prepare (* jjti— hwjür presence; visit, partici-

s.th., also, e.g., a medicine = to Com- pation, attendance; (as one pl. of^U-)
pound), make, produce, manufaoture those present | *jj~**: in his presence;

(* s.th.); to study, prepare (* a leason); <UjU jj~i>- k. al-hafla attendance of the

to fetoh, get, bring (» s.o., * s.th.), celebration ; j*Jl\ jj-**- A. ad-dihn presence

procure, supply (* s.th.); to settle (• of mind; j jj- «Sj j waraqat h. summons

s.o.), make s.o. {•) sedentary; to civilize (jur.)

{• s.o., m s.th.) III to give a lecture, jjj-m*- hutfüri: 5jjj«i*- ^Kj-I (afykäm)
present s.th. in a lecture (• to s.o.); to judgments delivered in the presence of
lecture, give a course of lectures IV to the litigant parties after oral proceedings
fetch, get, bring (*, • s.o., s.th.), procura, (jur.); L jj~i*- fiiufüriyan contradictorily
supply (* s.th.); to take (• s.o., * s.th., (jur.)
Jf to a place) | •** «,-i*-! to have s.th.
«jUi». hcujAra civilization; culture; set-
with one, bring s.th. along V to preparo
tledness, sedentariness
o.s., ready o.a., get ready (J for); to
•>**- ha4ira pl. j-'lJw- Jw^d'tr* a small
be ready, prepared; to become settled,
be sedentary in a civilized region; to be group of 6 to 12 people (specif., the

civilized, be in a state of civilization ; to smallest unit of boy scouts = patrol);

become urbanized, become a town aection, squad (mtl.; Syr.)

dweller Till to come (• to s.o.), be in the j*£- majvjar presence; attendance, Com-
presence (• of s.o.); to live in a civilized ing, appearanoe (of s.o.); assembly, meet-
region; pasa. uhtutfira to die X to have ing, gathering, Convention; (pl. _r*l* »w
e.th. (*) brought, to call, send (#, • for häqlir*) minutes, official report, proces-

B.o., for s.th.), have s.o. (•) come; to verbal, record of the faotual findings |

Bummon (* s.o.); to fetch, procura, *j}~\ j^A m. al-jard inventory listj^pÄ***

supply, get, bring (* s.th.); to conjure, 4^» bi-mahfarin minhu in s.o.'s presence

call up, evoke {* a spirit); to visualize, jjj- tahfär preparing, ready ing, making
envision, call to mind (* s.th.); to carry
ready; (pl. -ät) preparation (J for; also
with o.8., bring along (* s.th-); to pre- e.g., for an examination) making, prepa- ;

pare (*, e.g., a medicinal preparation) ration, cooking {of food, etc.), production,
manufaoture
j±»- hadar a civilized region with towns
and villages and a settled population äs^Ä tahtfirl preparatory, prepara-
(as opposed to desert, steppe); settled tive 0*~W *&**»*& wJ-M (mu'aüimin)
|
 185

preparatory institutes for teachere, teach- ,>**- hadana u {hadn, «Li*- hidäna) to clasp
ers* Colleges (Eg.) in one's arms, embrace, hug ( s.o.);

»jjf[^ muhätpira pl. -<K lecture

to nurse, bring up, raise (• a child);
(Aatfn, ü 1
-^*- hidän, «Li*, hüjäna,
jUi*-l ihdär procurement, supply, fetch-
OjJi*- hudün) to hatch, brood, ineubate
ing, bringing
{* an egg; of a bird) VI to embrace one
jJl£- tahatfdur civilized way of life another, cling to one another, nestle
against each other VIII to clasp in one's
jLij-l ihtujdr demise, death
arms, embrace, hug (*, • s.o., s.th.); to
jUi*-i-l iatikdär making, production,
harbor in one's bosom (* feeling); to
manufacture ; preparation ; summoning | hatch, concoct, contrive (* B.th.); to bring
r^jj^^ jLi»^-l istihdär al-arwäh evoca-
up, raise (• a child)
tion of spirits, Bpiritism
,>«*- hüjln pl. üUi*-l ahdän breast, bosom
^>U- hüdir pl. jJk*- huddar, jj~**- (between the outstretched arms); armful,
hvdür preaent ; attending ; ^->U- i the that which can be carried in one's arms j

present (time); prepared (J for); ready; j-il-L *iJ (qabilahü) he reeeived him with
(pl. jLU huddär, *j~^- hadara) settled, open arms; o\Ju»\ jy and üLi*-1 j amid,
eeden tary, resident, village or town among; with, in the presence of (s.o.);
dweller, not nomadio |
^-iU-l j or cJjJl j »I_^~*ll oU*-\ j {fahrä') in the heart
y-ili.1 at preBent, now; _^AJI j^*- h. (or folds) of the desert; L*JLi»-i jo Jj-UI
al-fikr quick-witted, quick at repartee; she took me in her arms
^U aJÜ (naqd) cash, ready money
iiUi*- hidäna, hadana raising, bringing
•j-il*- hSdira pl. jJ*\y- hawädir* Capi- up, nursing (of a child); hatebing (of
tal city, metropoüs; city (as a center an e gg)> ineubation j
i*LiJ-l jlj children's
of civilization) home, day nursery, creche
jj-*£ mahdür possessed, haunted or
Ov^*" hadin embraced, hugged, resting
inhabited by a jinni; demoniao in s.o. 's arms
j*ä£- muhaddir maker, producer, manu- mahdan pl. j«il* mahädtn*
Jr«**
facturer; diasector {med.) children's home, day nursery, creche
j-*\^> muhä$ir lecturer, Speaker uLij- 1 ihtidän embrace, bug(ging),

jj&- muhtfir court usher aecolade

j*ä»c* mutahad^ir civihzed ~<-J>\p~ hädina pl. ^ij»- hawSdin 1 nurse*

maid, dry nurse
j-*z4- mvhtadar dying, in the throes
j^-i* muhtafön embracing, hugging;
of death, on the brink of death ; a dying
tender, affectionate
peraon; haunted or inbabited by a jinni;
demoniac J*>- hafta u to put, place, put down,
(haff)

_r*—z—' mustahdar pl. -dU preparation set down (* s.th.); to take down (* a

(ehem., pharm.) tj\js jJ^^i—* (dawä'%)

|
load, bürden); to lower, decrease, di-

medicinal preparation minish, reduce (* or j* s.th.); to de-

preciate (»j-ü j* min qadrihi or *i*J j» min
j^r-**- hadramaut 2 Hadhramaut
qimatihi the value of s.th.) |
JU^I iu-
\j_fJk— hadraml pl. fjLi*- hatfärim 9 man (rihäla) to halt, make a stop, dismount,
from Hadhramaut; Hadhramautian (adj.) encamp (while travcling on horsehack,
 ;; —

camelback, etc.); —« (M, ty^ A*f«*) amwäj) short-wave transmitter Station;

to sink, descend, go down; to alight •li^SÜI xSy iL* m. taulxd al-kahrabä' and

(bird); to land (airplane); to drop {price) iJ\jjjS' iL* power plant

II to put down, set down, take off, un-

J»IL*'I inhifit decline, fall, decay. de-
load (* a load) VII to sink, descend, go cadence; inferiority |
J»lL*Vl ^l-*-'
down; to decrease, diminish; to decline, iheäa al-inh. sense of inferiority
decay, wane VIII to put down, set down,
J»IL*I inhifäfi postclassical writer
take down (* ß.th.)

down; ,L*^l. munhatt low, base, low-level, low-

j». hatt(&ct of) putting or setting
grade; fallen, degraded (woman); mean,
depreciation, belittling, derogation, dis-
reduction, vile, vulgär; inferior
paragement (j* of s.th.);

diminution, decrease (<y of s.th.)

hafaba i to gather nrewood ^J*»-
Ja»- |

&»- hifia alleviation, «lief, mitigation «L». J {fl hablikl) to support s.o., stand

abasement, debasement, demotion, deg- by b.o., back s.o. up VIII to gather

radation (in rank, dignity, prestige) nrewood
humiliation, insult, indignity ahiäb nrewood
Jm- hafab pl. v -^-
1
1

jwl dfyatß lower

^IL»- haffäb wood gatherer; wood-
«U^ hafifa price reduction cutter, lumberjack; vendor of nrewood

W- mahaU place at which s.th. ia

tahfib singlestick fencing (a

put down or deposited; stopping place, populär game, esp. in rural areas; eg.)

stop; pause, fermata, hold, concluding

^UU häfib wood gatherer; woodcutter,
Btrain, cadence (mvs.) |
JL1/I J** object
lumberjack; vendor of nrewood | ,_.!»&
of hope, that on which one's hopes are
jj ica-häfibi laüin lit.: like one who
pinned; jltiV' J«# <JK* to attract the
gathers wood at night, i.e., blindly, at
glances, draw attention to o.s. ;
f
^1 it^
(said of s.o. who does
random, heedlessly
m. al-kaläm sense, or meaning, of one's
not realise, or think about, what he is
words
doing)
iL* mahafta pl. -ät stopping place,
1
hafama % (hofm) to break, shatter,
stop (also of public conveyances) ; Station,
.

post; railroad Station; broadcasting Sta- smash, wreck, demolish (* s.th.) II = I;

jLJI «L* V to break, go to pieces; to be broken,

tion, radio Station | Ji^»*
1

m. tahteil at-tayydr transformer Station; be smashed, be shattered; to crash (e.g.,

(^LiUI) «liVi iL* m. al-itäa (al-lä- airplane, structure, etc.); to be wrecked

BÜkiya) broadcasting Station, radio Sta- (ship) VII = V

tion; transmitter (Station); v-h> *^ UU- hifma pl. jj»- hifam particle,
(ra'iäiya) (railroad) main Station; O «L* smaU piece, shred, bit, morsel; s.th.

oljLiVl m. al-iSärät signal post; O «L* broken

JUj^I m. al-irsäl transmitter (Station;
*LU*- hupäm debris, rubblo; fragments,
radio); «j^I iU-y^J iL* (li-l-arpäd al-
shards, broken pieces; wreckage, wreck
jawunya) meteorological Station, weather
(of a ship) |
LJ JJ^ fLL»- h. ad-dunyä the
Station; -Ji^Jl IL* m. 09-90*} (Eg.) pump
ephemeral things of this world, the
Station (for dratnage) ; power plant ; O iL* vanities of the world
JLJii— "b/l receiving Station (radio); O «L*
j-l^.^1 v<—j 5-SL-V (lä-silkiya qapirat al-
-U- haftm smashed, shattered, wrecked
 ;

£J- iahflm smashing, shattering, Compound, yard, pound, pinfold; oorral,

wreoking, breaking, demolition, destruc- pen, paddock, coop; hangar, shed; field,
tion, disruption | O J-U-.l J«t "••
_• -
domain, realm (fig.) | .jji»- j (with foll.
icebreaker (naut.) genit.) inside of, within; «jjji»- JI 4jj»-

|J^ tahaffvm crumbling, disintegra- (jaiabahü) to bring s.o. under one's in-

tion;cnuh (of an airplane); coUapae, fluence; cAJVJh j\$i*. airoraft hangara;

breakdown ^XäJI *jJö- A. al-qvd* Paradise

jjlK maAffir
U.U. hifima: O -ÜJ.I <J.U- icebreaker interdicted, prohibited,

(naut.) forbidden (J* to s.o.); embargoed; pl.

&\>Ji& forbidden things, reatriotions
|J^ mu^atfim crashing, thundering,
roaring (of an explosion, etc.) — muAaf» (ji- and Jb.) Ji~ haziya a (ijli- huzwa,
/am broken (language) hizwa) to enjoy the favor or good graces
of s.o. {£*), be in s.o.*s (x*) favor or
UtA muhatlima: L-iJ Urf (kdjiya)
good graces; to acquire, obtain, attain,
ioebreaker (naui.)
gain, win ( v s.th.)

Ji». $o»a a (hazz) to be lucky, fortunate

•>!*- huzwa, hizwa favored position,
IV =1 role of favorite; preoedence; favor, grace;

^ &$? pl- J*»!»- huzüz part, portion, good will, benevolence; prestige, credit,
share, allotment; lot, fate, destiny; good Standing, respect, esteem | xs. \J±*. JÜ
luck, good fortune; afnuence, wealth, (^aJ) to find favor with s.o.

fortune; prosperity; pleasure j. Ji»- ji

| *-!•*- haziya pl. Ulli», hazäyä paramour,
endowed withj Jiil j_i ti-humi l-h. miatress, oonoubine
and JU.I l^_»- ^ fortunately, luckily;
«Ji* mahziya pl. -ät paramour, mia-
Jii-I »^ tu' al-h. bad luck, misfortune;
tress, ooneubine
Jü-I .^ sayyt' oi-A. unlucky, unfortu-
nate; JiJ-l »j-J unfortunately; ^*. ^ Ja»- haffa u (haff) to Surround (^ a, • s.o.,

Ji»- luokily for me, fortunately; j. öS" s.th. with, also wj and J,» s.o., s.th.),
jl «•»»
J-— he was lucky in that he . . .; enclose, encompass, border
(v, * s.th.);
U*»* W1* i>-»-' er*! he is no better off than to depüate (» a part of the body), unhair
ahe is (» the skin); to trim, clip (. the beard);

Ji-U. Aafiz lucky, fortunate to chafe, rub off, abrade (* s.th.) |

•jjr*" «* «-** ne is the objeot of ad-

JijlK maAzfif lucky, fortunate; con-
miring glances, he is the center of atten-
tent(ed), happy, glad
tion, all eyes are upon him; — i (^ji*.
ha/t/) to rustle II and VIII to Surround,
Ji- hazara u (Jiosr) to fence in, hedge in
(» s.th.); to forbid (<
J» to s.o. s.th.),
(Jj*-> v *» • a -°'» s.th.), encloBe. encom-
prohibit (*
J* s.o. from doing s.th.) pass, border (S
r , tj. » s.th.)

J»LU- hijäj side

_rw- hazr forbiddance, interdiction, pro-
hibition, ban; embargo ^V**" h<*W rustle, rustling
jUi». hiz&r, hazUr wall, partition, screen ü* mihaffa (also mahaffa) pl, -31 litter,
fence, paliaade, railing stretcher; roller stretcher; sedan

•j&- hazira pl. ,/lli». hazSir* enclo- J»U- Ad/f: JU >». (jwtz) piain bread
sure, railing, fence, palisade, hedge; (without anything to go with it; tg.)
 :

188

«iL- pl, -ät enclosure, edge, »yU- Äö/ira original condition, be-
häffa
margin; brim of a vessel; border, brink, ginning | »^U-l x* on the spot, right

a^
'
verge; fringe, hem <— ~**^~ away, at once; 4^iL- Jl *j~j to revert
| '!A' J*"
Ä. il-fcaräb on the brink of ruin to itB original State or origin

jjji*. mahfür dug ; inscribed, engraved

i*. hafid pl. jLi*-l ahfäd, lAi*- hafada
carved
grandson; descendant, offspring, scion

.Li*- hafida granddaughter i*- hafaza i (hafz) to pierce, stab (# s.o., <->

with the spear); to incite, instigate, urge,

i*. Aa/ara t (hafr) to dig (* s.th.); to drill prompt, induce (J* or Jl » s.o. to s.th.)
(for oil); to excavate (archeol.); to carve V to prepare o.a., get ready, be ready,
(a s.th.); to engrave, etch (* metal) j beabout to do s.th. (J or Jl), set out to do
jiL*- _^i*- to dig trench.es; S^A*- _^i*- (Au/* ready to jump,
s.th. (J or Jl); to get
ratan) to prepare a pitfall, prepare an make a running start; to listen, pay
anibush VII pass. of I; VIII to dig attention VIII to be about to do s.th.,

ji*- hafr digging, earthwork, excava- be ready (J for)

tion (also archeol.); unearthing; drilling }ä£ tahaffuz preparedness, readiness;

(for oil); oarving, inscribing (e.g., of vim, dash, verve, sweep, elan
letters); engraving, etching; graphic
jiU- häfiz pl. j>\f*-
hawäßz 2 spur, drive
arts (etching, wood engraving); scurvy
(Jfttodo s.th.), incentive(Jftto), initiative
(ayr.) |
jiJ-l jl**- jahäz al-h. oil rig; oil

derrick . mutahafflz ready, prepared (J for)

%jÄ*- hufra pl. jÄ*- hufar pit; hollow, i*- haßza a (At/?) to preserve (* s.th.); to
cavity, excavation; hole protect, guard, defend(»fl.o.); to observe,

ijj*- hafriya digging, excavation; bear in mind (* e.th.), comply (* with

be mindful, be heedful (*of s.th.);
O gravure; pl. <^-l
^jJ**" excavations s.th.),

(archeol.) to keep up, maintain, sustain, retain,

uphold (* s.th.); to hold, have in safe-
jU*- haffär digger; engraver; driller;
keeping (* s.th.), take care (*ofa.th.);
stone mason |
j^Jtll jU*- gravedigger
to keep, put away, save, ßtore (* s.th );

jj&- hafir dug, dug out, excavated, to conserve, preserve (* s.th.); to retain
unearthed in one's memory, remember, know by
heart (* s.th.); to memorize, learn by
»j\J»- hafira pl. y'U*- Ao/ä'tr" s.th.

excavations heart, oommit to memory (* s.th., esp.

excavated or unearthed; pl.
the Koran); to reserve (* *-iJ for
(archeol.)
o.a. s.th.); to stay, discontinue^suspend
1
jji»-l vhfür pl. jäU-l aAö/tr s.th. ex-
(Jgi*dl a judicial investigation; jur.) \

cavated; fossil; pl. excavations (archeol.) Äiil *ki#- may God proteot himl JjjJL; -Wi*-

ji£. mihfar pl. jiU- mahäfir* spade to hold in care of general delivery

(* s.th.); Ü^-jJl j J^u= (yuhfazu) in

^U Aö/ir pl. J]y- hawäfir* hoof ^ij |
care of general delivery, poste restante;
yU-l Jt ^ili-l to coincide, happen to
Jt\ij\ lii>- (uxtfaa) to be loyal to s.o.,
correspond exactly; ^li-l
J* on the keep faith with s.o. II to have s.o. {*)
spot, right ftway, at once keep
memorize {* s.th.) III to preserve,

j^U A^/tri ungular, ungulate up, maintain, uphold, sustain (J* s.th.);
 ; -

189

to supervise, control (J* s.th.), watch «Li*- hifza anger, indignation, resent-

(J* over B.th.); to watch out <J# for), ment, rancor

take care, be heedful, be mindful (J* of),
JiLi*- hifäz pl. -ät dressing, ligature,
look {J# after) t attend, pay attention
bandage |
^ri-l
lj
JiLi*- h. al-haü} sanitary
(J* to); to keep, follow, observe, bear in
napkin
mind (J* s.th.), comply (J# with),
conform {J* to); to protect, guard, Ji-i*- hafiz attentive, heedful, mind-
defend (* and J», also j* s.th.) IV to ful; preserving, keeping, guarding (J*
vex, annoy, gall, irritate, hurt, ofiend B.th.)

(» s.o.) V to keop up, maintain, preserve

üijj*- haflza pl. .Uli*- hafä'iz 2 grudge,
(»_> s.th.) ; to obBerve, keep in mind resentment, rancor
(»_> s.th.), be mindful, be heedful, take
care (»_> of s.th.), be concemed (<_• with); •iixt mahfaza, mihfaza pl. -ät, JiiLrf-

to be cautious, be wary, be on one's mahäßz* folder, bag, satchcl, briefease

guard to be reserved, aloof have diapatch case, portfolio; wallet, pocket-

; ; to
reservations VIII to maintain, uphold book
(t_> or * s.th., e.g,, *sjk£. one's rights); üü*^ mihfaza capsule
to keep up, maintain, retain (._. or *.

. Ji-i* tahflz memorization drill, incul-

s.th., e.g., a posture, a characteristic)
cation (esp. of the Koran)
to take care, take over custody (<_• of
s.o.), protect, guard («_• s.o.); to defend J»Li*- hifäz defense, protection, guard-
(against encroachment), hold, maintain ing (esp. of cherished, sacred thingB);
a possession); to preserve, sustain, preservation, maintenance
(J* of inter-
(<_•

continue, keep up (._. s.th.); to hold, ests); keeping, upholding (of loyalty),
possess (»_> s.th.); to put away, hold, adherence (to u commitment)
have in safekeeping (<_> s.th.), take care
üiil* muhäfaza guarding; safeguard-
(<-> of s.th.); to keep, retain (*_> s.th.);
ing; preservation; protection, defense;
«—iJ JiÄ>-l to keep for o.a., appro-
conservation, sustaining, upholding,
priate, reserve for o.s. (<_; or * s.th.),
retention, maintenance (J* of s.th.)
take complete possession (* of) X to
conservativism {pol.), conservative atti-
aßk to guard or protect {* or J*
s.o. (»)
tude; following, observance (
J* of B.th.),
s.th.); to entrast J* or * • to s.o. s.th.),
(
compliance (J* with s.th.), adherence
com mit s.th.
(J# or *) to the Charge of
s.o. (.)
(J* to); guarding (j* against mUfortune),
saving (^ from misadven^ure); garrison
Jü*- hifz preservation ; maintenance, (mtl.); (pl. -öl) governorate (one of five
sustentation, conBervation, upholding; administrative divisions of Egypt, in
protection, defense, guarding; custody, oddition to 14 mudiriyät); office of the
safekeeping, keeping, storage; retention; muhäfiz (head of a governorate); prov-
observance, compliance (with); memoriz- ince, any one of the larger administra-
memorization meniory; tive districts (Syr.) ^-iJl
ing, ; (;'ur.) dis- | J* ~*L*U\
continuance, stay, Suspension (of legal seif- preservation ; «Lil^l ^mx. ma4hab
action, of a judicial investigation) ahm. conservative movement, conserv-
|

jUVl ativism, Toryism

J*jU- preservation of ancient mon-
uments (Eg.); '<*—*}\ JijU- h. a$-?\hha Jü* tahaffuz caution, wariness, re-
hygiene, Banitation; JiiJ-l JU, police straint, reticence, reserve, aloofnesa; —
 ;
; ;

(pl. -Ol) precaution, precautionary > mutahaffif vigilant, alert, wary,

measure; reservatio!!, Uroiting condition, oautious; retioent, reserved, aloof; staid,

conditional stipulation, proviso |

Jii*«Jl u sedate
with füll reservation
jLtoU— mustahfaz
. pl. -ät reserve (mü.)

lahaffuzi precautionary, pre-

Jü* Ji»- hafala i (haß) to gather, assemble,
ventive |
Uii* £*Uj».l (ijrä'ät) pre-
oongregate; to flow copiously; to be
cautionary measures; JÜ* ^L» (?uiA)
replete, teem, superabound («-» with);
settlement before action, preventive
to pay attention, attend, give one's
settlement {jur.)
mind (u or J to s.th.), concern o.s.

JiUi-l ihtifäz guarding, safeguarding (^ with), make much (v of), set great
preaervation ; retention, maintenance, störe («-» by) ** Ji*. V (hafla) indifferent,
|

eontinuation, conservation, defense, pro- of no consequence II to adorn, decorate,

tection, vindication, sustaining, up- ornament («-» m s.th. with) VIII to gather,
holding; keeping, holding, safekeeping, rally, throng together; to oelebrate (v
cuBtody (v of s.th.) s.th., s.o.); to conoern o.s. (^ or J
with), attend, pay attention, give one's
JkiU- häfif keeper, guarder, guardian,
mind (^ or J to s.th.); to honor, wel-
oustodian, caretaker; (pt. -ULi*- hujf&f,
come, receive kindly (^ s.o.)
<kö- hafaza) one who knows tbe Koran
by heart (formerly an bonorific epithel) *Ji»- haß gathering, meeting, assem-
assembly, congregation, throng,
«lüL- häßza memory; — (pl. Jü|>*-
bling;

orowd ; performanoe, show, publio event

hatoäfiz*) wallet, pocketbook: money
celebration; feast, feetival
order {Sg.)
Uö- hafla pl. -ät assembly, gathering,
bjJtt- mahfüz kept, held in saf«-
meeting, congregation; party; (social or
keeping, deposited, guarded, preserved;
publio) event; show, Performance (the*
memorized, committed to memory, etc.;
ater, cinema); conoert; festirity, oere-
conserved, preserved (food); reserved;
mony, event, celebra-
ensured, aecured, safeguarded; — pl.
tion
festival,

Jub)l ÜjU-
festive

commemoration, oom-
O lU^i* canned goods, oonserves ; archives
|

memorative ceremony for a deceased

memorized materia), what s.o. knowB
person ; ^ji 1 iUA- I (fiW) premiere
by heart iy^ll oll->üil j\* the Egyp-
|

UiU- «U»- numerous assembly; «j/*- *Lu-

tian Public Record Office; «U^i* 0*^TL
(frairiya) oharity Performance, charity
oonBerves, canned goods; XU^i* j^iA-l «-»;
event; jiJJI «Li*- A. ad-dafn funeral
all rights reserved
ceremony, obsequies; S-üi Ui*- (cttntya)

Jiil* muhäfiz eupervisory, Controlling; religious ceremony, Divine Service; «li*-

observing ( J» s.th.), oomplying ( J* with), •/aU and _^-- «Li*- A. «amar evening party,
etc.; conservative {pol.), OjiüL^I the soiree; vti-* *^~ motion-picture show;
Conservatives, the Tones; keeper, guard- iflJÜl «Li»- tea party; ^jjl «Li*- A.

er, guardian, custodian, caretaker, Super- oi-'urff wedding; jLJt-1/l «Lu- (public)

visor, Superintendent; mayor; governor reoeption; «ji^-f* *^**~ ooncert

(Kg. : title of the chief offioer of a gov-
Js**- Aa/iJ eager,
assiduous, diligent
ernorate ; Syr. : chief officer of a prov-

ince) ; director general, president (= Brit. Ji* wwA/ü pl. J*U maAd/ü1 assembly,
governor) congregation, meeting, gathering; party;
 191

body, collective wholc; circle, quarter ineumbent (J* upon s.o.); to be ade-
|

J>-L J-i* Masonic lodge; i^r*^! Ji^i quate, suitable, fitting, appropriate
(J*-
{5—-IjJI) (rasmiya, siyäsiya) the official for s.o.); to be due (J s.o.); *I ^ he
(political) circles or quarters is entitled to it, he has a right to it; J»-
JLk-1 ihtifäl pl. -ät celebration, cere-
4-L he deserved it (punishment); —u
mony, featival, festivitiea
to ascertain (* B.th.), make sure, be sure

(* of s.th.); to recognize, identify {•

JiU- haß pl. Ji». ^ujflW, Jil,^ luiwäfil 2
s.o.) II to make s.th. (*) come true; to
füll < v of), filled, replete ( v with);
realize (* s.th., e.g., a hope), carry out
abundant, copious, Iaviah ; much fre-
(* e.g., a wish), carry into effect, fulfill,
quented, well attended (by viaitors,
put into action, consummate, effect,
partieipants, etc.), numerous (of attend-
actualize (* s.th.); to implement (* e.g.,
ance); soleran, ceremonial, festive
an agreement); to produce, bring on,
«üU häfüa pl. -ät, Jil^ haiväfil 2 yield (* results); to determine, ascertain,

O autobus find out, pinpoint, identify (* s.th.); to

prove s.th. (*) to be true, verify, establish,

Ji* muAto/t/: j^Lc^l the partieipants
substantiate (* s.th.); to confirm, asaert,
in a festive event, the celebrators
aver, avouch, affirm (* s.th.) ; to be
Jii# muhtafal assembly place, gather- exaet, painstaking, meticulous, careful
ing place; party; * JA:* celebrated (a in doing s.th.), e.g., _^iJI ji». (nazara)

ji»- hajana u to scoop up with both handa to look closely; to study, examine,

{* s.th.); to give a Üttle (J to s.o.) investigate, explore {* s.th.), look, in-

quire (* into s.th.); to verify, check {*
öi*. Äa/na pl. hafanät handful
or J s.th.); to investigate (j s.th.;
J
<>*»- and Jj-) Jj-
Aa/Jya a (Sjli*- kafäwa) police); to make an official inquiry (*
to reeeive kindly and hospitably, to into s.th.), Institute an investigation (*
welcome, reeeive with honors, honor (i_j of or into; court; für.); to interro^ate (»*
s.o.) V to behave with affection, be s.o.), conduet a hearing (** of s.o.; jur.)
affectionate (^ toward) VIII do.; to III to contend for a right {• with s.o.),
celebrate {^ an occasion, a festival) contest or litigate a right (» against s.o.)

^ hafly welcoraing, reeeiving kindly, IV to

s.th.);
teil the truth; to be right (j in
to enforce (* s.th., e.g., a legal
greeting (^ s.o., s.th.)

claim) V to prove true, turn out to be

•jLi»- hajäwa friendly reeeption, wel-
true, be confirmed, prove to be correct;
coming, welcome, Balutation {^ of s.o.)
to materialize, become a fact ; to be
»Lji»-I ihtijä' reeeption, welcome, sal-
realized, be effected, come into effect; to
utation (._> of s.o.); celebration, festivity
be examined, be explored; to ascertain

'j*- hafi-ya a (»Li*- fyafä*) to go barefoot; to (* s.th., also j-), make sure, reassure

have sore feet o.s., gain proof, convince o.s., be convinc-

ed, be sure, be certain (* of s.th.); to
ÖL- häfin pl. ili». hufäh barefoot(ed)
check, verify (* or ,y s.th.); to be serious

J>. haqqa i u to be true, tum out to be true, (l-> about s.th.) X to be entitled, have a
be confirmed; to be right, correct; (also claim (* to B.th.); to claim (* s.th.), lay
pass. huqqa) to be necessary, obligatory, claim (* to); to deserve, merit (* s.th.),
requisite, imperative (J* for s.o.), be be worthy (* of); to require, demand,
necessitate, make requisite (* s.th.); to U*» huqqa pl. JJU- Au^o?, JU*- hiqäq,

fall due, become payable (sum of money), ÖU*-I aAfö? small box, case, pot or jar;

mature, become due (note) ; to be due ( reeeptacle, Container; — (pl. -ät, ji*.

s.o.) IjTill Jm:-,* (iikra) worth mention- Au^of) a weight (Syr. t Pal.) = öl uqqa;

ing, noteworthy; *J* fr-'— * *l/ iJ^JUJ U*- = 1.280 kg (Ir.)

fj\
(rasmu) not subjeot to a fee, free of
fr-\ ahaqq* worthier, more deserving
Charge
(i_* of s.th.); more entitled (<-? to B.th.)
rightneas;
fr- Äa^j truth; correctness, j-S*- Aoftg pl. »UM ahiqqd' 2 worthy,
rightful posseasion, property; one'a due;
deserving («_> of s.th.), fit, competent,
duty; proper manner; true, authentic,
qualified ; entitled (<-> to)
real; right, fair and reaaonable; correct,

Bound, ralid; jA-l an attribute of God; <JLö- Ao^Iga pl. jJU*- kaqä'iq* truth,

(pl. 3y*- hxtqüg) right, title, claim, legal reality (also pAÜo*.); fact; the true state

claim (j to); JjiJ-t law, juriaprudence, of affairs, the facta ; true nature, essence

Ü- haqqan really, in reality, real meaning, true aense; haqtqatan

legal Bcienoe ;

in effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly, really, in reality, in effect, actually, in

in truth; justly, rightly, by rights fact, indeed, truly, in truth |

oLi*- J» ol>
j

?iilj ÜJ is that (really) soT reallyT j* I aaw its true nature, as it really is;

justly, rightly, by rights; ji-U truly, in ^\ U-I». J in reality, really, actually;

reality, actually; properly, appropriately, UJu» <J ^-J it does not really exist, it is

in a suitable manner; bi-haqqi and not real

fr-

J as to aa for with respect to,

JJ»»- haqiqi real, true; actual; proper,
. . ., . . .,
fr-
conceming, regarding; fr- J* j* he ifl intrinsic, essential; genuine; authentic;
in the right; iL** ji-t you are right; ji-1 positive
you are wrong; iLl* fr- y> it iß
Tjljr-
Jji- huqüqi juristic(al); (pl. -ün)
your duty; SU* J»- ti* you owe this to
Jurist, jurisprudent, lawyer
me; 4-i* LJÜ- litt^* ft'r/dnan) in re-
Cognition of what he owed her; *5»- fr Li*-t ahagqiya legal claim, title, right

he is entitled to it, it ia bis due; fr öS" Jli*- kaqq&nl correct, right, proper,
jl ü»- he should have..., he ought to
sound, valid, legitimate, legal
have...; j jA-1 <J he is entitled to ...;

Jli jilj (yugdJ) one may aay, it must be «JU*- haqqänlya justice, law |
»jtjj

admitted, it's only fair to aay, say what 4JUM Miniatry of Justice (formerly Eg.)

you will ... though (as a parentheti-

. . .,
J_i* tahqlq realization, actuab'zation,
oal phrase) ; «^11 fr- <Jj* (£<*??«
effeotuation, Implementation; fuUUlment
to know ezactly, know for
r
l-ma rifa) (of a claim, of a wish, etc.); achievement,
certain, know very weil, also ^\ fr- ^ accompliflhment, exeuution ; ascertain-
(haqga l-'ilm) ; ^1 fr- ^ fakima kaqqa ment, determination, identifioation, veri-

l-fahm to understand precisely, com- substantiation ; asaertion, af-

fication;
prehend thoroughly, be fully aware; confirmation; pinpointing,
firmation,
UM JjU II (w'äia) true happiness;
precise determination ; exaetness, ao-
3jkL\ Ltf" Jh*Wiyo( aJ-A. law school,
curateness, precision; (= jkJl J-i* (.

faculty of law an-nufä) precise pronunciation ; — (pl.

socket of a •ät) verification, check, checkup, in-

fr- huqq hollow, cavityj
Joint (anat.); also — U*- huqqa veatigation; offioial or judicial inquiry,
 193

inquest |
ül JJmJI it is a matter of faot • mutahaqqiq convinced, sure, cer-
that ..., it is certain that ...; J-«*uII tain, positive
J*
properly speaking, striotly speaking,
J*» —*
"
mustahiqq entitled; olaiming;
actually; exactly, preoiaely; positively,
beneficiary (of a wakf); deserving,
definitely; J-a^ull .u» properly speaking,

striotly speaking, actually; V.^^AJl

worthy |
£»-UI j^u* m. ad-daf due,
jJu:
payable (sum)
*. a&-fafy&ya identifioation (of a person),
proof of identity; <_ «»JJI jj^ j^L^* i- VIII to put into one'B bag, to bag (*
Sahädat t. aS-iak^ya identity oard; s.th.)

i-^i^Ui jJui ^zZom

^ (. a&j*. bureai of
vi*- hvqb pL v 1-»*-' oAffäfr»
v -**-
1
^*?flÄ
identifioation; «JlJÜI jJw: f.. a4-$ätlya
long stretch of time, long period
identifioation; JJ*»sII ^l» ezamining
magistrate; ^IjjVI
*-**- hiqba pl. (_Jl*. hiqab long time,
Jjj* realization of
profits (stock market) stretch of time; period, age | öL.jJl j* Ü-
hiqbatan min ax-zamän for quite a time,
JÜ-I \hqOq; jJi UliJ ihqäqan U-l- for Borne time
haqq (so) that truth may prevail
<_-Jt#- haqab pl. ^Lö-I ahaäb a kind of
<jÄ* tahaqqvq ascertainment, making ornamental belt
sure ; con viotion, certainty, certitude
r>\3k»-
<- hiqäb pl. <-~Ä»- hvqub a kind of
verification, check, cheokup
ornamental belt
JU»cJ istihqäq pl. -ät worthiness, i—1*- haqiba pl. t^JU*. Aafd*j6 a valise,
deservingness, meritj one'B due or desert; suitoase, traveling bag; leather bag I i-JU-
maturity, payability, falling due (of a
sum
«—«L._jLi diplomatic pouch ; j^äJI ^ .. V
of money); re-olaiming or caliing in portemonnaie, change purse; jJI 4 ,, 5 r- A.
of s.th. due, demand of a right; vindica- al-yad ladies' purse, handbag
tion (Ial. Law), replevin, detinue I j*
dÜucJ deservedly, juatly, oi- haqida a, haqada i (haqd, hiqd) to harbor
by rights;
JÜ*j>l j>ü undeservedly; JLu^Vi feelings of hatred (J* against) IV to
£j!j"
date of maturity incite to hatred or resentment, embitter,
(e.g., of a bond);
JU1I JUu^VI (Ivbnänl) name of a envenom (• s.o.) V = I; VI to hate one
Lebanese order another

ü»- hiqd pl. jU*-1 ahqäd, iji*- hugüd

3jÄ£ mahqüq worthy, deserving (cj,
hatred, malice, spite, resentment, ranoor
J of), fit, oompetent, qualifying J (o*,

for) ; wrong, at fault, on the wrong Si-i»- haqida pl. jJUu- haqä'id* hatred,
track malice, spite, resentment, rancor

Ji^ muhaqqiq investigator; inquirer; iji- haqüd füll of hatred, spiteful.

examining magistrate resentful, malicious, malevolent, raneor-
ous
Jit muhaqqaq sure, certain, beyond
doubt, unquestionable, indubitable; as- •JU häqid fulJ of hatred, spiteful,
sured, established, aocepted, recognized I
resentful, malicious, malevolent, rancor-
ul ji^l j* it is certain that ..., it is a ous; pl. »Xi». haqada malevolent people
fact that . .

J*- haqara i (haqr) to despise, scorn, disdain

j< muhiqq telling the truth, in the (• s.o., a s.th.); to look down (*, * on),
right, being right have a low opinion (*, • of); — hagura u
 ;

to be low, base, contemptible, despicable to suppresB, represa, restrain (* B.th.); +>o

degraded, humüiated keep to o.s. {^,-JI tu-airra the secret) ; to

to be despised,
II to disparage, decry, depreciate (• b.o.), spare (*o damahü b.o.'s blood or life); to

detract, derogat« (» froin s.o.); to degrade, give (» b.o.) an injection (med.) VIII to
humble, humüiate; to regard become congested (esp. blood); to suffer
debase, '

with contempt, deBpise, scorn, disdain from strangury; to take an enema, a

* B.th.) VIII to despise, scorn, clyster; to be injected | <|*-j t>»i»-l (waj-
{« s.o.,

disdain (• s.o., * s.th.), look down (*, • Huhu) his face was flushed, his face turned

on) X to regard as contemptible or red

despicable, disdain, despise (» s.o., * withholding;

y&- haqn retention,
B.th.), look down {*, * on)
sparing ; injecting , injection (
med. ) |

jj&- haqir pl. »l^i»- huqarä* % low, baße, _JL.jJ LJU- kaqnan li~dimä'ihim in order

mean, vulgär, vile; Uttle, small, paltry, to Bpare their blood ; -0 j_^JV j ji*-

inconsiderable, poor, wretched, miserable; intravenous injection (med.)

despised; despicable, contemptible huqan injection

*ii*- huqna pl.
(
ji*-

aAgar* lower, baser, more con- (med.); hypodermic; clyster; enema

J**-\
temptible
oi£ mihqana pl.
J>^ mahäqin*
!jU>- haqära lowness, vulgarity, base- syringe (med.)
neas, vilcness, meanness; Bmallness, pal-
ÜLI^-I ihtiqän congestion \
p-di b\Jt*-\
triness, insignificance, poorness, wretched-
iht. ad-dam vascular congestion
ness, miserableness ; despicability, con-

temptibleness; ignominy, infamy J}c£. muhtaqan reddened by blood

congestion, flushed, red (face)
jj& tahqtr contempt, disdain, scorn;
degradation, humiliation, abasement jji»- haqw pl. »Li*- hiqa , »U»-l ahqjS loin,

jLÄi*-i ihtiqär contempt, disdain, scorn |

groin | *ij*»- -i-Li faddada haqwaihi to
gird one's loins

regard b.o. with contempt, look down

i^U- Aaifcfea « (Aaitl-) to rub, chafe; to scrape;
one's nose at s.o.
to Scratch; to rub off, scrape off, Scratch
JicJ- muhtaqar despised; contemptible, off, abrade (* s.th.) | »jju» j iU- (^oirtAi)

despicable it iinpressed him, affected him, touched

= s.th. inside him IV to itch V to rub o.a.,

Ji- haql pl. J>i»- huqul field (also fig.
scrape, chafe (-> against); to pick a
domain); column |
Jj^Jl J>5»- oil fields;
quarrel (^ with s.o.) VI to rub or scrape
c^jjl JJto- h. az-zait, .UiJl JA*- h. an-naft
against each other VIII to rub o.s.,
oil field; oil area; <_->jU^!l Jji»- expen-
scrape, chafe (<-> against); to be in con-
mental fields; Jb_^T J**-
(kahrabä'i)
tact, in touch (<_> with) |
»jX«* j <sh»-\
electric field
(padrihi) it impressed him, affected him,
Ji*- haqli field- {in Compounds) touched s.th. inside him
ililrf muhäqala aale of grain while still
kiU- halck rubhing, chafing; friction;
in growth, dealing in grain futures (UU
soratching
Law)
'&* hikka itching; Scabies, itch {med.)
ja*, haqana i « (haqn) to hold back, with-
hold, keep back, detain, retain (* s.th.); iJl£*- hakkäk lapidary
 105
^
til* mihakk touchstone; teat £**$ a.th.); to take
| Jp (^ s.th.) as a Standard or
r
Jic}\ iii^ tabata alä m. in-naxar to norm to have judicial
; power, have
stand a critical test Jurisdiction, have authority (Jp and »

iS^rf- mt'Aaüa currycomb over), govern, rule, dominate, control

(Jp or • s.o.); to order, command {«_>
ilUi taA<5££ (reciprocal) friction
s.th.); to bridle, check, curb (», *
ilK^-l tAJtfeH; pl. -äi (reciprocal) fric- s.th., s.o.) | f!.L^L «-L {hukima,
fi*.
tion ; close touch or oontact ; friction i'däm) he was sentonced to death; £»-
(fig., = diasenaion, oontroversy) j
ji. ^ <JliL> (bi-iddnaiihi) to convict a.o., find
i]&>-l min gairi ht. frictionless s.o. guilty(j'ur.); «j'J^ (bi-barä'atihi)
f-
to acquit a.o. (jur.) II to appoint (. s.o.)
*fj£^ muhakkak chafed, worn away
as mler; to choose (• s.o.) as arbitrator,
e
i£#- kuklca {tun., = huqqä) pl. £)$i>. hukak make (• a.o.) the judge (j over or in
small box, case, pot or jar a.th., jy between) III to proaecute (»
s.o.); to arraign, bring to trial, hale into
_£*- VIII to buy up, hoard and withhold,
court (• b.o.); to interrogate, hear (• b.o.)
corner (* a commodity); to monopolize
IV to make (* s.tb.) firm, strong, sturdy,
(* a commeroial article) ; to bare exclusive
solid; to fortify (* s.th.); to atrengthen,
posaession {* of s.th.), hold a monopoly
consolidate (* s.th.); to do well, do
(* over s.tb.)
expertly, master (* field, work), be
jS^p- Aikr, hukr and ^X 1 ;^#- 1 ujrat al-h . proficient (* in) | <-r.l CJ {amrahü) to
ground rent, quitrent do s.th. thoroughly, carefully, properly;

j£p- hakar, hukar hoarded vUl Jii ^-1 (qafla l-bäb) to lock the
door firmly; oJ £»-l (lugatan) to master
•_£*- huhu hoarding (of gooda) ; mo- a language V to have one's own way
(j
nopoly
in), proceed (j with) at random, at will,

•jjS t»- hälcüra small vegetable garden handle (j a.th.) arbitrarily; to pasa
arbitrary judgment (j on); to make o.s.
jt£i»-l ihtikär pl. -ät comering, buying
tbe judge (Jp of), pass judgment
up; monopoly; preferential position; (J* on);
to decide (l-> on); to rule, reign, hold
supremacy, hegemony |
^]l lj\jf JS<*-\
ai-bunn away (j over); to dominate, control
iht. t. coffee-trade monopoly;
j£jl jfc»-l iht. as-sukkar sugar monopoly (J s.th.), be in control, be in command
(j of) VI to bring one another before
^jKc»-! iktikärt rapacious, grasping,
the judge Jl); to appeal (Jl to)
greedy (fü~\
for a legal decision; to be interrogated,

^*- hakama u (huJem) to pasa judgment, be heard (in court) VIII to have one's

express an opinion j on s.th.), judge own way (j in), proceed («j with, in
{ Jp,
(Jp s.th., ^ by, from); to decide, give a s.th.) at will, at random, handle (j s.th.)

decision, pasa a verdict, posa sentence arbitrarily, judge arbitrarily; to rule,

(Jp on); to aentence (Jp s.o., l> to a reign, hold sway (Jp, j over); to be in
penalty ; said of the judge), impose, control, bo in poasession
(Jp of); to
inflict (l-> a penalty) on s.o. to appeal (Jl to) for a legal decision, seek
(Jp);
pronounce a verdiot or judgment, deliver a decision (Jl from), have b.o. (Jl) decide
judgment, rule (J in s.o.'s favor); to X to be strong, aturdy, solid, firm; to
adjudicate, adjudge, award (u J to a.o. bccome atronger, be strengtnened, be
^ 196

conaolidated; to take root, be or become has its own set of rulea, muat be judged
deep-rooted, deep-seated, ingrained, in- by its own Standards; >K*-1 »jjj-iü (li-4-
marked, pronounced (feeling, darüra) necesaity has its (own) rules,
veterate,

trait)
(approx.: neceasity knowB no law)

i^- huhni legal

<*. Kuhn pl. (&-I ahkäm judgment, (

valuation, opiniou; decision; (legal) j!jX- (eg.; pronounced hikimdär) com

judgment, verdict, sentence; condem- mandant; chief of polioe

nation, conviotion; administration of

3jjU&- («ff.;
pronounced hikimdäriya)
justice; Jurisdiction; legal oonsequenoe
commandant's office
of the facta of a oase {Isl. Law) ; regulation,
rule, provision, order, ordinance, decree;
C- AaJfcom pl. (•ISC*. Aufeiäm arbitrator,

wisdom; judgeahip; oom- arbiter; umpire, referee

judicjousness,

mand, authority, control, dominion, '*£*- hihma pl. hikam wisdom;

f*-
^S»*-i
power; govemment, regime; pl.
sagacity; philosophy; maxim; rationale,
Statutes, by-laws, regulations, rulea, underlying reason "Si- (with foll. genit.)
|

provisions, stipulations, principles, pre- on aocount of, beoause of

cepta; l&- hukman virtually; legally |

i^- hihni gnomio, aphoristio, ex-

£* bi-hukmi by virtue of, on the
(&' r ) gnomio
atrength of, pursuant to; by foree of;
preasing maxims | { J&\ j*^
poetry
^p- j aa good ae, all but, e.g., ^- jj»
aa good as 'S*- kakama pl. -äi bit (of a horse's
*.u]l (/{ huhmi l-'adam) it is

nothing, it is practically nonexistent; bridle)

jjÜ\ C- j p-»l afbaha /« huhmi l-mw ,£*- haHm pl. p\S^~ hukama* wise,

garrar it is all but decided; ^- j jf judioious; wise man, sage; philosopher;

»^iJI also : to be subject to s.th. ; *C- J* J>" physioian, dootor
to give in, yield to s.o.; U\jJA j£*- £. oJ-
^L*£— hahimbäü senior physioian,
barä'a aoquittal; &**- f~ (AttfüH)
chief aurgeon
judgment delivered in the presence of

the litigant partiea, after oral prooeed- ojS^- huküma pl. -äi govemment
ings (jur.); f1u*Vlj £J-I {i'däm) death of govemment, gov-
jjS^- huhümi
sentenee; jU £*- (Qiyäbi) judgment by
ernmental; official; state-owned, atate-
default (jtir.); JM fX\ (#W) self-
oontroDed, of the state, state- (in Com-
determination, autonomy {pol.) ; f-i-
1

pounds)
^j^J-l {jumhüri) the republican form
£»J ahkam1 wiser
of govemment, the republioan regime;
jlUI fX\ (mitflog) the absolute, i.e., "£* mahhama pl. fV mahäkim*
authoritarian, regime; jUl £U {niyabi) oourt, tribnnal |
JiLIi-Vi "&* m. al-

the parliamentary regime, parliamen- irti'näf court of appeal, appellate oourt;

tarianism; &-I U- lajnat al-Ji. board of <J>t '*& (ahliya) indigenous court (Eg.;

examiners, review board; Vj*" ^^*-"^' Jurisdiction limited to Egyptian na-

*£* (ibtida'iya) court of
('urfiya) martial law; «Jlül (&*-l (in* tionale); UIjijI

tiqütlya) provisional regulations (jur.); flrst inatance; i.JS' yljijl "*& (huülya)

Übt *l£»-l {fatämlya) final regulations civiloourt with Jurisdiction in cases of

(jur.)i i*»U (&-I (iäfpa) special reg- major importance, at the same time
ulations; *& ^ J& («n») every age appellate inatance of XJ/f }^ t^ffO»
 197
cA
V>r *£* (juz'iya) in Eg., lowest court pK*»=-l istihk&m intensiflcation, in-
of both 5JU1 fl* (approx.: diatrict crease, strengthening; consolidation, sta-
courts) and of Le^Jl fU canonical bilization ; fortification ; pl. oUowi-1 for-
courta (with Jurisdiction in marital and tifications
fatnily mattere); summary court; l£*
^L- häkim ruling, governing; decisive;
OLU-I m. al-jinäydt criminal court; fl*
L»*i»±Jl Jlj*-Vl (Safffiya) courts dealing
— (pl. -fin, |»lx»- hukkäm) ruler, sovereign
govemor; judge ^*Li jfL. (bi-amrihl)
with vital statistics; «Lkjt l& (muk*
autocratic; autocrat, dictator;
|

,.1* TL»-
talita) mixed court (with Jurisdiction
fämm) governor goneral; lljLil fL- h.
over resident« of foreign nationality)
kj-jS <X* (Sar'iya) canonical
al-mubäräh umpire, referee (athlet.) ; f L-
court
^LJI h. offulh (Syr.) justice of the peace;
(administering justice on the basis of the
i-P-UI f\m- h. an-nähiya (Tun.) district
Sharia), court dealing with family
magistrate
mattere of Muslims; ijjSy. <^ {mar*
kazlyä) county court, dealing with *S U- hdkimiya domination, dominion,
minor offenses, esp. misdemeanora (Eg.);
rule, sovereignty; judgeship, judicature,

^j'aVl »Lull Ü^ m. al-gadä' al-idärl Jurisdiction (tr.)

administrative court; (»I^Vij »j^'JI <5^ *?l* (•_>£* mahküm 'alaihi sentenced (^
m. an-naq4 wa-hibräm Court of Cas- to)
|
pl4*Vl* ^J* fjS^I (i'däm) thoee
sation, the highest court of appeal in
sentenced to death; JüJLj «J* rj&-
Egypt; •

Jüf\ *£* Court of Cassation (faJtal) doomed to fail

{Syr., Leb. = f
Ij-Vlj
uijd *£* in Eg.);
£*UI oU-U tribunals fit- muhakkam pl. -ün arbitrator, ar-
biter; umpire, referee (j in, over)
{£*' tahkim appointment of an ar-
bitrator; arbitration; arbitral deciaion, f* muhkam strengthened, reinforoed;
award; pl. ol^" fortifications | -£* firm, solid, sturdy; tight, taut; perfeot,

JU-I starting from the present State of masterly, masterful; well-aimed (blow,
a court's findings (Ul. Law); S+A iL» hit); accurate, precise, exact |j-u.uJI S^
hai'at at-t. board of arbitration; Jury, well-planned, well-contrived
committee of judgea, committee of ~

umpires committee of referees

{in sports),
f* ..~* mustahkam reinforced, fortified;
strengthened, consou'dated, strong; in-
(in mil. maneuvera); '<*£* *J- (lajna) do.
veterate, deep-seated, deep-rooted, in-
iil^ muhäkama judicial proceeding; grained (custom, trait, etc.); pl. CjLSCp«i_.

trial, hearing (in court); legal prosecution defenses, fortifications

l»lx»-l ihkäm perfection; accuracy, £-

J--&*-, «jjI-iXp- see
exactness, exactitude, precision ; exact
Performance, precise execution
|
j-B^-Vj $~ hakä i («K». hikäya) to teil, relate (*
accurately, s.th.), report, give an account (* of); to
exactly, precisely; j iJLi

l»o^-Vi of higheat perfection speak, talk (syr., leb.); to imitate, copy

(* s.th.) ; to resemble (*, • s.o., s.th.) III to
tahakkum arbitrariness, arbitrary
fi*. imitate, copy (* s.th.), assimilate o.s. (*
powers or action; despotism; domination,
to); to be similar (* to), be like s.th. (*),
dominion, rulc, sway, power; control
(j
resemble (* s.th.), be attuned, adjust-
of, over)
ed, adopted {* to), be in harmony
u5
^ tahakhtmi arbitrary; despotic (* with)
> 198

atory, tale, nar- sede s.o. or s.th., Substitute for s.o. or

iK»- hikäya pl. -ät

-M <M J ^-L- {qaibihl) she held a

rative, account; {gram.) literal quotation s.th.;

(of the words of othere) place in hia heart; «j-U jjJd\ yy

{mahaüa t-taqdiri ladaihi) to enjoy s.o.'b
mvhäkäh imitation; simüarity,
!5"*l*

resemblance; haruiony
high esteem; y *1>M o-J* ö* J*
-

JU»^.^I (mm nufüsi l-qurrä'i mahaUa

iiU- hälrin narrator, storyteller; phono-
l-istih&än) to appeal to the readers, meet
graph; O loudspeaker, radio
with the readere' approval II to dissolve,

£* mahlny imitated, imitation (adj.) resolve {into its component parte), break
up, decompose, analyze (* s.th.); to
j^tL^-S^- ßee >*-
make a chemical analyais (* of s.th.); to
x
y halla u {hau) to untie (» a knot), unbind, be dissolvent, act as a solvent (* on;
discharge, absolve, clear,
unfasten, unravel, undo (* s.th.); to med.) ; to

Bolve (* a problem, a puzzle); to de- exonerate, exculpate (• s.o.); (*U" tahiila)

cipher, decode (* s.th.): to dissolve in to expiate an oath; to make permissible

water (* s.th.; ehem.); to resolve (* B.th. or lawful, legitimate, Banction, justify,

into its components), analyze (* s.th.); Warrant (* s.th.); to declare permissible

to melt {* B.th.); to decompose, dis- or lawful, allow, permit (* s.th.) IV to

integrate (* s.th.); to disband, break up, discharge, release, absolve, diaengage (<>. •

an Organization or party, b.o. from); to declare (* s.th.) lawful,

dissolve {*

parliament) to open, unpack (* a

; legally permissible, permit, allow (*

package, and the like); to loosen, relax B.th.); to cauße to set in or oeeur, bring

(* s.th.); to release, Bet free, let go (» about, produce, cause to take root,

s.th., » s.o.); to clear, exonerate, exculpate establish, stabilize (* s.th.); to cause (*

(^ • s.o. from), abeolve (• s.o., ,y from s.th.) to take or oecupy the place (* of),
hissinsjCAr.); pass. huüa to be free ; to be shift, move, translocate (* * s.th., e.g., a
relaxed; — » u (JjL- hulül) to dismount, tribe, to a place); to Bettle (ju * s.th. a-

alight, ßtop, halt; to Bettle down, stay mong) JaI* *l*-l (mahattahü) to cause s.o.

(u* at a place, also j and *; Jp with or s.th. to take the place of s.o. or s.th. eise,
s.o., at s.o.'b house), come (for a visit, J* replace s.o. or s.th. by, Bubstitute s.o. or
to); to take up reaidence (* in a place s.th. for, take s.o. or s.th. as Substitute
oome down;
or country); to descend,
descend (J* upon s.o.; wrath); to over-
to
for; ibJl y *^ y\ {mahaUa l-'inäya)

to pay attention to B.th., make B.th. one's

come, overwhelm (J* s.o.; Bleep); to
concern V to dissolve, melt, disintegrate
befall («-» and J* b.o.; punishment,
to disengage o.s., disassociate o.a.,
suffering), oeeur, happen (^ to s.o.); to
ertricate o.s., free o.s. {> from) VII to
become incamate (j in s.o.; God); to
— be untied (knot); to be solved, be un-
Bet in, arrive, begin (time, season); i
raveled (problem); to be dissolved, be
to pass into Bolution, dissolve; to fade
broken up, be disbanded (also, of an
(color); — i {hiü) to be allowed, per-
Organization, a party, eto.); to dissolve,
mitted, permissible, lawful; to be due,
melt; to become Black, limp, weak, loose,
payable (debt) |
^^u j y (manfib) to
relaxed; to disintegrate; to melt away
take over or hold an offlee; *1* y VIII to settle down (* at a place); to
{niahallahü) to be in the right place;

j* y y,
the place of
^ y y (^^m
s.o. or s.th., replace, Buper-
to take oecupy (mtl., * a territory); to assume,
take over, oecupy, hold, have (* a place,
 . ;;

199
>
a rank, an office) |
Jj^l jl£il Ji»-I (al- lawful possession |
J-^L- ^1 ihn h. legiti-

makäna l-awwala) to occupy the foremost mate son; respectable man, decent fellow
place; aJL^I Ji»-I (a'mälahü) to take over
JjL- hulül stopping, putting up,
s.o. 's functions X to regard {* s.th.) as
staying ; descending, Coming on, be-
permissible or lawful, think that one
falling, overtaking; incarnation; setting
may do s.th. (*); to regard as fair garae,
in, advent, arrival (of a time, of a dead-
as easy prey, seize unlawfully, mis-
line), beginning, dawn; Substitution (for
appropriate, usurp (* s.th.)
s.o.)

hall pl. J^L- hulül untying, un-

J*- J-L- hal'd pl. oLl ahillä'* husband
fastening, undoing (of a knot); Solution
(of a problem, of a puzzlc, etc.); un-
iLL halila pl. Jj'^U halail 2 wife

riddling, unraveling, explanation; Solu- J-L-l ihlll outer opening of the

tion (ehem.); dissolution, disbandment, Urethra; Urethra (anat.)
breaking up (of an Organization, etc.),
Jrf. mahall pl. -ät, jUt mahäll 2 place,
abolition, cancellation, annulment; re-
location, spot, site, locale, locality,
lease, freeing, liberation; decontrol, re-
center; (place of) residence; business;
lease, unblocking (e.g., of a blocked
business house, firm, commercial house
sum); discharge, Clearing, exoneration,
störe, shop; objeet, cause (e.g., of dis-
exculpation; absolution (Chr.) JJ! L Li
|
pute, admiration, etc.); gear (automo-
soluble, solvable ; O JJJI JJ- i (taijl)
bile) |aUJ^ and<Ld<LI see J^-IandlV;
spectral analysis; J-Uil^ Ji-I J*l ahl al-h.
*L*t (mahallahü) in his place; *U.
wa-l-'aqd or J»j Jlj Ji-I J*i (raty) influential
(its)
j
in his (its) place, in his (its) stead,
people, those in power; *Jl*-j-j «L- j instead of him; 4^ j utf to be in the
(tarhälihl) in all his doings, in everything
right place; to be appropriate, ex-
he did
pedient, advisable ; to be justified,

Jj- kill: fa) j- J^ j «jS~ (hillin) he warranted; <Ltf. jü. J improper, mis-
was free to ..., he was at liberty to ...; placed, unsuitable, ill-suited ; out of
he had free disposal of . . . ; j* J^. j c^ I place; inappropriate, inexpedient, in-
you're free to . .
., you may readily . . opportune; A*. JijL^ sädafa mahallahü
to be convenient, be most opportune;
iL- halla pl. JL- AiZaZ low copper
J Jrf- ^ (mahalla) there is no room
vessel; cooking pot (ey.) 1

for . .
. ; it is out of place, quite döplace ;
iL- Ät'/Za way Station, stopping place, J**J! J* m. al-'amal place of employ-
stop, stopover; encampment; absolution ment; i.Ü'i/l
J* m. al-iqäma (place of)
(Chr.); dispensation (Chr.) residence, address ^jUT J* (tijäri)
;

business house, commercial house

iL- hulla pl. JL- hulal clothing, dress,
garb vestments
; (ecclesiastic ; Chr.) (com-
ijjL«iJlj i-y**!! o^l ('umümlya, ti*
;

järiya) public Utilities and commercial

plete) suit of clothes; (Western) suit
j
houses ; Jil ~.\ ism al-m. firm;
4_r*j ÄL- (rasmlya) uniform; ö^_Jl iL- h.
as-sahra formal dress
CjUjäj J* m. ruhünät pawnshop; o*^
i»-L-JI m. as-siyäha travel agencies;
J"iL- haläl that which is allowed, CjL\?j* Jrf- m. murattibät refreshment
permitted or permissible; allowed, per- parlor; ^1 J* m. al-lahw and J*
raitted, permissible, allowable, admis- m. al-malähi
,^»3^.1 (pl. JL* ) amuse-
sible, lawful, legal, licit, legitimate; ment center; *\'J
J* m. n«<T objeet
> 200

of controversy, controversial matter; Ji^ muhallil analyzer

K arä m. li-'ajabin
v_-mJ *$£ ,^jl J lä I
J**j munhall aolved; dissolved, re-
don't aee any reaaon for amazement,
solved, broken up ; disbanded ; lan-
there ia nothing to be aatonished
guid, prostrate, weak; permitted, al-
about; Jii J* m. na?ar a.th. deserving
lowed
attention, a atriking, remarkable thing
*k* ißj?r juyüS muktalla oecupa-
J* mahalll local; native, indigenoua;
tion forces
parochial; pl. £>Li£ local news, local
page (of a newspaper) WjL?- aee J^-

J* mahill due date; dato of delivery

1
TJU-
t halaba % u (halb) to milk (a an
<U. maÄaWa pl. -äf way Station, animal) |
«J±±\ ^*oJl !_JL- halaba d-dahra
atopping place, stop, etopover, en- aifurahü he has seen good and bad
campment; camp; section, part, quar- days V to run, drip, trickle, ooze, Beep,
ter (of a city) |
^jsÜI 2£\ (kubrä) leak; to water, drool (mouth, with
Mahalla el Kubra (city in N Egypt) appetite) | »IjilM J (_-U^J (afwäh)

reaolution,
making the mouth water, appetizing;
J-U" tahlil dissolution,
breaking up, decomposition, specifica- Ji j ^Ull ij^ (al-lu'äbu /» faml) my

analyzation;
mouth was watering VIII to milk (*
tion, detailing, (pl. JJl^
tahälil 3 ) analysis (ehem.) ; absolution
an animal) X do. ; to squeeze juice (*
from)
(Chr.) |
J-LJb in detail; JJ* J^.
ma'mal t. laboratory for chemical anal- tJU- halb milking
yBes; J^j^T J^ (kahrabä'i) electroly-
»_JL- halab milk
sis; (JLjUI) ^«iJI J-Lill (nafsi) psycho-
analysis «JL- halba pl. kalabät race track;
arena; danoe Soor; raoe horses | i-U-
JJ* tahlil* analytic(al)
is*ij\ h. ar-raq? danoe Soor; ,^-J *jl

Ji*: taAaHu/ dissolution, breakup ; Sep- <JJ-1 iÜJ j» he ia not made for that, he
aration, disengagement, disaasociation doean't belong there, it iß not in hia
J^l inhiläl diaBolution, breakup, line; «->u»J^ a niaater
*4*~ of, excelling

decomposition; disintegration ; decay, or outBtanding in

putrefaction; slackening, exhaustion,

i-U- Aul&a fenugreek (Trigonella
prostration, weaknesa, impotence
foenum-graecum ; bot.); tonic, prepared
oecupation (mtl.) \^j^r
J:&»-l iht iläl of yellowiah grains, for women in

J^b*-Vl oecupation foroes childbed (eg., syr.)

ii^i»-l ihttläli occupying, oecupation i^JU kalib milk | <_JU jJ Za&an Ä.

(usedattributively); advocate of foreign cow's milk (eg.)

oecupation
V^*- Aalüfi laotiferoua |
<—>^*- V*i
J_>I* mahlül solved ; dissolved (frogara) milk cow; v>^' V-Ul (mä*
resolved, broken up; looae; untied, Äya) dairy cattle
nnfastened, unfettered, free, at large;
weakened, prostrate, ezhausted, lan-
V^- Aalldö milker

guid;8olntion(liquid;eAem.) |j<JJIJ>I* ij^U- Aalldöa milkmaid, dairymaid;

m. ai-fa'r with loose, diaheveled hair dairywoman; milk oow
 ;

201
J~
<_-irf mahlab mahaleb (Prunus maha- *Jii»- halaja i (half, hilf) to swear (^ili by
leb; bot.) God) b_r (JlU- (yaminan) to take an
|

tJl*- hälib Ureter oath II to make (• s.o.) swear; to put

to oath, swear in (• s.o.); to adjure,
*--l * "- « mustahlab emulsion u ,
- !-. : .. »
j
entreat earnestly (» s.o.) III to enter
j_jJJi m. al-lauz almond milk
into a confederation, into an alliance
2
i_J*- halab 2 Aleppo (o with s.o.), become an ally (» of s.o.)
VI to eommit one another by oath
i^-aiU- At&ft, Aaftii aaafetida (Ferula asaa- (J*
to do s.th.), join in alliance; to ally,
foetida; bot.)
make an alliance (*. with) X to make
^U- halaja i u (halj, «_U- hallj) to gin (* (» s.o.) swear, exaet an oath (» from
ootton) s.o.); to adjure, entreat earnestly («s.o.)

F^*~ b a lj ginning (of cotton) i_li*- half, hilf swearing, oath |

<jA*-
^jM taking the oath
£rU- halij ginning {of cotton)
ginned (cotton) (_iL- hilf sworn alliance, confederaey,
league; federation; (pl. <_j^\ ahläf)
5*-t>U- hiläja cotton ginner's work or
trade ally |
<jj£~-£- tjai»- ('askari) military
alliance;
£$*- halläj cotton ginner
J^^\ J*1JJ (a}lanti) the
Atlantic Pact
^U mihlaj, i*JL* mihlaja pl. U*.
iJl-L- halif pl . .Ul»- hulafä' 2 con -
mahälij 2 cotton gin
federate; ally; allied |
»lili-l the Alliea
^U mahlaj pl. iU mahälij 2 cotton (pol.)

ginnery
*i~L»- halifa pl. -ät f. of i_j_U-
Jj-i»- kalhala to remove, drive away, shove
JtjL- hallüf pl. JaJ*£*~ halällj 2 (maär. r
away II tahalhala to stir from one's eg.) wild boar; pig, swine
place; to move, Btir, budge
.LäL- halfä' und aäL- halja (bot.) alfa,
OjjL- halazün snail; spiral esparto

ojjl*- halazüna (n. un.) anaü; Bpiral JjlI*- tahlif swearing in | ^J-Udl ci-
lajnat at-t. the Jury (in court)
ijjji*- halazüni spiral, helical, volute,
winding ÜJl* muhälafa alliance

^^-L- haliaa a to remain, stay permanently iJJL*; tahäluf State of alliance; al-

(<-< at a place), stick (<-< to a place) liance, treaty of alliance

^-i- hila pl. ^-^Ul ahläs (with foll.

tjjjt muhallaj sworn, bound by oath;
one addicted or given to s.th.,
genit.) (pl. -ün) Juror (in court)
one adhering to s.th. _^J]I ^^-1 a.
| iJJU*!- mutahälif interallied, allied
al-lahw people given to pleasure and
amusement, bons vivanta, playboys jl*- halaqa i (halq) to shave (* the head,
the face); to shave off {* the beard)
^J*- hiU pl.^^l ahläs, ^J*- hulüa II to circle in the air, hover; to fly, soar
saddle blanket
(bird airplane ;
;
J* and JSy over or
2
^J*-! ahlaa , f. .L-L- halsä' 2 bay, above s.th.); to round, make round,
chestnut (horae) circular or ring-shaped (* s.th.); to
 ; ;

&*
ring, Burround, encircle (J* s.o., s.th.); /_jÜ*- hulqüm pl. -S:A>- AaJägtm 3 throat,

to clothe V to form a circle, sit in a gullet |

rjÄU-' **-b räAaf aä-A. a kind of
circle; to gather in a circle (J* around sweet made of cornBtarch, sugar,

s.o.) mastic and pistachios (eg.)

ji»- halq shaving, shave; (pl. jji»-

be pitch-black,
jiU- halika a (halak) to
hulüq, J")A*-I ahläq) throat, gullet,
deep-black XII dJJjl»-! tAIau2aita do.
pharynx
ilU- AaZafc intense blackness
JL- halqi guttural, pharyngeal
iSCU- AuZfca intense blackness
jU- halaq ringa, earrings
»"iL- halilc pitch-black, deep-black;
ÜL>- halqa, halaqa pl. ji»- halaq, CjLäU-
gloomy, murky
halaqät ring (also earring, etc.); link
(of a chain) ; circle (also of people) iTji»- hulüka gloominess, darkness;
group of students studying under a blackness
professor, hence: lecture, course (e.g.,
.illU- AäZifc pitch-black, deep-black;
at AI Azhar University) ; part of a
gloomy, murky
sequence or series ringlet dißk decade ; ; ;

market |
Sl*Jl üU- h. an-najäh life buoy, J*. halama u to dream (uj or j* of; jl j
life preserver; JUäj*^I iäl»- h. al-itti$äl of being, becoming, doing, etc., in the
and J-^l <ÄL*» A. al-wa$l connecting future); to muse, reflect, meditate (<-»

link (>j between; fig.); »ijüll üU-i the on s.th.); to attain puberty; — haluma
missing link, the intermediate form; u to be gentle, mild-tempered VIII to
»jS ,> *^LJ «U-l J fwmriAi) in the attain puberty
sixth decade of his life, in his fifties;
U. hulm pl. (O^*-' ahläm dream; pl.
iilr-^l ÜL>- Bsh market; jUil Ul»- A.
irreality, utopia
al-qutn cotton market

halaqi annular, ring-shaped, |

JU hulmi dream- (in Compounds),
Jl>-
of or pertaining to dreamB
circular

j^A*- halläq pl.

(sihhl), *«^JI ^
-
-ün barber
A. as-sihha
( ^ J}U
barber- U.I
U-
iJb
hulum sexual maturity, puberty
to attain puberty
|

j
surgeon U. hilm pl. f_jL- Au/wm, W>-1 ahläm

j~L- AaZig shaved, shaven, shorn gentleness, clemency, mildness ; for-

bearance, indulgence ; patience ; in-

ü^W hiläqa shaving, shave; barber's
sight, diacernment, understanding, in-
trade |
iWA-l JjjL* sä&fin al-h. shaving
telligence, reason | W*-"iM jU~* simple-
soap ; ijt>U- ! o>JL* barbershop ; i*Ü
minded people, simple souls
SWJ-1 gö'af al-A. do.; O i*^- 1
^^
U- halam (coli.; n. un. tick; mite;
and O ür^li-i *J' safety razor I)

nipple, teat, mammilla (of the female

jjjt miAZa? pl. jJl* mahäliq 2 straight
breast)
razor

an ^»L- halami parasitic; mammillary,

ji* taAZig flying, flight (of air-
nipple-shaped
craft Je and Jji over a country)
;

take-off (of an airplane) JL- halim pl. »IJU- hulamä' 2 mild,

jJU- j- min häliq from above mild-tempered, gentle; patient

 ,

r
j*^i*- halüm, j*jJU- hälüm a kind of fulness, charm, refinement, wittiness,
Egyptian cheese wit; present of money; ransom | #j^U-

iU- AäZt'm pl, -an

J«^ (hummußiya) a sweet made of
dreamer
roasted chick-peas; oL-i ~»j%- (fa*
kj£ muhtalim sexually mature, pu- hiniya) a sweet made of sesame-seed
beBcent, marriageable meal; ijj^J «j^»- (lauziya) a sweet
made of almonds
(^i»- and
J»-)
hal-uwa u, haliya a, ^- halä
u (*j*>U- haläwa, ül^i*- A-aJwön) to be ölji»- hulwän present of money,
sweet; to be pleasant, agreeable (J to gratuity, tip
s.o.) |
»jiJl J "^»- he enjoyed the thing; ijljl»- halwäni and jl_^L- AaJwä'i
jl *J ~k- it pleased him that..., he confectioner, candy dealer ; pastry
was delighted that . . .
; <l
J*- c~*-
\
cook, fancy baker
(haaabamä) at hie discretion, as he
U mö u AatVä oh how sweet
pleases; — J»- Äoiä * to adorn, grace;
J-*-
1

*~^-\ U oh, how sweet he is!

,

— J»- haliya a to be adorned (t-i with)

is ...,

II to Bweeten (* s.th., e.g., a beverage i-1*: takliya decoration, embellish-

with sugar); to adorn, bedeck, embel- ment, ornamentation
lish, attire, furnish, provide {*, » s.o.,
J* muhallan sweetened; decorated,
s.th., t-i with) V to adorn o.b., be embellished, adorned, ornamented (<_•

adorned, decked out, embellished, with)

graced, endowed, furnished, provided
**- ham pl. »\j~\ akmä' father-in-law; pl.
(^ with) X to find sweet or pleasant,
like (* s.th.), be delighted
relatives of the wife by marriage, in-
(* by)
laws of the wife
~$*- halan sweetness, pleaBantness
»Li- hamäh pl. c^\jjr- hamawät mother-
jl*- hulw sweet ; pleasant, nice, in-law; see also 1
y- and 2 y-
( l

charming, delightful, pretty | <t^k\ J*-

S
Z*- huma see 2j*~
a gifted raconteur, amusing, entertain-
ing; *j!i-1 «juJI (gudda) pancreas (anat.) 8
j- hamma u (hamm) to heat, make hot
humma to be feverish,
(* s.th.); pass.
J*- haly pl.
J*- kuliy piece of jewelry,
trinket
have a fever dJIi J *. (humma) that
|

was decreed to him, that is his lot, his

i~L- hilya pl. At7an, Kulan dec-
J»- destiny II to heat, make hot (* s.th.);
oration, embellishment, finery; Orna- to bathe, wash (* or » s.o. or s.th.) IV to
ment heat, make hot (* s.th.) X to bathe,
iSj^*- halwä pl. ifj^*- haläwa candy, take a bath
confection, confectionery, sweetmeats Ä*- hamma hot spring
*\j\*- halwä' 2 candy, confection, con- Ä*- humma blackness, swarthiness,
fectionery, sweetmeats dark coloration; fever
cAji»- halwayät (and eg. halawiyät) j- humam (n. un. S) charcoal; any-
sweets (in general) ; sweet pastry j thing charred or carbonized; ashes,
candies, confectionery, sweetmeats cinder; lava

»j}U- haläwa sweetness ; candies ^y- hummä f., pl. üL/- hummayät
confectionery, sweetmeats ; grace, grace- fever, fever heat [ Äjj^äjJI _J-1 and
 204
r
*jjLJI ,yJ-l (tiflya) typhoid fever» *j- hamhama ('<****• hamhama) to neigh,

typhus fever; jJi ,y h. d-diqq hectio whinny (horse)

fever; gj\ ,y A. r-r»V quartan fever; i***r- hamhama neigh(ing), whinny«

***t'J
1
,^' relapsing fever; »Iji-Jl ,yJ-l ing, whinnies
or Äjjlji-Jl ^^J-i {pafrä', pafräwiya)
*j- ÄtmAtm oxtongue, bugloss (An-
yellow fever; ^-JJl y A. 1-#W tertian
ohusa officinalis; bot.)
fever; 4_*«.i)l (/oAmiya) anthrax;
i^'
^j^Ül ^1 (girm«iyo) soarlet fever; Jj- Aamtda a (Äamd) to praise, commend,
^1 ^ h, l-qaii hayfever; J-OüJl ^l laud, extol (J* * s.o. for, * s.th.) II to
(qulä*iya) foot-and-mouth disease ; ^^J- praise higbly (• s.o.)
3-^iJl SJil (mit^Hya, AiitHya) cere-
jj- Aamd commendation, praise,
brospinal meningitia ; *>rj*A\ ,yJ-
laudation |
*>> -uA-1 al-hamdu lilläh
(mtttamavnvija) undulant fever, Malta
thank God! praise be to God! praised
fever, brucellosis; <L»lidl ,yJ-l (ni/fl*
be the Lord!
aiya) puerperal fever, ohildbed fever;
praise worthy, laudable,
O «—J*! ^\ (nama&ya) spotted fever xj- Aamtd
oommendable benign, harmless (dis-
^
;

Aumml feverish, febrile, fever-

ease)
(in Compounds)
:»j> Aamüd praiseworthy, laudable,
j-Lr- hamäm (coli.; n. un. •) pl. 'dt,
oommendable, praißed
/[* Aamlf im dove, pigeon1
|
J*-lj)l (Li-
jj- 1 ahmad* more laudable more
oarrier pigeon ; f^-l jU bugloss ,

oxtongue (Anohusa officinalis; bot.)

oommendable

\j+'i\ ai-farVa al-ahmadiya

I»lr- himäm (fate of) death **ij£\
Mohammedan Law
l»lr- Aammdm pl. -d* bath; swim-
•-U4- mahmada pl. Jul^ mahämid*
ming pool; spa, watering plaoe |
(Li-
oommendable aot; juU- praise s,
u^
pl.
t
A. Samt sunbath; *tj* oülr-
(bahrlya) seaside resorts
enoomiums

oAimmd' 8 close }j*4- mahmüd praised ; commend -

~t- hamim pl. »Lr-1

friend; close, intimate; — hot water ahle, laudable, praiseworthy

Aammd* 1 .u^ mtthammad praised; commend -

-.1 oAomm', f. »L*- , pl.
p able, laudable
Aumm blaok
j.u* mithammadi pertaining or
^ mt'Aamm hot-water kettle, oal-
attributable to Mohammed
dron, boiler

l»^«i~l wd'Amdm bathing, bath Jjj- hamdala to pronounce the formula

Zi xj-l "Praise be to God!"
>^^. mahmüm feverish, having a
fever; frantio, heotie IIjj- hamdala the formula «i -ui-l

(see above)
J
U- Aama'o a to clean out, dredge (* a well)
^j- II to redden, color or dye red {* s.th.);
U- Aama' , »U- Aam'a mud, mire,
to roast (a s.th.); to fry (* s.th.}; to
Bludge a roux)
brown (* flour in preparing

»* j- Aamfa to be or become angry, IX to turn red, take on a reddish color,

mad redden, blush

furious, (J* at s.o.)
 205

y- humar asphalt ,j~*- hamisa a to work with zeal, be

zealous, eager, ardent, be become
(Sj*- humari asphaltic, asphalt, tar, or"

tarry enthusiastic, get all worked up, get

excited, be filled with fanatie enthu-
*jt- humra redness, red color(ation), siasm V = I; to be overzealous or
red; rouge (eosm.); briok duat, briok
orerenthusiastio (J in s.th.) ; to
rubble; eryaipelas, St. Anthony's fire advocate fervently (J s.th.), throw
(med.)
o.s. wholeheartedly behind s.th. (J)

jU- htmär pl. jj- hamir, ^r- humur, hamia and Lrr-
,j-** 1 ahmas* un-
ahmira donkey, ass
\j*-\
j ^J\
i
jIf- flinohing, staun ch, steadfaBt, ardent,
ä. al-wahS and ^-j jU- (utahil) wild eager, zealous, stout, hearty ; fiery,
ass, onager; jl^-1 — samm al-h. oleander
.
enthusiastic, füll of enthusiasm
(Nerium oleander; bot.)
(j-l*- kamäa and i-Lf* hamdaa
i>\*- himära pl. J\r- hamä'ir* she- enthusiasm, fire, ardor, fervor, zeal,
ass, female donkey fanatioism

jjf humür red, red color(ation), tf^*- hamäal enthusiastic, ardent,

redness flery, zealous, fanatio; stirring, rous-
ing, thrilling, electrifying
•jj- humaira redstart (zool.)

jU- hammär pl. • donkey driver

,j— ^ tahammus unflinchiüg zeal,
enthusiasm (J for), fanaticism
y\ ahmar*, f. ^y hamrä**, pl.
y tj-**^> mutahammis enthusiastio, ar-
liumr red, red-colored, ruddy ; rosy,
dent, fiery, zealous, fanatio; an ardent
pink |
j*-^\ ^J, y-y\ jji infrared;
follower, a fanatio adherent, a fanatio
j+W ^1 the Red Sea; y^\ ^XJI
the Red CrosB; yy\ o^il (maut) Jt*- hamaia u to excite, im täte, infuriate,
violent
sexual
death ;

intercourse;
jt- V I
^
üljj-Vl
I (hawä)
("the
enrage (• s.o.)

<tr- hamia oatgut (med.)

two red ones", i.e.) wine and meat;
y^j i^Vl ("the black and the red", 1
)p
^»- II to roast; to fry, broil (* s.th.)
i.e.) all mankind; »LiiJl y\ lipstick
^m*- himmia, himmas; (oolloq.) hum-

*{f hamrä >% smut, ruBt (diBease mus (coli.; n. un. #) chick-pea
affecting oereals); »I^J-I Alhambra, the
"t^*" *»"»?" Homs (the ancient Emesa,
Citadel of Granada
city in oentral Syria)

Jj**l yahmür red; deer, roe, roe-

buck; wild ass; hemoglobin (physiol.)
**~ hamwfa u (<J»y- humüda) to be or
become sour II to make sour, sour,
j\y\ ikmirär reddening, blush(ing), acidify, acidulate (* s.th.); to develop
redness, red ooloration; erythema (* a photographio plate, a film; phot.);
(med.) to cause (* s.th.) to oxidize

j** muhammar roasted |

ij*£- ^lU +*- hamd pl. ,ji\j*\ ahmäd acid
(batäfis) fried potatoes (ehem.) |
Jji ijj*. (ba-uli) uric acid

}*• hamaza i (hamz) to bite, or burn, the ^- j&

iS Sajar hamdi citrus trees
tongue (taste) *-«* hamdiya pl. -ät oitrus fruit
 acidity or for s.o., * a bürden), carry, assume
humüda sourness, |

the bürden, of s.o. eise), relieve

ujj-i muwallid al-h. oxygen (* je-

(* je- s.o. from s.th.), take (* a bürden,

(ehem.)
agrievance.etc.) froma.o. (je-); toextend,
,-Jl»- hummäd, hummaid sorrel
show, evince, cherish, harbor (* a feel-
(bot.)
ing, J toward s.o.); to become or be
;_,«:
, tahmid souring, aeidification; pregnant (j* by s.o.); to bear fruit

development (phot.) (tree); to induce, cause, prompt, get

. s.o. to do s.th.), make s.o. (.) do

^>U-I ihmäd jocular language, joking (J*
s.th. (J*); to convert, bring around, win
remark
over to one's opinion),
(*jJj J* • s.o.
,
^ 1^ hämid sour, aeid; aeidulous;
convince (*Jj J* • s.o. of one's opinion);
,j**\y- Aati-ämtd 2 ) aeid (ehem.)
to attack (J* s.o.), also J* 1U- J>
(pl. \

fJA\ ^yi-U A- al-fahm carbonic aeid; (kamlalan) to launch or make an at-

^'
Ji _ J
(J
^U
(jtitri(i) sulphuric aeid
tack on; to ltnow by beart (* a book);
to relate, refer (J* * s.th. to), bring (*
j> Aamiga a and hamuqa u (humq, vif
s.th.) to bear (J* upon s.th.), link,
hamäqa) to be stupid, silly, foolish,
con-elate, bring into relation {* s.th., J*
fatuous; to become angry or furious
with); to trace, trace back (J* * s.th.
II and IV to regard (» s.o.) as a fool,
to); to ascribe, attribute, impute (J* *
consider (• s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic
s.th. to s.o.); to make (* a word) agree
VI pretend to be stupid VII to become j

grammatically (J* with another) J*-

angry or furious X to consider (• s.o.)
|

<„ ^; j to feel annoyed, be in a mel-

j

dumb, stupid, idiotic j

ancholy mood, feel blue; -— iJ

J* J> to
jj-- humq stupidity, silliness, fool-
*U-
pull o.s. together, brace o.s.
.

; J*^ J*
ishness, folly I

take s.th. to mean...,

(mahmali) to

vif hamäqa stupidity, silliness, fool- ,

interpret or construe s.th. in the sense

ishness, folly; anger, wrath of ..., as if it were ...; *1** ^ J* *U- to
niisinterpret, misconstrue s.th.; J*£ Af
ij\j- humäq, hamäq smallpox, Variola |

.0-1 (mahmala l-jidd) to take s.th.

(med.)
seriously, take s.th. at face value II to
jr-l ahrnaq 2 f. .Iä> hamqa 1
, pl. &~
,

have or make (• s.o.) carry or bear (*

hum(u)q, hamqä, Jlf hamäqa dumb,
J> s.th.), load, bürden, charge, task (*, •

stupid, silly, foolish, fatuous; fool, sim- on

s.o. or s.th. * with), impose (» •

pleton, imbecile
s.o. s.th.) V to bear, assume, take upon
ülif hamqän dumb, stupid, silly,
o.s. (* s.th., e.g., oliiJI an-nafaqät the

foohsh; angry, furious expenses, VjJ-H al-mas'üllya the re-

sponsibility); to bear up (* under), bear,

hamala i (haml) to earry, bear (* s.th.);
J*-
stand, suBtain, endure, tolerate, stomach
to lift, pick up (* s.th. in order to carry
undergo, suffer (* s.th.); to
(* s.th.); to
it), load up and take along (* s.th.); to
be able to stand (• s.o.) or put up (« with
hold (* s.th., in one's hand); to carry
s.o.); to set out, get on one's way; to
on or with one, take or bring along
convey depart VI to maltreat, treat unjustly
(» s.th.); to transport, carry,
s.th. U s.o.), be prejudiced, be biased, take
(* s.th.); to bring, take (Jl or J * (

sides against s.o.); to struggle to

to s.o.); to take upon o.s. (je- instead of (J*
 ; ;,

J-

one'a feet, rise with great effort J^L^- äLj" ham,lla 'alä a bürden to,
| J* J*
*-_jÜ (nafsihi) to brace o.a.; to puü 0.8. completely dependent upon
together, take heart, pluck up courage
Jj*- hamül long-suffering; gentle, mild-
VIII to carry, bring (* s.th.); to carry
tempered
away, take away, haul off, lug off (*
s.th.); to suffer, undergo, bear, stand, JL»- hammäl pl. -ün, l porter, carrier

endure, suatain (* s.th.); to allow, permit, iJ L»- himäla work and trade of a
suffer, tolerate, brook, atomach (* s.th.), porter or carrier
acquiesce (* in), put up, bear (* with
üL»- hammäla (carrier) beam, girder,
s.th.); to hold (* s.th.), have capaeity
aupport, base, post, pier, pillar; suspend-
(* for); to imply that a.th. (*) is possible,
ers |
jJ«JJ -JL»- (sadr) brassiere
permissible, or conceivable; yahta*
J*^
milu and (pass.) yuhtamalu (it is) bear- ÄJy- humüla pl. -ät load capaeity,
able, tolerable; (it is) conceivable, pos- load limit, capaeity; tonnage (of a
sible, probable, likely vessel) ; portage, freightage, tranaport
charges; (pl. JJl*- hamait?) family (/r.)
J> haml carrying, bearing; induce-
ment, prompting, encouragement (of J*^ mahmal see J> harnala; also

s.o.,
J* to); delivery; transport, trans- Ul J** J* lju-i i^-l (m. il-jidd) to take

portation, conveyance portage, carry- s.th. seriously

;

ing charges; — (pl. JU-I ahmäl, Jl»-

J*^ mahmil (colloq. mahmal) pl. J*l£
himäl) foetus pregnancy JJ. -.o*
;
|
1
mahämil 2 camel-borne litter mahmal ;

'adam al-h. sterility (of a woman) a richly decorated litter sent by Islamic
himl, haml JU-I ahmäl cargo, rulers to Mecca as an emblem of their
J> pl.

load, bürden | ^ J> haml hayy pay load,

independence, at the time of the hadj

commercial load, live load; ! ,

-, A*-
J~** tahmil burdening; eneumbrance;
(jnayyit) dead load; dead weight (arch.); impoaition; loading, shipping, shipment
öj\j*
J> (muwäzin) counterpoiae, coun-
iL*j£ tahmila pl. J^UT tahämü 2 sup-
terweight
pository (med.)

J*- hamal pl. j-^jh humlän, JU- 1

J**i tahammul taking over, aasump-

ahmäl lamb; (unconaecrated) Hoat (Chr.-
tion (of burdens); bearing, Standing, suf-
Copt); Ariea, Kam (astron.)
ferance, endurance; durability; strength,
iL»- hamla pl. hamalät attack (J* on); hardiness, sturdiness, aolidity (of a ma-
offensive; campaign; military expedition; terial)

expeditionary force ijjjtj iL»- (ta'di-

J-l* tahämul prejudice, biaa, partiali-
|

blya) punitive expedition ; iJU* iL*-

ty; intolerance
(pihäfiya) presa campaign; iJLii^l iU-
i}\^-\ ihtimäl bearing, standing, auf-
{istikSäfiya) reconnaissance raid (mtl.)
Ä-SLjlx-. iL»- fering, sufferance, toleration; probability,
motorized detachment (mit.);
ij U^J Ü»- (intikäbiya) election
I
campaign
likelihood, potentiality | Jl^^l ^^0
(sa'b) hard to bear, oppressive
Jj- hamali pl. -lya ambulant water
J-U- hämil pl. iL»- hamala porter'
veador
carrier; bearer (of a note, of a check, etc.

J-»» hamil foundling; guarantor, war- of an order or decoration); holder (of

rantor an identification paper, of a diploma, of a
 ;;

208
J~
certificate) ; holding device, holder, y humüw heat
clamp, fastener, hold, support (techn.);
fighter (J* against); (pl. J*l_>*- hawämil 2 )
ir- huma pl. -ät, ^ human sting,

stinger (of inseeta); prick, apine (of

pregnant | OjjJI J*U Courier; ^-^1 *b-
plante)
Ä. al-askum shareholders ; vjAilfl U#- the
publicists, the writera; <Üil «•^T J*U- A. ^ hamiy hot, glowing; heated,

kaläm alläh one who knows the Koran ezeited

by heart; J*U- jLJ (tayyär) carrier

current (ei,); iLU- «l^Vj* («wuj'öf) carrier

y hummä see * j

wavea (ei.) *-j- hamiya zeal, ardor, fervor; enthu-

siasm, ardent zeal, fanaticiam; violenoe,
Ü*U- AämtZa pl. -<H device for carry-
vehemence; passion, rage, fury; heat of
ing, carrier | ~*^tj*-
ü*l*- map case; 3JL.U-
ezeitement; temper, temperament |
i-J-i
jjly U* A. fä'irät airorafb carrier
*-»yü\ (qaumiya) chauvinism
Jj*£ TTioAmfii carried, borne ; bear-

able, tolerable; load weight, Service Li- humayyä heat; ezeitement, Agita-

weight, cargo; tonnage (of a veasel); tion; enthusiaam; fire, pasaion, impet-

predicate, attribute (logic) , *-l* 6y>£- uoeity, vehemence; fury, rage; wine
subject (logic) ü>*^ Ili* (muSäh)
|
*j\j- hamäwa heat
motorized infantry (mÜ.) ; [>*- öjj~£- *?*
(jatowan) airborne troops (mtl.) -*^ mahman fire Chamber, furnace
(of a stove, oven, etc.)
J** muAammai loaded, laden, heavily
charged, burdened (t-> with), encumbered >U- hämin hot; heated, violent, fieroe

(vby) (e.g., a battle) ; glowing, passionate,

muktamal bearable, tolerable fiery; burning

J*=*
probable, likely
**- hamä i (hamy, <Aj~ himäya) to defend,
jlt- hamtaqa (Ul#- AamJoga) to stare, gaze guard (a, • s.o., s.th., ,> againat), protect,
j
(
or v at) shelter, shield (j* *, • s.o., s.th. from);

to deny (^^11 the patient) harmful

U*^> himaläyä Himalaya
food (*; = to put him on diet); to forbid
to do s.th.) III to defend (j- s.o.
lj*" Äamfl (oonBtruot State of f harn) and iU- (öl • s.o.

AamäA see 1 *- or s.th., also, of a lawyer in oourt); to

shield, protect, support (jt b.o. or s.th.),
*( _>* and > ) v* hamiya a to be or become
take up the cause of {&), stand up for
hot; to glow (metal); to flare up; to fly
{jfi) VI to keep away (* from), shun,
into a rage, become furious J» at) ^y- *
( j
avoid (* s.th.) VIII to protect o.s. (•,
u^Ujfl fierce fighting broke out II to oover
from s.th., from b.o.), defend o.s.,
make hot, heat (* B.th.); to heat to
seek protection, Beek
o.s. (v with B.th.),
glowing (* metal); to fire up (* a stove);
with also x*',
shelter or refuge (*-j s.o.,
to kindle, inflame, stir up, exoite (* B.th.)
.yfrom)
to bathe (= 8 j- II) IT to make hot, heat
j* himan protection; defense; sanc-
(* s.th.)
tuary
j*- hamw heat |
JjJl j*- A. an-niZ

prickly heat, heat rash, liehen tropious *-*- himya that wbioh is defended;
diet
 ; ! ;

ijl*- himäya pl. -ät protection, patron- o- hanna sympathy; commiseration,

age, sponsorship, auspices; protectorate compassion, pity; favorable aspect, ad-
(M) vantage
•l*l£ muhämäh defense (jur.); legal öLj- hanän sympathy, love, affection,
profession, practicing of law J
»Ul^l «La tenderness; commiseration, compassion,
kai'at al-m. the bar pity; liJLJL*- hanänaika have pity! have
»£»-! iAftmä* seeking cover, seeking mercy
protection; cover, aheiter, protection Üb*- hanäna compassion, pity, com-
Aömt'n pl. «l> AumäA protector, miseration
l»U-

defender, guardian; patron { v^"' *l>*^' ,>j- hanin longing, yearning, hanker-
(rfouia) protecting power (of a' protector- ing, nostalgia, craving, desire
ate)
üj^*- hanün affectionate, loving, soft-
4-*U- hämiya pl. -0/ patroness, pro- hearted, tenderhearted, compassionate,
tectress; garrison (miJ.) merciful ; tender, soft, gentle, kind,
^^»rf- mahmty protected (<-> by); being moving, touching (voice)

under a protectorate, having the Status üLj- hannän affectionate, loving,

of a protectorate j *-•* ÜLu (minfaga) tender ; compassionate, sympathetic
protectorate (country)
üL*i tihnän attachment, derotion,
i-*^ mahmiya pl. -ö* protectorate
loyalty
(country; pol.)
J\£ tahannun tenderness, affection,
pL»t muA£mm pl. üj^l* muhdmün
Bympathy
defense counsel, counselor-at-law, lawyer,
barriater, attorney (at law), adrocate u*- II to dye red (* s.th., with henna)

*-*[£ muhämiya woman lawyer »Lj- hinna henna (a reddish-orange

cosmetic gained from leaves and stalks
Jlrf- muhtamin one who seeks pro-
of the henna plant) j
»LJ-I _^jl abü l-h.
tection ; protegä ; being under a pro-
robin (redbreast); »LJ-I j£ (colloq. tamr
tectorate, having the Btatus of a pro-
el- hinna) henna plant (Lawaonia inermis;
tectorate
bot.)
%
l\j-, »\j- hamäh Hama (city in W Syria)
<JU- look up alphabetically
^- hanna « (&'-*- hanin) to long, yearn,
hanker (Jl for), crave (Jl s.th.); — (o- J-^- hanball Hanbalitic, of or pertaining to
the ma4hab of Ahmad ibn Hanbai
hanna, oLj- hanän) to feel tenderness,
puritanical, Btrict in religious matters;
affection, sympathy (
J* for s.o.) ; to
(pl. ÜiLij- hanäbila) Hanbalite
Bympathize, commiserate (J* with),
feel compassion ( J* for); to pity
(J* h.o.), o^iU-, <jy\*- see j*-
have mercy (J* on) II to move, touch,
fiü with tenderness, soften, fill with
£jj- hanita a (hint) with «t^r j or «l*-j : to

compassion (*Jj galbahü s.o.'s heart)

break one's oath V to practica piety,

to blossom, flower, be in bloom (tree)

perform works of derotion ; to seek

V to feel sympathy, religious purification; to scorn sin, not

feel pity, feel compas-
sion (J* for s.o.), commiserate yield to sin
(J* with
s.o.); to be tender, affectionate <i-j- hint pl. iltLj-l ahnät perJury; sin
 ;;

C*- hanjara pl, U*- hanäjir3 larynx, i_x*-\ ahnaf* afflioted with a distortion

throat of the foot

kunjür pl. ^»-U*- hanäjir' larynx, p>- haniqa a (kanaq) to be furious, mad,
angry; to be annoyed, exasperated,
peeved, irritated (J* or J* at, by), be
to prance (horee); to caper,
J*^*- hanjala resentful (J* or j* of) IV to infuriate,
gambol II tahanjala to dance, caper,
enrage, embitter, exasperate, irritate
gambol, frisk
(• b.o.)

^x*- Atndi« pl. ^jL»- AanädtV dark night £*- hanaq fury, rage, ire, wrath, anger,

(yellow) exasperation, resentment, rancor

J^i-Lj- handaqüq (bot.) melilot,

Bweet clover (Melilot us) ,£*- haniq furious, mad, angry; resent-

ful, bitter, embittered, annoyed, exas-

±1*. hanaS pl. ^Jli*-' ahnäi snake
perated, peeved

Sc*- II to embalm (. a corpse);to stuff (* a

g U- häniq furious, mad, angry
carcasa) embittered, annoyed,
resentful, bitter,

ül*. Atnfa wheat exasperated, peeved |

*LA-1
J* JjU-
(AayäA) weary of life, dispirited, dejected;
Ü.L*- hi-näta embalming
misogynist
»L_iJI
Jp JJU (nisä')
ScJ- takannuf mummification
j^- muhnaq infuriated , enraged
Sc£- muAannaf mummified embittered, bitter, angry, exasperated,

light resentful
j .L;J-1 ijjP 'arafta* ai-Aanffir victoria,

carriage designed for two passengers

iL*- hanaka i u, II and IV to sophisticate,

IL>- hanzal (coli.; n. un. •) colocynth niake experienced or worldly-wise through

(Citrullus colocynthis; bot.)

severe trials (said of fate, time, age)

dk*- hanak pl. iiL*-l ahnäk palate

tjc- hanafa i to tum or bend eideways

true Jl*. hanaki palatal

,_Ä^*- hanif pl . »Ui»- hunafä' *
believer, orthodox; one who scorns the iL*- hunk, hink and *£>- hunka world-

falfie creeds surrounding him and pro- ly experienco, worldly wisdom gained
feßses the true religion; true (religion) |
through experience, sophiatication
_'-,• J- l j-Jl (din) the True (i.e., Islamic)
iU^ mvhannak experienced, worldly
Religion, also »U*- Jl ii-J-l (aamAö')
di^j (mu*
wiae, sophisticated |
ili**

L*~ hanafi pagan, heathen, idolater bannak) shrewd, smart, sharp

L

(Chr.); Hanafitic (see <Jt*-); (pl. -ün)

(ji^- and ^*-) L*- hanä u and ^- hanä i to
Hanafi
bend, curve, twist, turn; to lean, incline
3-i*- hanafiya paganism, heathendom toward s.o.); to feel for s.o.
(J* or Jf
(Chr.); Hanafitic madhab (an orthodox sympathize (J* with s.o.), com-
(J*),
achool of theology founded by Abu miaerate, pity (Jp s.o.), feel compassion,
Hanifah); — (pl. -ät) faucet, tap;
feel pity (J* for s.o.); to bend, bow,
hydrant flex, curve, crook (* s.th.) IV to bend,

ULJ-I al-hamfiya the True (i.e., bow, tilt, incline (* s.th. ; e.g., *--ij

Islamic) Religion rcCaahü one's head); to sympathize (J*

 ;;

c
with b.o.), feel compaasion, feel pity
(Jp j»«^ munhanin bent, curved, crooked,
for s.o.), commiserate, pity
(
J*> b.o.) YII to twisted; inclined, bowed
bend, curve, twist, tum; to be wind-
J*»i* munkanan pl. oU»^ munha*
ing, be tortuous, wind, meander (e.g.,
nayät bend, flexure, deflection, curvature;
aroad); toturn,deviate,digress(^frfrom);
turn, twißt, break, angle; ourve (of a
to bow (J to s.o.); to lean, incline (J# or road, and math.); slope
3ji over B.th., Jl toward s.o., toward
a.th.}; to devote o.a. eagerly (J*- to s.th.); O^L- hänüt pl. C-aj^j*- hawänifi störe, shop;

to contain, harbor (J# s.th.) | j^jLi öl wineahop, tavern

i>~* J* (i»*^ V (£«&'*» #0«) I harbor no Jjj U- hänüti pl. -iya (eg, ) corpee
grudge, I feel no resentment washer; undertaker, roortician, grave-

_^j- Aanu> bending, deflection, flezing, digger

flexure, curving, curvature, twißting,

*\j>- hawwä** Eve
t Urning

<~jj>- Y to abstahl from sin; to lead a pious

_^*- hinw pl. »L*-l aAnä' bend, bow,
life; to re&ain, abBtain (j- from s.th.)
turn, twist, curved line, curve, contour;
pl. riba |
l^L*-l jn in her bosom <ij>- hauba sin, offense, misdeed, out-
rage
_^j- kunüw sympathy, compaasion,
tenderness, affection »Lj»- haubä'* soul

J»- Aan-j/ bending, deflection, flexing, Cjj*- hüt pl. Ob-»- Aiiän, ol^*-i aAwät fish;

flexure, curving, ourvature, twißting, whale; Pisces, Fishes (astron.) j Oj*-

turning ü^-L A. Bulaimän salmon

i-^- hanya bend, turn, curve

£j*- IY ahwaja to have need, stand in need,
4^*- Aanti/a pl. LL*- kanäyä arc; be in want (Jl of s.th.), need, require,
camber, curvature | »j-L* LL*- j in hia want (Jl s.th.); to put (» s.o.) in need of
boaom; *—ü LL*- j in hiß heart, deep (Jl), make necessary (Jl » for s.o. s.th.),

inaide him require (Jl » of s.o. s.th.), compel, oblige

(Jl » s.o. to); to impoverish, reduce to
*jL*- kinäya curving, curvature, twißt-
poverty (. s.o.) Jl 4*rj*-\ L. {ahwajahü)
ing, turning, bending |

how much he Stands in need of . . . ! how

OjJU- see below urgently he needs ...! VIII to have need,

^£- mahnan pl. oU- mdhänin curva- stand in need, be in want (Jl of; also J),

ture, bend, flexure, bow, turn, curve need, want, require (Jl s.th., s.o.)

»L*; I inhinä* bend, deflection, curvature rj*- haiij need, want, lack, de-
curve; arc; inclination, tut; bow, curtsy ficiency, destitution

S»L^i inhinä* a {n. vic.) bow, curtsy i^U- häja pl. -ät need (Jl or ^ of);
necessity, requirement, prerequisite ; na-
jlji-l al-hawänl the longest ribe; (fig.)
tural, bodily need; pressing need, needi-
breast, boBom | ^j*- *J*.
hi-mil'i h.
ness, poverty, indigence, destitution ;
(they shouted) at the top of their lungs,
object of need or desire; desire, wish,
with all their might
request; necessary article, requiaite;
^£- mahniy bowed, inclined (head) matter, concern, business, job, work;
bent, curved, crooked thing, object; — pl. £\j>- kawä'if needs.
 212
zr
necessities, necessarieft; everyday objecto, t$j>»- hüdi coachman, cabman, driver
effects, belongings, posseBaions, atuff;
*ikr~ hü4iya coaohman's work or trade
olothes, olothing | (J) Jl i^U- j OK* to
stand in need, be in want of (s.th.), need, (jjp~) jU- hära i* to return ( Jl to) ; to recede,
require (s.th.); (J) Jl V^1 V (Ad?ata) deerease, diminiah, be reduced (Jl to)
. . . is not neoessary, not required, there II to ohange, alter, amend, transform, re-
is no need of...; *j J **-\*- V I don't organise, remodel, modify (* or ,> s.th.);
need it; «jJX\ X* if (or when) neoessary, to roll out (* dough); to make white,
if need be, in oaae of need; i»-^~ j* J wbiten (* a.th.); to bleach (* a fabrio)
(0turt AdjoJin) unneceasarüy; 4*-U-l *j U mto talk, oonverae, have a conversation
the essentials; 4»-U-l Jrf. fnoAaU aZ-A. the (• with s.o.); to diacuss, debate, argue
essential passage, the gist, the substance, IT (with L»l_jj-. jawäban) to answer, reply
the crux, the interesting part (of an (with negations only) T to be altered,
exposition); c*-U- x- «uftftx Aä/afaAfi to changed, amended, transformed, re-
meet s.o.'a needs, provide for s.o.*s organized, remodeled, modified VI to
needs; o-U- ^^i» gu£5 AdjataAu to fulnll carry on a diaouasion
fl.o.'s wish; ö-U-l ^i» to relieve nature
jy~ hawar white poplar (also pro-
oL*-U- häjiyät everyday commodities, nounced haur); bark-tanned sheepskin,
Utensils, Utilities, neoessaries, neoessities basil ; marked oontrast between the
white of the oornea and the blaok of the
rj*-' oAuw;"1 in greater need (Jl of
iris
s.th.) ; more neoeasary
#jU- hära pl. -ät quarter, part, section
pL^-l ihtiyäj want, need, requirement»
(of a oity); (Tun.) ghetto; lane, alley,
(pre)requisite, necesaity; pl. -ät needs,
aide atreet (with occasional pl. <jjj*-
neoessities, neoessaries
hawäri) | xJ\ «jU- A. as-sadd blind alley,
ifrjU- mahätvif (pl. of «y* mvh» dead-end atreet
wt;*) needy, poor, deatitute people
jj*-\ abwar*, f. •!;_>•- Aaurtf 1 , pL j^-
r\s* muhtäj in need, in want (Jl of Aflr having eyes with a marked contraat
s.th.). requiring (Jl s.th.); poor, deatitute, of white and blaek, (also, aaid of the
indigent eye:) intensely white and deep-blaok

*U-j*- haujala pl. J*r[>*- hatuäjiP pbial (eAem.) \j\y hawwära (hawäral) cretaoeous
rook; ohalk
(j_j*-) jU- häda u (haud) to tum aside, tum
away tum iSj]y hatväri pl. -ün diaciple, apostle
(j& from), turn (je off) II to
(of Jesus Christ) ; diaciple, follower
off, take a turning

•jj*- hauda turn, turning <Jj\f hutvtvärä cretaceous rock; chalk

hjj^- hüriya pl. -ät, jj»- hür houri,

(j_j*-) JU- Ad(£a u (Aaud) to urge on, spur on
virgin of paradise ; nymph (pl. -ät)
(* animala) IT do. X i_j»jj istahwada to
;

young locust j
»Hl <jjj*- water nymph,
overwhelm, overoome, overpower (Jp
nixie
s.o.; esp. emotions), get the better of

(Jp),
gain mastery (Jp over); to aeize o\jjp~ haurän 1 the Hauran, a moun-
(Je on), take possession (Jp of), usurp tainous plateau in SW Syria and N
( Jp s.th.) Jordan
 ;; ;

213
wr
jj£ mihwar pl. jjlrf mahäwir 2 rolling enclosed area, enclosure; precinct(s),
pin ; pivot, core, heart, center ; axis boundary, city limite
ttxle, axletree
ifjj*- hauzi poBsessory, tenurial

j\A mahär (coli.; n. un. ä) oystere;

•j j»- Kaum possession, holding, tenure
shellfish, mussels; mother-of-pearl, nacre
property; area, territory |
*Jjj*- j or
lj\£- mahära (n. un.) oyster; oyster tJk
i vj*- J /* A. yadihi in his possession;

shell, muaael; trowel -r-** Vj*- ü* t}*^ * ne defense of Egyptian

territory
jj£- tahwir alteration, change, trans-
formation, reorganization, reshuffle, re- >*- hayyiz, haiz pl. jL*-l ahyäz scope,
modeling, modification ränge, reach, extent, compass, confines,
field, domain, realm sphere >*- ;
| j J»--U V
j]y Atuwrtalk, conversation, dialogue;
J_ji*il (yadkulu) it is not within the
argument, dispute; text (of a play);
bounds of reason; Jji-Il >*- Jl j y (to
Script, scenario (of a motion picture)
advance to the realm of fact, i.e.) to

»jj\£- mtthäwara talk, conversation, become a reality; jtCVI >*- J f\ h. il-

dialogue; argument, dispute imkän within the realm of possibility,

quite possible
_)jL*i tahätvur discussion
•jL*- hiyäza possession, holding, tenure;
{jj>- and >*-) jL- häza u {hauz, »jL*- hiyäza) taking possession, occupation, occupancy;
to possess, own, have (* s.th.); to gain, acquisition of title, acquisition of the
win, get, receive, obtain, achieve, attain right of possession; obtainment, at-
(a s.th., e.g., success, victory, etc.); to tainment, acquisition
gain possession, gain control (* of s.th.),

seize, monopolize (* s.th.); — häza t

>*:
bias
tahayyuz partiality; prejudice,

(>*- haiz) to drive on, urge on (* camels)

V tahawwaza and tahayyaza to writhe, jL*l \7ihiyäz Isolation, seclusion, re-

twist, coil; — tahayyaza to stay away, tirement; partiality; prejudice, bias

keep away, seclude o.a., isolate o.s.
J\*~ hä'tz posseesor, holder, tenant
(^ from); to be disposed, incline, tend,
lean (Jl toward); to join (Jl s.o. or s.th.); >j*i« mutahayyiz partial, prejudiced,

to aide (J, Jl with), take sides (J, Jl in biased

favor of) VII to isolate o.s., seclude o.s., jUw munhäz secluded, retired, with-
separate, Begregate, disengage o.s., dis- drawn, removed (j* from); an Outsider,
sociate o.s., stay away, keep away, retire, a stranger (j* to)
withdraw (^ or y> from); to join (Jl
s.o. or s.th.); to unite (Jl with); to side xj*^- VIII (eg.) to be in a quandary, waver,

(Jl or J with), take sides (Jl or J in favor hesitate

of) VIII to possess, own, have (* s.th.);

^(^j*-) ^L*- häSa u (hauS) to round up, drive
to take possession (* of s.th.); to keep,
into a trap (* game); to stop, check,
prevent, hin der (^ • s.o. from)
prevent, hinder {* s.th.), stand in the
jjj- hauz possession, holding, tenure; way {* of); to hold back, stem, stave
obtainment, attainment, acquisition off (* s.th.) II to gather, collect, amass,
taking possession, occupation, occupancy acoumulate, pile up, hoard (* s.th.); to
(jwr.) tenancy; — (pl. j]y-\ ahwäz) save, put by (* money); to find (* s.th.)
 ;

0»!T

J^jr- hauS pl. ^2^1 ahwäs, jLIaj- (\?j*~) -UU- Aöta u {häuf, *J*=*- Atta, iLL».

Äiiän enclosure, encloBed area; court- Ätyä/a) to guard, protect (*, • s.o., s.th.),

yard watch (*, • over s.o., over s.th.), have the

custody (*, • of); to attend (* to), take
^jr- haivas mob, rabble, riffraff
care (* of), look after s.th. (*); to Sur-
i^j*- hüSi wild; unusual, odd, queer, round, encircle, enclose, encompasa (t-»

stränge s.o., s.th.) II to build a wall (* around

Week s.th..), wall in (* a.th.); to encircle, Sur-

^U-l s-^-l usbu al-häü Passion
round (* s.th.), close in from all sidea (*
{Chr.)
on s.th.) III to try to outwit, dupe, or
8 LiU, ^U see ji»-, -J> ^l*- Aä£a JiüäÄ outemart (» s.o.); to mislead, lead
astray, seduce (• s.o.) IV to Surround
(._j s.o., a.th., also *, • s.o., s.th., l-» with);
<-»>»- Aaimf aquinting of the eyes (cauBed
to encompasa, enclose, embrace, comprise,
by constant exposure to glaring light)
contain (.-> s.th., also *); to ring, encircle
2
,j*j*-\ ahwa?, 2 f. »L»j»- hauqa , pl. (>y s.o. , s.th., also m, • s.o., s.th., l-* with
Aü? having narrow, aquinting s.th.), cloee in from all aides (l-> on); to
u -»->»-
cyea know thoroughly, comprehend, grasp
completely, underatand fully (l-> a.th.),
•—»L*- hiyäsa girth.
be familiär, be thoroughly acquainted
A^i>»- hausal, ~*L*j*- hausala craw (of a bird) (l-* with) |
1,1* o J*U-I ('Üman) to know
bladder; pelican l^jljll iL^-1 (maräriya) s.th. thoroughly, have comprehensive
gall bladder, bile (a;ia(.) knowledge of s.th.; to take cognizance,
take note of s.th.; u LI* *i»UI he in-
La) u- Auwaipti blister, bleb, vesicle;
formed him of . . ., he let him know
water blister
about . .
.
; he brought ... to his notice
iL^ij*- kuwaifiila pl. -ät blister, bleb, V to guard, protect (*, • s.o., a.th.); to
vesicle take precautions (* with regard to),

attend (* to); to be careful, be cautious,

,j*j*- hav4 pl.
u>!>»-'
aAiwäd, ^L*- hiyä4,
be on one's guard VIII to be careful, be
üUi.*- Ai^än basin; water basin; trough,
cautioua, watch out, be on one'a guard;
tank, cistern, reservoir, Container; basin
to take precautions, make provision (J
of a river or sea; pool; (in the Egyptian
for, so as to ensure ...); to Surround
irrigation system) a patch of land aur-
(l-> s.o., s.th.); to guard, protect, preserve
rounded by dikes, flooded by high watcr
(J* .-> s.th. from), take care («-* of),
of the Nile; pond; pelvis {anat.); (garden)
attend (l-> to), look after (.->), see to it
bed; dock; pl. ,j«*L*- hiyäd (sacred)
(öl that)
ground, area, domain (to be proteeted),
sanctum |
J»U ^j*- (jäjf) dry dock; Üa_*- hlpi, haifa, *iy»- haufa cautious-
a\j- ^j*- Ä. hammäm bathtub; Aje ,jij*- ness, caution, provident care, prudence,

('awwäm) floating dock; oL»- j* jlj to circumspection |

<^*- -^ (hifatakü) to

assume the defense of s.o., make o.s. the be on one'a guard, take precautions; *Aj

champion of s.o.; to defend o.s.; t-ö <Lj- thoughtlessly, unthinkingly, inad-

j. -dl ^-il*- J* {dabba) to defend the faith; vertently

OjJii-lj jnjJI ^j*)y-\ coal and iron deposits

51» L»- kiyäta guarding, cuatody, pro-

O *-<»i>*- Äuuatda renal pelvis (anat.) tection, care

 ,;
;,

215

-Uj j*1 tahwi$ encirclement (atlanfi) the Atlantic Ocean; jjLX! L~£\
(hädi') the Pacific Ocean
«i»l>-l ihäfa encirclement, encompass-
ment; comprehension, grasp, understand- J»l*t muhäf surrounded («-« by)

ing, knowledge, cognizance (i_j of s.th.), J*>»^ mutahawwif cautious, prudent,

acquaintance, familiarity (i_j with); In- provident, circumspect, careful, watchful
formation, communication
Jip- häuf edge, rim, brim, brink; border,
i»j^ iahawwuf Provision, care, at-
hem, fringe
tention, precaution, prüde nee; pl. -ät
ül*- Ää/a pl. -ät, J>\j*- hawäfin border,
precautionary measures, precautions
rim, brim, brink, verge ; edge ; fringe,
J» Lj- I ihtiyäp caution, cautiousness hem |
*-»!»* ir'. witbin it, in it, thereüi
prudence, circumspection, carefulness;
(3j*-) jl*- häqa u (hauq) to Surround,
Provision, care, attention, precaution,
enclose, infold, embrace («-« s.o., s.th.)
prevention; pl. -ät precautionary meas-
ures, precautions J»L^-1M J-x- J* as a
II = I
(J* s.o., s.th.)
j

precaution, out of precaution, to be on 1

j!p- hauqala {51ip- hauqala) to pronounce
the aafe aide the formula: *J)li ^! *^i V. Jj»-^ (see l>j-

jWL^-l ihtiyäpi precautionary prophy- haul)

;

lactic; preventive; replacement; Spare- 2

SJJp- hauqala pl. Ji'_>*- Äaiwägt'P phial (cAem.),
rn Compounds) ; reserve- {in Compounds)
Florence flask
stand-by; reserve funds, capital reserves
(fin.); reserve (mil.) |
^tL^-l trj*- (AaJw) (iJp-) iJl*- Aäjfea u (hauk, 1JL>- AtyäJfc, ^"L*-
detention pending investigation ; jv\X> Aiyäki) to weave (* s.th.); to interweave
1J»Lj>- 1 precautionary measures, pre- (* s.th.); to knit (* s.th.); to braid, plait

cautions; 4-tL*-l £j\ji (qüwät) reserves (* s.th.) ; to contrive, devise, hatch,

(mil.); jWL^-l Jl* capital reserve, reaerve concoct (* s.th.; e.g., ruses, intrigues,

fund; *UM ijjJI J»l-^-l (crude-)oil re- pre texte), think up, fabricate, create (*
serves s.th. in one's imagination)

Jaj*U- Ää*t£ pl. jLL-*- hifän, -*»L»- hiyät, iTLj- hiyäka weaving; knitting; braid-
Jul^. hawä'ip 2 wall j
JLJ.I Joll*- A. aJ- tng, plaiting

mabkä Wailüig Wall (in Jerusalem) jiJL*- hä'ik pl. iS'L*- häka weaver; —
-UU-I ^jc A* (u^i or) Jll alqä {tfaraba) (mor.) an outer garment made of a long
r
bihi ur$a l-hä'it to make little of s.th., piece of white woolen material, covering
scorn, disdain, despise s.th.; to rejeet body and head
s.th., discard s.th., throw s.th. overboard;
to ruin, thwart, foil s.th. (Jp- and J-»-) Jl*-
häla u to change, undergo
a change, be transformed; to shift, turn,
-Uj_**- hawip (eg.) clever, smart, shrewd
pass, grow (Jl into s.th., also *), become
Ja_£ muhX\ surrounding («-« s.th.) (Jl s.th.); to deviate, depart (je from,
comprehensive ; familiär, acquainted (^ e.g., a commitment), dodge, evade, faü
with); — (pl. -ät) circumference, periph- to meet (je s.th.); to elapse, paus, go by
ery ; eztent , ränge , scope , compass (time) ; — (*ij^*- hailüla) to prevent (Ojj
reach, domain, area ; milieu, environ- s.th.); to intervene, interfere, interpoae,
r
ment, surroundings; ocean; pl. olL-tf come d>j between) |-i^* je Jl*- (
ahd) to
surroundings, environment |
^^Lii»^! Ja_^l withdraw from a contract; j^i ,>* Jl*-
 , ,

216

j*y\ lt j.j *° niftke s.th. inaccessible to hawivala to change, undergo a change;

s.o., impossible for s.o. ; to bar or obstruct to be changed (Jl to), be transformed, be
s.o. 's way to s.th.; to prevent s.o. from transmuted , be con verted (
Jl into)

s.th., deny s.o. s.th.; juj <-Jü ,jo JU- become (J! s.th.), tum, grow (Jl into),

liliiVl (i^fäq) to resist compassion, deny transform (Jl — j- or jp from — into),

o.s. any sympathy II hawwala to change change, develop, evolve (

Jl — j* from —
(Jl * or * * s.th. to s.th. eise), transform, to); to withdraw, go away, leave; to
tranamute, convert, turn, make (Jl * or move (Jl to a residence); to turn away
* a s.th. into s.th. eise); to transplant (^ from), turn one's back (^p on); to

(* s.th.); to transfer (a s.th.); to convert deviate (,jp from); to depart, digress,

( k s.th. , mathematically ) ; to switch stray (&JJ\ J* from the way); to re-

commutate (* current; el.); to convert, nounce, forgo, relinquish, disclaim (^p
transform (a current; el.); to shunt (* a s.th.); to proceed slyly or cunningly |

railroad car); to switch (a a railroad 5L#- JT J_j^ to employ every conceivable

track); to remit, send, transmit (a s.th., trick ; — tdhayyala to employ artful

e.g., money by mail, Jl to s.o.); to pass means; to ponder ways and means {J

on, hand on (Jl * s.th. to s.o.); to forward to an end, in order to attain s.th.)

(Jl > s.th. to s.o. or to an address); to VI iahäwala to try, endeavor, take pains
endorse (a a bill of exchange, a promis- (Jp to do s.th.), strive (Jp for);
—
sory note); to direct, tum (a s.th., also tahäyala and VIII to employ artful

»Jäi nazratan a glance, Jl to or toward); means, resort to tricks, use stratagems

to divert, distract, keep (^ a or • s.o. (Jp against s.o.); to deceive, beguile,
or s.th. from); to tum away, avert (»/-*j dupe, cheat, outwit, outsmart (Ja s.o.);

^ bofamkü one's eyes from); to tum to be out (Jp for s.th.) or achieve (Jp

off, switch off, disconnect (a current; el.)

s.th.) by artful means, by tricks VIII to
\

üoJI J^*- (daffa) to turn the heim, change work or strive ( on one's own re-

the course III häwala to try, attempt, sources), make efforts (on one's own)

endeavor (a s.th., jl to do s.th.), make IX J_p-I ihwaUa to be cross-eyed, to

an attempt, make an effort (jl to do squint X to change (Jf to, into), turn,
be transformed, be converted (Jl into);
s.th.); to Beek to gain (a s.th.) by artful
to be transubstantiated and(bread
means; to deceive by pretenses, make
wine, Jl into the body and blood of
excuses, hedge, dodge IV to change (a a
Christ; Chr.); to proceed, pass on, shift,
or Jl a s.th. to),. transform, tranamute,
switch (Jl to s.th. new or s.th. different);
tum, make (a a or Jl a B.th. into); to
to be impossible (Jp for s.o.); to be
convert, translate (a a or Jl * s.th. into);
in conceivable, absurd, preposterous
to transfer (* s.th.); to remit, send (* s.th.

Jl or Jp to s.o.); to assign (a, » s.o., JL- hol m. and f., pl. J1^-l ahwäl
or Jp to s.o.) to turn over, hand
s.th., Jl ; condition, State ; Bituation ; poeition,

over, pass on (Jp «or « s.o. or s.th. to); Status ; circumstance ; case ; present,

to forward (Jp a s.th. to); to refer (J) • actuality (as opposed to future); circum-

s.o. to); to cede, transfer (a a debt, Jp stantial expreBsion or phrase {gram.); pl.:

to s.o.; jvr.) |
J\A\ (Jl) > J^l (uhila, conditions, ciroumstances ; matters, af-

ma'äi) and -IpUiII Jl J-»-l {taqä'ud) he fairs, concerns; cases; häla (prep.) dur-
was pensioned off; Jl «JL-XII C-L»-1 ing; immediately upon, right after; just

j^.jj_rJI the bill was protested (ßn.) V to» at; in case of ...» in the eventof .. .; VI*-
 : ;

217

hälan presently, immediately, at once, ^jl^LJi h. af-tawäri' state of emergency;

right away, without delay; now, actual- ( _rxUI JU- j (talabbus) flagrante delicto

ly, at present [
Jli-I j and JU on the (jur.); ÄJall JU-I (madanlya) civil status,

spot, at once, immediately; JU- Jf J* legal status ; JU-I »j* su al-h. predic-

(Iculli hälin) and JU- ^1 Je (ayyi h.) in ament, plight

any ca8e, at any rate, anyhow; Je JJ-j
actual,
JU- hall present, current,
JU- (yabqä) it remains unchanged, just
existing; momentary, instantaneous UU- ;

as it is; Jl_>*-Vl j- JU- j in some case or

hällyan at present, actuallj |
IJU- »jj~#
other, anyway, if occasion 8hould arise,
(püra) snapshot (phot.)
possibly; {with neg.) by no meana, under
no circumstances, not at all, in no way; SJU- häliya actuality, topicality, time-
liness
JU- J*, Jltf, JU- ^L bi-ayyi h. with neg.
by no meana, not at all, in no way; Jj^- haul pl. Jl_>*-I ahwäl year; might,
j Jli-I jJJiT the same goes for ..., it is power |
<öiL VI »y Vj J_>*- V lä haula
the same with..., it is also the case wa-lä qüwaia illä bi-lläh there is no power
with...; j JU-I j* 1^ as is the case and no strength save in God; J Jj*- V
with; .iJJU- yJiS" how are you? Jl* *^ iL» Vj (wa-lä hllata) he is completely
a thing in itaelf, a separate, independent powerless, he can do nothing, he is at
thing ; «j ji- 1 J ly- V I (jaunviya) atmos - the end of his resources
pheric conditions; *..a^lll Jl^*-Vl Tl*
Jj» hiwal change of place, change
(Sajcpiya) courts dealing with vital |

4««kdt or) u>li

V_>*- <Ce ö_jiiu V (yabtagüna) they don't
statistice; JL>*-VI (pliü
want it otherwise, they ask for it
personal Statute ; JU- 1 <_->-L* noun
referent of a circumstantial phrase Jj» haula (prep.) around, about;
(gram.); JU- ^jt. 'ard h. application, circa, about, some, approximately, rough-
memorial, petition; Jli-I uUJ, JU- ÜU ly (with following number); about (esp.

see jLJ in news headings, approx. = re, concern-

HU- hälamä (conj.) as soon as

ing) |
J_>*- ^ (haulihi) (= <!_>*-) around
him (or it), about him (or it); Lj-Jj*- Cf
JU- häla pl. -ät condition, state; Sit- (haulaihimä) around the two of them,
uation; (possible, actual) case; hälata about them; from their vicinity, from
(prep.) during |
jl JU- hälata an (conj.)
their surroundings (dual)
whereas; ai* JU-lj under these circum-
Jj» haull periodic, temporary, intcrim
stances, such being the case, things
one year old (animal), yearling; young
being as they are; JU- j (hälati) in (the)
animal; lamb, wether
case of ..., in the event of .. ., e.g., JU- j
<u Li (giyäbihi) in case of his absence, O ^LJj*- hauliyät yearbook, annals
»lijJl JU- j (wajäh) in case of death; j (= Fr. annalea, as a scientific publication)
JU-I Ȁ* in thia (that) case; jl JU- li-

J-»-
hau strength, force, power, vigor
hälati an in case that..., in the event |

J-»- Je (standing) upright, erect; »y V

that...; lil U JU- j if ; j JLLl ^ 1^ as
*^^- Je*" "^J ^ (qüwata) completely helpless and
is the case with...; 2-fr£»-l (ijti*
paralyzed
inä'iya) marital status; *jjJ-I oVU-l (jaw*
2
wlya) atmospheric conditions; JbX-\ JU- iL*- Ulla pl. J-*- hiyal, J~>U-I ahäyil

A. al-katar stand-by, alert, state of artifice, ruse, stratagem, maneuver, sut-

alarm; i^l^l JU-I the status quo; JU- terfuge, wile, trick ; device, shift ; a
 218

means to accomplish an end; expedient, (also ÄJl£ V alone) most certainly, pos-

makeshift, dodge, way-out; legal strat- itively, absolutely, by all means

agem (for the purpose of in fraudem
Jj^ tahwil transformation, trans-
legis agere) |
-JLI-I U what's to be done?
mutation, con version (J[ into B.th.)
j J <L/- ^ (Mota) I have no poasibility
change, alteration, modification; trans
to..., I am in no position to ...; j-U l*
plantation ; trans position, reversal, in
iL»- (&i-yadt) I can do nothing, I can get
version, translocation, dislooation, dis
nowhere; VI «L*- -Uf A Jam ya;ü2 At/afan
placement; transfer, assignment; con Ver-
tüä he couldn't do anything except . .
.
sion (e.g.,of currency); conversion, trans-
he had no other choice than ...; «JLi-l «^#1
formation (of electric current); O trans-
(a'yathu) he was at a Ioss, he was at the
fer (fin. ; ^oJl
Jj_>* t. ad-dain)
also
end of his wits
remittance (of money), transmittal, send
^*- kiyali cunning, crafty, wüy, sly, ing, forwarding; bül of exchange, promis
tricky, foxy sory note, draft (com.); check; endorse-

ahyaP craftier, wilier

ment (com.); c.o.d., cash on delivery |
Jj-I
L^VI o^U-JI Jl Ji^dl IUI <Lli {q&i.
J_>»- kawal squinting, Strabismus
Uyal ui-'vmla, ajnabiya) convertibility of
Jj^l ahwaP, f.
1
»fj*. Äauiä' , pl. J>p- currency
Äüi squinting, Bquint-eyed, cross-eyed,
«L^ tahwila pl. Jj.jU^ tahävAl* branch,
waUeyed
offsboot ; Biding, sidetrack (railroad) ; aide

JjJ»- Au'üi change, transformation, canal (irrigation; Eg.); switch (railroad)

transmutation ; prevention (0>> of s.th.)
iljLtf muhäwala pl. -ät attempt, try;
Jt_j»- At'unf obstacle; partition, screen effort, endeavor; recourse to expedienta,
shifta, or dodges, dodging, hedging
JL» Juyö&j (prep.) in view of ..., with |

regard to ..., in the face of, opposite, in

4jL»-
Jp <ljU (hayätihi) attempt on s.o.'s

front of, before

life, murderous aasault

ti\jf kauxlla pl. -ät assignment, cession <Jl*-l ihäla transfer, conveyance, as-

(jw.); bül of exohange, (promissory) signment ; remittance ; forwarding, re-

note, check, draft |

JjjJI «JJ_>»-, Sj-Ijj; *1\j*-
ferring (
Jl or
Jp to a competent autbori-
money order; jÄ* iJlj»- Ä. sajar traveler's ty); transmission, transmittal; O transfer
check {fin.); cession, assignment {Isl. Law);
abeurdity | Jp iJl*-1fL with reference to;
Jl_>»- hawäiä (prep.) around, about
SJL-VI ^li magistrate sitting at de-
circa, approximately, roughly, about,
fendant's arraignment, trial judge; <Jl*-l
some (with following number)
u^l (>) J (ma'äS) and 1 .fettdl Jl *IUI
*J_jL»- hailüla Separation, Interruption, (taqä'ud) pensioning off
disruption; prevention (up of e.th.)
J_>* takawwul change, transformation,
JU V lä mahdla = 31* V (see
transmutation; abrupt change, sudden
below) turn, reversal ; shift, transition ; departure,

iJUt maAäJa roller, wheel (of a draw deviation, digression (je- from) ; re-

weU) nunciation (je of) |

JpuH <k* nuqfat
turning point
o SJU- V lä mahälata minhu it is
at-t.

inevitable; there is no doubt about it; Js* tahayyvl use of tricks, trickery
 ;
;

JjUT tahäyvl and JL^-I t'Ä*»yä& use of ([V*") f^" b^ ma u (haum, öLy»- Aawamän) to
tricks, trickery; cunning, craft, subtlety, cirole, hover, glide (in the air; of a
artfulness ; malice, treachery , perfidy bird, also of an aircraft); to hover, swarm,
deception, fraud buzz (Jj*- and J# around) J
»-L* i^iJI C-*U-

(faibka, fliddahü) suspicion concentrated

Jjl* tahäyuli and Jl~*-I iktiyäli
on him, he was suapeoted II to circle in
fraudulent, e.g., JLj-I ^^1 (ifläs) frau-
the air; to hover in circles, to cirole; to
dulent bankruptcy
go around, revolve (thoughts and iinages,
•ULc^l istihdia ohange, transformation, in one'a head or mind); to browse (j in
tranamutation, turn, shift, tranaition a book)
transubstantiation (Chr.); impossibility,
inconceivability, abBurdity, preposterous-
•y hauma pl. -5t turmoil of battle,
thick of the fray; main part, bulk,
nesB
main body; (tun.) quarter, section (of
JJU- hä'il pl. JJlj»- Aawd'iP obstacle, a city)
obstruotion, impediment (uj* on the
way to s.th., j — jo see JU- häla I); iJU- and <UU> see ,>-
barrier; partition, acreen, folding screen;
Cj^U- see _y*-
'
— (pl* 4f Auwun/) changeable, variable,
frequently changing ; feeble, languid, ,jjm~ hawä i to gather, collect, unite (* s.th.);
wan, pallid to encompass, embrace, contain, hold,
enolose, comprise, include (* s.th.); to
J^ muhawwü pl. -<W Converter, trans-
poasess, own, have {* s.th.); to clasp
former (tl.)\ endorser
(* a.th., the hand) V to curl (up), coil (up)
iJyt muAaurwtbz switch (railroad) VIII to encompaBS, embrace, contain,

•ul* J^ mukawvxd 'alaihi o.o.d., oaah hold, enclose, comprise, include (* or

on deüvery; <t J^ oolleoted on delivery J# a.th.); to possess, own, have (* or Jp

s.th.)
J-rf. muAil transferor, assignor (J«J.
hatvtya convolution, coil, curl,
Zau 1
)
<ij^-
roll; pl. \j\j*~ hawäyä intestines, bowels,
Jl* mukäl inconceivable, unthink-
entrails
able, imposaible, absurd, preposterous,
unattainable *i]y- hatoäya pL -ät (eg.) wase, round
päd to support a bürden on the head or
J^«=* mutahaunoil changeable, variable,
on the back
changing |
*Jj**dl ->VVI (a'y&i) the
movable feasts (Chr.) jU- häwin pl. «1^»- hutoäh anake charmer;
juggler, conjurer, magician
Jljrf. muktäl artful, cunning, deceit-
ful, treacherous, perfidious, fraudulent; £j\jj& muhtawayät content (s) (of a
Bwindler, cheat, impostor, fraud; crook, book, of a receptaole) |
,j->Ül <z>LmJz£- the

scoundrel; assignee (Isl. Law) | «ul» Jl^ innermost thoughts, the secrets of the
debtor of a ceded claim, transferee {Isl. heart

Law)
(t/"» Js*
-
)
itf" ^tf** t/" hayya
» L* yahyä
J.*rjL^ mustahll imposaible, absurd, PW hayäh) to live; ^
hayya to live to
preposterous; 0">L*«i—. impossible thingB, see, ezperience, witness (* s.th.), live
imposäibilities, absurdities (* through a time) |
illil yJ
l
li-yahya
l-malik long live the king ! — ^- hayiya QjUI ohyä'i biologic(al); (pl. -ün)
L*£ yakyä (»L*- hayA*) to be aehamed (,> biologist |
«-jL»-I
»W*^* {Hmtyd*) bio-

of, because of) II L^ hayyä to keep ohemistry

{• s.o.) alive, grant (• s.o.) a long life; to
,&- hayiy bashful, ahy, diffident, modest
say to s.o. (.):*"! t&~* may God preserve
your life!; to greet, Baiute ( s.o.) IV L#-l *L*- haya shame, diffidence, bash-

ahyä to lend life (*, * to s.o., to s.th.), fulness, timidity ; shyness | »LA- i
JJj
enliven, animate, vitalize, endow with shameless, impudent; »LA-1 <Ü qiUat al-h.

life, call into being (* s.th.)» give birth shamelessness, ünpudence

(* to); to revive, reanimate, revivify •L»- hayäh pl. olj-»- hayawät life; life-
(* a.th.), give new life (* to); to put on, blood; liveliness, animation | J*iJ\ »L*-
produce, stage, arrange (* e.g., a theat- h. ar-rif country life, rural life; ÖUli »LJ-1
rical Performance, a celebration, and fämma) public life; «JJUl ILJ-I family
the like); to celebrate (a s.th., also a life; »LJ-1 j>^—» mustawä l-h. living
festival) j
jijS'JÜl L»-l ($ikrä) to commem- Standard; O »L»U J* 'ün* a*-Ä. biology
orate (a deceased person), observe the
tjj-*- Aayautf lively, füll of life, vital,
anniversary (of s.o.'s death); JJI L*-l
vigorous; vital, essential to life
(Jail) to burn the midnight oil, JJI L*-l

•"iL* (ßdULtan) to spend the night in *ijs*- hayawiya vitality, vigor, vim
prayer; !^Jl L*-l (aahrata) to perform C->Lj-»- hayawiyät: obj-/ oL*> jIj*
in the evening (of an artist); Lp-I
(mawädd mu$ädda) antibiotics
*ii*- (haflatan) to give a Performance;
ö]rf- hayawän pl. -<M animal, beast;
to perform at a celebration (axtist);

JLJ d^ Ö^jill c~^-\ 4* qad ahyat il-

(coli.) animals, living creatures |
CjIjIj-*-

LjJj (tadytya) mammals; üjif oljjj-*-

firgatu tatäta layälin the theatrical troupe
(muj'tarra) ruminants; J^iL ü]^- (fufailt)
gave thxee evening Performances X L*«£~l
parasite; oj^J-l 1* 'tfm. aJ-A. zoology
utahyä to spare s.o.'s (•) life, let live,

keep alive (» s.o.); L*^l-I istahyä,

f^\
L
Jlj-*- Aayaii»önl animal (adj.); zoolog-

istahä to be ashamed (• to face s.o.; ^* ic(al)

of B.th., because of s.th.); to beoome or

4J]^-Aayawäntyabestiality;animality,
feel emharrassed (^» in front of s.o.), be
animal nature
embarrassed {^» by); to be bashful, ßhy,
diffident ,^j*- huwayyin pl. -<ft minute animal,
animaloule
(j*- b°yy pl* •'•s*-'
°hya* living, live,
alive; lively, lusty, animated, active, ,-»-1 aAyd livelier; more vigorous,

energetio, unbroken, undaunted, un- more vital

dismayed; living being, organism; trihe, 5_*: toAfya pl. -<W, LLtf tahäyä greeting,
tribal oommunity; block of apartment salutation; Baiute; cheer (= wish that
houses; seotion, quarter (of a city) f
U God may •1 S"jJ i-*
give s.o. long life)
j |

•Lp-VI 'Um al-ahyü' biology; iUl (

y- iahxyatan li-dikrähu in Order to keep his
h. aX-älam. houseleek tree (Sempervivum memory alive, in remembrance of him;
arboreum L.; bot.) i jS^-JI 4_»Jl ('askariya) mUitary salute
t
^- hayya : »^LJi J*^- hayya aiä t-püak
•Lp»I iAyä* animation, enlivening
come to prayer! revival, revitalization, revivincation; ar-

*-*- hayya pl. -ät snake, serpent, viper ranging, Staging, oonducting, putting on,
 ;, ;

221

holding (of a celebration) |

j^-UI »L»-l t. 1^-*- haitumä wherever, wheresoever
a4-dikrä commemoration (of a deceased (place); wherever, no matter where...
person); j^-U »L»-l (ihyä'an) (with foll. (direetion) |
jJü\ ]£*. (iUafaqa) any-
gen.) in commemoration of..., in me- where, wherever it was (or be), haphaz-
moriam ...; ol_>ll .L*-l i. al-mawäl culti- ardly, at random
vation of virgin land
Vjj- haifiya pl. -ät standpoint; view-
•L»»i<-I istihyä' shame ; diffidence, bash- point, point of view, approach; aspect,
fulness, timidity; shyness respect, regard, oonsideration ; high social

L* muhayyan Btanding, social distinetion, dignity; pl.

face, countenance
also : considerations, legal reasons on
4jO—II ii^jl as-silt al-muetahiya sen- which the judgment is hased, opinion
sitive plant (Mimosa pudica; bot.)
O'w.) |
(SjjUI) oLSJ.1 jji (dawü) or

haüu where (place

«JLJ-I t->l*M t oLjLA-I ^l^H people of
t~*- (conj.) and di-
(high) social Btanding, prominent people,
rectum); wherever; since, as, due to the
people of distinetion; vLte^"' Vs^-' t>
fact that; whereas; inasmuch as |
(hayawäniya) from a zoological view-
ül <t~*- (anna) Bince, as, because, due to
point
the fact that...; in that...; u6" >i—*-
wherever it be; inany case, at any rate;
• Jj-JJ- 1 al-hitiyün the Hittites
£-*- Jl ilä haüu where (direetion); to
where . . ., to the place where . . . ; £-*- j. häda i (hatd, j^*- huyüd, jlj-*-
J L»-
(V-)
min haitu from where, whence, where- hayadän, jl* mahid) to deviate, swerve,
from; where (place); whereas; (with depart, desist (je from); to leave, quit,
foll . nominative ) as to , as for give up, abandon, relinquish (je s.th.);
concerning regarding , with respect je jU- to dissuade or get
,
<; s.o. away
to, in view of, because of; j^> from...; to incline, tend (Jl, j*. to,
üliJl d—»- min h. t-taqäjatu with regard toward), shade, blend (Jl, j* into) II to
to education, as far as education is keep aside, put aside <* s.th.) III to stay
concerned; jjOj IIj jjOj £_*. j„ (yadri away, keep apart (*, • from s.o., from
wa-lä yadri) whether he knows it or not, s.th.); to avoid, shun (*, • b.o., s.th.)
knowingly or without his knowledge; TU to depart, deviate, digreaa, swerve
V ^*- j* (with foll. imperf.) without (j* from)
(being, doing, etc.) ; ja ^*. j. as such, in
iteelf, jh £-* j. jJUil ('älam) the world
-l»- haid, jl-L»- hayadän deviation,
digression, depart ure, Bwerving, tuming
in iteelf, the world as such; jl ^ _i- j.
(anna) inasmuch view
aside, turning away
as; in of the
fact that; since, as, due to the fact •0-»- haida deviation, digression, swerv-
that ; <t~* bi-haitu inasmuch as ; in ing, departure (from a course) neutrality ;

Buch a manner that..., so as to...; so impartiality I.L*-

|
J* aside, apart, to
that...; such as...; (he found himself) one aide
at a point or degree where, e.g., j. c-j£*
-L* mahid avoidanoe (je of
jy" V •t~£- ;»ljJl (barä'a, tarä) = she
s.th.) |

<* jl* V (mahida) it is unavoidable

was so naive that she couldn't see . . .

*J it~J^ insofar as ... not, provided jL»- hiyäd neutrality (pol.) aLJ-I
J* |

that... not; jl *t~* (anna) in such a neutral; i-J^I je aU- (faß) derailment
manner that..., so as to..., so that... (railroad)
 .

222

j:>L»- hiyädi neutral (pol.) j-'U- hä'ir disconcerted, perplexed,

startled, diamayed; embarrassed, help-
»JjI^ muhäyadtr neutrality {pol.)
less, at a loss, at one's wit's end ; baffled,

Oj'U- haid neutral (pol.) bewüdered, confused, uncertain (j

muhäyid neutral (pol.) OjJu\£

about); Btraying, astray | *^\ j J\~
X>\£ ; I

(amrihi) confused, baffled, bewüdered,

the neutrals (pol.)
embarrasaed, at a loss, helpless

OjLlu muiahäyid neutral (pol.)

j,£- muhayyar embarrassed, at a loss,

iWjJ-»" haidaräbäd* Hydarabad helpless

_^*»i. mutahayyir and jlirf- muhtär

( j**-) jU- Aära (Ist pera. perf. hirtu) a (ij**~

haira, j\_r*- hayarän) to become confused;

to become or be helpless, be at a Iosb, j*- aeej^»-
know nothing (j off about}; to waver,
be unable to choose (joj — 0;
hesitate, J
.
üjtj**- flee <-?'j*-

between — and) j jU- (amriAf) to

|
»j*l

(u-V") 1^- h*W a •'

{bau* ~*~*t~ *«*#*. o*^-
u-»
be confused, baffled, bewüdered, dis-
mahifi) to flee, escape (j* s.th. or from
mayed; to be at a loss, be at one's wit's
s.th.), run away (j* from), turn one's
end II to confuae, baffle, bewilder, non-
back (y. on) VII do.
plus, embarrasa (• s.o.) V to become con-
fused; to be or become diamayed, atartled, ^j*?- haif, ***lj- haifia flight, escape

baffled, perplexed (j by), be at a loas (j waqa'a haifa baijta

j^_i fj*^- S (**J fi
as to) ; to waver (uncertainly) (Ju to get into a bad fix, meet with
between) | »j»\ j jJ- (amrihi) to be difficulties
confused, baffled, bewüdered, diaconcert-
ed, be at a Iobs, be at one's wit'B end
VIII =V ^J- mahlf
iJ
flight, escape; place of
refuge, retreat, sanctuary |
,j*~t- O; U it
s*- hair fenced-in garden, enclosure
unavoidable; ül ,y ua^-X j£j
j
1b i they
üJjJ-l jw h. aX-hayawän zoological
oouldn't but ..., they had no otber
garden, zoo
alternative but to . .

ijw haira confusion, perplexity, be-

wilderment, embarrasament, helplessness | (jrfL»-) C—iU- hä4at i (haia*, ^ä^ mahüf,

embarraBBed, at a low, helplesa ^i\A mahä4) and V to menstruate,

•j~~ S
have a monthly period
ülj-*- hairän9 , f. iSJf hairä, pl. tfjV"
jÄj- ha%4 (n. un. **i^) and ^L»-
hayärd, huyärä confused, perplexed,
hiyö4 menstruation, monthly period
Btartled, diamayed, diBconcerted, baffled,

nonplused, bewüdered, appalled, taken ^'U hai4 (f>) *nd <^j'U- menatru-
aback, Btunned; embarrassed, at a loss, ating
at one'ß wit'a end; uncertain, helpless,
ü«-, iLL»-, ülL^, .UL»- see ]ßj*-
sheepish (smile, etc.), confused, in-

coherent (words, and the like)

(haif) to deal unjuatly
\Jt-»-) 'JiU- häja i

jj. tahayyur confusion, perplexity, ( l» with wrong, injure, härm (J*

s.o.),

bewüderment, dismay; embarrasament, s.o.); to restriot, Iimit, curtail, impair

s.th.), enoroaoh (J* upon) V to
helple (Jp
 ;

impair, injure, prejudice, violate (* or portunity, bide one's time X ^>^-t

j» s.th.), encroach, infringe (* or j* istahyana to wait for the right time
upon)
jU- hän bar; cabaret
.J»-»- haif wrong, injuBtice; härm,
üU- häna pl. -ät bar, wineshop, wine
damage, prejudice |
<As- Jt* what a
tavern; pub, tavern, taproom
pity! too bad! <o Jjl^- V (haifa) it

is not out of place, it is quite appro- ,>»- hain death, destruetion

priate ,>»- hin pl. üL»-l aAyÖn, joL-l ahäyin*

time; propitious time, good time, op-
2
1jL»- haifä Haifa (seaport in NW Israel)
portunity ; hina (prep.) at the time of ...,

(J-*-) jU- häqa i to Surround, beset from all at, upon; (conj.) at the time when, when;
sides (<_j s.o.) ; to fall, descend, come as soon as; U_j- hinan for some time;
{i_j upon s.o., punishment) , befall, over- once, one day; UL»-I ahyänan occasional-
take, grip, seize, overcome (<_j s.o.), ly, from time to time, sometimes j

happen, oeeur (<_j to) ; to penetrate, L-»-— ü-»- sometimes — sometimes, at

pierce (J the body; of a sword); to times — at times; joL-VI j at times,
affect, influence (j s.o., s.th.) IV to sometimes, once in a while; ^^m j
Burround, beset from all sides (<_• s.o.); (üli^V) üL^Vl ß ba'4i l-a. and ä^i
(J
to bring down (* <_• upon s.o. s.th.), cause üL»-Vl ba'da l-a. sometimes, occasionally,
s.th. (*) to descend (<_j upon s.o.) now and then, once in a while, from time
to time, at times; jL»-VI i_-UI j fi aglabi
J-»- haiq consequence, effect (of a
l-a, mostly, moßt of the time, in most
mißdeed redounding upon the evildoer)
cases; ,>»- Jl for some time; meanwhile,
iL*- II to weave for the time being; 4^> j then, at the
ÄS~L»- see i\y time, in his (its) time; in due time, at
the appointed time; jU-l li da l-hina
iL»- haik = tfUL- ; see i\j»~
now, right now; ^i-l
just jjij j» from
1
V, iL-, j^l, JL^, ^L^, that time on, from then on; j^i-l iJii Jl
^r etc., see J^-;
i see _ji*-
until that time, tili then; ^j- j (with
J-j-
foli. verb) whereas; jl Jkp. j and jl j*>- J*
2
JjL- häyil 2 Hail (town and oasis in N (hini) at the same time when ..., while;
Nejd) whereas, also without jl, j-j-
e.g.,
J*
r

(<>»-) ^^- häna i to draw near, approach, jj^Jr > ald hini hum yazumüna
whereas they, on the other hand, claim
come, arrive (time); to happen accidental-
ly |
cJjJI jU- the (right) time has come; üf- Jl j<»- j*,öyj j;»- jo, jy -W \~*-i

now j*~y 0i*" J- (H-äkara) and j>-Jj j*>- j*j

is the time; öl <l jU- the time has
(uw-äfcara) from time to time, now and
come for him to ...; jj*+ij ül .1 jL- LI
then, once in a while
{a-mä, an yafhamü) haven't they under-
stood yet . . .
J- cJU- (minni
? ; ÜLiiJI itL>- hina'idin at that time, then,
Itifäta) I happened to turn around ( Jl to), that day
it just happened that my eyes feil on iJI-L-*- hinadäka at that time, then,
(Jl) II to aet a time (» for s.o.) IV to that day
destroy, wipe out (• s.o.) V to watch,
IcL»- hinamä (conj.) while; when, as
wait (* for a time or an opportunity)
|

i-^-tll
ö^ (furpata) to wait for an op-
 224

•U- ka name of the letter r- i__»- kabab amble; trot

jjjU- kätün pl. feauwtf» 2 lady, socially <_-»^ kabb, kibb heaving, surging (of the
i>Jl>*-

prominent woman |
o^jUM »j*j zahrat sea), rough sea
al-k. little blue flower of the steppe {ayr.)
<~s- kabb imposbor, Bwindler

J.U-U- käkäm (= fL»-U-) rabbi

L». jcaba'a a and II to hide, conceal (* s.th.)

^r-^jU- fcäraßin and J~^jU- tarnen* (e^.)

T to hide, conceal o.a.; to be hidden, be
concealed VIII to hide, conceal o.s.; to
zinc
disappear; to be hidden, be ooneealed
öjj'*- käzüq pl. Jjjl>^- fcauxjzig 8 poat, stake,
»<_-»^ kab\ %ib' that which is hidden,
pole; dirty trick |
jjjU- i-A* that'e tough
a hidden thing
luck!
5ix-»- kabx'a pl. LL». kabäyä that which
üUU- Jcäqän pl. (>*'_**- J»uwgtn s overlord,
is hidden ; a hidden, Beeret thing ; a
ruler, sovereign, monarch, emperor
cache |
^jVl IjL*- k. l-ar$ that which

i5"U- feöfc» earth-colored, khaki is hidden in the earth; natural resources

Li. makba* pl. *jUc makdbi' 1 hiding

place; hide- out, refuge, haunt, retreat;

l»U- kam raw, unworked, unprocessed; un- cellar, shelter, air-raid shelter

tanned ; linen ; oalico ; (pl. -äi) raw

»L». kibä* pl. i^-l akbi'a, i-jil akbiya
material; inexperienced, green, untrain-
tent; huak, hüll (of grain)
ed, unsküled, artless, uncouth, booriah;
pl. oUU- raw materials | fU- i^L- raw «SjU- käbi'a, LjU käbiya pl. \j\j»-

leather; fU- -U^ raw fibers pU- ; C-j J (zoü) hawäbi**, vl>*- kawäbin large vesael,

crude oll; fU- ^£- (su&fear) raw sugar; cask, jar

a\X\ jl^U (mauw<W) the raw materials cXjfi mukabba'ät hidden, Beeret thinga
secrets
jU- £dn pl. -äi hostel, caravansary; inn,
*
pub, tavern |
J-U-'l üU-'l (kalili) district jj. muktabx hidden, ooneealed
t

of Cairo (center of art trade and market

CS- IV to be humble (Jl before God)
activity); «jJjj öU- Khan Yunis (town
in Gaza sector)
<i->- kabu$a u (leubt, oL^ kabäia) to be bad;

52 U- käna pl. -ät column (e.g., of a news- to be wicked, evil, malicious, vicious,

paper); Square (e.g., on a ohessboard) malignant VI to behave viciously, dis-

play malice; to feel awkward, feel em-

l^»- kabba u (kabb, (_-»- kabab, i_~^- kabib)
barrassed
to amble (animal); to trot (horse); to
i-*i- Jcubt badness, wickedness; ma-
jog, saunter (person); to sink (j in
sand); — u (kabb) to Bürge, heave, be
lignancy (e.g., of a disease) ; malice,
malevolence, viciouaness
rougb (sea) V and VIII to amble (animal)
to trot (horse) <i~*- kahai refuse, soum, dross, alag
 ; ;

i^- kabit pl. £^l kubvt, »iL*- kubatä'*, ülT j^- j jlT or ülT j^- j J^j (kabari
<1>L+ l akbät, iL*, kabata bad, evil, wicked häna) to belong to the paat, be passe, be
malicious, vicious, epiteful; noxioua, no longer existent
injurious, harmful; malignant (diaease);
•^*- kibra, j»- kubr experience; knowl-
offensive, repulsive, nauaeating, disgust-
edge
ing (odor)
j^-»- kabir experienoed, expert (<_»
i-jil akbat 2 worse; more wicked
in); familiär, conversant, well -acquainted

DLj^ kabäfa badness, wickednesB; mal- (i_j with), cognizant (<-j of); j*X\ the
ice, raalevolence, viciouaness, malignancy Knowing (one of the attributea of God)
(pl. *\j± kubarä**) expert, Bpecialiat |

^- kabara u (Jeubr, *s*- kibra) to try, test

l^J\^rii\ ju»- tax expert, tax adviser
(* a.th.); to experience (* a.th.); to bave
j_^U- käbür pl. jy\j*- kawäbir* peg;
tried, have experienced, know by ex-
pin; wedge
perience («a.th.); to get to know thor-
oughly, know weil {* s.th., • a.o.); — jjt mähbar Bense, intrinsic significanoe
kabura u to know thoroughly (i_i or * (pl. yUt makäbir 3 ) laboratory
a.th.), be fuiJy acquainted {<-j or * with
jLJe- mikbär pl. ^IJ£ makäbir9 test tube
a.th.) II to notify, advise, apprise, in-
(ehem.)
form, teil ( s.o., <-j of or about) III to
write (• to s.o.), address (• b.o.), turn, •j\jt mukäbara pl. -ät oorreapondence,

appeal to s.o.), oontact b.o.) in (esp. written) Information (in clasaified

(• (•

writing; to negotiate, treat, parley ads: <-* viJil pleaae write to..., please
{*

with a.o.) IV to notify, inform, apprise, contact ...), notice, notifioation, oom-
advise (l-j • s.o. of), let know, teil (<~j •
munication |
^J^LiJ \j\jf. telephone call,

b.o. about) ; to communicate, report, telephone conversation ; Vtj^ *jy£ (kä*

relate (<-j * to s.o. B.th.), teil (<-j • a.o.

rijiya) long-difltance call \j- lj\jf-
;

B.th.) V to inquire (* of s.o.), aak (» b.o.)

(airriya) secret communique; ol^lÜl 1*
TI to inform one another, notify one qalam al-m. intelligence bureau; !/LÜl

auother, keep one another informed; to Lj^™**- (hu4üriyan) apply in person (in

correspond, write eaeh other; to nego- ciasei fied ads)

tiate, treat, parley {« with a.o., j about) jL«^l ikbär notification, information,
VIII to explore {* s.th.), aearch (* into), com munication, note, message; report;
seek Information (* about); to test, indirect discourse, oratio obliqua (gram.)
examine {• b.o., * s.th.); to try, put to
i£jL^I ikbäri news-, information- (in
the test (• s.o., * s.th.); to have tried,
Compounds)
have experienced, know by experience
(a s.th.); to know well (* s.th.) X to j\£ takäbur negotiation; correspond-
inquire (je a of s.o. about), aak (je • s.o. ence
about)
jti^l iktibär pl. -ät exploration, study;
j\»- kabar pl. jL*U dkbär news; in- examination ; test ; test item (of an
formation, intelligence ; report, com- examination) ; trial, testing; (scientific)

municatton, message; notificationjruinor; investigation, research, experiment; ex-

Btory; matter, affair; (gram.) predicate perience, empirical knowledge; practical
of a nominal clause; pl. annala [
je JL experience |
~*tjj£-
oljL^-l (tahririya)

yL^I to inquire of s.o. about s.o. eise; written examination items; jli jtü-l
 226

(4äti) personal experience; jLj^^/I J-l- J» (* over); tobe lost, wander about, stray;
experimentally ; jLi*-^1 c-^ 011 probation, to grope about, fumble about; to atrug-
on trial; jLülM J***- experimental fields gle, resist; to clatter over the ground,
gallop (horse) VIII to bump (against) ; to
(jjL^-l ifcft&dri experimental; experi-
struggle, resist; to grope about, fumble
ential; empirical
about; to be lost, wander around, stray;
LjLi^-I iktibäriya empiricism to stir, bustle

jLi^-l igtikbär pl. -ö/ inquiry |

ij\* «U-jt- kabfa blow, stroke; rap, knock;
OJjLi»!-^! Information bureau noise, din, uproar

_^i mukbir pl. -ün reporter; detective ]*L>- Jcubäf insanity, madnesa, mental
disorder
jci muktabar pl. -ö< laboratory

J.^- Icabala u {kahl) to confound, confuse,

- habaza i (frabz) to bake {* bread) VIII do.
mess up, complioate {* s.th.); to hinder,
'jji~ hubz pl. jL>-l akbäz bread impede, handicap, stop, hold back (•

>*- kvbza loaf of bread

s.o.); to befuddle {• s.o.), confuse b.o.'b

(•) mind, rob (• s.o.) of bis senses, make

JL>- kabbäz pl. -an, «jL>- baker
{ s.o.) crazy; — kabila a (fcabal, JL^
jL*t fcubbäz, j^*. kubbaiz, ^jL»- £u&- Jsahäl) to get confused; to be or become
bäzä mallow (bot.) mentally disturbed, crazy, insane II to
confound, confuse (* s.th., s.o.) ; to
•jL>- fci&öza baker's trade, art of
oomplicate, entangle, mess up, muddle,
baking
throw into disorder (* s.th.); to rob of
>i makbaz, »>jt majebaza pl. _>Ljc
his senses, drive insane ( s.o.) VIII to
makäbiz 2 bakery become muddled, disordered (mind)

i*^ kabapa i (kabp) to mix, mingle, intermix J-*- hM, kabal confusion ; mental
(i_j * s.th. with) n to mix, mingle, inter- disorder, insanity
mix (* s.th.); to muddle, jumble, confuse jeabil mad, crazy, insane;
,3-*- feeble-
(a s.th.), make a meaa (* of) minded, dim-witted

^x *- Icabiß, i-«—» kabi#a medley,

(J-^-i akbat1 mad, crazy, insane; feeble-
mess, mishmash, hodgepodge; ^ jn, ^ a minded, dim-witted
jellylike sweet
JL^-I iJftibäl mental disorder
^L»- kabbäp one who causes confusion,
Jj-jt makbvX mad, crazy, idiotic,
who messes things up; an irresponsible,
imbecilic, mentally deranged, insane;
light-minded person
muddlehead, dolt, fool

* kabafa i (jcabf) to beat, strike (* s.th.,

Jjt mukabbal confused, baffled, per-
against s.th.); to knock, rap {* on, ^Ul plexed, dismayed; muddled, confused,
onthedoor); tostamp (^^1 theground; mixed up
of animala) j »I^JU ik*- J«Jc {kdbta
'a&wä'a) he acts haphazardly, he proceeds (jfi-) L»- kabä u (kabw, fcubüw) to go out, die
rashly or at random V to beat, strike, '(fire)

hit(• s.o.) to bring down, feil, knock out,

;
LL»- and »L»- pl. 1—^1 see L>-
throw to the ground (• s.o.); to bump,
hit (* against), eollide (* with), stumble oU pl. v]>*- Bee ^*-
 227

i$j\~*- kibyäri caviar seal, signet; stamp | g\jß /U- k. az-

zawäj wedding ring; jj-jdl fU- Je. an-
J+- kaiara i (jfair) to betray (• s.o.), act
nabiyin the Seal (i.e., the last) of the
perfidiously, disloyally (* toward s.o.);
Prophets = Mohammed
to deceive, cheat, dupe (• s.o.)

JU- katr disloyalty, breach of confi-

fUU kätäm pl. *p]y- katvätim1 seal
ring, signet ring; ring
dence, perfidy, treaoheiy, betrayal, de-
ception ^U*i- kitäm sealing wax; end, close,
conclusion, termination *U£I j at the
jb^- kattär traitor, disloyal person, |

end, at last, finaUy, eventually

cheat, awindler

j-"U- kätir treacherous, perfidious, dis- jlü kiiämi final, conoluding j <JS*

loyal «-*bj^ (kalima) oonoluding speeoh

»b^-l iktitäm end, close, conclusion,

Ji*- katala i u (katl, öi&- katalän) to dupe,
termination
gull, cheat, double-croes, deceive (• s.o.)

III to deceive, oheat, dupe (* s.o.); to <c U- kätima pl. kaioätim*, w|^>-
f\j*-
behave hypooritically VIII =I kavxUlm 2 end, olose, conclusion, termina-
tion; epilogue (of a book); *z\y>- final
J=*t kaÜ and Üjljt mukätala deception,
s tage
trickery, double-dealing, duplicity, dup-
ing, gulling Jjt mukattam ringed, adomed with
Jjljt mukätÜ deceitful, crafty, wily, a ring or rings (hand)

foxy Jjjt muktatam end, close, conclusion,

Jji- katama i (katm, *b*- kitäm) to seal, termination

provide with a seal or Bignet (* s.th.); to I

jü^ katana
(
i (katn) to circumciae (• a boy)
stamp, impresB with a stamp (a s.th.);
VIII pass.
to seal off, olose, make impervious or
^>- katn circumcision
inaccessible (* B.th.; also J* the hearte,
said of God); to put one's seal (* on), lf*- katan pl. üli^l afcJän son-in-law;
conclude, terminate (* s.th.); to wind bridegroom
up, finisb, complete (* s.th.); to close,
ob*- kitän, 4Jli»> kitäna circumcision
heal, cicatrize (wound) T to put on or
wear a ring (i_j) |
i_-*JJIj Ji (dahab) to "üjJU- look up alphabetically
wear a golden ring Till to oonclude,
finish, terminate, wind up j*t- kaiara u and katira a to become solid,
(* s.th.)
become thick, solidify, thicken; to be or
I*- katm sealing; — (pl. *U»-I aktäm,
become viscous, sirupy; to clot, coagulate
ry*- kutüm) seal, eignet, seal imprint;
(liquid); to curdle (milk) II and IV to
stamp, stamp imprint; also = L*i>- (see
thicken, inspissate, condense, coagulate
below) JjjJl Irf- postmark, (postal)
|

(* liquid); to curdle (* milk) V = I

canceüation stamp; 2X-\ »r* Sam' al-k.

sealing wax O «jo^ katra thrombosis (med.)

<^J- katma pl. katamät recital of the jU*. Jeulär dregs (of a liquid); soum
entire Koran, esp. on festive occasions of the earth, riffraff, mob
<rU. kätam, kätim pl. jyt kawätim 2 •jli». kutära dregs (of a liquid); Sed-
f
seal ring, eignet ring; ring, finger ring; iment, lees
 ;

Ju£ to&ojgur coagulation | O ^1 j z* 1 »jjt mikadda pl. jljt makädd* cushion,

[mukk) cerebral thrombosis pillow; seat oushion

j-V jdftr thiokened, inspissated, Con- £4*. kadij premature child

densed; viseous, ropy, sirupy; curdled,
r-liji $üid; abortion, miscarriage
eoagulated, clotted; yoghurt, curd

Jut mukaßar thiokened, mspiseated, jOj^ kadira a (jcadar) to be numb, prickle,

Condensed; visoous, ropy, sirupy; curdled, tingle (leg, arm); to be or beoome limp,
eoagulated, olotted benumbed, paralyzed; — kadara u to
confine to women's quarters, keep in
Jjt kajüa a föajal) to become embatrassed
seclusion (U a girl) II to numb, benumb,
to be ashamed (,y of s.th. or to face s.o.),
stupefy {* b.o., * s.th.); to anesthetize,
be abashed (,j- by s.th.), feel embarrassed
narcotize, put to sleep {• s.o., * s.th.;
(,y about s.th. or in front of s.o.) II and
med.); to confine to women's quarters,
IT to shame (* s.o.) ; to embarrass, abash,
keep in seclusion (U a girl) IV to make
put to shame (• s.o.)
torpid, stupefy, benumb, deprive of
Jjc fcajal shame (<> at); bashfulness, Sensation, narcotize (• b.o., m B.th.) V to
diffidenoe, timidity, shyneas; abashment; be numbed, be stunned, be stupefied,
disgraee, shame, ignominy |
J»JÄ U be deprived of Sensation; to coiiie to
(la-l-k.) O disgraoe! the shame of it! rest, calm down

Jje kajü abashed, embarrassed; bash- j^- kidr pl. jjJ*- fendür, jl.U-1 akdär,

ful, diffident, shy, timid; overgrown j$[*-\ akädir* ourtain, drape; women's
with luxuriant, profuse Vegetation; long quarters of a tent; boudoir, private
and flowing (garment) room (of a lady)

Jj^ kafül abashed, ashamed, shame- j-U- kadar and »jA»- kudra numbness,
faced ; shy, bashful, diffident, timid insensibility (esp. of a limb gone to

ashamed, sleep); daze, torpor, Stupor

o^JP kajlän* abashed,
shamefaced; shy, bashful, diffident, tim- j-U- kadir numb (limb); benumbed,
id; bewildered with shame, embarrassed torpid, dazed

Jj«jt makjül ashamed, shamefaced jj*£ takdir anesthetization, narootiza-

tion
Jj^Jt mukjü arousing Bhame, shame-
ful; shoeking, disgraceful, ignominious | jjU- kädir limp, languid; benumbed,
r
*UÜI »Li* VI (a dä') the pudenda torpid, dazed; hidden in bis den, lurk-
ing (lion)
-U- kadda u to furrow, plow (* the ground)
V to be furrowed; to become wrinkled yiU- kädira chrysalis (of a Caterpillar;

(skin) lool.)

-W- kadd pl. ij±*- kudüd cheek; lateral jJut mukaddir anesthetic, painkiUing,
portion, side | a-W- j*-+ §a"ara kaddahü tranquilizing; (pl. -ät) an anesthetic; a
to put on a contemptuous mien narcotic, drug, dope

OA kadd and «-U- kudda pl. ja*- hudad jAJt mukaddar numb, torpid, in-

furrow, ridge, groove, rut sensible; (eg.) tipsy, fuddled, drunk

*jd+\ ukdüd pl. JjjU-I akädid 2 furrow, •joie. mukaddara girl kept in seclusion

ridge, groove, rut; trench, exoavation from the outaide world

 ;;

229 P-* (

^.u- kadasa i (kadä) to Scratch (* s.th.); to j-J-us- kidä' deception, doceit, swindle,
maul, lacerate, tear to pieces (* B.th.); imposture, betrayal, treachery, perfidy,
to violate (* the rules of decenoy, s.o. 's trickery, duplicity
honor, and the like); to disturb (* the
peace); to ruin, sully, run down (o»r*
^ \JJ- kidä'i deceitful, fraudulent
deceptive, delusive, fallacious
sum'atahü s.o.'b reputation) II to Scratch
(* B.th.); to maul, lacerate, tear to £\sli mukädi' swindler, impostor, cheat,
pieces (* s.th.); to violate (* the rules sharper, crook
of decency, s.o.'b honor, etc.); to ruin,
Bully, run down (o»r* sum'atahü s.o.'s Ja*- kadila o to fltifien, become rigid; to
reputation) become numb, torpid, limp

,ji.u- AxnWpl.^j-u. kudüS, j\j±\ akdäS

l»o*- kadama i w (i*.us kidma) to serve, be at
Scratch, Scratch mark; graze, abrasion
service, do Service to have a job to work
; ;

to wait (»ons.o.); to serve (• s.o., *s.th.);

£0»- kada'a o to cbeat (»s.o., je. out of s.th.);
to render a Service (• to s.o., * to s.th.),
to deceive, mislead, dupe, gull (• s.o.);
stand up {. for s.o.) LriJ ^\ aJJ- to tili or
pass. kudi'a to be mistaken, be wrong |

(je. about); to fail to see clearly (je. with

cultivate the soil; !^T ^L-us- **a*- (jfcü

regard damätin katiratan) he rendered him many

to), get the wrong impression
(je- of s.th.) HI to cheat, dupe, deceive,
Services;

be at s.o.'s
j^i ^tfj
beck and
^ call;
(rikäba)

J-L**
to
>o*-
take in (• s.o.); to try to deceive or
ö'Ä» (ma$äliha) to serve s.o.'s interests;
double-crosB (• s.o.) VII to let o.a. be
^-loiJI (quddäsa) to celebrate Mass
deceived, be deceived, deluded, misled fj+
(lj by); to
(Chr.) II to employ, hire (• s.o.), en-
be mistaken, be wrong
gage the Services (» of s.o.); to give
i*-U- kud'a pl. £j*~ kuda, -ät de- work to
(» s.o.), provide work (« for)
ception, cheating, s windle X to employ, hire, take on (• s.o., J for
«..u- kuda'a impostor, swindler, cheat, s.th.), engage the Services (J • of s.o. for

Bharper s.th.); to put in Operation, operate (*

e.g., a public Utility); to employ, uae
4*0^-1 <£j* sawwä akda'ahü to crush
(* s.th., J for), make use, avail o.s. (*
s.o.'s pride, humble s.o. of s.th., J for a purpose)
*mX+ kadl'a pl. *lla»- kadä'i' 3 de-
(••**!- kadam servants, attendants
ception, deceit, betrayal, treachery, per-
fidy, trickery, imposture öjji- kidma pl. f-U- kidam, -ät a service
(rendered); attendance, service; Opera-
J-J.U-
kaddä' impostor, swindler, sharper,
tion ; office, employment, occupation,
cheat, crook; deceptive, deluaive
job; work |
.^i i„u j in the service of
f-Oj^ kaida fata morgana, mirage s.th. ; £1*1+ j at your service ; UJiJJ öo»-
(kidmatan) in the interest of truth, for
^jjUI akädi'* swindles, underhand
thesakeoftruth; <j j£_JI i-uU ('aakariya)
dealings, crooked practices; phantoms,
phantasms, delusions
military service; ijjL^I i-u^l (ijbäriyä)
conscription, compulsory service; i*ij.'l
^.bfi mikda', mukda', makda' pl. fjljft (sirriya) secret
*ijJ>\ service (pol.);
majcädi' 2 small room, Chamber, cabinet; ^l-UJl i—u- k. al-quddäa celebration of
bed Chamber Mass (Chr.)
 ;

230

ß\j*. kaddäm pl. • manservant, servant, jiji*- kidiw, tjjiU- kudaiwi khedive

attendant; woman servant, female do-

kidiwi khedivial
ifj»,!*-
mestic servant, maid
liii- X to submit, subject o.a.
a*\a*- kadäma attendance, Service;

employment, occupation, office, Job t^-ÄV-- mxutakd? submisaive, servile,

aubservient, obedient
i«1i»- kaddäma pl. -ät woman servant,

female domestic servant, maid Jijji»- ku4rüf pl. _iujl^ kadärif* (apinning)

rajtf takdxm work, occupation or duty top

of an employment agent U-iJf- mukaddim jjjit hudrüfi turbinate, toplike
see below) | f
-Udl ^Si* maktab at-t. labor

office, employment bureau JiJU kadafa i (ka4f) to hurl away (», o»

a.th.)
*l.ü»i-l istikdäm (putting into) Oper-

ation; use, utilization; employment, hir- *iJJ£ mikdafa süng, ßlingshot, catapult
ing (of an employee); Service, occupation,
Ja»- £o£afc» u (£a& uV^ £#Wn) to leave,
position, job
abandon, forsake, deBert, leave in the
pjU. kädim pl. fl-u- kuddäm, i-i^ lurch (• or je s.o.); to Btay behind; to
kadama domestic servant, help ; man- disappoint; pass. kudiia to fail, suffer a
servant ; woman servant ; em ployee setback, meet with diaappointment in to
attendant; waiter; deacon {Chr.) leave, abandon, forsake, desert, leave

ioU- kädima woman servant; female in the lurch (• s.o.) VI to let up, flag,

domestic servant, maid ; woman at- grow alack, languish, wane, decrease,

tendant fade, grow feeble VII to be left in the

lurch; to be helpleaa; to be defeated; to

V^ kädimlya status of a servant
meet with dis&ppointment
»jjje. makdüm pl. -ün, <jljt makä*
üVi>- kidiän diaappointment
dim 2 master, employer
JiLic takädul fatigue, languor, weak-
iyAit makdüma mistress, lady (of
nesa, feebleneaa; relaxation, lesaening of
the house), woman employer
teosion; disagreement, disaent, disunion
i-y-lit makdümlya Status of the
JUiel inkidäl forsakennesa, deaerted-
master or employer
nesa, abandonment; defeat
fjje- mukaddim pl. -ün employment
JiU*i* mutakädü languid, weak, ex-
agent
hausted, apent, effete
*jic—. mustakdim pl. -ün employer; —
mustakdam (colloq. mustakdim) pl. -ün ji^- X to Bubmit, subject o.a.

employee, official »loii-l istikdä* aubservience, aubmis-

siveneas, servility
oi»- III to befriend (. s.o.), make friends (.

with s.o.); to associate aocially (» with) iiV,-. mustakdin submissive, Bervile,

aubservient, obedient
ü-u- kidn pl. jIa*-I akdan (intimate)
friend, companion, confidant ji~ karra iu(j ji- karxr) to murmur, bubble,
com- gurgle, purl (of running water); to
•jj*. kadin (intimate) friend,

panion, confidant ripple, trickle; to snore; — (karr, jjj*-

 ES-

kurür) to fall, fall down, drop; to sink to *i\^ karäba pl. -ät, ^l^*- karä'ib 2 dis-
the ground, prostrate o.ß. |
^-ylM J* ji- integrating structure, ruin, ruins
to fall to the ground; 4jJj j-.j ji- (baina
ü\jj*-karbän,kirbän destroyed, wrecked,
yadathi) he prostrated himself before
demolished, devastated, waste; ruined,
him; *-.i» £*£ j*- (tahta qadamaihi) he
broken, out of order
feil at his feet
t_*j_^£ takrib pl. -ät devastation, de-
jj*- karir purl, murmur, ripple (of
struction, wrecking, demolition; Sabotage
water)
iSiJ*- J^ 'amal takrlbl act of Sabotage
*,jj»- kari'a a (*ji- fair*) to evacuate the
yjU kärib annihilator, destroyer
bowela, defecate
<~>jk. mukarrib pl. ~ün annihilator,
kur* and karä' excrement,
destroyer; Saboteur

<_^ji mukrib annihilator, destroyer

jUI^- kuräsän* Khurasan (province in
a
NE Iran) VJj*" karrüb (coli.; n. un. ») carob, locust;
carob bean, locust pod, St.-John's-bread
, <-» >-
karaba i (karb) to destroy, wreck,
/
~*iJj*- karruba pl. -ät kharouba, a dry
demolish, shatter, devastate, lay waste
measure (Eg.; = l
/n £** = .1291)
(* e.th.); — kariba a (<-»[^- karäb) to
be or become destroyed, ruined, waste, ^ij>- karbaSa to Scratch ; to scrawl, scribble

go to ruin, fall apart, disintegrate II to karbüS pl. jiü!^ karäbiS* ißyr.)

,j*j*j»-
devastate, lay waste, destroy, wreck,
tent
demolish, ruin, lay in ruins (* B.th.)

IV = II; V to be or become destroyed,

O oLijyt mukarba&ät graffiti

ruined, waste, go to ruin, fall apart, dis- Uij»- karbafa to throw into disorder, dis-
integrate arrange, confuse (* a.th.)

<~>j*- karb destruction, devastation

,jij*- karbaqa to perforate, riddle (* s.th.);

<-»_/ kurb hole; eye of a needls; anus to spoil, mar {* s.th.)

<_^- karib destroyed, demolished, Jij*- karbaq hellebore (bot.)

wrecked, devastated, waste; dilapidated, &>j*- karata u (kart) to pierce, bore, perforate
tumble-down, ramshackle; broken, ruin- (m s.th.), make a hole (* in)
ed, out of order
£jf- kurt, kart pl. Cj|^>-I akrät, £->jj*-
<>j»- kirba pl. v>- b.i r °b t8
** 6 *>f) kurüt hole; bore, drill hole; ring, eye,
ruins; ruin, disintegrating structure eyelet

<ij*- karba, kurba irreligion, lawless- C^ijf- kirrit experienced, practiced,

ness skilled; guide

iij*- kurba pl. <~>j>- kurab hole; eye £-üj>- kartU rhinoceros
of a needle ; anus
rj»- karaja u (rjjf- kurüj) to go out, walk
~<ij*- kariba (site of ) ruins
out; to come out (^ of), emerge (^
i_*!j»- karäb ruin, ruination; state of from); to drive or ride out, go out (in a
destruction or dilapidation ; desolation; vehicle) ; to flow out, exude, efFuse ; to go

(pl. <ij*-\ akriba) (site of) ruins away, depart, leave, retire; to protrude,
 232
c^
project, stick out; to leave (j+ s.th.); (* s.th.); to expel, evict, exile, expatriate

to dismount, alight, diaembark (j* (• s.o., j* from a country); to dismiss,

from), get out, step out (ja of); to fire, remove (• s.o., j* from an office);

emanate, issue, arise, originate, result *hj J* **v*"' (tarwatthi) to rob s.o. of
{j* from) ; to draw away, segregate, his property, dispossess, expropriate s.o.;
separate, secede, dissent (je from), dis- to give off, sound, emit (* B.th., e.g.,

agree (je- with); to deviate, depart (je a tone; said of a musical Instrument);
from an arrangement, from a prin- to set forth, state, express, utter, voiee
ciple); to be an exception (je- to); to be (* an opinion); to break (Uj rihan
outaide a given subjeet (je-), go beyond a wind); to educate, bring up (• s.o.); to
topio (je-), exceed (je- a topic); to be train (» s.o.); to stage, produce {* a play;
alien {je- to), be extraneous (je- from), theat.); to bring out, make, shoot (iijjj

not to belong (je- to), be not included riwäyatan a film, said of a director); to
(je. in), have nothing to do with (je-); except, exelude (* s.th., je- from); to
je- rjjt V it is limited to . . ., it iß nothing pull out, extract (* s.th.); to select (*
but...; to go forth (into battle); to s.th.) V to be educated; to be trained (j
attack (J* s.o., s.th.), rise, fight
(J* in a school, College, also j+; j in a field);
against); to rebel, revolt
(J* against); to to graduate (j from a school, from a
violate, break, infringe
(Jp a rule, a College, also j*) VI to part Company,
regulation) ; t_> <lc r- j*- to come up separate ; to disengage, disassociate,
to s.o. with ..., confront s.o. with ...; to withdraw from one another ; to oede,
get out, bring out, take out (^ s.o.); to assign, transfer,make over (J j* s.th. to
turn out, oust, dislodge (<_* s.o.); to lead s.o.) X to get out, move out, remove (*

away, dissuade (je- <-> s.o. from); to s.th., Jm from); to take out, draw (*

find out, discover (<_* s.th.) |

ü-'l je- rj»- s.th., j* from); to pull out, extract

(haff) to be derailed, run off the track (* s.th., j* from); to mine, extract,

(train) II to move out, take out, dislodge recover (* mineral resources); to win,

(• s.o., * s.th.); to tum out, oust, expel, gain, make (* a produet, j* from); to

eviot, drive out (• s.o., * s.th.) ; to remove, copy, excerpt (* s.th., j* from a book or
eliminate s.o., * s.th.); to exelude,
dooument); to derive, draw, deduce,
(•
figure out, compute (j* * s.th. from); to
except {* s.th.); to train (* s.o., j in a
elicit (* s.th., e.g., astonishment, j* from
skill, and the like); to educate, bring up
s.o.); to find out, discover {* s.th.)
(• s.o.); to distill (* s.th.); to pull out,

extract {* s.tb.); to gather, deduce, infer rj>- h&TJ expenditure, outlay, ex-
(* s.th.); to explam, Interpret, expound, pense(s), costsjland tax; s.th.appropriate

elueidate (* s.th.) IV to move out, take or suitable, that which is s.o. 's due,
out, get out, bring out, dislodge {• s.o., which s.o. deserves, which s.o. needs;
* s.th.); to unload (* s.th.), diaembark, (eg.) ration (food); {pl. oU,/ kurüjät)

detrain, etc. {a s.o., e.g., troops); to trimming; edge, edging, piping; pl. lace;

turn out, oust {* s.o.); to emit, send out

trimmings |
il*^*- II* that's what you
waves); to stick need, what you deserve; *•
(* s.th., e.g., electric EV-
out (* e.g., the tongue); to fish out (*
al-mafoiaqa one who deserves to be
hanged
s.th. from tbe pocket); to bring out into
the open, make public (* s.th.) ; to rj>- hurj pl. *tj>- kiraja saddlebag,
remove, extract (* s.th.); to eliminate portmanteau
 .;

233
E^
i~j*- karja pl. karajät exit, departure; to have the. direction .(motion pictures,
Protrusion, protuberance, projection, sa- theater) ; ... r[^- 1 j- directed by . .

lient part; (eg.) funeral (motion picture)

r[f~ karäj tax; kharaj, land tax (Ist. r-Ji1 takarruj graduation (from a
Law) school or College)

yr\j*- Ä»räj* of or pertaining to land r- j LJc tajcäruj Separation , disassocia-

tax; of or pertaining to the taxed and tion, disengagement, (mutual) with-
cultivable area drawal

r\j>- kuräj (coli.; n. un. •, pl. -äl) skin

r\j^jL*\ isiikräj taking out, moving out,
eruption; tumor, abscesa
pulling out, removal; withdra wing ; ex-

rjj*- kurüjexit; egression, emergence; traction, derivation, gaining (of in-

departure; exodus; emigration; raid, dustrial products, etc.), mining, re-

foray, sortie (J* against), attack, as- covery (of mineral resources); prepara-
aault (J* on)
.U-'l [ ^ TL J-?~ ^°#) tion of an extract; excerpting, copying;
derailment (of a train) deduction, inference; Solution (of a
prob lern)
£.j*- kirrlj pl. -ün graduate (of a
school, College, or uni versity) | &£-J^ jjj* I
rjU- kärij outer, outBide, outward,
<->j*}\ mu'tamar al-k. al-'arab Congress of exterior; external, foreign; outside, ex-
Arab Graduates (a supra-national Or- terior (n.); foreign country or countries;

ganization of uni versity graduates ad- quotient (arith.); kärija (prep.) outside,

vocating a unified Arab world) out of; U-jU- kärijan outside |

je U-jU-
outside of, apart from; rjU-' ti abroad,
rjf- Tnakraj pl. rj^ makärij* (place
in foreign countries; outside; rj^-l J'
of) exit; way out (of a difficult Situation),
abroad, to foreign countries; to the out-
outlet, escape, loophole, stuft, dodge,
side, outward, out
excuse; articulation (of a sound); O eath-
ode (el.) |
lJjjJ-I rA* ^ phonetics <j--jU-M £1 Khärga (town in central

£j£ takrxj education, training (in

Egypt, in Khärga oasis)

schools, Colleges); raising, upbringing, j-jU- käriji outer, out- (in Compounds),
rearing (of children); extraction; deriva- outside, outward, exterior, external
tion, deduction; Interpretation, exegesis foreign; nonresident «^jU- «.iL*
r
%yäda)
] (

ikräj taking out, moving out, policlinic; L>-jU-'l «j\jj ministry of

r^j*-^

removal; unloading, disembarkment, de- foreign (external) affairs, foreign min-

trainment ; emission ; moving, carting istry; (tTJ^ -^*^ (tilmid) a student

evacuation; publica- not living at a boarding school, a day

away, hauling off;

tion , publicizing, bringing before the student

public; extraction, removal; elimination; rrj\y- kawärij2 the Khawarij, Kha-

dismissal, removal (from an office); oust- rijitea (the oldest religiouB sect of Islam);
ing, expulsion, eviction, expatriation, dissenters, dissidents, backsliders, rebele
banishment (from a country); excretion
rj*- mukrij pl. -ün (screen or stage)
(biol.); finding out, discovery, figuring
director
out; training, formation, education;
directum, productton, Btaging (motion rj£ mukraj excerpt, extract (from
pictures, theater) | r|/-Vl JjJ (tatoaüä) a book); oU^Jt exeretions (biol.)
 234
E^
rj*«s- mutakarrij pl. -ün graduate ij+j*'
karasa u (fcoi?) to guess, estimate (*

( j or ,> of a school or oollege) s.th.); to conjecture, surmise (* B.th.),

form conjeotures {* about); to teil an
r_f*i—* mustakraj pl. -ät eztraot;
untruth, a falsehood, to lie V to fabricate
excorpt (,> from), partial oopy (,> of)
lies ( Jp againat s.o.) ; to raise false

ji-ji- ka.rka.ra to snore accusations (J* against s.o.)

tobe a virgin, be untouched, ij+jt- JctTf, kurs pl. üL*^- kirfän,

1
^/- karida a
kuraän earring
innooent, chaste

karida pl. -ill^- karä'id1 , ^*- ^[f- karräs pl. -ün liar, alanderer,
i*ij*-

kurud virgin; unbored pearl calumniator

'•i/- kurda scrap metal, sorap iron; pl. ]»,*- karafa u i (karf) to pull off, strip (*

olj^*- fcur<fau>dt notionfi, smallwarefl; leavea from a tree); to turn, lathe, shape

small goods, Bmalls, miscellaneoua Bmall with a lathe (* wood, metal); to exag-
articles; (eg. also) novelties, fanoy goods gerate, boast, brag, lie; —u (eg.) to cut

for ladiea into small pieces; to mince, chop, dice

(* meat, carrots, etc.) II (eg.) to cut into

j*-^- tcurdaji doaler in miscellaneoua
small pieces, mince, chop (* s.th.) VII to
smallwarea
be turned, be lathed, be shaped with a
3*j*- kurdaq, kurduq small shot, buckshot lathe; to join, enter (j, ilL* j /* ailk

an Organization, a Community), af-

Jj/- kardal (coli.; n. un. •) mußtard eeeds; with an Organization,
filiate (J, <iiL j
mustard a Community); to penetrate (j s.th. or

into); to plunge headlong (j into),

jjt- karaza \ u to pierce, bore (* s.th.)
embark rashly (j upon); to labor, slave,
jji- karaz (coli.; n. un. '*) pearla
toil | »&J1 j \,j£-\ (buka) to break into
jjjt mikraz pl. JjLit makäriz* awl; tears

punch up
]ßjS- kar% pulling-off (of leaves);

Jlyt mikraz awl; punch itüll i»/- iüii see üji; turning, turnery

1
fcarwa a (fcaras) to be dumb, mute; to ^\jt- karrät pl. -ün turner, lather;
u -J rf-

become silent, keep silent, hold one's braggart, bluffer, storyteller

tongue IV to silence, reduce to silence,

&\r~ kiräfa tumor's trade, turnery,
gag (. s.o.)
art of turning
^^i karaa dumbness, muteness
'^[^ karräfa skirt (st/r.)

^y-1 afcrtw8 , f. »U^t karsä' 1 , pl. ^j*-

iL*j*- karlta pl. J^J^- karä'if 3 , J*/-
kurs, jU^- kuraän dumb, mute
kurut map, chart
jU/- fairaön 1
dumb, mute
Sl^jt miJcrafa, makrata pl. i»jljt ma*
jU/- fcartwän, ÜU^- karasäna concrete kärit* lathe
(beton) | O **»!— üL-y- (mtwaUoAa)
liyU- kärifa pl. -ät map, chart
armored (or reinforced) concrete
iyjjc mahnt cone (maih.); conic
i- kurHf (coli.; n. un. I) pl. i-ir*^
karäSif artichoke ijyt mahrityi conic
 23S
^V
ij^j*- karfüS, <i£j*- karfü&i pl. (ji^Ulyt jl^- kuräfi fabulous, fictitious, leg-

kardfU* cartridge; lead (of a penoil); endary

cartouche (arch.); daybook
ii^jt makrafa prattle, drivel, twaddle, J
boah
™
Jli^- karfäl oats

kurfüm £ar<tyfma probosois, L-Aij£ takrif folly , delusion ; foolish

(j^j*- pl. ^[/-
trunk (of the elephant) ; hose talk, drivel, twaddle, boah, bunoombe

f.A^"'
al-karpüm Khartoum {oapital of •Jj>J£ mukarrif childish, foolish ; (pl.

the Sudanese Republic) -ün) prattler, chatterbox, windbag; char-

latan
|
ir.\*\j*- karäjin,' a kind of earthworm

J_Ulyi fcarä$»n* wormlike, vermiform ij^j*-

JcarfaSa to shuffle, mix (* s.th.)

<£jij*- karfüSa pl. J^]j*- karäfiS* card

1*^^*- karplf rhinoceros
of low value, discard (in card playing) <

9j»- karu'a u (fcur\ i*[^- karä'a) and kari'a

a (kara') to droop, be or become slack, 3j*- karaqa i u {karq) to tear, rend, tear I

limp, flabby; to be or become languid, apart (* s.th.); to make a hole (* in); to

soft, spinelesa, yielding VII do. Till to perforate, pierce, bore (* s.th.) ; to

invent, devise, contrive (* s.th.) ; to penetrate (* s.th.), break, pass (* through

create, originate (* s.th.) s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (* s.th.,

a oountry); to violate, impair, infringe

9/- kari* and *tmJJ- kari' soft, languid,
(* s.th.), encroach {* upon); to break |

yielding, spinelesa, devoid of energy,

(* a vow, and the like), commit a breach
nerveless
of (*); to exceed the ordinary, be un-
9jj>- kirwa' castor-oil plant, palma usual, extraordinary, unprecedented, un-
j
Christi (Ricinus communis; bot.)
heard-of ä^UII Jyi to go beyond what
|

f-lj^-l iJctirä' pl. -ät invention is ordinary or customary IV to lurk, lie

in wait V and VII to be torn, be rent, be

f- juft muktari' pl. -ün inventor
pierced, be broken VIII to pierce (* I
?}£ muktara' pl. -ö( invention s.th.) ; to cut, break, pass (* through s.th.),
penetrate (* s.th.); to traverse, cross,
Jiy- karifa a (karaf) to dote, be senile and
transit (* s.th.), travel through s.th. (*);
feeble-minded; to drivel, talk foolishly
to exceed {* e.g., a limit), go beyond
uyi karaf feeble-mindedness, dotage, s.th. (*) | 4<uL< Jj^*-I (masämi'ahü) to <

aenility; childishness (of an old man) shrill in s.o.'s ears

Ji^- kari} and <3l*/- karfän feeble-

3j*- karq tearing, rending, laceration;
minded, doting; childish; dotard
piercing, boring, Perforation ; penetration

•Juj*- karlf autumn, fall disruption; breakthrough ; tra Version,

crossing, transit; violation, breach; (pl.
jlj*- karifi autumnal
3jj+- kurüq) hole, aperture, opening |

Jtjj*- karüf pl. jl^- kiräf, ii^-l

(•Uil ,y$\ 3jii- Je. al-amn al-'ämm violation
akrifa, oli^ kirfän young sheep, lamb,
of public security; ÜjliUii 3j*- offense
yearling; wether
againat common usage, violation of
<it^*i kuräfa pl. -öf superstition; fable, mores; J* Jj^l «—Jl
«51^1 (ittasa'a) the
fairy tale rent is beyond repair
Jj-

3j»- kurq and «^ kurqa awkwardness, *j»-\ akram 1 having a perforated nasal
olumsineBs; Btupidity |
Jij\ j J/- (ra'y) septum
^tupidity; folly, madneas; j Ji^J-'l
J* fjt takrim pieroing, boring, drilling;
... ü! J\j\ it would be very unwise
Perforation; punching; lacemaking, lace-
to ...
work
ij/- £trg» pl. Jyt ttrof tatter, shred;
itjfi takrima lace, lacework, open-
rag; Bcrap (of paper); polishing oloth;
work, filigree
eraser (cloth)
fl^l inkiräm etate of unsettlement,
JyM akraq*, f. .1*/- JcarqcT*, pl. J/- disturbance, disOrganization, derange-
£wrj clumsy, awkward; stupid; irregulär;
ment |
üj l^xll j plyfi'l (tawäzun) disturb-
illegal, illieit, unlawful
ance of equilibrium
Ö^fc makraqa trickery, sleight of hand,
Ajjif- makrüm defective, incomplete
legerdemain, hoous-pocus, swindle (e.g., a manuscript)
Jjljt makdriq* a kind of pastry (tun.) mukarram perforated; done in
l»ye.

Jlj^-I iktiräq penetration; pieroing,

openwork, in filigree

disruption; tra Version, orossing, transit ülyi kwrmä&a pl. -ät (ir.) harrow
JjU- £är»g and {#jUI or) oUl JjU-
*~>jj»~ kurnüb oarob, looust; carob bean,
exceeding the customary, unusual, extra-
locust pod, St.-John's-bread
ordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of;
pl. 3j\j+ kawärvf preternatural phe- Jjj*- kirnig pl. jj[f- karäniq* young hare,
nomena, miracles; that whioh transoends leveret

the oonceivable or the rational | JjU-

t_Jj*~
**rwo' castor-oil plant, palma Christi
4M.UI supernatural ; Cj UjLJ.1 3j \j*- k.
(Ricinus communis; 60*.)
al-mufädafät miraoulouB ooincidences
x
y- kazxa u to pierce, transflx (* s.o.); to
3 fit- muktaraq passage, passageway
stab {• s.o., t-> with) Till to pierce,

fyZ- karama i (karm) and II to pierce (* transfix (• s.o., *-> with)

s.th.), make a hole or holes {* in); to

*y- kazz pl. jjj*- kuzüz silk, BÜk fabrio
perforate (* s.th.) Tu to be pieroed, be
riddled, be tom; to be deranged, un- l
j^- kazara u to look askance (• at s.o.), give
settled, disorganized; to come to an b.o. () a sidelong glance
end, run out, peter out, get lost VIII to
destroy, annihilate (• s.o.); to carry ^tjJ-' I j* bahr al-kazar the Caspian Sea

off, carry away (• s.o., of death); to

kaizurän pl. jjL*- kayäzir* cane, reed;
j\)j*»-
break (u>ji~JI the ranke), pass through
rattan; bamboo
s.th. (*)
*j\)lr*- kaizuräna cane, atiok
-»y- karm pl. *jj- kvrüm gap, blank
(e.g., in a manuscript, or the like) £j*~ kaza'a a {kaz*) to cut, sever (* s.th.)

*S~ kvrm hole | ij^\ *j- k. al-ibra J-*)*-

kuia'bal idle talk, bosh
eye of the needle
Üjy*- kuza'bala pl. -ät idle talk, boBh;
**[,+ karräma drill, bit, auger, gimlet; joke, jest, hoax; fib, yam; cock and bull

punch, perforator story

 ; ;;

237
<*r

J>j*- kazaf pottery, earthenware; poroelain, (* s.th.); to put in safekeeping, keep (*

china; ceramics s.th.)

Sy- kazaf % (made of ) porcelain öy- Jcaxn storing; accumulation,

porcelaneous, porcelain, china (adj.) hoarding, amasaing ; storage, warehousing

J» Ij». kazzäf dealer in chinaware ~*iy- kazna treasure houae ; safe,

potter coffer, vault ; wardrobe, looker ; cup-

board
Äi|j>- fcizäfa potter's trade, pottery
Ülj»- kizäna pl. -ät, £\y- kax&in*
1
3j*- kazaqa t to pierce, stab, transfix (*, •
treasure houae ; vault, coffer, safe
s.o., s.th.); to drive, ram (,j>jVl j * treasury, treasury department (of an
s.th. into the ground); to tear, rend, rip
official agency), any offioe for the
apart (* s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip apart deposit and disbursement of funds;
(a s.th.) V and VII pass of I and II
locker, wardrobe, closet; cupboard; li-

3j>- kazq rip, rent, tear, hole (in a brary |

ÜjoJI Ä*l^- k. ad-daula and ~*j>\)*-

garment) i.1* (ämma) public treasury, exchequer;

rdiil Z\y^- k. at-talj ioebox, refrigerator;
Jjjl»- käzüq pl. ,jij\^- kawäztq* post,
i_^&l 'ü\y- k. al-kutvb bookcase; library;
Btakc, pole; dirty trick j
<3jjU- II» that's
l~^>j~a*- Z\y- (hifüpiya) private library;
tough luck!
^'iU.I 4j\jii- wardrobe, closet, locker
3
3jj+ look up alphabetically
oj>- jeazina pl. £\yi- kazä'in* treasure

L>y- kazala i {kazl) to cut off, sever {* s.th.); house; publio treasury, exchequer; treas-

to hinder, prevent, hold back, restrain, ury, treasury department (of an official

keep (« s.o., je from) VIII to cut off, cut agency), any offioe for the deposit and

ehort, end abruptly (* s.th.); to shorten, disbursement of funds; cashier's offioe;

abridge, abbreviate (* s.th.); to stand vault, coffer, safe; cashbox, tili (of a

alone {<-> with an opinion) merchant) |i-*»U-M oj^l (käfpa) (formerly)

the Royal Privy Püree (Ir.); ~*}jJÜ\ "*Lij>-
J'j^-1 iktizäl abridgment, abbreviation;
k. ad-daula public treasury, exchequer;
shorthand, stenography
ii^l, iij^, ä-u^lj iyö <jj*- cash register
<J/j£ muktazil stenographer
ö\y- kazzän pl, -ät, ^ j\j*- kazäxin*

?y- kazama i (kazm) to string, thread (* dam ; reservoir ; basin, sump, pool
pearls) |
<ij\ *yi- (anfahü) to pierce the storage tank (also for oil); — (pl. -ün)

nasal septum (of a camel) and uisert the storehouseman, warehouseman

nose ring for the bridle; to make s.o. öjjt makzan pl. oj\Jt makäzin*
aubservient to one's will storeroom, storehouse; depoaitory; stook-
j»l^. kizäm, i»l^- kizäma pl. l^> ka* room, storage room; depot, magazine,
f
zä'im 2 nose ring warehouse ; störe, shop, department
störe ; ujil al-makzan the Makhzan,
l/|^- kuzämä lavender {bot.)
the Moroccan govemment (formerly:
öji- kazana u (kam) to störe, stock, lay up, governmental finance department; Mor.) \

hoard, aniasa, accumulate; to keep hj*\ b}A m. adutiya drugstore; üjit

secret, keep (* a secret) II and VIII to j\x^>^\ m. al-i$där shipping room (com.);
störe, stock, lay up, warehouse (* s.th.); ^J^\ oyt m, al-'aß trunk (of an auto-
to störe up, accumulate (* s.th.); to dam mobile)
 238
ÜJ^

öyfi- makzani being under govenunent jfi- mukzin disgraeeful, shameful,

control or adminißtration, belonging to scandalous, infamous
the govemment (Mor.) | <?jf- ^*' Äjjjt mukziya pl. -ät disgraeeful aot,
(amläk) govemment land (Mor.)
infamy
Jjljt mahäzini pl. -%ya native gendarme
^-^ kassa (Ist pers. perf. Jcasistu) a (<-»-
(Mor.)
kisaa, 1-L-ji. kasäsa) to be mean, base,
üjlit makäzin*; Jj^UI üjljt m. af-fariq vile; to become less, deorease, diminish,
the nearest, shortest way, a short cut depreoiate, fall in value; — kassa u to
lassen, reduce, diminish (* s.th.) II to
^yfi- makzanji storehouseman, ware-
lassen, reduce, diminish (* s.th.)
houBeman

kwoTwiär, kaznadär treasurer ^.^ Jaus lettuoe (Lactuca sativa

jl-L»J*-
bot.)
jj*- takzin storage, storing, ware-
iw^ kassa (n. un.) head of lettuce
housing; storing up, accumulation ; dam-
ming '<-+ kisaa and S-l—*- kasäsa meanness,
baseness, vileness
ujU- käzin pl. *Jji- kazana, o]y-
kuzzän treasurer - **-r- kasis pl. »I—*-1 akissä'* mean,
base, low, vile, despicable, contemptible,
üjjit makzün stored, stored up,
miserable
deposited, warehoused; (pl. -#) stock,
Bupply, stock in trade <-£_»- faw*«a pl. ^-JL JfcoÄi'w3 mean
trick, infamy
tfj*- kaziya a (kizy, kutan) to be or become
base, vile, despicable, oontemptible t»»- falsa*» o (faw*) to chase away (• s.o.);
—
(ölj*^ kazäya) to be ashamed (j- of); — '(j-*- kasi'a a to be driven away, make
kazä i to disgrace, dishonor, discredit, off |
cJ—»- kaei'ta beat it ! scram ! iLJl t-jtl

put to ehame (* s.o.); to shame, abash, ifcsa" üaika do.

embarrass ( s.o.) IT to humiliate, de-
L-j^l aksa' s baser, meaner, more des-
grade, dishonor (• s.o.); to shame, put to
picable; weaker
shame {» s.o.) X to be ashamed
*^-U- faüt' spumed, rejeeted, outeast;
^y- Jfizy, hazan shame, disgrace,
low, base, vulgär, despicable, contempt-
ignominy | I^JJÄ L yä la-l-kazä what a
ible; disgraeeful, shameful, scandalous,
shame
infamous; futile, vain (attempt); weak,
üLjit kasyän*, f. LjA kazyä, pl. lulyt feeble, languid
kazäyä ashamed, shamefaced, abashed;
&?.-,{ kastaka indisposition
shameful, disgraeeful, scandalous, in-

famouB, base, mean, vile ib-Jt mukastak indisposed, unwell,

sickly
«Ijjc makzäh pl. jljt makäzin a shame-
ful thing, a diagrace; reason for shame;
j*J- kasira a (jeusr, jL_*> kasär, «jL-*- kasära,
pl. shameful things, disgraeeful aots,
ülj^ji- kusrän) to ineur a loss, suffer
infamies to go
damage; to lose, forfeit (* s.th.);

jjje majeziy ashamed, shamefaced, astray, lose one'a way, get lost ; to

abashed; embarrassed, confused; jji^l periah II to cause loss or damage (• to

the Devil s.o.); to do härm (» to s.o.); to destroy,

 ;;

239
Cr*
min (» s.o.); to corrupt, deprave (• s.o.) «_-i»- kasab pl. ujLI^I akSäb wood,
IT to cause a loss (• to s.o.); to shorten, lumber, timber »Lü^l | i_, *.r- k. al-anbiya
cut, reduce (* s.th.) X to grudge
(J* guaiacum wood, lignum vitae
or j s.o. * s.th.), envy s.o.
(
J* or j) the
i-i*- kaSaba pl. -ät, t_jLl^l ak&äb piece
possession of (*)
of wood; a timber; pale, post; plank,
_ /
_>- kuar loss, damage board | c—II 4JL+. k. al-mayyit coffin;

jl^r-*- kusrän loss, damage, forfeiture; r/-il «--*" b< oX-masrah stage (of a
theater), -y-ll '<-!+
decline, deterioration ; depravity, pro- J* on the "boards"
fligacy ,ji>- Jcaiabl wooden, woody, ligneoua,
IjLs- kasära pl. J\~J- kasä'ir* loss, made of wood; timber-, lumber- (in

damage ; pl. losses, casualties (j in Compounds)

mit.) |
•)!—* L what a pity! too badl t_jli*^ kaSSäb pl. • lumber merchant
01^-»;- kasrän (eg.) loser; aflfected by l^aJL^ takSib paneling, wainscoting
damage or loss
4TiiJc takiiba pl. -ät, t-^ilic takäSib*
^U- £<£«»> lost, hopeless ; involving barrack, wooden shed
substantial losses; loser; depraved, cor-
l_-L*i takaiSub stiffness, rigor, rigidity;
rupted; profligate, disreputable person,
stiffening
scoundrel
i_JL^i* mutakaSiib frozen, rigid; stiff,
j-Jt mukassir causing damage, harm-
bard, firm
ful, noxious, injurioua, detrimental

C~L*- kuSt pl. ZjjI^- huSüt javelin

l_»- karnfa % (kasf, «J»>-^ kusüf) to sink,

sink down, give way, cave in, disappear, -^U^i*- kaükäi (coli. ; n. un. S) pl. ^^S-lL»-
go down to be eclipsed (moon)
; ; — % (kasf) kaSäkii 2 poppy
to cause to sink, cause to give way |
9,ji*m.L*- ka&kas'a to dank, clatter, rattle; to
jJylM 4j 4i I
,J*-»- k. llähu bihi l~ar$a God
ruetle
made him sink into the ground, God
made the ground swallow him up iü*i». kaSkaSa pl. -ät noise; dank,
VII to sink, sink down, go down clatter, rattle; rustfe, rustling; craah

<J&.-*- kasf baseness, ignominy, disgrace, Ü*iJL>. (-= Ü~L£ ) rattle (toy)

shame; inferiority | Li-»- fl— säma

lj{±+ kuSära leftover (of a meal); offal,
kasfan to humüiate, abäse, degrade {• s.o.)
refuse ; a discard, a worthlesB thing
i_jj-»- kusüf occultation (astron.)

lunar eclipse »A*. kaSa'a a (fj^- kuiü') to be submissive,

be humhle to humble o.s. to fade
; ;

^ kaiia % u (JcaSi) to enter (j s.th.) (voice) |

«^-m-j *~S- (basarihi) to lower

^Ll»- kiSäS vermin, insecta one's oyes II to humble, reduce to Sub-

mission (» fl.o.) V to display humility;
i*- II to lignify, become woody or wood- to be humble; to be moved, be touched
like; to line, face or caae with wood, to
Yy-±- kuiü' submissiveness, Submis-
panel, wainscot (* s.th.) V to lignify,
sion, humility
become woody or woodlike; to become
bard, stiff, firm, rigid; to stiften, freeze *iU- käSi' pl. kaia'a submissive,
(e.g., with panic) humble
 ;

JiLi». kufäf various fruita, stewed and soaked J*-l affiä mora timorous, more fearful;

in airup or rose water, compoto more to be feared, more frightening

ground grain, grita üLi* Jfaiyän*, f. Li* kaiyä, pl. LH*

JGLu- Jpuikär coarsely
kaJSäyä timorous, timid, anxious, ap-
<±j_£i>- kaikariSa Bcab, slough, Bcurf prehenaive

-V II to intozicate, make drunk (• b.o.) ^U- fcöÄn timorous, timid, anxious,

apprehensive
-i^- kaäm noBe; mouth; vent, outlet

(>**» kaüüm pl. ^it* kayäHm* noee; i* ka&a u to distraguish, favor (especially,
gills; also pl. *-2t*- noee before others), Single out {• s.o.), beatow
special honora (• upon s.o., in preference
.^1* kaAuna u (*i>i* fcuiüna) to be rough,
to others); to endow (»_> • a.o. with),
coarse, crude; to be raw, uncut, un-
confer, beatow (»_> • upon s.o. a.th.); to
polished II to roughen, coarsen, make
apportion, allot, assign, accord, give,
crude (* B.th.) III to be rüde, uncivil,
dedicate, devote (»-> • to s.o. a.th., in
boorish {• to s.o.) V to display rough,
preference to others); with <—iJ : to take
rüde, or coarse, manners; to be rough,
possession (* of), demand (* B.th.; also
uneven; to lead a rough life XII ü*jZS-\
4 ,. j; u ^j**- nafaahü); to be specifically
ik&iu&ina to be rough, coarse. crude; to
associated (• with s.o.), be characteristic
lead a rough life
apply
(. of s.o.), be peculiar (. to); to

jJL* kaiin pl. üLiw- kÜ&n rough, crude in particular {* to), be especially valid
coarse (as opposed to jjL» nä"im); rüde, (* for); to concern, regard (• s.o., * s.th.),

unpolished, uncouth; tough, harsh (life); have special relevance (* to), bear (*
hoarse, raucous (voioe) | iJ~Jl\
jJL»- k. on) I objo <**£ (bi-'inäyatihi) to devote
al-lama coarse to the touch, rough, un- one's attention to s.o., favor s.o. with
even, wrinkled; jl^l
uncouth, boorish; *j±H\ ^2+- &. al-^Üra
^ k. alkviq one's attention; ^JUl* *-»* (bi-g-dikr) to
makft special mention of s.o. or s.th.;
thick-shelled; ^'1 ^M (jiiu ) th « J+ _^-\ß
l
(ajnwu) I mention, among
strong sex them, especially (with foll. acc); ^ l-i*
P
jlrf.1 akian*, f. .Lit kaind'*, pl. jl* i
L^ this does not concern me, this is

kuin rough, tough, harsh, rüde, un- none of my business II to specify,

partioularize, itemize (* s.th.); to spe-

couth
oialize (* s.th.), narrow, restriot (J *
*LiX\ al'haSnä' the vulgär, uneducated
s.th. to); to designate, destine, set aside,
people
earmark, Single out ( J * or . s.o. or B.th.

ij^- Jcuiüna roughness, coarseneea; for a purpose); to devote in particular,

crudeness; rudeness dedicate, assign {J * s.th. to); to allocate,
allot, apportion (J * s.th. to); to ap-
^ kaHya a (£aiy, U*- kaSya) to fear,
propriate (J * funds for); to reBerve,
dread (« s.o., * B.th., J» for s.o. or a.th.), for); to tie
hold, withhold (J * a.th.
be afraid (* of) II to frighten, soare, down (*-> • a.o. to a special field) V to
terrify, alarm (• s.o.) V = I; VIII to be
Bpecialize J in, also »-* or j, in a scientific
(

embarrassed; to be ashamed devote one's attention

field); to all

IJJ- fea&ya fear, anxiety, apprehenaion |

(J to s.th.); to apply o.s. <J to), go in
(J); to be peculiar to); to
j+ ^*- kaiyatan min for fear of for s.th. (»->
 241

be choeen, destined, earmarked <J for) especially, particularly, in particular,

VIII to distinguish, favor (l-> • s.o. with), specifically

confer distinction (t-» » upon 8.0. by); to

(^y™**- kupüsi special; private, per-
devote, give, accord, afford (*-> • to s.o.
Bonal
s.th., in preference to others); to dedioate
(i-t • to s.o. s.th., e.g., one's Services); l^L*»- kapäfa poverty, penury, priva-

(with 4-JJ) to täte exolusive posBession tion, destitution, want

(a of), claim, demand {* s.th.), lay ,ja+-\ affofö2 more special, more speoifio |

special claim (* to; also <~Ju *j *z*-\ ^^"1/1 J* especially; ^^-^1 j do.
nafsahü) ; to be distinguished, be marked
»Uu^l akisfä' 2 intimate friends, con-
(<-* by); to possess alone, in distinction
fidantB
from all others, have above others {<^>

s.th.), have the advantage over others JLa^-I iksä'i see a lS*+
(i~> that); to be peculiar (*-> to); to - -'* takfis specialization; speoifica-
r
concern, regard (<~> s.th.), bear (v on); to tion, particularization, itemization; des-
be pertinent, have rele vanoe ( <_j to)
ignation, destination (for a purpose);
have to do ( *_> with) ; to be duly quaJified,
allotment, apportionment, allocation
be competent, have Jurisdiction {*_> in;
reservation; (pl. -ät) appropriation, fi-

^r^
e.g., an authority); to have as a special
nancial allocation; credit | l _r J*
function or task (<_* s.th.)
and ^L;rai^\ o-j Bpecifioally

^ ka$$ lettuce (bot.)

iJ
(J J»
M~*ji takappuf specialization (esp. t in

u^ti~ kupp pl. ^U^ kifäfi, ^U^-l a scientific field)

akfiäf* o*J~**
m
foffy nut Bhack, shanty,
>
^Lai^l iktifify pl. -dt jurisdiotion,
hovel
competence; speoial province or domain,
- kaf?a jet of water bailiwiok (fig.); pl. prerogatives, Privi-
leges, monopolies ; concesaions (Intern.
,j-»L*»- Jfapäf interstiee, interval,
Law); u^Lm^-VI (olj) j'i duly quaüfied,
crevice, crack, gap
authorized, responsible, competent; !/li
<*L**- kapä#a crevice, crack, interval,
^La^-Vi scope of competence, sphere of
g»P authority, Jurisdiction, province, domain,
<**~a>- kapi#a pl. ,j*jL+ji- kapä'ip* field

special characteristic or quality, specialty,

^La^.1 iJftisäfi pl. -ün specialist
particularity, peculiarity
,j*U- kä$a special, particular; specific,
L*~*i^ kiaaipan particularly, especially,
peculiar; relative, relevant, pertinent
specifically
(<_j to), concerning (<^> s.th.); earmarked,
j/^ kupü$ specialness; L-y^*- Jeu* designated, destined, set aside (<~> for);

fiüfan especially, in partioular, speoifical- especially valid or true (<-> for), especially

ly J u^j^ak f ,j-y~**- j and o-y-*^- j* applicable (<_j to), characteristic (<-> of);

(with foll. genit.) as to, concerning, distinguished ; private ; exclusive, not

regarding, with respeot to, as regards; public | t-> i^U- *Joj*r professional

yJ fym£\ \Xf and %J*y*£\

ii» j* in this Journal for...; Aji\j ,j<*l£l ('ämm) the
oonnection, in this matter, in tbis special and the general; high and low,
respect, about this, concerning this; Je all people; ^-»1^1 k-^JJl physician in

*y*£\ and ü^^m^-\ tt-j

J* (wajhi l-k.) ordinary
 <*»U- bdffa pl. j-»^»- kawöffi exclusive - tafytb fructification, fertilization

property; private possession; specialty,

V L*^I ityäb fertility
particularity, peculiarity, characteristic,

property, attribute; essence, intrinsio

oL^ mulfofi^ibät fertilizers

natura; leading personalities, people of 1.

<•* mukfib fertile, productive, fat
dwtinction, <^U^I the upper class, the
j**- fcafira a (üapar) to become cold; to
educated; käffiaian and 1^1* bi-feä$fatin
Buffer from the cold III to olasp (* s.o.)
especially, in particular |
j—Äil <^U- j
around the waiBt, put one's arm around
fl %. anfusihim at the bottom of their
s.o.'s (•) waist Till to shorten, condenae,
hearts, deep inaide
abridge, epitomize (* s.th.) ; to sum
wU- häfflya pl. -öl, ^L*^ kapä'ifi*
marize (* s.th.)
speoialty, particularity. characteristic,
rM^- faer pl. jj~**- kufiür hip, haunoh,
peculiarity, property, special attribute, _

waiat
feature, trait, qualifi cation ; prerogative,

privilege; Jurisdiction, competence '*j**t- mikfara pl. j*Äf- malpäeir* stick,

baton, wand; maoe, scepter
<+>ji- feuwaiefia (dimin. of <**U- häffa)
one's own business, private affair |
J»»b jL*i»-l iJptifiär shortening, condensation,
jjJ i-«i^- j he meddlea in my private abridgment, summarization, epitomiz
affairs ing (of a statement); hrevity |
jLa^VL;
(j-y-^^ makpüß special and jL*^-Ij briefly, in short, in a few
words
tr*** mujfa$$a# chosen, set aside, ear-
marked, designated, destined (J for); j^z£- muktafar shortened, Condensed,

allotted, apportioned, allocated; — pl. abridged ; hrief, short ; concise, terse

•l - -'* (financial) allocations; appropria- Buccinot; (pl. -ät) short excerpt, brief

tions, oredits; (daily) allowancea; (food) exposition, Synopsis, outline, summary,

rations | ÜUl oU^ (itfäfiya) extra abstract, epitome, compendium
allowancea; £lLL1 oU^ m. aJ-mnZtfc civil
• ^U- Jfäfiira pl. j~*\)*- kawäpir* hip,
list
haunch, waist | *jjj\± j «S^i (Sauha) a

u*z£ mukta$$ pertaining, pertinent, thorn in bis side

relevant, relative (<-• to); duly qualified,

i_' r- jfoßafa i {kapf) to mend, repair, Bew
authorized, responsible, competent; spe-
(* a shoe)
cial; pl. oL*ii muktaffät competences |

<*zjk\ oL.UÜ.1 the competent authorities; <L*s- fca#fa pl. J»L*»- jeifäf basket
i-*ijil j-'tjjl oompetent (or authoritative) (made of palm leaves)

quarters
iL*»- kufila pl. J-**-.£ui»aJ, -ät tuft; bunch,

^+- Jpapaba i and kafiba a (ki$b) to be Cluster; lock, wisp (of hair)

fertile (soil) II to make fertile (* B.th.);

iL«»- Jfaßla pl. JLa»- kifäl quality,
to fructify, fertilize {* s.th.) IV = I
property, characteristic, peculiarity, trait;
<^-**- hifb fertility; abundance, plenty; (natural) disposition
superabundanoe, profusion
~m»- kafama i to defeat (* an Opponent) in
u^ ka#ib and vi-"" 1-
£°?*& fertile, argument; to deduct, subtraot (* s.th.,
productive, fat
j* from); to discount (* a bill, a note^

hj~**- fpuptiba fertility III to argue, quarrel, dispute ( with s.o.'

 243

to bring legal action (* against s.o.), sue color, tinge (* s.th.); to dye (* s.th)
{» s.o.), litigate (* with); VI to quarrel, XU ._—»^ä*-I ikdavdaha to be or become
argue, have a fight; to go to law, carry green (plant)
on a lawBuit, litigate («_• with s.o.)

VII to be deducted, be subtracted VIII to

O <—-*>- kadb Chlorophyll (biol.)

quarrel, argue, have a fight ujU**- kidab dye, dyestuff | O ^i^-

l»oJI k. ad-dam hemoglobin (biol.)
~*»- ka?m pl, jo-^*- kußüm, j»L**-i

afoäm adversary, antagonist, Opponent; w-j™i^ Jeudüb green, greenness, green

opposing party (in a lawsuit) color

**»- Jcapn deduction ; subtraction -,-«««»- kadib dyed

rebate ; discount ; pl. rj-**- hupüm
r
**,*+ kadkada (i~ki*~k*- kadkada) to Bet in
liabilities (fin.) |
-^'1 j**. ri r al-k.
motion, upset, rock, shake {* s.th.)
discount rate, bank rate; oVL^JI **»
Jf. al-kambiyälät bill discount *~*lm~i.*- kadkada concussion, shock, jolt

p-**- kafim pl. ^-

*]c kupamä* 1 o)?**-
, Ü- kadada t (kadd) to cut off, break off (*
jcupmän adversary, antagonist, Opponent thorns) |
a&jZ xJü- (Saukatahü) to tarne

<ßj^- kupüma quarre), argument, dis-

s.o., hold s.o. in check, curb s.o.'s power

pute, oontroversy, feud; lawsuit

Ali- kadira o (kadar) to be green II to make
quarrel, argument, dispute, green, dye or color green {* s.th.) jJui-
l*L^ jfipäm |

controversy, feud; lawsuit ^jVl (ar$) to sow the Und, tili the earth
IX to be or become green XII j~iy±»-\
f^f- rnuf$ä$im adversary, Opponent,
ikdaudara = IX
opposing party (in a lawsuit); antagonist;
litigant jj^- kadir green , verdant ; verdure,
greenery; young green crop (of gram)
^- kapä % (»L- kifä') to castrate, emasou-
Ute
j-iA-'l al-kadir, al-kidr a well-known
(• s.o.)
legendary figure
, iS *+ fcafiy p\. ol i- kipyän, «_*». kipya
~*j-**~ kudra green, greenness, green
a castrate, eunuch
color; — (pl. jJ&- kudar) Vegetation,
kutya pl. kußan testicle verdure, greenery, greens; meadow; j~i*-

^j-ot makfiy castrated, emasculated vegetables

|

<s**- uv* (/a ™*) gelding jy-i»- Ifudari greengrocer

'jl^-l ikpai pl. -ün specialist; expert (of j L**- kadär green, greenness, green
a specialized field) color; greens, herbs, potherbs

±± kadda
iJr
{kadd) to jolt, jog (* s.th.); to j*-**- kadlr green
shake {» s.th.); to frighten, scare (• s.o.) ~«jL*S- kuddra greens, herbs, potherbs
M>- ,jJ
(J
laban kadd buttermilk jUi*- kaddär greengrocer

****- kadda
fright, terror, fear
concussion, shock, jolt;
^1
kudr green
akdar*,

|
f. .[,-irf-

^LJlj ^Vl J* Jl
kadrff*, pl.

(atä)
^ to

x^~U- kadaba (kadb) to dye, color, tinge (*

destroy everything, wreak havoc
i

s.th.); — kadaba i and ka4*ba a (vj-^*- »\jj£\ ai-kadrä' "the Verdant" (epi-
kudub) to be or become green (plant) II to thet of Tunis) ; the sky
 244

Cj\j\j^- kadräwät vegetables; greena, ^t- kadama i (kadm) to munch (* s.th.,

herbe, potherbs with a füll mouth), bite (* into s.th.)

»\j^m^\ al-kudairä' Paradise ~m*- Jcidamm vaat (said of the sea);

sea, ocean
O jj~& yakdür Chlorophyll (biol.)

*j**t- makdara meadow, lawn, turf, *- kaffa u (feaff) to draw or trace a line {
J*
sod, greens, verdant land on); to draw, trace, sketoh, design {*
s.th.); to write, pen (* s.th.); to oarve,
Cj\j~i£- mukaddarät vegetables
engrave, insoribe (* s.th.); to outline,

kadärim* abundant, mark, trace out, preacribe (* J for s.o.

(V**- kidrim pl. pjL**-
oopious ; well- watered, abounding in s.th.) | (|>-) IW J^ (faltan, aafran) to

water; openhanded, generous, liberal, draw a line; i-^ill *L»- (Salbu) bis hair

munificent turaed gray II to draw lines; to rule (*

s.th.); to furrow, ridge (* s.th.); to mark
{_?+£ mukadram designation of Buch
with lines or stripes, stripe, streak (*
oontemporaries of Mohammed, esp. of
s.th.); to pencil {* the eyebrows); to
poete, whose Ufe span bridges the time
mark, designate, earmark, indicate {
of paganism and that of Islam; an old
s.th.); to demarcate, delimit, delineate,
man who has lived through several
stake out, survey {* land, real estate);
generations or historical epochs
to lay out, map out (* roads) Till to

**iti- kada'a a kudü') to bow, defer, trace out, mark, outline, presoribe (* a
ifj-***-

Bubmit, yield, surrender (J to s.o., to way) to mark, demarcate,

; delimit, stake

s.th.), humble o.a. (J before), obey, out, delineate (* s.th.); to map out, plan,

follow ( J s.o. or s.th.) ; to be subjeot ( J and projeot (* e.g., the oonatruetion of a

Jl to a law, to a power, etc.), be under oity); to make, design, devise (* a plan);

b.o.'b ( J or Jl) control II and IT to humble, to plan (* s.th.), make plana (a for)

subjugate, subdue, make tractable (

J»*- b&tt pl* 1 to4$t liue; stroke;
-kt-**
s.o.) ; to submit, subject, expose ( J • or *
atripe, streak; (raüroad) line, line of
s.th. or s.o. to s.th.)
communication ; telephone line; frontline

ff**- kv4ü* Submission, obedience, (rn.il.); furrow, ridge; handwriting; writ-

humility, subjeotion ing, script; calligraphy, penmanahip |

fj-**~
kadü' pl. **i*- kudu' submissive, O is-h^ -1**- ( ar4ty ground wire (radio);

humble O ^5**- VI -ltJ-'l (üfin*) euneiform writing;

•L*l*Vl i*>l>^l (amämxya) the foremost
pj—i»-t ikda* subjugation, subdual;
lines, battle lines (mü.); jjb Ja»- (bäriz)
subjeotion
relievo script; 0j*jj ^*L telephone line;

«->U- kädi* pl. **iti- kudda*, uU_i»- ~<ij*r ^>j^*- (jamoiya) airlines; ^-ba*- .U»-

JpwFän, kid*än submissive, humble; obe- (hadidi) and -bJi-l i£- Ja»- Jf, sikkai cd-
dient, pliant, tractable; subject,. liable, hadid raüroad line, railroad track;
prone (J to s.th.) J lj ß Ja»- k. az-zawäl meridian (aslron. = ;

jLfül .Jo-^u Ja»- je. nipf an-nahär); O J«*-'f

Li*i kadüa a to be or beoome moist II and
jjl,—il (mismäri) euneiform writing;
IT to moisten, wet (* s.th.) IX = I
»I^u-Vl Ja»- k. al-istitvä* equator; J^iall Ja».

J-Ü kadil meist, wet; juioy, suc- k. af-pül or J^l» Ja»^ (füll) circle of longitude,

oulent; refreshing, gay, lighthearted meridian (geogr.); ^yJ/Ji J»»- k. al-'ard or

 ifjj* J*>- {'ardi) parallel (of Iatitude) '^^ kafi'a a (IL^ kata') to be mistaken; to
(geogr.); »U.I *_i; Jt*. k.taqsim al-miyäh commit an error, make a mistake; to
divido, waterahed; «Jl^SCll IjÜ\ .W- k. al- sin II to charge with an offense, in-
qüwaal-kahrabä'iya power linea; ä^-LAI J**^ criminate, declare guilty (• s.o.); to 1
meridian {geogr.); iuL'l
^ ^_^. to derail, accuse (* s.o.) of an error or mistake; to
run off the rails (train); /'-,- .W- tun.) IV to be mistaken, to
fine (* a.o.
J* ;

(witw^im) Straightaway, in a straight err,commit an error, be at fault (j in);

line; outright, out and out; Jai-'l Jjl»
J* to be wrong (j about, in); to make a
(JüZ aZ-fc.) all along the line mistake (j in, with); to miss (• s.o.,

fcu# section, district, quarter (of

e.g.,a shot; * the target); to escape (»
J**. a
city)
s.o. or s.o.'s notice; a fact) | *Jti tWI <

(fa'luhü) (his omen was wrong, i.e.) his

iJ**-
£a#i handwritten; linear; spear
expectations do not come true, are not
<U^- fcu#a matter, affair ; condition, fulfilled; that'a where he ia wrong,
State; office, function, position that's where he made a mistake! »U*»-l

»^1 (Sai'u) (Ut. : the thing escaped |

iL»- ^tf/a, fcu#a pl. JaL>^ W/af, fcufa/ a
him, missed him,i.e.) he lacked it; »U*»-l
piece of land acquired for the purpose of
j-i^l he failed, was unsuccessful; \^+-\
huilding ahouae; a piece of real estate.lot;
district; map or plan of a piece of real
«JL-Lüi^l j he drew the wrong conclu
sions; t>liill jo UmM he confused the
eatate, layout ; plan, project, design, inten-
two things, he mistook one thing for the
tion; line of action, course, policy, rule,
other
precept, guiding principle J**Jl 'da*.
| i

k. dl-'amal Operation plan, work plan; *la*- kif sHp, lapse, fault, offenae, sin
**j~ja Uai-' ULI» (ixbqan) according to
ü»»- kafa' and »LL»i- kafä* error; mistake,
schedule, as scheduled or planned
incorrectnesa ; offense, fault; kafa'an 1

J»U»>- kaffäf pl. -ün penman, callig- erroneously, by mistake | ... ül UiA^I /,*

rapher ; — tracing lines, leaving a it is (would be) wrong to ...; tiii-'l ,-iL-»l

straight trace |
J*IL^ iLli (faiak) or isläh al'k. corrigenda, errata, list of
iLUwi liü tracer bullet, tracer (mil.) corrections ; tli£ I
JJ qatl al-k. ao- '

cidental homicide (jur.)

-UjL^ takfit ruling, drawing of, or
marking with, lines; lineation; designa- 4JLii>- Jcafi'a pl. -ät, IjLU*^ ka$äyä mistake,
tion, marking, earmarking; surveying, blunder; slip, lapse; fault, offense; crime,
survey (of land); planning; projecting, ain; fine (tun.) i

mapping out, laying out (of cities, of

^»U- käfi' wrong, incorrect, er-
roads); plan, design
roneous; mistaken, at fault; (pl. «IL»-

,J*^z£ <-j (rasm) rough draft, firat hufäh, actually, pl. of colloq. käfi), f.

aketch, design üU käfi'a pl. [)>\j*- kawäpi' 3 sinner

*
b^aif- makfüf handwritten; manuscript
J*£- mukfi' mistaken, at fault, wrong;
<

Ü^iaii maktüta pl. -ät manuscript incorrect, wrong, erroneous

JaLii mukafpaf striped, streaked, ruled; J*+ kafaba u (<-Li kufba, LIL*. kafäba) to !

furrowed; designated, marked, earmark- deliver a public address, make a speeoh;

ed; planned, guided, controlled; (pl. -ät) to preach, deliver a sermon (^Ul J and
aketch, design, plan, layout; map (of a city) ^Ul an-ndsa to the people); — (kafi> t
J^ 246

«Ju^ ki\ba) to propose (U to a girl; aaid formal greetings by the words -l« LI

of the man), ask for a girl's hand (U) in ammä ba'du; conclusion, termination,

marriage (J on behalf of s.o.; said of the end; decision; unmistakable judgment;

matchmaker) ; to give in marriage, ^IW-'i J-a» liiJLoj
Jj we're through with

betroth, affiance,engage (J* or J «ü one another once and for all

one's daughter to s.o.) Uj> ,_Ji». (wud* rhetorical,

|
jl^- jcijäbi oratorical,
dahä) and l^oj* ^-A» (mawaddatahä) he -
1

speech-, lecturing (in Compounds)

courted her love III to address (• s.o.).
c^jLrf. katlb pl. »U»- kutabä'* (public)
speak, talk, direct one's words (» to s.o.),
Speaker ; orator ; lecturer ; preacher,
turn (» to s.o., orally or in writing) |
*J»U-

up; khatib; suitor (for the hand of a girl);

üjjLLJU to telephone s.o., call s.o.

Ö&L *i»U- (bi-l-käf) to address s.o. on

fiance

an intimate first-name basis Yl to talk 1—L*- kafiba fiancee

to one another; to converse, confer, have
<>IW- jcafäba preaching, sermonizisg,
a talk, carry on a conversation; to write
oratory
each other, correspond, carry on a cor-
respondence VIII to seek a girl's (U) i>lL*t kifäba rhetoric, oratory; speech,

in marriage, ask for a girl's hand lecture, discourse

hand
!u iL»- kufüba courtship ; betrothal,
u^Li- katb pl. v^*- h utüb matter, af-
Situation, con- engagement
fair, concern, bußiness;
ditions, circumstances ; misadventure, iXLit mukätaba pl. -ät address; public

mishap |
ili*^ L what do you want? address, speech; proclamation ; con-

what's the trouble? what's the matter versation, talk; Conference, parley |
äJvlic

with you? j 4-i*^ U what concern of his iJixij telephone conversation, telephone
what has he to do with t U . .
is . . . ? . call

.iJii u-L». what's it all about?

L^LIjc takäfub conversation; talk, dis-

* ^ kifba courtship ; betrothal, en- cussion; (inter)communication (also, e.g.,

gagement telephonic, by radio, etc.) |
<_«1»U^)1 *J

lugat at-t. colloquial language

iSui- kufia pl. i-^»»- kufab public

address; speech; lecture, discourse; ora- ^U käfib pl. »IL* j^afcö' 1 , v^ 1

tion; sermon, specif., Muslim Friday fcwfldft suitor; matchmaker

sermon, khutbah ^Uä*^ ~<±*± opening woman
| U»U- fcöftöa pl. ^IW- kuffäb
address matchmaker

V LU»- kißb pl. -ät, Um^I akfiba public *jjL»ft makfüba fiancee
address, speech; oration; letter, note,
l UL*t miikäfab addressed, spoken to;
message |
^~*-ji->'Üi*- welcoming address;
{gram.) second peraon
JijJ\ ^ILa k. al-'arS speech from the
throne; Jr-^— V^ 1 (musta'jil) expreBS
J^iwLl look up alphabetically
letter, special-delivery letter; '**•& v^ kaiarän) to swing, wave,
Je. taqdima letter of introduction ; O^ ^ U«t Ji*. jcatara i
(ü\J**-

al-qima al-mvqarrara) brandish (^ s.th.); to shake, tremble,

Sjjiil **J»JI £*\* {dät

(= avec valeur declaree) reg- vibrate; to walk with a (proud) swing-

lettres

istered, insured letters (e^.); t^UiA-'l J-a»

ing gait; to strut, parade haughtily;
—
u (jjk*~ kufür) to occur J to s.o.), come
al-k. (in letters:) conclusion of the i (
fa$l
 ;;

to s.o.'s (J) mind | *JL.

J* y>|l J*± (bälihi) ü[^- kafarän swinging, oacillation,

the matter came to his mind, occurred to Vibration

him, he recalled the matter (also «Jli j 2

Jm+\ akfar more dangerous, riskier;
and *)Li or Oj J*); ^WU *J
J*»- he had
weightier, of greater consequence; more
an idea; JLj jLJ£ 4 j*\ {lam yakfir bi-bälin)
serious, graver
an unexpected matter, s.th. one wouldn't
dream of ; — kafura u {»jj**- fcttfüra) to
*jLJ£ look up alphabetically

be weighty; to be important, significant; ^LJt makätir 3 dangers, perils

to be grave, serious, momentous, danger-
mukäfara pl. -ät venture, risk,
*J*\£.
ous, perilous, riaky, hazardoua III to
hazard
hak, hazard, atake {\-> s.th., <—ii> one's
life); to incur the danger, run the risk jLU^I ikfär notification, information;

(^ of), risk (^ s.th.); to bet, wager (• warning

s.o.,
J* a stake) IV to notify, inform (• jlrU käfir pl. Jß\ji- kawäfir* idea,
s.o.), let (« s.o.) know (^ about s.th.); to thought, notion; mind; desire, inclina-
warn, caution (» s.o.) V to walk with a tion, liking 4>U (K-o/K) for your
| Jr^
lofty, proud gait; to atride, strut (with sake; ^LU- J$" j* min htUi käfirin with
a swinging gait) ; to pendulate, osciUate, all one's heart, most gladly; ^LU- *-U j*
vibrate VI to make a bet (J* againat a 'an flbati käfirin gladly, with pleasure;
stake) of one's own free will, voluntarily; Jp
kafar weightineBS, momentousness iJ^U as you like; »J>^ JW to afford
J*+
importance, consequence, eignificance satisfaction to s.o., to comfort, reassure

seriousnesB, gravity; — (pl. -ät, jLU>-l s.o.; ,y »^»U- J* ii-l to feel offended

aktär) danger, peril, menace (J* to); by, take offense at; «jUU. £X* padda'a

riskiness, dangerousness ; risk ; hazard käfirahü to trouble, bother s.o. ; J^]^\ 0*1»

(pl. jlL^. kifär) stake, bet, wager J-U- (fammana) to calm the excitement; j*
|

^Li-'l of very great importance, momen- jl .jUÜc {marra) the thought crossed his

tous; Jm*- ji dangerous, perilous; ,_^«- mind that ...; li^UU-' UjTl (ikräman) for

JaJ- (muarrad) endangered, jeopardized;

your sake, to please you ;
__^»L£ I **j~ sur'at

al-k. presence of mind; Jm\£-\ q^* quick-

Jm*-\ «jLil iSärat al-k. alarm Bignal
witted
Jm*- kafir dangerous, perilous, risky,
hazardous; serious, grave, weighty, im-
jtljft mutcäfir one who risks s.th.,

portant, significant
who takes a chance ; daring, bold,

venturesome
lja>- kaira pl. kafarät pompoua walk,
perilous, risky,
strut ; swinging gait; idea, thought, J*£ mukfir dangerous,
hazardous
notion

>J*>- kafrafa (eg.) to be delirious, to rave,

jlL^ kaffir pendulum (phys.)
talk irrationally
j^~ kafxr pl. J*±- kufr weighty,
momentouB important, significant; grave,
;
~4sjm+ kafrafa delirium, raving

Berious jtiJl jb*- of great importance

|
jL*- katifa a, Jcafafa i (Jcaff) to snatoh,

•j_jL>- kufära weight(iness), importance, wrench or wrest away, seize, grab (*

moment(ousness) ; consequence, signifi- s.th.); to make off (* with s.th.); to

cance ; gravity, seriousness abduct, kidnap (« s.o.); to dazzle (j~*Jt

 <JU09- 248

al-ba$ara the eyes) V to carry away, first part; important matter | <*Li: Jtl
sweep away (« s.o.) VI to Bnatch or seize (afalla) approx.: to manifest its force, set

(* a.th.) from one another VII to be in (e.g., of a disaater)

snatohed away, be wrested away; to be
,j*L*- kifmi, kafmi {coli. ; n. un. «) mareh
carried away, be swept away VIII to
mallow (Älthaea officinalis; bot.)
grab, seize, take forcibly (* s.th.); to
snatch, wreat, wrench (j- * s.th. froni
»\1**- kifäm pl. U*. kufum noseband,
halter (of a camel)
s.o.); to abduct, kidnap (• s.o.); to ran
away, elope (U with a woman); to make (jb*-) Hui kafä u (katw) to step, pace, walk;
off (* with s.th.); to dazzle (j-aJI al- to proceed, advance, progress |
&\\jL*- \L*-
bapara the eyes) iw-lj (kafawätin) to take lorge strides,
<JaL*- katf grabbing, forcible seizure, also fig. = to make extraordinary
rape; abduction, kidnaping; LiW- katfan progress II and V to overetep, transgress
rapidly, quickly (a s.th.); to cross (* B.th.), go or walk
through s.th. (*); to ford (* a river); to
UL^ katfa pl. kafafät (n. vic.) a
leave its banks, overflow (river) ; to cross,
snatching away, a grab; sudden stirring,
traverse {jUJI the seas); to omit, die-
flash |
j_rJI XjL*. j (barg) instantly, in a
trice, like a atreak of lightning; JJL*-
regard, ignore, pase by (• so.); to go
beyond s.th. (*); to extend (Jl to); to
j^aJÜI c->Ui»*^ j* an impulse, a sudden
exoeed, tranacend (* B.th.); to excel,
emotion
surpass, outstrip, outdo ( » s.o. ) ; to
Jiliui- kaffäf rapacious; robber
proceed, pass (* through s.th., Jl to),
tjO«^ kuffäf pl. <Ja±\L*- kafdfif* (iron) leave s.th. (*) behind and turn to B.th.
hook; fiahhook; (coli.; n. un/«) swift, a eise (Jl); to disregard (*, * s.o., B.th.) in
variety of swallow order to turn one's attention to (Jl) j

.Jula*- kaffif pl. .Ji-LIL»- 3

iron /•U^l Jl 4j ^Lje (ilä l-amämi) to promote,
kafätif
hook advance s.th. VIII to step, pace, walk; to
prooeed, advance, progress
t_jlla^-l iktifäf grabbing, forcible seizure,
rape; abduction, kidnaping •J** katvxt pl. katatoät and hufiva pl.
kufwät, kufuwSt, step, pace,
<_il»U- jcäfif pl. J*L\j£- kawäfif3 raven- J»*- Jcufan
stride |
tlliA j jU (kufähu) to walk, or
ous; rapacious; rapid, prompt; quick,
follow, in s.o.'s footstepa; «jkij l^i*-
»Xu
sudden; lightninglike ; fleeting; short,
taqaddama kufwatan fa-kufwatan to pro-
brief |
üi»U- ^Ui ravenous wolves; *jj~*
ceed or advance step by step; »Ja*- üel
Ü]»U- (püra) Bnapshot; üLU ^>j*- (harb)
«* U- (ittakada) to take a decisive Btep;
blitzkrieg
ijjij uL^iu^ kafwatän wa-qafza hop, skip

JL»- kafüa a (kafai) to talk nonsense IV do. and jump (atklet.)

V to Btrut, walk with a pompous gait;

to walk with a proud, awinging gait
«-L* Jcafiya ( = i^^) glip, lapse, trans-
gression, fault, offense, sin
Jl«* kafal idle talk, prattle
l\]a*- Jcufäh pl. of "(jUU käfi' sinner

Jl*»- kafil garruloua, chattering, given

•Ja*- kaffa i to be light (of weight); to be
to silly talk ; stupid, foolish
slight, inaignificant; to beoome lighter,
Jt*- kafm nose, snout, muzzle (of an animal) decrease in weight, lose weight; to
front part (nose and mouth) ; foremost or decrease in intensity, grow lighter (color)
to be nimble, agile, quick; to hasten, (J»li»- Jcafäf, kjU^I j* liajar al-Jc.

huny, ruah (Jl to) II to make lighter pumice, pumice stone

(* s.th.), reduce the weight of (*); to
jLii- Jcuffän pumice, pumice stone
ease, lighten, relieve, soften (* jp for
»JuAji. Jcafif pl. kjli*- Jcifäf, ijLU-l
s.o. a.th. difficult or oppreflsive, also
akfäf, »IUI ajcijfä'» light (of weight);
* 8 -th., e.g., s.o.'s Bituation); to
J*' <J*
slight, little, trivial, insignificant; thin,
lessen, decrease, reduce, diminish (a or
scanty, aparae; nimble, agile, sprightly,
s.th.); to mitigate, alleviate, moderate,
jr-

temper (* or ^ s.th.); to thin, dilute

lively; — <-i-Ü-' name of a poetic meter j

"<S~jL\ -Ja-JuI- k. al-haraka easüy movable,

(> e.g., a liquid); (gram.) to pronounce
very mobile; nimble, agile; ^oJI t_i-£*- Je.
(> a consonant) without taSdid |
diip <JaJ*-
ad-dam amiable, charming; rjj\ ij»-i»- je.
kaffif 'anka ! cheer up ! be of good cheer
ar-rüh likable, charming, winning, ami-
libp,-- j- min sur'atika/

slow down
i_Ja_iL>- kaffif

"ifill to soothe
able; gay, in high apirits, cheerful; u^
JLil Je. az-zill likable, nice (person); ^i*-
s.o. 's pains V to dress lightly ; to dis-
a bürden); to
j^LJI Je. al-'äridain having a thin beard;
burden, relieve o.s. (of
JäJI iJaJ^- k. al-'aql feeble-minded, dim-
rid o.s., free o.s. (j- of s.th.); to huny
witted ; oJi ^j^U- k. al-yad nimble-
away (je- from), leave (jp s.th.) in a
fingered, deft; JoJl^- ^li weak tea
huny X to deem (> s.th.) light; to value
lightly, diadain, scorn, despise (<- s.o. or ij\'^ tajcfif Iightening, easing ; les-

s.th.), look down (<- upon), think noth- sening, decrease, diminution; reduetion;
ing (<- of), make light (<- of), aet little allaying, mitigation, alleviation, pal-

störe (<- by); not to take serioualy (<- liation, moderation; commutation (jur.);

s.th.), attach no importance (<- to); to relief; thinning, dilution (e.g., of a liquid) |

carry away, transport <• s.o., e.g., joy) cJi-ii-JI u>jJ* extenuating circumstances
(jur.)
J**- kuff pl. OU*- kifäf, J»LUl akfäf
shoe, slipper; — (pl. cJU^I akfäf) camel cJU^jl-1 istikfäj diadain, acorn, con-

hoof; foot (of the ostrich); sole (of the tempt ; levity, frivolity

foot) O;1*- J^ £TJ raja'a bi-kuffai

|
lÄiJfi- Ctjji zurüf mukaffifa extenuating
hunain to return with empty hands,
circumstances (jur.)
without having achieved one's mission;
to accomplish nothing, fail, be un- ,_Ajii. mukaffaf thin, diluted

euccesaful
jU- Jcafata u (o^i*- Jeufüt) to become in-
Ü>- kijfa lightless (of weight); alight- audible, die down, die away (sound,
ness, insignificance, triviality; sprightli- voiee) ; to become süent, become still

ness, buoyancy ; agüity, nimblenesa III <Jj~*i, <4^xj cjU- {bi-kalämihi, bi-ßau»
inconstancy, fickleness, flightiness, levity, tihi) to lower one's voiee IV to silence,
frivolity |
"<S~jL\ <i>- Je. al-haraka, j i-U- reduce to silence (• s.o.) VIII = I

iT^J-l nimbleness, agility, quickneBs;

O^i*. kufüt fading (radio)
>oJl lÄti- Je. ad-dam amiability, charm
rjj\ Hui- Je. ar-rüh do.; uJI <i*- Je. al-yad ü-iU- käfit dying away, dying down,
becoming süent; inaudible; faint, dying,
manual skill, dexterity, deftness
fading, trailing ofF (sound, voiee); soft,
J»U ajeaff* lighter; lesser, slighfcer;
aubdued (Ught, color)
weaker | lfj_r*h J<*-\ a ad-dararain the -

lesser of two evüs cJcJf- muktafit soft, low, subdued

 260
J**

'*»- kafara u (kafr, Ijli*- kifära) to watch {*, • J 4—b>- j-Ü*- (janähahü) to unbend toward
b.o., B.th. or over s.o., over s.th.), guard, s.o., ahow o.s. open-minded, responsive,
protect (• s.o., m s.th.) ; — kafira a (kafar, aocessible to; — kafwßa u to be carefree,
•jli»- kafära) to be timid, shy, bashful easy, oomfortable (life); to sink, dip, drop,
II = I kafara V = I kafira settle, Bubside ; to become low, drop to an
undertone (voioe) II to lower, decrease,
jÄ*- kafr watching, watch, guard(ing)
reduce (* s.th., price) |
iLl*- <j***~ tyffil

ji»- kafar guard detachment, guard; 'alaikaf take it easy! <iliU- iL!*- <j+Ä+-

escort |
J^l>-Jl j**- coast guard (Eg.) (ja'Saka) cool off! calm down! relax!
IV *jj^ j-ü^-l (aautahü) he lowered hie
jj*- kafar timidity, shyness, bashful-
voice V and VII to sink, dip, drop, settle,
ness, diffidence
subside ; to be lowered, be reduced
ji»- kafir bashful, diffident, timid, shy, (price); to decrease, grow Iess; to be
embarrassed, coy diminished

jJi»- kafir pl. »\jÄ*- Jeufarä*

2
watchman; j-ü*- kafd lowering, lessening, decrease,

protector, guardian ; guard, sentry, senti- diminution, reduction; subduing, lower-

nel ing, muffling (of the voice); curtailment,

limitation, restriction; eaae (of life);

•jli»- kifära watoh(ing), guard(ing),
(gram.) pronunciation of the final con-
protection; guard duty
sonant with i |
i+Jül ,jAJui- k: al-qima

jjiit makfar pl. J>\J£ makäfir* guard devaluation (of a currency) ; ^±»11 ,j+äj-

house, guardroom; guard, control post |

k. aWaiS carefree, easy life ; ,j+ä*- j j*
il^-tll jJut m. aS-Surfa police Station ,ji±*Jl j- he lives in ease and comfort;
Ci^aII !_?***- h> o^-aaut lowering of the
»yU- kafira: J»-]>—Jl *yU- k.as-aawähü
voice; uAii^\ *-Jj»- harf al-k. preposition
coastguard cruiser (Eg.)
(gram.)
jjiüf- makfür under escort, escorted;
LfÄ-i*- kaf\4 low, soft, subdued (voice)
covered, sheltered, protected
jäJl£
x
takfid lowering, cutback, re-

rÄ*- Jcafasa u (kafa) to ridicule, soom (» duotion (esp. of prices) ; diminution,

b.o.), laugh, mock (• at); to destroy, decrease, lessening, curtailment, restric-
demolish, tear down (* a house) tion, limitation

^-iUit t inkifäd sinking, dropping,

£i*- kafaS day blindness, hemeralopia
subsidence; lowering, reduction; lessen-
JfcX akfaP, f. »lii»- kafaa'*, pl. JJ>+ ing, decrease. diminution, decrement
kufS day blind, hemeralopic; weak-
dropping of the water level, low water |

Bighted, afflicted with defeotive vision

,Syr (^>UJtl (jatvwi) low-pressure area
^li*. kuffäS pl.
Jü\j± kafäfiP bat (meteor.)

(zool.)
^jÄä£- mukajfad lowered, reduced, low,
moderate (price, rate); lower
kafatfa i (kafd) to make lower (* s.th.);

to lower, decrease, reduce, lessen, di- ^rÄÄ^w munkafi4 low (altitude, fre-

minish (* s.th.); to lower, drop (*, j- quency, price, etc.); soft, low, subdued,
s.th., also, e.g., the voice); (gram.) to muffled (voice)
—
|
<«iii«J.I
^ I
jV I the
pronounce the final consonant of a word Netherlands; munkafa4 pl. -ät low
with t; to put (* a word) in the genitive J
ground; depression (geogr.)
 2S1
J°-

jiA kafaqa i u (kafq, ulü»- kafaqän, 3j*+- it is obvious that . .

. ; iiJLl* Jjc ^ you
kufüq) to vibrate; to tremble, shake; know very well..., you are well aware
to beat, throb, palpitate (heart); to (of it); — kafä i to hide, conceal (* s.th.);
flutter, wave, stream (nag); to Aap the to keep secret (* s.th.) IV to hide, conceal
winga, flutter (bird); to waver, flicker; — (* e.th.); to afford (* s.o.) a place to hide,
(kafq) to flash (lightning); to beat, whip shelter, hide ( s.o.); to keep secret (*

(* B.th.; eggs, cream, etc.); to make the s.th.); to disguise, conceal (* B.th.,
J»
sound of footsteps (ahoe) ; — (i3>»*- kufüq) or j* from s.o.) |
Oj-*il J*^l to lower the

to drop one's head droweily, nod off, doze voiee, Bpeak in an undertone T to hide,

off (ÜU- Ji»- Je. kafqatan); — •'

[3y*~ keep o.s. out of view; to disguise o.s.

kufüq) to set, go down (celeatial body) VIII to hide, keep o.b. out of view; to dis-
II to roughcast, plaster, ßtucco (* a wall) appear, vanish; to be hidden, be un-
IT to Aap the wings, flutter (bird); to set, known; to be lacking, be missing, be
go down (celeatial body); to be unauo- absent |
jllüVl ^ J^-t to be hidden or
cesaful, go wrong, fail, miscarry, come to disappear from Bight X to hide, keep o.b.

nothing, be abortive ; to fail, be un- out of view; to be hidden, be concealed;

Buccesaful (j in s.th.) to be hidden from b.o.'s (j^) view, become
invisible (je to s.o.), disappear from
jiA kafq throb(bing) palpitation; beat-
sight
ing, beat; footfall, footstep, tread (of a
boot, of the foot) j*- kafiy hidden, concealed; secret,

unknown; unseen, invisible; mysterious |

«Äi*- kafqa pl. kafaqät (n. vic.) beat,

throb; tap, rap, knock; ticking noise, f^' J^ b- a^-t*w* anonymous; O j[yl

Li^- (anwär) indirect lighting

tick

<jUi*- kafaqän palpitation of the heart, Ij^. kufyatan, kifyatan secretly, clan-

heart beat; throb(bing), beat(ing); flut- destinely, covertly; <* *^~- without bis

tering, flutter knowledge

,jlü- kaffäq -pa\ipit&nt, throbbing (heart) '*Jt*~ kaflya pl. LU*- kafäyä a secret, a

fluttering, waving, Streaming (flag) secret affair

O <ÄÄ*£ mikfaqa whisk, eggbeater »Li*- kafä* secrecy, hiddenness | »Ui: I

j
secretly, clandestinely, covertly; »Li»- V
JL*»-1 ikfäq failure, fizzle, flop, fiasoo
ül J (kafä'a) it is quite evident, it is
jiU- käfiq palpitant, throbbing (heart); quite obvioua that . .

fluttering, waving, Streaming (flag);

•li*.l ikfä' hiding, secretion; conceal
üLüU:l al-käfiqän East and West; Jij^l
ment; lowering of the voiee
al-kawäfiq the cardinal points, the four
quarters of the world J»* takaffin disguise

JiU- käßqi mortar, plaster, rough- »loU iktifä* disappearance

cast; stucco <_>U- käfin hidden, concealed; secret,

Uli*, see -JiJ-

unknown; unseen, invisible

LiU- käfiya pl. iJiU^l kawäßn a secret;

j~ kaßya o to be hidden, be conoealed; to
be unknown to
— pl. j]>£l al'kawäfi the ooverts, the
(a fact; Jp to s.o.);
secondaries (of a bird'8 wing)
disappear, hide |
ül Jic ^ it is well

known that ...; as everybody knows ..., Jjfc makfly hidden, concealed
 252

^u muiakaffin disguised, in disguise s.th. suffers or suffered); J^U kiläla

during; between; through | JU- j }\ kalali
<JcJ£ mvJctafin hidden, concealed, clan-
and d~^*- j f% fciläli during; in the
destine, covert, secret ; disappearing,
course of, within, in a given period of;
Tanishing
dÜA J^U j meanwhile, in the meantime;
muktafan hiding place, hide-out
Jyfc
J^U- ^ min kiläli aoroas, through, right

jÜU. look up alphabetically through the middle of; out of, from
within; (to judge, rea&on, draw conclu-
J*. katia u (kall) to pierce, transfix (* e.th.)
sions, eto.) by, on the basis of, on the
II to turn sour; to make sour, to sour,
strength of. (to recognize) from
acidify (* s.th.); to pickle, marinate (*
s.th.); to aalt, eure with aalt or in brine
il*. holla need, want, laok; — (pl.

J^U- kiläl) property, attribute, pecu-

(* s.th.); to piok (* the teeth); to run the
liarity; characteristio ; natural disposition
fingere {* through s.th.), part, comb
(a the hair, the beard, also with the <U- kuüa pl. JU hvlal friendship
fingere) III to treat (» s.o.) as a friend
J"5U- kiläl pl. il*-l akiUa boring or
IV to offend (v against), infringe, trans-
driUing implement; peg, pin; epit,
gress (w s.th.); to violate, break (i~>
skewer; (also ü"5U-, pl. ~ät) toothpick;
s.th., e.g., a rule, a custozn); to fail to
see also JU kalal
fulflll, fail to meet (*-> an agreement);
to forsake, desert, abandon (w s.o., JJ*- kalil pl. oU ajfeiüä* », Ö^U hülän
s.th.); to disturb, upset, härm, prejudice
friend, bosom friend; lover; JJX'I Hebron
(cj s.th.) T to be, lie or oome between (town in Jordanian Palestine) |
Äiil J-U-

e.th. (*; also in time), intervene (*

epithet of Abraham
between); to be located or situated, be Ü-U- kalila pl. -ät girl friend, woman
interposed, be placed {* between); to friend; sweetheart, paramour
permeate, pervade, interpenetrate (*
JjU-'l |*l umm aI-£vJü/ river mussei {xool.)
B.th.), mix, mingle, blend (*with) VIII to
be or beoome defectire; to be in dis- J"5U-1 ikläl pl. -ät breach, infraotion,
order, be faulty, defioient, imperfeot; to violation (of a law, of a treaty, and the
become disordered ; to be upset, be like) ; offense (against), transgression,

unbalanced ; to be disturbed (order, infringement (of ) ; disturbance (of an

System) |
Jy^-Ül C-lr^-l the conditions order, of a System); impairment, injury,

are not fulfilled; *Jj^J Ji»-I (tawäzunuhü) härm (to); average, damage by sea |

to lose one's balanoe, beoome unbalanoed; V J^*-Vl j»J*. *. ('adami l-i.) without
*li* Ji»-1 ('aqluhü) to be mentally deranged prejudice to, without detriment to

hall viaegar t}-jc*-\ ikiiläl deficienoy, defectiveneas,

J*>

y kiU, kuU pl. J^Ul akläl friend,

imperfection; (a falling into) disrepair,
deterioration; faultiness; disturbance (of
bosom friend
a System, of a funetion, of theequilibrium,
JU- kalal pl. J^U- kiläl gap, interval, eto.); disorder, confusion
interstice; cleft, craok, rupture, fissure;
Jüt mukallal pickled; salted; (pl. -ät)
a defectire, unbalanoed state, imbalance;
pickles, pickled vegetables
defectiveneas, imperfection; fault, flaw,
defeot, shortcoming; disturbance, upset, Jit mukitt disgraceful, shameful |

disorder ; damage, injury, härm (that «^UV^ J^ immoral, indecent, improper

 253 jU

i__L- kalaba i u (kalb) to seize with the i*»U- kalja pl. kalajäi emotion, senti-

clawB, clutch (* s.th.), pounce (* on); —u ment; scruple, qualm, misgiving

(<j~>L^- kiläba) to cajole, coax, wheedle
«JU- kalij pl. ^U- kuluj, o\*A*- kvijän
(• s.o.); to inveigle, beguile, bewitoh,
bay, gulf; canal; ^J-' name of Cairo's
enchant (* s.o., «ü* 'aqlahü b.o.'s mind);
ancient city canal which was abandoned
to charm, fascinate, captivate (• s.o.) III to
and leveled at the end of the 19th
cajole, wheedle, coax. inveigle, beguile,
Century |
^jLiil »_U:I the Persian Gulf
bewitch, enchant (• s.o.) VIII to Beize
with the claws, clutch {* B.th.), pounce (* r*£*~ kiläj misgiving, doubt, scruple,

on); to cajole, inveigle, beguile, bewitch, qualm

enchant (• s.o.) ö-")t*U iktüäja (n. vic.) convulsion, jerk,

i_~U- kilb pl. <_j"5U-1 akläb fingemail, twitch; tremor

claw, talon
IXU- kälija pl. Uyi- kawäHj* emotion,
i_-U- 3j baTqun kullabun and barqu sentiment; scruple, qualm; idea
kullabin lightning without a downpour;
J^i*- kalkaia to shake, convulse, rock (*
a disappointing, disillusioning matter;
s,th.); to rarefy (* s.th., e.g., air; ehem.-
i_-U- and 3j t> ^-U- delusion, illusion
phya.) II takolkala to be shaken, be
Jj~ kullabxv J± iLli {faSak) blank
rocked; to come off, become disjointed,
cartridges (Syr.; mil.)
become detached; to become loose, work
u-j-jU- fcalläb gripping, captivating, loose; to be or become rarefied (chem.-

fascinating; attractive, engaging, win- phya.)

ning; tempting, enticing; fraudulent,
deceitful; deceptive, delusive, fallacious
J^JU kalkal pl. J^^ kaläkiP anklet
JLaU kalkäl pl. J^*)U- JealäkW anklet
<*"jU- kiläba engaging manners, at-

tractiveness, charm J^Jic takalkul rarefication

.„lit miklab p 1. i_JIJ£ makälib 1 claw, talon J^JJt mukalhü and JiJU»i* mutakalkil

^JU- kälib = w^ kalläb

rarefied

tpr
*rU- II takalbasa (eg.) to clown iL- kalada u (iji>- kulüd) to remain or last
forever, be everlasting; to be immortal,
_^*>rU-
(
kalbüs pl. ^-to^U- kaläbia 2 i^u'jU ,

deathless, undying; to abide forever (Jl

kolöbiaa (eg.) clown, buffoon, harlequin
or <~> in, with); to remain, stay (Jl or ^
~l+- kalaja i and III to be on s.o.'s (•) mind, or j at a place) | ~**-\J\ Jl .iL- to rest,

trouble, preoccupy, prepoesess (• s.o., relax; ßjift Jl .iL- to lie down to sleep
s.o.'s mind; said of worries, doubts, etc.); II to make eternal or everlasting, per-
to pervade, fill (» s.o.; said of a feeling) |
petuate, eternaüze (* s.th.), make im-
<Ji J-U- (qalbahü) to be uppermost in mortal, immortalize (» s.o.); to make in-
s.o.'s beart V to be shaken, be convulsed, effaceable, unforgettable (* s.th. ; a
be rooked VIII to quiver, tremble, quake, memory); to remain, stay, abide, linger
shake ; to twitch ( eye, limb, body ) (i_» at, in a place) to grow very old, enjoy
;

to animate, move, stir, inapire, fill, a long life, be long-lived IV to eternize,

pervade, possess (*, j the heart; said immortalize, make immortal (» s.o., *

of a feeling) J
lf ^li*-l (gamman) to be s.th.); to perpetuate (* s.th.); to remain,
filled with boitow, with grief (heart) stay, abide, linger ( Jl or ^ at, in a place)
 •

jU- 254

to be disposed, incline, lean, tend (Jl to) — (^^U- kalä?) to be or become free, be
V to become eternal or immortal, freed, be liberated (^ from), be cleared,

perpetuate o.a.; to be or beoome long, get rid (,> of); to be saved, be rescued,

lasting, perpetual escape {,> from); to be redeemed, be

delivered, attain salvation {Chr.) ;
—
-lU- kuld infinite duration, endless time,
(coUoq.) to be finished, be done, be
perpetuity, eternity |
olJ-'l jIj Paradise,
through, be over; to be all gone II to
the hereafter
clear, purify, refine, purge, rectify (*
A*- kuld mole (zool.)
a Situation); to
s.th.); to clarify (*

-lU- kalad, pl. si*-\ akläd mind, heart, liberate, free, save, rescue (* s.o., ,>
spirit, temper from), rid (• s.o., <> of); to redeem,
deüver (Chr.); to prepay the postage (Ja
^U- kulüd infinite duration, endlesa
on); topay duty (VUiJl J* on merchan-
time, perpetuity, eternity; eternal life,
dise), clear J* goods); to settle (* a bill);
immortality ; abiding, remaining, staying (

(coliog.) to finish (* s.th.) | *i*- iJA^- (haq'

oJJc tajclid perpetuation, eternization,
qahü) to restore one's right, secure one's
immortalization with with
due III to act integrity,

oJl*. kälid everlasting, perpetual, eter- sincerity (• toward s.o.),treat (» s.o.) fair

nal; immortal, deathless, undying; un- and Square; to get even, become quits
forgettable, glorious; pl. JÜ\y- kawälid* (/with s.o.) IV to dedicate (a Jto s.o.

mountains j
ol-ÜU-M J)£\ the Ganary s.th.); to be laryal (J to s.o.); to be

Islands devoted, be faithful (J to) |

^i-M <JA±\
jjjt muklid diapoeed, inclined, tend-
(hvbba) to love s.o. dearly; oj Zi iJA^-\
(li-llähi dinahü) to worship God fatth-
ing (
Jl to)
fully and sincerely T to rid o.s. (j* of),
^J*- kalam i (kaU) to steal (* s.th.); to free o.s. (^ from), get rid (j. of); to be
pilfer, filoh, swipe, purloin (* a.th.) freed, be delivered, be Baved, be rescued,
III Jül\ 4-JU- (nazara) to glance furtively escape (j* from) VI to act with reciprocal
at s.o. Till to steal, pilfer, filch, swipe integrity and sinoerity; to be quita, be
(*s.th.); to get under false pretenses or even X to extract (* s.th., j* from); to
by crooked means (* s.th.); to embezzle, copy, ezcerpt (* s.th., j* from) ; to
misappropriate (* s.th.); to spend seoret- abstract, take, gather, work out (* s.th.,
ly (* hours) |
Jl JJM ir l=rf-l (hufä) to as the quintessence, j- of); to deduce,
sneak up on s.o.; (j) Jl JiJI j-li»-! to infer, derive (* s.th., j* from); to dis-

glance furtively at s.o. cover, make out, find out (* s.th.); to

i_U- kuhaXan by stealth, stealthily,

select, choose (* s.th.); to demand
Burreptitiously, furtively
payment of a sum (*) and get it (,> from
s.o.) |
j* »JjU (j^li^-1 to derive profit from,
^-^U- kiläsi mulatto, bastard
profit, benefit from; \itj *U m\J*z**\ (wa*
,jM^ji-\ iktiläs pl. -ät embezzlement, dan) to exact a promise from s.o.

misappropriation, defalcation
^^U- kaläp liberation, deüverance,
JiJf- muktalis embezzler, defalcator
iJ riddance; rescue, salvation (,> from);

,jA*- kcUa$a u {^J*- kulüj) to be pure, un- redemption (Chr.); payment, settlement,
mixed, unadulterated; to belong (J to liquidation (of a bill); receipt; placenta,

s.o.); to get, oome (Jl to), arrive (Jl at); afterbirth

 J.U

l^^U- kuläga pl. -ät excerpt; extract, gram); il^Xll ^ ^U- (tjumrug) dutyfree;

essence ; quintessence, substance, gist ijj^^l ^L*- tax-exempt

(of s.th.); abstract, resum6, aummary,
.j^i* mukaüis liberator; Savior, Re-
epitome; Synopsis \ VW *-»"$*- (nihä'tya)
deemer (Chr.)
summation (jur.) ; *Jyt*>UI 4-»^J-'l (al-

lähütiya) the "summa theologica" (of

(aJs.)
_r
I
al£- mukaUap ('alaihi) postage
paid
Thomas Aquinas); *ijt i-»"5**- ('i^riya)

perfume essence; <^*JX\j in short, briefly, (j-tlii muklis devoted; sincere, frank,
in a word (introducing a eummary of the candid ; loyal ; faithful ( J to s.o., to
basic ideas) s.th.); purehearted, virtuous, righteous;
^aLÜI (in letters) approx. yours truly
: . .
.,
_
l roJU- kalip pl. »LaU kulaja 2
pure,
sincerely yours . .
clear, unmixed, unadulterated; sincere,

faithful, loyal; loyal adherent jflly - mustakla$ pl. -ät extract, ex-
cerpt
^ji*- kvlü$ clearness, purity ; sincerity
candor, frankness IlU- kalafa i (half) to mix, mingle, com-
mingle, blend {<-j a s.th. with) ; to confuse,
^^U- kallä? (magr.) tax collector
confound, mix up (ju two things; j ju
^^- maklap safe place ; refuge, s.th. with), mistake (j ju s.th. _ for)

escape, rescue, salvation, deliverance II to mix, mingle, commingle, blend (*

B.th.); to cause confusion III to mix,
(j^JJ^ taklia Clearing, purification,
mingle, blend, merge, fuse (> with
refining, rectification ; clarification ; lib-
s.th.) ; to meddle (* in), interfere (*
eration, extrication, deliverance, rescue,
with); to mix, associate (• with s.o.);
salvation ; payment, settlement, liqui-
to have to do (• with s.o.) | *—Ü iiJU-
dation; prepayment of postage (J* on);
(nafsahü) to befall, attack s.o. (pain,
customs clearance, payment of duty
etc.); *!** j ]aij>- külifa f\ 'aqlthi to be or
(mL^JI J* on merchandise; also r t^ L
i_
become disordered in mind VIII to be
^Lijl)
mixed, mix, mingle, form a mixture or
<*oJ LJt mukälo&o, pl. -dt receipt blend; to consist of a heterogeneous
mixture, be motley, promiscuous ; to
j^tiU-l t£Zä£ sincere devotion, loyal
associate, be on intimate terms (i~> with);
attachment, sincere affection; Bincerity,
to be or become confused, get all mixed up
frankness, candor; loyalty, faithfulness,
fidelity, allegiance (J to) U>- half mixing, blending ; combination

mingling, commingling ((_> with); con-

| _ r«ijc takallup freedom, liberation, re-
fusing, confounding, mistaking, mix-up,
lease, extrication, escape <j- from)
confusion

r»'^i^l «M;Zäpextraction;excerption;
t_
pl- l**£*-\ akläf component of
Jal>- küf
dorivation, deduction ; selection col- ;
a mixture ; ingredient ; pl. mixture,
lecting (of a sum of money)
blend |
uLJ^l i-^i the four humors of
^U- käliß pl. *1*~ kuüaf clear; pure, the human body (blood, phlegm, yellow

unmixed, unadulterated; sincere, frank, bile, and black bile); j-Ul > JoU-l
candid, true; free, exempt (,> from) |
common people, populace, rabble, riff-

ij>- $\
%
,j*}\*- k. al-ujra post-free ; jjl ^L^ raff, mob; .LL iU hilf milf, halt malf
fc. or-raü prepaid, reply paid for (fcele- motley, pell-mell, promiscuously
U- 256

ÄUU- ifalfa mixture, blend, medJey to); to confer, bestow (J* * a.th. upon
s.o.), grant, award (J* * s.th. to b.o.) |

ÄUU- kulfa Company; mixture

4>Lj -Jl^ (tiyäbahü) to undreas; j- **!*-

and 1U}U J-jift i'ari) to dethrone s.o. ; i*l*- «J* ^Jbi

ir^U kalläf kaliäfa pl. -äf

mixer, mixing machine (kü'atan) to bestow a robe of honor upon

s.o.; J*- <-Jü Je A*- (haqqa) to arrogate to
Ja-U- fcaiif mixed, blended; motley,
o.s. the right of ...; — kalu'a u (U^-
heterogeneous, promiscuous; mixture,
jcalä'a) to be dissolute, morally depraved
blend (ja of); medley, hodgepodge; (pl.
II to take away, remove, displace, dis-
•lkU> kidalä' 3 ) aesociate, companion,
locate {* s.th.); to knock out of Joint,
comrade take or break apart (* a.th.); pass.

Vi* tottif pl. -öi insanity; delirium JcuUi'a to fall to pieces, get out of Joint
III to divorce (U one's wife, in return for
iLJlje. mukälafa Company, intercourse, V
a compensation to be paid by her) to
association apart, break; to beoome
go to pieces, fall

V^-l i&üöf (process of) mixing, or be luxated, dislocated (Joint); to take

blending; mingling, commingling; eon- a vaoation in the country (tun.) |

j Ajfi-

fusion; mental disorder; (social) inter- ^ I^JJI [Sarah) to be addicted to drinking,

course, association, deaüngs (<_j with) drink heavily VII to be displaced, be

dislocated, be removed; to be diveBted,
Jr^Üft maklüt pl. VJl* mafcöJtJ 1 mixture,
be deprived, be stripped (j^ of s.th.),
blend; alloy Ui ^Lcl {qatinthü)
forfeit, lose {,> s.th.) |

JJLi^ mukaUat confused, disordered he was completely taken aback, he was

alarmed, ßtartled
JJLJt mvJcälaf stricken, affiicted

by a disease)
(<-< e.g.,
U jfal' slipping off, taking off (of
clotheB); deposition (e.g., of a mler);
VU* muktalit mixed |
SLLu&l £*Ut the dislooation, luxation |
jb^V I *\*- ex-
mixed oourts, see i&t; VLrf *i*j coed- traction of teeth
ucation
«!* kvT khula, divorce at the instance
^U feda'a a (£aT) to take off, put off, slip of the wife, who must pay a compensa-

off (* a garment) ; to doff, take off {*i>jtjß tion (IbI. Law)

one's tarbooah); to extract, pull (* a Ui>- kil'a pl. Aji- küa robe of honor
tooth); to wrench, dislocate, luxate {*
«-U JpalV pl. »l*U- kula'ä' 2 deposed,
a Joint); to depose, remove, dismiss, dis-
dismissed, discharged (from an office);
charge (* s.o., j* from an office); to
repudiated, disowned; wanton, dissolute,
renounce, forgo, give up (* a.th.), with-
dissipated, profligate, morally depraved
draw (* from) ; to throw off, cast off (»jli*

'%4ärahü one'ß restraint, one's inhibi-

f^U kaüa wild, unruly, wanton,
tions); to refuse (i*UJI obedience); to shameless, impudent
diflown, repudiate (ol one's son) ; to
ic-tiU- Jfolä'a dissoluteness, dissipation,
divorce (U one's vife) in return for a
profligacy, wantonness, licentiousnesa,
compensation to be paid by her; to get
moral depravity; {tun.) recreation in the
through, have done (* with a.th.), be
country, summer vacation
through, have gone through s.th. (*,

e.g., a hard day); to impart (Je * s.th. J^ kaula fool, dolt, simpleton
 ^lU. käli': jlUI ^JU- k. al-'idär un- oome or go frequently (Jl to), frequent,
restrained, uninhibited, wanton; liber- patronize (Jl a place), visit frequently
tine, debauchee, roue, rake (Jl s.o., s.th.), come and go (Jl at); to

come, descend (J* upon s.o.; said of

fjljt maklü" unrestrained, uninhibited,
afflictions ), befall, overtake { J* s.o.
wanton; wild, unruly; reckless, heedless,

irresponsible ; crazy, mad X to appoint as successor or vicar (* s.o.)

<Jil>- half back, rear, rear part or

<jA>- kalafa u to be the successor (• of s.o.),
portion; successors; kalfu and JA±- j*
succeed (» s.o.); to follow (• s.o.), come
min kalfu (adv.) at the back, in the
after s.o. (); to take the place of s.o.
rear; kalfa (prep.) behind, after, in the
(•), Substitute (• for s.o.); to replace (•

b.o., * s.th.); to lag behind s.o. (je-); to

rear of | LfiU- ^^ he ran after her; j*
<Jii>- min halft behind, in the rear of ; j*
stay behind (je after s.o.'s departure);
i_ji^ I from behind, from the rear ; <jAi^ I
Jl
to be detained, be held back, be kept
to the rear, backward, back; »^tJl <Jil»- Jl
away, atay away (je from) II to appoint
in the wake of s.th.; iJalA-'i j in the rear;
as successor {» s.o.); to leave behind,
at the back, in the background
leave (*, • s.o., s.th.); to have descend-
ants, have offspring III to be contra- Jj^-
halft rear, bind, hinder, back
dictory, contrary, opposed (* to) ; to
JA»~ hilf pl. J»lU-l akläf teat, nipple,
conflict, clash, be at variance (a with);
mammilla
to contradiot (• s.o., * s.th.); to be
iJiU- kulf dissimilarity, disparity, dif-
different, differ, diverge (* from), be
ference, contrast, variance, discrepancy
inconsistent, incompatible, not in keep-

ing, not to harmonize {* with); to offend u-aU- kalaf pl. Ji*>Ul akläf Bubstitute;
(* against a command, a rule), break, successor ; deacendant, offspring, soion
violate, disobey (* a command, a rule)
ÜU- kilfa dissimilarity, disparity, dif-
IV to leave {» offspring, children); to
ferenoe; that which foüows s.th. and
compensate, requite, recompense (J*
replaces it (e.g., second growth of plante,
s.o.; said of God); to break, fail to keep
day and night, etc.)
(•-Uj wadahü one's promise), go back
on one's word; to disappoint (»1*^1 ar- LLl>- kalifa pl. »UU- kulafä' 3 , «Ju*^-

rajä'a the hopes) V to stay behind; to kalä'ip vicar, deputy; successor; caliph;

lag or fall behind (je-); to stay, stay on, (formerly) senior official of the native

remain; to fail to appear or show up; administration in Tunis, assigned to a

to play truant; to be absent; to stay OjÜ; (formerly) title of the ruler of

away (je from), not go (je to), not Spaniah Morocco

attend (je s.th.) | #^1 je, ijjjt (majV)
4-J-U-' I ükll al-minfaqa al-kalifiya
to fail to come or arrive; »i^JI je ijiijc
the Caliphate Zone (formerly, designation
('auda) not to return VI to disagree, of Spanish Morocco)
differ, be at variance; to differ in opinion,
ü^U- kiläfa vicarship, deputyship
be of a different mind VIII to differ, be
succession; caliphate, office or rule of
different, vary (je from); to be varied,
a caliph; (formerly) administrative de-
varying, variable, various, diverse, dis-
partment of a LLU- (Tun.), see above
similar; to vary (^ between); to dis-
agree, differ in opinion, be at variance, Jj^lji mikläf pl. <JaJ\£ makälif*
argue, quarrel, dispute (j about); to province (Yemen)
 ;
;

cjU-

Ji-^U- fctJä/ pl. -öi difference, disparity, contradictory, contrasting, conflicting;

disaimilarity; divergence, deviation; con- tranagressor (of a command)

trast , contrariety , incongruity , contra-
i_**ly- mutakaÜif residual; left over;
diction, conflict; disagreement, difference
retarded , backward, underdeveloped
of opinion (J* or j about); dispute,
(mentally, in growth, etc.); pl. -ün one
controveray; kiläfa (prep.) beside, apart
left behind; straggler; pl. oUl»»i* herit-
from, aside from | 4J->U- kiläfyhü (= »jJ.)
age, legacy, estate ; leftovers ; scraps,
other, the like, ^"^U- othera (than thoae
refuse, offal | <Al*w *ij\ (atriba) waete
mentioned), <i:>U-j and the like (after an
material, overburden, superstratum (in
enumeration) ; <J>-$J£ bi-kiläß beside,
mining); üU*dl »Lil (miyäh) waste water,
apart 'from, aside from; oontrary to, as
opposed to, unlike; J U">U- kiläfan U
contrary to, against, in contradiction to; »jJiji muktalif different, varying,

«fjljJf^j- J* unlike that, contrary to divergent (^ from); varied, varioue,

that, on the contrary, on the other diverse; having a different opinion, dis-

hand agreeing (j or J* about)

j
1

^»- Jciläfi controveraial, disputed (*-i*) «-i «JJiJft mukUüaf jxhx (

alaihi)

controversial, disputed
iilijt- mukälafa pl. -ät contrast, con-
trariety ; contradiction, inconsistency jU- kalaqa u (kalq) to create, make, originate
contra vention, infringement, violation (* s.th.); to Bhape, form, mold (* s.th.);

misdemeanor (jur. ; as distinguished from — kaliqa a and hüuqa u to be old, worn,

öü> and *jbjr); fine (for a misdemeanor) shabby (garment); — kaluqa u («ÖU-
kaläqa) to be fit, suitable, suited II to
.Jjjfi" takalluf staying away, non-
perfume (* s.th.) IV to wear out (* s.th.),
appearance, nonattendance, nonpresence,
let {* s.th.) become old and shabby
abaence, truancy (also jj~*A-' J* <J*&);
staying behind, staying on ; stopover
V pass. of II; to be molded, be shaped (<~>

(railroad); backwardness
by a model or pattern), change (<~> with
a model) ; to become angry VI II to
iktiläf pl. -ät difference, dis-
invent, contrive, devise (* s.th.) ; to
aimilarity, disparity; diversity, variety;
fabricate, concoct, think up (* s.th.);
variant, Variation; difference of opinion,
to attribute falsely {* J* to s.o. s.th.)
disagreement ; controveray | J» <*J\
ÄJjAil i_^l-UI <J*^>-I (raiya, dvnxya) the jU- kalq creation; making; origination;

subjects of every (== irrespective of s.th. which is created, a creation; crea-

their) religious denomination; ^^te*-\ J» tures; people, man, mankind; physical

Constitution
j-1j>-I whichever party they may belong
to; Ifi*^-! J* ^\jii\ all the different jU- kvlq, kuluq pl. j^U-l akläq innate
fruits, fruits of every kind peculiarity; natural disposition, charac-

Üjüt maklüfa pl. -ät camel saddle ter, temper, nature; — pl. j"^-t akläq
character (of a person) ; morals morality ;
|

Jjjc mukaüaj left, left behind; Ieft y

jUM ^<
jJL^I *y* sü al-k. ill nature;
over; pl. oUiit heritage, legacy, estate;
sayyi' al-k. ill-natured; j\X J^- saht al-k. I

ecraps, leftovers
complaisant, obliging; jLUI dayyiq j^
»Jj Lift mukälif divergent, varying, al-k. impatient, restless ; j">U- V I i*

different ; inconsistent, incompatible, 'Um al-a. ethics; moral science, morals;

 . ;

259

J^^l I yr aumüw ol-a. nobility of created beings; pl. Jj"3U- kalä'iq* crea-
character; J'^U-Vl {j£*> noble manners, tures, created beings

high moral Standards; J'^U-'Vl «i^i Surfat

j^l akläqi moral; ethic(al); ethicist,
aha. vice aquad
moral philosopher |
j-^-l *^»- (jurm)

Jl»- kulqi ethic(al), moral | i-Ü>- /!/»- offense against public morals; ü—LÜl
offenses against public morals «J^"^' (falaafa) moral Bcience, moral
philoaophy; ethics
JiU- kalaq (m. and f.) pl. üUU- Jndqän,
3~ÄJ-\ akläq shabby, threadbare, wom «^ÖU-I akldqiya morality, moral practioe
(garment)
JliU- kulqäni dealer in old clothes
üU- Jcilqa pl. jJU- Jcilaq creation; innate
jJ U- käliq creative ; Creator, Maker
peculiarity of character, natural diapo-
(God)
sition, natura; Constitution; physiogno-
my; kilqatan by natura 3j& maklüq created; (pl. -ät, jJIJt
makäliq1 ) creature, created being
Jl». kilqy natural, native, congenital,
innate, inborn, inbred jLit muktaliq inventor, fabricator (of
untruths)
Ül»- kalaqa rag, tatter
jLJfc muktalaq fabricated, trumped
J-jU- kaläq share (of positive qualities,
up, invented, fictitioua; apooryphal; pl.
of religion) | *J J^U- V (fea/äga) disgrace-
-ät lies, falsehoods, fabricationa, fictiona
ful, ignominious, deapicable; a worthless
fellow, a good-for-nothing
,>!!* kalqin pl. jä'^U- kaläqin7 caldron, boiler,
"
j-U- fcaZij pl. »LiU- kulaqä* 2 fit, quali- kettle

fied, suitable, appropriate (<^, J for

I
^JU- kalanj heath, erica (bot.)
s.th., jl to do s.th.); apt (ül to do s.th.);
in keeping with (>-*), adäquate (>-* to), a üUj-U- hulungän (eg.) (rhizome of) galingale
worthy («_* of) j
öl ü^LU- j^ it is (would (Polypodium Calaguala Kz.; bot.)

be) only fair that we ..., we should ...,

we ought to . . . ; jl jJ»-^* he is apt to . (j\*-) ">U- kalä u (kulüw, *~£+ kalä') to be

—
.
.,

it is only natural for him that he . .

empty, vacant; (kulüw) to be free
.

Uj* OjSÖ ül \Xf J-U- (mu'liman) this is (j+ or je- from) ; to be devoid {j- of s.th.),

apt to be painful, it is only natural that lack, want (j* s.th.), be in need (j- of);

this is painful; üL Li*UJ ül *äA+ *j—i »Jäi

to be vacant (office) ; — (#>!*- kalwa) to be

{twpii'anä) no more than a quick glance alone (<-*, Jl, *• with s.o., Jl also: with

is apt to convince us that or in s.th.); to isolate o.a., seclude o.a.;

. .

to withdraw, retire (iljl-ull li-l-mudäwala

jjl*- kalüq of firm character, stead- for deliberation; court, Jury); to with-
faat, upright
draw for spiritual communion, in Order

jl»- 1 ablag* more adequate, more to take counsel (Jl with); to devote o.s.,

appropriate, more natural apply o.a., give one's attention (J to

s.th.); *j •£»- to forsake, desert s.o., leave
Maker (God)
<5t>U- kalläq Creator,
a.o. in the luroh; — to pass (» s.o.), go
ÜJU- kaliqa the creation, the universe by s.o. (»); to pasa, elapae, go by, be
created by God; nature; natural dispo- bygone, past, over (time) ji-\ *J •&-
|

aition, trait, characteristic ; creaturea, (jaww) to have free Bcope, have freedom
 ; . ;

* 260

of aotion; JU-. & jfc II (jamäl) it is country |

."^1 £** or *^X-\ j under
not without a certain beauty; j* j)j£ V the open sky, outdoors, in the open air;
UIU (mubäla§a) it is slightly exaggerated OÜ-'I c~u bau al-Jp. toilet, water closet
»J2\i j* ^Ü£ V it is not quite UBeless;
*j[+ kalwa pl. fealawät privacy, soli-
».. fi;
J[ ^U- to be alone with o.a.; to
tude ; Beclusion, Isolation, retirement
commune with o.s., take counsel with
place of retirement or seclusion, retreat,
o.s., search one's heart; d\y^ jl* i-.
recess; secluded room; hermitage; re-
tlJU- mundu 'aSri sanawätin fcalat for the
ligious assembly hall of tbe Druses;
past ten yeare II to vaoate, evacuate
booth, cabin |
l^~ J* alone; in retire-
(a s.th.); to leave, leave alone (• s.o.);
ment, in seclusion ; *\J-\ ^1»- Jp. al-
to release, let go (« s.o., * s.th.); to desist,
hammäm bathhouse
abetain, re&ain fa from), give up (j^
s.th.) tL-
(aabilahü) to let s.o. off, tfjU- kalaw lonely, solitaxy, secluded,
J»-
|

isolated, outlying; looated in the open

let s.o. go, release s.o.; Joj u^i ,jo J*>

»,—JI to give s.o. a free hand in, let s.o.

country, rural, rustic, country |
j^)*- Cw
(bau) country house
have bis own way with or in, let s.o.

alone with; to open the way for s.o. to; 1 alfliyä' % free (j* from),
J» l&diy P-* »W^
-'

ijjjll *\* dt* J»- Jpalli 'anka h. l-muyüia void, devoid (j* of) |
JUI J»- carefree,
desist from such desires! IT to empty, eaaygoing, happy-go-lucky
void, drain, deplete (j* * s.th. of); to
ÄJU- kallya pl. l/^U- kaläyä beehive ; cell
vacate, leave uninhabited or untenanted
(frtoZ.) | O JjVl iijJ-l ^1 {al-hayawiya
(* a place); to evacuate (a a city) | J»>l
l-ülä) protoplasm ; irj*- j» from within ....
4JL- (aabilahü) to let s.o. off, let s.o. go,
from inside . . ., out of . .

release s.o.; J J-jJI J*-l to open the way

for...; J»-l (tarafahü) to dismiss, •VJfc mikläh nosebag
**J*
discharge s.o., send s.o. away; to exoner- Luc taJpliya vaoating, evacuation
ate, exoulpate, clear s.o.; J <*r* J»tl
»^U-l \%U£ emptying, voiding, draining;
(«xm'aAü) to be all ears for..., listen
Clearing; vaoating, evacuation 4JL— »-^-1
intently to...; Jji L. joj <m J*-l to
|

%. sabilihi bis release

let b.o. say whatever he Ukes, let s.o.

talk freely V to give up, relinquish, forgo, Jit tajfollin relinquishment, abandon-
abandon (j* or j» s.th.), withdraw, ment, surrender, renunciation, resigna-
resign (j^ or j» from); to cede, leave, tion (jf- of s.th.)

surrender (J j* s.th. to s.o.); to lay

*'£i*-\ iktilä* privaoy, solitude
down (j* an office) VIII to retire, with-
draw, step aside, be alone (i~> or « with) ijU- feälin empty, void; open, vaoant
(office, position) ; free, unrestiained,
jU- kilw free (j* from), devoid (j* of) untrammeled, unencumbered; free (j*
from), devoid (j* of) in numerous
j{+ kuiüw emptiness, vacuity; freedom |

(& from) Compounds corresponding to Engl, -leas

or un-, e.g., *-U*U!l j* JU- useless, j* JU-

•J*- Jfalä and ">U- U (with foll. aco. or
jtSC-JI {auJfcfcön) uninhabited, untenanted,
genit.) except, save, with the exception
unocoupied; ^/JJl JU- £öZ» d-dain not
of
bound by, without Obligation to, free

••$>- fcalä' emptiness, vacuity; empty (<> from) ; JUI JU- oarefree, easygoing,
Space, void, vacanoy, vacuum ; open happy-go-lucky; — (pl. Jl^- £oi«Stfn)
 - ;

261

past, bygone (time) [

3Jl£l öjjJi\ the past fermentation (* in); to harbor, entertain
centuriea; JI^J-'I fl/ill j fi l-ayyämi h (* a.th.}; to bear a grudge, feel reaent-
kawäli in the daya past ment <J against s.o.) V to ferment, be
a atate of fermentation to
> kamma u (kämm) to aweep (* a room) ; — in ; rise (dough)
to veil the head and faoe (woman) VI to
i u {kämm, Aji- kumüm) to exude a
conspire, plot, collude, scheme, intrigue
rotten, foul smeü; to rot, putrify, decay
(J* against) VIII to ferment, be in a
/- kumm pl. *U» I akmäm coop, state of fermentation; to rise (dough);
chicken coop, brooder; poultry pen to become ripe, ripen (also fig.: an idea
Ü~ kamma putrid amell, stench in s.o. 's mind)

>U- kämm stinking, rotten, putrid, ji- kamr m. and f., pl. jji- kumür
foul-amelling; kam look up alphabetically wine; pl. alcoholic beveragea, liquor

A mukimm stinking, rotten, putrid, •jj- kamra wine

foul-smelling
iSj*~ kamri golden brown, reddish
brown, bronze-colored (actually, wine-
£> kamija a (kamaj\ to spoil, rot, decay
colored)
ij~ kamada u (jji- kumüd) to go out, die
<iji- kamriya pl. -ät wine poem,
(fire); to abate, aubside, let up, calm
bacchanalian verse
down, cease, die down IV to extinguish,
put out (* fire); to calm, appease, j\j* kimär pl. Sji-I akmxra, jf- kumur
placate, aoothe, lull, still, quiet {* s.th.);
veil covering head and face of a woman
to suppreas, quell (* a.th.); to subdue, j\i- kumär aftereffect of intoxication,
soften, deaden, dull (* a.th.); to atifle, hang-over
amother, kill (* a.th.; fig.)
jj* kamlr leavened (dough); ripe,
jji- kumüd extinction ; decline, de- mature, mellow; leaven; leavened bread
generation, deterioration ; quietneas, still-
yJ- kamlra pl. J\j* kamä'ir* leaven;
neaa, tranquillity, calm ; immobility,
ferment; barm, yeast; enzyme (ehem.);
motionlesaness
(fig.) atarter, nucleus, basis (from which
jU-I ikmäd extinction, putting out; s.th. greater develops)
calming, aoothing, placation, appease
ment, lulling, atilling; subduing, soften
j\j* kammär wine merchant, keeper
of a wineshop
ing, dulling; settlement; auppreaaion,
quelling (of a riot) «jli- kammära wineshop, tavern
-UU- kämid dying; abating, subaiding; jj* kimmir winebibber, drunkard,
calm, tranquil, still, quiet tippler, eot

y- kamara u (kamr) and II to cover, hide, _r~j£ takmir leavening, raising (of

conceal (* s.th.) ; to leaven, raise (* dough); fermenting, fermentation

dough); to ferment (* s.th.), cause jl^-l iktimär (process of) fermentation
fermentation (* in) III to penneate,
pervade s.th.), mix, blend (* with);
j_j*jt makmür drunk, intoxicated,
(*
inebriated
to posseas, seize, overcome {• s.o., e.g.,

an idea, a feeling) IV to leaven, raise (* j*ijt muktamir fermenting, fermented;

dough); to ferment (* s.th.), cause alcoholic
 ;

t^***"

^j-i- II to quintuple, make fivefold, multiply ^jLi- kamaSa % u (kamS) and II to Scratch (*

by five (* B.th.); to make pentagonal e.g., the face, the skin, with the nails)

(* s.th.); to divido into five parts {*

^ii- kamS pl. ^j*- kumüS Scratch,
s!th.)
Scratch mark, scar
^jj- kuma pl. ^li-l ajcmös one fifth |

i-^i daraba akmdsahü

<i.\j- kumäSa pl. -ät Scratch, scar
<J.l-1 j <^1>-I ß
asdäsihi and ^l-u-V L-li-l
Vj™* ('*"
^jaJ» kamaßa u and kamipa a to be empty,
asdäsin) to rack one's brain in eearch
hungry (stomaoh)
of a way out; to be at one's wit's end; to
scheine, Intrigue ,jM-r- kami$, jkül +j-
xJ
k . al-bafn ,

LU-I ^j- k. al-haSä with an empty

i-> Jcamsa (f. ^,-i- Awma) five
stomach, hungry
jtt. <-i- kamsata 'aSara (f. •_,!* ^,-i-
(•JjJl (j-ai^l ajcmap al-qadam pl. ,jA.U-'
kamsa 'a&rata) fifteen
akämip hollow of the sole (of the foot) |

j^-> kamsün fifty |

,>—*£! -Lp 'wJ
^XÜl yu-\ Jl ^\j\ j- from head to toe
l

<z/-fc. Whitsuntide, Pentecoat; ,>—*J^I -i»-l

akl a/-fc. Whitsunday ; j^-Li-' '

W ayyäm «#• kama'a a (kam', fji- kumü') to limp,
f
al-kamäsin the period of about 50 days walk with a limp
between Easter and Whitsuntide; J^Jt-
Ji- kamala u (JjJ- ^umüZ) to be unknown,
and j^M- khamain, a hot southerly wind
obscure, undistinguished ; to be weak,
in Egypt
languid
J__i- o-p 'id karrwini 50th anniver-
Ji- kamt and <ü- kamla nap, the
sary
rough, hairy Burface of a fabric ; fibers
rxt- kamis and _ -x*tl *y_ yaum al-k.
_
l ( r

Thuraday juJ-J u^i- k. al-jasad Corpus

| J> kamü languid, sluggish, dull,

Christi Day (Chr.); ^Ü\ tJ k. al-fifh, ^ listless

jl^^l ,j-i*- k. cU-asrär, and i^Jl (_ r±i- Jji- fcumäJ obscurity; weakness, laa-
k. al-ahd Maundy Thuraday (Chr.)
situde, languor, lethargy; indolence, slug-

^li- kammäa pl. i— l*- kamämüa gißhness, inactivity; apathy, indifference;

(magr.) sharecropper receiving one fifth sleepiness, drowBiness

of the crop ÜJ- kamila kamä'ü* place

pl. J3U-
^l>- kumäsi fivefold, quintuple with luxuriant tree growth; thicket,

consisting of five consonants (gram.) |

brush, scrub

\j\jß ^*li- (zawäyä) pentagonal, five-

J.U- kämü unknown, obscure, un-
cornered
distinguished, unimportant, minor ; weak,
i_x*> tcumaim (mor., pronounced languid, sluggißh
kmiaa)omament in the shape of a hand
JJt mukmal velvet-like fabric, velvet
(worn by women and children as a
talisman against the evil eye) Jjt mukmali velvety |
JJft oU- (?'»W)

deerekin, buckskin
^U-'l al-kämis the fifth

mukammas pentagonal, five- A*- II to guess, oonjecture, surmise; to

(_ r*jt
cornered; pentagon; fivefold, quintuple; make conjectures (* as to); to assess,
appraise, estimate (* s.th.)
O pentameter
 ; ;

263

J-.-J& takmin appratsal, assessment, ,^-Utl al-kannäs epithet of the Devil (proper-

estimation; L~*J£ takminan and JiJt J* ly speaking, he who withdraws when the
approximately, roughly name of God is mentioned)

yJ&-
l
mukammin appraiser, assessor
UJ*~\ aknas
1
, f. »LJU- kansa s , pl. ( _ri>-
kuns pugnosed
1
j>- kanna % (j^^- kanln) to speak nasally,
nasalize; to twang, speak through the jLli»- kin&är fern (6o(.)
nose
(j^sjöi &f'n-natt£ pl. ^^aJU*- foznänts 2 piglet
dj- kunna nasal twang
2
J-.'^- kanln twanging, nasal twang ^^j^- kinsir pl.
_r^U*- kanöfir little finger |
^U-'l) -li* to give s.th. top
^^aiA-'I
j^-1 akann 2 , f. »U»- kanna 2 twanging, J* {_r

rating because of its excellence, put s.th,

speaking through the nose
above everything «lse
2
y*-
l
kunn (= f- kumm) pl. jL»-l aknän coop,
mL>- kana'a a {fj-*- kunü') to yield, surrender
chicken coop, brooder
bow, atoop (J or Jl to s.o.), humble o.s.

ijjt kanita a to be soft, effeminate V to cringe (J or Jl before s.o.)

display effeminate manners, become or

fy*~ kanü' submissive, servile, meek,
be effeminate
humble ; treacherouB, perfidious, diß
£j^ £an& oft, effeminate loyal

J^- kunlä pl. £>U»- kinät, jU*- kanätä

fy*- kunü' Bubmissiveness, meekness,
hermaphrodite servility

ÄJjöi kunüta effeminacy

<J*lJ- kanaf {eg.) twanging, nasal twang
£jj£ takannut effeminacy
jALJ- kanfara to snuffle, snort
vijjc mukannat bisexual; effeminate;
powerless, impotent, weak Je*- kunfus and »l—k*- kunfusa pl. ^U»-
2
kanäfia düng beetle, scarab
j*y**- kanjar pl. j*-L»- kanäjir 2 dagger
>- kanaqa u [kanq) to choke (» s.o.); to
j»^S- kankana to nasalize, speak nasally; to euflbcate, stifle, smother, strangle, throttle,
twang, speak through the nose choke to death to throttle down
(» s.o.);

(techn. ; * s.th.) ; to slow down, cut, check,

<3-L*- kandaqa to dig a ditch or trench (liii^- )

to take up positions, prepare for battle

suppress (j> s.th.) III to quarrel, have a
fight (« with s.o.) VI to quarrel, dispute,
Jii»i. kandaq pl. J-ili»- kanädiq 2 ditch;
have a fight (« with s.o.) VII pass. of I;
trench
VIII to be throttled, be suppressed; to

^unzuwämya megalomania be tight, constricted (throat); to be

vl»-A*L
strangled, be choked to death
c-j-^ji- kanzab Satan, Devil
Ji>- kanq strangling, Strangulation
j-j*>- kinzvr pl. _rjli*- kanäzlr 2 swine, pig, throttling, suppression j
jl^Vl Ji^ k.

h°g: <£J JS*~ (barri) wild boar; yjL»- al-anwäT dim-out

scrofula, scrofulosis (mei.)
oJl ÄÄiai kanqat (kunqat) al-yad wrist
*/ j*>- feMtzwa sow
JL»- kunäq auffocation; angina (med.);
jy jLj^ Äaznäztr» scrofulous kunäq and J>Jl*- känüq quinsy, diphtheria
<J^

(med.); pl. Jij^ katväniq* and £J^ o\f*- kutvän, kitvän pl. Z^-\ akwina, ,^jU-i
fcowänig2 do. ajeävnn* table [ ij J I <j^»- k. az-zina
dreasing table
JL*- kannäq choking, throttling, stran-
gling
**v*- &äpa («ffO teacher, schoolmaater

J^jt maknaq neck, throat [

*ij*f »JU-i
rj>- II (ep.) to rot, decay, spoil
to grab s.o. by the throat, bear down on
s.o.; to have power over s.o. ry- kauk (coli.; n. un. 1) peach (e#.);

plum (syr.)
JL*- kinäq strangling oord; neck,
throat (dayyaqa) to *^-j»- kauka pl kuwak sky -
J* jLA^ J~^ rj»-
I .
|

tighten the grip around s.o. 's throat, light, windowlike opening; wicket (of a
tread on s.o. 's neck, oppress s.o., beaet canal lock, of a gate); (eg.) alley con-
s.o. grievously; oljjc JU-I to grab s.o. by necting two streeta

the throat
»jjji- küda pl. -ö*, jjji- kuwad helmet
Jbj^ fctnäg and ÜU»- kinäqa quarrel,
fight, row
1
(j_j«^) jU- fcära u (j|>»- fcwwäf) to low, moo

Jbji- asphyxia-
(cattle) ; — jj^- kawira a {jj»- jcatvar) and
1 iktinäq suffocation,
jU- kära u to decline in force or rigor; to
tion; conßtriction; asphyxia (m#f.)
grow weak, apiritless, languid, to languish,

JjU- käniq choking, strangling; suf- flag; to dwindle, give out (strength)
focating, asphyxiating, stirling, smother-
j_jj^ kaur pl. j\j»-\ akuxir, ö\j^- kirän
ing; throttling, throttle- (in Compounds;
inlet, bay
techn.); (pl.Jl]^ kawäniq*) choke coil,
jyi- kawar weakneas, fatigue, enerva-
reactor (radio); gorge, rarine, oanyon j

tion, languor, lassitude

JjU- jU asphyxiating gas; *_-jÖJ1 JJU- £.
ad-di'b wolfsbane, monkshood, aconite jl- kuwär Iowing, mooing
(bot.)
j!^ jcawwdr weak, languid, strength-

Jj^jf- maknüq strangled ; suffooated, less

stifled, smothered; suppressed, choking 2

i£jjt~ küri pl. *Jjl>»- kawärina parson, curate,
(voice, laughter, etc.); constricted; stran-
priest; see also under j^-
gulated; throttled

j^jt muktaniq crammed, jammed, WJj*- bürw choir (of a churoh)

crowded, chock-full (<_j with)

3jj»- kauzaqa to impale (• s.o.); to corner,
drive into a corner, get into a bad rix
(j*- and ^-) 1^*- kanä u, J*- kaniya o (,^-
{• s.o.)
kanan) to use obscene language IV to hit
hard, afflict grievously, wear down, ruin, jj jU- see 3y~
destroy, crush (J* s.o., B.th.; said of fate)
j£j»- 6jj vxiraq kauSaq wrapping paper;
^i- kanan obscene language; s.th.
blotting paper
indecentor obscene; prostitution fornica- ;

tion
1
u^j»- kü$ (coli.; n. un. •) palm Ieaves

\~*ji- küpa (eg.) plaitwork of palm

V'j*" kawäfa pl- 'St sir, Mr. (title and form
leavea (resembling that of Panama hats;
of address, esp., for Christians and
used as a tarboosh lining)
Westerners, used with or without the
name of the person so addressed) A^\jji- kixoäfa art of palm-leaf plaiting
 ;

265 o<r

u*y- kawa§ and ^j»-l ry-

2
aee (_ \J*ij£ takwlf and üU-l ikäfa intimida-
tion, bullying, cowing, frightening, scar
ing

Hui**-) sj*\*- käfa * (£»«& ^^ ittyäd) to ^jyfi takawwuf fear, dread

wade (a into water); to plunge, dive,
«JJU- jfcä't/ pl. ^J_>>- kuwwaf fearful,
rush (* into s.th.), tackle courageoualy
timid, timorous ; scared, frightened,
{* s.th.)» embark boldly (a on); to
alarmed (^ by); afraid (^ of); anxious
penetrate (* orj into), become absorbed,
(Je about), apprehensive (Je for)
engrossed (* or j in); to go into a
subject (j), take up (j a subject), deal ^jji maküf feared, dreaded; danger -

(j with) |
iS^dl ^U- (maVotö) to rush ous, perilous

into battle; i-^J-l j^ t^*^" (giinära Z-Aar&) (Ji-rf- mukif fear-inspiring, frightful,
to enter the war dreadful, terrible, horrible

<i^»- fcawi plunge, rush (into); enter-

(_ / J'U- look up alphabetically
ing, entry (into, e.g., into war, into
negotiations) ; penetration ; search J_^»- II to grant, accord, give, concede (* » to
(j
into), examination, discussion, treat- s.o. s.th., also * J; esp., the right, the

ment (j of a subject) power to do s.th.), bestow, confer (* »

upon s.o. s.th., also * J), vest, endow

<*i\J£ makäfa pl. -ät, ^jli- makäwid 2
(* » s.o. with s.th., also * J)
ford
JU- käl pl. Jj^-I aJewäl, JjJ^- ku'ül,
»,>&. see ^ *Jj_J»-

kllän)
ku'üla (maternal) unclo;
mole, birthmark (on the face)
— (pl. ü*>L»-

(ij»^»-) tJU- &ä/a (Ist pers. perf. kiftu) a

(kauf, Sili makäfa, *Jui- kifa) to be
O patch, beauty spot

frightened, scared; to be afraid (*, » or iJU- käla pl. -öf (maternal) aunt

j- of), dread (*, » or ^ s.o. or s.th.); to

<-L>*"
kawal chatteis, property, esp.,
fear (*, • or j- s.o., s.th.;
Jp for s.o., for that consisting in livestock and slares;
s.th.; jl that) II and IV to frighten, scare, servants; (eg.) dancer; effeminate person,
alarm, fill with fear (» s.o.) V = I sissy

<Jj>y- kauf fear, dread (^ of); li_>>-

J^- kavXi Supervisor, overseer (of a
kaufan for fear (j* of), fearing (Je for) plantation); gardener

ü-jt- kifa fear, dread (j- of) ku'üla relationship of the

tyj*-

<J>\j»- kawwäf, \Jtuj»- kaunuif faintheart-

maternal uncle

ed, fearful, timid, timorous ; coward, J_jäfi mukawwal authorized (^ to)

poltroon
*U- look up alphabetically
J»_^-l akwaf 2 more timorous; more
dreadful, more to be feared
I
(ü_j>-) jU- käna u (kaun, üL>- kiyäna) to
be disloyal, faithless, false, treacherous,
ülji makäfa fear, dread |
jl üli (makä*
perfidious, act disloyally, treachorously,
fatan) for fear that ..., afraid that ...
perfidiously (9 toward s.o.); to betray
.Jijljt makäivif 2 (pl. zu iilit) fears, (» so.); to cheat, dupe, gull, hoodwink
apprehensions, anxieties ; horrors, dan- (» s.o.), impose (» upon), deceive (<i*"jj

gers, perils one's wife) ; to fool, deceive, mislead

 266
Of-

(• s.o.; said, e.g., of the memory); to ,jj+ fcuwaiy little brother

forsake, let down, desert (» s.o.); to fail

lj>- küwa brotherlinesB, fratemity
(« s.o.; e.g., the voice, and the like); to (= uküiva)
;_j>.|

fail to keep {* e.g., a promise), break (Ixp

jljfi- mukäwin brotherly, fraternal
'ahdan a contract) II to regard as or call
faithlesa, false, disloyal, treacherous,
j\s- kiyär (coli. ; n. un. S) oucumber |
jCJ> jU^
dishonest, unreliable ( s.o.); to distrust,
k. ianbar (eg.) drumstick tree, purging
mistruet (» s.o.) V to impair, härm, hurt,
cassia (Cassia fistula; bot.); «JL* jL*- fc.

prejudice (* B.th.) VIII to dupe, gull,

qaSia (eg.) gherkins, pickles
cheat, deceive, double-cross, betray (•

s.o.) X üJi*^*\ istakwana to distrust, mis- (^^-) uU käba i (i-^ kaiba) to fail, mis-

trust (» s.o.) carry, be without success, be unsucoesa-

ful; to be frustrated, be dashed, be dia-
ÜL*- kiyäna faithlessness, falsenesB,
appointed (hopes); to go wrong II and IV
disloyalty, treachery, perfidy; breach of
to cause to fail; to thwart, frustrate,
faith, betray al; treaeon; deception, fool-
foil, defeat {* B.th.); to disappoint, daah
ing iJL.^1 üL*- k. al-amäna breach of
|

faith; j-Ji* ÄiL>- ('uzmä) high treaeon;

(*J L.T ämöiaÄü s.o.'s hopes) V = I

j^)l 4jL>- breach of promise «-_»- kaiba failure, miscarriage, defeat,

disloyal, frustration; fizzle, flop; disappointment

üjj*- ka'ün faithlesB, false, |

treacherous, perfidious; un-

i-ji. ajj walad fc., f. '*-*- cJJ btnt k. (eg.)
traitorous,
reliable, tricky, deceptive
a good-for-nothing, a ne'er-do-well

ü\j>- kawwän unreliable, faithless, <_JU- kä'ib failing; abortive, unsucceas-

disloyal, treacherous, perfidioua; traitor ful; disappointed

^U kä'in pl, o\j>- kutvwän, ~<Sj>-

( jj.)
jU- Jcära i to choose, make one'a choice
kawana disloyal, faithlesH, false, un- to prefer J* * s.th. to) II to make or let
(

reliable, traitorous, treacherous, per-

(• s.o.) choose ((>> between, j from),
fidiouß; traitor give ( b.o.) the alternative, option or

*jU- and SjU- look up alphabetically

choice (,>j between, j in); to prefer

J* a s.th. to) III to vie, compete (• with

(

*o)y~ look up alphabetically s.o.); to make or let (• s.o.) choose, give

(• s.o.) the choice, option or alternative

^äj*" kawä i {*\j>- kawä', t$j*- kawan) to be
— V to choose, seleot, pick (*, • s.o., s.th.)
empty, be hungry; kawiya a (*\yi-
VIII to choose, make one's choice; to
kawä*) to be empty, bare, dreary,
choose, Belect, elect, pick (*, • s.o., s.th.),
desolate, waste
fix upon s.o. or s.th. (*, •); to prefer
1
*\j»- kawä and ,jj>- kawan eraptiness Äl jltf-l (?'»<
(J* * s.th. to) |
... >j\yr Jl
(of the stomach), hunger the Lord has taken
wärihi) approx. : . .

jU käwin empty, vacant; dreary, unto Himself X to seek or request what

waste, desolate | <%j. J* jU- ('urüSihi) is good or best (*) for o.s. (• from s.o.);

completely devastated; ,j-»lj>)l ^jl»- fc. to consultan oracle, cast lots | j ^il jUc--1

l-wifäd (= ^Ijjll JU) with an empty to ask God for proper guidance in

pouch, empty-handed, without a catch akyär

j± kair pl. jL± kiyär, jU-l

.jji- III to join (• s.o.), join the Company of good; excellent, outstanding, auperior,

{*), accompany (* s.o.)

admirable ; better ; best ; — (pl. jj^-
 267

kuyür) good thing, blessing ; wealth, of one's own accord, spontaneously,

property; — good, benefit, interest, voluntarily
advantage; welfare; charity ^-Lll j*i-
| jjLi».l iktiyäri voluntary, facultative,
the best of all people; ^Ul jl-^.^LIl jL»-l elective (studiea)
the best people, the pick of the human
jjt mukayyar having the choice or
race; iL. jJ- j* he ia better than you;
Option
dil jyi- j* it ia better for you ; jJ-'l
J$* j£\
the very best; fLJl jj-'l ('ämm) the com- jLzift muktär free to choose, having the
monweal, general welfare; fUl! ^1 Üjj choice or option (j in), volunteering,
welfare State; j£ for the benefit of; jJ-' jjbjc mitktäran (adv.) voluntarily, spon-

-4—ij! ft-fc. anjuaihim for their owngood; taneously, of one's own accord; choice, se-
j*AM Jl>l charitable deeds; jX\ ^L» lect, exquisite ; chosen, preferred, favorite

jsaÄdA al-k. and j4-'b dL-L*» good rnom- a favorite; oljUJc selection, selected writ-
ing! jJ-'L» »jTj (daJbaraAö) to retain a good ings, anthology; (pl. jrüljft makätir*) vil-

Impression of s.o.; to speak well of s.o. lage chief, mayor of a village (Syr., Ltb.,
Ir.)
iSj*- <&»*'*"» charitable, beneficent, be-
nevolent, philanthropic | <ij^- «-**; {jam* öb>*- aee j>-
'lya) oharitable Organization
(u-i*-) o- ^*" &**** * (tri*- &***> öl—*»- kayasän)
*ij*~ kairiya charity, charitableness, to break (<_> an agreement, a promise)
benevolence, beneficence
_^ui-
t
kaiS sackcloth, sacking, canvas
j± kayyir generous, liberal, openhand-
Üii- kaiSa piece of sackcloth; (pl. -ät,
ed, munifioent; charitable, beneficent,
,_£>*- kiyaS) sack; straw mattress, pallet;
benevolent; benign, gracious, kind
Bedouin tent
•jnri- kaira pl. -ät good deed, good
*
thing; pL olj^- resources, treasures (e.g., f
j ! » see *i»-

of the earth, of a country), boons, blesa-

(ia-^) J»U- käfa i (kaif) and II to sew, stitoh
ings
(* B.th.)
»j-ui- klra and kiyara the best, choice,
J*-*i &a# pl. iy-A kuyüf, JoL^-l afcyöf,
prime, flower, pick, eüte
öLU->- H£dn thread; twine, oord; pack-

<Ss*- £**"» gülyflower (bot.) thread, string; Aber | JJ lut- &. arnaJ a
spark of hope, a thread of hope
jyi-\ akyar*, f. ^jyi- kträ, ^jj*- kürd,
pl. j-U-l akäyir* better, superior (_J
L=^ kaift threadlike; fibrous

jL>- kiyär choice; Option, exercise of -UL»*- &työf needle

the power of choioe (/«/. Law); refusal,
ܻL>- fciyd^a sewing; needlework, tailor-
right of withdrawal (lal. Law) ; the best,
ing, dressmaking | ܻLi-" I ilT sewing
choice, prime, flower, pick, elite; see also
machine
alphabetically
J»L*f- kayyäf pl. -ün tailor
iSj\*- biyün optional, facultative;
voluntary
«LL»- kayyäfa pl. -ä( dressmaker; seam-
Btress
jL^-1 iktiyär choice; eleotion (aiaopol.;
.LJt mikyaf needle
pl. -ät); selection; preference <J* to);
Option; free will (phüoa.); L>L=»-I iktiyäron •luU- fcö'if tailor
 268
J^
'(J^O ^ köla a to i magine, fancy, think,
to oonaider,
JL^- kayäli imaginary, unreal; ideal,
ideational, conceptual; utopian
believe, suppoae (ül that);

deem, think (» * s.o. to be ..., * * B.tb.

J-^-l akyaP more coneeited, haughtier,
to be ...), regard (•* s.o. as, ** s.th. as)
prouder
II to make (Jl s.o.) believe (jl that),

to * give J--I akyai pl.

J_^ kll, j>UI akäyil*
suggest (Jl s.o., s.th.), s.o. (Jl)

öl (*J) *JI J-ii green woodpeoker

the impreasion that (*) |

(kvyyila) he imagined, fancied, thougbt *•&:+- fpuyalä'* (f.) coneeit, coneeitedness,

that..., it seemed, it appeared to him haughtiness, pride; OLX' al-kuyalä'a
that . .
. ; cX*- U Jp (kayyalat; Lri^\ haughtily, proudly
being understood) as the heart dictates,
*J>Jl-A kailvla coneeit, ooneeitedness,
i.e., as ohance will have it, at random,
anobbery, arrogance, haughtiness
unhesitatingly IV to be dubious, doubt-
ful, uncertain, intricate V to imagine, iLjt makila coneeit, coneeitedness,

fancy {* s.th.); to present itself, reveal Bnobbery, arrogance, haughtiness; (pl.

itself (J to s.o.'s mind), become the J>IJ£ makäyiP) indication, sign, symptom,
objeet of imagination, appear ( = II characteriBtio; pl. Jjljfr visions, mental

kuyyila; J to s.o.) jJ-'l «J JJt (kaira) images, imagery

|

to suspect good qualitiea in s.o., have J-Jt tafcyil play aoting J—i-sN ,ji fann
|

an inkling of s.o.'a good qualitiea, think^ dramatic art

at-t.

well of s.o., have a good opinion of b.o.

JJfi takayyvl pl. -ät imagination,
VI to pretend (^ J to s.o. s.th., that ...),
phantasy; delusion, hallucination, fancy,
aot (J toward s.o., <-» as if); to feel self-
whim, fantastic notion
important, be oonceited; to behave in a
pompous manner, swagger, strut about; JJe takayyull fantastic, fanciful,

to conceive eccentrio ideas, get all kinds imaginary

of fantastio notions, have a bee in one's iJLi^I iktiycü pride; arrogance, haughti-
bonnet; to appear dimly, in shadowy ness
outline»; to appear, show (J* on), hover
ÜJft mukayyila imagination, phantasy
(Jp about; e.g., a smile about b.o.'s

Ups), flit across, e.g., a shadow JJn mujnl dubious, doubtful, uncer-
(J*
tain, intricate, tangled, oonfused; confus*
aeross s.o.'b face, etc.) VIII to feel self-
ing, bewildering
important, be conoeited; to behave in a
pompous majmer, ewagger, strut about Jliit muktäl coneeited, haughty, ar-
rogant
JL»- kayäl pl. IL^I akyila disembodied
spirit, ghost, specter; imagination; phan- *
j-^ II to gallop (on horseback)
(

tom, apparition ; phantaam, fantasy,

Jj^ kail (coli.) pl. dj^- kuyül horses;
chimera, vision; shadow, trace, dim
horsepower, H.P. |
JJ^I iL- horse rac-
reflection | »ilLi JL^ k. Sakk slightest
ing, horse race
doubt; *\j*m~*i\ JL»- Je. af-fahrä* scareorow;
jLv- kayyäi pl. I, -ün horseman, rider
JUJl (JL*- k. a?-?itt shadow play
*JL>- kayyäia cavalry (/r.; Eg. 1939)
*)!—* kayäia pl. -dt ghost, spirit,

specter; phantom ; phantasm, fantasy, «JLv- \s* sariya kayyäia cavalry

chimera squadron (Eg. 1939)

 269

8
JU- see Jy- fL»- kayyäm tentmaker
1
**- II to pitch one's tent, to camp ; to settle
^ic mvkayyam pl. -ät camping ground,
down; to stay, linger, reet, lie down, lie
camp, encampment

(J* on, (j or lj at a place); (fig.) to reign ***- htm natural disposition, nature, temper,
(e.g., calm, süence, peace, etc.; j or u character; inoünation, bent, tendency
|
at, in), Bettle
(J* over) V to pitch one'a
•u-»i JU-I (eg.) to feel s.o.'s pulse, Bound
tent; to camp s.o. out
•w-. kaima pl. -ät, fL». Jeiyäm, **-
8
f
U- look up alphabetically
Jpiyam tent ; tarpaulin ; arbor, bower
pavilion G <*• bnyyo pl* -& noose

(_j|^ da'aba a (da'b, da ab, <->jj* du üb) to ^AjuIj (Fr. denldle) dantiüa laoe
persist, persevere, be indefatigable, un-
Jj ia dünaq, däniq pl. jj Ijj tJawänt^* an anoient
tiring, tireless (j or J* in s.th.); to go
in for s.th. (J*), apply o.s., devote o.s.
coin, = */« dirham; amall coin; a Bquare
meaaure (Eg.; = 4 aahm = 29.17 m a
)
(J* to), practice eagerjy (J* s.th.)

Ja da'6 pl. (-.j-il a<f «6 habit iijU'la danmark Denmark

jjU'la danmarkl Daniah
Ja da'b, da'ab and vjj-* ^«'«6
persistence, perseverance, tirelessnesa, «—j_^ilaJl ad-dänüb the Danube
indefatigabüity, assiduity, eagerness
Äjli <£äya pl. -ät wet nurse; midwife
Jj da'tft and <_JU dä'ib addicted,
devoted, persistent, aBsiduouB, eager, i_o tJaA&a * (daäft, <_^a (2aM6) to creep, crawl
indefatigable, untiring, tireless
(J» in) (reptile); to proceed, advance, or move
slowly; to go on all fours; to enter (j
_
l-»jo da'ttft untiring, tireless, indefati-
s.th.), come (j infco) ; to steal, creep
gable, persevering, persistent
(*_ij J into a.o.'a heart; of a feeling, e.g.,
J j I ad'ab* more persistent, more doubt); to apread (j over, in, through),
assiduouB pervade, invade
fill, (J a.th.) ; to
gain ground ; to ascendanoy (j
gain
ibla riötia governess, dry nurse, nurse
in s.o.; of a condition, an idea, a Sensa-

£Ja däg pl. -ö( brand (made on cattle, etc.) tion); to Btream in, rush in (of sensationa,

J upon s.o.) |
«Li-1 i_^jj 4J ^a (d.
Jta <iöJ name of the letter j
al-hayäh) to gain vitality II to sharpen,

Uli däliyä dahlia(a) (6o(.) point, taper (* s.th.)

Üb dämä checkera LlaJl i*-jJ lauhat ad-d.

yj d-ubb pl. t-»lol adbäb, i-jj dibaba
|

checker board
bear |
_^^l l^oJI (affgar) Little Bear,
Urea Minor (ortron.); jjTVl «-**" (ai&w)
iilrflj see •Ultfj Great Bear, Urea Major (astron.)
 270

j:> dubbi ursine ^i dabara u (jjt* dubür) tp tum one's

back; to elapse, pasa, go by (time) II to

*o dabba sand hill, mound
make arrangements, make plana (* for),

t^i dabxb creeping, crawling; In- prepare, plan, organize, design, frame,

filtration; influx, inflow, flow (e.g., of devise, concert, arrange, get up, bring

sensations, of Ufe, of vigor) ; reptile about (a s.th.); to hatch (> a plot, etc.);

to contrive, work up (* a rase) ; to

ujLjj dabbäb creeping, crawling, repent,
diiect, conduct, manage, run, engineer,
reptant
ateer, marshal, regulate (* s.th.). be in
iiljj dabbäba pl. -ät tank, armored car charge (* of); to manage well, economize
iU- j 2 (kiftatan) to devise a
i_j.u madabb «-*** Jl J^l
:
1*
v »>•
(* s.th.)
plan ;
|

üjJiJl j j to conduct the course of

(j7mwo6ä*Ä*) from the lower Nile to its
business, be in charge IV to tum one's
mouth
back (j* or J* on s.o.); to flee, run
dö&ba dawäbb* animal,
*j\s pl. vi»-* away; to escape, dodge; to slip away
beast; riding animal (horse, mule, don- V to be prepared, planned, organized,
key) managed; to reflect, ponder (j or * on);
i_ijj duwaibba tiny animal, animalcule; to consider, weigh, contemplate (j or
insect * B.th.); to treat or handle with care,
with circumspection <j s.th.) VI to
^.u mudabbab pointed, tapered
face in opposite directions, stand back to

£2 II to embellish, decorate, adorn, omament back; to be contrary, opposite, opposed;

(* B.th.); to put in good style, formulate, to be inconsistent, incompatible X to

compoee, write down, put down in tum the back (• on s.o.)

writing {* B.th.) j* dubr, dvbur pl. jlol adbär rump

r-Lji dlbäj pl. dababij1 Bilk backside, buttocks, posteriore; rear part,
psi^i
rear, hindpart ; back ; last part, end, tail
brocade |

ji j» behmd, at the back, in the rear;

ij-Ljj dibäja (n. un. of r^i-*) brocade;
from behind, from the rear ; *j a dj
introductory verees or linea, proem,
waiid dvbwahü to turn one's back; to
preamble; face, visage; style, eleganoe
flee, run away
of style; renown, repute, standing,
gj* daban trailing behind, belated,
prestige
late
ryj-Jü tadbij embellishment, adornment,
composition, writing (of
Iji dabra tum (of fate)
omamentation ;

a book) jji* dabür west wind

ol^-u mudabbajät embellishmenta of jjii dabbür pl. jwlj* dabäbir* hörnet;

Speech, fine figures of speech wasp
jyo; tadbir pl. -ät planning, Organiza-
i^Ajj dabdaba to tread, tap
tion; direction, management, disposal,
*jJuy dabdaba sound of footateps, foot- regulation; economy, economization;
—
fall, pitapat; pattering or clattering jjuü tadabir*) measure, move, step
(pl. |

noise; snapping, flapping noise JjU.1 jujJ t. al-manzil housekeeping,

dabädib* point, household management; JjU j^-tf (man*

*jjX>± dabdüba pl. *—oIj-s
zili) do.; oj^ii jjjlJtdb (Ü and jjjljdl 4*1
tip, tapered end
 271
e
4>}*>UI (ittakada) to take the necesaary jj^ dt&iy birdlime
measurea
Jjj daöig sticky, gluey, limy
jLil idbär flight, retreat
iL:> dabaka u (dabk) to stamp the feet; to
jjj tadabbur reflection, meditation (j, dance the dabka (see below)
on), thinking (j about); consideration,
iSji dabka (syr.) a group dance in
contemplation (j of)
which the dancere, lined up with locked
yljj tadäbur disparity, dissimilarity,
arrns or holding hands, stamp out the
contrast
rhythm and sing

j\i däbir past, bygone (time); the

ultimate, utmost, extremity, end; root
<Lj dibla pl. Jo dibal ring
|

*^ti\ j-li jJaJ (däbira S-Sai*) to eradicate, diploma

I^L^ diblöm and *->1j j diblöma pl. -ö<
root out s.th., suppress a.th. radically;
j\j&\ ,j-*Vj (amsi) aometime in the past; ,^-LyJbi di'Mdmöji diplomatic; diplomat

j\x\\ ,j-*ir ._-*i (ka-amsi d-däbiri) to i^UjJüi diblömäsiya diplomacy

vanish into thin air, disappear without
leaving a trace (actually: like yeaterday _^i datara u (j_yi du*ü r ) to fall into oblivion,

gone by) be forgotten, become obsolete, anti-

quated, extinct; to be blotted out,

jX» mudabbir manager, director; ruler,
wiped out, efFaced, obliterated (track by
disposer; leader; ringleader |
JjKll jX,
the wind) II to cover, envelop (• s.o.); to
achemer, intriguer, intrigant
destroy, annihilate (* s.th.) V to wrap
jX* mudbir: "^-Ä-y (/-u mudbiran wa- o.s. (
j in), cover o.s. (j with) VII to be
muqbilan from the rear and from in front or become wiped out, blotted out, ef-
faced, obliterated; to be old; to be for-
a
»jljj dubära (= *j\jj*) packthread, string,
gotten, have fallen into oblivion, be
twine, cord, rope; thread
obsolete VIII iddatara to wrap o.s. (<^ in),

i
-\s dibs sirup, molasses, treacle, esp. of cover o.s. (i_j with)

grapes jUi ditär pl. jo dutur blanket, cover

,
l_r
-j>* dabbüs pl. ^-wlji dabäbis* pin; Bafety jyX» madtür past, bygone, ancient
pin |
j>J&l ^ji* safety pin (time)

^j dabai junk, rubbish, trash; — dabS r* dajja i (dajj, ?^*-i dajxj) to walk slowly
rubblestone, rubble; cruahed rock (used II <-:>LJ1j 4w-j to arm s.o. to the teeth
as su betrat um in macadamizing)
r* dujj (syr.) thrush (zool.)

ijj dabaga a i u (dabg) to tan {* a hide)

*»-,> dujja intense darkness, pitch-
üLij dibäga tanning, tanner's trade darkness

f-lji dabbäg tanner rU: dajäj (coli.) chickens; fowl (as a

lij-U madbaga pl. ijjx. madäbig 2 tan- generic designation)

nery *»-l*-.i dajäja (n. un.) hen; chicken |

^fiti-l ö-U-j d. al-habaS guinea fowl

^a dabiqa a (dabaq) to stick, adhere (i_j to)
to cleave, cling (v to) II to catch with --iLJlj £*-u mttdajjaj bi-8-ftitäh heavily
birdlime (* a bird) armed, bristling with arms
 272

j**i dajira a (dajar) to be embarrassed, be at play the hypocrite, pose aa a friend (• of

a lose s.o.); to cajole, flatter (» B.o.)

daijür pl. jw-li* dayäfir* gloom, *.* dujan gloom, darkness, duskinesa
jj£ i
darkness, dark JJI ^Ij-i dayäji l-laü dark of night

^ j^i da»j*n dark, gloomy »U-I.U mudäjäh hypocriay; flattery,

adulation, sycophancy
M*-i dajala v to deceive, dupe, oheat, take in
swindler, a cbarlatan,
pb däjin dark, gloomy
{J* e.o.); to be a
a quack II to coat, smear (* s.th.); to t-i~* II tadahdaha to waddle
gild (* e.th.); to deceive, dupe, oheat,
^.u-i dahdah and ^1-U-a dahdäh dumpy,
take in (J* b.o.), impose ( J* on)
squat, stocky
J*-a dajl deceit, trickery, bumbug,
_^-i dahara a (dahr, jj*-a duhür) to drive
ewindle
away, chase away (• s.o.); to dislodge,
JLo dajjäl pl. -ün, UL*-U-j dajäjÜa remove (• s.o.); to defeat (* an army)
swindler, cheat, impoater; quack, charla- Till to be driven away, be routed, be
tan (fem. «JUo); Antichrist repelled, be thrown back; to be defeated

J-*-a? tadjll impoature, humbug; ohar- (army) to go under, go to ruin, succumb,

;

latanry, quackery break down, oollapse

jL-aJl indihär banishment, rejeotion;

8 iU-i dijla* the Tigris river
(pl. -äl) defeat (mü.); nun, fall, break-

u dy-* dujün) to be dusky, down, collapae; catastrophe] ü»Öl jU-Jjl

^».i dajana (dajn,

murky, gloomy (day); — (dujün) to ind. al-kaun end of the world

remain, stay; to get used, become ac- _)j»-X* madhür routed, repelled ; ex-
customed, become habituated; to become pelled, caat out; ostracized, banished
tarne, be domesticated II to tarne; to

domesticate {* an animal) | ü**i ö-J-' Cj^a

r^o dahraja to roll (* s.th.) II tadahraja to

roll, roll along ; to roll down

(li-kidmati /.) to put a.th. or b.o. to use

for b.o.» make s.th. or b.o. of Bervice to ,-*-b dähis pl. ij-»-^ dawähis whitlow, felon
b.o. III to flatter, cajole, ooax, wheedle, {med.)
try to win or entioe by gentle courteBy

(• b.o.) IV to be murky, gloomy, over-

^i dahaia a (dahS) to insert, thrust in,

shove in, foiat in, smuggle in VII to

cast (day) ; to be dark (night)
interfere, meddle to mix;

~<*-i dujna, dujunna darkness, gloomi-

gloom ^Ä>o dahada a to be invalid, void, untenable
nesa,
(argument); to disprove, refute, inval-
jj-jl adjan* dark
idste (* an argument) II and IV to dis-

yr
t
\i däjin tarne, tamed, domesticated prove, refute, invalidate (* an argument)
(animal); dark, gloomy i».l* oUlj-*-
|

iJ
+*-* dahd refutation, disproof
(hayawänät) domeetio animalfl
^jiyi duhü4 invalidity, shakiness,
j*-l^i dawäjiii1 poultry weakness, refutability (of an argument
or a olaim)
(j*.*) Lo dajä u to be dark, gloomy, dusky;
to overehadow, oover, veil, shroud, ^U.u midhä4: ^Ua. ^a (da'wä) an

blanket {* s.th.), Bpread (* over) III to invalid, unjustified claim

 273
J~
(yi) U-a dahä u (dahw) to Bpread out, let in, admit, lead in, show in (* s.o.); to
flatten, level, unroll move, take, haul (J* or j * s.th. into);

O ^J- midkan pl. ^l-u madähin to incorporate, include, embody, insert

roüer, steamroller ( j or * * s.th. in); to cause to set in,

bring about, produce, set off, trigger

_^ol iddakara, »j+X* muddakira see _^ö
(J* * s.th. in); to introduce (* s.th., e.g.,

(j-^-j dujcaa dolphin an Innovation, an improvement, J* in

or on s.th.) <*j&\ A*-*\ (madTasa) to
|

J»o dahola u (Jjrfo duhül) to enter (*, lesa send s.o. to school; J* IjwJ J^aI to bring
frequently j, also s.th.), go, step,
Jl, about a change in ...; o^-uS <J* iJUoi
walk, move, come, get (*, j, J( into); to (udkilat) the matter was subjeeted to
penetrate, pierce (*, j, Jl B.th.); to take V
modifications to meddle (j in), in-
possession of s.o. (•), befall, seize (* terfere (j in, with); to interpose, inter-
s.o.; o.g., doubt); to take up (<*4*i a vene to invade
(j in); (J s.th.), in-
post), start at a Job; to enter s.o. 's
(J*) trude, obtrude (j on), disturb (j s.th.);
room or house, drop in on s.o.
(
J*), come to interlock, mesh, gear VI to meddle
to see s.o. (J*); to call on s.o.
(J*); to (j in, e.g., *JjJ-i j in s.o.'s affairs), butt
consummate the marriage, cohabit, sleep in (ijJi-l j on a conversation) ; to
(lj or
J* with a woman); to come (J* interfere (j in, with), interpose, inter-
over s.o.; e.g., joy); (pram.) to be added vene (j in); to interlock, mesh, gear; to
(J* to); to supervene, enter as a new be superimposed ; to intergrade, shade,
(J* upon
factor, aspect, element, etc.
blend ( tJ A*j or ^mi j *-i*j one into the
s.th.), be newly introduced
(J* into other) ; to come over s.o. {»), befall, strike,
s.th.); to make one'a own, acquire (J* seize {« s.o.; e.g., doubt, grief)
s.th.); to join, enter (* or j e.g., a
religious Community); to participate, J»o dakl income; revenues, receipt«,
take part {* in); to set in, begin (time, returns, takings (as opposed to r->-
event); to be included (j in; also jr* karj); interference, intervention ; doubt,

dimna), fall, come ( j, jtf , c^ under), misgiving |

J*-uJI <r>j-* income tax; Lrd
belong, pertain (j, yf f c~* to), be V J*o j,\ *J (ayyu daklin) and J^a V
within s.th. (j, je*, v^*:); pass.: dukila u or jj (dakla) he should not meddle

to be sickly, diseased, abnormal in he has nothing to do with it is

J* J*o
. . ., . . .,
j

Jj-Uj j-Vl (ta'diZun) the matter has none of his busineas

undergone modification; ~<*jX\ J»o (£w2-

J*o dakdl disturbance, derangement,
»w) to take up one's post, start at a job,
disorder, imbalance, or defect of the
report for work; 1-jAll J»o (»wairaaa)
mind; defeot, infirmity
to enter school; »L-ll
J^j (minä') to
enter the harbor, put inj f^-ifil j J^j IU-j dikla intrinsic nature, essence
to come to the point; {**-*- j) *ü* j J»o inner Belf, innermost, heart, soul (of a
dukila fl 'aqlihl (/i /«wuA*) to suffer from person) ; secret intention | *iU- j «*- \j

a mental (physical) disturbance II to räja'a dikkUahü to commune with o.e.,

make or let enter, bring in, let in (*, • searoh one's soul
s.o., s.th.); to enter, insert, include (*
iU-j dukla; iUoJI iL! lailat ad-d. wed-
s.th., j or * in) III to come over s.oi («),
ding night
befall, seize (» s.o.; e.g., doubt, suspicion,
despair) IV to make or let enter, bring in, iL-j dukkala a variety of warbler
 ; ; -;;;

274
J~
\^- i dakil inner, in ward , internal J^-Jb* tadakkul entry, entrance; in-

inner seif, heart, core; — (pl. »^»o vasion; interference (j with, in), Inter-

dukalä* 3 ) extraneous; foreign, alien; vention; intrusion, obtrusion |

J*-.tdl f-U
exotio ; foreigner, alien, stranger ; not 'adam at-t. noninterferance, noninter-

genuine, false, spurious; newly added vention (pol.)

(J* to); novice;

(new) convert; guest; Interven-
J*-l-C tadäkvl interference,
protägä, charge, ward *L»o i*JS {ha* |
tion; interlook, meshing, gearing; super
lima), JüJ (to/?) foreign word or
J-^-j impoBition; intergradation ; permeation,
expression; (syr.-pal.) JL^-j (daküak)
pervasion; O interference (phys.)
please, if you please
J^-l-s däkil belonging, pertaining (j to),
"*L*-a dakila pl. JJU-j dakä'il* inner seif,
falling (J under), included (j in); inner,
inmost being, intrinsic natura, essence;
inward, inside, interior, internal; inside,
heart, aoul | *~Jü *L*-> j inwardly, in-
interior (of s.th.); däkila (prep.) within,
side, in bis heart; Lyü Jl^-» our inmost inside, in; "sU-Ij daküan inside (adv.) |

being; jjW JIUo the underlying natura

J^UI j- from within; from the inside
of things, the factors at the bottom of
things; <y_p JJUo d. ju*ti»tAi his private iUb däkila pl. J^-'ji dawäkiP interior,

affairs, (of a country, etc.) its internal inside, inmost, hidden part; iU-liJI the

affairs
Dakhla oasis (in central Egypt)

i}jji-i dukül entry, entrance, admis- J^la däkili inner, inward; internal;
sion; entering, ingress; beginning, aetting
home, inland
interior, inside; domestio,

in; penetration; intrusion, invasion; (as opposed to ,jrjU- häriji external,

first coition in marriage (Isl Law) Jy-i foreign ; pol.) ; indigenous, native ; private
|

^>ji- 1 d. al-harb entry into war belonging to the house; U*-Ii däküiyan
inside (adv.) |
«Jw-Ij JL*SJ boarding stu-
*Jj*-> dufcvXlya octroi, oity toll
denta (as opposed to VtjU- day students)

J»-u madkal pl. Jj-Iju maÄta»!1 en- l_U-ti t->j*- (Aarb) civil war; iJu^l^ 3-yX.
trance ; hallway, veBtibule, anteroom (madrtMo) boarding sohool; i-l^-ta ^H^
entrance hall, lobby, foyer; mouth (of a underwear; LLtla i»-"A- inland navigation

port, of a canal); O anode (ei.); intro-

«Jtf-La däkiliya interior | i"$J\ «J^-Ia the
duction (to a field of learning) ; behavior,
interior of the country, the inland
conduct o[)LJI Jrf-U (myyärfU) drive-
|
LLtUi lj\jj ministry of the interior; yjj
way; jyUll i-jj-U J^-J- introduction to «Jw-I-Jl minister of the interior
the study of law; J^-ül j-*- hum al-m.

good manners, good oonduct JyiJU madkül sickly, diseased, ab-

normal; (mentally) disordered; of weak

iUIx. mvdäjcala interference, inter-
character, spineless; (pl. J-»-l-U madäkll 2 )
vention; participation, interest (j in)
ravenue, receipts, takings, returns

JUol üZAöi leading in, showing in,

_jo daJcmasa (LJ-ä dakmaaa) to fool (J*
bringing in, taking in, hauling in; in-
s.o.) about one's real intentions, pull the
volvement, implication; insertion, inter-
wool over s.o.'s
(Jp) eyes; to cheat; to
polation, incorporation, inolusion; intro-
be sly, crafby, artful
duction (e.g., of a Constitution; of an
improvement, J* on an apparatus, or i_»-j dakmasa deception, fooling,

the like) trickery; cunning, craft, slyness

 V-P

jii-i dakina a to be smoky; to taste or smell achievement is due to God) how capable,
of smoke; — dakana a u to smoke, how good, how excellent he is!

emit emoke (fire) II to fumigate, fume

j.s dürr (coli.) pearls
(* s.th.); to smoke, eure with smoke (*

foodstuffs) ; to smoke (* a cigarette, •p durra (n. un.) pl. ~äl, jjj durar

tobaeco, a pipe) IT to smoke, emit pearl; — a variety of parrot (Psittacus

Alexandri L.)
smoke (fire) V to be smoked, be cured
with smoke to be fumigated ;
iSj* durri glitte ring, twinkling, bril-

dukn pearl millet, dukhn liant (star)

j>-}

j*~i dakan smoke, fume, vapor •jj dirra, darra pl. jji dirar teat;

udder
üUo dukän (dujckän) pl. L»ol adkina
smoke, fume, vapor; tobaeco jl;X> midrär ehowering abundant rain
(sky, cloud) ; spouting, pouring forth,
li^-i dujena smoke color; a kind of
welling out
incense (CalamuB aromatious)
jb darr flowing oopiously; produetive,
O <-~*~* dakina cigarette
rieh, lucrative; profitable
J*-Uo dakäkini (eg., tun.) tobaeconist
jX. mudirr: JjJI j.u (baul) diuretic(al),
*^*-x* madkana pl. j^lx. madäkin* pl. J>J1 C^\jJu diuretios; tS^JI _,.u ('araq)
chimney, smokestaok, funiiel sudorific

J^-i3 tadkin fumigation; smoking

Ijj dara'a (dar') to rejeet (* s.th.); to avert,
(e.g., of fish); (tobacoo) smoking
ward off {* s.th., e.g., [^*- kafaran a
i^-lj dakina pl. j»-|p daxväkin* chim- danger, je- Crom) VI idddra'a to contend
ney, smokestack, funnel
(j for)
j*-u mudakkin smoker «jj dar' repulsion, prevention, avert-
ing; warding off, parrying
uU-b^ look up alphabetioally
iL ji darVa pl. -ät target
u-b.» daidan habit, practica

^f'j\j* daräbazin railing, parapet, banistera,

^a III to pamper, spoil (• a child)
balustrade
jj darra % u (darr) tc flow oopiously; to
stream, flow, well; to aecrue (J* to s.o.;
x\)i Dürres (It. Durazzo, seaport in W
Älbania)
profit, wealth); to be abundant, plentiful

IV to cause to flow; to bestow laviahly, tj[}i durräq (syr.) peach

heap (
J* * s.th. upon s.o. ), shower,
overwhelm (J* * with s.th. s.o.); to
t/lp darämi dramatic

J* to s.o.) X to stream,
yield (* a profit, w-jjj dariba a (darab, öjj durba) to be ao-
flow; to be abundant; to cause or try to customed, be used (<_j to), be practioed,
bring about the abundant flow of {*); to trained, Bkilled (<-< in) II to habituate,
cause s.tb. to yield in abundance; to
(*) aecustom (*, » s.o., s.th., j or ^ or J*
be out for s.th. (*), seek to gain (* a to); to practica, drill {• s.o., j, i~* or J*
profit), try to make (* a living) in); to school, train, coach, tutor (* s.o.,

jj darr milk; aebievement, accomplish- j, ^ or J* in) V to be aecustomed, be

ment | •>,> Zi li-tiähi darruhü (literally: his used (J* or j to); to be or become
 ; ;

276
v-p

praoticed, sküled, trained, drilled, school- roll together (* s.th.); to wrap, wind,

ed (J* or j in); to train (athkt.) twist (J* * s.th. around); — darija a to

rise or advance step by step J* Ji^Jl jyj
VJJ* durüb narrow
|
i_jjj darb pl.
daraja l-'urfu 'alä it has become the
mountain pasa; path, trail, track; road;
general practioe to ... II to make (» s.o.)
alley, lane |
ÜLdl «^J* d - rt-taMä*** tho
rise or advanoe by steps, promote (•
Milky Way
s.o.) by degrees; to move or bring (*
iij* durba habituation, habitude, habit gradually cloeer to); to ap-
s.th.) (Jl
familiarity (with s.th.), experience; skill, proximate * s.th. to); to roll up, fold
(Jl
practioe put into circu-
up {* s.th.); to circulate,

Ljj dariba court of first instanoe lation {* s.th.), give currenoy (* to s.th.),

(Tun.) make (* s.th.) the general praotice; to

divido into degrees, steps or grades,
u-jj-Ij tadrib habituation, acoustoming;
graduate, grade, gradate (* s.th.); to
practioe; drill; schooling, training, Coach-
insert, include, enter (j * s.th. in) III to
ing, tutoring |
j^CJI v--jj-til <*<wfor»)
go, keep up (* with, e.g., with the
military training
time, with a fashion) IV to insert, include,
^fjA* mudarrib pl. -ün instructor, drill embody (j * s.th. in); to
incorporate,
inatructor; trainer, ooach (atJUet.); tamer
enter, register (j * s.th., e.g., in a list),

(of wild animals) book (* s.th.) V to progress by steps,

^fjA* mudarrab experienced; practioed, advance gradually; to proceed step by

skilIed; trained; schooled step (Jl to); to make progress (j in); to

graduate, grade, be graded, graduated,

,>>[)* daräbazln and j>_/ji darbazxn railing, gradated VII to be inserted, entered,
parapet, banisters, balustrade included
incorporated, embodied, (j
in) to be classined (j in, C-* under) X to
^jj dari>a*j to bolt {* a door) ;

make (• s.o.) advance or rise gradually,

^Uji dirbäs pl. (j-jjb* <&«&**" bolt,
promote (• s.o.) by degrees; to lead (•
doorbolt
s.o.) gradually (Jl to), bring (• s.o.)

^jjj darabukka (eg.), dirbakka (ayr.) pl. -<M around to (Jl, J); to bait, allure (• s.o.);

darabukka, a oonical, one-headed hand to entioe, tempt, Iure into destruotion

drum, open at the Bmall end (» s.o.)

&j ji darbaka banging or rattling noise,

i
rj* dar] entry, entering, registering,
din, uproar, turmoil registration, recording; a rolled or folded

paper; roll, soroll |

«_jU£Ji r J-» J ü1 tne
p-ji daraja u (rj j-> durü;) to go, walk, move book; *^l$ül £ji in the
j f% d. il-lealäm.
proceed, advance (fllowly); to approaoh course of the talk
gradually, step by Step (Jl s.th.); to
p-ji durj pl. r\j*\ adräj drawer (of a
follow a couTBe (J*),
proceed along the
table, desk, etc.); desk (e.g., for pupils in
lines of (J*), proceed in such and such
school)
a manner J*) to go away, leave, depart
(
;

to outgrow (^m a nest, a habitation); to ^ji daraj pl. g\ji\ adräj way, route,

be past, bygone, over (time); to have course; night of steps, stairs, staircase |

passed away, be extinot; to circulate, be **-\j^\ a*-j raja'a adräjahü (also **^Ija1 jI*)

in circulation, be current, have currency; to retraoe one's steps, go back the way
to grow up (child); — (darf) to roll up, one came; to go back, turn back; <_~*i
 )

*J*

r}ij\ 5
Tri»- ' (adräja r-riyäh) to go the £.J^ £> ^.j-^Li gradually, by and by,
ways of the winds, i.e., to pasß unnoticed, by degrees, by steps, atep by step, more
without leaving a trace; to end in smoke, and more
come to nothing, be futile, be in vain
^j-tf iadrljl gradual, gradatory, pro-

i^jj daraja pl. -ät step, Btair; flight of gressive; LjCj-U tadrijiyan gradually, by
steps, stairs, staircase; degree, Step, tone and by, by steps, by degrees, in stages

(of a scale; mus.); degree (math. geogr.; t ^Ipl idräj insertion, interpolation, in-
of temperature) ; grade, rate ; degree, corporation; entry, registration, record-
order, rank; class (also, e.g., in trains, ing (j in a list)

of a decoration); phose, state, stage (of a

j:jJJ tadarruj gradual advance or
development) ; mark, grade (in school) |
progress; gradation, graduation |
rj-^Lj
lj \ji. I i^ji d. al-karära (degree of
graduaUy, by and by; <u*UjjI rj£ t
temperature; LLJI üjL-jjJI ('ulyä) the
irtiqaihi his gradual rise
maximal temperatures; JäJI üjL-jjJI

(suflä) the minimal temperatures; ij-j* ^lj.t-1 istidräj capability of graduaUy

JjjUl d. af-fül degree of longitude (geogr.); winning s.o. over, pereuasiveness, art of

(ouL>) <-*1p <»-j3 ('ilmiya, jämi'iya) persuasion

academic degree; J5*JI i»-jj d. al-'aql jrjli därij current, prevalent, wide-
level of intelligence, IQ ; CjU-j jJI Ji* report spread, populär, common, in vogue,
card (in school); JjVl IjjJÜl (j) j- («Ja) circulating, in circulation | *-_,! jJl v^&l
first-rate, first-class; <j*-ji ji of superior (kaläm) andij-jUI iilil (luga) the populär
quality, high -grade, high-claae; ul Ö-jjJ language, colloquial language
(K-daraja(i) to the extent tbat...; to
such an extent that ..., so much that ...
£jJ- mudarraj graded, graduated; —
(pl. -ät) open staircase, open-air stairs,
^Ip durräj pl. £jtp darärip francolin fliere, stoop; grandstand, bleachers;
(zool.); see also alphabetically amphitheater; (amphitheatered) audi-
torium or lecture room
r j-tf tadruf, *^jJS tadruja pheasant
£jJ- mudraj inserted, interpolated,
i»-!;i darräja pl. -ä( bicycle | 3jjli *»-l;j
incorporated ; entered, registered ; oon-
motorcycle
tained, included (j, ^ in), comprised
j-jj* madraj pl. rj'-^* madärij* way (j. V oy)
tbat one follows or pursues; course, route;
ijj darida a {darad) to become toothless,
road, path; starting point, outset, rise,
lose one's teeth
growth, birth, dawn, beginning(s) ; tar-
mac, runway (of an airfield); (as also ijil adrad 2 toothless
mudarraj) amphitheater; (amphitheater- tjiji durdi sediment, dregs, lees
ed) auditorium or lecture room; grand-
stand, bleachers ^j-x* .L. since its
^-jjjjj dardabis ugly old woman, hag
|

beginnings; oLÜ rjA* m. nai'cUihl the •jap dardara roar, rush (of water) ; idle talk,
place where he grew up; jJI ^jlJ- j jl— prattle, chatter
(m. ir-rugiy) to travel the road of
jljp dardär elm (bot.)

jjijs durdür eddy, whirlpool, vortex

£j-tf tadrlj graduation; Classification,

categorization ; gradation | £j-dl J*, Üap dardaSa idle talk, prattle, chatter
 ;

JJ>

^ji daraza u to sew, Btitch *—jjjJI Jl> 'ummät ad-darisa (eg.)

railroad section gang, gandy dancers

jji iarz pl. JjjJ dura« seam, hem;
suture ^b-i darräs pl. -ün (eager) student

B
dw« JJ.P darüz Druse j jjjJI J->-
O *-Lp darräsa flau; threahing ma-
tf JJ J pl- |

jabal ad-d. the Jebel ed Druz, the

chine | O *-!p »iL*»- (Aa^^öda) combine

mountainous homeland of the Druses in ^jji dirwäs mastiff

S Syria VjXi madnua pl. ^j'-U madärw2

madrasah (a religious boarding school
,-p darasa u (dars) to wipe out, blot out,
associated with a mosque) ; school j i-j.u
obliterate, efface, extinguish (* B.th.);
SJIjsjI (tofidd'iya) the lower grades of a
to thresh (* grain); to learn, study (*
secondary school, approx. = junior
ß.th.,J* under s.o.).
J* ^ ^v* ('*»)
high Bchool; *Jj\ l*-jJu> {awwallya)
to study under (a teacher, a professor);
— u v^jj-i durüs) to be effaced, obliterat-
elementary school, grade school; i-j-u
ij_yL> (tänawiya) secondary school, high
ed, blotted out, extinguished II to teach;
Bchool; *iJ^f öy-l* (/ijäriya) commercial
to inatruct {« s.o., * in s.th.); III to
College or Bchool; *-j^- *<jA» (Aar6tya)
Btudy (• together with s.o.) VI to study
become military aoademy;*J*-l.i i^jX* (däkiliya)
(* s.th.) carefully together VII to
boarding school; (LI*) Ul* i-j-U fättya,
or be wiped out, blotted out, effaced,
'uiyö) College; ^li^Jlj J>JJ1 i-j-u school
obliterated, extinguished
of industrial arts, school of applied art
^ji dars effacement, obliteration»
and handioraft; ^jS" i-jA* (kubrä) Col-
extinction; — (pl. ^jj> durüs) study, lege; ieoiil <**jjX\ the old "school"
studiea; lesson, chapter (of a textbook); (= intelleotual or artistic movement)
class, class hour, period; lecture; lesson
(j-jO- madrari scholastic, school
(taught by experience, etc.) | jp Lj ji J)l

(alqä) to lecture on ...; L-jji J«*l (<*'&) ^Jj-tf tadris teaching, Instruction,

to give lessons; SJjU ^-jj^ (manziHyo) tuition |

,j-Jj4dl Ä~» hai'at al-t. teaching

homework (of a pupil or Student) staff; faoulty, professoriate (of an aca-

demic Institution)
^Ip dtrö* threahing (of grain)
^jli däris pl. ^jtji dawäris* effaced,
L*lp diräsa pl. -äf studies; study | *-[p
obliterated; old, dilapidated, crumbling |

*Jl* fö7tya) oollegiate studies; *£_jJÜ i-lp

<-jlj> i.1* tajaddada därlsuhü to rifle
(tänouJtya) attendance of a secondary
from one's ashes
school, secondary education, high-eohool
education «L<j£» (mutawassifa) ^j-U mudorrM pl. -ün teacher, in-
; *-|p
high-echool edu- Btruotor; lecturer | opL- ^j-i* (mu«3'K2)
secondary eduoation,
assistant professor
cation (Syr.)

^-Sja dtröa» of or pertaining to study 9-ji II to arm; to armor, equip with armor

or studies; Bcholastic, school; inBtruction- (a s.th.) V and VIII iddaraa to arm o.a.,

al, educational, teaching, tuitional | p-y take up arms, put on armor

vb J tuition feea; Ä— '1 1

Sr'b-
(Alna)
pji dir" m. and f., pl. £jj* durü*, £j*l
academic year; scholastic year, school adru
r
adrS ooat of mail, hauberk;
, f\j*\
year (suit of ) plate armor armor plate ;

^-j ji darts dried clover armor; armature; {pl. f !pl adra) chemise
 279 iJ -P

Ä^ljj aarrä'a pl. -at armored cruiser one another; to continue without inter-
ruption, go on incessantly; to face, meet,
i*i)j durrd'a pl. (»jjIjj daran' 2 loose
obviate, take steps to prevent (a s.th.);
outer garment with sleeves, slit in front
to put in order, set right, correct (a s.th.),
fjlj däri* armored, armor-clad, iron- make amends (a for), provide compen-
clad sation or indemnity (a for a loss, or the

i^jlj däri'a pl. fjljj dauxjrt' 2 armored

like) X to correct, rectify, emend (*
s.th.); to set right, put in order, straight-

en out (a s.th.); to make good, repair,

f-jJU mudarra' armored ; armadillo redresa (a a damage, a mistake, etc.),
(zoo£.) |
Ä^j-U Jjj (güuxj) tank corps; make up (a for); to Supplement, supply
Ä^j-U «jL- (aayyära) armored car; »Li- that which
(a is miasing); to anticipate,
üy-jX* (mu$äh) armored infantry (mtl.) foreatall, obviate (a an event)

*£-jX* mudarra'a pl. -ät armored cruiser iJji darak attainment, achievement,
accomplishment ; overtaking, catching
(Jij-a dar/ side, flank, wing; protection
up ; police ; (pl. iJ 'j .il adräk) bottom,
üjj darfa pl. <_jp dira/ leaf (of a lowest level
double door or window)
$j* darakl policeman
Jjjj darfll dolphin
iTjj daraka lowest level; pl. -ät

1 descending steps (as opposed to oU-jj;

öj i daraqa (leather) shield
cf. Ojll oBj^j »U-l oU-jj darajät al-
O iJj-> daraq thyroid gland hayäh wa-d. al-maut)

jjj daraqi shield-shaped ; thyroid iJlp darräk much-accomplishing,

| ef-
iJjOjl Ä-UJI (gudda) thyroid gland ficient, successful

2
j[jj look up alphabetically iJjl-L. madärik2 mental faculties, men-
tal powcrs, intelligence, intellectual ca-
]
lJji II to last, continue, keep up (rains)
pacities, perception, discernment j
iJjl-dl
III to reach, get, catch, overtake, out-
^j-*^! the five sensea
distance, outrun (>, « s.o., s.th.), catch
up, como up (a, » with); to keep up,
(Tip diräkan (adv.) constantly, in-

continue without interruption {* cessantly, without interruption

s.th.)

IV to attain, reach (a s.th.), arrive (a i\\ji\ idräk reaching, attainment,

at); to get, catch, overtake {« s.o., * achievement, accomplishment; realiza-
s.th.), catch up, come up (*, • with); to tion, perception, discernment, awareness,
come suddenly, unexpectedly (» upon conaciouanesa (iJjp'iM Am faqd al-i. un>
s.o.), overtake (» s.o.; death); to obtain consciousness) ; comprehension, under-
(a s.th.); to grosp, comprehend (a s.th.); standing, grasp ; reason, intelligence
to perceive, discern, notice (* s.th.); to sexual maturity, puberty; age of maturi
realize, understand (a s.th.), become ty ilLp^! j- sinn al-i. age of dis
|

aware, become conscious (a of s.th.); to cretion (Isl. Law)

mature, ripen (e.g., a fruit); to attain
iJj-G tadarruk gradual decline
puberty, reach sexual maturity (boy)
V i--^iil Jl ^j—Ül C-TjAj (Sams, magib) the iJlj-ü-l istidräk redress, reparation
sun prepared to set VI to reach and seize correction, emendation, rectification
 .

4p 2S0

iljj> mudrtfc rational, reasonable, en- all of a sudden there was ... III to flatter,
dowed with reason, intelligent; (sexually) treat with flattery or gentle courtesy, ca-

mature, pubescent, at the age of puberty jole, coaz (e s.o.) ; to deoeive, fool, mislead

Cj SjA* mudrakät realizations ; cogni-

{ s.o.); to dissemble; to oonceal, hide,
mask, disguise {* s.th.) IV to let (» s.o.)
tions; fised notions, established concepts
know (<_j s.th. or about s.th.), inform,
3 derrick crane
*}ji (Engl.) derrick, notify, advise (<-j • s.o. of) | ... L. iljjjl Ly
(adräha), also <-> iJlpl Ly do you realize
<*jj darima a to fall out (teeth) II to clip,
what . . . is? you don't even know what . .

trim (a nails)
means! VI to hide, conceal o.a.

üjj darina a (daran) to be dirty, filthy

5jlp diräya knowledge, cognizance,
IV do. V to Buffer from tuberculosis
acquaintance
öji daran pl. ü\j*\ adrän dirt, filth;
^jjl adrä more knowledgeable, better
tubercles; tuberculosis | j,yj üp {ri'awi)
informed, knowing better (<_j s.o., s.th.),
pulmonary tuberculosis
botter acquainted (<_j with)
ijji darana (n. un.) pl. -ät tuberclo;
t^jjl V lä-adri a skeptic
small tumor, outgrowth, excrescence,
tuberculc, nodule l\j\x* mudäräk sociability, affabüity,
companionablenesa
i_jji darani tubercular, tuberculous
jlj darin knowing, aware, cognizant
üj-G tadarrun tuberculosis | ^yj üj-tf

(H'ann) and UJ\ üjAj t. ar-rta pulmonary (i_j of s.th.)

tuberculosis
\fj-L» midran, «j-U midra (= fj^, mirdan),
tijoj tadarruni tuberculous öljj- midrah pl. jIju madärin pole (esp.
one for punting boats)
üj^i* mutadarrin affected with tu-

bercles, tuberculated
3Ljj diryäq (= jb/) theriaca; antidote

»jj- midrah pl. »j\x* madärih 2 spokesman

<1j jj (It. dozzina) dazzina dozen

jtjj dirham pl. a\j2 darähim 1 dirhem,

drachma — coin of 50 ^-U) ^j dasaa u (dass) to put, get, slip, shove,
{It. ; a weight
thrust, inBert (j * s.th. into); to bury
{Eg. = V12 VJ = ca 3.12
1
- g); f\j> (j * s.th. in the ground); to instill,
nioney, cash
infuse (j <-•, * s.th. in); to adminieter
^L^-jj duraihimät (dimin. with a surreptitiously (-JI as-mmma poiaon, J
derogatory sense; approx.:) pennies to s.o.); to foist (j * s.th. into); to
smuggle (J * s.th. into, ju * s.o. among);
Zjj* dxrwa pl. -ät | j.) protecting screen or
to interpolate (* s.th.); to intrigue,
wall; parapet
scheme, plot (J*, J against s.o.) ^j |

^jj* dirwäs mastiff ^'U-di to engage in secret machinations,

intrigue, soheme II to put in, get in, slip in,
,Jj jji darwti pl. ,Jj
jlp daräväS* dervish
shove in, thrust in, insert (* s.th.); to
1
,j J ^ darä i (ilp diräya) to know (<_j or * hide, oonceal (* a.th.) V to engage (se-

B.th. or of a.th.); to be aware, be cogni- cretly, Jl in); to be hidden (j in) VII to

zant (u or *of); to nnderstand, com- slip (ju between or among, J into),

prehend (i~> or * s.th.) | . . . j 1fi tSJ-^i ^y creep, steaJ, sneak (,>i among, J into).
 ;

281

infiitrate (j s.th,); to ingratiate o.a., in- <*Lo daaäma fattiness, greasiness,

sinuate o.e. (j or Jf to s.o., into s.o. 's griminess, grubbiness
confidence); to be hidden
*-j-j dusüma fatness; richness, sub-
<-j-o daaiaa pl. ^'Lo dasä'ia 2 intrigue, stantiality
machination, scheine, plot j
^Loil ^j
l»Lo disäm plug, stopper
daae ad-d. machinations, intrigues, schem-
ing, plotting (x*i against) ; plot, conspira- «j^ daiaam amaranth (bot.)

cy
jjfs disembir, diaambir December
^Ui dassäs pl. -ün intrigant, intri-

guer, schemer, plotter, conspirator; sand j~i II to introduce, bring in (* s.th.) V to

snake (Eryx jaculus) be hidden, concealed; to penetrate (Jf

into)
'kl—o dast pl. tl^i dusüt place of honor,
seat of honor; seat of office; counoü ^ij {Fr. doucke) duS shower, douche
|

&-t c~o d. al-kukm (a ruler's) throne

,ji*-J daSii and Üjij a kind of porridge
2
ul—-i diät pl. £jj~* dusüt kettle, boiler, cal- made of crushed wheat and butter
dron made of copper (eg., ayr.)
£-i.s daSt junk, trash, rubbish, refuse
3
i>j daata dozen; pack, packet, package
ji.s II to hand over, present (* s.th.); to
j_j^-i dustür pl. ,/üLo dasätir 2 Statute; consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate (* s.th.)
regulations; by-laws; (basio) constitu-
tadiln consecration,
tional law; Constitution {pol.); — (colloq.)
J*.~>Jj

inauguration i-^£ll jjt-i-tf

dedication,
consecration
|

dastür permission
of the church
iSjj^s dustüri constitutional |
fUkJl
^j_j^-u)l constitutional form of govern- ^i V to belch, burp, eruet

ment
<ci da'a see f-ij
Äjj^j dustüriya constitutionality |

ijjji^jjl ^J* 'adam ad~d.

9j> da"a to rebuff, turn down (contemp-
unconstitu-
tuously, « tbe poor, an orphan)
tionality

i_-pj da'aba a (ÄjUj du'äba) to joke, jest,

j^2 dasara u (dasr) to push, shove, pusb off
make fun (• with s.o.) III to play, toy
(m s.th.)
{», m with s.th., with s.o.); to joke, jest,
O s*\* däsir propeller, airscrew make fun (* with s.o.); to give (» s.o.) a
»j£~-* daskara pl. jS'Lo daaäkir* village good-natured slap or smack {<-») ; to
flirt(U with a woman) ; to dally, philander,
«*>* daaam fatness (of meat) ; fat, grease
play around (U with a woman); to play
—j dasim fat; fatty, greasy, grimy, (• about s.o.; e.g., waves); to stroke
grubby ; rieh, abundant, substantial gently, caress, fondle (* s.th.); to beguile,
meaty, pithy, füll of thoughts (e.g., read- tempt, delude (• s.o.; said of hopes); to
ing material) play (* a musical instrument) j
jJLJi !_-pli

— adaam*, dasmä' 2
to play on the piano VI to make fun,
il f. »lf.i , pl. ^j
dusm very fat ; fatty,
have fun together, have a good time
greasy, grimy,
grubby; — richer, more substantial, !_-pj da'ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly,
pithier gay, funny
 :

lAt-i duäba pl. -ät joking, jesting, fun- Kfi di'ma pl. /i di'am support, prop
making, fun; joke, jest
<.Uj di'äma f Uo
pl. -ät, da'ä'im* sup-
v_>Ui da" ab joaose, playful, jolly, gay port, prop, stay, shore; pier; buttress;

ks-\jl» mudä'aba pl. -ät play, fun- pUlar (esp. fig., e.g., SaLJI fleo pillars of

jest; pleasantry; dal- authority)

making, fun; joke,
liance, flirtation, philandeiy strengthening,
-e-tf iad*im support,

<^e.\i dä'ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly, reinforcement, consolidation, underpin-

gay, funny

±r*\x> mudä'ib joking, jesting and jtj) Uj da d u

f
{.l*j du'ä') to call
(j*}

di'bil frog Bpawn, frog's egga

(• s.o.); to summon (<-* or » s.o.), call or
J^j
send for s.o. (*_* or •); to call up (• s.o., Jl,

J^-U muda'bal indisposed, out of appeal to

J for); to call upon s.o. (•), b.o.
eorts; round, ball-shaped
{*) for s.th. or to do s.th. (J, Jl), invite,

urge (J, Jl • s.o. to do s.th.); to invite,

«*il ad'aj 2 , f. »1> j da' ja' 2 , pl. £*a du'j black-
ask to come (Jl • s.o. to; e.g., to a ban-
eyed; deep-black and large (eye)
quet); to move, induce, prompt (J, Jl *

j*i <£a*t'ra o (da'ar) to be immoral s.o. to do s.th.), prevail (<J, Jl • on s.o.

j*i da'ar immorality, indecency

to do s.th.); to call (<-», a « s.o. by a
name), name (^, a » s.o. so and so), pass.
jpi da'ir unchaste, lewd, licentious, dis-
x-j du'iya to be called, be named; to
solute, obscene, bawdy, immoral, in-
=
invoke (^»1 God to pray to); to wish
decent
(J s.o.) well, bless (J s.o.; properly: to
SjUi da'ära, di'ära indecency, im- invoke God in favor of s.o.), invoke a

morality, licentiousness, debaucheiy |

blessing (cj) upon s.o. (J), pray (^> for

«jUoll c~u bau ad-d, brothel s.th., J on behalf of s.o.), implore (v J

for s.o. s.th.); to curse (J* s.o.; properly:
jt\i dä'ir pl. jUi du"är unchaste,
to invoke God against s.o.), call down
lewd, licentious, dissolute, obscene,
evil, invoke evil J* upon s.o.) ; to
bawdy, indecent, immoral {

propagate, propagandize (*J s.th.), make

r£-i
i_
da' asa a (da's) to tread underfoot, Propaganda, make publicity (<J for); to
trample down, cruBh (* s.th.); to knock dem and, require (Jl s.th.), call for (Jl);
down, run over {» s.o. ; automobile) to call forth, bring about, cause, provoke,
VII pass. of I ocaasion (Jl s.th.), give rise (Jl to) |
^s
f k-'jU (du'iya) to be summoned, be
uiipj da'aka a (da*k) to rub (a s.th.); to scrub,
called into session (parliament) ; Jl ^i
scour (* s.th.); to scrub on a washboard
r">UJl Jr» du'iya ilä hamli s-ailäh to be
(a laundry); to crush, squash, mash (*
called up for military Service, be called to
s.th.); to crumple (a paper)
the colors; ... ^-ü Jaj-j (yud'ä) a man
xi da'ama a (da'm) and II to support, hold called..., a man by the name of...;

up (a s.th.); to prop, shore up, stay, j**JI (Jjiü 4J Ui (}üli l-'umr) he wished

buttress, underpin (* s.th.); to cement, him a long life III to challenge (a s.o.);

consolidate, strengthen (a s.th.) Till *jl to pick a quarrel (b with); to proceed

idda'ama to be supported; to rest, be judicially (« against), prosecute (» s.o.)

based ( J# on) VI to challenge each other, call each

 ;

283 **>

other forth or out, summon eaoh other; to (Ißl. Law) |

ül &y~h on the pretext
evoke one another (thoughts, reminis- that...
cences, sentiments) ; to be dilapidated,
^3 da'ly pl. »Ufril ad'iyä'* adopted
be tumble-down, threaten to fall (walle)
son; bastard; braggart, bigmouth, show-
to sink, subside, cave in; to fall down,
off; pretender; swindler, impostor
sink to the ground (person); to coüapae,
break down, deoline, degenerate (fig.,
»Uj dua pl. 5_p.il ad'iya call; invocation

of a oultural phenomenon); to flock of God, supplioation, prayer; request,

together, rally VIII ^al r

idda ä to allege, plea; good wish (J for s.o.); imprecation,

claim, maintain {* a.th., ül that); to curse (Jp against s.o.)

lay claim (* to a.th.). demand, claim ^jl ad'ä more conducive, more stim-
(* e.th.); to make undue claims (* ulating, of greater inoentive (Jl, J to),
to a.th.), arrogate (to o.a.), asBume causing or provoking to a greater extent
unduly or presumptuously (* a.th.); to
(Jl, J B.th.)
affect, feign, simulate, pretend, purport
»jUi da'ätva, di'äwa pl. -ät Propa-
(^ B.th.); to testify (in oourt); to accuse
ganda (pol.) ; publicity (
Jl for)
(»_j or m
Jp a.o. of), charge
or * Jp s.o. (»_j

with), blame (*-j or * J* s.o. for), hold t^jUj daäwi, di'äwi propagandistio
s.th. (t^j or *) against s.o. (Ja) X to call
ÄjUj» di'äya Propaganda (pol.)
or send (• for s.o.), summon (* s.o.); to
r
jlpa di ä'i propagandistio
cite, summon for examination or trial
(« s.o.; court, police); to reoall (• s.o., Slp-U mad" äh determining factor, de-
e.g., a diplomatio envoy); to call, ap- cisive motive or inoentive, cause, oc-
point (• s.o., e.g., a professor to a chair); casion
to invoke (* s.o.); to invite, urge (Jl •
f-loj iadä'in imminent collapse, impend-
s.o. to do s.th.), suggest (Jl • to b.o.
ing breakdown ; mutual summoning |

s.th. or to do s.th.), call upon s.o. (») to

JUil (jf-t-ij iadä'i l-ma'äni assooiation of
do s.th. (Jl), appeal (Jl » to s.o. for s.th.
ideas
or to do s.th.); to call for (*), require,
demand, necessitate, make necessaiy or »U^i iddi'a pl. -dt claim; arrogation,

requisite (* s.th.) undue assumption, presumption ; al-

legation ; pretension, pretense ; acou-

ijci da'wa call ; appeal ; bidding,
sation, charge; »IpjVI the prosecution (in
demand, request; call, convocation, sum-
a court of justice)
mons (Jl to), calling up, summoning;
(official) summons, citation; invitation;
»U.tL-i iatid'a summons, summoning;
recall, calling back official summons,
claim, demand, plea; missionary activity, ;

nah citation
missionary work (also »jp-UI yiS
ad-d.), Propaganda; — (pl. OJ^pj da'a* flj dä'in pl. äUo du'äh one who invites,
wät) invocation, imploration, suppUca- inviter ; Propagandist ; host ; motive,
tion, prayer; good wish | oli-U» £>\j*s reason, cause ^Ia V (dä'iya) it is not
|

good wishes; ^JL S^pa (Harr) imprecation, necessary, there is no need, there is no
curse; S_jpjJI ^>-Ls> host cause (J for)

i^jpj da'wä pl. jjUi da'äwä, jl*j i-^b dä'iya one who calls for s.th.

da'äwin allegation, pretension; claim; (Jl), invites to s.th. (Jl); Propagandist

lawsuit, case, action, legal proceedings (with foll. genit. or Jl: of s.th.), herald;
 yo 284

(pl. f\ji dawä'in) motive, reason, cause, J*o da£al pl. jUol adpäZ, JUj dipäZ place
occasion ; pl.
f\j* requiiementa, ezi- with luxuriant tree growth ; thicket,
genoies | <^*j»- Leb warmonger; Xje flj-U bush, jungle; — defectiveness, faultiness,
li-davxTin pikhtya for reasons of health oomiption
iSjjj" ^Ip ö- it gives me great pleaa-
Jea dagil covered with dense under-
ure ...
growth (place); impenetrable; corrupted
y-\* mad'ütv one invited, guest; call-
Je.u mudgil covered with dense under-
ed, named, by the name of
growth (place) ; false, perfidious, insidious
f-ljfc* mutadä'in evoking one another, (in character)
one leading to the other (reminiscences,
thoughta); frail, shaky (Constitution);
i-ä IV and VIII ijl iddagama to put (j *

dilapidated, tumble-down; ready to fall,

s.th. into), insert, incorporate, embody
threatened with collapse; declining, in (j * s.th. in); (gram.) to contract (J *

a Btage of decline, on the downgrade one letter into another), assimilate (<j *
s.th. to) VII to be incorporated, embodied,
9Ju mudda'in one who makes an al-
merged, amalgamated; to be assimilated,
legation or pretension, aüeger, pretender;
contracted
olaimer, olaimant; plaintüf; prosecutor
(jur.) ; arrogant, presumptuous, bump- Jij daffa % (•JnJ* dafif) to Aap the wings
tious |
(umümi) the public
l/>**JI ^.ill (bird) II to hurry, rush
f
prosecutor; pUl ^oll ( ümm) do. (Mor.)
Jj daff pl. öy-s du/ü/ aide; lateral

^fA* mvddd'an claimed; 4_U ^xLI the surface

defendant (jur.); pl. oLe-u mudda'ayät ija dttj^, doj^ pl. ö>#j du/ü/ tambourine
claims, pretenaions
*i^ dajffa side ; leaf (of a double door or
fjs~* mwtad'in applicant, petitioner window); cover (of a book), jläail the
two covers of a book; rudder, heim
£iii dagdag'a to tickle (• s.o.); to cruah; to |

iiaJl jS\$ or üjJI _r-U mudtr ad-d. steers-

chew, munch (* s.th.)
man, helmsman ; -Linil «« Je j-iJtotake
1
Ji-i dagara a (dagr, j^j dagrä) to attack (Je the heim, make o.s. the leader; ÜaJl 4j yad

s.o.), fall upon s.o. (Je) ad-d. tiller; SjjjUJ] «ioJl j* (eg.) all to-

j*i dagr attack, assault gether, one and all, all without exception

tjj*} dagrä attack, assault *jj difftya (eg.) loose woolen cloak

'iSji'i dttgri (eg., syr.) direct, straight; 'ja do/i'a a and j» dafu'a u to be wann; to
atraight ahead feel warm II and IV to warm, heat (*
s.th.) V, Vm tiil iddafa'a and X to
J£i IV LJjJI cUÜjI adgakti id-dunyä it
warm o.s.
became dark, twüight feil
Öj d»/' wannth, warmness, heat
^ftcj dagaJf darkness, dusk, twüight
*,jj do/F and »jj da/t* warm
<lüj dagiSa darkness, dnsk
jT« da/'än 9 , f. ^tö da/*ä warm
_r
(
*Pi dagifa a (daga#) to be chock-full, on
»Uj difa heating
the point of bursting
U\is dafaa wannth, warmness, heat
i^ilj dägifa pl. ijapIp dawäflift knee-
pan, kneecap, patella Q LÜa daffäya pl. -df stove
 •

285
e"
lix. midfa and slix» midfa'a pl. jlj- or *-> s.o., Jl or J to), make s.o. (*-> or •)

maiä/i' a stove, heating stove do s.th. (Jl or J); to hand over, present,
turn over (J or Jl * s.th. to s.o.); to pay
iüjj" to^'a heating, generation of heat
(Le tamanan a prioe, Jl or J to s.o.) |

j^^ daftar pl. j-'Üj dafdtir* booklet ; notebook, Jl «Um^ üi (hifähu) to wend one's way
copybook; daybook, Journal; ledger to III to resist, withstand (• s.o., * s.th.),

offer resistance (*, • to); to contradict,

(com.); roster, register, offioial register |

ijL^- jis (kisäbi) account book; batik- oppose (» s.o., je- so as to make him
book, passbook; obUJ^l Ji> d.al-^ißbät abstain from s.th.), dissuade (• s.o., je-

letter file, letter book, folder, portfolio; from); to auppresB {* s.th.); to defend
(je s.o., B.th.), uphold (je- s.th.); to be
iy^l Jii pubhcation setting forth the
terms of a purchase, the conditions of a entmsted with the defense (je- of s.th.,

leaee, the stipulations of a contract, or of s.o., also jur.) Y to dash forward; to

the like; IJIjU^I jth subscription booklet; dart off, rush off; to pour forth, flow,

a^-pundü^ cashbook (com.); stream, gush forth (water) ; to spring up,

jj-iwaJl Jii d.

i*_l LI joj cadastre, land register; joj make itself feit (an idea, a social tend-

<~«*Jl d. al-yaumiya diary, Journal; jJL. ency, and the like) VI to shove or push

j-'UJl mask ad-d. bookkeeping one another; to push or shove one an-
other away or aside; to push off, shove
ijUjö-i daflarkäna archives, pubHc rec-
off (je- from); to issue in intermittent
ords Office (Eg.) | i jLull ihl^M ÜU-JUj gush forth intermittently ; to
bursts ,

d. al-amläk al-'aqäriya land-registry office

buret forth, rush out, sally (j* from); to
(Tun.) be driven forward to
be propelled, ;

storm forward VII to dart off*, rush off;

Li^iij difieriyä diphtheria
to proeeod rashly, blindly, without
jz dafara to push, push back (» s.o.);
— forethought; to be too impetuous, be
dafira a (dafar) to stink too hotheaded; to plunge headlong (j
into s.th.); to rush, dart, make (Jl at
jti dafar stench
s.th.), pounce (Jl on s.th.); to rush off,
jti dafir stinking, fetid with
hurry off, go quickly (Jl to; foll.

push imperf.: to do s.th.); to give o.s. (J to

^Jj dafasa to hide (* s.th.); to
s.o.); to burst forth, gush out, pour
Jj dafa'a a (daf) to push; to push away, forth, spurt, spout, flow, run (j* from;
shove away, puBh back, drive back, repel, water); to let o.s. be carried away or be
remove, dislodge, drive away (je *, » overcome (*\jj by B.th., e.g., ^j_j+- *\jj

s.o., s.th. from); LjU- 4*»j (jäniban) to Sahawätihi by one'ß bodily appetites,

push, shove, or elbow, s.o. aside; to rid »jjtJ- *\jj by one*s feehngs, Äi*-LJl »Ijj by
(*-jÜ je o.a., * of s.th.), get rid of s.th.; worldly things) ; to proeeed, Bet out, begin
to get the better (*, » of b.o., of s.th.), (with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.) X to try
conquer, maater control (• s.o., * s.th.); to ward off or stave off (* B.th., ^ by)
to fight (i-> * s.th. with); to reject,

repudiate {* s.th.); to rebut, refute, •ii daf pushing back, shoving aside;
disprove (* B.th.); to propel, drive (* repulsion, driving away, driving off; dis-

pelhng; parrying, warding off, staving off;

s.th.); to move, cause, urge, impel, egg
on, goad (• or ^ s.o., Jl or J to do s.th.), repulse, rejectiou, repudiation; rebuttal;

induce, incite, force, compel, oblige (• handing over, turning in; payment
 286
C"
i**j daf'a (n. vic.) pl. dafa'ät shove, eruption; elan, dash, impetuosity, rash-
push, thrust; impetus, impact, momen- ness, hotheadedness, fire, exuberance,
tum, forceful impulae, drive; ejaculation; effusiveness; Belf-abandon ; Ltüajl tn-
paymen t ; deposit ; disbursement ; pl. difä'an spontaneously
issuea (stock market)
UUjjI indifä'a (n. vic.) sudden out-
l*ij duf'a pl. dufu'äl, dufaät that burst, outbreak (e.g., of wailing)
which issues at any one time, a burst, a
Jlj däfi* repellent, expellant; driving
gush, a spurt, and the like; time, in-
pushing, giving impetus, incentive, im
atance |
Ia*-\j i*o (duf'atan) all at one
pellent, propelling, propulsive. etc.; re
time, all at once, in one Btroke, in one
peller; payer, e.g., i_Jl^iJ| ^Jlj the tax
feil awoop; WaJl »Ä» this time; oUii c— payers; (pl. Jlp dawäfi'*) incentive
six timea; ojUu oLb J* (mutafäwita) at
impulse, impetus, spur, motive; Jl-b
different times
(with foll. genit.) motivated by..., by
£jij dajfä' propelling, impelling, giv- reason of ..., on the strength of ...
ing impetua; O piston (techn.)
oUJa. madfü'ät payments
£».u midfa' pl. JIa. madäfi' 2 gun,
„ JIa. muHäfi' defender (j* of s.o., of
cannon | Q or^ll *Ju» JI.U (6o'tda/ ai-
B.th.)
wwwwuJ) Iong-range guns; ^lUj Ja.
(ra&$ä&) machine gun; O <*^ j»#'-u Jij dafaqa u % {dafq) to pour out, pour
(dakma) heavy artülery; SjLüI »#1x11 forth (* B.th.); —u {dafq, j Jj dufüq) to
oljTUJ (mudadda) or ol/LU ojULl Jhil be shed; to flow, well out, spout, guah
(mu^ätüima) anti-aircraft guns; J^tf Ja. forth; to overflow (* with s.th.) V to
O ol_/UJ jLi. (*wJä/t, mu<iädd) three-bar- pour forth, spout forth, gush forth; to
reled anti-aircraft gun (mil.) ; jjU Ja. m. rush in; to break forth, break out, burst
häumn mortar; ^Ul Ja. darb m.
<->_,* out; to go off (shot); to plunge blindly
az-zuhr marking of exact noon by cannon (jr Jl into s.th.); to rush
(J* against);
shot to crowd
(J* into) VII = V
,j*iA. midfa'i gun-. cannon-, artillery- jö dafq pouring out, effuBion
(in Compounds); artilleryman, gunner,
Uij dufqa pl. dufuqät, dufaqät, dufqät
cannoneer
= i*ij duf'a |
«ju-j. iijj (dufqatan) =
i-»*j- midfa'iya artülery Ij*-\j iJj; £j\ oUij d. ar-rih gusts;

£Üj difä' protection; defense (^ of »Lil ^ am* gush of water

s.th., of B.o. , also jur.) *UaII J**- £o# od-d.
|
jüj daffäq bursting forth, darting
line of defense; halfbacks (soccer); Sfi-
IJ out, rushing out
^LjaJI majlis ad-d. defense Council; lj\jj
J»aI tadaffuq outpour, outflow, issae,
£UaII ministry of defense, war miniatry;
effluence, efflux, effusion; influx, run,
JiyJl £ÜaII (uw^ant) national defense;
rush, inniah, inpour; outbreak, outburst;
olj-'UJi jLiil £ÜjJI (mu4ädd) anti-aircraft
impulsiveness ; exuberance, effusivenesa
defense; ^jt j-Uj legitimate self-defenBe
Jilj däfiq pl. jjlji dawäfiq* bursting
jjpUj d*'/ä'i defensive, protective
forth, breaklng out, erupting; gushing,
IjJIa. mudäfa'a defense (j* of s.th.) torrential

£UajI indifä* pl. -ö( ruBh(ing), plunging, t^i-Lu mutadafliq impulsive; exuberant,
plunge (j into); outhurst, outbreak, effusive
 ; ;

J^

Jij diflä oleander (Nerium oleander L.; bot.) (bahiä) to investigate carefully; ^kJI jji

(nazara) to watch attentively or carefully,

jö dafana i (dafn) to bury, inter, inhume scrutinize, examine closely <j s.th.); jjj
{» s.o.); to bide, conceal, keep secret (*
51»»- ^1.1 (mvlähazata) to observe closely
e.th.)
III to deal scrupulously (• with s.o.) IV to
jii dafn burial, interment, inhumation make fine, make thin {* s.th.) VII to be
crushed, brayed, pounded; to be broken
|
,>ii dafin pl. »Uij dufanä' 2 buried,
*ip j^jl ('unquhü) he broke his neck
interred; hidden, secret
X to be or beoome thin or fine

i-ii daflna pl. ^Ui dafä'in 2 bidden

iji daqq crushing, bruising, braying,
treaaure, treasure-trove
pounding; pulverization, trituration;
,y-U madfan, Ü-u madjana pl. ,jilx. grinding (down); beat(ing), throb(bing);
ffuu2ä/in 3 burying place, burial ground, bang(ing), knook(ing), rap(ping) ; tat-

cemetery too(ing) | fj*j)?\

ji d. al-jaraa peal, ring-
ing, sound of a bell; .iLJ-l ja d. al-hanak
öÜi see jj chatter, prattle

ji io^jtz i (üi diqqa) to be thin, fine, fragile, ja diqq fine, thin; little, small, tiny,
frail; to be little, small, tiny, minute; minute; delicate, fragile, frail |
ja j&
to be subtle, delicate ; to be insignificant, ißajar) shrubbery, brush, scrub; joJI J-
t

unimportant, trifling, inconsiderable ; to hummä d-d. hectic fever

be too fine, too subtle (j* for perception)

Üa daqqa bang, knock,
— u (daqq) to crush, bruise, bray (*
(n. vic.) pl. -ät

rap; beat, throb; stroke, striking (of a

s.th.) ; to grind, pulverize, powder (*
elock); hammer, hammering sound;
s.tb.); to pound {* s.th., e.g., meat); to
thumping, thump { ,_-UJI oüa d. al-qalb
stnke (clock); to beat, throb (heart); to
heartbeata; ^v4-l «a d. al-jaraa peal, or
hammer, throb (engine); to knock, rap,
ring, of a bell; telephone call, ring
bang (*-jUI al-bäba on the door); to
bump {iwU-Li <~!j rasahü bi-l-haif one's üa diqqa thinness; finenesB; smallness,

bead against the wall); to drive (* a tininess, minuteness ; triviality, petti.

nail); to ram in, drive in (constr. eng.); ness, paltriness ; subtlety, subtleness,

to beat, strum, play finesse ; critical or precarious

(J* a muBical in-
State,

strument); to type (J* on a typewriter); delicate Situation; accuracy, exactness.

— to sound, resound, ring out (said of exactitude, precision |
5jJj exactly, aa
musical instrumenta) yi-l jj (jarasa) curately, precisely, minutely, painS'
| cr
to ring the bell; ^U-'l ^-^ Öj (;'. al-kafar) takingly, meticulously, sharply ; jj*i)l Üa
to sound the alarm; acuteness of feeling, sensitivity, sen-
J* cr yi-l ja to call
s.o. up, give s.o. a ring; ^A-l ö-i (jarasu) sitiveness, sensibüity

the bell rang; ie-1 11 cJi the clock Struck Üa duqqa pl. jia dugag fine dust;
II to triturate, pulverize, reduce to powder
powder {* s.th.); to bo precise, exact,
jtfa duqäq crushed, brayed, or pulver-
strict, meticulous, painstaking, proceed
with utmost accuracy
ized, substance; powder; flour of lupine
or care (j in
s.th.) ; to scrutinize, examine closely, jJa daqiq pl. jtfa diqäg, Üal adiqqa
determine exactly (* s.th.); to do (* fine, thin; delicate, frail, fragile; little,
s.th.) carefully, with precision j £*J1 jii small, tiny, puny, minute ; subtle
 ;

<*> 288

t
paltry, petty, trifling, trivial; precise, ac *ii daqi'a a (daqa ) to grovel, cringe; to be
curate, exact; painstaking, scrupuloua, miserable, wretched, humble, abject; to
meticuloua; inexorable, relentless, strict, live in poverty IV do. to make miserable
;

rigorous; delicate (Situation), critical, (» s.o.; poverty)

trying, seriouB, precarious ; — flour, meal f-Uol idqä' masa poverty
i_jLXI jJi keeping strict account, strict,
«j.u mudqi* miserable, wretched; de-
relentlesa, inexorable; jj*li\ Jjj sensi-
grading, abasing (poverty)
tive; r* <fN JJi d. ap-ßan' finely worked,

of delicate workmanship ; ^kJ! Jjj d.

Jjj daqal maat (of a ahip); mainmast; (coli.;
an-nazar clear-sighted, penetrating, dia n. un. S) a brand of dates of good quality

cerning, sensitive; jJ-i y\ abü d. butter- (magr.)

fly; UJaJI »Lä^l (a'dä') the genitals

x
ib dakka u (dakk) to make nat, level or
dJLij daqiqa pl. Jjlii daqä'iq 2 particle; even. to smooth, level, ram, stamp, tamp
nicety ; intricacy ; detail, particular (a earth, the ground, a road); to presa
minute (time unit) |
j_^V' jJl« the nice- down, weigh down to beat down to dev-; ;

ties, intricacies, or secret implications of astate, demolish, destroy, ruin (* a.th.)

things II to mix, mingle (* s.th.) VII to be

Jl« daqqäq grinder, crusher ; flour cruahed; to be leveled

merchant; frequently or constantly beat- iii dakk pl. ii^j dukük level ground; —
ing, striking, etc.; player of an instru- devastation, demolition, destruction
ment j
üÜj i*L- repeater (watch)
ÄS*j dakka pl, -ät rubblestone, crushed
UL*j daqqäqa knocker, rapper (of a rock; hallast
door)
iS*j dikka pl. iJS'j dikak bench
Jii adaqq 2 finer; more delicate; smaller,
Otfj dukkän pl. j^STa dakäkin 2 bench;
tinier; more accurate, preciser; stricter
störe, shop
ja* midaqq beetle; pounder, pestle;
(jrfSj rfujfcjtönj'i storekeeper, shop-
(eg.) trail, footpath
keeper, retailer
Sj-U midaqqa pl. JI.U madäqq 2 pound-
£j.u midakk pl. -öf ramrod; O tamper
er, peatle; beetle; clapper, tongue (of a
rammer
bell)
a
iJi II to provide (* trousers) with a waist-
jJ-iJ tadqiq accuracy, precision, exact-
band (dikka or tikka)
ness, exactitude I J-»J£j exactly, precisely,

accurately, minutely ÄS^ dikka (= <SLj tikka) waistband (in

the upper seam of trousers)

JJ.U mudaqqiq exact, accurate (acholar),

thorough (investigator), painstaking, me- iij^lj^i diktätüriya dictatorship

tieulouB, strict, relentlesa
tSjjJl^A dtWöiürt dictatorial
jj.u mudaqqaq precise, exact (data)
j V^i du&ur pl. S^'Si dakätira doctor |

Sylj däqira pl. _^\ji dawäqir2 elay vessel J^ii-I j jj^i doctor of law», LL.D. jjä'* ;

(tun.) ; — stipend for underprivileged JiJI j (Jtfcft) doctor of medicine, M.D.

students (tun.)
• I; j^j dwiiüniÄ doctorate, doctorship,
(•_j-13j> daqSüm (eg.) rubblestone, crushed doctor's degree, title of doctor |
'»\jj£jS\

honarary doctorate
rock; brickbats, gravel Ä
iJiJö\ (fakriya)
 ; . ;-;;

289

jj* iddakara see ^Sj coffee (among Syrian nomads and in

some parts of Saudi Arabia)
yij'* (It. decreio) dileritö pl. ob/j decree
JVi daläl coquetry, coquettiHhness
»jTil odfcan', f. •LTi dajfcnä"" pl. jT» dufcn
pampering, coddling, spoiling
blackish, dark (color)
JJj dalxl pl. Uil adilla, Jfti dalä'il*,
j^Ij <fdjfc»n dark, dark-colored | ^r-»*-' »"i/al adiUd' s (the latter of persona)
^Tlj dark green; ^Ij ^L*l yellowish, of
symptom
indication ( J* of ) sign, token ; ;

a dingy yellow, mud-colored

proof, evidence (J* of); guide; tourist
"ülfi aee 1
iij
guide, cicerone; pilot (of a ship, of an
airplane) ; guidebook, guide manual,
Jj datta u (iJV-J daläla) to show, demons träte, handbook directory telephone directory
; ,

point out (J* to s.o. s.th.); to lead, railroad guide, timetable ; guide rail
guide, direct, conduct (Jl or J* • s.o. to), (teckn.); roller path (in steel conetruc-
show s.o. (•) the way (Jl or J* to); to tion) JJaJl *\i\ to furnish the proof
| J*
show, indicate, mark (J* s.th.); to point for, demonstrate, prove s.th.; j^U JJi
(J* to s.th.), evince, indicate, denote, (zarfi) circumstantial evidence; »Uli JJi
imply, bespoak, suggest (J* s.th.), be cogent proof, conclusive evidence
indicative, be suggestive (J* of); to
prove
JVi daüäl auctioneer; broker, Jobber,
furnish evidence (J* for s.th.),

(J* s.th.);
— (Ist pers. perf. dalaltu) i
middleman, agent, commission mer-
chant; hawker
(JV-i daiäl) to be coquettish, flirt, dally

(of a woman; J* with s.o.) II to prove ÄJ^i daläla pl. -ät pointing; guidance;

the proof (J* for), leading, leadership; indication (J* of);

(J* s.th.), furnish
sign, token; sense, meaning
confirm, corroborate (.-»
J* s.th. with);
to seil or put up at auction, auction off
*J *il i diläla auction, public sale

(J* B.th.); to pamper, coddle, spoil (• business of a broker or middleman

s.o.); to fondle, caress, pet (» a child) brokerage commission ; trade of a dealer,
IV to make free, take liberties (J* with Jobber or agent
s.o.); to pride o.s. (.-» on), be conceited
U^ .1 daUäla middlewoman, woman
(<-» of )V to be coquettish, flirt, dally (of
broker
a woman; J* with s.o.); to be coy,
behave affectedly; to take liberties Jjl adalP proving more cogently (J*
(J#
with to pamper, coddle (J* s.o.)
s.o.);
s.th.), more indicative or Buggestive (J*
X to ask to be shown (J* s.th.); to seek °0 I J* J^ J ^ (dalilin) the surest
evidence of, the best proof of
Information, inform (J* about); to o.s.

obtain information; to be informed (J* JJjJ iadlll reasoning, argumentation,

about) ; to be guided (.-» by), act or prooeed demonstration; proving (J* of), furnish
in acoordance with (<-»); to conclude, ing of proof or evidence (J* for); cor-
gather, infer (J* s.th., .-» or from), ^ roboration, subsbantiation, confinnation
draw conclusions (i_j or j- from, J* with pampering, coddling, spoiling; fondling,
regard to), judge (J* s.th., or ,> by) ^ petting, caressing; pet form (of a name) |

Li* doli proper, dignined conduct JJi=JI ~.\ pet name; ,> ">U JJ as a pet

coquetry, flirtation form of . .

<!:> daüa pl. J^i diläl pot with long JJOj tadaüul coquetry, coquettishneas
curved spout and handle used for making pampering, coddling, spoiling
 200

JV-tJ istidläi reasoning, argumenta- out, hang out, loll (tongue); to dart out,
tion, demonstration ; conclusion, infer- lick out, leap out, flare up fflame), break
ence, deduction; proof, evidence (Je of) out (fire) ; to be pampered, spoiled
(child)
<! 1 i dälla familiarity, chumminess
liberty (that one takes with s.o.); ^Jj daT: ^JjJl _J um ad-d. pet name
audacity, boldness
f-V^ dallä' (coli.; n. un. I) watermelon
J^J-U madlül proven; (pl. -äi) mean- (magr.)

ing, aense |
oU£jl oVjJ-U m. al-kalimät
üUIj dilgän clay
lexical meanings
.JJj dalafa i (dalf, J>Ji dulüf, jLib dalafän)
JJ-U mtidaUal pampered, spoiled (child)
to walk with short steps, toddle; to go
J-U mudill preaumptuous, arrogant | or walk slowly, saunter, stroll (Jl to);
*-uLj Ja. (bi-nafsihl) conceited, seif- to advance toward); to approach
(Je
important step by step (Jl s.o. or s.th.); to pene-
trate, reach (Jl as far as); to grope (Jl
'«Ja dtdb plane tree, sycamore (bot.)
for, of the hand); to leak, drip, trickle

VV/-» pl- <-r=J!p I°°b U P alphabetically (water)

Üj Nile Delta, Lower Egypt O «-ÜI J dälif pl. J«l \j* dawälif 3 ricochet
(mil.)

£s IV to set out at nightfall

^iii dulfin pl. ^jVj daJäfin 7 dolphin

r^i dalüh pl. A-j <JuJuA moisture-laden cloud

jjj dalaqa u to spül, pour out (> a liquid)
JjJi daldala to set into a swinging motion, VII to be spilled (liquid)

dangle II tadaldala to hang loosely,

Jli dalaka u {dalle) to rub (* s.th.); to stroke
d angle
{* s.th.), pass the hand (* over s.th.); to
JaJj dvidid and JjJJj duldül porcupine knead (ü^»*N the dough); — u (i]jii

(zooj.) dulük) to set, go down (sun) II to rub (*

s.th., * s.o.), embrocate (* s.th.); to
,jJj II to swindle, cheat; to counterfeit, knead; to massage (» s.o.)
forge, falaify (* s.th.) III to deceive,
dlj dalk rubbing; grazing, brushing,
defraud {• s.o.), impose (• on)
touching, touch
(J^IaJ tadtis deceit, fraud; swindle
iJjJj dalük liniment
^-Jaj tadlisi fraudulent
iJjJj dviük, u~~ll\ iljii d. aS-Sams
(jJ-L* mudaüas foxged, counterfeit |
snnset
*-Ja* j^Ju connterfeit money; ^Jo- r^Li.
.iiJij tadtik embrocation; massage
forged keys
iW-U mudaüika pl. -Öl masseuse
gla iafa'a a (daT) with *SU lisänahü: to
stiok out one'» tongue; to
*Ij II to rob s.o. (•) of his senses, drive (• s.o.)
loll, let the
tongue hang out II to pamper, spoil
crazy (love) V to go out of one's mind,
(•

a child); to caress, fondle, pet go crazy (with love) | «u>- j c-iiS (hubbihi)
(« s.o.)

IV she has fallen in love with him

(J
Jd\ ^J-b »^ (eg.) a nauaeating, dis-
gusting thing VII to stick out, be stuck -Jj* mvdallah madly in love
 ; )

291
r»
li IT idlahamma to be dark, gloomy; to be Üb look up alphabetically
deep-black
l
** dam pl. »Co d\ma blood; »Li homioide
-Ij dalham dark, gloomy; deep-black
cases (jur.) \
^j»-^ <o d. al-akawain
fLA.il idlihmäm a deep block dragon's blood (a dark-red, resinous

la* mwttaAtmm dark, gloomy; deep- substance derived from the dragon tree,

black Dracaena draco)

i/a dami blood- (in Compounds),

jjj II to let hang, dangle (* s.th.); to hang,
sanguine
suspend {* s.th.); to lower (* s.th.); to

drop, let down, let fall down (* s.th.) ,4^.} damaivi blood- (in Compounds),
IV = II; to cast down {* glances, Jl on sanguine; aanguinary, bloody
s.o.) ; to let one's glance {ajUüL bi-anzäriki)
a
Ai damma u (dämm) to coat, smear, besmear
Bweep down; to express, utter, voice (*-»
(l-j a s.th. with); to paint, daub, color,
s.th., e.g., aAj bi-ra*yihi one's opinion)
dye, tinge, tint (^ * s.th. with) II to rub,
to deliver, make {f:j-*z>, a Statement;
embrocate, anoint (ij * s.th. with)
pol.); to adduce, present, advance, offer
(*j** bi-hujjatin an argument); to (O dämm ointment, unguent, salve,
inform, notify, advise (>-> Jl s.o. of), let liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,

(Jl s.o.) know (^t about); to offer, dye, dyestuff; rouge

present (<-*> Jl to s.o. s.th.); to grant, give
aIo dimäm ointment, unguent, salve,
(J £j4* an interview to s.o.); to Blander,
liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,
defame, asperse (j s.o.) |
»V-dl JU »J* JjI dye, dyestuff; rouge
(daiwahü, dilti*) or »"Voll j «j$x> J.il to make
one's oontribution (together with others),
—j damim pl. aIo dimäm ugly; de-
formed, mifishapen Üli^l **o d. al-küqa
add one's touch, put in one's two bits' |

ugly to look at, of repulsive appearance

worth V to hang down, be Buspended,
dangle (,y from); to be lowered, be let 1.L.J damäma ugliness; ugly appear-
down; to be or become low; to sink, de- ance; abominableness, monstrosity
scend i^ÄJl J-C to threaten to fall down,
|
A.jJI ad-dammäm Dammam (seapott
be ready to fall
in E Saudi Arabia, on the Persian Gulf
jis dalw usually f., pl. J-il adlin, »"V-i

dila, »yd adla leather bücket; bücket, £*..! damuta u (HjUa damäta) to be gentle,

pail; Aquarius {astron.) mild (character) II to soften, mellow {*

s.th.)
4j^j daüäya pendant
i*.j damit pl. ^jL.j dimät: j^U-'Vl i-J
."VjI idlä' delivery (of a Statement);
gentle, mild-tempered
utterance, Statement ; presentation ; grant-
ing olo damäta mildness, gentlenesa,

«JIj däliya pl. Jljj dawälin water- tenderness (of character)

wheel <for irrigation); trellia, espalier on

£i damaja u (pj-J dumüj) to enter (j
which grapevines are trained; varix,
go or come into (j), be inserted,
s.th.),
varicose vein write short-
incorporated (j in) II to

Jui* mutadallin pendent, suspended, hand IV to twist tightly, twine firmly

hanging, dangling ; projecting, over- (a s.th.); to enter, insert, include, in-
hanging, ready to fall down corporate, embody (j a s.th. in); to
 292
E°
introduoe, interpolate, intercalate <j * 4
D i$j>j* V lä dümari ( = jj-JJ V) nobody,

s.th. in) ; to annex (

j * s.th. to) VH to oe no one, not a living soul
inserted, be incorporated (j in); to be
^•Oj tadmur*, usually pronounced tudmur,
annexed (j to); to merge (j with), be
Palmyra (ancient city in Syria, now a
awallowed up, be absorbed (j by); to
small village)
be fused, fuse, amalgamate
iSj+JJ iadmuri, usually pronounced
«aJ tadmij shorthand, stenography
tvdmuri, someone, somebody; tSj*^ V
- La I idmäj insertion , incorporation nobody, no one t not a living soul
Interpolation; inolusion (j in); assim-
_r
^i damasa u to hide, conceal, disguise (*
ilation (

B.th.); to bury (^jVI j • s.o. in the

r-L.Ajl indimäj incorporation, insertion ground) II do.
(j in); amalgamation, merger, merging
_r
^a dims (eg.) cinders, ashes
(j with); absorption (j by); annexation
I

(
J to) ; fuaion ; assimilation i-lo damäsa darkness

+x* mudmaj firm, compact ^lol admäa (pl.) hovels, shanties,

huta
+JI+ mundamij firm, compact, tight
^j*} dammüs pl. t
^-£*L*.i damdmls 3
Ülrfj damajäna (also ULfb) pl- -ät demijohn,
cave, cavern
carboy
^Ic j daimäs, dimäs, ^j* j daimüs pl.

aX*s damdama to mutter, grumble, growl,

( ri»ljj dayämls* dungeon; vault
_

snarl
l _r
^1j dämia pitch-dark; dark, gloomy,
l*x** damdama pl. -ät growl, snarl; dusky
rumbling noiae, rumble
tr- i* Jji fül mvdammaa stewed beans
lj*s damara u to perish, be ruined, be de-
j±+i dimo&tf, dimüq* Damascus (capital of
stroyed II to annihilate, destroy, min,
Syria)
demolish, wreck (* s.th.) V to be de-
stroyed, demolished, ruined, wreoked £L-i* mvdamSaq damascened, dam-
VII to be destroyed, be annihilated asked; (syr.) having adopted a sophia-
tioated Btyle of living (imitating that of
jUj damär min, destruotion
Damascus), urbanized
j^jj tadmlr annihilation, destruction,
*a* dama'a a to water (eye) IV to cause to
demolition
weep, evoke tears, make (the eyes) water
jUojl indimär utter defeat, rout, de-
~o dam" pl. fj*a dumü' tears
Btruction, annihilation
i*o dam'a (n. un.) tear, teardrop
~t,j*X> mvdammira pl. -ät destrpyer
(eg.) dim'a gravy
(naut.)

vuj dam'i: i~**a <JLi (qunbula) tear-

jj^j dammür (eg.) a coarse calico-like
gas bomb
fabrio
lui dami'a and *-*.! daml' pl. ^ywJ
tSjj** dammüri {eg.) made of dammür
dam'd, joUa damö'i' 1 readily inclined to
(see above)
weep, frequently weeping, tearful, lach-
Kj^i damlra (eg.) flood season of the Nile rymose (woman)

k.
 9ys damu and flo dammä' watering, tumor, ulcer ; f uruncle ; bubo, plague
watery, tearful (eyes) boil; inveterate evil

uXt madma' pl. »I.U madämi ri lach-

J* j oy. U> faün dummatt bubonio
rymal canal plague

'«j damaya a to refute, invalidate (* a pLä dumluj pl. £lo damälij' bracelet, bangle
falsehood, an error, a false accusation);
to triumph (* over falsehood; said of
l
j*i damana u (damn) to fertilize, manure,
düng (* the soil) IV to give o.a. up,
truth)
devote o.a., apply
(J* or * to), go in
o.a.
f-Lj dimäg pl. lk*i\ admiga brain
for (Jp or *); to be addicted (J* e.g., to

iiJi ~<J? kujja dämiga cogent argu- Hquor)

menta 4«*b »jl+i (laAöäa) irrefu table
j*^ dimn (coli. ; n. un. •
)
pl. j-j diman
teatimony
fertilizer, manure, düng
2 '^* damaga u [damg) to stamp, provide or i-o dimno pl. j*i diman vestiges or
mark with a stamp (* s.th.); to hallmark remnants of a dwelling, ruins
(a gold and silver articles); to brand (*
jlo damän fertilizer, manure, düng
an animal)
ülol idmän addiction; excees; mania;
«j damg stamping j
c-U^ail «j (2.

dipsomania j OJ^S-JJ OUjI i. al-muskirät

al-ma&ügät hallmarking of gold and
alcoholism
silver articlea

j^-U mudmin addicted, given up (J*

oL.j damga stamp; hallmark (on gold
e.g., to wine); an addict (J* of)
and silver articles) j 4*0 3jj waraq d.

stainped paper 2
üLj durnän see ülyj

y_yX* madmüg stamped, bcaring a

j^*j damankür 2 Damanhür (city in N Egypt)
stamp
^j*^ see 1 pi
IjI^Ä.j dimuqräti democratic; democrat

<\>\jÄ»i dimuqrä}iya democracy; demo-

:
t/j damiya a to bleed II and IV to cause to

cratic attitude or conviction bleed

flj dämin bleeding, bloody, gory

(j-Ä-j dimaqs raw silk

,^-Äo dimaq&i silken, silky

^x* rn.udam.Tnan, f. öL.u bloody; blood-
red
il^-x. madmük and <il*.U mudmai firm, tight,

taut
B
i*ji dumya pl. ^j duman statue, Statuette;

image, effigy; dummy; doli

Jo damala u (daml, j^Li damalän) to
fertilize, manure, düng (* the soil); — J»Lo dimyät* Damietta (city in N Egypt)
damila a (damal) to heal, heal up, scor
ji danna u (dann, ^J^ dantn) to buzz, hum
over, cicatrize (wound) VII to heal, heal
(inaect); to drone
up, scar over, cicatrize (wound) ; to

fester, suppurate (sore) üi dann and ^j danin buzz(ing),

hum(ming), droning, drone

J*i dummal (n. un. *) pl. J*lo damä*
mii*, J—lo damämiP abscess, boil, sore, üj dann pl. üli.» dinän earthen wine jag
 -

llj 294

y
\ji danaa a and JJj danu'a u (*'j* dunü a, ijajj danaf long illness; O cachexia,
«•Ijj tfcwä'a) to be low, mean, base, vile, marasmus (med.)
contemptible, despicable
»Ju.u mttdnif, mudnaf emaciated,
»Ji dani pl. • UjI adniyä' 2 .UjI adnä'
, haggard, weak
low, base, mean, vile, despicable, con-
temptible; inferior, second-rate, of poor Jh'-s look up alphabetically

quality
<UJj dunqula Dongola (town in N Sudan,
UjI adna' 2 lower, viler, meaner; more on the Nile)
inferior, of poorer quality

J.Uj» danä'a lowness, basenesa, mean-

ness, vileness; inferiority iJjXi danmark 2 Denmark

^Ji, Äkjj (Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace, lace- (jji and U-i) Ij-> (Jana u (_jjj dunüw, yUi danä*
work wa) to be near, be close; to come or go
near s.o. or s.th. (
j* or Jl or J), approach
J^j dinjil (eg.) pl. J>-Uj danäjil 2 axle, axle-
((>' J'« J 8 '°-> ß-th.); to come close, get
tree
close (j*, Jl, J to), approximate (j*, Jl,

4-j-ijj (Turk. dondurnia) rfandurma ice cream J s.th.); to draw near, be imminent (time,
event); j* *j Uj to bring s.o. close to ...;
ÜjUj danädiSa common people, people of no — Jj daniya a (Uj danan, *j_Uj danöytz)
conaequence
to be low, lowly; to be or become mean,
base, vile, despicable, contemptible II to
jjjj dandana to buzz, hum; to drone; to
murmur bring close (* s.th., • s.o., j* to), bring,
hum softly, croon (a song); to
take or move {* s.th., • a.o.) near (j*),
i$JLo dindl (eg.) turkey approximate (* s.th., j* to); to apply
o.s. (j to s.th.), buay o.s. (j with
jLjj pl. _tjUj look up alphabetically
s.th.), delve (j hito); <-Ju J.i (nafsahü)
^ä danisa a [danaa) to be aoiled, sullied, to lower o.s., abäse o.s., humble o.s. III to
defiled, polluted II to stain, soü, dirty, approach (« s.o., * s.th.), come or get
befoul, sully, pollute, cont»minate (* near s.o. or s.th. (•, *), come or get close
s.th.); to dishonor, disgrace f* s.th.); to («, * to); to approximate (* s.th.); to
desecrate (* a.th.) V pass. of II measure up (*, • to) j
JIju V »^ (yu*
dänä) an unequaled thing IV to be
^j danaa pl. u-li.il odnäa uncleanneas,
near, be close; to approach (j^ or Jl or J
dirt, filth, aqualor; stain, blemish, fault
s.o. or a.th.), come, go or draw near s.o.
^i dantsjü. (J-IjjI adnäa, »l—ij dunaaä' 2
or s.th. (j», Jl, J), come close, get cloae
unclean, soiled, sullied, foul, polluted,
(j*» J'> J to); to bring close (• s.o., *
defiled, stained
s.th., j* to), bring, take or move (• s.o.,

,^-wJJ tadnis pollution, defilement, soü- * s.th.) near (,>•), approximate (* s.th.,

ing, sullying, contamination; dishonor jf* to); to lower, drop (* s.th., e.g., the
ing, disgracing; deaecration, profanation veil) V to approach gradually (Jl s.th.
or s.o.); to be debased, sink low, sink,
*JJj danija a (danaf) to be seriously ül
decline; to lower o.e., abäse o.s., humble
IV do.
o.s. VI to come near each other, get close

*Jüj danif pl. öUjI adnäf seriously ill to each other, approach one another; to
 ,

298 J»>

be olose together; to approaoh, approxi- i$jjs dunyawi, j jLb dunyäwi worldly,

mate (> s.th.) VIII JjI iddanä to be mundane, secular ; earthly, temporal,

near, be olose, come or draw near, ap- transitory, transient

proach X to wish to be nearer or closer, »jiji danäwa nearness, oloseness, prox-

try to oome nearer or cloeer; to aeek to
imity, propinquity; lowness, lowliness;
fetch or bring closer (* s.th., Jl to, to meanness, baseness, viloness
0.8.), reach out (* for s.th.), wish («Jl *
*jUj danäyä lowness, lowliness; mean-
for s.th.)
ness, baseness, vileness
y i dunüw ad vent, approaoh ; proximity

an event) ÜAl tadannin sinking, deoline ; low

nearness, imminence (of
Ievel, nadir (fig.) |
J*>UVl Jo=JI (aküqi)
Jj daniy pl. »Uil adniyS* near, olose;
the low level of morality, the moral
low, lowly; mean, base, vile, despioable,
deoline
contemptible, inferior, infamous, deprav-
61» dänin low; near, close
ed

iJj daniya pl. -ät, LUi danäyä a base ö\xl* muiadänin olose together
quality or habit; s.th. disgraoeful, in-
jMi dahr pl. j_y*> duhür, jh*\ adhur time;
famy, vile aotion
long time, age, epoch; lifetime; eter-
Jj>l adnä, f. L'a dunyd pl. m. utal nity; fate, destiny |
j*a)l ob banät
addnin, üys\ adnauna, pl. f. Ja dunan ad-d. blows of fate, trials, affliotions, mis-
nearer, closer ; situated lower down, fortune; j*-Ul JujL^S and j*-dl J>jy*
nether; lower, inferior; lowlier; smaller, vioissitudes of fate, ohanges of fortune;
of less significance; more appropriate, adversities, adverse circumstanoes; jm
better suited, more suitable | J.il/1 j^-ilf ^j*UH dahra d-dähirtn for all eteraity,
(sorg) the Near East; Jil/I ^>U (maj* forever and ever; j*aJI _^T Jl ttf äffiri d~d.

rib) Algeria; JujJ\ J^ > JjI (AaM* do.; 4^ j*ill ... V (od-daAra JfettUaAA)

aJ-wortd) very near or close, imminent; never in all one's life

öy^\ t-oÜ'ill the dosest relatives; •lol j-

^j*i dahri an adherent of the dahriya,
«Lull Jl (aqpähu) from one end to the
a materialistio, atheistio dootrine in
other; wholly, entirely, completely, al-
Islam; atheist, freethinker
together; Ji^l -U-l (hadd) the minimum;
•Uil hereinafter, below (in writings, doc- jj*j duAri very old, far advanced in
umenta, etc.) e.g., »Uil öyiji\ {muwaq* years
qi'ün) those signed below, the under-
signed; Jjl ^ (with foll. genit.) not the
^i daham a (= ^la) to trample under-
foot, trample down, orush (* s.th.),
least, not a single, not one
tread (* on s.th.); to run over (•
Lb dunyä (f. of Jil odnä) world;
s.o.)
earth; this world (as opposed to S^T);
life in this world, worldly existence; ^i*.i dahiSa a and pass. duHi&a to be astoniflh-

worldly, temporal things or possessions; ed, amazed, surprised {j- or J at); to

earthly things or concems |

L'JJl 3U-I wonder, marvel («> at); to be baffled,

life in this world; U-dl pl umm od-<f. startled, puzzled, perplexed, taken abaok

Cairo; U.u»ij L'all plil ogäma d-d. n»- (,> or J by) II and IV to astonish, amaze,
aq'adahä approx.: to kick up a dust, surprise, baffle, puzzle, perplex, startle

mähe a stir, move heaven and earth (. s.o.) VII = dahiia

 ;

296

Jljts dahaS perplexity, surprise, con- prise (• s.o.), come unexpectedly (a to

stemation, alarm, dismay s.o.); to enter suddenly, raid, invade (a

^t*^ dahiS astonished, s.th.) II to blacken (* s.th.) III to befall,

amazed, sur-
prised; baffled, puzzled, nonplused, per-
seize, grip, attack (* s.o.), come over s.o.

plexed, startled, disconcerted, alarmed, (*; e.g., sickness, despair); to surprise,

upset; dazed, stunned

take unawares, catch red-handed (« s.o.);

to attack suddenly (» s.o.), fall upon s.o.

Üaj dähSa astonishment, amazement,
{*), invade, raid (a e.g., a house); to
surprise, wonder; perplexity, constema-
overtake (» s.o.; fate), catch up with (»)
tion, bafflement, bewilderment, dismay,
IX to be black
alarm
S-*.i duhma blackness
^UaJl indihäS astonishment, amaze-
ment; perplexity, consternation, baffle- ^»il adham %
, f. »l>* dahmä' 2 , pl. jo
ment, bewilderment duhm black, deep-black |
>l>^ <_aI.i

(dähiya) disaster, catastrophe

Ju>x> mudhiS astonishing, amazing,
surprising, marvelous ; pl. -ät amazing *L-*-ül ad'dahmä' the masses, the com-
thingß, marvels, wonders mon people, the populace, also ^Ul »L*i

^fijAJ- madhüs and jlut* mundahiS 3-M-U mudähama police raid; house
astonished, amazed, surprised; perplexed, search
baffled, puzzled, nonplused, startled;
j»J- mudhamm very dark, pitch-dark
overwhelmed
^i dahana u (dahn) to oil («, a s.th., s.o., <^>
\J».> dahaq Stocks (to hold the feet of an
with); to anoint (», a s.th., s.o., <-» with);
offender by way of punishment)
to grease, smear (», a s.th., s.o., ^ with)
JUi dihäg füll (cup), brimful to rub, embrocate (•, a s.th., s.o., <^>

with); to paint, daub (a s.th.); to varnish

*üUaj» dihqän, pl. UUj dahäqina, ,>jIa.i
(a B.th.) II do. III to treat with gentleness
dahäqin 2 man of importance, one who
(» s.o.); to cajole, flatter (» s.o.), fawn («
plays an important role, leading person-
on s.o.); to cheat, dupe, gull, take in,
ality; grandee (in ancient Persia) |
^jIa.1
i-L-JI d. as-siyäsa the political leaders
outsmart (* s.o.) V pass. of I

j*± dahn oiling, greasing; painting,

»il*.i dahaka a (dahk) to crush; to mash (a
daubing
ß.th.)

j»i duhn pl. jlA.il adhän, oy>i duhün,

ji»:> II tadahlaza to stroll about, walk about
-ät, üLaj dihän oil (edible, lubricating,
(in a hall)
for the skin) ; fat, grease
>Uj difUiz pl. jrJUi 2
daAöJ« anteroom,
^a.1 duhni oily, oil, oleic, oleo- (in
vestibule, lobby , foyer ; corridor, hall-
oompounds); fatty, greasy
way |
>1aoJI j.1 ibn ad-d. pl. jJIaoJI »UjI

foundJing tljLiA^ duhniyät fats, oils; fatty aub-

stances
difUl Delhi
J»j
»Laj dahnä' 2 desert
*jo dahama a (dahm) and dahima a (daham)
OLa^ dahhän house painter, painter
to come or descend (* upon s.o.) euddenly;
to surprise, take unawares, take by sur- <~*s ddhina pomade
 ;

297

jl*j dihäifpl. -ät, ii*il adhina cosmetic (»jj) Jj da' pl. *\j*\ adwä' disease, malady |

cream, cold cream, salve, ointment, ._.WJI »1j d. at-ta'lab alopecia, loss of the

unguent; consecrated oü, anointing oil; hair; O ^ß •'* d - ar - ra(19 St. Vitus's

paint, vamish; hypocrisy, dissimulation, dance; O J^l »k d a W*l - elephantiasis

deceit; —
(without pl.) painting, daub- O ükll *\i d. al-minfaqa shingles, herpes

ing; whitewashing |
üUaJJ üjj {warSa) zoster {med.)

paintshop

L*li* mudähana flattery, adulation,

^_jjj II to wear out, wear off (> s.th.)
sycophancy, fawning ; hypocrisy, dis-

simulation; deceit, trickery Sjbji dübära packthread, string, twine, cord,

mudähin flatterer, adulator, syc- rope : thread

j*1j-
ophant; hypocrite poem consisting of
C^jjj dübait a rhymod
j>x. mudhin oily; fatty, greasy four hemistichs

j_j*i dahwara to hurl down (* s.th.); to tear ,-ji VII to spread

down, topple, overthrow (* s.th.) II ta*

rj* dauh branching trees, branches
ddhivara pass. of I; to fall, tumble; to
to be dragged down, sink to i*-jj dauha tall tree with many
slump, flink;
branches; family tree, genealogical tablo
the loweat level

downfall; decline, '**-\a däha top (child's toy)

jj*jJ tadahwur fall,

slump
(rji) r'-> <^fca u {dank) to conquer, subjugate
(> a country); to resign o.s., humble o.s.;
jo dahiya a (»Uj dahä') to be clever, smart,
cunning, artful, wüy; dahä a to befall, — to be or become dizzy, have a feeling of

come over dizziness; to feel ill, be sick, feel nausea

overtake, hit, strike {» s.o.),

= dahä VI to IIto conquer, subjugate (* a people); to

s.o. (
; misfortune) II

pretend to be smart or cunning

make submissive, subdue, humble, hu-
miliate, degrade (• s.o.); to make (• s.o.)

.L»j dahä' smartness, slyness, shrewd- dizzy; to molest, bother, trouble (• s.o.);

nesa, subtlety, cunning, craft to daze, stun (• s.o.) aJ\j £j> (ra'sahü)
|

to make s.o.'s head go round, make s.o.

jsjl adhä smarter, shrewder; craftier,

more skillful, subtler, more dizzy

wilier ;

resourceful; worse, more calamitous i^-p dauka vertigo, dizziness; coma;

nausea
Jj dahin pl. ;l*.> duhäh smart, sly,

shrewd, subtle, cunning, wüy, artful;

f\* dä'ik dizzy
resourceful person
iijjj tadwik subjugation, conquest
L*b dähiya smart fellow, old fox, sly
dog
J
jjj II to be or become worm-eaten

LaIj dähiya pl. *\j* dawähin calamity, ^jj düd (coli.; n. un. S) pl. öUj didän.

disaster, catastrophe |
»L»j <-*!> (dahya) worm; maggot; larva; caterpiilar |
S-ij-i

(dahmä') disaster, ca- j jjLi and _>s!l S-ijJ d. al-qazz silkworm;

and »1>j i-*b
tastrophe; i-*lj j ^yi (fal-yadhab) let f-yW .ip d. ai-qar', ^ß jj.i {qar'%) ascarids;

^jjll ijj d. al-qtTmiz cochineal; ,ji\ *j*

him go to hell!
 298

d. al-miii oheese maggots; i-L*-^l iijil\

f*»1ll (afwäh, asalät aX-aqläm) to be
tapeworm ourrent in both the spoken and written
language, be in general use, be generally
iS>ji düdl wormlike, worm-shaped,
acoepted (e.g., words); IjLel JTIj Ij^i jli
venniform
(bäädan, a'yädan) he had been around in
jjJ- madüd, mudawwid wormy, worm- the world and had Seen a lot; (coüoq.) jlj
eaten »JL. (bälahü) to pay attention
(Jl, Je to),

"D ijJ- midwad — *jX*

be careful Je with); ^"Ul
(Jl, o,lj
calamity overtook them n to tum in a
^
circle, spin, whirl, rotate, revolve (^, t
( J J^) jl* dära u (Ajur, ubja dawarän) to tum,
revolve, rotate, move
s.th.); to turn, tum around (*_., < s.th.);
in a circle (Je, *_*,
to invert, reverse (*_., » s.th.); to make
Jj»- around s.th. or s.o.)! circle (Je, c-., Jj».
round, to round (e s.th.); to circulate,
s.th. or s.o.); to begin to tum or rotate;
pass around (* s.th.); to set going, set in
to circulat«; to go round, apread, be
motion, start s.th.); to wind (* a
(<
current, make the rounds (of rumors,
watch, a clock); to look, searoh
etc.); to run, be in Operation (of a ma- (Je for
s.th.) | «Jj jji (ra'sahü) to tum s.o. 's
chine or engine); to start running, start
head, persuade s.o., bring s.o. round
up (engine); to walk or go about, run
around;
III to go or walk around (• with s.o.) to
to roam, rove, move about, ;

try to bring (. s.o.) round; to ensnare,

wander about, gad about; to make the
inveigle (. s.o.); to try to ensnare (. s.o.);
rounds (J© among people), turn suc-
to try to deceive (> s.o.); to cheat, trick
oessively (Je to several people); to turn,

turn one's face, wheel around; to veer, (J» or ^

. s.o. out of s.th.); to get

stuft, change away, escape, dodge, duck out IV to

ite direction; to change,
take a difibrent turn, become difierent; tum, revolve, rotate, spin, whirl (e s.th.);

to tum (Je against s.o.); to have to do, to tum around, tum (*, ^ s.th., Jl «Jj
one's head toward); to direct
deal ( J^- or Je with), treat ( Sy or Je of ), (Je or Jl *
refer (J^. or Je to), beax (J^ or J» on), s.th. to, toward), aim (Je or Jl > s.th. at);

concem (iy- or Je s.th.); to take place, to circulate, pass around (» s.th.); to

be going on, be in progress, be under set in Operation, set going, set in motion
way; to be discusBed, be talked about ( ju (e a machine, an apparatus); to start,
among); to circulate, pass around (u start up (£l^l al-muharrik the motor);
s.th.); to lead, guide or show around to play, play back (»
(t_> e.g., ULÜ U\J.
s.o.); to let roam, let wander (*^>, 4-i_*j tapes); to act upon s.th. (.), drive (<
bi-nazarihi, bi-'ainaihi one's eyes, one's s.th.); to get under way (e a Job, a
glance, j over) jj durl about face!
| project); to take up (» s.th.); to initiate
(oommand; mit.); *»tj jlj (ra'auhü) to be (e s.th.); to divert, turn away (^e *, •
or become dizzy, giddy; ,^111 £. jlj s.o., s.th. from); to direct, conduct, steer,
(turnt) to trim sail, adapt o.s. to the manage, head, run (* s.th.), be in Charge
Situation; v_^-l ^.j Ojlj (rdkä l-harb) (e of); to revolve in one's mind, think
war broke out; ,^1 UU, Ojlj Jll iijUI over, ponder (» s.th., ül that)
| Jl i^-j, _,bl
the battles that raged yesterday ; *••
jb
* (bi-wajhihi) to tum around to s.o.,
(bi-na/nhi) it passed through his mind; look back at s.o.; *-!> jlil (ra'tahü) to
Jr-WJe jb (alaun) to be much-discussed, tum s.o.'s head, persuade s.o., bring
be on evefyone's Ups; ii.->Uj .ly^l Je jlj round; f^iji
s.o. j i^ii.\ jljl to bring
 J»>

oonversation around to a topio, broaoh or al-hijra Medina; fbjill j\> d. alaMm

discuas a subjeet V to be or become round; orphanage, orphans' home
to be circular X do.; to oirole, rotate, ijb ddra pl. -dt halo (of the moon);
revolve, spin, turn; to turn (Jl to), faoe circle; O («M oircuit; O vüla
(Jl s.o.); to turn around; to tum one'a
jjta ddri domeetio, native
head, look baok; to cirole (iij- s.th.),

walk around a.th. (J>»-) jjjj diirl domestio (animal); jji-»»

j jjj ('ua/«'') »nd JJJ* houae sparrow

j\i dir f., pl. jji dir, jlji diyir, oljl;J
jjj daur pl. jljjl odtoär round (of a
diyara houae; building,
diyärit, h* by
patrol; in sports); role, part (played
Btructure, edifioe; habitation, dwelling,
s.o. or a.th.); film role, stage role;
abode; reaidenoe, home; Beat, aide,
periodio ohange, rotation, alternation;
locality; area, region; land, oountry (esp.
crop rotation; period; (one'a) tum;
pl. jU, aee below) |
ß*i\ jIj muaeum (of
phaae, stage, atep, degree, Station; epoch,
antiquitiea); Jj^JI jta postoffloe;.liJI jta
age, era; fit, attaok, paroxysm (of a
d. al-baqS the etemal abode, the here-
after; «JUI jUI (bdqiya) do.;
away, die; »Lä^l
M Jül
jW
disease);

sition;
floor,

number,
Story;
Single
musical compo-
Performance
«JUI to paaa
(""
(baidä') Caaablanoa (seaport in W Mo- (within a program) | i-i-'j jj'

Wash- taaalaul) vioious oirole, oiroulus vitiosus;

roooo); the White Houae (in
Jl^ jjj (niM'J) final round, finals
ington); !jl~dl jIj eommereial houae,
(othUi.); jliJ"VI jjJ d. oi-miqid Session,
busineaa houae; v.A' ->'•* **• a*-^af* war
term (pari.); JjVI jjJll (auranJ) or jjj
zone, enemy territory (Isl. Law: non-
jIj «eat of «yjl d. at-bufila leading role, starring
Muslim i— Ij^JI
eountriea);

the Chief ezeoutive of a oountry; jla

role; j.rt fl» or bjJ ^ (la'iba) to play
ground
o*-ja'dda Conatantinople; jla a part or role; &ij jji (ardl)
SjIaJI d.
floor, flrst floor; «j jj OK" it was bis tum;
:-LI II
d. os-salfai» Conatantinople (dea-
World War jjJI it ia his tum; jj>b (Ul) I for one,'
ignation before I); fiJ\ jli «I

d. at-taläm paradiae, heaven; epithet (I) for my part, ijjJb (_>») he in tum, (he)
for his part; jjJl; altemately, by tum»
of Baghdad; Dar ea Salaam (aeaport
and eapital of Tanganyika Territory); ijji daura pl. -it tum, revolution,
U*_jl jji oinemas, movie housea; jla gyration, rotation; oiroulation; oyole;

IU/II d. ai-hirfa police Station; jIj cirouit; round, patrol; prooeasion {Chr.);
ü_JI or itb—JI jb araenal; J—» _>Ij
round trip; tour (in general, of an artist
(pinf) cinnamon; Vj-"" ->'* ^* «4^°^ ftnd or performer); de tour; period (O »1»
;£J _,lj d. at-riUu mint (building); ei.); Session (of parliament); oourse (of

Ijl^l jIjJI ('irdqiya) Iraq; f>Jl jIj instruotion) (»r., »yr.) |

'uj^ •j.r'H (**
name of a College in Cairo; «L«ll Ji d. mawfya) blood oiroulation; **ji-\ »j^ll

al-fanä' (aa oppoeed to .lijl jh aee (jawwiya) air oiroulation; JW>-' "'J-^

above) the temporal world, thia World; •Ä 11

(JJ^f) d -
V , •»a, ((oj'äwui) or-fulio

»Läj)l jl j d. al-gadä* oourt of juBtioe, tribu- offloen' training oourse (mü. r Syr.);

nal; ^^-ll jb d. oi-hrfui publio Ubrary; «s»l>j bj> {tirfiya) crop rot»tion; «jjj

jji\ jji d. oMoau> amuaement Centers; ^o^ («oWlyo) legislative period; 3jji

night clnbs; J.'-'l jlj theater, playhouse; ^JUll d. al-falak revolution of oeleatial

illl jlj d. al-muik (royal) reaidenoe; bodies; UUJI Ijjj (tUt/d/lyo) flanking
maneuver (mtl.); «JL. ijjj (mdUyo)
SjyJ.1 jljJÜl (mifriya) Egypt; !y»il jIj d.
 ;

JJ> 300

financial period, fiscal year; »Lil Sjjj d. jl-U madär pl. -äi orbit; circling, cir-
al-miyäh lavatory (with running water), cuiting, circuit, revolution; axis; pivot;
toilet, -water closet
(fig.) that upon which s.th. turns or

,jjjj daurt patrolling, patrol- (in depends, the central, cardinal, or crucial
Compounds); periodic, occurring at reg- factor, the pivot; center; aubject, topic,

ulär stated times, recarring, inter- theme (of a converaation, of negotiations)

iiittent; circulatory, cyclic, etc., see scope, ränge, extent, sphere ; tropic
j>> and '»jji; series (athlet.)
|
^jjoJI jL+J-l (geogr.); O steering wheel |
Ült-Jl jU
(jahäz) the circulatory System m. as-mratän Tropic of Cancer, ^-U-l jl.u
m. al-jady Tropic of Capricorn;
ijjjj dauriya pl. -ät patrol, round; J* .jl.u jtf
it (i.e., the dispute, or the like) was
patrol, reconnaissance squad oLjjj
|

about..., it hingcd on...; iUI _,|.u

J»liSö-V1 reconnaissance squads, patrols J*
(?n. is-sana) throughout the year, all
D *jjjIj däwirlya = iijj* dauriya
year round
jo dair pl. jb.il adyär, »jj\ adyira,
_/ ja! tadunr recitation of the Koran at
•j_jj j duyüra monastery, convent, cloiBter medium speed (between tartil and hadr;
&j* dairi monaBtic, monaBterial, clois- a technical term of tajwld)
tral
öjjl-u mudätvara pl. -ät cheathig,
•;J dlra region, area, land, homeland humbug, trickery; outwitting; attempted
(bedouin) evasion or circumvcntion, shift, dodge;
j \j* duwär, dawar vertigo, dizziness, persuaeion, inveigling, ensnaring

giddiness; seasickness Sjljl idära turning; turning around or

j \jä dawwär rapidly or constantly over, reverting, reversion, Inversion;

turning, whirling, spinning, rotating, starting, setting in Operation; Operation;

circling, circulating; revolving, rotary, drive (techn.); direction, management;

rotatory; whirlpool, eddy, vortex; itin- administration ; administrative agency,
erant, ambulant, roving ; (eg. ) farm department, office, bureau |
^'1 Sjbl
building, farm |
jljj ^L revolving door; t. al-amn the police; ij^ «jljl ('urfiya)
jijj *JL peddler, hawker; jj^j J*. jL». military administration; SjIjVI »j— su
{jahäz hafr) rotary drilling rig; ^^ijl j |p al-i, mismanagement, maladministration;
d. aä-Sams sunflower SjIjVI ,jJjt majlis al-i. board of directors,
administrative board, committee of man-
jLj dayyär monastic, friar, monk
agement; IjIjVI jS^. markaz al-i. ad-
jljo dairäni monastic, friar, monk ministration center, headquarters
Sjlp dawwära whirlpool, eddy, vortex;
tÄjbl idäri administrative, depart-
compaes, pair of dividers (ayr.) |
Sjlp
mental; administrative officer; manager
O »1^1 rf. a/-Aawä' weather vane
(athUt.); Ljljl idäriyan through ad-
,jjljj diyäri domestic; native ministrative Channels, administrative^,

ü[fji dawarän tum(ing), rotation, officially

revolution, gyration; circulation, cir- ejlji-l istidära roundness, rotundity,

cling, circuiting ; round trip, tour circularity

jjj! adwar 2 (elative): jr-jyi > jjil _/b dä'ir turning, revolving, spinning;
(alsun) more talked about, more fre- circulating; current (e.g., cxpression),
quently expressed or discussed common; ambulant, itinerant; in prog-
 301
t»

ress, under way; working, in Operation; jJc-a mustadir round; circular | yj»
'*j .\'.\ mJUI (mu'tamar ai-m.) round-
running (machine, engine); round
\

table Conference
V*lj dä'ira pl. J\ji dawä'ir* circle

(also math.); ring; circumference, perim- jjji dauraq pl. jjljj dawäriq 1 {eg.) bulging
eter, periphery; sphere, scope, ränge, vessel with a long, slender neck» carafe
compasa, extent, circuit; field, domain
(fig.); official agency, department (esp. jjji dauzana to tune (a musicalinstrument);

It., Syr. t Leb.); office, bureau; depart- O to tune in (radio)

ment of a court of justice {Eg., Tun.);

jljjj düzän and Üjjj dauzana tuning
misfortune,
farm, country estate {eg.);
(of a musical inatrument); Üjjj O tun-
calamity, affliction j . . . äyb j within thc ing (radio)
framework of ...; lj\i i_j-*j J^-i J* 'alä
Sakli nißfi d. semicircular ; *J\jI\ üuu nuq* 1j jjj (It. dozzina) dözina dozen

tat ad-d. essential factor, pivot, crucial

(^-ja) ,^-b däsa u (daus, ^La diyäs) to
point, crux; O vkjlf i (kahrabä'iya) •-/'
tread, step (* on); to tread (* a.th.); to
electric cirouit; O *jy^i *J\* ehort tread down, trample down, trample
circuit (el.); JijUU ij\s encyclopedia;
underfoot, crush (* s.th.); to thresh
<*_jÜl J\j3 govemment circles, ,/lj-OI
(grain); to treat with disdain, humiliate
(* ij SL-*Jl,4 s -l r JI)LCjil (rasmlya, aiyäsiya, to run over (• s.o.; automobile)
(• b.o.);
'askariya) official (political, müitary)
VII pass. of I
circles or quarters (journ.); ^La^-^I ä_/'J

Jurisdiction (of an official agency, esp-, ^jj daus treading, trampling, tread,

of a court of justice); «-iJi i/loJl (sa* step

nlya) civil list; i-» 1^- V 1 lj {ül^näßya)
i-jj dxsa dense forest, jungle, thioket
appellate court (Eg.; jur.); «-)U«iJl */la

(inh'fcäötya) electoral district; *J* Oj'j L-Ija dawwäsa pedal

J\fJS\ to suffer adversities ^l-u madäs shoe, sandal

jj-'lj da' tri circular, ring-shaped, an-
^•jX* modus, ,j>\j* mudäe trodden,
nular
trampled down; crushed; run over
jj-U muoattrtwir round, circular
ljjlk-jj dusintäriyä, Ij jlsi-ya dysentery
y4* mudir head, chief, director; ad-

ministrator ; manager ; Intendant, Su- Aj^-yj (Fr. dossier) dosyi, v_,j dösS pl. -ät
perintendent; rector (of a univeraity); dossier, file

mudir, chief officer of a mudiria, approx.

i^jj dawaS to irritate {• s.o.) or drive
= govemor {Eg.); (pl- »L»-** mudarä' 3 ) (eg.)

administrative officer at the head of a s.o. crazy by noise

county (Syr. Leb., t

Ir,, Saudi Ar.) \
jXm iJyj dauSa (eg.) din, noise, clamor, up-
J*i-I m. al-jauq bandleader, conductor of roar, hubbub, hullabaloo
an orcheatra
*j,ji (Fr. douche) dü& pl. -ö* shower, douche
IjXt mudira directress; administratress

IjjXt mudiriya direction; administra- Üyj (It. aote) döfa dowry

tion; management; — (pl. -ät) mudiria,

*-jj II to imprint a mark, to brand
province {Eg.) ; approx. : main depart-
ment of a ministry {Ir.) Mj dag pl. -ö* brand (on cattle).
<-».»•» 302

(ü>j->) <jla <Ü/a u (dauf) to mix, mingle made the rounds, it oirculated j-J V «Jj loj I
;

(j * a.th. with); to add, admix (j » (alnin) it passed from mouth to mouth,

s.th. to) it was the talk of the town, it was on
everybody'a Ups
Jjj titi? duke
«Ijj daula pl. Jp duical altemation,
öp dtiqa ducheaa
rotation, change; change of time, tum
jja dttyj ducol
of fortune; dynasty; State, country;
ijji düqiya dukedom, duchy power, empira |
UjjJI ^L» title of the
Prime Minister; Ö,SÜ.I ^üj ilj> daulat
ijji II to chatter, prattle
r. ai-h. Hia Ezcellency, the Prime
«Sjj davka din, row, hubbub, tumult, Hinister; iljjjl ÖUi faidmat ad-d. title
confusion
of the President of the Bepublic (Syr.,
LA.); UJI ajJI Caltya) name
'(Jj->) Jb oVUa u («Jp daufa) to ohange of the

periodically, Uke tum», altemate, rotate; anoient Ottoman Empire; jj>SÜI J^lll
(jJiJI or) (tutri, "uzmä) the big powers;
to change, turn (time, fortune) lljj oJb |

«jJSj SJjj (muniadaba) mandatory power

jtoJ^Vt the time of absolutiam ia over,
belongs to the past; «JjiJI «J cJIj fortune iSji (dam., pronounced dete = yTj
ha» turned in his favor (<uU against him) rahm) metal vessel with long curved
III to altemate, rotate (», • s.o., s.th.); handle used for making ooffee
to cause to sucoeed by tums or to follow
one another (fOVI al-ayyima the days; Up dauli State (adj.); duwali inter-
national
God); to altemate (jy between); to
confer, talk (. with s.o., J about), «Jji dwoaUya intemationality; inter-
disouss (j • with s.o. s.th.) IT to give nationaliam; the International
ascendanoy, afford superiority, give the
o^jjj dutmilit petty stetes, small
upper hand (^* • to s.o. over); to make oountries
victorious, let triumph (J» • s.o. over),
dJLlIp dauxUatca altemately, by turns;
grant viotory . to s.o. over); to
(J»
replaco (ij » or ,>•
succeasively, one by one, one alter the
s.th. with), ezchange,
Substitute
other |
iUlp liSU, (wa-hdkadd) and so
(v » or ,> for s.th. s.th.) Jjjl
|
forth, and ao on
V 1
tff >
ip "«"k Jt-oonf l-'abbari
ir^r-ll

min 6a»l umayyata the rule paswd from JijJj todvAl intemationalization
the Ommaiada to the Abbaaides VI to
«Jjü» rnvddtcala pl. -dl parley, ne-
altemate, take tums (» lvith or in s.th.,
gotiation; deUberation, consultation; dis-
o.g., in some work); to hand eaoh other
cuasion; muddwalatm altemately, one
s.th. (»), pasa s.th. (») altemately between
after the other, one at a time
themselvea; to handle altemately (»
different thingB), take now thia, now Jjlj; tadämü altemation, rotation;
that; to ezchange (j^l ar-ra'y views); ciroulation, currency; circulation of mon-
to make frequent use (* of s.th.); to ey |
JjIxJIj altemately, by turns, one by
eonfer, have a discuasion, take counsel, one
deliberate; to parley, negotiate; to Jj'ji» mutadäwal current, circulating,
eirculate, be in circulation, be current, in circulation; valid; oommon, in com-
have currency ^4jVI «Jjioj tadätvalathu mon use, prevailing
|
| Jjlodl *^£li (fco*
l-aidl it paased from hand to hand, it Um) the oolloquial langoage
 ;

303 03>

•Jl;.» dawälin see _jb s\i da' im lasting, enduring; endless,

eternal, perpetual, everlasting; perennial;

1
•-*%* düiäb pl. o-J^ dawältb wheel; tire;
continued, continuous, continual, inces*
gearing, gears, wheels, mechanism, ma-
sant, unceasing, constant ; permanent,
chine, machinery; closet, locker, cabinet,
standing, establiBhed; durable (XcJl I.»
| f
cupboard |
^^Ul vVp wardrobe
jriJlj d. at-taqaddum wa-n-numüw in a

dollar State of constant progress and growth

jV>> iöiJr pl. -<K

Ix lj dä'iman always | Ui I l* U (abadan)

'(j»j->) ('> ddma u {daum, ?\t* datcdm) to last,
always and ever
continue, go on; to persevere, persist |

*b L nu3 Alma as long as; (the more so) ^li daimi = *\*

since, inasmuch as, as, becaüse; while

p\Xm mudäm wine
he is . . ., when he is . . . ; L*-
f
U L (hayyan)
j*-oi— mustadim constant, continuous,
as long as he is alive; tiL* £-..» U (tfumtu)
continual, incessant, uninterrupted
so long as (or while) I am with you II to

move in a circle, tum, spin, revolve, •jlyj dümän rudder, heim

rotate, gyrate, circle; to tum, revolve,
jtly* dümänji steersman, helmsman
spin, twirl (* e.th.) III to persevere,
persist (J* in), apply o.b. diligently and 1
öji II to record, write down, set down, put
steadily (J* to), pursue with diligence down in writing (* s.th.); to enter, Ust,
and perseverance (J* s.th.); to continue register, book {* s.th.); to collect (*
IV to cause to last or continue, perpetuate, poems) | Up^ üj± (tarfan) to stipulate
make laeting, make permanent f* s.th.) a condition V to be reoorded, be written
X to make (* s.th.) last or continue; to down, be put down in writing
continue, go on (* with s.th.)
ö\jt* dtwän pl. l/j\j*
dawäwin* ao-
pjs daum continuance, permanence, count books of the treasury (in the older
duration; lyj dawnan constantly, at all Islamio administration) ; divan, collection
times, ever, always; — doom palm (bot.) of poems written by one author; govern-
4ji dima pl. *± diyam, *j>a duyüm mental office, administrative office; chan*

continuous rain cellery, office, bureau, Sekretariat; Coun-

cil of State, cabinet ; oouncü, consultative

j. \j2 dawäm duration, continuance,
assembly, board of advisers, executive
permanence, perpetuity; uninterrupted
committee; govemment; court of justice,
suocession; endurance, perseverance;
tribunal; hall; davenport, divan; (rail-
abiding, stay (of s.o., j at a place); Uj.»
way) compartment
dawäman and permanently,
| ^ jl^ill *JJ lugat ad-d.
(Ij-Ul Je
official jargon, officialese; ^tisll o\x* in-
perpetually, at all times, ever, always |
quisitional court; the Inquisition
(•IjoJ! cJj r
(«IjaJI CjMj\,Aj^\ oUU working
hours, office hours (Ir., Syr.) <j\ji* diwäni administrative, adminis-
trational, official ; an Ottoman style of cur-
i+yc* daimüma = ?\j*
sivo (used by the secretaries of the State

ö[f^ duwwäma top (child's toy) Chancellery for treaties, diplomas, fir-

whirlpool, eddy, vortex mans, etc.)

iyl4- mudäwama perseverance, endur- j>jjj iadwxn recording, writing down;

ance, persistence; continuance, duration; entry, listing, booking; registering, reg-
oontinuation istration
 ^^
ÜS>

iijX* mudawwana pl. -ät rccord, note; öli)l Jl j.j.1

J^y it was he, not they,
entry; body of lawe; pl. CjUjJU writings, who reached the goal; o,j Ih»-^ i*-LSl
literature (on a given subject) {aSähai bi-wajhihä) she averted her face
eo that he could not see her; «^1 Ujj JU-
•üji dün low (
lowly; bad, poor, inferior;
to prevent a.th.; »I^i-l üjj i*iVl (oü"a,
meager, inadequate j JjjJIj <LU {'äma*
Äamrä') the infrared rays; üjj oU^ll
lahü) he snubbed htm
ä^w&ÄJI (maujät) ultra-ahort waves (radio)
üji düna (prep.) below, beneath, under
(in rank, value, etc.); this aide of, short of; rj* dünum a aquare measure (Ir. = about
before ; without ; more than with the ex- ;
2500 m»; Pal. = roughly, 900 m")

cluaion of, leaving ... aside, disregard- X

i5j* dawä and II to aound, resound, ring out;
ing . .
. ; and not by any means, but not |
to drone; to echo, reverberate III to treat
dlli üji (with foll. nominative) on the way
(« a patient, * a disease) VI to treat o.s.
to that, there is ..., before accomplishing
(with a medicine); to be cured
that one must ..., jlüJl i^*i .illj öj*
(karf al-qatäd) before one can do that, ,jji dawan pl. »Ipl adwa aickness, ill-

one must etrip the tragacanth of ita neBS, disease, malady

leaves, i.e., accomplish the impoasible;
jj^ dawiy aound, noiBe, ring, clang,
üjJj, üjj ^» (düni) without; with the roar, thunder, drone; echo, reverberation
exclueion of excluding ; j öj Jj and
,

(
I

ü\j) dawäh 'o}jä dawäya) pl. jj^

Ol üji ,> without (+ foll. gerund in
Engl.); illij* dünaka (with foll. acc.) here
duwiy, diwiy, oU j* iauwi/öi inkwell

you are! take...! watch out (* for)! »Iji <£avü' pl. ijil adwiya remedy,
beware (* of) ! *jjj j* he is below him, medicament, medication, medicine, drug
he doean't measure up to him; *yj öS"
<j|p dawä'% medicinal, medicative,
i->l (ahammiyatan) to be of less im-
curative
portance than...; s\ Jf ojj rl iimun
dünahü fotUu tjmtn a Bin to end all Bina; • b see »jj

ij^SL-«]l ^^-Jl jji > ^ijl {sinn, 'askariya) »Iji fjiwä' treatment, therapy (med.)
thoße below the age for military Bervice;
• IjIju ffimÜwflA treatment» therapy
Jl Ju L. üjj (nazarin) regardless of, ir-
{med.)
respective of; äJjli U üjjj with no benefit
at all; completely useless; üo*~j jl ZJ£
j\jj tadäwin eure
(S
l&i {takiä an yas'adna) ahe is afraid
•jji (Fr. douiüe) düy socket (of a Light bulb)
they will be happier than ehe is; !_-^JI «iJU

Uj^ jjj (iuiui, gairihä) those booka and no rjk* diyalög (Eg. spelling) pl. -dt dialogue
others; ijl.U L>j* tilLü ^ <_«ü Ul (mtc
ta'ajjib, fadlika, 'ilmika) I admire your rL*j and **-Ljj see £s

virtue,

admire
but not your knowledge,
your virtue more than
or,

your
I
stijti dayyüt ( ^^jj) cuckold; procurer,
pimp; a variety of warbler {zool.)
knowledge; ^^JS\j j*x$\ üji »]y^\
f
(kamma, tadammur, Sakwä) he stopped jj*_> see ^-i
their mouths to keep them from mutter-
O^Jjjf-ül ad-<&pflZ*yfin (Eg. spelling) the Gaul-
ing and complaining; öjj ,>**JI jlTlil
lists
A*i£- L. (gupnu, yahtamiluhü) if the branch
is not strong enough to carry him;
 305 Oi J

üb-üj daidabän, daidubän pl. -Öt, So La dayd- (J to s.o.), obey (J s.o.); to grant a loan,

diöa guard, sentry; sentinel | c-i'LA' öLjAo lend money (» to s.o.); to subject,

ship's pilot subjugate (• s.o.); to requite, repay (•

s.o.); to condemn (» s.o.), pass judgment

ü-Uj aee u.a.»
{* on s.o.) III to hare a debt (• with s.o.),

jL>'» «y^' tf/. J J Bee be indebted (« to s.o.); to be the creditor

_r J» »y-i» » J^ *' -
l

-*'-'l
->->*

(» of s.o.), have a money claim {» on

^jj du dise (Ampelodesma tenax ; bot.)
s.o.) ijZjj» i-*" Mr* *•;'> (bi-mabla§
|

*-jj aee *-.>

kämmt q.) he had a claim of five piasters
on him IV to lend money (• to s.o.); to
i-ji see .j-p seil on credit (• to s.o.); to convict, find
guilty, pronounce guilty {• s.o.) V to be
^-^ see i^a
indebted, have debts; to subject o.a. (J

ju^jj disembir, disambir December to) VI ^.u |>jl-tf (dain) to contraet a

mutual loan, borrow money from each

iL* dCjt pl. «SO* dtto, 4^ duyü*, libjl odytJjfc
other X to make or inour debts, take up
cock, rooster |
,_^ji- 1 iLi d. at-Aa&aJF
a loan
turkey, turkey cock; j-jj dLa (rilmi) do.;
dL-ül bjj wazn ad-d. bantamweight ^o dain pl. üji* duyün debt; pecuni-
ary Obligation, liability; Obligation (Ist,
$jj)\ JLJI as -au öl od-diki whooping
Law); claim (Isl. Law), financial claim |
cough
j'il'it on credit; ^-01 ^j robb ad-d.

creditor; t-^A-l üj>* d. al-harb war debte;

*y j* ^j bonded, or funded, debt; ^o
j_£l* (Fr. dicor) pl. -di decor, stage deco-
Jlif (mumtäz) preferred, or privileged,
ration
debt; -x>-y j-i (muwahhad) consolidated
^Ica daimäs, dimäs, ,j*j*a daimüs pl. j-fL» debt; jlk. ^j (mitflog) debt not bound to
dayämuP dungeon, rault the physical person of the debtor, but
outliving him (Isl. Law); 3j^~* J^
<£ s, fi, ojxj see (»ji
(mustagriq) claims against an estate

JJ^ri dtmüfigi demotic (writing) which exceed or equal the assete (Isl. Law)

dainüna judgment; Last Judgment

\f \ßji j , ^ \Ju: i dimuqräfi democratic dem- ;
~*jy~>s

ocrat üLoJl ad-dayyän the Judge (attribute

<Sf\jij£i, *S\jÄ£} dimuqrätiya pl. -ät

of God)

democracy; democratic attitude or con- äja« madina pl. ^\x» madä'in', u-U
viction mudun town, city; Ä^-ü.1 Medina (city

l
(^i) üb rföna * to borrow, take up a loan;
in W Saudi Arabia); see üa*
to be a debtor, be indebted; to owe (^ J oIj! idäna verdict of guilty; convio-

s.o. s.th., also, e.g-, ^üiJlj *J o\s (Sukr) d. tion j

oIjL CU jX** sadara l-hukmu

lahü bi-S-htkr to owe s.o. one's thanks; bi-idänatihi he was convicted

t_j s.th., e.g., bLJ>Lj bi-l-kayäh one's ijlai-1 istidäna incurrence of debt«
Ufe, J to B.th. or s.o.); to be indebted
(u J to s.o. for); to be subject, subject
Jb dä'in creditor

o.a., bow, yield, (J to s.o. or s.th.), be Üjjx. madyün indebted, in debt; ob-
under s.o.'s (J) power, owe allegiance ligated, under Obligation
 306
Oi J

~<±yX. madf/ünfya indebtedness, Obli- Z \j» diy&na pl. -dt religion; com-

gation mnnion, confession, denomination, sect |

«iL ill v* - '-* fonnder of a religion

jx> modln owing; indebted, obligated,

under Obligation; debtor |

jCliU jm OLj dayydn pious, godly, devout,

(fukr) owing gratitude, muoh obliged; religious

J jlT to be indebted to s.o., stand imjayyun piety, godliness, devout-

lij-u
^ jj
in s.o.'s debt ness, religionsness, religiosity

IjJu mudin moneylender, oreditor ^jz* mutadayyin pious, godly, devout,

religious
Oli. mudän convicted, found guilty;

guilty; judged, condemned *ü .uu muladayytna religious Community

'(ji) üb dana i to profess (v a religion, a jbj dlndr pl. jüÜj dandntr* dinar, a mone-
"oonviction, eto.) (jWfl; ob to profeas tary unit </r., /ord.); pl. j*iLb money
|

Islam; «JbU; jb (bi-AdUM) to adhere to ^jbi ilwSrf diamonds (of a deok of

one's oustoms T to profess (v a religion) oards)

^i dm pl. OIjjI adjuln religion, oreed,

j»Ljj dln&md dynamo, generator
faith, belief | fr>l\ fy.
ymm ad-d. the

Day of Judgment ^.bi dfodmtt dynamite

Jjj dfnl religious; Bpiritual | Jj^ ir-

O «jJ dainam pl. rta daydnim* dynamo.
religious; O Ji-iN ,M f*») »öenoe of

religion
*»j See tS*j
ji dayyin religious, pions, godly,

devout ül^ji pl. j^ilp and Jljja t

j 4t (demonstr. pron.) pl. >Vjl ulä'i this one, da behold, it is I, here I am, pl. .y»l j* l»
I

this; iij bi-di by this, by this means, Ali no^nu uW»; — used as an aoousativa
thereby; lil J»'-(M therefore; Ijf Ja-rf« so, in the oonstruot State: master, owner, or

thus, in thia manner; so and so, so and possessor of, with jj nonünative (q.v.),

so muoh; li£* M-ba-ii so, thus, in this ji as genitive; — Uli 4&ka, f. ilU (Abt,

*ilj ttca, pl. <£l>Vjl «&'•*» this, this one;

manner; serves as intensifier after inter-
rogative pronouns (roughly correspond- iJIS jl (itf) then, at that time; in those

ing in English to such phrases as: ... on days; — iS'a daliln, f. ilS titta, pl. illlfjl

earth, ...then, or the lue): lil» what on ldo?tsa that, that one; »iJüj bi-däliba by
why then! why in heaven's that, by that means, in that manner;
eartht liU.
diu U-dalita therefore; düi .U> fa'da
namet -Iij» hvw* <ß. f. tfi <f *•>» ft
fäüka after that, upon that, thereafter,
that one; look at that one! why, that
is..., now if thatisn't...!; IÖJ.U h/tana-
thereupon; dli »• mo'a iaWoa yst, still,
 307 y
nevertheless, for all that; Ol Ji, (oimo) £ i dibh saorificial viotim, blood saorifioe
that is (to say), namety, to wit; JV Üi, «*j diblfa, dubha angina (meo*.); diph-
(It'-onna) and that ia beoause . . ., for the angina
theria | L_,xJI ~**J!\ (fadriya)
one reason that...; Ol .ili (M-oma) pectoris (med.) ; O «iijjill **iiJI (/u'ädiyo)
thifl isdue to the faot that ...; JUT tu- do.
$Miia so, thus, in that manner; equally»
mur-
likewise, in the same manner; yJJ — ,Ui iabbäh slaughtering,
dering; slaughterer, butoher
killing,

diiikum, f. fiS ItUum, pl. pVjl uUMnm

that one; — li» hidi, f. <i* MrfiM, tfi» -2>j dabih slaughtered

Adtf{, pl. .V> WuM'i, dual m. öU» ü^jj $oWAa pl. j|lii daba'ik' slaughter
Wrfdni, f. jl'U Adidnt thia, this one, an animal; sacrifioial viotim, blood saorifioe;
li» (alphabetioally) immolation; oäering, oblation
saorifioe,

Ji X to be wolflike, be fleioe or orael like a fl. madbah pl. f)i- maddbih' slaugh-
wolf terhonse; altar (Chr.)

oJS #'6 pl. v üi ii'äb, J^jji dv'bän 7*1* madbaha massaore, slaughter,

dieb (Canis anthus), jaokal; wolf |

oamage, butohery
aJ-a>tiKW
jj-VI v 5 -111
i>j" ™»«tf °rf-rf-
ijii dabdaba to set into a swinging motion,
name of a nonoontagious skin diseasa
Swing, dangle (* s.th.) II tadabdaba to
üjji ju'Joa pl. c-Jlji davO.'ib' look, Swing, pendnlate; to osoillate (ei.); to
Strand (of hair); tuft, wisp be defleoted (magnetio needle) to vibrate ;

to fluotuate; to waver, vaoillate, hesitate

olS, jlS and *J\i aee jj
Äjijj dabdaba pl. -dl pendulous motion,
illi eee li pendulation; osoillation (ei.); Vibration

^.bäJ iadabdvb pendulous motion,

Jlj ^di name of the letter i
pendulation, swinging; osoillation (ei.);

^i joMo u to drive away, ohase away (*, • defleotion (of a magnetio needle)
s.o., s.th.); to defend (je s.o., s.th.)
O ^jiiit mudabdib oscillator (ei.)

h^ljj^uMo(ool].;n.un. S) pl. «jäI aiibba,

Vk-i* mudabdab fluetuating, variable;
jljj dibbän flies, fly |
^jli v^ g«dfly,
vaoillating, wavering, hesitant, unsteady
horsefly
-j'y'z- mvtadabdib: ^>X.'^- jL: (tayytr)
ilii dvbäba pl. -41 (n. un. of >^li i) fly
oscillating ourrent (ei.)
tip (of the sword, or the like)

Jji dahala, dabvJa u (dabl, Jj.i dvbvl) to be

oUi ^uAMna, dibbdna fly; sight, bead
wilted, to wilt, wither; to fade; to
(on a fireann)
beoome dry, dry up; to waste away; to
^i. midabba fly whisk, fly «watter become dull, lose its luster (eye)

#i dabdha a (dabk) to kill (by alitting the JjS dabl mother-of-pearl, nacre

throat); to slaughter, buteher; to mas- «JUS dvbäla wiok

sacre; to murder, alay; to sacrifloe, offer
Jjli tjäbü pl. J;i dvbvl wilted, withered;
up immolate
(
(» an animal) II to kill,
dry, dried up; faded (color); languid,
slaughter, butohor, massaore, murder
dull, laokluster, languishing (glanee);

dabh slaughtering, slaughter feeble, weak, tired

f>
 >* 308

J*-j dahl pl. JU-Jl adkal, J^-j du£ü/ resent- a tiny amount, a jot, an iota; *iLUl ^ ijj
ment, rancor, hatred; revengefulness, (Sakk) the least doubt
vindictiveness; blood revenge
^ji dorn atomic j «jji iLJ (yanÄw/o)
j*-i dakara a to keep, preserve, sbore away, atomic bomb; jjj&\ J,l»jJl (»wiäf) and
put away (* s.th.); to save, lay by ijjj öli» (fäqa) atomic energy
{*
a.th.) VIII j»-i\ iddakara to keep, pre- jjjj darür powder
serve, störe away, put away (* s.th.); to
^jjjj darüri powdery, powdered, pul-
störe, accumulate, gather, hoard, amasa verized
{* s.th.); to lay by (a s.th.); to save (*
»j-ji darira pl. _/lji darä'ir3 fragrant
s.th., also strength, trouble, etc.) _^ol
|
powder, cosmetic scented powder
J L*- (hubban) to harbor love for; _^-ij V
I x^*- (juhdan) he sparos no effort ^ji durri of or pertaining to the off-

spring or progeny
j±* dv.hr pl. jU.jl adkär s.th. stored
away, put by, hoarded, or acoumulated; *ijj durriya pl. -ö/, jjjji daräriy

stores, supplies; treasure progeny, descendants, children, offspring

3
3j«ii dajctra pl. _r*Uö dakä'ir3 treasure; jXj yadaru see (jij)

stores, supplies; provisions, food; am-

.-»jj dariba a (darab) to be sharp, cutting
munition (mil.); (holy) relic
>-jjj ^aroft diarrhea (med.)
jUol iddikär storage; hoarding, amass-
ing, accumulation ; <_»ji darib pl. <_»jS ^urfi sharp, cutting
storing, gathering; |

saving ^jjj ^^»- (/urA) a maügnant, incurable

wound
j»-X> mvdakkir pl. -fin assistant gunner,
ammunition passer (mü., Syr.) ^|jj durräh pl. £j[p rfarörtA 8 Spanish fly,

blister beetle (zool.)

j*-X. mudakjfar pl. -dt supply

mnddajcira £ji dara'a a (dar') to measure (* s.th.); to

»jji-X> pl. -ät (Syr.) storage
battery, battery take the measure or measurements (*
of s.th.); to cover (* a distance); to oross,
Kj'i dura see jji traverse (*a country), travel through (*);

2
to intercede, intervene, media te, put in
S> darra u (darr) to atrew, soatter, spread
a word (<J for s.o., on behalf of s.o., a^c
(* s.th.); to sprinkle (<-* * on s.th. s.th.) |
with s.o. eise) V to use, employ, apply
4-Le j iL,]! jj (ar-ramäda fi 'ainaihi) to
bi-darVa or <1—-^ bt-wasila a
throw dust in s.o.'b eyeB; — u (jjjj
(ÄajjÜj

means, an expedient); to use as a pre-

durür) to rise, come up, rise resplendent
tezt, as an exouse (<~t s.th.); to use as a
over the horizon (sun) | oy j j (qarnuhü)
means (^ s.th., JI to an end) VII to
it began to show, it emerged
proceed, advanoe; to intervene
jj darr strewing, scatterhig, sprinkling;
fji dar* power, abifity, capabüity (i_>
(coli.) tiny particles, atoms, specks,
to do s.th.) | i~> UjS JLm* and ot jL*
motes
Uji ((^ar'on) not to be up to s.th., be
•ji darra (n. un.) pl. --ö/ atom; tiny unable to do or accomplish s.th.; to be
particle; speck, mote | !jj Jlit. mitqäl d. unable to stand or bear s.th., be fed up
the weight of a dust particle, a tiny with, be tired of, feel uneasy about, be
amount; a üttle bit; IjS jl-ii. miqdär d. oppressed by
 309 ü»->

furthianus Kcke.); »Uäj «jS (baida*)

fjp dirä* f. and m., pl.
£jjl adru",

üUjj dur'än arm; forearm; connecting millet (syr.)

rod; cubit, in Syria = .68 m in Egypt: [

^jj daran protection, shelter
^jL £Jp (baladi) = .58 m, JjJli-l £JjS
— ijj'i iurwa, dirwa pl. ^ji duran sum-
(wtan*wtf) .665 m, *j lx> ^Iji (A»n-

däza) = ^j^ ^[p

.656 m, (m»'mdrf) = mit; top; peak; culmination, climax,

ca. .75 m, gj* jjl^ £jp (murotoa') = acme, apex

.5625
ca. .68
m
m,
1
; in Iraq:

&\ .w
^
£Jp
flp (6a^d5dt) or ^aL jJjS
(halabi) = jjj- mi^ran and ;ijJU midröA pl.
madärin winnow, winnowing fork
jlJ-

(fcoZadt) = ca. .80 m, tfj\** £jji see above

jt's da' ara a (da'r) to frighten, scare, alarm,
-jji dari* stepping lively, Walking terrify (• s.o.); pass. du'ira to be frighten-
briskly; rapid, quick; torrential; rapidly ed (J by), get alarmed (J at); — da'ira
spreading, eweepmg (death); devastating; a (da'ar} to be terrified, alarmed, difl-

intercessor mayed IV to frighten, scare, alarm,

darVa pl. -jl;i darä'i' 2 medium, terrify (• s.o.) V and VII to be frightened,
^»jjj
become alarmed
means, expedient; pretext, excuse
jt-i (Ju'r, fright» terror, alarm, panic
Jiji darafa i (darf, Ouji da«/, J»jji (Zurü/,
jc'i da'ar fright, alarm, dismay, con-
üliji darafän) to flow, well forth (tears)
Btemation
to shed (* tears; said of the eye) II to
exceed (
J* an age) X to let flow, shed (a
JiUi lethal, deadly, immediately
du'äf
tears) a
killin g (poison) |
<J»L*i £sy (maut)

to drop excrement
sudden, immediate death
öji daraqa i u (darq)

(bird) IV do. by
jti da'aqa a (da'q) to frighten (• s.o.)

öji darq droppings, excrement (of a screaming

bird)
Aci da'ina a (da an) and IV to submit,
and ^ji) !ji darä u (darw) to disperse, yield, give in (J to s.o.), obey (J s.o., an
(jjj
acatter (* s.th.); to carry off, blow away order, etc.) ; to concede voluntarily,

(* dust; said of the wind); to winnow, grant willingly (l^ J to s.o. s.th.)

fan (* gram); — ^ji darä i (dary) do.

üUil id'än submissiveness, pliability,
II do. IV = I; to throw down, throw off
compliance, obedience
(*, a s.o., s.th.) |
£--i)l j**Jl ^jÜ (dam'a)
^'x> mud'in submissive, pliable, trac-
the eye shed tears V to be winnowed, be
table, obedient
fanned; to climb (* on), Bcale (* s.th.); to

seek shade or shelter (^ in, at, under); jUii mid'än pliable, tractable, docile,

to take refuge (t-j with), flee (u> to) X to obedient, obliging, compliant
take refuge (i-j with), place o.s. under
(i->) protection, flee (i-j to s.o.)
ji'i dafar pungent smell, stench
s.o. 's

•jj dura durra, a variety of Borghum |

aJj daqan, diqan pl. uliil adqän, uyi dvqün
t/Li »jj (eg.) Indian com, maize (Zea chin; — daqn f.,pl. öß* duqün beard,
mays L.); *|^L* yi (9ajra) do. (ffj/r.); whiskers |
«-UI j»i d. aS-faik worm-
a variety of millet (Andro- wood, absinthe; rfliiV \jj*- karrü
«jf_j£- «jj
(e#.)

pogon Sorghum Brot. var. Schwein- li-adqänihim they prostrated themselves;

ü^ 310

jiifl
J». II
j J—
(parigo j> /« l-'amal) report, acoouot, narration, narrative
to be up to one's neck in work, be invocation of God, "wntion of the Lord 's
Bwamped by work (properly: to drown in name; (in Sufism) incessant repetition
work); «JS J* dl> (dahika) pl. ^ft of certain words or formulas in praise of
J#
(eg„ syr.) to fool b.o., make fun of s.o., God, often acoompanied by musio and
lead s.o. around by the nose (<_> with dancing |^Ti J# (with foll. genit.) apropos
s.th.)

to laugh in
; to put on
b.o.'s
an act for s.o.;
face
oi j iL> of, speaking of dl j j
.
J*> speaking
. . ;
ß
of that, incidentally, in that oonneotion

ßj dakara u (rfttr, jlTL" tadkär) to remember, fA\ /"ill the Koran; /*iJI JJU above-
mentioned, afore-mentioned; ßj$\ -
y nr -
bear in mind (* s.th.), think (* of); to
of bleased memory, deceased, late; iUI
keep in mind (a s.th.); to recalJ, recollect
(* s.th.); — (dikr) to speak, talk (* of,
•jfi (aiäda) to celebrate, praise, com-
mend s.o. or s.th., speak in glowing
about); to name, mention, cite, quote
terms of s.o. or B.th.; &> _^S
(* s.th.); to State, designate, indicate J* Jlj L.

(4*hrin min) he still remembered ...»

(* B.th.); to give {* e.g., faota, data); to
he could still recail . .
point, refer (* to s.th.); to report, relate,

teU (J * s.th. to s.o.) |

jftj pJi" taqad» jfj dakar pl. j^fi duhür, y^Ti duküra,
dumun yudkaru notable progress; V Ü^Tj duimln male; (pl. j_>Ti) penis
^i (yu4tcaru) inconsiderable, not worth •jTi dukra reputation, repute, renown
mentioning; (jJ-'L) j** tf* (J»»r) to
have pleas&nt memories of s.o., hold
i$/*i dikrd pl. oL^J dikray&t re-
membrance, recolleotion, memory; pl,
s.o. in fond remembrance; to speak well
reminiseences, memoirs
of s.o.; jJj «^"i (*»"") to have unpleasant
memories of s.o.; to speak ill of s.o. sfi dahlr steel
II to remind (<-» • s.o. of a.th.), point out jIQj ta4k&r, tid&är remembranoe;
(<_> • to s.o. s.th.), oall s.o.'s (•) attention
reminder, meinen to; memory, commem-
(<_* to); to make (* a word) masouline
oration; Souvenir, keepsake; memorial
(gram.) III to parley, negotiate, oonfer,
have a talk, take oounsel (# with s.o.);
day |

All Sainta'
Oi-jaSJI ^
Day
jlTJ;

[Chr.)
t. jamV al-qiddlrtn

to memorice, oommit to memory, learn,

study (* one's assignment, one s lessons) jjfi; tadt&ri, tirfWrt serving to remind,
|

<-jjj _^*lj (dwüaahü) to study one's

helping the memory; memorial, commem-
orative
Iessona, do one's homework IV to remind
(* • s.o. of s.th.), call (* s.th.) to s.o. 's (•) ißjü ta4kira reminder; memento
mind V to remember, bear in mind (»
lf& ta4kira> mostly pronounced lad*
s.th.), think (* of s.th.) TI to remind
hara, pl. ß\Ü tad4kir* message, note
eaoh other (* of), revive each other's
slip, paper, permit, pass; oard; ticket;
memory of (*) ; to oonfer (together), have
admission tioket | Juj ifü postcard
a talk, take oounsel Till J'il iddakara
S. ^JtJl oLM ifü t. itm ai-Sa&iy*
= V; X to remember, recail, keep in
identity oard; i^Ltj ^Uj ifJS t. dahdb
mind, know by heart (* a.th.)
wa-iyäb round-trip tioket; —*~*ß l^JJ
^j rfitr recoUection, remembranoe, (eg.) platform tioket; iJljli! ijfü sub-
reminiBoanoe, memory, oommemoration acriptiou tioket; i_t S^X" (fibbiyo)
reputation, repute, renown ; naming, medical presoription ; jjj* »fjj permit,
stating, mention(ing), quoting, citation; pass, laistez-paBser; passport; ^jiJi ifü
 311

(8yr.) identity oard <= i-*^ «*ILj Eg,)\ S'i jfrKy pl. »Lfil adJciyd'* intelligent,
v Uoi^l i/Ü (. oZ-Vnii^Sfc ballot sharp- witted, olever, bright; redolent,
fragrant; tasty, savory, delicions
^jTi; ta4karji, tfJ'Ü ta$kart tioket
seller, ticket olerk; (streetoar) oonduotor
Ji 4aüa i (4aU, rfufl, «I^S faläia, *J •>
4iüa t '*i\*

jfÜ ta4Hr reminding (of s.o., ^ of ma^aUa) to be low, lowly, humble,

s.th.), reminder, memento; feoundation, despised, contemptible II to lower, debase,
pollination (of female hlossoms ; in degrade, humiliate, humble (*, • s.o.,

pomioulture) s.th.); to subject, break, subdue, oonquer

•jTli.
(• s.o.); to overcome, surmount (* dif-
mutfäkara pl. -ät negotiation,
fioulties, obstacles) IT to lower, debase,
consultation, Conference; deliberation (of
degrade, humiliate, humble (*, » s.o.,
a oourt; 3yr.); leaming, memorizing,
s.th.) ; to subject, break, subdue, oonquer
memorization; study
(*, • s.o., s.th.) V to lower o.s., humble
ᚠtafiahkur memory, remembrance, o.s., cringe (Jl or J before s.o.); to be
reoolleotion humble, obsequious X to think (* s.o.)
jlTJs-l isttfkär memorizing, memori- low or despicable; to think Utile (* of),
zation, committing to memory disesteem (* s.o.); to deride, flout,
disparage, run down (* s.o.)
IjTlj 4älrira memory
Jj ivü lowness, lowliness, insignif-
jjfJu ma4kür mentioned; said, above-
ioance; ignominy, disgraoe, shame, deg-
mentioned; celebrated |
bjfJu Lui j& J
radation, humiliation; humility, humble-
Zorn yafcun Jat'an m. it was of no im-
ness, meekness, submiaaiTeneBS
portanoe, it was nothing
ilj 4iUa lowness, baseness, vileness,
jTi. mufckkar masouline (gram.)
depravity; submissiTeness, obsequious-
•/X mufZalHra pl. -<K reminder; note; ness
remark; notebook; memorandum, me-
morial, aide-memoire, (diplomatic) note;
JJj 4alil pl. >W adm'*, iJil a4Ula
low, lowly; despised, despioable, con-
ordinance, deoree; treatise, paper, report
temptible; docile,
(of a learned eooiety, = Fr. nUmoira);
traotable, pliable;
humble, submissive, abject, servile; ob-
pl. reminiscences, memoirs fl^l lflu
|
sequious, cowering, cringing
m. al-ittihäm bill of indiotment (pur,);

«JLU ij'x, m. al-jaib writ of habeas JjJj 4aiül pl. JJ j 4%dul dooile, tractable,
corpus; lULLS SjJX. (Ufählya) verbal gentie (animal); female riding oamel
note (cUpZ.)
4J4« ma4oüa humbleness, meekness,
<_^"i and j"j) ITj 0afcd u (£ufcüw, iTi jfciun, submissiveneBs; humiliation
»ITj 0afeT) to blaze, flare up (fire); to
ezude a Btrong odor; — J'j gakiya (»ITj
JJX" taftU derogation, degradation,
bemeaning; overooming, oonquering, sur-
4a&') to be sharp-witted, intelligent
mounting (of difficulties, of an obstaole,
II and IT to cause to blaze, fan (* the
and the lue)
fire); to kindle (* s.th.) II to immolate an
animal X= $akä Jl/Ü i$UU degradation, debasement,
humiliation
»iTi $ak£ acumen, mental acuteness,
inteUigence, brightness; — 4ukä' %
the sun JJiJ tagdttvl self-abasement
 ;
;; ,;

JJi 312

jÄJi duldvl pl. JiVi dalädiP lowest, nether- i/i dimmi a zimmi, a free non-Muslim
most part of s.th.; train, hem (of a subjeot living in a Muslim country (see

garment) [
^Ul J iV i the mob, the riffraff ÖS dimma: ÖÖJ1 J*l)

^JJil odia/2 , f. .UJi dalfä'

3
pl. tJJi rfuZ/
j*Uj dimäm pl. <*il adimma right, claim,
,

title ; protection, custody ; security of

having a small and finely chiseled nose
life and property
JJI flö | ^ /* d. al-lail

jjj dal? tip, point; tip of the tongue under cover of darkness
jJ-Ul <J»jjJ-' al-hurüf a4*didq, «JjjJ-i ~ö damim blameworthy
censured ;

JJU.UI and SJUjoJl <Jj_^-i ((touJa^tya) the objectionable, reprehensible ; ugly, un-
liquidB t, l, n (phon.) fair, nasty
jJi dalq, daliq, jJi data? eloquent, glib,
<*~.j damima pl. rlö jfamä'tm 8 blame,
facile (tongue)
censure
«Vi daläqa eloquence, glibness (of the madamma blame, censure
Ö.U pl. -ö*
tongue)
fj—L« Tnadmüm censured; blameworthy,
^iJJj eto., see ij objectionable, reprehensible

*j damma u (g **", i*-U madamma) to j-i V to grumble, complain (,>. or J* about)

blame, find ü^meworthy, dispraise,
jL. i fZtffldr sacred posseasion, cherished
criticize (* s.o.), find fault (s with s.o.)
goods; honor
II to rebuke, censure Bharply (• s.o.)

j-Öj tadammur pl. -ä( grumbling,

j*j dämm censure, dispraise, derogation,
complaint, grievance
disparage ment

d»mam t/j damiya a (»LS damä*) to be in the throes

<*j dimma pl. /j protection,

care, custody; covenant of protection, of death

compact; responsibility, answerableneas »LS damä' last remnant; last breath

financial Obligation, liability, debt; in- of life |
;LJ-I ,> »LS (ÄayäA) last breath of
violability, seourity of Hfe and property life

safeguard, guarantee, security ; con-

o-JS IV to do wrong, commit a sin, a crime,
science |
VoJJU honestly? really? serious-

my an offense ; to be guilty, be culpable X to

ty? ii-^ S anc* J-i J* upon word,
find or deolare (• s.o.) guilty of a sin,
truly; 4i*-ü, 4i*i ^ in s.o.'b debt, indebted
of a crime, of an offense
to b.o.; <i*Jj L. bis debt; <i*i Jp under
s.o.'b protection; at s.o.'b dispoBal; for (_jj danb pl. <-yS dunüb offense, sin,

the benefit of s.o. or B.th., for b.o. or crime, misdeed

some purpose (allocation of funds)
i_JS danab pl. »^USl adnäb tau; end;
4i,j Yf j> she is financially dependent
adherent (pol.), follower, henchman
on him, he has to support her; i-JJI J*l
^J S danabl caudal, tail- (in Compounds)
aM a4-d. the free non-Muslim subjects
living in Muslim countries who, in return appendaged, appendant, dependent

for paying the capital tax, enjoyed u^S ßunaib petiole, leafstalk {bot.)

protection and safety; iuoJi j*U» of pure

i_JJu mudannab comet
conscience, upright, honest; *jj 1/

(barra'a) to reheve one's conscience, t_jJL mudnib culpable, guilty; sinner;

meet one's Obligation evildoer, dehnquent, criminal
 > ;

313

<_**j dahaba a (^Ui dahab, «.^a-U madhab) to i_-a-U II iamadhaba (deriv. of >__a.u

go (Jl to); to betake o.a., travel (Jf to); madhab) to follow, adopt, embrace (<~-

to go away, leave, depart; to disappear, a teaching, a religion, etc.)

vanieh, decline, d windle; to perish, die,
_^ö dahab (m. and
1 f.) gold; gold piece,
be destroyed; with t-<: to carry s.th.
off, take s.th. away, abduct, ateal s.th.,
gold coin | O tj-*^ •—*^ {obyad) platinum

sweep s.th. or a.o. away, annihilate, ^i dahabi golden, of gold; precioua,

deatroy s.th. or s.o.; Jl ** i_-*i to lead or excellent, apposite (e.g., advice, saying,
conduct s.o. to, take s.o. along to; to etc.) |
i—*i *jT golden word, maxim,
think, believe (Jl s.th.), hold the. view, epigram
be of the opinion (Jl that); to esoape {&
Ä—*J dahabiya pl. -ät dahabeah, a
s.o.; flg.), slip (ij* s.o.'s mind), jl c# ^ti
long light-draft houseboat, used on the
to lose sight of the fact that..., forget
Nüe
that ...; to ignore, skip, omit (^ a.th.);

(with imperf.) to prepare to . . ., be about L_jlfej> dahab going; passing, passage,

to... j
*l>j ^i to go back and forth, falling away, decrease, dwindling, losa,

walk up and down; j- -bul Jl t-J&i disappearance ; leave, departure; trip,

(ab'ada) to go beyond... (flg.); <--*ij l* journey; outward-bound trip or journey

te; j (naz'atihi) what follows along (as opposed to i_jLI iyäb return trip;

these lines; \>iL «--A-i; ^>l (yudhabu) the railroad); opinion, view (o! Jl that) J

idea of it! you can't mean it! ^.u !_~aS LLIj LiUi (iyaban) there and back; back
(audan) to be futile, be in vain, be of no and forth, up and down; v^b v^ •ß'Ü

avail;r^Jl r!p' «—" (adräja r-riydh) to tadkarat d. wa-iyäb round-trip ticket

go the ways of the winds, i.e., to pass

^>j»ä duhüb going |
u-*Ly ^j*i Coming
unnoticed, without leaving a trace; to
and going; uy>ij Ü-»- j coming and
end in smoke, come to nothing, be futile,
going, in a State of fluctuation, having its
be in vain; j-IjJI ^^iT <_~*i (ka-amsi ups and downs
d-däbir) to vanish into thin air, disap-
,__*!* madhab pl. t_j&l-U madahib 2 going,
pear without leaving a trace (lit.: like
leave, departure; way out, escape {^t,
yesterday gone by) ; «ol^ >_-*i {bi-ba»
from) ; manner followed, adopted pro-
hä'ihi) to take the glamor away from
cedura or policy, road entered upon
s.th.; <cäj >__*i (bi-nafsihi) to kill
opinion, view, belief; ideology; teaching,
s.o. (joy, terror, etc.) ; J Lac ,_jö (bi-
doctrine; movement, orientation, trend
kayälihl) to let one's imagination wan-
(also pol.); school; mazhab, orthodox
der (Jl to); a~*X» ^j (madhabahü) to
rite of fiqh (Isl. Law) ; religious creed,
embrace s.o.'s madhab (see below); to
faith, denomination | O SLJ-l j 4-*i.
follow s.o.'s teaching, make s.o.'s belief
(hayäh) his philosophy of life, his Welt-
one's own, embrace s.o.'s ideas; to
anschauung; (^jLLI (_-*.iil (mäddi) the
adopt s.o.'s policy, proceed exactly like
materialistic ideology, the materialistic
s.o.; i_-a-u ^p !_^j (kuUa madhabin) to do approach to life; I-Laj La-u i_jo to go
everything conceivable, leave no stone very far, be very extensive
untumed, go to greatest lengths II to
gild IV to cause to go away,
^.u madhabi denominational, con-
(* s.th.)
fessional; sectarian
make disappear, remo ve, eliminate (

s.th.); to take away (a s.th., ^ from s.o.) L-aa. madhabiya sectarianism

 ;

314

w^lj dähib: ö^JJl i^*lj rf.

al-laun faded, daintt (with foll. genit.) possessor, owner,
oolorlesa, discolored holder or maater of, endowed or provided
with, embodying or oomprising s.th. |
4j yj*-** marfAflft btAf and JUl v.J*k
J2* j'i du 'aql endowed with brains,
m. oi-'ogZ out of one's mind, demented
bright, intelligent; JU ji rieh, wealthy;
w-*i* mu{ZaAAa&, miq^Aoo gilded "*** j'i du fiihha healthy; uU ji 4ü San
important, significant; <JjJl\ jj du U
J*j daAala a (daW, J^i jiuAfiJ) to forget,
gurbä relative, kin(aman); fjj ji j»
overiook, omit, neglect, fail to heed (j*
(zar'tn) unoultivated (Und); JJ ^i ,y
B.th.); — dahila a (J>*j duAüJ) to be
min dt go&Ju than before; *~Ü ji ^y* min
perplexed, alarmed, diamayed, atartled,
di nafrihi of one's own aooord, apon-
aurpriaed, baffled; to be astonished, be
taneously ; y ji dawühv bis relatives,
amazed; to frighten, soare, take alann,
bis kin, his folka; *ijßl\j Ij^II jji dawü
flinch ; to be absent-minded, be diatraoted
Umawadda wa-l-ma'rifa fhends and ac-
to be or beoome diatraoted (j* from),
quaintances; olfJÜl jji datrü J-JuiruAdf
forget, overiook, fail to heed, negleot
dubioua persona, people of ill repute;
(j* s.th.) IT to baffle, atartle, nonplus
ülill jji dawü S-ia'n important, in-
(• s.o.); to diatraot (j* • s.o. from), make
fluential people; the competent people
(. s.o.) forget (j» B.th.) TU = faktia
(or authorities), those oonoerned with
J^i dvhvl perplexity, oonsternation, the matter; j-VI jij\ viü l-amr rulers,
bafflement, daze, Stupor; oonfusion, be- leaders; Xullf Ji-I jij\ ulü l-haü wa-l-'aqd

wilderment, dismay, alarm, fright; sur- influential people, those in power

priae; amazement, astonishment; abaent-
OÜ dät pl. oljj dawät being, essenoe,
mindedness, distraotion, distraetednesa
natura ; seif; peraon, personality; the
(jpfrom)
aame, the seifsame; -seif; oljill people
J*li dähü negligent, forgetful, obüV- of rank, people of diatinotion, notables;
ious, diatraoted, absent-minded; dazed, Uli rfdtan personally |
^Jl oli d. oZ-batn

in a Stupor disagreement, diaaenaion, disunion, dia-

cord, enmity; friendship; «_-ii-l £>li d.
Jjki, madhtä perplexed, atartled,
ot-/ano pleuriay (med.); *yl oli d.
alarmed, diamayed, dazed, oonfuaed,
ar-ri*a pneumonia; jJ-Jl oli d. a$-padr
baffled, bewildered; distraoted, absent-
diseaae of the ehest, peotoral ailment;
minded
jJI c-li d. al-yad wealth, affluenoe; OÜ
J*.L mv4hü startling, baffling, amaz- Uj4jI d. atdlno* our possessiona; j^c 1
! OÜ
ing ddfa J-yamtni to the right, Jl,Ajl oli

J*ij mundahü alarmed, diamayed, ddfa &-Hmdli to the left, jU-Jl OÜ dato
l-yaa&ri do.; «^ oll ddto marrattn onoe,
perplexed, atartled, baffled; diatraoted,
absent-minded
one time, «^ oli j /» d<W» marraiin do.;

fji
^^ yaumin one day, p> olj j
rf***

j»i ixhn pl. üUjI aßhän mind; intellect /i ddlt yaumtn do.; 4» olj j / ddft
gadin sometime in the future, before
J*i $ikni mental, intelleotual
long;... olS jfidäti ...(with foll. genit.)
X^h'i iikniya mentality
u to..., concerning ..., with referenoe
j'i rfä, gerat, ji dl, aee. li da, f. oii dät, to..., re; olilb bi-4-dät none other
pl. m. jjj dawü, ^Jjl «Zfl, pl. f. olfj than . . ., . . . of all thinga, . . . of all
 315 J3J

people; penonally, in peraon; ol^IU Ül in vain for, make futile efforta in order

I t of all people noiie other than to II to diaaolve, nwlt, liquefy (» s.th.)

I ...; olüli oiiJ j in London, of all IT to diaaolve (alao, o.g., tableta in water),

places : ol JJL. SjUJI (sa'drfa) eaaential hap- liquefy (» s.th.); to melt (» s.th.); to

pineaa, happineas proper; *-£ olj iät amelt (* metal); to oonaume, apend,
na/tiU, jt-jA oli 4- anjus&im hie aelf, ezhauat, uae up, aap (* a.th.) | •*#- w*ljt

their aelvea, hia (their) very natu»; (jvJutahü) to ezhauat a.o.'a energy; w*lil
<j'li j«, <j'li, j» (he) hinuelf; >Ji\ ol i the j <it IjLu ('uaarota mvilfM) to raok
Barne thing; »L-Nl oli the aame things; one'a brain with

Lr'li i_JI (*><<o) the aame year; «Ilil K-

^jj &avb diaaolution; aolution (alao,
iitihl by hinuelf (itself); in itself; a*
aa a liquid)
uch; for hia (ita) own aake; «ili j in

l— AoAii ihji fawabdn diasolution, melting,

itaelf; «jlj j /l rf. do.; «jUi f'li

aelf-exiatent t independent, self-oontained, deliqueaoenoe, liquefaotion | «Uli obji

iaolated; oliJLi <2JI (Jtoo) aelf-oonfidenoe; i^jhil) 4. af-lal) (o|-fii2fl/) anowbreak,

olill w— AuW> orf-rf- and oüll *^ moAo*. thaw; OLijiJJ Jil» q&bü li-i-i. meltable,

6ol eelf-love, Belfiahneaa, egoiam; aoloble, dissoluble

oj-tf.

oUI J» j|^VI aelf-oonfidenoe, eelf-

wjjX" todwib diaaolution, aolution,
relianoe; «jli; £r« self-evident, self-
melting, liquefaction
explanatory; <;IS i/ifc* mwtjgii aVUoAfi

olp j,l ibn aatnU «>IäI i$Aba diaaolution, aolution, melt-

aelf-oontradictory;
ing, liqnefaotion
deaoended from a good family, highbom
wJli iVib diasolved; melted, molten;
jli jfOK own, proper; aelf-produced,
aoloble, diaaoluble
eelf-creeted, apontaneoua; personal; self-

acting, aatomatio; subjeotive (pAtlo*.);

oli and oljj aee ji
(pl. -fi») subjeotivist (pMlot.); Ljli rfo>

(iym of oj., by oj.; penonally, in (ijj) jlj aVMa u (tfaurf, jLiJ (ftyotf) to aoatter,

penon Jljll £J-I (Awbm) autonomy

|
drive away, ohaae away; to remove
(j» », • b.o., a.th. from); to defend,
v'i tfAdy" penonality; aubjeotdvism protoot (j» 8.O., B.th.) *JLe Je fjjl ili
(pAtloe.); identity (of a penon) |
ijlill J^ (an>-nauma 'm
|

*a»natA») to drive or keep

identifioation (of a penon)
the aleep from hie eyea

v'^V ld-40t(ya impenonality

3,j favd defense, protection (j» of
Jljj gViwaW high-olaaa, ezelnaive, lux- a.th.)

jLi tfiydd defense, protection (j» of

s.th.)
'iilji aee Ji
>jX> mi$uad pl. >|fl* majäwid? manger,
'(w<jj) v'^ rf**° " tf»« » Olj^i oVwaMn) to orib, feeding trough
dissolve; to melt; to melt away; to ijli aVtrf pl. Sjlj gVMa defender, proteo-
liquefy, deliquesoe; to dwindle away,
tor
vaniah; to pine away, waate away (•/-»-

^j kasralan va-amm with grief and (öjj) j'i tf^lja « (aVwf, jlji iawSq, jli.
aoirow) | »L»- ^lj (/kayd'an) to die of ma^d}) to taste, sample (» food, etc.); to

ahame; J »jLifcl o<U (oa/druM) to atrive try, try out, tost (» a.th.); to get a taste
JJJ 316

(a of s.th.), experience, undergo, suffer 9jii duyü' widespreadness, common

(a s.th.), go through s.th. (a) IV to have ness; spreading, spread, disperaion, dif-

(» s.o.) taste or sample (a s.th.), give (a « fuaion; circulation (of news)

s.o. s.th.) to taste V to taste (a s.th.)

£jl-U madäyi' 2 telltale,
fb-u midytf pl.
slowly, repeatedly, thoroughly; to get a
talebearer, tattler, blabber, indiscret
taste (a of s.th.); to sense, perceive (a
person; radio Station, broadcasting Sta-
s.th.); to enjoy thoroughly, savor, relish
tion; broadcasting ; microphone; O radio
(a s.th.); to derive pleasure {<>* from)
aet

jjj daxtq pl. jljjl agwäq gustatory ic i 1

I idä'a spreading, dissemination
sense; taste (j for; also, e.g., literary
propagation ; announcement, proclama-
taste) ; perceptivity, responsiveness (j tion; publication; revelation, disclosure;
for) sensitivity, sensitiveness; savoir-
;
playback (of a tape; as opposed to re-
vivre, suavity, urbanity , tact ; liking,
broadcasting, radio;
cording); (pl. -Öl)
inclination; taste, flavor {of food, eto.) j
(radio) broadcast, transmission iclil
|

JUI jj-ül good taste jL*^Vl *. al-akbär newscast, news (radio);

<jjiij iclil (talfaziya) television broad-

Jjj daugi of taste, gustative, gustatory
cast, telecast; SXL*^ icül (lä-silkiya)
Jlji dawäq taste
and <J jiji_i [) icl i I radio broadcast
3 \j* dawwäq epicure, connoisseur, broadcasting, radio; ,j-±>j^\ **'i' police

gourmet, bon vivant radio ; icl iV I

*Lf majaüat al-i. radio
magazine
jlJu madäq taste
aj'Ij dä'i' widespread, common, general;
UJl i daiqa sense of taste
circulating, in ciroulation ; widely known |

^ji dawä % and daiciya a to wither, wilt, ir N.n'l *j\* d. ap-pit famous, noted, re-

fade; to be withered, be dry IV to cause nowned, widely known

to wilt, to dry
mX» madV spreader, disseminator,

j\'i däwin withered, faded, drooping propagator, proclaimer ; broadcasting,

transmitting (used attributively); (radio)
^i See ji transmitter; radio announcer

(wi) pli dä"a i (f-^jj duyü') to spread, get 4mJu mudi'a pl. -ät woman announcer
about, circulate, be spread, be dis- {radio)

seminated, be or become widespread; to

II to furnish. (a s.th., esp. a book) with
leak out, become public, become generally Jjj
an appendix, add a Supplement (a to);
known IV to spread, spread out, dis-
to provide (a s.th.) at the end (<-j with)
seminate, propagate (* or <~j s.th.); to
IV to trample underfoot, degrade, de-
make known, announce, make public,
base (a s.th.)
publicize, publish (a or v a -th.) ; to

promulgate (a or ^ s.th.); to show, Jji daü pl. Jjji duyül, jL»il adyäl
manifest, display (a or <_j s.th.), give the lowest or rearmost part of s.th.,

evidence (a or ^ of); to reveal, disclose, lower end; tau; hem, border (of a gar-
divulge (a or <-j s.th.); to emit (a electrio ment); train (of a skirt); läppet, coat
waves); to broadcast, transmit (a s.th., tau; bottom, foot, end (of a page); ap-
pendage, appendicle; addenda, Supple-
J* to the public; radio) j
SjÄiiJL £Jil

(taifam) to telecast (a s.th.) ment, appendiz (of a book); retinue,

 317 ,b

attendants, suite; dependent; result, lengthy, extensive; -JLiL> ji_c tama&saka

consequence | *bi j immediately there- bi-adyäliht to oling to s.o. 's coat taüs,

after; Jj-UI j*li» innocent, blameless, up- hold onto s.o. »UJi Jj j «J*/»- (jarra/afff)
;

right, honeBt; Jj-Ü1

Sjl<i» fahärat ad-4- to wipe out s.th., bring about the doom
innocence, moral integrity, probity, up- of s.th., let s.th. sink into oblivion; iV
rightnesB , honeety ; J-ji-H Ji^i* long »^iil JLiL» to reBort to s.th.

; rö' name of the letter j tjtj ra'ra'a: aJ-m tjfj {bi-'aiTiaihi) to roll

one's eyes
j rt'o pl. j^Jj ri'ün, oUj rt'öi lung
,jm\j ra'asa a {i-Uj rt'twa) to be at the head,
jjjj H'awi pulmonary, pulmonic,
Pneumonie, of or pertaining to the lung, be the^chairm&n, be in Charge (* of s.th.);

lung (used attributively) to preside (* over s.th.); to head, lead,

direct, manage, nin (* s.th.); — ^jj
jIj ra'aba a (ra'b) to mend, repair, patch up räum u to be the chief, the leader II to
(* a rent, and the like); to rectify, put in appoint aa chief or head, make the di-
order, set right {* s.th.) rector or leader, entrust with the di-

<jjj ru'ba patch (for mending a rent) rectum, management or chairmanship

(» s.o.) V = ra'asa Till to become or be
i-*t_^ mtr'ab pl. *->*l_^ marä'ib* repair
the chief, head, leader, or director
shop, garage
,jm\j ra*s m. and f., pl. ^jjj ru'üs,
jjAj (Fr. rapport) report
^Jjl ar'ua head (also aa a numerative of
oattle); chief, chieftaln, head, leader;
n^jlj rätinaj resin
Upper part, Upper end; tip; top, summit,
iiülj = Äiuj (look up alphabetically) peak Vertex, apex extremity, end prom-
; ; ;

ontory, headland, cape (geogr.); main

ijj ru'd soft, tender; ru'd and .ijj «lii (fatäh)
part ; beginning ; Ulj ra'aan directly,
delicate young girl
straightway; immediately |
<-*\j sui gen-
Ajj ri'd pl. iTjl ar'öd peraon of ap- eris, in a class by itself, independent,
proximately the same age, contempo- self-contained, e.g., *J\j k ('Um) a
rary science in itself; ^Äj ^Ij (both) alike,
one like the other, equally, without
jl^lj rädär radar
distinetion; ^lj Jp (with. foll. genit.)

JKÖjlj radikal* radical at the head of ; at the end of; at the be-

_jjilj tädiyö radio

ginning of, befdte, prior to; ,>*llj ^ß J*
(vxi-l-'ain) very gladly; just as you wish!

^jJ^jjIj rädiyölöji radiology at your Service! il^-iVl ^jjj J* *dä r.

il-aihäd in public, for all the world to

rji^J rädiyüm radium | J&U ^j'j ji radio- see ;
i_J»p
Jp L-tj ra'aan *alä 'aqbin upside
active down, topsy-turvyi e.g., i_-i* J* L-lj *-l;
rl 318

(qalabahü) to tum s.th. completely up- ways; Eg.); <-»!>^ tr4-*J f * o«-nuu7töflft
side down, upaet s.th. from the bottom President of parliament, Speaker of the
up; j.aÜl Jl ^]J\ £* (qadam) or > (lower) house; i^^J-l ü^jHl* ^j r. hai'at
|.ail ljM*-\ J| ^\j\ (afcmafil-qadam) from arkän aUharb ohief of general staff ; ^j
head to toe; Utj * *ij to pay attention to »IjjjJI r.al-ttmzard* and »jljjJl ^-iJj prime
s.th.; oU^fl ^tj the prinoipal evü, the minister, premier
root of all evü; ijj£ ^-lj Ras Tanura <-mj ra't» manageresB; directress;
(cape, E Saudi Arabia, oil oenter) ; *j$ ^-Tj
mother superior
f. |üm clove of garlio; ^^1 ^j r. ai-jisr
-uj ro'W main, chief, principal,
bridgehead; 4-.U- ^»tj (hämiya) hothead, {S
leading ^-ajj j>> {daur) leading role,
hotepur, firebrand ; iiJl ^tj r. u-sana |

New Year; Aj*Ji ^-1j r. oJ-'aTnfld ospital

leading part; (S
mj yi« («abab) principal

(of acolumnorpilaster); *-»U£Jl ^-Ij letter-

cause, main reason; ^j £jU mainstreet;
*e-$Jb JJLiÄll cardinal virtues(CAr.);iJLi-
head ; JL. ^lj pl. Jl^.1 ^j}j oapital (jSn.);
^T^ll -UÄ-. maaqaf, mcuqif ar-r. birthplace, <s-uj (maqäla) editorial, leading article,
leader
home town; ^1^)1 er «mi ar-r. zenith
(tutrtm.);
J\j\ oL)l (baiad) the capital &u-iJ rayyü (= ^j) mate (naval
city; gL/l/l ^jjj tiptoes rank; Eg.) |
jb/ ^^ (mumUz) a naval
ranjc (approx. = petty offioer 3rd class;
,j-lj ra'ri head (adj.), oephalio; main,
Eg. 1039)
chief, prinoipal; perpendioular, vertical
*-Uj n*<I*j, i-Uj nydao (also i-L)
JLclj raVfmUf oapitalistio ; (pl. -ün) leaderahip, leading positiou ; manage*
capitalist
ment, direction; ohairmanship; presi-

5JLe*lj ra'j-fluÜJyo oapitalism denoy, presidentahip; supervision, super-

intendenoy |
ijljjJl *-Uj prime ministry,
irjSj ra'U pl. »Ujj ru'aaä'* one at the
premiership;i-L^l jbpreaidentialpalaoe,
head, or in Charge, of; head; chieftain;
seat of the chief exeoutive of a country
leader; ohief, böse; raia; direetor; head-
maeter, principal; ohairman; governor; ^jj tara"us direotion, management;

President; manager, Bupenintendent; oon- ohairmanship

duetor (miu.); superior (as distinguished
^jj rawä'Ü* cIüFb Uning rirer beds
from tfjjj* aubordinate); (mü.) oaptain (wadis)
(Ir. 1022, Leb.; formerly also 8yr. and '
WJJj* fflar fi' aubordinate; (pl. -fin) a
Eg.); Jjl ^j (awwal) mUitary rank
subordinate, a subaltern
between captain and major (— Fr. capi-
taine 2**" claut; Ir. 1922, Syr. 1062) J»\j ra'afa a and ÜJj ro'u/a u (üTj ra'/a,
|

4ÜUVI ^j arohbiahop; «t-iUI ^j r.ai- 4*Tj ra'äfa) to ahow meroy (<-» on s.o.),

baladiya ohief of a munioipality, mayor; have pity (<^> with s.o.), be kind, gra-
jaJ»d\ fj-Mj editor-in-ohief; ü5jI ^^-jIj oious, meroiful (^ to s.o.) V do.
<-*jJ-I r.arkänal-harb ohief of general staff;
*i\j ra'fa and ÄiTj ra'äfa meroy, com-
C*üj_^äII ^j r. ai-tairifät ohief of pro-
passion, pity; kindlinww, graciousness
tocol, maater of oeremonies (of the king;
formerly Ir.); 5 — •\ciJl ^j archdeacon;
J>jjj ra'Qf meroiful, compaaaionate;
kind, benerolent; gracious
Mj* (>rjjj r. 'ura/d* (mtf.) maater Sergeant
(ir., Syr.); (Ul/I ^j r. al-aqsäm tech- jljl ar*af* kindlier, more gracious
nical direetor general (of the State Rail* (^ toward)
 ; ;;,

319
A,
L*lj nS/tyd raffia, rafha palm ly, act the hypoohte, (dis)simulate, dis-
semble (• toward s.o.) IV jjjl onl to show,
ra*omo a (ra'm) to repair, mend
Yb (* s.th.) demonstrate (* . to s.o. s.th.) \<jj ^ yä
turd (in interrogative sentences) what's
Vj ro'iflw o (üUj K'fnJn) to love tenderly
your opinion? would you say ...! I won-
(* a.th.), be very fond (* of); to treat
der . . . , &J L Ji I wonder when . .
.
tenderly, fondle, caress (* a.th.)
Ja iSj turü hol I wonder if . . . , would you
ri*m pl. aTjI ar'äm white antelope, say that... To*U Uly I (a-furdAd)I wonder
fj
addax if the has eome, would you say ahe has
oome? j_j*I Jlj- 1 would you say I should go
j*j n»*»m loving, tender (mother to back? V to deem, think, believe VI to pro-
f
her children)
sent o.a. to or oome intos.o.'s ( J) view, show
o.a. ( J to s.o.) to appear, seem ( J to s.o.)
•ütl
pL) rAfflo^oA Ramallah (town in W Jor- to appear right, seem appropriate (J to
;

dan, N of Jerusalem)
s.o.), be thought proper (J by s.o.); to

<-*lj rämiya ramie, a strong, luatroua bast see one another; to look at o.s. (in a
Aber; China Jute (bot.) mirror); to aot the hypoorite; to fake,
fcign, simulate (._* s.th.) Till to eonsider,
•ü'jlj räwand rhubarb oontemplate (* s.th.) ; to be of the opinion
(ul that), deoide (ül that) | Ulj JÜJ (ra**
l
Jj ra'ä tfj yarä (ra'y, l>Jj ru'ya) to see;
yan) to have an opinion; *Aj ^tjl (m'*
to behold, desory, peroeive, notioe, ob-
yahü) to share s.o.'s opinion
serve, disoern (* s.th.); to look (* * at
j;ij rtCy pl. #ljl <!r<!* opinion, view;
s.th. as), regard (* * s.th. as), oonaider,

deem, think idea, notion, concept, oonoeption; ad-

(* * s.th. to be ...); to
judge; to be of the opinion (ul that), Law) sub-
vioe, Suggestion, proposal; (Ul.

believe, think (ul that); to express one'a jective opinion, decision hased on one's
individual judgment (not on Koran and
opinion; to feel (ul that); to deem appro-
priate, think
Sunna) jTj j and jtj jj* in my
proper (* s.th.), deoide (* |

on s.th., ul to do s.th.); to eonsider,

opinion; ^J\ li* ^ L»l I am of this

oontemplate | C-jIjI a-ra'aita teil me wh&t

!
opinion; ul o)j ^ he is of the opinion

do you thinkT that J* Jj\ -U-l (uffia) it was

. .
j**)! Jj Jj (ra'ya l-'ain) ; .

to see with one's own put to the vote, (the matter) was voted
eyes; Ujj j;tj (ru**
upon; pAj x* j£j J he was not what
yä) to have a dream; «-***" c* J\j (ajaba)
they had expected; J\j *J *) j£j 1
to be amazed at s.th.; ljj\i J\j to »^ he had no say in the matter; fUl J\j\
expeot some benefit from s.th.; ,>. Jj
('ämm) publio opinion; jji^l ji pl. »Ij^f l jjj
Vr'j [min w&jibihi) to regard as one's
duty, deem incumbent upon o.s.; ul *J J\j sensible, judicious; man of good sense

to think that would be and judgment; well-informed, knowledge-

it in s.o. 's interest
to ...; *j\j ^\j (ra'yahü) to share s.o.'s
able person, one in the know; »Ij^l JjU
tabädulal-d. exohange of views; j;T^I <_L*
opinion; pass.: ul j;jj (ruiya) it was
decided that ptdb ar~r. obstinate, stubbora, opinionated
...; »^ül ^jj it was feit
proper to do so, it was thought to be the &J\ pJ qism ar-r. committoe of experts,
right thing to do m to aot ostentatiously,
counoil on legal and eoonomio matten
make a show (attaohed to the ministries; Eg.)
before people, attitudinize
to do eyeservioe; to behave hypocritioal- ijjj rdya pl. -ät banner, flag
 320
s\;

ru'ya seeing, looking, viewing; having to do with» etc.; <-*J\

the Lord
l,Jj
inspection, examination (= God) | tfj* VJ (6aA") a naval rank
{approx. — seaman; Eg.) ; ÜJUJl <-*j
IjJj ru'yä pl. iSjj ru'an vision; dream |

father of the faznily, paterfamilias; ^LjjI

\tjj\ jk*. eifr ar-r. the Apocalypse {Chr.)
üUJUt a. aa-sulfän the rulers; v^j'
^\j* mar' an sight, view; vision; ap- Jlil the capitalists; ^1 i>*-* the As-
parition | J* Jj- J* before a.o.'s eyes; cension (Chr.) ; oliUll ^IjjI o. al-ma'ä&ät

^ rt-'j i^j» J* (wa-masma'in) before the pensioners; JjJj-J' «t'^j' those previously
eyes and ears of; with füll knowledge of convicted; o_yJd\ «— *bjl artists

«Tj* mir'äh pl. *\j* marä'in, \±\j» ma* mistress lady <J>li *j j
<jj roifea pl. -ät ;
f

räyä looking glass, mirror; reflection, re- t. al-manzil the lady of the house; £^Jl *jj
flected image r.al-baü landlady; <^*i **j r. Si'rihi his

D ~o)j» miräya pl. -ät looking glaas, muse; JI*J-I oLj r. al-hijäl the ladies

mirror ^j ruift pl. t_jLj r»M6, <^>jj ruiüfc

»Lj ri'ä* and *i>j riyä' eyeservice; hy- rob, thiokened juice (of fruit) ; mash, pulp

pocrisy dissimulation dissemblance

^j ruifta (with foll. indet. genit.) many
, ;

Simulation of s.th.)
e -g-> J^J VJ (rojiti*») many a man,
((_->
ft >

•Tlj*, l\*\j* murä'äh eyeservice; hypoo- lj» ^j (marraitn) many a time

risy, dissimulation, dissemblance; Sim-

U j rubbamä sometimes ;
perhaps, may-
ulation (<-> of s.th.)
be, possibly

•Ij rä'in viewer, onlooker, spectator,

iij rabba, ribba a kind of skin eruption
observer affecting the head and face

O Vj rä'iya pl. -ät view finder (of

(_jLj rabab, <i^j rabäba rebab or rebec,
a camera) a stringed instrument of the Arabs re-

jj» marty seen; visible; ^1-jV the sembling the fiddle, with one to threo
visible things, the visible world strings (in Eg. usually two-stringed)

t \j» murä'in pl. üjjij- muraün hypo- !_uj rabib pl. »IjjI aribbä' 2 foster son,

crite stepsori; foster father; confederate, ally

iLjjj rabiba pl. i—JIjj rabä'ib 2 foster

s
iJj and ts^j see »j
daughter, stepdaughter ; foster mother;
8 jlj
röy an Egyptian variety of salmon (woman) ally

1 Lj_£j rubübiya divinity, deity, godship

*<t\j see j!j

üLj rubbän pl. -iya, SjIjj rabäbtTia

*_jj ro&fto u (ro&6, öUj ribäba) to be master,
captain, skipper; a naval rank, approx.
be lord, have possesaion (*, » of), control
= captain, üll üIjj (tänin) approx. =
{*, • s.o., s.th.), have command or au-
thority (*, 6 over); —u (rabb) and II to
Commander (Eg. 1939)

raise, bring up (» a child) II to deify, jlij rabbäni divine; pertaining to God j

oLjIjJI divine things; «jIjjII S^~«Jl (?aläh)

idolize (*, • s.o., s.th.)
the Lord's Prayer (Chr.)
•^j rabb pl, «_jIjj1 arbäb lord; master;
owner, proprietor (Isl. Law); (with foll. i>j* (eg.) mirabba (= Jj» murabban)

genit.) one possessed of, endowed with, jam, preserved fruit

 321
H->

i_jIj räbb stepfather come ashen, assume a glowering ex-

pression (face)
ilj räbba stepmother
Jjj- murbadd clouded; gloomy, morose
Lj raba'a a to hold in esteem, esteem highly
(face)
(<_> s.o.); tf- aj Lj to consider s.o. above
s.th., above doing s.th,, have too high an ^-ajj raba$a u (raba) to wait, look, watch, be
opinion of s.o. aa to suspect him of on the lookout (lj for) V to lurk, he
(doing) s.th. or as to expect him to do in wait (J for s.o.), waylay, ambush (J
s.th.; jp 4-ij bj (bi-nafsihi) to deem s.o.); to lay an ambush, move into an
o.s. above s.th., be too proud for, stand ambush; to take up positions [mil.)\ to
aloof from expect (a, lj s.th.), wait (a, lj for s.th,)
j

~<*>jAi\ (j^jy (furpata) to wait (or look) for

i^jj rabi'a pl. LLj rabäyä guard
an opportunity; j*^\ <u ,j*ij (amra) to
c-jj rabata i (rabt) to pat, caress, stroke wait for s.th. to befall s.o. or to happen
{» S.O.) II do. a4>- iIjj (fcaÄft'Äi) to to s.o., e.g., J ijJi 4j ^»ij to wait for s.o.
|
J*
pat s.o. 's cheek; üif J* lUjj (katifihi) to meet with disaster

to pat s.o. on the Shoulder; <l-Ü ojj ^-ajy tarabbup probationary term (adm.)
to be self-satisfied, self-complacent, smug
,j-*Jj%« mutarabbip candidate, aspirant

f-t j
rabiha a (ribh, rabah) to gain {* j+ from
s.th. s.th.), profit (j. from) ; to win (sports,
^jÄij rabada i {rabd, ^jij rubüd) to lie down;
to lie, reat (animals ; with the ehest to the
gamea) J cfj\^- £*£-j L. (tijäratuhum) their
ground); to lurk (J for s.o.)
businesa was unprofitable II and IV to
make (» s.o.) gain, allow s.o. («) a profit ,jjtij rabad pl. ^IjjI arbüd outakirts,

ri&A pl. -ljjl

suburb; place where animala lie down to
£j arftäA gain, profit;
rest
benefit ; interest (on money) ; pl. pro-
ceeds, returns, revenues; O dividends |
,j-*Jj* marbid pl, ,jai\j* maräbid 2 place
J3—-J
^j simple interest, <-Sj» £j {murale» where animals lie down to rest; sheep
kab) Compound interest pen, fold

t\jj rubbäh pl. ^-»Ijj rababih 2 monkey u

Jijj rabada % (rabt) to bind, tie up, make
arbah more profitable, more lucra-
2 fast, moor (* s,th.); to tie, fasten, attach,
ftJ \

tive hitch (Jl t. s.th. to); to connect (Jl * s.th.

with); to fix, appoint, determine (* s.th.);
~*£-\j* muräbaha (Isl. Law) resale with
to value, rate, assess (* s.th.); to add,
speeification of gain, resale with an ad-
append, affix (Jl * s.th. to); to insert

(Jl a s.th. in); to combine, unite (* a.th.,

f\j räbih profiteer, gainer, winner; l>jj — ir-j, ß-th. with); to hgate {* s.th.),
beneficiary; lucrative, gainful, profitable apply a tourniquet (* to); to bandage,
(businesa) dress (* a wound); to bridle, check (*, J*

s.th.); to brake (* a train); to suspend

fwJ* murbih lucrative, gainful, profit-
able {» a cleric; Chr.) |
ajLJ iajj (lisänahü) to
silence s.o.; 4-ii J»jj (qalbihi) to fortify
J*
Jjj V to become clouded, become overcast s.o., give s.o. patience (said of God);
(sky); to tum ashen, take on a glowering 4-iU- iajj (ja'Sahü) to keep one's self-

expression (face, with anger) IX to be- control, remain calm, be undismayed;

J*J 322

iijiJl -Ujj to praotioe highway robbery i.Uj' irtibäf oonneotedness, conneotion,

III to be lined up, poeted, stationed link; oontaot, liaison; tie (_* to); Obli-

(troops); to line up, take up positions; gation, engagement, oommitment; bear-

move into fight- ing (lj on), oonneotion (lj with), relation
to be moored (ahip) ; to
ing poaitionfl | o_Ü j J*jIj (qa^iyaÜhi) (_» to); unity; league, confederation |

to defend the oause of, fight for Till to ^LjjI üjJ* bidün irt. not binding, with-

bind o.a., oommit o.a., engage o.a.; to be out Obligation (com.); J»LjjI J*jL» liaison

bound (v by, also, e.g., by an Obligation), offleer

be tied (lj to); to be linked, be conneoted J.U-) J*j1j röötf al-jVi composed, calm,
(^ with); to depend (._» on); to unite,
unruffled, undiBmayed, fearless
join foroes
ÜüIj rtÜnfa pl. -UjIjj ratüäoif* band;
^jj rabt binding, tying; fastening, join- bond, tie; oonneotion, link; confederation,
ing, attaching, connecting; fixation, de- union, league |
ülo^Jl Jajjjj r. af-$adäqa
termination (of an amount, of a number) bonds of friendahip; 3-.^" <Mj" (**"

valuation, aasessment | Jl* Jajj finan- lämxya) the Moslem League

cial allocation; UJ\j Ji-I >l ahl al-haU

wa-r-r. influential people, those in power; L-X/« marbüf bound; connected; fas-

seam, tened, tied, moored (Jl to); fixed, ap-

±>J\ üt£> makän ar-r. (welded)
pointed; fiied salary; estimate (of the
weld (techn.)
budget)
]*j_j rabaf (tun.) aeotion, quarter (of a
±i\j* murdbit poeted, stationed; gar-
city), suburb
risoned (troops); Marabout |
J*;l_Al tri*-J

Üüj rabfa pl. -ät, .ULj ribät ribbon, band, (jaiS) the Territorial Army (Eg.)

bandage; bündle; parcel, paokage | 3k» j

U£j* murtabit conneoted« linked (lj
*JJ\ r. ar-raqaba neoktie; jUl *iuj r. as-
with); bound, oommitted (lj by); de-
säq gazter; ajjJI 31»jj money purae
pending, oonditional (lj on)

^Uj 5k»jl or-

fttfa
ribät

ribbon,
pl. -i», J»jj rufcttf,

band; ligature, ligament; -jj ro&a'a a to gallop (horse); — to sit;

to squat; to stay, live n to quadruple,

bandage; dressing (of a wound); bond,
fetter, ahaokle; —
Suspension (of a olerio;
multiply by four, inorease fourfold (*
a.th.); to square (* a number) V to sit or
Chr.); (pl. -Ä, -luj rvbvf) inn for travel-
sit down oross-legged; to sit ^i^Jl Jp qJ
ers, oaravansary; hospice (for Sufis or |

(*arS) to mount the throne, sit on the

the poor) | ö/r^l ^Uj r. al-ajriba garter;
throne
i.^L-1 ^Uj r. <U-jaxma shoestring; *JJ' -^J
r. ar-raqaba necktie »ij rab' pl. £y,j rvbü\ £Ijj r*6ö\

pUjI arbd', *>jl orfeu* home, residenoe,

J,ly r&£, ^tfl -Wjj rÄö* a/-/a# Rabat
quarters; pl. fjiJ region, area, terri-
(oapital of Moroooo)
tory, lands; £j (group of) people | gj\
j\X.\ Sklij r*6ö/a< cJ-/a'J oompoeure, JU-'I Rub' al Khali (desert region in S
self-control, oalmness, intrepidity Arabia)

humrnä quar-
rtj rib'i ßjj\ jf-
martibip r-rib'
±)j* marbif, marba, pl. -UjIj-

place where ftni m *l" are tied up tan (fever)

-Uj- maräbip hawser, *ij rub' pl. f\ij\ arbä* quarter, fourth
±)j* mirbat pl.

mooring cable; rope; O terminal (ei.) part; roubouh, a dry measure {Eg. —4
 ;

323
4j
£j» = 8.26 1); (*yr.) 25-piaster pieoe |
iwj- torfrTa pl. ^jl^" tardof* Square,

tf>- £iJ f - «*w* quarterly, trimestral quadrangle; Square, plaza; Square panel;
tile, floor tue
,yuj ru&'l quarterly, trimestral

*mj rab'a; Ayü\ iuj r. aX-qavAm and ^fzis tarbfi quadratio, Square

!uUII iuj r. ai-qOma (m. and f.) of medium ^il^l ar-röb? the fourth; Ulj räbi'an
height, medium-aized fourthly, in the fourth plaoe

4mj ru&'a robhah, a diy measure (Eg. wlj rooi' (due to erroneous pointing)
- »/«
C4« = 0.516 1)

£_ly roWnT athlete (boxer, wrestler. PjO* fTiarbtl* of medium height, me-
weight lifter, etc.) dium-sized

£-jj rooT spring, springtime, vernal gj* murabba' fourfold, quadruple;

seaeon; name of the third and fourth quadrangular; tetragonal; Square, quad-
months of the Muslim year (JjVI ^u r. ratio; quadrangle; a Square; (pl. -ät) quad-
al-awwaU Rabia I, and JUII «jy r. a|- rangular pieoe; quartet | gj» j+ (mür)
fdmt Rabia II); quarter, fourth part Square meter; £)L>Vl gj» quadrilateral
(matt.)
iwjl arba'a (f. £>jl orba*) four | o[»i
i*ij* murabba' a pl. -ät seotion, distriot,
£»jVI rfaittl* aJ-a. the quadrupeds
area
ji* 4«ijl arba'aJa 'aktra (f. ;^i* »ijl

arba'a 'aSrata) fourteen

£>lj« muräbi' partner in an agrioultural
enterprise (sharing one quarter of the
öj»tj\ arba'ün forty; 0j**jlM a oere-
gains or losses)
mony held an the 40th day after e.o.'s
\mJ* rir jalasa mutarabbi'an to sit
death | Cr^j^l x* *Wof-a. Asoenaion Day _
(

(CAr.)

jpLp rufen oonsisting of four, quadri- £»lj ruhig" pleasant, oomfortable

partite, fourfold, quadruple; quadran-
gular; tetragonal; {gram.) oonsisting of Jjj rt6j lasso, lariat

four radioal letters, quadriliteral; quartet; U*j ribqa, rabqa pl. Jij ribaa, JLjj
(pl. hK) quatrain (poet.) I^üj y^ (muto rioag, JLji arbäg noose
mar) four-power Conference; £jk*i\ ^/^j
<liij rabaha u (rabk) to muddle, entangle,
quadrilateral; J^jVt ^j
r. l-arjul quad-
oomplicate (* s.th.); to oonfuse, throv
ruped(al), four-footed; j\jli\ ^\jj 6j*
muharrik r. l-mihoär four-oyole engine
into oonfusion (*, • s.o., s.th.) ; — rabika
a (rabak) to be in an involved, oonfused
»UjjVI aJ-ar6a'd*, aJ-arW'd*. »LujVI p> Situation VIII to be oonfused; to be-
yaum aj-a. Wednesday oome involved ( j in)

£jij yarbü* pL ^ly yordW" jerboa iihj rabak involved, oonfused Situation
(Jaoulus jaculus; cool.)
iihj rabik oonfused; in trouble, beaet
gj* marba* pl. »» 1^ mordet' 1 meadow by diffioulties

*rij-" foroT lunar quarter; — (pl. ^i\J iJLJjl iriibäk pl. -dt entanglement, in-
toräof1 ) quadrangle; Square, plaia (sur- volvement; Bnarl, tangle, muddle, mess;
rounded by housee) | IJ lo)l -_jjT quadra- oonfusion; embarraBsment; upaet (of the
ture of the oircle stomaoh)
 ; ;

324
Aj
*iJj^ mwabbik confusing, bewildering, care; v^' *r!J^ (badaniya) physical edu-

disconcerting oation, physical training; OijJ-1 <^j t.

al-hayawän cattle farming, stockbreed-

iilJj* murtabik confused, complicated,
ing ; r-L^-Ul "<^j t. ad • da jaj chicken
involved; bewildered, disconcerted, em-
farming, poultry husbandry; iL-Jl <->j
barrassed; involved (j in)
t.as-eamak pisciculture ; olJLJl *~>jt. an-

Jjj rabil plump,

fleshy, fat (person) nabätät plant oultivation

Jij rabU, rabali fleshy iSy.J tarbawt, iSj^j tarbiyawi peda-

gogio, pedagogical
ILj rabla pl. rabaläi (mass of) flesh (of
the body) 4-jlj räbiya pl. »-jIjj rawäbin hill

J-jj
rabü fleshy, corpulent, fat \->j* murabbin pl. öj\j* murabbün edu-
oator; pedagogue; breeder (of livestock)
iJLj rabäia corpulence

4-jj« murabbiya pl. -ät tutoress, govern-

L* j BC6 <-»j
ess; dry nurse, nursemaid

(jij) ^J ra&* u (*^J rabS, jjj ru6ß«;) to in- ,Jja murabban raised, brought up
crease; to grow; to grow up; to exceed, educated; well -bred, well-mannered; jam,
(J* a number, also jp), be
more than preserved fruit; pl. oLi^* murabbayät
(J*) *^' J* j J ^
1
1 .
m
ore than a hundred preserves
II to make or let grow; to raise, rear,
v'j* muräbin ueurer
bring up (• s.o.); to eduoate; to teach,
instruct (. a child); to breed, raise (* o.g., ujj« mutarabbin well-bred, well-man-
poultry, cattle); to develop (* e.g., a nered

method) III to practice uBury IV to

p-Ljjjjj (Fr. reportage) pl. -ät reportage, re-
make grow, augment, increaee (* s.th.);
port
to exceed (J* a number, an age, a meae-
ure) V to be brought up, be educated; to <1>j\ aratt*, f. »\Sj rattä' 3 , pl. *l»j rutt af-

be bred, be raised flicted with a Bpeech defeot

jjj robw dyspnea, aethma i_Jj II to array, arrange, dispose (* a.th. in a

rubwa (rabwa, ribtva) pl. <Jj ru&an regulär Bequence or order); to decorate,
»jjj

hill
dreas (* a ahow window); to settle, deter-

mine, regulato (* s.th.); to put into

»jij ribwa pl. -ät ten thousand, myriad
proper order, put together (* words); to
Lj riban interest; usurious interest; prepare, set aside, earmark (* s.th.); to
usury fix, appoint (J * a salary for s.o.); to
make accme ( J» from),
(* s.th.) reault or
jjjj ribawi usurious
derive (J* * a.th. from), make (* s.th.)
»Ijj rabS surplus, excess; ßuperiority
the result or consequence of (J*) V to
(J* over s.o.); favor
fall in line; to be arranged, organized or

<->J tarbiya cducation, upbringing set up (along the lines of ) ; to be set aeide,
teaching, Instruction; pedagogy; breed- be assignod; to be subordinate (J* to
*
ing, raising (of animals) |
*~>ß\ i
g* sayyi* B.th.), be the result or consequence J* of ), (

at-t. ill-bred; i—j>JI J . I t ill-bred, result, follow, derive, spring (J* from),
uncivil, ill-mannered; i-*jjl ]p *üm at-t. be cauaed (J* by) |
«u X> i_Jj (6i-rfim*no*

pedagogy, pedagogics; JLÜ.VI <£j baby tihi) to become the debtor of s.o.
 325
rJ
<Jj ruiba pl. t-Jj rutab degree, grade, gj rata'a a (rat', ^Jij rutü', g\fj ritä") to
level ; rank, Btanding, Station ; class, pasture, graze; to gormandize, carouse,
quality; (mil.) rank; olerical rank, ofder feast; to revel, indulge freely (j in) IV to
(of the Christian ministry) ; religious pasture, put out to graze {* cattle)
ceremony (Chr.) u-f^l i^bT ritual {of
|
pJjA marta' pl. ^j* marcUi* 2 rieh
the Roman Catholio Church)
grazing land, pasture; fertile ground (J

4j\Sj ratäba monotony for; fig.); breeding ground, hotbed (of

vice, of evil, etc.)
<_*Jj rattb monotonous

»Ljj rutabä* 1 noncommissioned offi-

JJj rataqa u i (ratq) to mend, repair, patch

cers (Syr.; mil.)

up, sew up (* s.th.)

<$j ratq pl. jjjj rvtvq patching, mend-

~<3j* martaba pl. <--j\j* marätib 2 step;
a steplike elevation serving as a seat;
ing, repair; dam (of a stocking)

mattress ; grade, degree, rank, class |

l
dÜj rataka u i (ratk, ratak, ü&ö ratakän)
JjVI v^' J {ülä) first (roortgage) to run with short stepa, trot

<^üj tartlb pl. -ät Order, arrangement, 2

dtij* martak litharge (ehem.)
array ; sequence, succession ; make-up,
setup; layout (of a complex, e.g., of Jjj ratila a (rata!) to be regulär, well-ordered,
houses) ; Organization; preparation, ar-
neat, tidy II to phrase elegantly :AS3l al-
(f
rangement, provision, measure, step; kaläma one's words); to psalmodize, re-

rite of administering a sacrament (Chr.) cite in a singsong; to sing, chant (a Spir-

|

u-ijJ3lj one by one,in proper Buccession; itual songs, hymns; Chr.)

«r^H-r -^ disorderly, in confuaion

Cr*
Jjj rail pl. JLfjl artäl railroad train |

motorized convoy
ifZj tartibi ordinal | ^J j.u. (*adad)
iß oPj (äli) (mil.)

ordinal number »^pUj rutailä' 2

harvestman (Phalan-

^Jlj rätib monotonous; gium), daddy longlegs; tarantula

(pl. <~Z\jj ra»
u-ätib 2 ) salary, pay, emolument; pl. <^J\ jj JJ_r tartil slow recitation of the Koran
certain supererogatory exercises of de- (a technical term of tajwid) ; psahnodizing,
votion psalmody, singsong recitation; singing,

c-Jj- murattab arranged; organized, set

chanting (of hymns, etc.; Chr.); — (pl.

up, regulated, etc.; (pl. -ät) salary, pay, Jjlj- tarütiP) hymn; religious song (Chr.)

emolument ÜJy tartila pl. J-jIj-" tarätiP hymn

Jj^t murattil church singer; choirboy,
£j rataja u (ratj) to lock, bar, bolt (* the
door); — ratija a (rataj) to be tongue- chorister (Chr.); singer, chanter

tied, be speechless, falter IV paes. *-U £jl

:
(rj ratama i (ratm) to utter, say (iJ& bi-
(urtija) words failed him, he was speech-
kalima a word; only with neg.)
less, he didn't know what to say, he
was at a loss
ratam (coli.; n. un. I) retem (Re-
fj
tama raetam Webb., Genista raetam
j-IJj ritäj pl. £j ruiuj, Alj ratä'if
Forsk.; bot.)
gate, gateway j
^UjJI SC* muhkam ar-r.

firmly bolted (gate) <*j ratma and **Jj ratlma pl. * Ljj
ratä'im 2 , * Üj ritäm thread wound around
pixJj ratinaj (= p^jfj) resin one's finger as a reminder
yj 326

(jjj) Ijj rata u and II Jj rattä to mend, dam ahake, quake Till to be conrulsed, shake,

(* o.g., stockings) tremble, quake

rj rajj shaking, rooking, convulsion

^JSj (Fr. refcwcAe) riMtf retouch
l*-j rajja convulsion; shook, concns-
«ulj ratlnaj (= g^Jlj) k8^ sion

Lu'j (It. refina) rartna pl. JLij «Win* incan- p-Uj r*ij&i trembling, quaking, shak-
descent mantle ing, rooking

g-lfjl irtijäj shook, concussion; trem-

*l*j rafla * («JÜj ratäta, «SjJj ru^ü|a) to be rag-
ged, tattered, shabby, worn (garment)
bling, tremor | O £11 e^£j' wl al-muJ&
cerebral concussion (med.)
ij rag pl. ilij ritä$ old, shabby,
worn, threadbare ÄiAt ij r. aJ-Aa*'a of Ip-j IT to postpone, adjourn, defer, put off
|

shabby appaaranoe (* s.th.)

•Ujl irjS postponement, deferment,

oj riga old, outmoded things, worn
adjournment
olothes

£jj ro^if old, ahabby, worn, threadbare w^-j rajaba u and rajiba a (rajab) to be afraid

3SÜj rofdta shabbiness, raggedness

w^-j rajab Rajab, the seventh month
ojij rujtlja shabbiness, raggedness
of the Muslim year

(jjj and Jj) Ijj raW u {raiu>) to bewail, la-

«p-j rajaba atu (r>*-J «*;flA, ^^J n*#5n)
ment, celebrate in an elegy, in a funeral
to incline (scale of a balance); to weigh
oration (• a deceased person); — Jj
more, be of greater weight; to prepon-
rata % (raiy, »Ijj ritä', v> martiya, Jlj,.
derate, predominate; to surpass, excel
marjöA) to bewail, lament, bemoan (• a
(• s.o.); to be very likely (öl that), ^*-j
deceased person); to elegize, celebrate in
Ol »Ji*. it appeared to him most likely
an elegy, in a funeral oration (• a de-
that . . . ;
— to weigh (• Xj * s.th. in the
ceased person); to mourn (J for, over),
hand) II to make (* s.th.) outweigh (J*
deplore (J s.o. or s.th.); to pity (J s.o.)*
s.th. eise), give preponderance (* to s.th.,
feel sorry (J for) | iLj* »Uj to elegize s.o.
J» over); to think (* s.th.) weightier; to
(a deceased person), bewail and celebrate
prefer {J* * s-th. to), give (* s.th.) pref-
bim in an elegy; *J uV ^ (yu^d) a de-
erence (J* to), favor (J* * s.th. more
plorable, regrettable thing
than) ; to think likely or probable (* s.th. t
Jj raiy bewailing, bemoaning, lam- Ol that) T to carry greater weight,
entation be weightier, preponderate; to Swing
back and forth, pendulate; to rock; to
•Ijj rgö* bewailing, bemoaning, lam-
seesaw, teeter Till to swing back and
entation; regret; elegiao poetry
forth, pendulate; to rook; to seesaw,
VJ r<^y° pl* fafayät arthritis, gout
teeter

S-Jj- martiya and SÜj* marfäh pl. *i*lj*

1*-Uj rajäha forbearance, indulgence,
maräiin elegy, dirge, epicedium; pl. ii<lj*
lenienoy; composure, equanimity
funeral orations
ol*-j rujhän preponderance, predoui-

*j roj'ja u (rojj) to convulse, shake, rock inance (J» over), ascendancy, superi-
Us.th.); pass.ru77atobeshaken l tremble, ority
 j , ; ;

327
e^ j
«*-jl arjah 7 superior in weight, pre- ^^-»-j rajis dirty, filthy

ponderant; having more in its favor,

i-l*-j rajäsa dirt, squalor
more acoeptable ; preferable ; more likely,

more probable |
öl j^-jV it is most likely ^-i*-j rajjäs roaring, surging (sea)

that . .
. ;
probably . .
. ; ^- V J* probably
1 thundering
in all probability
«*-j raja'a i
(f\yrj rujü') to come back,
i_*jl arjahiya preponderance, pre-
come again, return; to recur; to resort,
dominance, prevalence
turn (Jl to); to recommence, begin again,
«*-_t>-jl urjüka pl.^-ljl aräjih* seeaaw; resume (Jl a.th.); to fall baok (Jl on), go
Bwing; cradle back, revert (Jl to); to look up (Jl s.th.

in a book), conault (Jl a book); to go

w-lj räjify auperior in weight, prepon-
back, be traceable Jl to), be attributable
derant; having more in ita favor, more (

(jl Jl to the fact that ...), derive, stem,

acceptable; preferable; probable, likely
spring (Jl from); Jl 4j *>-j to reduce s.th.
3
~**-j*-j* vuxrjüha pl. 7*f?\j* maräjih
to (ita elementa, or the like); to depend
seesaw; swing
(Jl on); to be due, belong by right
1

t^ja murajjah preponderant, pre- (Jl to); to fall under a.o.'a (J) Juris-

dominant; probable, likely diction, be s.o.'s (J) bailiwick; to de-

sist, refrain (j-p from); to withdraw
rj*rj rajraja and II tarajraja to tremble,
(je, also j, e.g., what one has said),
quiver; to sway revoke, countermand, repeal, cancel (j*

r^j*rJ Tajräj agitated; trembling, trem- or (_j, e.g., a decision) ; to turn against s.o.

ulous; swaying; quivering; r}j>-J\ the (J*); ü^Ü J* 4j **-j to claim restitution

Boa of s.th. from s.o.; to demand, claim (t-»

s.th., J* from s.o.); to entail, involve

i^-j VIII to compose or declaim poema in the
(<-> s.th., a consequence); to have a good
meter rajaz; to thunder, roar, surge (sea)
effect (j on), be successful (j with) |

jj-j rujz, rijz punishment (infücted by *J* J* £TJ ('o^fitAi) pl. ^U^l J* I^tj
God) ; dirt, filth (a'qäbihim) to retrace one's steps, go baok
the way one came; ***-JI Jl *>-j (sihha) to
j»-j rajaz name of a poetical meter
regain one's health; *j}j~° Jl g-j (#>
jl*-ji arjäz verees in the meter rajaz; wäbihi) to come to one's senses; *^-j
little (work) song 4~Ju Jl to watch examine
o.s., o.s.; *^y
äjj^j'i urjüza pl. >*-ljl aräjlz 2 poem jl Jl tiJJJ this is due to the fact that ...

in the meter rajaz Jl ,_~uJl a^j- (sabab) the reaaon is to

be found in ...; Jl »jTlJJl *j C-*»-j he re-

ajj»-jl look up alphabeticalJy called, remembered ...; a+'JS' j **-j {kalä*

and rajusa u mihi) to go back on one's word II to

ij^-j
rajisa a [rajas) (*-l*-j ra*

commit a cause to come back or return; to return,

jäsa) to be dirty, filthy; to
do give back; to send back; to turn away
shameful act, a.th. disgraceful or
dirty (^ • b.o. from); to sing or chant in a
vibrant, quavering tone; to echo, rever-
u-*-j
rijs pl. ^U-jl arjäs dirt, filth;
berate (* s.th.) [
«l-u» *>-j [ßadähu) to
dirty thing or act, atrocity
return the eoho of s.th., echo a.th. III to
'

^r^-j rajas pl. ^l^jl arjäs dirt, filth return, come back (*, • to); to reve»-
 328
cr j
(* to) ; to go over s.th. (*) again, reiterate, fj*rj rujü' return; reverting, coming
repeat (* s.th.); to go back, apply for back {Jl to); recourse (Jl to); trace-
Information {* to), consult (* a book), ability (Jl to); revocation, withdrawal,
look up (# in a book); to turn (• to s.o., retraotion (
je of s.th.) ; restgnation,

j in s.th. for advice, etc.), consult, aak surrender (j* of s.th.); reolamation; re-
(» s.o.); to refer (*, • to); to check, verify, call; restitution, retum |
JbjJl fyrj by
examine critically (* s.th.); to audit {* return mail
e
accounts, etc.) | <U* w-'j ( agluhü) to
»5»-j rajV excrement
come toone's senses; (nafsahü)
ct'j
to try to make up one's mind, reconsider **;-j» marji' pl. -*-lj* maräji* 3 return;

the whole thing, think the matter over; authority to which one turns or appeals;

£»-0 yuräja' (in cross references) see ... place of refuge, retreat; recourse, re-

IV to make or let return; to take baok, sort ; authority ; competent authority,

turn back (Jl » s.o. to s.th.); to force (» responsible agency; source (esp. scientif-

s.o.) to turn back; to ascribe, attribute, ic), authoritative reference work ; re-

trace ( Jl * s.th. to) V to retum, come again; source; source to which s.th. goea back
to reverberate, echo VI to return to one or to which s.th. can be attributed;

another; to withdraw, retreat, fall back, starting point, origin; recourso (jur.) |

back off; to retrograde, fall off, diminish, jkJI a^-j* m.an-nazar Jurisdiction, com-
deteriorate ; to dopart gradually (je from) petence: 4JI *»-jJJ he is the one to tum
to fall behind, lag bchind to chango one's
; to; Jl «ilii j (**-j^' I am thereby referring
mind X to demand the return of s.th. to ...; Jl »^yiJl IIa (**-j* ^ this was due
(a), reclaim (a s.th.); to get back, recover, to ..., was attributable to ...;f»ry ,?J'
rctrieve, regain (* s.th.); to take back, J-ÄÜl (m. ul-fadl) tho merit is due to thera
withdraw (o.g., !-Uj wadan a promise),
4-*>-^ marji'iya authority
revoke, ropeal, countermand, cancel (*
s.th., o.g., a decision); to say the words: i*>-1j- muräja'a reiteration, repetition;
üjjo~\j aJI Ulj *u Ij'I innä li-lläki wa-innä inspection, study, examination; con-
ilaihi räji'ün | *üU- Jl **»-jwl (häjiza* sultation (of a reference work); request;
tihi) to call s.th. to mind, recall s.th. application, petition (esp. to an authori-
ty); application for advice or Instruc-
**-j raf coming back, return; (also
tions, etc., consultation (of s.o.); chock-
Oj_aJi *»-j r. as-saut, (_j-UdJ! **-j r. op-
ing, verification, re-examination; audit-
$adä) echo ^-aJ'
i^ß" ^a r ü-basar
' -
|

ing, audit (also ^L-A-l Za*-\j+); revision,

in the twinkhng of an eye, in a moment
correction (of a manuscript)
,j^tj raj'i reactionary; retroactivejrev-
fU-jl irjä' return, restitution; rcfund-
ocable (Isl. Law) \ ^j^-j j Ij (bi-aiar) with
rotroactive force (jur.) ment; attribution (Jl to); reduction (Jl
to)
i_»»-j raj'iya reactionism, reaction
*»- 1
j taräju' withdrawal, retreat
Äj>»-j raj'a return; recurrence; revo-
change of mind; recession, retrograda-
oation, cancellation ; receipt, voucher;
tion
— rafa, rij'a retum to one's wife after
divorce, remarriage with one's divoroed 9 Lfjl irtijä* retum to an older form or

wife (Isl. Law) Order, reactionism, reaction

,^**-j ruj'ä reactionism, reaction ^Lfjl irtijcfi reactionary

 ; ;

320 ü*J

fl».j^-l istirjä* reclamation; recovery, J^-j rajul pl.

jU-j rijäl man; pl. O^U-j
retrieval; retraction, withdrawal, revo- rijälät great, important men, leading Per-
cation sonalities, men of distinction |
ilj^II Jl*-j

returning, reverting, eto.;

r.ad-daula atatesmen; X— Jl jU-j r. aa-
»»-Ij räji'
sanod infonnants, sources of Information
due, attributable <JI to); rightfuUy be-
longing (Jl to s.o.); subject (J to a.th.); JU-j rijäli men 's, for men (e.g., ap-
depending (J on) | "**»r^ß ^-\ (hwnmä) parel)
relapsing fever
*J^*-j ntjüla masculinity, virility, man-
«»-1^. muräji* checker, verifier, exam- hood
iner; reviser |
oUL-A-1 pfr^j» m - al-hisä*
*Jj>tj rujüliya masoulinity, virility,
bat auditor, comptroller
manhood
»Juj-j rajafa u (rajf, üli*-j rajafän) to be con-
- maräjil 2 cooking
J»-j- mirjal pl. Jr'j
vulsed, be ahaken; to tremble, quake; to
kettle, caldron; boiler
ahiver, shudder; — to agitate, convulse,
IV to make tremble jLrfijl irtijäl improviaation, extempo-
ahake (• s.o.) (• ß.o.)

or ehudder; to convulse, shake, rock rization, extemporary speech

(* s.th.); to spread lies, falsa rumore;

JLtfjl irtijäli extemporary, improviaed,
alsowithi-j,e.g.,ol»^L; »Ju^jl (bi-ftirä'ät)
impromptu, offhand, unprepared
to spread calumnies Till to tremble,
quake; to shudder J^-Ij räjÜ pl. JrJ rafl> "^Wj rajjäia,

JU-j rujjäl, ü'^-j rujlän going on foot,

~<**rJ rajfa (n. vic.) trepidation, tremor;
Walking; pedestrian
shudder, shiver
J*v* murtajal improviaed, extempo-
JU-j rajjäf trembüng, quaking
raneoua, extemporary, impromptu, off-
shaken, convulsed
hand
JiU-jl irjäf pl. i-ijr-ij' aräjlf1 untrue,
1
jr j rajama u (rajm) to stone (• s.o.); to
disquieting talk, false rumor
curse, damn, abuae, revile (• s.o.) |
-*-j

rajila a to go on foot, walk II to comb t-jJ U {gaib) to talk about s.th. of which one
J^-j
(* the hair); to let down (* the hair), let knows nothing; to gueaa, aurmise, make
it hang long V = I; to dismount (j- or conjectures; to predict the future II ^-j
je- from; rider); to assume masculine <_—*Jl> do.
mannora, behave like a man | <ÄiJ* <j ^j jj-j rajm stoning; (pl. j»j»-j rujüm)
to walk all the way VIII to improvise,
missile |
<_^J L; >-j (gaib) conjecture,
extemporize, deliver offhand (* a speech)
guesawork; prophecy
X to bocome a man, reach the age of
manhood, grow up; to act like a man, j-j rujum shooting stars, meteorites

display mascuüne mannera or qualities rujam, rijäm

i^j rujma pl, -»-j j»U-j

J»-j rijl f., pl. Jr-> 1 ar 7 ul foot J le 8 tombstone

JrJ r *i' P*- Jl*-->'

arfä swar111 (
es P- ^»-j rajim stoned ; cursed, damned
of locuats); — common puralane (Por- see also alphabetically

tulaca oleracea L. ; bot.)

2
f-} t aj^J look up alphabetically
J^j rajü going on foot, pedeatrian,

Walking *jj*rj* marjüna basket

yrj 330

(j*rj) Vj r°?ä u (»Vj Ta ß'* »W-j ™jöA, ^j rajiya a to beoome silent; to remain si-
:L*-j* marjoÄ) to hope; to hope for B.th. lent; pass. «-L ^j (rujiya) to be tongue-

{*) ; to expeot, anticipate (* s.th.), look for- tied, be unable to utter a sound
ward (* to); to wish (* for s.th., * J s.o.
rt-j (Fr. rigime) rijim diet
s.th., e.g., suooess); to ask {* for s.th.,
,>or< s.o., öl todos.th.), request (*e.th., ^-»-j rahiba a (rahab) and rahuba u {ruhb,
,> from s.o., ul that he ...) I^U-t j «Uj ijU-j rahaba) to be wide, spacious, roomy
(ühäh) to plead with s.o., implore s.o.; II to welcome {«_> s.o., also «_> s.th., e.g.,
;i»-ljil #4» j^j\ {'adama l-mu'älfada) I news), bid welcome («_> to s.o.); to re-
must ask your indulgenoe V to hope (*, ceive graciously, make welcome (»-> s.o.)
* for); to expect, anticipate (•, * s.th., V to welcome («_> b.o.), bid weloome (v* )
s.o.), look forward (* to); to request
(--»-j rahb wide, spacious, roomy; un-
(• s.o.); to ask (• s.o.) VIII to hope (*,
confined |
jX^JI «-*-j r. aß-padr generous,
* for); to expeot, anticipate («, * s.th.,
magnanimous ; broad-minded , open
s.o.), look forward (* to); to dread {• s.o.)
minded , liberal ; frank , candid , open
L*-j rajan and »L*-j rajä' pl. »L»-jl hearted; carefree; i_^-j jX** (rahb) gen
arjä' side, direction; region; — pl*»L?j! erosity, magnanimity ; open- minded
arjä* vastnesses (of a land), expanses; ness, broad-mindedness, liberality; frank'
whole vicinity or area |
*j*L*-jI j about its ness, candor; f\J\ *-*-j generous, open
interior, e.g., ü_^JI »Ujl j (gvrfa) all about handed, liberal; fijJJl i_-»-j do.
the room, j^Ul »Ujl j all over the !_~*-j ruhb vastness, wideness, spacious-
country, throughout the country; CjjLj*
ness, unconfinedness <*Jlj i_-»-jJl
**ijl »U-jl
|
J* Jl
J: ä,.a-,lli (o. ur-radha) the en-
(atä, sa'a) to be welcome; Ä*-j L>-j .u-j
tire auditorium resounded with applause;
(aa'atan) to meet with a friendly reception
#L*-jVi ^LS and »UjVI ^lj vaat in ex-
tent, vast-dimensioned i_-»-j rahab vastness, wideness, spa-
ciousness, unconfinedness |
jX^Jl <-
r*-j r.
»U-j rajä* hope (i_>, j and genit.
ap-padr magnanimity, generosity; light-
of); expectation, anticipation; urgent re-
heartedness
quest | .U-j J* in the hope of, hoping for;
Ä-*-j rahba, rahaba pl. -dt pubhc Square
LJl »Ltj r°?ö' ai-'*'»» for your Informa-
(surrounded by buildings) {pl. roAofeö*
tion (on memos, records, etc.); »U-jJI ^tj ;

and <_- U-j rihäb) vastness, expanse

J-UJI Cape of Good Hope |

ö^ll uUj rihäb al-kaun and »Liill «-»L-j

*U-j rajäh hope, expectation, antici- r. al-fadä* vastness of outer space
pation
i_—^j rahib = <^-»-j rahb
Ä-»-j rajiya s.th. hoped for; hope
ijU-j rahaba wideness, vastness, spa-
Sl*-j* marjäh hope ciousness, unconfinedness |
j-L-Jl ÄjL-j r.

ap-padr magnanimity, generoßity

r'lj räj'in hoping, füll of hope
•iL L*-_p marhaban bika welcome!
y?j+ marjüw hoped for, expected; re-
queated jl ilJLii ,>. >*vJ.I (min fadlika) <-j\*-S tarhäb welcome, greeting |
«LÜ
|

approx. : I hope you will be kind enough

i-jU-jÖ (qäbalahü) to receive s.o. with open

to ...; öl i\*\j+ >*rjJ>l {murä'ätu) please arms

notice that ..., attention is called to the »„-j-v' tarhib welcoming, welcome, greet-
fact that ... ing
 * :

331
r j

rf-j rahraha: f^l> £j-j (*»&»»)

to equiv- gratory, nomadic; — (pl. *JL»-j rahhäla)

ooate, epeak ambiguoualy, beat around great traveler, eiplorer; nomad |

jjM\
the busb. "*i
\*-J\
migratory birds; Jj-JI (üIj^JI) t-jj/^lfl
('urbän) the nomadio Bedouins
•yf^, roAroA and ^^j rahräh wide,
broad, fiat; carefree, pleaaant (life) iJUj rahhäla great traveler, explorer;
globetrotter
*i*-j rahada a (rahd) to rinse, waah
t
äL-j* marhala pl. J*-'j* marahiP a
^Uj* mirhäd pL j-i^lj- fnordAi^ lav- day's journey; leg of a journey; way
atory, toilet Station ; stage, phase *-l* -u> (yazl*
| J*- 1^
du) it ezceeds it by fax; L^L*- J*-j/» j
Js*-j raAüf
exquisite wine; neotar
(hayätihä) throughout her life, in every

>J*-j
raAala a (Js»-j faAfJ) to set out; to Btage of her life

depart, leave; to move away, einigrate;

JL-J" tarhöl departure, setting out |

to start ( jp from & place) ^Juj J*- j_ J*-j

nomadio
:L»- hayät at-t.
|
Jl*-J3l life
(ywfvm) a man constantly on the go,
J^v" tarhfl emigration, exodus; ef-
a dynamio man II to make (* s.o.)
fectuation of (s.o.'b) departure; depor-
leave, induoo or urge (• s.o.) to depart;
resettle, re- tation; evaouation; resettlement; trans-
to evacuate (Jl • s.o. to),
fer; moving; transport, transportation;
locate (Jl • s.o. in); to deport (Jl • s.o.

posting (of accounte); carryüig forward

to); to allow (. s.o.) to emigrate; to give
dispatoh
{fin.); JL* J-^y t. 'ummäl as-
(• s.o.) travel clearance; to oarry (pas- |

to transfer
signment (or detailing) of workmen
sengers , e. g. , a ship ) ; (

s.th.); to transport, oonvey, forward Jl^jl irtihäl departure, setting out;

(* B.th.); to dispatch, send out (* emigration, exodus; demise

s.th.); to carry over, post (* an item; ruhhal departing,
J*-Ij rahil pl. J*-j
bookkeeping) ; to oarry forward (* the leaving, parting; traveling; (pl. -ün) de-
balance; bank) V to wander, roam,
ceased, late, esp. J*-'Jl *-")' the deceased
migrate, lead a nomadic life; to be evac-
il*-lj rähila pl. J*-Ijj rawähil* female
uated VIII to set out, leave, depart; to
riding camel |
4=1*- lj xi (Sadda) to saddle
move away, emigrate | *jj «>j Jl Jo'
one's camel, start out on a journey
(iiä rahmati rabbihi) to pass away, die
murahhal pl. -ät cany-over |
J*-^.
J*-j rahl pl.
JU-j rihäl camel saddle;
J*-j* fj*J~
balance carried forward (fin.)
Baddlebaga; baggage, luggage; pl. stop-

ping place, stop, stopover | JU-JI -Li

a
J^lj rähiP Rachel
(Sadda) to set out, break camp; *JUj ^11 j-j rahima a (ii-j rahma, *j-j* marhama)
aiqä rihäiahü to stop (
j in, at) to have mercy (• upon s.o.), have com-
passion (• for s.o.); to spare, let ofF(» s.o.);
äL-j rihla travel, journey; trip, tour;
to be merciful II 4-1* j-j to say to s.o.
travelogue
Zi\ dii-j rahivtaka lläh may God have
il*-j ruhla destination, place for which
mercy upon you; to ask God to have
one is bound
mercy (J* upon s.o.), plead for God's
X»-j rahil departure, setting out; emi- mercy Jp for what has happened) V —
(
II ;

gration; exodus; demise VI to ahow human understanding for

JU-j rahhäl pl. ruhhal roving, one another, love and respect one an-
J*-j
roaming, peregrinating, wandering, mi- other X to ask (» s.o.) to have mercy
 rj 332

rahim, rihm pl. *Lyl arhäm

fj f., s.o.); to reduce the price (* of s.th.)
uterus ; womb ; relationahip, kinship j
IV to reduce the price (* of s.th.) V to be
fl*-jVi jj* iaviü l-a. relatives on the ma- willing to please, meet on fair terms ( j «
ternal aide s.o. in), show o.ß. ready to oompromise (*.
i>j rahma pity, compassion; with a.o. j in a.th.); to make
human concessions
understanding, sympathy, kindness; mer- ( j or <_> in s.th.); to permit o.s. liberties,

cy o-j c* off to be at take liberties (j in) X to find cheap,

| s.o. 's mercy;
ö-j c* *L*- to leave regard as inexpensive (* s.th.); torequest
s.th. or s.o. to s.o. 's

mercy; i*-J\ J»L-j pall s.o.'s (•) permi&sion

^»-j rahim pl. »Lr^ ruAanuT' and um±j rakf supple, tender, soft
fj»-j
roAüm merciful, compassionate "*&> cheapness, inexpensiveneee
cr**"J

jj^ll ar-roÄmdn the Merciful (i.e., God) <-**^j ruhpa pl. m±j rukap permission;
concession, license, franchiae; admission;
ö-j* marÄoma pl. ^Ij* marflflrim 1 pity,
authorization; leave; permit SilJ y Aj
oompassion, Bympathy; mercy | rt

oljLJI r. qiyädat as-aayyärät driving

p-J tarklm: J^J p-J (mavid) pl. permit, operator's license
£*-Lr" tofflAim 1 intercessory prayer for
tue dead (CAr.) u^-j rakif supple, tender, soft; cheap,
inexpensive, low-priced; base, mean, low;
^Ujwl irftrAäm plea for mercy trash, trumpery
p*-j* marAflm deoeased, late, e.g.,
•uJl
UV-/ tarbU pl. -ät t
lJ ^.\j taräkis*
^J.\ the late Mr. ...
granting of permission; permission; au-

rahan thorization ; mandate ; concession ; li-

^f-j
f., pl. .l*-jl arhä', ^.j ruhxy,
cense; price reduotion, price cut
V-j arhiya quem, hand mül
| ^^1 yt
Äo?or ar-r. millstone; «^oi-1 ^-j £*j\a murtalcas
u*£-j» low-priced, inex-
(JUill) döra( r. Z-Aarb the

broke out; the war (fighting) was going on

war (fighting) pensive, cheap |
JU, ^Jc^ £ kullu
murtakapin wa-gälin every conceivable
effort, everything (in one's power)
jj*~_) rahatci rotating, rotatory

tfU-j rahhäy pl. -ün grinder

f-j
rdjpuma u (öU-j rakäma) and rakama u
to be soft, mellow, gentle, pleasant
£j rakka u to mix with water, düute (* wine)
J*) l^L, ^J^ rakamat
(voice); (l^L,
r
£j rakfe (n. un. ;) light shower ba%4ahä (
alä baüjlihä) to sit on the eggs
(hen) II to soften, mellow (* the voice) to
£j ru££ roc, name of a fabulous giant
;

apocopate (* a word); to tue with marble

bird; (pl. ^U-j rilfäk, Üotj n*»ia) rook,
(* the floor)
oastle (chesfl)
rakam (coli.; n. un. •) Egyptian
£Uj ra£ä$ Boft (ground); comfort- f-j
vulture (Neophron percnopterus zool.) ;
able, pleasant, easy (life)

pU-j rukäm marble

,j*±j rakupa u (rufo) to be cheap, inex-
pensiTe; (i-»U-j
i»U-j rukäma pl. -ät marble slab
rakäfia) to be supple,
tender, soft II to permit, allow (J s.o. mkim
(r»-j soft, mellow, pleasant, me-
V or J s.th.); to authorize, lioense (J lodious (voice); O note lowered by a
s.o., (-* or j to do a.th.); to empower (J semitone, flat (mus.)
 ;

333

<J-J tarkim shortening, apooopation, mitigation, letup; ease, relaxedness; re-

esp. of a name in the vooative by elision laxation; limpness; languor, lassitude

of the final consonant (gram.)
»U-jL-1 istirkä* = »IJCji irti&ä*

{jj-j and ,j-j) j£-j rakuwa u and ^j rakiya £\j räkin sagging, drooping
a (»jU-j rakätoa, »l*-j rakä') to be or be-
^IjU mutaräjcin limp, flaccid, flabby;
come loose, Black, relaxed; to slacken,

slump, aag, relax; — l»-j rakä u (»l»-j

drooping; languid; negligent, indolent,
slack
rakä*): <i±t U-j (*aiSuhü) to live in easy
circumstances, live in opulence IV to ij radda u (radd) to send back; to bring
loosen, slacken (* s.th.) ; to relax (* s.th.) back, take back (Jl *, • s.o., s.th. to); to
to let go (* s.th.); to lower, drop, let return (Jl * s.th. to its place), put back,
down (* s.th.) VI to slacken, sag, droop, lay back (Jl * s.th. in its place); to throw
become limp; to show little energy or back, repel, drive back, drive away (•
zeal, let up, become lax, be remiss (je- s.o.); to resist, oppose (» s.o.); to turn
in s.th.); to go down, ßlump (prices); to down, refuse, decline (* s.th., e.g., the
lag, become dull or iistless (stock market); fulfülment of a wiah) ; to ward off, parry,
to diminißh, flag, wane, ebb, decreaae; to repel (l*^ hujüman an attack); to re-
desist (je from); to be lowered, drop, ject (**-r tuhmatan a suspicion) ; to hand
füll (curtain); to be delayed, be retarded back, give back, return, reBtore (* s.th.,
VIII to alacken, slump, sag, droop, be- to s.o.); to retum (*~&J\ as-saläma
Jl
come limp, flaccid, flabby; to become the greeting); to reply ( J* to s.o.), answer
looso, work loose; to soften, become soft; light); to throw
(J* s.o.); to reflect (*
to relax, become relaxed, unbend; to back, echo (* the voice); to refute, dis-
abate, let up; to languiflh, flag, lose forco prove (Jp s.th.); to hold back, keep,
or vigor X= VIII restrain (je- » s.o. from s.th.); to disauade
(je « s.o. from), prevail upon s.o. (*) not
j^-j rakw, rihw loose, slack ; limp,
indolent, languid; Boft; to do B.th. (je); to trace back, attribute
flabby, flaccid;
supple (Ji * s.th. to an origin); to bring, yield

(
J* * B.th. to s.o.) ; to reappoint, reinstate
»U-j rakä' ease, comfort, happiness; häkiman as gover-
(e s b.o. as, e.g., iTl*.
prosperity; abundance, opulence (of liv-
i_jUI jj to close the door; blj»- Jj
nor) j

ing); welfare; fairncss, lowness (of prices) dLU

(jawäban) to answer; li-i li* jy_ L.

»U-j ruka gentle breeze this won't help you at all; i/ ^ (yu*
raddu) irrefutable ; a—J1p J* oj ('aq*
'"j^-j rakäwa softness; flaccidity, limp-
baihi) pl. ^UUl Jp fij (a'qäbihim) to
ness; laxity jjjJI SjU-j r. al-'üd weaknoss
|

drive s.o. back to where he came from;

of character
<c* aLj. ij ('ainahü) he averted his eyes

^j-j rakly feeble, weakened, languid; from it II to keep away, avert, prevent,
relaxed, at ease; cozy, comfortable stave off (* s.th.); to repel, throw back
(*, » s.o., s.th.); to repeat (constantly,
r\J taräkin limpness; slackness; Ian-
frequently); to break forth, burst (*
guor, lasaitude; abatement, mitigation,
into, e.g., into singing), strike up, intone,
letup; relaxation; loosening, looseness
let ring out (* a tune, or the like) j-lJI |
aj
•lj£jl irtika loosening, slackening; (fadä) to return the echo; j _^»J! «j
looseness, slackness; laxity; abatement. (nazara) to look at s.th. again and again;
 334

0;iüj* üj (farfahü) to let one's eyeB jjl aradd 2 more useful, more profit-
wander between, look first at one, then able (J* to 8.0.)
at the other V to be thrown back, be
ijA maradd fact to which s.th. is at-
reflected (voice, echo) ; to ring out (shouts)
tributable, underlying factor or reason;
to shift repeatedly (wind); to come and
averting, rejeetion, repulsion; responsory
go (J* at s.o.'s house; rarely Jl), fre-
quent, visit frequently
(Chr.) |
*} }j* V (maradda) irresistible;
(J* s.o.'b house,
Jl »*j* (maradduhü) it is attributable
a place; rarely Jl); to return, recur; to
to . .
. , one must ascribe it to . . . ; i _. V
hesitate, be reluctant (j in s.th., to do
c*[/ VI *J (Tiiaradda, barä'attthü) it can
waver, become uncertain, be-
s.th.); to
ouly be attributed to his efficiency; uS"
come doubtful (J in s.th. or as to s.th.)
|
<JU ij* J* (maraddi lisänihi) to be con-
i^JVI J* w; (alsina) to be frequently
stantly on s.o.'s lips, be a standing
discussed (question) VIII to withdraw,
phrase with s.o.
retreat, fall back; to move backward,
retrogresa; to go back, return, revert (Jl jljy tardäd frequent repetition; fre-

to); to fall back (Jl on); to go away, ab- quentation

sent o.s. ; to desist, refrain (je from), Ojj^ tardid repetition, reiteration
renounce, give up, abandon, quit, leave
jj j taraddud frequent Coming and
(je s.th.); to forsake, deaert (je one's
going, frequentation ; frequency (el.);
faith, one's principles, etc.), apoatatize,
hesitation, irresolution, indecision, waver-
fall off (je from) *J1» J* .tfjl ('aqbaihi),
|

ing; reluctance
pl.
^ Uc Je jjjj (a'qäbihim) to withdraw,
I ! I

tum back X to reclaim, demand back, jIjJj! iriidäd retreat, withdrawal; ret-
call in (a s.th.), demand the return (* of rogression ; renunciation, desertion ; apoa-
s.th.); to bring back, lead back (Jl • s.o. tasy (^Vl {f from Islam) |
Ö^Jl jlojjlT
to); to get back (* s.th.); to retrieve, re- ka-rtidädi f-farf in the twinkling of an
cover, regain (* s.th.); to withdraw (e.g., eye, in a j'UFy
•Aj yadahü one's hand; also fig., e.g.,
jlij^l istirdad reclamation, claim of
*^lii-l istiqälaiahü one's resignation) ; to
restitution, vindication (Isl. Law) ; re-
withdraw, take out (* money, from an
covery, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal;
aecount, from a bank) *-LiJl i_^J (an*
|
refundment, reimbursement; withdrawal,
fämhü) to catoh one's breath
taking out (of money, from an acoount)
jj radd pl. jjij rudüd return; restora-
Jjij- mardüd yield, return(s)
tion, restitution; refund, reimbursement
repayment, requital; repulsion; warding 4^* murtadd turncoat, renegade, apos-

off, parrying; denial, refusal; rejeetion; täte

reply, anewer; reflection (e.g., of light);

Mjj radda a (rad*) to support, prop, shore
refutation; attribution (Jl to) |J*ÄJl ij r.
up (* a wall)
al-fi'l reaction; jtieVI jj rehabilitation
Ijj (raddan) in reply to
oj ritT pl. »Ijjl ard(? support; help,
J» ...; ijj -U-l
helper
see .Ul akd

oj radda ugliness; reverberation, echo; »jjj radu'a u (SJjj radtfa) to be bad V to

bran become bad, be epoiled
•jj ridda apostasy (>">L-V1 from radV pl. »Ljjl ardiyäP* bad;
J*> »t^jj
Islam) mean, baae, vile; evil, wicked; vicious,
 335 &J
malicious |
S>,.,Jl *^j r. aa-sum'a of Ul <J>bj ridäj croup, rump (of an animal)
repute
<J*i*j radij rear man, one following
Ujl ardcC 2 worse; more wicked next in Une; redif, reserve (in the army
»*\}j radä'a badness; wickedness; vi- of the former Turkish Empire)

ciousnesa, maliciousness Üjij radifa fem. of <Juij

i_jj;l irdabb (now commonly pronounced tjily taräduf succesflion; synonymity

ardabb) pl. t-oljl arädib 2 ardeb, a dry
öilj* murädif synonym (of a word);
measure (Ey.; = 1981)
synonymous, conaignificant (J with); oor-
*ojl irdabba cesepool responding in meaning, analogous

pij radah long period of time j»aJl l*-.ij ijjl jm mutarädif synonymous; oli.il jm
| ,y
radaAan mtn ad-dahr for a long time Synonyms

^ij rodtwa i u (riwij) to cruah (* fl.th.); to (•jj radama i u (radm) to fill up with earth (*

roll smooth, level by rolling (* ground) pit, pond) II to repair, fix, mend IV not
to leave (J* s.o.), cling (J* to s.o.;
f.jj rada'a a (rad') to keep, prevent (j& » s.o.
said of disease) V to be mended, be re-
from) VIII to be kept, be prevented (je.
paired; to repair, mend (* s.th.); to be
from)
wom, show signs of wear
fi!j röd»' detening; (pl. f^ljj rauwd»' 8 )
jj radm Alling up (of swamps, ponds,
deterrent; impediment, obstacle, handi- f
etc.); nibble, debris; dam
cap; refltriction, limitation, curb, check;
Inhibition (psych.) (Oj radim wom, shabby, threadbare
(garment)
«ijj radga, radaga mud, mire, alush
üjj radana i (radn) to spin; to purr (cat);
ijjj radaja u (radf) and radifa a to come
to grumble (J* at)
next, come immediately after s.o. or
B.th. (*, •), follow, succeed (» s.o., * a.th.)
üjj rudn pl. ülijl ardän Bleeve

III to ride behind s.o. (», on the same Jjjj rudaint spear (originally epithet
animal); to be the Substitute (» of b.o.), for one of superior quaüty)
replace (<> s.o., * s.th.); to be synonymous
üij* mirdan pl. os\j* marädin 1 Bpindle
(* with) IV to seat (• s.o.) behind one
(on an animal); to make (* s.th.) be <Zjj£-*j (Fr. redingote) redengöt frock coat,
followed (i_> by B.th. eise) ; to complement, Prince Albert
complete (i_j * B.th. with or by) VI to
i*^j radha hall; large room, sitting room,
follow one another, come in suocession;
parlor; lobby; entrance hall, vestibule
to pile up in layers, become stratified; |

to form a Single Une; to flock, throng

J Lii- V I ** Jj reception hall, drawing
room, parlor cA^i U£l **.ij r. al-muhä*
(J* to); to be synonymous
darät lecture room
tjij ridj pl. tjljjl ardäf man
rear
(riding on the same animal) ; one who or gij radiya a (^jj radan) to perish, be de-
that which is subsequent, followe, comes stroyed II to bring to the ground (• b.o.),

next; posteriors, backside, rump; haunoh- bring about the fall of (») IV to bring to
es, oroup (of an animal); dual: o\i*J\ the ground (• s.o.), bring about the fall

ar-ridfän day and night of (•); to destroy, ruin (« s.o.); to feil

 ;

&J 336

s
(» s.o.); to kill {• s.o.) j^UJ.Ijjl (qatilan) jj razza u (razz) to insert, drive in (* B.th.)

to feil s.o. with a deadly blow T to fall» II to buraish, polish (* s.th.) IV to tele-

tumble; to decline, fall off, come down, phone

go from bad to worse; to deteriorate,
•jj razza pl. -ät staple, U bolt; ring
become worse; to clothe o.s. (i-* with),
screw; Joint pin
put on (l-> a garment) VIII to put on
(* a garment or headgear); to wear (* O _>jj' irzist telephone

a garment, a headgear), be clothed, be

Ijj razaa a (»jj raz'} to deprive (<j or * • s.o.
clad (* in) |
<—j"A* tfJjjl {maldbisahü) to
of s.th.); pass. jjj ruzi'a to incur or
put on one's clothes, dresa, get dressed
suffer loss; to lose (<-« s.th.); to be af-

jjj radan ruin, destruction flicted ( v by)

#ljy ridä' pl. 40jl ardiya loose outer »jj ruz' pl. »Ijjl arzS heavy loss,

garment, cloak, robe (lady 's) dress, gown ; serious damage; disaster, calamity

attire, costume |
»LJ.I *\ij r. al-masä'
Äijjj razi'a and 3jJj razlya pl. Lljj
evening gown
razäyä heavy loss, serious damage; dis-

jJU muiaraddin dressed aster, calamity

jj radda u: *\J\ oij (samä*) and IV there l-jJj razaba u (razb) to keep, stick, cling
was a drizzle, it drizzled
(*to)
jljj radüd drizzle mirzabba 1
~<ujj* pl. vj!/* maräzib' iron
rod
Jjj radila a and radula u (SJlij radäla) to be
low, base, vile, despicable, contemptible L-jlj^ mirzäb pl. vH-iL^ maräzib 2 water-
— radäla u (radl) to reject, cast off, dis- spout, gargoyle; (roof) gutter
card, repudiate, disown (*, » s.o., s.th.);
r Jj razaha a ruzäh, razäh)
ry jj ruzüh,
( ^-ijj
to despise, disdain, scorn (*, s.o.» s.th.);

to disapprove (*, IV to reject, cast

to auccumb, collapse, sink to the ground
« of)

off, discard, repudiate, disown {*, » s.o.,

(under a bürden); to descend, hover (e.g.,

silence) III to suffer

s.th.) X to regard aa low or despicable
(*, • s.o., s.th.)
9jjA murzig muddy, boggy, miry
J jj radl rejection ; repudation ; (pl.

Jjij rudül, Jlijl ardäl) low, base, mean,

jjj razaqa u to provide with the means of
subsißtence (» s.o.; said of God); to
vile, despicable, contemptible
bestow (* * upon s.o. s.th., material or
2
J>jj radll pl. »Vij rudalä* low, base, spiritual possessions; said of God), endow
mean, vile, despicable, contemptible, de- (* « s.o. with); to bless (* » s.o. with,
praved esp. lj_>J_j* with a child); — pass. ruziqa

3Jlij radäla lowness, baseness, mean- to be endowed (* with); to live VIII to

ness, vileness, depravity make a living, gain one's livelihood; to

live ((> on or by s.th.) X to seek one's
iLij radila pl. JJlSj radä'Hl vice; de-
livelihood; to ask for the means of sub-
pravity
sistence
Jji^. mardyX depraved, despicable,
wicked ÖJj rizq pl. öljjl arzäq livelihood,
mean, base, vile, evil,
means of living, subsistence daily bread, ;

*jj ruzz (= jjl aruzz) rice nourishment, sustenance; boon, blessing

 -

337
-T->

(of God); property, possessions, wealth, •~*j*j ruaüb sediment, deposit; lees,

fortune; income; pay, wages j

iülj Jljjl dregs, settlings; preoipitate (ehem.); fail*

dry rations, emergenoy rationa (mil.) uro (in an examination)

Jlj^l ar-razxäq the Maintainer, the <_-±-y taraib Sedimentation; preoipi-

Provider (one of the 99 atthbutes of tation (ehem.)

God) «_—lj röaib pl. c-^ljj rawäsib* Sedi-

Jljjwl i&tirzäq independent livelihood, ment, deposit; dregs, lees, settlings; pre-

self-support oipitate (ehem.); residue

3jjj* marzüq blessed (by God), for- rustdmlya oassock (of a priest)
V^-J
tunate, prosperous, succeaaful
Ji-j raataqa to tidy, arrange well, put in
3jj* murtaziq hired, hireling, merce-
order (* s.th.)
nary, kept

_j=-j, y^jj (It. arrosto) rostö roast meat

**jj* murtaztqa kept peisons, hangers-
on; mercenariea {Fr. restaurant) reMorän restaurant
übj—*j
ö'Sj* muriazaq means of Bubsistence,
p*-j» maraah (= t-j~~>) pl. r^j* marüsih*
livelihood, living
theater, playhouse; stage; party, social

(•jj raxama i u (nun) to bündle, bale, paok, gathering

wrap up (* s.th.)
^j» mareahi social, party (used at-

**jj rizma pl. *jj rizam bündle; bale, tributively); formal (dress)

pack; paroel, package; ream (of paper)

a-j rasaka u (ryj ruaük) to be firmly

(Üljj razäna) to be established, be deeply rooted (j in s.th.);

ojj razuna v. grave,
serious, sedate, staid, calm, composed, to be firm, solid, stable ; to be oonversant,

self-possessed V to display grave or be thoroughly familiär (j with s.th.), be

sedate mannera, show o.e. calm, com- well veraed, be at home (j in s.th., in

posed, self-possessed a field); to seep in; to permeate (j a

fabric); to become fast (color or dyea in
C/Jj razln grave, Berious, sedate, staid; a fabric) II and IT to make (* s.th.) take
composed, oalm, self-possessed
root(s), establish (* s.th.); to implant
Äjljj razäna gravity, sedateness, staid (* s.th.); to secure, make fast, fix firmly,

ness ; composure, Belf-possession, poise ground (* s.th.) |

<uJ> j »^1 iyj\ ($ih*
nihi) to impress or inculcate s.th. upon b.o.
liUjj ruznäma see i-ljjjj
i~>j\ arsak? more firmly established,
<ijj pl. Ujj see i^Jj more deeply rooted |
L*-l* iyj\ (qadaman)
do.
l>r
*-j ratüa covered with verdigris
iy\j räsifr firmly established, deep-
<_^j rosoba u (<-j_>-j ruaüb) to sink to the
rooted; grounded, firmly fixed, stable;
bottom, Bettle, subside (esp., in water);
conversant (j with s.th.), thoroughly
to fail, flunk (in an examination) II to
veraed, completely at home J (
in a field)
cause to settle (* s.th., in a liquid), de-

posit (* a sediment); to preoipitate (* cr

-'
J--j tiarä* (eg.) glue, adhesive, speoif.,
s.th.; ehem.) T to settle, subside, be de- one for pasting leather, made of a yellow
posited; to preoipitate (ehem.) powder
 ;; !)

338

i-j ruag pl. j-L-jl <w*5& i-jl ar«u£ wrist J-j rial moderation | ! *ilLj
Jp slowly
gently! take it easy!
i_i-j rasafa u t to go in shackles ; to be bound
J—y rtuil pl. »^-j ru&altf 2 messenger;
to be moored (sbip)
runner (mÜ.)

J-j raMla a (rasal) to be long and flowing

Jj--j rasül pl. J-j rund messenger;
(hair) III to oorrespond, oany on a
emissary; envoy, delegate; apostle (Chr.);
correspondence, exchange letters (* with
Jj--jJI or tili Jj--j the Messenger of God
s.o.); to contact (» s.o.), get in touch (•
(i.e., Mohammed)
with s.o.) IV to send out, dispatoh (<_j ot
*, • s.o.» s.th. Jl, also J, to); to send off, Jj^j rasüli apostolic, papal (Chr.) \

send away (l-> or *, * s.o., s.th. Jl, also J,

SJj^J! 15^01 (baraka) apostolio benedio-

to); to send, forward, ahip (l-p or * s.th. tion; «Jj-^l ••LJl (sudda) the Holy See;
to send, transmit (radio); Jj-y -u#lJ apostolio delegate
Jl, also J, to);

to rele&se, let go (* s.th.); to set free ÄJL-j riaäla pl. -ät, JJL-j raaä'iP con-
(* s.th.); to discharge (* s.th.); to pour
signment, ehipment; mail item; (written)
forth, vent {* s.th.), give vent (a to); to
communication, (written) report; missive;
uttei (* words); to shed (* tears); to let
letter, note; epistle; dispatoh; message;
(a the hair) hang down, let it fall
(
J* on) |
treatise; radio message; (pl. -ät) mission,
«Jl» j J-jl (falabihi) to send for s.o.;
calling, vooation | ~<Sj *JUj (barqiya)
VUjI f^Jl ,)-jl (al-kaläma irsälan) to
telegram ; *-• \j* iJ L-j (farämiya) love
speak without restraint, talk freely
letter; 1U»_. ÄJLj (musajjala) registered
1
r*r.,l- ** <_ij J-jl (nafaahü) to yield to
letter
one's natural impulse, do the natural
make O^L-j ruaailö*: *J^-*j
Jp ^J-'i Jll (&»*
thing; <u& J* *L*j\ (sajiyatihi) to
6ara) he didn't take the matter seri-
a.o. feel at home; l^f Jp *-iJ J— jl
ously
(nafsahü) to feel at home, let o.s. go

Y to proceed leisurely, take one's time O JL-j* mtrfföZ: jji JL-j- m. nur pl.

(
j in s.th.) ; to hang down, be long and -ät searohlight
flowing (hair) VI to keep up a oorres-
~*L*\j* muräsala exchange of letters*
pondence, exohange letters; to send to
correspondence; note, message, letter*
one another, exchange (i~> s.th.) X to aBk
oommunication; orderly (mü.)
(^. b.o.) to send (* s.th.), have s.o. (^-)
send (* s.th.); to be relaxed, at ease, JUjI irsäl sending, forwarding, ship-

free fiom restraint; to be long and flow- ping, dispatoh

ing (hair) ; to be friendly, affable, intimate, SJUjl irsäliya pl. -ät consigruuent;
chummy (Jl with s.o.); to act naturally, mail item; shipment; transport; (mil.)
without affectation; to let o.s. go; to expedition; mission
enlarge (ft^l j /i l-Jcaläm in discourse,

abandon
^*j tara38ul art of letter writing
i.e., to talk at length); to o.a.,

give o.s. up (jj to B.th., also ** or Jf); JU^wl istirsäl ease, naturalness, re-
to persist (j in s.th.), keep up <<j laxedness; abandon; elaboration, expa-
s.th.) tiation

J-j raal easy, gentle, leisurely (pace, J-1j- muräail pl. -ün correspondent, re-
gait) ; loose, slack, relaxed; long and porter (of a newspaper) \jj>~ ^~\j* (harbl) J

flowing (hair) war correspondent ; ^ U- ^j» {h&99

 ;

330
rj
apeoial oorrespondent; ^bj J-Ij* (H*
fj raam drawing (o.g., as a subject in
y&dl) sporta reporter sohool); — (pl. (j*j ruaüm, oU^-j ru*
eümüt) a drawing; aketoh; graph; pio-
J~s* murn'Z sender (of a letter); con-
ture; photograph; illustration ; pattern
signor; O transmitter (radio)
(e.g., on a fabrio); — (pl. *j-»j) trace, im-
O *Uj* murnla pl. -ät transmitter pression; designation, mark; inscription,
{radio) legend; reoord, notes; (offioial) document,
(legal) Instrument; writing; design; pre
J-p. murdoi sent, forwarded; dis-
scription.regulation; ceremony, form, for
patched; delegated; transmitted (radio);
mality; rate, fee, tax, due ^^ bi-rosmi
long and flowing (hair); (pl. -ün) mission- |

intended for, care of (c/o), for; -Ul

ary {Chr.); inoompletely transmitted (of fj\
okd ar-r. taking of a picture; JLj ,-j
a Prophetio tradition resting on a ohain
(bayäni) illustrative figure, diagram (in a
of authorities that goea no further back
than the 2nd generation after the Proph-
book); Jy-oll -*j admission fee; Jyo -*j

et) dl ^»ja recipient, addressee (of

(duküK) import duty, tariff; ^-A -*j
|

(SamH) photograph
a letter); consignee; J-_^ t*$> (kaläm)
; ijyf"
fj layout,
ground plan (arch.);
J-**j ^j detail
prose
drawing ; ^1* -*j (qaÜn) cardiogram
3JL-r* mursaliya misaion
<)4J j*j-j (qaidlya) registration fees;

J-A-* muetarail loose, flowing (hair); ^UVf fj

(qlm\)
r. al-intäj excise tax;

ad valorem duty; Jj»

^ -j
friendly, affable; intimate, chummy; de- ^-j (hazli)
voted, given np ( j or » to s.th.) caricature, cartoon

-*j rasama u {raam) to draw, traoe (* s.th.);

^jO rasmi offioial, formal, conven-
tional; ceremonial; offioial, offlceholder,
to sketch (* s.th.); to describe (* e.g.,
publio servant; Lr*j rasmiyan offlcially;
a circle); to paint (* s.th.); to reoord, put
down in writing (* s.th.); to enter, mark,
oLo rasmiyät formalities; oeremonies,
ceremonial, „ritual; rules, regulations
indicate (* s.th.); to sketch, outline {* |

s.th.; flg.); to describe, depict, portray, VO JVj officials; J-O ^r*^* offioial

dress; oourt dress; *~fj »_jLj uniforms;

picture (* s.th.); to make, work out, oon-
ceive {&»- fciftatan a plan); to prescribe
^yfj 4*i Sibhu r. and jfJU <s^- semi-
official; y^ .JuaJ nisfu r. do.; ^fj ji>
(t_> or * J to s.o. s.th.), lay down as a rule t
)

gairu r. unoffioial
(<-* or a J for s.o. s.th.); to ordain (• a
priest; Chr.) |
oJ^JI !jLS -*j to make the aLj rassäm pl. -ün draftsman; painter,
sign of the cross, cross o.s. {Chr.) II to artist
enter, mark, indicate {* s.th., j in); to
i*Uj risäma, rasäma Ordination, con-
appoint to a public office (6 s.o.; tun.)
secration (of a priest; Chr.)
V to follow (* s.th., esp. s.o.'s footsteps,

an example, etc.); to be appointed to -*jj rausam pl. *-'jj raieöawn' O cu"-

a public office (tun.) VIII to come out, ohe (£yr.)
find visible expression; to be traced, en-
-*j* marsam studio (of an artist)
graved, inscribed, written; to impress it-

self, leave an Impression (J*.

on); to be p>\jA maräsim 2 oeremonies, ceremonial,
ordained, be introduced into the office ritual; etiquette, protocol (dipl.); cus-
of the ministry (priest; Chr.); to make the toms; principles; regulations |
SjUI ^o.
sign of the cross (Chr.) --l^il mudir idärat al-m. and *->l_^.l
o^ßj
 340
rj
chief of protocol (dipl.); £„>=JI cor- pl. oL-*lj räsiyüt, ^\jj ratoäsin towering,
f\j»
onation ceremonies; olijj-illl ^.\j» court unahakable mountains
etiquette
^*j (= Uj see above) to anchor
taraseum design, planniiig
fj raUa u spurt
aLJjI irtiaäm pl. -ö* (visible) ezpres-
^j (raSS) to spatter, Bplash,

(* a liquid); to spray (* a liquid); to

sion, manifestation (e.g., of a feeling, of
sprinkle (* s.th., <_> with, J* on); to
an emotion on B.o.'a faoe)
splatter, Bpatter, bespatter (* s.th., >~>

fy>j* marsüm drawn, traoed, sketched; with water, etc.); to water (* a.th.)

painted; recorded in writing, written;

designed, planned; deereed, ordered; — J.j rotf Bprinkling; watering;

splatter

ing, spattering; spraying; buckshot *>«L** j

(pl. mara&m*) deoree; act, edict;

f\j*
regulation, ordinanoe (<_> regarding); g*\j* if&\j J-J\ ma#lahat ar-r. taa-l-kana street-

cleaning department; ^J\ ü^p 'arabat

ceremonies, oeremonial, ritual; etiquette;
ar-r. watering cart, Sprinkler; Lij ^j to
regulations | jjJlÄ; *j*j* (bi-qänün) en-
fire in bürste (mü.)
actment, Statute, ordinanoe (Bg,); *>•>•
^iJS (taSrfl) and ^\J^\ ^j* (i&irtft; Üj raSia light drizzle

P<ü. t 8yr.) do.; £-1_A' j** mudlr al-m.

Jili-j raSäi spattered liquid; drizzle,
chief of protocol {dipl.)
dribble (esp. fig.)

G JU*j rasmäl pl. J^L-j rtuämiP = JU j\j ^Uj raSSäS pl. -ät water hose; machine
capital (fin.) gun jAJ>j ,«i-u (midfa') machine gun;
|

<yjl areun, jUjI arsän, i—<j\ ^Uj ^i— • {mtuaddas) pl. ÜUj oL-i—
j^j rasan pl.

arrina halter
submachine gun, Tommy gun

ra*5 to be firm, Btable,

üUj raiSäSa pl. -ö* perfume spray,
(j"j) Wj ** (roiu))

steady; to anchor (J* off a coast), cast

atomizer ; O watering oan ; shower,
douche (Mor.)
anchor, land, dock; to ride at anchor (Je
off a coast, j in a harbor); to disembark, O *£j» miraSSa watering can
land (i-j s.o.; ship); to come or go even-

tually (Je to), land (Je with) | «J* Uj »j raiaha a (raih) to sweat, perspire; to
leak, be leaky (vessel); to filter, strain,
*\ß.\ (mazädu) it was knooked down to
percolate (* a liquid) II to raise, rear,
him (at an auotion); i-Jllii «J* £~*j
bring up (• a cbild); to train, prepare
(munäqaaa) the commission or contraot
(• s.o.); to nominate, put up as a oan*
went to him (after an invitation to sub-
didate (• s.o., J for, o.g., for an office),
mit tenders) IT to make fast, fix firmly
(with *-£ naftahü) to be a candidate,
(a s.th.); to anchor, place at anchor (*
apply (J for an offioe, etc.); to filter (a
a ship)
s.th.) T to be reared, be brought up;
^jj. marsan pl. ^j* mamain anchor-
to be Buited, qualified, trained (J for
age | rjJ** ts*J* Mersa M&trüh (village in s.th.); to be nominated as a oandidate,
NW Egypt, on Mediteiranean coast) be a nominee (J for s.th.); to catch a cold
iL>j» miraoh pl. ^j* maräsin anchor
«j raih seoretion (of a fluid); Per-

^\j rätin pl. ^Ijj rawärin fixed, Bta- spiration, Bweating; leaking, leakiness;

tionary, immovable firm, steady, atable. ; filtering, filtration, percolation; oozing,

firmly established; anchored, at anchor; trickling ; cold, catarrh

 ;

341 jij

i*-lij ruSäha transudate, transudation the mind) | xZJ\ j-. sinn ar-r. majority,
{med.) füll legal age; »xij iL (ruSdahü) to come
nom- of age; «xij Jl -_jU to come to one's
t*~>J tarHh training, preparation;
a candidate, eleotion);
senses, calm down, aober up; »JjyfL* to
ination (as for
go out of one's mind; »x5/ i_-*j to drive
(= 4—Ü jfwij-") candidacy, candidature;
election; ooncession
s.o. mad (pain)

xlj raSad integrity of conduot, straight-

pij taraS&uh Infiltration (med.)
forwardnesa, forthrightneas
^Lijjl irtiSäh Infiltration (med.)
jLij raSäd integrity of conduet; reason,
~,j* muraJHh pl. -ät filter; perco- good sense, senses; maturity; garden
lator; filtering installation ;
purification peppergrass (Lepidium sativum L. ; bot.)
plant
x-ij raMd rightly guided, following
r^j* mura&iah pl. -ün candidate, nom- the right way; having the true faith;
inee; having a cold reasonable, rational, intelligent, dis-

»ju mutaraüüih pl. -ün candidate, criminating, disceming; mature; (pL

nominee .Ixij ruSadä**) of füll legal age, major;

Rosetta (city in N Egypt)
xij rasada u (ru£d) to be on the right way,
xil^. marä&id? where the right way
follow the right course, be well guided,
leads to; salvation
not go astray (eap., in religious mattera);
to have tho true faith, be a true believer; .ulj- tarltid a declaring (s.o.) of age

to become sensible, become mature, (JUT.)

grow up; to come of age II to lead the jUjI irSäd guidance; a condueting,
right way, guide well (* s.o.) IV to lead showing the way (Jl to); guiding hand;
tho right way, guide well (a s.o.); to care ; Spiritual guidance ; instruetion
load, guide, direct (J( « s.o. to B.th.), direction; directive; information; ad-
ahow (a s.o.) the way (Jl to; fig.); to vising, advice; pl. oljlijl directives, di-
lead s.o. (a) to the discovery that (ül Jl), rections, Instructions, advice |
«alijlj on
suggest to s.o. the idea of, make s.o. rea- his Instructions, following his direction;
lize that; to call s.o.'b (•) attention (Jl to lJjJi5\ itij^l »j'jj wizäTat al-i. al-qaumi
s.th.), point out (Jl » to s.o. s.th.); to Ministry of National Guidance <ßg.)
teach (Jl o s.o. to do s.th.), instruct, r
^jLiji j*J- §i r iriädi didactic poetry
direct, guido (Jl e, s.o. in); to inform (Jl »

with the j-llj räiid following the right way,

s.o. about), acquaint s.o. (o)

eounsel (Jl rightly guided, having the true faith;

Cacts of (Jl); to advise, » s.o.
sensible, reasonable; of füll legal age,
to do s.th.); to inform (Jl against s.o.);

to come of age X to ask (e or <_* s.o.) to major [

Üj-Lil^l »UUM {kutafa) the ortho-

show the right way, ask s.o. for guidance dox caliphs (i.e., Abu Bakr, 'Umar,

or directions; to ask (o s.o.) for In-

'Utmän, 'Ali)

structions or information; to conault -Lij- muräid pl. -ün leader; guide to the
(* s.o.), ask s.o.'s (•) advice, seek guidance right way; adviser; spiritual guide; in-

(» from s.o.); to be guided (<_* by) former; instruetor; (ship) pilot; tourist
guide; Grand Master, Master (e.g., of the
-lij ruid integrity of (one's) actions,
Moslem Brotherhood)
proper, sensible conduet; roason, good
sense, senses; consciouaneas; maturity (of ;xijj murSida woman guide
 ;; ;,

JTJ 342

pl. JljLij ro&irüi 8 belt ^j u

,Sj~j ruSruS rap$a (raft) to fit tightly together,

^ily^j rafrää tender (e.g., meat) press together, compress (a s.th.); to ram,
force (a ß.th. into the ground) ; to pile up,
._i£j raiafa i u {raif) and ra&ifa a (ra&af), staok up (a s.th.); to join together, line
V and VIII to suck, sip (* ß.th.); to drink up, align, arrange aide by aide (a s.th.)
(* a.th.); to drink up, drain {* a vessel) II to fit tightly together, press together,

üij rol/a (n. un.) pl. -ät gulp, aip (of compress (a s.th.); to ram home (a s.th.);

a drink) to ooat or cover with Iead (a s.th.)

VI to be pressed together, be paoked

J-tj raSäqa u (raSq) to throw (<-> » at s.o.
together; to press together, crowd togeth-
s.th.), pelt, strike, hurt (<_j • s.o. with
er; to be or become compact
s.th.); to insert, fasten, fix (J * s.th. in);
— TQ&uqa u (Ülij raSäqa) to be shapely, ^L^j rapäß lead; bullets |
,j*L#j i»

of graceful stature; to be elegant, grace- qcdam r. penoil

ful, lissome VI to pelt one another, hurt

5-^L»j rafäfa (n. un.) pellet; bullet
one another

J-jij raSiq elegant, graceful {exterior,

^L»j rapäfi lead, (made) of lead;
leady ; leaden, lead-colored, dull gray
style); svelte, slender, slim; lissome

iJ*T*j
ÖLij raSäqa elegance, grace, graceful - ra$ip compressed, oloeely packed

ness ; shapeliness, graceful, elender build jammed together; compact

nimblenesB, agility
Otr*l_r" taräfß agglutination

J-j raSama u (raSm) to mark, designate (*

X^j roftada u (raßd) to keep one's eyes
s.th.); to make the sign of the cross; to
(a, • on); to lie in wait (• for); to observe
seal (* s.th.) | J* «-—L-j Jj to make the
(a s.th.), watch (a s.th. or over s.th.),
sign of the cross over; *_—L*JI J-j to make
control (a s.th.); to conjure {a demon) J
the sign of the cross (Chr.)
lbül/1 x*j to observe the stars, practice
A) raSm pl. p-ij ruSüm, £jI-j-Sj rw astronomy II to provide, eet aside, ear-
Sümät sign of the cross (Chr.) anointment ;
mark (a funds); to prepare, keep ready
(Copt.-Ckr.) to balance
(a s.th.); (i_jI—J-l the account;
ir'j ra&ma ornamental halter deco- com.) IV to keep ready (a s.th.); to pro-
rated with silver pendants, or the like; vide, set aside, earmark (J a s.th., esp.
camel halter funds, for); to procura, get (a s.th.)

V ihAi^l x*J to observe the stars, prac-

^yilj räSin tip, baksheesh
tice astronomy
(j^j) Uj ra£ä u (ra&tu) to bribe (• s.o.) Till to
x**j rapd, ra$ad pl. jL»ji arpäd Ob-
accept a bribe, be corrupt, be venal
servation | ibülfl X^j r. al-aflälc star-
j-ij raSw bribery, oorruption gazing, astronomy; 'o_j»r ^'-fj' {jawwiya)
meteorological Observation; jL*j1/I j jjü
«j-tj rifova, ruSwa, ra&tva pl. ISj, ,jij
weather report
rilkm, ru&an, (eg.) /jjH>j raJäwi bribe;
bribery, corruption, dishonesty ~*j\>-x*»j rafdakäna observatory
»Lij ri&a rope, well rope
x*»j rapad pl. jL»jI ar$üd spy, watoher,
#LUj I irtiSä* venality, corruptibility watchdog ; lookout, Observation post
bribery, corruption ambush; talisman
 ;;

343 >»->

jL» ra?päd: ji-\ .iL») r. al-jaww meteor- rafifa pl. -dt woman oolleague |

ologlBt •1^1 Lii-^j (pamT) a phraae of oourtesy

arfida stock on used by one newBpaper when refer-

-i_,fj rajrid pl. »-U»ji
ring to another; approx.: our honorable
hand (of merchandise, of supplies)

avaible funds ; balance {com. ; also = friends

remainder of a sum to be paid later) ÜL»j raf&fa firmneas, compaetneaa

capital (fin.) |
Jl~*j üj4j dLi uncovered
Jtj^j* marpüf paved (._> with)
check, check without sufficient covering
funds u (^U»j to be finnT
j~*j rapuna rosöna)
x^j» marfiad pl. -Urlj- martyicP 6b- strong; to be sedate, calm, compoaed
servatory jj»- -U*j- (jauwi) meteorolog-
Cr-+j rapin firm, unshakable; sedate,
|

ical Station, weather Btation

calm, composed
O -1-+J»
mirpad telescope
«JL*j rasäna sedateneBs, oomposure,
jL*j- mirjwd Observation post, look- calmneaa, equanimity
out; ambuah |
jL^LL .JJj to lie in wait;

iLtjLL 4L» ülT and jL^LLi *J «Juj to lie ,jij radda u {radd) to crush (* B.th.); to

in ambush for b.o., waylay s.o. bruise (* a part of the body)

-U»lj rapid registering; (pl. ->L»j ruppäd) ,>j radd pl. ^j^j rudüd bruise,
~
watcher, watchdog, spy | O ••*-»b <-iJ'- contusion
cash rogister; O *-*'-> "j'j^ (mizön) self-
(J-l-^j ra^i^ crushed; bruised
registering balance

•J-*lj räpida: <SSi lU-^lj (falakiya) k-jLij ruiöA spittle, aaliva

telescope
~ij radaka a i {radk) to break, Bmash,
^-*»j- >i- mablag marpüd security, shatter (* B.th.); to crack (* a kernel);
cover (fin.) — radaka a {radk) to give (• s.o.) a amall,

u>j II to inlay, set, etud (* B.th., ._> with

paltry present; — (fj~*j rudüh) to yield,
bow, give in, subordinate o.a., Bubmit (J
gems or gold); to adorn, deoorate, Orna-
to s.o., to s.th.) VIII i^J £-iJjl (Jukno
ment (v * s -^h. with)
ton) to Bpeak Ärabio with a foreign ao-
tJfc-»j ra#afa u (rap/) to pave, lay with Btone oent
(* e.th.); — rafiufa u (ÜU»j rafäfa) to
~ij radk U*»j radka a amall, paltry
t

be firmly joined II to lay with flagstones,

gift
pave {* B.th.)
U^Jj radxka a small, paltry gift; tip,
t-Ä-*j rtyf paving (of roada)
baksheeah
Ja~*j rapif firmly joined, firm, Bolid,

compact; — (pl. *Ä-»jl ar$ifa) pavement;

r-j-^j ni<iiii: Submission, surrender;
yielding, compliance ; sympathetic under-
sidewalk; qnay; wharf, pier; mole, jetty;
standing (J of)
platform; (pl. »LU#j ru$afä**) oolleague |

*la*M i_'-.-i- j t. al-mahatfa (railway) plat- rU^ mir#ifc nutcracker

form j~J\ J
;
jii-1 Jl> V i-i--y (Zt'-a'mdZi l-

haJT (i l-bakr) offahore drilling platform ,j*s*j radrada to break into coarae pieoes,
pound, orush (* s.th.)
(for oil drilling); i_'v^ -ulj* 'at«5yi<i

ar-r. quayage, pierage, wharfage j^l^j radräd pebblea, gravel

 ;;

t>J 344

£+j ra4i'a a and ratfa'a i a [ra&, pUij sanotion (* s.th.) X to seek to satisfy,
ra4a, JpLJj rtufä'a) to suck (ol jjj iadyo try to conoiliate, treat in a conciliatory
ttmmt'Ai at its mother's breast) n and IY manner (• s.o.); to conoiliate, appease
to nuree at the breast, suokle, breast- feed to show
{• s.o.); o.s. obliging, make o.s.
(• a baby) populär, ingratiate o.s., try to gain good
will or favor
ftr*j ra4? pl- »l*-*j rvtfa'ä'* £»'L-ij

fa^ö'»' a Bückling, infant, baby; foster L*j riffan oontentment,

i$*j, contented-
b rother neas, satisfaction ; agreement, oonsent,
aasen t, acceptance, approval; pleasure,
O **L-ij ra4föa pl. -ö* nureing bottle
delight; good will, favor | ^j je readily,
f-L*j ri^kf foeter relationship &*dlyf is"J\ gs* oa«y to please, easüy
£-ilj rd#' pl. ^ij rwfäa' suoking; reconciled
suckling, Infant, baby; Infant (adj.)
^>j ra$\y pl. #L>jl ar^iyä' 9 satisfied,

£+j* murtff and *»*ij* murtfi'a pl. content; pleasant, agreeable | wj ,jJcj

f~i\j* marÖoV' wet nurse; foster mother (bi-nafs) gladly

ö'j^j rüjlwän consent, assent, agree-

Oj abbreviation of c* 41! ^>j, see ^j ment, acceptance, approval, sanction
U*j see ^>j riffan good will, favor; pleasure, delight

^0j ragiya a (^>j n#an, jlj^y ri^uön, iLij- •L*j« «wr^öÄ a means afförding sat-

martföÄ) to be satisfied, be content (*, isfaction or gratification; satisfaction,

pleasure
»_> or j with); to consent, agree (*, »_>

or j to); to approve (*, »_> or j of), ac- "<~*j tartfiya Batisfaction, gratification
cept, sanction (*, »_> or j s.th.) ; to accept compensation
the fact, resign o.s. to the fact (öl that) ; to
»L*j rvfö oontentment, contentedness,
be pleased J# or je with); to wish,
(*,
satisfaction; agreement, consent, assent,
desire (* s.th., J for s.o.) <_> *_iJ
^j |
acceptance, approval, sanotion ; propi-
{li-Ttafeihi) to permit o.s. a.th.; ^j U
tiation, conciliation
«Jül U (magaüata) he had no desire to
humiliate her; jl j\ ^j (au dbä) whether •Uiy.L bi-l-murätfäh by fair means,
he c* amicably
likes it or not; Zi\ ^j (IbI.

eulogy) may God be pleased with him; »L#jl ir$ä* satisfaction, gratification;
vIjVIj i«-idl J* ^j
{iyäb) to be content fulfillment (of a claim, of a desire) | ,_-*-*
to return without booty, be happy to
»U*jVl fa'b al-i, hard to please, fastidious
have saved one's akin II to satisfy, grati-
ij+\j tarS4%n mutual consent
fy, please (* s.o.); to compensate (• s.o.)

III to seek to satisfy, try to please {» s.o.); *Lij^-\ iatirtfä' conciliatory attitude,
to propitiate, conciliate, win (• s.o.), gain conciliatoriness; propitiation, conciliation
the good will of (•) IV to satisfy, gratify,
ijLJjwl istirtjtft conciliatory
please (» s.o.) V to seek to satisfy, try
to please (• s.o.); to seek to propitiate ^\j rä4%n pl. ;L»j rutfäh satisfied,

to conciliate, content; agreeing, consenting; willing,

(• s.o.); appease (• s.o.)

TI to come to terms VIII to be ready; pleasant, agreeable (life)

satisfied,
content, pleased (* with); to consent,
ij0j* mw$in satisfactory; satisfying;
agree (* to s.th.) ; to approve (* of s.th.), pleasant. pleasing, gratifying; sufflcient
 ;

u*J

,_J»j rafiba a and rafuba u (*j_>Lj rutüba, ÄjU»j i^j ra'aba a (ru'b) to be alarmed, terrined;

rafäba) to be moist, damp, humid; to be to be afraid, be scared n and IT to

wet n to moisten (* s.th.); to cool, re- frighten, scare, terrify (• s.o.) VIII to be-

fresh; to soothe, soften, oalm (i-üll oi- come frightened, beoome alarmed, be
gatöa the heart); to become succulent, afraid

mellow, ripen (datee) IV to moisten (* i_jtj ru'b fright, alarm, dismay

s.th.); to beoome Bucoulent, mellow,
V to be moistened; to be «-"Ujl ir'äb frightening, intimidation
ripen (datea)
oooled, be refreahed; to be soothed, be i^lj rä'ib dreadful, horrifying, terrible
Boftened, be oalmed
<-*j*j* mar'tib frightened, terrined, ap-
<_^j raflt moist, damp, humid; wet; palled, afraid
fresh, oool ; juioy, suooulent, tender (plant)
i~*j» mur'ib frightening, terrifying,
4_i>j rufab (coli.; n. un. •) pl. ^U»jl
terrible, horrible, dreadful
arfäb, «-»U*-> rifäb fresh, ripe dates
0*j raada a u (ra'd) to thunder; to appall
<_-I»j rafib pl. v^J r *fä> moist, damp,
(<_j J s.o. with) IT to make (» s.o.) tremble;
humid; fresh, cool; juicy, succulent,
pass. ur'ida to shudder, shiver, tremble
tender (plant)
(j- with, e.g., with fear) VIII to tremble
<tj»j rufüba moisture, dampness, hu-
0*j ra'd pl. jjcj ru'üd thunder
midity; wetness
»J*j ra'da, ri'da tremor shudder
t-itlj räfib moist, damp, humid; wet ;

shiver
oLUj- muraftibät refreshments, soft

drinks
iUj ra"äd (coli.; n. un. !) electric ray
(zooi.)

JUj rafl pl. Jl^jl ariäl rotl, a weight (inEg.

0j0*j ri'did pl. -bjUj ra'ädüP oowardly;
= 449.28 g; in Syr. = 3.202 kg, in Beirut
coward
and Aleppo = 2.566 kg)
fjtj ro'ra'a to come into the prime of life
J»j rafama u (rafm) to involve, implicate,
(youth) II tara'ra'a to grow, develop,
drag ( j • s.o. into s.th. unpleasant) VIII to
flourish, thrive
tumble, fall, plunge {j into); to stick
2
fast, be stuck; to be involved, be en- fjt,j ro* ra*, ru'ru* pl. £jl*j ra'äri' in

tangled (j in s.th.); to run aground, füll bloom

Strand (ship); to bump, hit, crash (l-j *
ra r** °yy«ö (eg.) a variety of
V_>d' £}j*J
against) fleabane (Pulicaria arabica Coss., Puli-

O ^j» TnaTfam breakwater, mole, jetty caria inuloides D. C; ftot.)

r
speak ^jttj ra'aSa a {ra &) and ra'tia a (ra'aS) to
$»j Tafina u (iJÜ»j rafäna, rifäna) to

unintelligible language, talk gibberish, tremble, shakelVto make (* s.o.) tremble;

jabber to make (• s.o.) Bhiver VIII = ra'aSa

<>U»j rafäna, rifäna lingo, gibberish il*j ri'Sa tremor | ^J-\

*-1pj r. al-

hummä feverish shiver

J-L»j ruiainä lingo, gibberish
^Iwjl irii'Öi tremor, trembling
scum, ragtag;
f\*j ra'ä' rabble, mob,
riffraff,

rowdies, Hooligans ^mt-j V and VIII to writhe, wind, coü

 ; ;

346

tjtfj ro'o/a u a and ra'ifa a: aJü\ «Juy (an* conaideration (> s.th.), allow (* for s.th.)
fvXü) to have a noeebleed III to euperviae, watch, control (* s.th.),

keep an eye (* on); to maintain, keep

JiUj ru'äf and tJu*j ra'»/ noeebleed
up, preserve (* B.th.); to observe, bear in
Jwlj r<T»/ tip of the nose mind, heed, respect (* s.th.), comply
(a with, e.g., with regulations) ; to take
*Uj n*'/a wreath
into oonsideration, take into acoount
J-*j ro'i/ pl. Jl*j ri'dJ squadron of (* s.th.), allow, make allowance (* for
annored, motorized, or cavalry troope show
s.th.); to deferenoe, regard or re-
(8yr., Ir.\ mit.)
spect (• for s.o.); to make provision, Bee
to it (ül that) *>U ^Ij (gdgiroAti) to
fUj ru'dm glandera
|

defer to s.o., respect s.o.'s feelinga or

>j ra'anuw Ramses (name of Eg. kings) wiahea IY yjf *^*jl l
ar'atiuhü aam'l I
listened to him; »iJLr- JpjI ar'ini aam'aka
j»j ru'üna u (Xjej ru'üna) to be lightheaded, listen to me! * ^jl
»Jii (no?araAü) to
frivolous ; — ra'ana u (ro'n) : ,^-JJi <^*j
follow B.th. attentively with one's eyes
ra'anoMu £-Sams to have a sunstroke
VIII to graze, pasture (oattle) X to at-
j»j ro'n Bunstroke; — (pl. ül*j ri* tract (*J£ nazarahü s.o.'s eyes, **Lü I inti*

*<Sn) mountain peak bähaKü a.o.'s attention); to observe (*

s.th.)
j*jl or'on* lightheaded, frivoloua, flip-

pant, raah, heedless, careless ; stupid, silly ra 'y oare, keeping, custody, guard-
i/-j
thoughtleas; unsteady, fickle, volatüe ianship; protection; observance (J of),
adherence <J to, e.g., to agreement*))
Ü_j*j ru'üna pl. -ät levity, frivolity,

flippancy; thoughtle
ill L*j God be with you!

i-ej ro'iyo pl. UUj ra'äyä herd, flock;

(jfij) Uj ro'd u (ro'w, Ijfij ra'wa, ru'wa, tSjf-j
pariah (Chr.); subjecta, Citizens; a sub-
ra'wä, ru'icö) and IX jjcjl ir'awä to
ject, a Citizen
deaist (,yoT jt- from sin, from error), re-

pent, Bee the light j

«-£ j*- ifjtjl (^oyyiAi) iSj*j ra'aun, <Sj\*j ro'öun and jUj
to repent, turn over a new leaf ra*ä*\ pastoral, bucolic | «j_>*j i—jj" parish
church (Chr.); LJLcj «JUj pastoral letter
iSy-J ra'wa, ru'wä repentance, amend-
(Chr.)
ment, converBion
*ijfij ra'awiya citizenship, nationality
iSj*j ra'aw and *u*j see ^j-j

ij-j» mar' an pl. f\j+ marä'in grasslaud,

^j ra'ä a {ro'y, iUj ri'äya, ^^ mar' an)
to graze ; to tend (* a flock of animals) ;
— grazing land; pasture

(ro'y, «jUj rt'dya) to guard, protect, <»l*j ri'äya keeping, custody, Charge,
take under one's wing (• b.o.); to care care; attention, conBideration, regard;
(>, » for), take care (*, * of); to watch patronage, auspices, sponsorship, pro-
(«over); to male a poiüt («of s.th.), make tectorate | IjUj c-^ under the auspices of,
it one't business; to observe, bear in sponsored by; JiUI «jUj jS^- markaz r. af-
mind, heed, respect (* s.th.); to adhere fifi health center for children (Eg.)

(* to), oomply (* with), abide (e.g., \x^ ijl*j jS"y\ JjoJI iLU* ±jj. Sarf mv'ämalat
'ahdan or »u*U* mu'ähadatan by a treaty ad-duwal al-aktar ri'äyatan moet-favored-
or an agreement, etc.); to take into nation clause
 ;

347
tl
i\*\j. murifäh oonsideration, regard, V VJÖ" nndesirable; *J v>V* -* (**sV) i^

deferenoft, respeot; oomplianoo (with), ob- persona grata, *J ^ji-j» jf ^j** persona
sarranoe (o.g.» of regulations, of dotiea, non grata {dipl.); 4* vj*>* nndesirable,
etc.) | J SU)/« (munTdton) in deferenoo to, onwanted, objeotionable, loathsome
out of regard for, for the uke of; in
oLy mwv^iod? attraetions, lores,
observanoe of ; A^L*** »1*1/- oat of def- advantages
erenoe to them, out of regard for their
feelings, wishes, eto.; li» »1*1^ £• taking £rfj ra0o|a a («#) to raok (U at the mother's
this into aooonnt, bearing this in mind teaU; aaid of animals)

flj rtCin pl. :Uj ru'dA, üLej ru'yan, w>j»>j ra#tif unweaned young female
•Uj rw'if, ri'd* shepherd, herdsman;
goardian, keeper, prot«otor ; patron, Spon-
4*j ra£uda u (oUj ra^dda) and raQida a
sor; pastor {Chr.)
(ra$ad) to be pleasant, oomfortable,
y.j* mar'iy observed, oomplied with oarefrae (life)

i^pj roffiba a (5-*j ra£&a, »^-ej ra£ao) to oij m^d eaty, oarefrse, pleasant, agree-
want, crave, oovet (j
desire, wish, a.th.) able (life) | Jej ^V (*aii) a li£» of plenty
to ask (j* or Jl s.o., j for s.tb., ul to do and opolenoe
s.th.), requast (j s.th.; > or Jl s.o., ul

to do s.th.); to prefer (Je J s.th. to,

Vj raQid easy, oarefrse, pleasant,

also j* l_> s.th. to), like s.th. (j, also ^>)

agreeable (life) | .läj ^V faü) a life of
plenty and opolenoe
better than (Je, also je); to dislike, de-
test, loathe (je s.th.), have a distaste (j* Jij rafad oomfort, opolenoe, affluenoa

for); to wish (^ J s.o. s.th.) | <ui «-*.r V (of living)

(yur^ofru) nndesirable II to make (# s.o.) oUj rofäda oomfort, opolenoe, af-

desirous (j of), awaken a desire, a wish floenoe (of living)
(
J * in s.o. for); to interest (j * s.o. in
s.th.), exoite s.o.'a (•) interest in (j); to
l
kj*j raQraQa to live in opolenoe and lozory
awaken an avenion (je • in s.o. to
s.th.) IV = II
0£>j TaQraQa (= jpjp QarQara) to gargle

i^j raQab: L*jj Lij ra£»6an wa-raAo ^Ujl urpdfa pl. -äi, Jkeljl ord^ (ej.) wind-

tan torn between greed and fear lau, winoh; oapstan

Lij ra£oa pl. ra£aMf, t-*Uj rt$äft wish, iJkJ-j rafif pl. ii*j\ arfifa, uU#j ruQfän,
desire, longing, appetite (j for) .Jüj ru^u/ flat loaf of bread; roll, bon
i_Pj ratfi&a pl. i_JUj ra&Tib* objeot (*yr.)

of desire, desideratiun; wish, desire

>j IT to foroe, oompel, ooeroe (
J» • s.o. to
^y tarfib awakening of a desire or do s.th.)
longing (J for); inoitement to oovetous-
Jj raQma (prep.) deapite, in spite of |
neos; invitation, attraotion
ul Jj althoogh,thoagh; je L^j ro^num 'an
wilj räfib pl. *j*j ro^oAo deairing,
in spite of, despite; *iil je l>j (artfM) and
desiroaa ^Ij y-^/ lt-d£m räfibin (aale)
spite him, in de-
| «iil j* >jjl
J* just to
to the highest bidder flance of bim, against bis will; j* >jJ0

Vj*/* marflflÄ : V vjV* ooveted, songht &i-r-ra^n» min and je and j* Af"J»
J>J\*

after, in demand; desired, desirable; j*i despite, in spite of; U* Jf j* JJ)b in

 348
f>
spite of all this; *l* 2J\j and Jij raff night, covey (of birds)
fj\ Ja
*l»

against s.o.'s will; against one's own will,

jj rOjgP pl. jyj ru/ü/, tjlij rt/ö/
reluotantly, without wanting it; ^ i-j
Jp shelf; rack; ledge | J»J\ J* *+J>j to shelve
*aid ragmin minnl without my wanting it; s.th., put a.th, aside
öl j* J^Jü in spite of the faot that, al-
Jilij ro£Td/ radiant, flashing, sparkling,
though; \Jj *$\ ... *$ lä ... iUä ragman
glistening
only reluotantly, only with great effort
lij ro/o'a a (raf) to mend, repair, patoh
>Uj ragäm dust and Band
(a clothing), bow up, fine-draw (* a rent),
rugäm mucus
l»Uj dam (* socks); to drag (* a boat) on
i/Uj ru§ämä windpipe, traohea [anat.) ahore

*jj* margama pl. jSj* maräg'im* com- #Uj raffä* darner, fine-drawer
pulsion, ooercion, force; aversion, un-
•lij rijä* (marital) harmony, love |

willingness, reluctance, dislike, distaste

^J>\j *\ij\j (banin) live in harmony and
l*Ujl irgäm oompulsion (Jp to) beget sona (felioitation to newlyweds)
!

,%
j\j rägim reluctant, unwilling |
*ÄJlj \ij* marfa' pl. *j}j* rnaräji landing
i-lj [anjuhü) (aaaAäl clause) reluctantly, place, wharf, quay; port, harbor
grudgingly
l
Caj rafata % u (raft) to break, smash, crush

jiji look up alphabetically (* s.th.); to reject, turn down, decline

{* s.th.); to dismias, disoharge (» s.o.

(_jpj) Uj ro^E v (fa£u>) to foam, froth II and

from Service)
IT do. |
AjjIj ^jl (axbada) to fume with
cJj raft dismissal, discharge (from
rage
service)
•jpj ragwa, rugwa pl. jli> ra£äu»n
CjÜj rufät mortal remains, body (of a
foam, froth, spinne; lather; dross, slag
person)
j_>pj ragwi foamy, frothy
'*-äj raftiya transit duty; clearance certif-
»Uj ro^£fä' windbag (fig., of a person);
icate, clearance papers (com.)
garmlous; chatterbox, prattler

ijlij ru£<zwa foam, froth, spume Üj rafata iu to behave in an obscene

manner

devoid of *Uj rafai obscenity

haB absolutely nothing, he is

all reeources, prop.: he has neither a «Jj rafah Rafah (town in S Gaza sector)
bleating (öheep) nor a braying (camel)
4*j rafada i (rafd) to support, aid, help (•

ÖD raffet i (raff, «Jui» rafif) to gleam, shimmer, s.o.); to support, uphold, carry (* s.th.)
glisten, gütter; — « » (raff) to quiver, IV to support, aid, help (» s.o.) X to ask
twitch; to flioker; to Aap the wings (bird); (• s.o.) for support, appeal (• to s.o.) for
to flutter; to wave, stream; to flash, flare help
for a moment ; to appear suddenly ; —« *
oij rifd pl. iyj rufüd, ilijl arfäd pres-
to be anxious to please (J s.o.), serve (J
ent, gift; support
s.o.) diligently «j^li J* <J»j it flashed
j

through hiß mind, it occurred to bim all *iUj rifäda dresaing, bandage (over

of a Budden a wound); saddlecloth, päd

 349
CJ
oilj rüfid pl. aitjj rawäfid* tributary ^j rafa'a a (raf) to lifl, Hfl up, raise aloft,
stream; jloil^l ar-räfidän (Euphrates and heave up, hoist up (* s.th.); to raise (*
Tigris = ) Mesopotamia, Iraq s.th., e.g., one's head, also flg.: e.g., the
intelleotual level, a price); to raise in
•oilj räfida pl. oiljj ratuäfid* support,
prop; rafter
esteem (* s.th.); to make high or higher
(a s.th.); to elevate (* s.th.); to heighten,

C>j*j rafrafa to Aap the wings (bird); to exalt, enhance (* s.th.); to raise, promote
flutter (flag, wings, or the like); to blow (Jl • s.o. to the rank of); to fly, let up
(wind); to blindfold (* the eyes) (*, e.g., a kite); to hoist, ran up (Li* 'aia*
man or h lj räyatan a flag) ; to take off,
(Ji^ij rafraf plj (Jijlij rafärip oushion,
päd; eyeshade, visor (of a cAp); fender
doff, tip (oj qubba'atahü one'a hat);
to place, fasten or attaoh (* s.th.) high
(of an automobile)
above; to erect, set up (* s.th.); to raise
(Jij^j rafrüf pl. (Jujljj rafärif2 eye
(*jj~* sautahü one's voice); to remove,
bandage take away (je- or £. * s.th. from); to
abolish, eliminate (* s.th.); to lifl (* s.th.,
^Jj rafasa i u (rafa) to kick ( s.o.)
e.g., a ban), put an end (* to s.th,); to
<_jj rafaa (n. vic.) kick remedy (* a mistake); to free, relieve

of to put s.th. (*) before

o^*j raffäs steam launch, Bteamboat; (* je- s.o. s.th.);

motor tug; O propeller s.o. (

Jl), submit ( Jl * s.th.» e.g., a petition,
to), file (Jl * a report, and the like, with
Jtij rafS shovel, Bpade a proper authority); to present, dedicate

,j-»lij (= ^Uj raffte) steam launch, {Jl * s.th. to s.o.); to offer up (* sacrifioes;
raffäs
steam boat Chr.); to make, deliver (Ij-JÜ a report);
to start, initiate (*-** qafiyotan legal
^Äij rafatja % u iraß) to leave, abandon action); to ascrihe (Jl * a Prophetio tra-
(* s.th.); to discard, dismiss (* s.th.); dition to an authority or souroa); {gram.)
to rejeot, turn down, decline, refuse to to pronounce the final consonant with u;
accept (* s.th.) IV to fimsh, conclude, to put (* a word) in the nominative or in-
terminate V to he higoted, fanatic IX to
dicative, respectively ; pass. rujCa it ap-
scatter, disperse, break up; to disappear,
peared, came in sight, became viaible (J
ceaBe (e.g., pain); to drip (sweat)
before s.o.); *^e *ij rufi'a 'anhu he re-

cr**J mAJ dismissal; rejeotion, refusal, gained consciousnees | »^ 3ji lixi -jj

nonacceptance to put s.th. before or above s.th. eise;

abandoned; rejected, L*tj *J £»j (ra'san) to pay attention to

UrfiJj rafl4 dis-

missed s.th.;*iU fr *ij (min Sa'nihi) to en-

hance the importance of s.th.; to speak
^jÄij laraffw} bigotry, fanaticism
of s.th. in glowing terms; 4iit£. ^ **j (mo
i-ii \j räß4a pl. ^Äi \j j rawdfaf* turncoats, känatihi) to Upgrade s.th.; *l* <jUj -jj
renegades, dissenters, defectors; troops (yadaihi) to desist, refrain from s.th.; -ij
having deBerted their leader; Rafidites, «J* (da'wä) to sue
iSje-ii\ s.o., lodge a
a Shiitio sect
complaint against s.o. hl,\ in a court);
^iiSj räß4i pl. i/'lijl arfä^ apostate, 4-L *•*«* »jj (qajtyatan) or *~Ji *i «jj

renegade, turncoat ; Rafidite ; disloyal, to bring legal action against s.o., go with
rebellious; bigoted, fanatioal b.o. to court; J»Uj£-^1 £*j to appeal,
 ;; )

350

make an appeal (A*\ to a court) II to «ijl arfa'* higher; loftier, more ex-
raise, lift, elevate; to oelebrate oarnival alted; finer; more refined, subtler

m to act as defense counsel (j* of s.o.)»

**-ij rafVa pl. ^Jlij ra/dV 1 legal oase
defend (jp s.o., in court), plead s.o.'e
brought before the competent authori-
(j*) cause; to summon, hale (Jl • s.o.
ties; a document submitted to a proper
to court) V to be or deem o.s. above B.th.
authority
(j*), be too proud (j* for s.th.), look
down *Jy m$j* marfa Shrovetide (Chr.); caxnival,
(j* upon) | gj to raise or
pl. »i\j* maräfi"' do.
bear one's head high TI to hale one an-
other before the jadge (fU-1 Jl); to take *ßij* mirfa'a pl. *»lj- mardfi'* hoisting
one's oase before the judge (J"U-1 Jl); to gear, crane
plead (in court) Till to rise, lift; to go up,
-Jj." tarff pl. -dt promotion (of an
ascend; to beoome higher; to grow, in-
offioial) ; salary raise ( Jl to the amount of
orease, rise; to ring out (tone, voioe, tnne)

to go away, pass away, be eliminatedj 4jj\j* murdfa'a pl. -ät speech for the
disappear ( j* from) | Cj+ ^Üjl (fautuhü) defense (in court); proceedings at law {

to gain prestige i*il^Il a^j yaum ai~m. date fixed for the

trial (of a case in oourt); il>Uil^l ü>U

Jj raf lifting, hoisting (also, of a
(Eg.) and oUil^i 11* majaUat al-m.
flag); elevation; raise, raising, stepping
(Tun.) code of procedura
up (of prices, of temperatures, etc.)

setting up; ereotion; Abolition; lift (e.g. t •ij tarajfu" arrogance, haughtiness,
of a ban) ; remedy, elimination, removal snobbery (j* toward s.th.), disdain, oon-
remiaaion (of a tax); Submission, filing tempt ( j» of s.th.)

(o.g., of a report); pronunciation of the

£liJjl irtifa* rise (e.g., of prices); ele-
final oonsonant with u (gram.) | JUjV' £*j
vation; increase; height, altitude (e.g.,
weight lifting (athUt.)
of a mountain, j**JS pl»-« J* 'on sajhi l~bakr
Uij rifa height, elevation (e.g., of a above sea level, etc.) \ ... £l*3jl J* »t
struoture); high rank or standing |
«—*-L# an altitude of ...

**ij\ (formerly:) title of the Egyptian

2*lj räfi' bearer |
wlj yT hoisting
Prime Minister, *\jjj)\ iJ
~uj **ij rif'al
gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; windlass,
rais al-wusarä,' His Exoellency the Prime
winoh; crane; pump; **i'j o*«*» (mt^afc*
Minister
fco) suotion pump
f-lij n'/ö* Shrovetide (Chr.)
Uilj räfi'a pl. £*ljj ratttä/T' hoisting

*^j rafi high, high-ranking ; lofty, gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; orane;

ezalted, sublime; loud (voioe, sound); hoisting installation (mining) | O «**L>

thin, fine, delicate; exquisite, refined, ylj» (hawä'iya) ejeotor; O (Wl i*ilj r.

subtle; artiatio |
ütiil ^Jj r. oj-la'n ap- algäm mine Bweeper
prox.: exalted; formerly, in Tunisia, title
*^* mor/ü* traceable in asoending
of the members of the Bey's family;
order of traditionaries to Mohammed
«JJI aUÜI «—*-L# (maqäm) title con-
(Prophetic tradition) ; (gram.) in the
ferred upon bearers of the order »}*£ii\
nominative or indicative, respectively
al-qüäda, established by Fu'ad I in 1936;
i*aj\ OjLÜ\ (*= '*LJ~\ ÖjLÜ\) the fine arts; *i^ muraffa": tili gj.\ (fo'nuAü) =
pv+J^j pfß *"Ä n »od l° w (= *U) ütiil gij\ (see ^ij ro/f >
 ;, —

351 *J

mj\j* muräfi' plaintiff associate, partner; accomplice; kind (v

to), mild, gentle, tender vj-dl jjj
ßjJU mutaraffi' haughty, arrogant, snob-
|

r, al-madrasa classmate, sohoolmate

bish

*£>j* murtafi' rising, ascending; high,

ÜJj rafiqa pl. -Öl woman companion;
iS— girl friend; sweetheart; mistress, para-
elevated; resounding, ringing |
JjJi-l

IßJüjLi (sikkat al-h.) elevated railway

mour

[JCj* murtafa" height, altitude; ele-

jij^ mirfaq, marfiq elbow; mirfaqpl.
ji j» maräfiq 2 anything conducive to
vated place; O terrace; pl. -öl heights,
I

elevations, hüls personal ease and comfort, convenience;

appurtenance (of an apartment, of a
jij rafaqa u (rifq) and rafiqa a (rafaq) to be house; such aa kitchen, bathroom, Btable,
kind, friendly, nioe (l-> to s.o., also
J# and etc.); attainment of civilization, civili-

J), treat gently (l_» b.o.,), be courteous zational Institution; pl. J*^ attain-
(i_j with s.o.) III to be a companion, a ments of civilization; conveniences ; pub-
comrade (• of s.o.); to keep {• s.o.) Com- lic Utilities; installations; facilities fLiJl
|

pany; to be on intimate terms, be hand cfiSj* J* (qiyäm) concern for their wel-
in glove, be frier) dß, assooiate closely fare; SU-1 jilj^ m, al-hayäh conveniences,
(» with s.o.); to accompany (• s.o.; also anything conducive to personal ease and
mus,); to escort (*, » s.o., s.th.) IV to be comfort; i.LJl ji'jil ('ämma) the publio
of use, be useful (• to s.o.), avail, serve, Utilities ; j ßd\ ji l^ refining facilities (oil

help (• s.o.); to accompany (l-> a s.th. industry)

with); to attach, enclose, add, append
~*jü\j* muräfaqa accompaniment ; es-
(._» * to B.th. s.th.) V to show o.s. kind,
cort; Company, association
display a gentle, friendly attitude (v
toward s.o., also **), be nice (^ to s.o., JUJjl irtijäq utilization, use; useful-

also **); to do gently (j s.th.), proceed ness, serviceableness ; easement (jur.)

gently {j in) | »j* j jij {aairihi) to

jil^ muräfig pl. -ün companion, at-
walk slowly, stroll, saunter VI to travel
tendant; escort; accompanist; adjutant,
together VIII to profit, benefit, gain (l->
aide (Ir.)
from or by), make use, avail o.s., take
advantage (i_> of), utilize (o> s ib.); to o jij* murjaq bihi attached, enclosed;

lean one's elbows, rest one's arms (* on pl. c>\Jüj* enclosures (in a letter, or

s.th.) the like)

Jtj rifq friendliness, kindness, gentle- ^jJjA murtafaq that on which one leans
ness |
ül^-A-l» ^ji^l *-*j^ jam'iyat ar~r. orrests; Support; toilet, latrine
bi-l-hayawän Society for the Prevention
Jij rafala u (rafl) to trail a garment; to
of Cruelty to Animals
strut, swagger
4_üj rifqa, rufqa pl. JLij rifäq, jjj
Jij riß. train (of a garment)
rifaq, rujaq, jlijl arjäq group, troop,
body (of people); company iüy |
ac-
*ij rafuha u («lij rafäh, <*lij rafäha, 5-*lij
companied by, in the Company of
rafäkiya) to be comfortable, pleasant,
j-ij raflq pl. »Lüj rufaqä* 1 , ölij rijäq luxurious (Life) II to make (* life) pleasant
companion, attsndant ; escort ; buddy and comfortable; to afford (• b.o.) a
friend; comrade (in Marxist terminology) pleasant, luxurious life; to be a souroe
 ;; ;

*J 352

of ease and comfort, make thinga easy Jj raqq, riqq parohment; riqq (eg.)

(J*, je- for s.o.), let (J*, j* s.o.) live in tambourine

oomfort; to relax (J*, j* s.o.), provide
4jj riqqa thinness; alenderness, slim-
recreation (J#, j» for); to ease, soften,
ness ; fineness, delicateness, delioaey
mitigate (* j* for s.o. s.th.) ; to cheer up
gentleness, mildneas; amiability, graeious-
(j* s.o.). raise the spirits of (je); to
ness, friendliness |
i-ili.1 «i, r. ai-häHya
soothe (& the soul) j *—Ü j* *ij to re-
friendliness, courteousness, amiability
lax, find recreation (* from work); J* «j
jj*lS\ 4*j sensitivity, delicaey of feeling,
4-ÄJ to find recreation
taot; «-U1 i*j r. af-fab" kindneas, gentle-
4*j ri/A. and »Uj ra/dA well-being, wel- ness, mild temper, friendliness; r}jl\ <*j
fare; personal ease and comfort; good gentleness, mild temper
Irving, luxury, comforts of life
Jlij ruqäq flat loaf of bread; O waffles
i*lij rafäha, «s»Uj rafähiya comfort-
Jjj raqiq pl. »lijl ariqqä'*, jtfj riqöq
able, luxuriouB life; luxury; comfort,
slave, slaves (sing, and coli.); flat loaf
comfortableness, ooziness; complete re-
of bread (nejd); thin; slender, slim;
laxation and ease
fine, delicate; soft, tender, gentle; sen-
<jj tarfih creation of ease and luxury sitive, taotful, discreet, prudent | *j\jf
habituation to luxury; providing of oom- J-*jJI slave trade; JLA-l jJ>j poor, needy;
fort and relaxation; recreation; (mental) (J\jL\) S^iU-l jJj r. al-häKya (ai-

relaxation |
j^^jJI *jj t. al-'aÜ good liv- hawäM) friendly, oourteous, civil, amiable;
ing, comfortable life; *-ij3l -J qitm at-t. jj*±l\ jJj sensitive; *jLJl jJj r.af-fab'
reoreation department kind, gentle, mild-tempered, friendly;

r}jl\ ÖJj gentlehearted

(j*j) ^J ™A* u (™/w ) *° dam, mend (* s.th.)
ü-#j raqiqa lamina, flake
3j raqqa » (Üj riqqa) to be or become thin,
delicate, fine; to be tender, soft; to be Jjl araqq* thinner; slimmer; more del-

icate
pure, clear, limpid {water); to soften,
relent (J toward s.o.), have pity, feel jlij^ mirqäq rolling pin
compassion, have sympathy (J for) |
Jyj* morqüq thin, flaky pastry
*Ji «J jj (qaünthü) he took pity on him
II to make thin, thin out (* s.th.); to lij raqa'a a to oease to flow (tears)
refine, make fine, soft or tender, render

delicate (* s.th.); to polish, smooth, make <_Jj raqaba u (>-»jiij ruqyb, ülij raq&ba) to
observe, watch, regard attentively (*
elegant (* one's speeoh); to flatten, roll
s.th.); to supervise, control {* B.th.); to
out (* esp. metal) IT to make thin, fine

or tender, render delicate, refine (* s.th.)

wait (* for), await (* s.th.); — (<~!yj

to soften (* the heart) T rttqüb) to watoh (* over s.th.), guard

to soften,

relent (J toward b.o.), have pity, have (* s.th.); to take into oonsideration, heed,
observe, respect (* s.th.); to fear (» God);
sympathy (J for), sympathize (J with)
to be on one's guard, watch out, be care-
X to be thin, fine, delicate; to soften (*
s.th.); to enslave, make a slave (» s.o.)
ful j
Öi Vj V V v»^ V (Man «»-W
4immatan) to treat s.o. ruthlessly III to
3j raqq pl. 3yj rvgüq turtle
watch, observe, regard attentively (•

jj riqq quality or oondition of being s.o., m s.th.), keep an eye (*, * on);
a slave, slavery, bondage to make out, deteot (* s.th.); to oon-
 ; :;

363 JO

trol (* a.th., e.g., the traffio, the ^Jj* mirqab telesoope

presa, a.o.'s doinga, etc.)» aupervia© (* muräqaba Observation ; auper-
vLr*
some work), have an eye (* on t e.g., on vision; aurveillance; inspection; control;
s.o.'s dealings); to fear (• God) |
J»l l-jIj
oenBorahip (of the presa); znail censor-
4J (lit.: to fear God with regard to 8.0.)
ship; superintendency, controllerahip;
to treat s.o. well for fear of God V to zone of inspection
expect, anticipate, await (* B.th.), look
i^Sj taraqqub expectation, anticipation
forward to (*), wait, look, look out (*, •

for); to regard (* a.th.), look (* at B.th.); <->Uujl irtiqäb expectation, anticipation

to lie in wait (* for) VIII to expeot, muräqib pl. -fln observer; over-
>~*\j*
anticipate {* a.th.) seer, Supervisor, inspector; Controller,

<Sj riqba Observation; control; atten- control officer; censor; Sergeant major,

tion; caution, wariness; vigilanoe, watch- quartermaster Sergeant (Eg. 1030) | <-il_r*

fulness JLu m. talim a military rank (approx.

master Sergeant; Eg. 1030);
<Jj raqaba pl. -ät, ^Uj rxqäb neck; — m. ta'yin a military rank (approx. : quar-
J-^ >r*'j*

(pl. ^Ijj) slave; (/*/. Zaw)person | O V-> termaster Sergeant; Eg. 1030); Ja. >~J\j*
j-i- r. jiar bridgehead; «JJI »_JL* ptdb
(madanl) title of a high looal ofncial
ar-r. stubborn, obstinate, obstreperous
(Mor,, Tun.); .UjLA-'l t-ilj-» linesman
*JJ\ Ji-U do.; ^lij j li* reBponsibility
(soccer)
for it rests on their Shoulders; 4**»* J*-\

yk*j i^Uy akada ba'duhum bi-r. badin -lij raqada u {raqd, j>jij ruqüd, jÜj ruqäd)
L
to follow in close Buccession to sleep, be asleep; to go to bed; to lie

down to rast; to lie; to rest; to abate,

Vj*j ruqüb anticipation, expectation aubaide, let up, calm down (e.g., a storm)

i_-Jj raqtb pl. »U*j ruqabä** vigilant, to be down, be flagging; to be dull, list-

warden; less (market) ^-i-Jt jSj (baid) to sit

watchful; guardian, keeper, | J*
watcher, observer, lookout; spy; over- on the egga (hen) II to put (* s.o.) to

seer, Supervisor, inspector ; Controller, aleep; to make (• s.o.) lie down; to put
control offioer; postal oensor; Sergeant (» s.o.) to bed; to lay down, Stretch out

(Syr. t mü.) Jjl ^Jj (atvwal) approx.: (* s.o.) IV to put to sleep (* s.o.); to put
|

staff sergeant (Syr., mtl.) to bed (» a child)

•-üj raqda sleep ; manner of lying,

j^Jj ruqbä donation with the proviao
lying position
that it shall either rerert to the donor
after the donee's death or become the jISj ruqäd sleep; reoumbency, reoum-
property of the donee upon death of the bent position
donor (Ist. Law) iyj ruqüd sleep; recumbency, recum-

*j\ij raqäba supervision, control; oen- bent position; Bleeping, asleep (pl. of the

aorahip (of the presa) active participle)

jylj räqüd pl. -Ljljj rawäqxd* large jug

<>yj raqüba and ~oJ*\j räqüba {eg.)

nest egg £j* marqad pl. Ji\j* maräqicP bed;

couch; resting place; mausoleum
tJj- margab and «J_r* marqdba lofty
Observation post, lookout; watchtower; jjj iarqid (eg.) layerage (hört.) | xSJ
O observatory ,j-i-JI t. al-baid hatching of the eggs
 ;;

•*> 354

IaJJ tarqida (eg.) layer (hört.) ,j^ij» marqaf pl. ^j+^j* maräqif dance
hall, ballroom; dance, ball
oilj räqid pl. oJj ruqgad, jyj rugüd
sleeping, asleep; lying, reclining, re- jj^ilj r&qi? dancer; dance, dancing
cumbent ; resting ; quiet, dull, listleae (uaed attributively) |
****lj iL»*- (Kafia)

(market) dance, ball; ****lj

J— <_>* dance music;
**Jlj. ÜJ (laila) dancing party
J&j» muraqqtd somniferous, lulling; pl.

o'j«j^ soporifics *~*i\j räqifa pl. -ät female dancer

O kneecap, patella
3j»j raqraqa to mix, dilute (* wine with
i**ilj* muräqifa (female) danoing part-
water) II taraqraqa to overflow {fj*JJlt
ner
with te&ra; eyea), be bathed (fj-ÜJL in
tearo); to glitter, glisten, eparkle; to .Ljj II to apeckle, Bpot (ft a.th.)
stii gently, breathe (wind)
.LSjl arqaf* apeckled, apotted; leopard
3\j>j raqräq bathed (in tears), moist,
r
>jj raqa'a a (raq ) to patch (* a garment);
misty (eye«); glittering, ghatening; radi-

ant, brilU&nt, resplendent

— raqa'a u (5*lij raqä'a) to be stupid

II — raqa'a
JjUj ruqäriq not deep, shallow (water)
*fij ruq'a pl. »ij ruqa', f-lij riqä'

^jijj raqa&a u to variegate, make multi- patch ; piece of cloth ; piece of land, ter-

oolored {* s.th.) II do.; to adom, ein- rain or ground; area; Iot, plot of land;

bellish, decorate (* B.th.) ground (of a flag); cheaaboard; slip of

paper, piece of paper ; note, brief measage
^/ij\ arqaS* variegated, multicolored,
ticket; ooupon; bond, aecurity; a curaive
oolorful
style of calligraphy

O u*^-r» n*Tifl& pl. u-i^j" maräqiP

«^ö raq? stupid, ailly, foolish; im-
bruah (of the painter)
pudent, impertinent, shameless; (pl. <-*jl

arqi'a) firmament
,j*Sj raqafia u (raqf) to danoe; to prance
(hone; J* to a tnne) U-y (farahan) | ^j UUj raqu'a atupidity, ftwliahness, folly
to dance with joylltoinake(*a.o.)dance;
*tij» marqa'a and <?Sj* marqaiya
to set (* s.th.) in a awinging motion; to
tatters, rags
make {* the heart) tremble |
./»-UJ-l ^j
(prop.: to make the throats tremble) to pjj tarqf patohing | <J>*" rfj '•

proroke loud laughter m to dance ( l* with al-qarniya tranaplantation of the Cornea

a girl) IT = II; VI to move; to danoe; to (med.)

prance; to tremble (heart) oLJj* muraqqaät fragments

<j**j raqt danoing, dance ,j**J\ X**

j
Jj raqama u (raqm) to write (* s.th.); to
muaüim ar-r. H anfing inatraotor
point, provide with points (* a text) ; to
«~*Sj raqfia (n. vic.) pl. raqafäi danoe brand (* a hone); to imprint (* a trace,
a mark); to mark (* s.th.); to stripe
,j*Ijj raqq&t (professional) danoer; pen-
{* a fabrio); to number (* s.th.) II to
dulum (pAy*. ; also of a timepieoe)
point, provide with points (* a text); to
i-»Lij raqqtya female danoer; H^pning stripe, atreak (* a.th.); to rule (* B.th.);

girl, danseoae; baUerina to number (* s.th.)

 388 ÜJ

Jj rogm pl. fljjl anpJm numeral; jjl arqä higher, superior; more ad-
number, No. |
«;.iLil >UjVl (Atiu^iya) the vanoed, more progressed
numerals of the Arabe; ^LÜl }j r.
«Li,* mirqäh pl. 3\j* mardqin staira,
al-qiyäa or ^Li J> (yiy<W) record (alUet.),
U-Lj Lij (aa;^aJa) to set a reoord
staircase; O elevator, lift
Jjff"

(a**Jei.) *Jj iarqiya raising; — (pl. -ät) pro-

motion (in rank); elevation; promotion,
-jj ragtm inscription tablet; letter,
furtherance, encourage ment, advance-
measage
ment; extension, development, improve-
}j» mirqam pl. il^* maräqim* drawing ment
pencil, crayon; (paintor's) brush
3j taraqqin pl. taraqqiyät asoension;
*SJ Jargim pointing; numbering, nu- asoent; advance, advancement; progress,
meration riae, progressive development

tßj* marqüm pl. -jIj. marä^tm* striped »LÄJjl irtiqä* climbing, mounting; as-
blautet
cension; asoent; progress, rise, progressive
development ^^Jl »IÄjjI irt. al-'ari ac-
ijrßj II taraqwafa (*yr.) to tosa, fling o.s. f

ceasion to the throne

about
Jjlj räqin asoending, rising; high, high-
Jj ragiya a (ra?y, ru?iy) to ascend (JI or j ranking; Buperior, high-grade, high-class,
s.th. or to B.th.) ; to climb, mount, aoale (*
of high Standard; educated, refined; ad-
a.th.); to riae (in rank), advanoe, be pro-
vanced |
«Jl^Jl üJJI ijabaqa) the upper
moted; to dato baok, go back (JI to a by-
claaa
gone era) ; *j jj to lead s.o. up; to further,
promoto, encourage s.th.; — raqä i (*Jj 3lj räqin pl. *\ij ruqäh magician, sor-
ruqya) to use magio or incantationa (* on cerer

s.o., j* againsts.th.) II to cause toascend; tjij» murtaqin high, superior, advanoed

to promoto (* b.o.); to raise, further, pro- (esp. intellectually)
mote, advanoe (* s.th.) V to asoend, riae,
advanoe, progress VIII to asoend, riae; to jj* murtaqan ascent, rise

asoend (* s.th.; also, e.g., ^j*^ al-'ar&a l

i\j rakka i (rakk, H5j rikka, «5"lSj rakäka)
the throne), climb (* a.th., on s.th., also to be weak, feeble; to be poor, meager,
*jjti\ al-'araba into the carriage) ; to
scanty; — u (rakk): *i* j ilj (/f
advance, be promoted (^ JI iiä
'unuqihi) to saddle b.o. with the respon-
»,^1)1

manfib to an offlce); to riae, increaae

upon
sibility for s.th., thrust s.th. s.o.

(
JI to number of ) to advance,
the ;

riae, show an upward trend, develop 55j rikka weakness, feeblenesa

upward; to date baok, go back (JI to a iLSj rakik pl. ilKj rikäk, <S3j rakaka
given time) weak, feeble ; thin ; colorless, pallid

jj ruqiy riae, progress, upward devel- (e.g., style) ; scanty, meager, poor,

opment; <> jjl promotion, encourage- pitiful

ment, furtheranoe of s.th. illTj rukäk weak, feeble

<Sj ruqya pl. jj ruqan spell, ohann,
«TKj rakäka weakness, feeblenesa; low-
magio; incantation
liness; inadequacy, poorness; colorleas-
»li> raqqa* magician, sorcerer neas, pallor (e.g., of style)
4> 3A6

»3Tj rukka distaff | &J\ U* tibb ar-r. (eg.) assemble, put together, fit together (*

populär treatment of illnesses by means s.th.); to make, prepare (* s.th. out of

of oharms and inoantations, praotioed by several oomponents or ingredients); to

women oonstruot, build {* e.g., a teohnical appa-

ratus ) IT to make (• b.o.) ride or mount |

l-Tj rakiba a (vj*j ruktib) to ride (* an »\j*j *-lj 4Sj\ (ra'aahü wa-hawähu) to
animal); to mount (* an animal); to go, let s.o. have his head, let s.o. do as he
travel (* in a carriage, in an automobile, pleases V to be oomposed, be made up,
on a train, on board a ship, etc.), ride oonsist (,> of ) VI to be superimposed one
(* in a vehiole, on a bicyole); to get,
upon another Till to oommit, perpetrate
olimb (* into a oarriage, on a bioyole, (* a sin, a crime); to pursue, practice
eto.), board (* a train, an airplane, a (* s.th-Vj ILLt wi^jl (lajafan) to overdo
ship, etc.); to pursue (* s.o.), be after s.th., go too far
s.o. (i-j with s.th.); to engage (* in),
<_^j rakb riders, horsemen, oavalcade;
embark (* on); to oommit, perpetrate
caravan; traveling party; retinue, esoort;
(m a sin, a crime); to master (* s.th.) |

procession, troop (of people)

j^Jli ^j (bahr) to travel by sea; <_-5j

iU-l (hayäh) to master life; Jj:\ <-Sj L-ij rukab, -ät knee
ifj rukba pl. |

(Jcatar) to embark on a risky undertaking; i-TjII j»\ abü r-rukab dengue, breakbone
Uharbiya)
«stA' 4Ik*' V*J ÜFuyulahü fever (med.)
to get on one's high horse; f,J\ <-Ji ^Sj
ujITj rikäb pl. fcjij rufatb stirrup;
{danaba r-rih) to speed along like the
(pl. -ät, t^-fj ruhubt ^ifj rdkäW) riding
wind; *-lj ^Jfj {ra'aahü) to aot at
oamel, riding animal, mount <j&j J*-
one's disoxetion; to aot rashly, follow a |

go by LuijL; haüa rikabahü bi-ar^inä he has

whim; SjLJI *-^j ifiayyära) to
arrived on our soil; oSj j j* he is his
oar, travel in an automobile; JiLJÜi <--5j
loyal follower, he dogs Mb footeteps;
(Safaf) to oommit exceases, go too far;

SjUJl fcjij ijayyära) to fiy, go by plane;

oKj j jU do.; to oling to s.o.'s heels, be

blindly subservient to s.o.

,_V -II Ji> ^S"j {matna Wunf) to commit

acta of violenoe; JUM *-0* •*£ (www*

Vj^J wktib rnount, riding animal
kdba l-bafal) to make a foolish miatake,
oommit a folly; to embark on a reoklesa Vj rakäba pl. ^-JlTj rakä'ib* mount,

things; female riding oamel

course, do irreaponsible <_-5"j

jU>-Vl Uu {matiyata Uitfäq) to baok the u^jTj ruktib (horsebaok, camelback,

wrong horse, be on the loaing aide, fail; eto.) riding; traveling (in a vehicle, by
Jl^Vl v*j (akwM) *° döfy tne horrore; sea, by air, eto.) ; mounting (of a bicyole,
•l^AI Jfj (hawff) to fiy, travel by air; of a horse, eto.), boarding (of a train, of
•lj» <_-5*j (hawähu) to follow one's a ship, eto.) _^JI «j/j r. al-bahr navi-
|

whim II to make (• s.o.) ride; to put, gation; »I^AI v^"-* r * o*-* «**' flyinSt avia-

place, fasten, mount (Je * s.th. on); to tion

fit, mount, insert, set (j * s.th. in, e.g-,
u-tSj rakkäb one who rides frequently,
a preeious stone in a ring) ; to build in
(professional) horseman or rider, jookey
(> a machine part); to assemble (* e.g.,

the parts of an apparatus); to set up iLSj nJcbän retinue, esoort |

jU •jf*

(* a machine); to install (* s.th.; techn.), ö\Sj\ ** (rfiJferoAü) approx.: his fame

lay (* an eleotrio line, and the like); to has spread far and wide
 )

357 /->

<-£j» markab pl. ^_-5*l>. maräkib* ship, consiating (j- of); Compound, compoeite;
boat, veaael |
jjüc .^T,* (frufcöri) Bteam- complex; bound, not free; — (pl. -ät)

ßhip, steamer; J_^- vO* (Aar&i) warship, composition; a Compound (ehem.); a

man-of-war; ^jji vO* (^wri) patrol oomposite; a complex (psychol.); med-
boat; ^j-Z <-£j* (Sirä'i) sailing veaael, ication, medioament | <—C* (*&£)
f.->
sailboat; -L*JI t_-5*j- m. ap-paid fiahing Compound JL*/*
intereet; vO* (J* m **
smack, trawler; JiJl «-^r* m. an-naql yä'i) ohemical Compound; ,^+ju *-^~j*
freighter, transport m. nag? inferiority complex

*Sj» markaba pl. -tS( vehicle; carriage, <—&r* murtakib perpetrator (of a crime)
cab
45j raJcada u (ijS'j ruküd) to be motionless,
^\j» maräkibi pl. maräkibiya boat-
still, Btagnant
man; ferryman
ijfj ruküd suapenaion, Btandstül, Stag-
a
t_-0" torjfcift pl. -Ä, l-.-Tl_r" taräife*& fitting
nation; aluggishness; stillneas, tranquil-
in, insertion, Betting; building in; faaten-
lity
ing, mounting; assembling, assembly; fi-
-lT lj räkid stagnant ; Bluggish
nal asaembly; installation (e.g., of a tele-
phone extenaion); composition; making,
jTj ralcaza u i (rakz) to plant or ram in the
preparation (out of several components
ground, aet up (* a.tb., e.g., a pole); to
or ingredients) ; construction, building
fix, embed firmly {* s.th.) II to plant or
(techn. ; etructure ; Constitution, build,
ram in the ground, set up, (* a.th., e.g., a
phyßique; — (pl. ^~S~\J taräkxb 9) phrase, pole); to position, emplace (* s.th.); to
idiom; construction (gram.)
fix, embed firmly (* s.th.); to cauBe to
take root, naturalize {* s.th.); to con-
fffj iarkibi constructive, conatruc-
tional centiate (* s.th., also one's thoughts, j
on) V to concentrate; jO" tarakkaz ready I

i_jt£ljl irlikäb perpetration (of a ein or

(atarter's command; athlet.) VIII to be im-
crime)
planted ; to settle permanently, stay ( j at
«_J*1j räkib riding, on horseback, mount- a place); to lean, Support one's weight (J*
ed; riding, traveling (in a vehicle); (pl. or Jl on); to be faatened, be mounted J*
(

<_jSj rukkab, uL5j rukbän) rider, horse- on); to bebased, rest (J* on); to concen-
man; (pl. <-j|T; rukkäb) pasaenger, oc- trate (j on); to gravitate (j to)

cupant (of a conveyance) | **-!_)> t-^Li

jS'j rikz sound, tone
r. darräja cyclist
•j5"j rakza pause, rest, break
^jfj* mar hüb pl. l^-TI^,* Tnaräkib 2
riding animal, mount; (eg., ayr.) red- jKj rikäz pl. •jfjl arkiza, öljfj rikzän
leather shoes | v^O* ji^ a &** m -
( effO precious minerals, buried treasures of
shoebill (Balaenicepa rex; zool.) the earth

oLT^ murakkiböi components, con- »jfj rakiza pl. jTKj rakä'tz 2 treasure;
atituents, elementa, ingredients (esp. support, brace, shore, stanchion; pillar,

ehem.) pier; post, pile; ahoring

i-S'j» murakkab mounted, faatened, j5^* markaz pl. jSl^ maräkiz* foot-
fixed (J* on); fitted, inserted, aet (j in); hold; stand, Station; place where s.o.

built-in; assembled; made up, oomposed, is poated or stationed; poat; {police, eto.)
 ;;; ;

/; 358

Station; office, branch office (com.); l rTj Till to

_
sufFer a setback, be thrown
locality where s.th. takes place, soene, back; to decline, degenerate, be degener-
site, Beat; position {mil.); headquarters ate ; to become stunted, atrophy
raain office, central offioe; central ex-
change (telephone); center (of a circle
j^j rakatja u (ralaf) to race, rush, run; to
run away; to gallop (intrans., said of a
and fig.); focus; markaz, an administra-
horse, and trans. * a horse) III to race
tive district (subdivision of a mudiriya,
(» s.o.), run a race (• with) VI to com-
Eg.) ; position, Situation, office, post;
pete in a race; to run fast
(social, financial, official, etc.) Status,

standing; power, position (of a country); (j^Bj rakkät} runner, racer

Situation |
^L-l j5^ (asM) starting
tjijS'j ralcüd fast-running, swift
point, basis; ,j~J>J' jC- Police Station;

<ij^- j5"'j* (hayawiya) vital Centers «5"j raka'a a (fj?j ruJbü*) to bend the body,
•jbl/ £j» m. al-idära main office, cen- bow (esp. in prayer); to kneel down,
tral office, headquarters; - 1 -Ol jf^. m. drop to one's knees II and IV to make
ad-da the seat of the disease; O jC-* (• s.o.) kneel down
«*lj*l/l m. al-itfä'a broadcaBting Station;
ÄmTj rak'a pl. raka'ät a bending of the
iS
~~uj
fij* main office, headquarters; ßj*
torso from an upright position, followed by
<- \jj\ m. ar-riyäsa central command
two prostrations (in Muslim prayer ritual)
post ; lJ
iU- 1 *- L j jS^. m. riyäsat ai-jaiS

Supreme Command of the Anny (Eg.); tS"\j räki* pl. Sj rukka bowing to
JjUI iil*j jS3— m. ri'äyat af-fiß health the ground
center for children (Eg.) ; 5jJjJi-l <£-JI j5"j*

J$j rakala u (rakl) to kick (» s.o., * s.th.)

m. as-sikka (U-hadidiya railroad junc-
tion; il^JJl fij» m. aS-hirfa police Sta- *£j rakla (n. vic.) kick
tion ; jLJ j5^* (niyäbi) parliamentary
f_> rakama u (rahn) to pile up, heap up,
Beat, mandate; O -^>^ jO* power
accumulate, amass (* s.th.) VI to accu-
Station
mulate, be heaped up; to pile up, gather
(^j5^* markazi central; district (used
=
(clouds) VIII VI
attributively); tSjO*^ O centrifugal; de-
$"j rakam pile, heap
centralized (administration)

>>Sj rukäm pile, heap; lump; cumulus

öj5^ markaziya centralism ; central-
clouds
ity, central position or Situation; h^j^
decentralization O fj» markam pl.
f\j*
maräkim*
storage battery
'jSj tarlctz setting up; installation

implantation, establishment, naturaliza- f\j taräkum accumulation

tion; concentration |
>Sjj' JWr jahäx
jTj Takana u (üjS'j rukün) and rakina a
at-t. stabilizer (techn.)
to lean, support one's weight (Jl on); to
jfl j taräkuz concentricity down, become or be calm; to
quiet

jKjjl irtikäz support trust (Jl in), rely (Jl on); to be de-
pendent, have to rely (Jl on) j
Jl {ß~j
£,+ murakkaz concentrated, central-
»jXi\ to remain calm IV to trust (Jl s.o.),
ized; O Condensed
rely (
Jl on), place one's confidence ( Jl in)

j5""l j* mvtaräkix conoentric to resort (Jl to) | «Jl jO (yurkanu) reli-

 »

>•->

able, dependable, trustworthy VIII to ii-.j ramat pl. iLjl armä/ log raft

lean, rechne, support one's weight (Jl or

*, ramo/w a (ramA) to pierce, tranafix (with
> on) a lance; • s.o.); to gallop (horse)
^S"j rukn pl. üLTjI arkän support,
^Ljl armäA
nook basis, basic ele- fj rumh pl. T-L.J rimäh,
prop ; corner ; ;

lance, pike; spear, javelin; pole | £j\ jj

ment, first principle ;
pl. üLijl staff
ramy ar-r. javelin throwing (athlet.)
(mit.); basic elements, chief elements |

*~>ji-\ ülfjl a. al-harb general staff (mü.); j-L*j rammäh pl. • lancer; uhlan

JJf .\ jS*jl a. al-jaii do.; jSaA-I u&jl ^-Jj *lj]l ii^JI <w-«mäi ar-rämiA Arc-
i

chief of general staff; Olfj^l J-jof ßtrong turus (tMfron.)

build, stuxdy
X.J ramida a (ramad) to have sore eyes; to be
jTj rufcni: i-^J ^j~* (#"*«) corner
inflamed (eye) II to burn to aahes, in-
kick (soccer)
cinerate (* s.th.) V to burn to ashes, be-
,>r, ratin firm, steady, confident, im- come ashes
perturbable; grave, calm, sedate
x»j ramad Ophthalmia, inflammation of
jjTj rukün reliance, confidence, truet the eyes; eye diaeaae ~*- ±*j (hvbaiU)
| iS

trachoma, granulär Conjunctivitis; jil—

j5*_^ mirlcan pl. jj$*ij* maräfctn* washtub
XijJI musta&fä r-r. eye clinic
L5"l_^ muräiana (tun.) betrothal, en-

gagement tfX>j ramadi and j-Uj <~

ri^ ophthal-
mologist, oculist
jSjl iriän reliance, confidence, trust
X>j ramid sore-eyed
JjS*j rakwa pl. rakatoät (syr.) small coffee
Xäj\ armad3 sore-eyed
pot of copper, having a long handle
iL*j ramad, pl. S-Ujl armida ashee |

*j mmma u i (ramm, <>ja maramma) to

aUJ\ »1*>jI arbi'ä* ar-r. or jLJI ^j yaum
repair, overhaul (* s.th.); — » (ramm, ar-r. or jL^JI -L* 'Ja* ar-r. Ash Wednesday
i*jrimma) to decay; to rot II to decay; (Chr.); aLJ\ j £* (lit.: to blow into
to rot V to be ropaired, undergo repair cold aahea, i.e.) to engage in futile under-

ramm repair takings, set out on a wild-goose ohase

l»j

aZ-(wnön c&ries jjLj ramädi aahen, ash-colored, ash-

#, ramm: öL-'ill pj r.

(med.) gray

i*j rtmma cadaver X-*J larmld cremation, incineration

*l.j- M-rummofiAi whole, complete, en- j*j ramaza u i (ramz) to make a sign, to

tire |
l^j <Ljj-* all Syria wink, nod, motion; to point (Jl to), in-

dicate (Jl s.th.); to symboüze, repreeent

*.j ramim decayed, rotten; fl-j ro«
or exprese symbolically (
Jl s.th.) ; to
1
mä'im decaying bonea
designate J or (^-> Jl s.th. with a dis-
j»L.j rumäm decayed, rotten tinguishing mark)

Iaja maramma pl. -ä( repair; shipyard

>j ramz pl. jj»j rumüz sign, nod, wink,
(Tun.) motion; hint; allusion, intimation; alle-

v-J" tarmtm pl. -öi repair, overhauling, gory; riddle; eymbol, symbolio figuro,

restoration emblem, character; secret sign, code sign

 ;

j*-> 360

tfj-j ramzl symbolic(al); in code, in bare ezistenoe; to allay s.o.'s hunger;

cipher
J*J j*-* J«*
'oiä äkiri ramaqxn at the
point of death; on the verge of exhaustion,
oljj-j ramziyät oipher, code
on one's last legs
J^-Ij rämüx pl. j^'jj nnümtV speoi-
3y>j* marmüq regarded, looked at;
men, sample; O faosimile
noted, of note; remarkable, notable, sig-
mßj
%J
ramasa i u (rams) to bury (• s.o.); nificant, important; lofty, proud
to cover, effaoe, wipe out (* tracks)
liLjl arma&, f. »K*j ramfcr* ashen, ash-gray
VIII »Uli
j jj^cj I to be immersed in
water S£*j ramaka pl. -äl, fJLj rimäk, iJLjl
annale mare
%J
mAj rame pl. ^j-j rumfi*. ^Ujl armäs
grare, tomb
J-j II to sprinkle with sand (a s.th., so as
f^müs grare, tomb to blot it) IV to beoome a widower or a
lK>*'j
widow V = IV
^j ramakt t w to take with the fingertips (a
s.th.); to wink, blink J-j raml pl. JLj rimäl sand | J-^l 1*
*üm ar-r. or J-^il u^i ifarb ar-r. geo-
,^1-j ramaS inflammation of the eyeüds, mancy (divination by means of figures or
Conjunctivitis lines in the sand)

4-L-j ram£a blink, wink

J*j ramli sandy, sabulous; sand- (in
Compounds) <Lj *pL eandgl&ss, hour-
J*j rimi pl. ^^.j rumfiJF eyelashes |

glass
,jm*j rama$ white secretion (of the eye)
J-j ramal name of a poetical meter

i/«*j VIII to be consumed by grief and sorrow JL.J rammdl geomancer

j-i-j ramo^ parchedness, acorchednees J-jl armaP pl. JJjl arämü* widower
(eep. of the ground due to ezcessire heat)
5Ljl armeüa pl. JJjl arämiP, ILljl
•Uä*j roffl^S' 1 sun-baked ground arämiia widow
j

jUL »Li.^1 ^ jUw*l approx.: to jump <L>jm mirmala sandboz

out of the frying pan into the fire

J-_/ tarammul widow(er)hood

üUaoj ramatfän 1 Ramadan, the ninth
month of the Muslim calendar I jUj rumtnän (coli.; n. im. •) pomegranate;
üLj knob, pommel; (pl. -ät), i^-ü <»Lj
t>j ramaqa u (romg) to regard (a, • s.o.,
(yoiaunya) hand grenade
s.th.), glance, look (*, * at) II to stare,

gaze (*, * at); to perform (* work) per- j-jl and ,j.jl look up alphabetically
functorily and negligently, botoh (* a l
ut» ranuS • (ramy, iLj rimäya) to throw,
job); to keep (• s.o.) barely alive V to
wait (* for an opportunity, and the like)
oast (>, ^ s.th.) ; to fling, hurl (*, ^ s.th.)
to tosa away, throw down (*, <~> s.th.);

J*j ramaq pl. JL>ji armäq (last) spark to throw aside, toss asido, discard, lay
of life, breath of life | *Ä*j i- aadda ra* aside (*, ^ s.th.); to shoot, fire; to pelt,
maqahü to keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive, hit, bombard (l-> » s.o. with), shoot, fire
eke out a living, manage to keep body and (k~> • at s.o. with); to oharge (_» • s.o.
soul together; to provide s.o. with a with), aecuse (t-» • s.o. of), blame, re-
 361 d»->

proach (w • s.o. for); to aim, drive, be AJ tarämin vastnees, expanae | i/Lr

aimed (Jl at), have in view, purpoee, J»I^V' vast expanae, vastnees
intend (Jl s.th.), be out for (Jl);
Aj rämin pl. SLj rumäh throwing;
with ö<j; to sow disaension among or
marksman rifleman
thrower, hurler ; ;

between ^jü jti*> «Lj fjalaq) he fired a

|
[Syr. t mü.) |
i/[^l Sagittarius (astron.);
shot at him; >--iIU <Jj (?»*&) to practice
t/l^t -^ sahm ar-r. Sagitta [aatron.);
divination VI to pelt one another; to
i_i.l
B l
t/lj flame thrower
throw o.s. to the ground, proetrate o.a.,
Aju» mvtarämin wide, extensive i/lj«
fall to the ground; to throw o.a., fling |

to plunge, rush, throw o.e. J»1_^VI vast, huge

o.s.(J* on);
(j into B.th.); to be vast, extend far '«-Jj 1°°^ U P alphabetically
into the distanoe; to come, get (Infor-
mation, report, news; Jl to s.o.) | ^j\j üj ranna % (joj ronin) to ory, wail, lament;
throw at
J* (qadamaihi) to to resound; to echo; to ring
o.s.
V- *4

s.o.'s feet; ^Iji Cr* d^S (girä'aihi) to

ÄJj ranna pl. -dt soream; aound; re-
throw o.b. into s.o.'s arms; *j \j\j UWU
verberation, echo
l».u* ('ahduhä) a feeling that he had known

long, long ago, a feeling which lay far jslj ranln lament, wailing; aound; re-

behind him; jl LJI *j\j we have re- verberation, echo; resonance; ring

ceived word that ... Till to throw o.s.

mirnän ring-
üLj rannän and o\Jj*
bed, on or to the
(J» on, e.g., on the ing, reaounding; reaonant; reverberating,
ground); to fling o.a., fall (Jp upon s.o.),
echoing
throw o.a., plunge (j into s.th.); to
have down and lie proetrate
fallen ; to lie, O *^j rannäna tuning fork {min.)
sprawl (> on) >jVI Jl JJ |
to fall
^ij\ and iJj' 1°°^ U P alphabetioally
to the ground, tumble

fjllto make dizzy, make stagger, send

lO ramy (act or procesa of) throwing,
al-harba reeling (• b.o.); to £j sway (* s.th.)
Hinging, shooting, etc. |
Äj^J» 1 jü *"• |

*" al-^urf
*iLLci (o'fd/aAfl) workup s.o.'s feelings,
to
javelin throwing, ,j-»>»Jl t/j
^L^L L«j Aie\ send s.o. into a frenzy T to stagger, reel,
discuB throwing [athlet);
totter, sway; to ahake, rock «llutl C-* y
i'däm ramyan bi-r-rapäfi execution before |

(a'(ö/uAü) to get into one'a stride, be-

a firing squad
come ecstatio, be carried away; to bo
i-.j ramya (n. vio.) throw, toss, fling;
beside o.s.
ahot |
plj j*t 4> VJ VJ rubba ramyatin
4*j* marnaha prow (of a ship)
min gairi rämin many a ahot is without
a (akilled) markaman (proverbially, of
»-ü» randaha to scan (verse)
unexpected or undeaerved succeas)
jy II to cloud, muddy (* water); to blur,
4«.j ramlya pl. bUj ramäyä game
dim (* the eyes; said of sleep); to halt,
animal (being shot at or already killed)
stop, ßtop over, atay; to look, glance (j£-
marman pl. Aj* marämin aim, toward or at B.th.) Jl Jti\ Jy (nazara)
ijjA |

end, purpose; goal [athlet.); ränge (of a to keep looking at, atare at
gun); reach, extent j-J\ ^jl*- goal-
|

JÖ ranq turbid, clouded (water)

keeper; JiJl jy m. an-nazar ränge of
vision, field of vision jJjj raunaq glamor, aplendor, beauty
 ;

362

jO II and V to sing (^ a song); to intone £*j rahj, rahaj dust

(t_j a song); to recite in a singsong voice,
J»»j rahafa a to gobble, gulp greedily
chant {t_j s.th.)

*~jj tarnima torönim 8 Ja»j roAf, raAa/ pl. .LUjI orAä/, L»jl
pl. -jl/ hymn,
anthem; ßong; a kind of chanting arAuf, J»»ljl arähif 1 , .L-aIjI ardAt/ 1 group
reo-
itation; (of people), band, troop
little story reoited in a sing-
song voice; little song Ja»j raAf pl. J.Uj rtAdf leather loin-
cloth
(>j) Lj'j ranä u to gaze, look (Jl at s.th.)

ij»»j rahufa u (*iUj rahäfa) to be thin;

Jj II and IV to please, delight (• s.o.)
to be sharp (sword); — roÄa/o a (raA/)
*--»j rahiba a (rahab, ruhb, <j>j rahba) and IV to make thin {* s.th.); to make
to be frightened, be afraid; to fear, dread sharp, ßharpen (* s.th., esp. fig.) | i_i*jl

(* s.o.) | aJL- ^»j see *_JU- II to üiVl (wtfn) to prick up one's ears (üiUI
frighten, acare, alarm, intimidate (« s.o.) so as to catch the words of s.o.), i_i*jl
IV = II; to terrorize (• s.o.) V to threaten (Jl) J £*JI (aam') to listen oloeely to

(• s.o.); to beoome a monk, enter mo-

ij»»j rahif thin
nastic lifo (Chr.)
iji-»j rahif thin; slender, slim; ßharp-
<j>j rahba fear, fright, alarm, terror;
ened, sharp
awe
JiUjI irhäf sharpening
^j rahbä, ruhbä fear
<-**j* murhaf thin, fine; sharpened,
•~>**j rahbüt great fear, fright, terror
sharp | _
l rX\ C**j* m. al-hiss delicate,

t_- s *j rahib dreadful, awful, fearful, sensitive

terrible; solemn, grave

J*j rahiqa a (rahaq) to come over s.o. or
>_—>y tarhib intimidation s.th. (*, .), overtake (*, . s.o., s.th.) III to
approach (* an age); to approach the
V^*j' irhäb intimidation, frightening
threatening; terror, terrorism (pol.); Sab-
age of sexual maturity; to be adolescent
IV to bring down (* • upon s.o. s.th.),
otage
make (• s.o.) undergo or suffer (* s.th.):
J Ujl irhäbi terrorist(ic) ; Sabotage to oppress, bürden, overburden (• s.o.,
(used attributively) (pl. -ün) terrorist
;
»-* with s.th.), lie heavily, bear down
•~*j tarahhub monasticism, monastio (• on s.o.) |
Li»- *i»jl (jagban) to tug at
lifo (Chr.) s.o. violently or too violently

üL»j ruhbän monk U»lj- murähaga puberty

V*'j rähib pl. (Chr.)

*-*lj rähiba pl. -ät nun (Chr.)

JUjI irhäq pressure, oppreasion; sup-
pression; heavy load (e.g., of work)
<-*>*/* marhvb terrible, dreadful
i>i^* murähiq adolescent
j*»j II tarahbana to beoome a monk, enter
J*j- mwhig oppressive (bürden, heat)
monastic Iife (Chr.)

^ij^j rahbana and v^J fahbänlya mo- ^j rahila a to be flabby, soft; to be bloated,

nasticism ; monastio Order, congrega-

fat (flesh, body) V do.

tion (Chr.)
J*j rahil flaccid, flabby, soft
 ; ;
;

363 <-»J

J*j.
tarahhul obesity, fatness pending od | <-*j uE" (roAtnaAü) to be
under Obligation to s.o.; to be dependent
J*jw mutarahhü flaccid, flabby, soft;
on s.o.
bloated, fat
ii>j rahlna pl. ^/Uj rahain* pawn,
*>j rikma pl. >j riAam, /»Uj riAäm drizzle,
pledge, aecurity; hoatage; mortgage, hy-
lasting fine rain
pothec
jkj- marham pl. >lj- mardAim 1 salve,
üUj rihän bet, wager; competition,
ointment; oream, cold cream; pomade
oonteat

j*j raAawt a (raAn) to pawn, depoait as se- Iim\j* murähana pl. -ät bet, wager
curity (* s.th., x* or • with b.o.); to
j,*lj rähin pledger, mortgagor; fixed,
mortgage {* real estate) III to bet, lay a
established, certain; lasting, permanent;
wager {• with s.o.,
Jp on, that ...) IV to
current; present, actual |
<uljJl <J»jjWI
depoait in pledge, give aa a aecurity,
present circumstanoes; i>l^l «JU-I the
pawn (* s.th.) VIII to receive or take
present oondition; the status quo
in pledge, aa a aecurity (^* * s.th. from
s.o.); to pawn, depoait in pledge (* a.th.); Oj>j- marAün pawned, pledged, mort-
to make (* s.th.) subject (^ to), make gaged, given as security; subject (<~i to) |

(* B.th.) conditional (^ on); pasa.: ur- L^LjjL; *Jj*j* jj*1/l (bi-auqätihä) there is

tuhina to be subject (^ to) | v *-* i>tj' a time for everything

(nafsahü) to pledge o.a. or dedicate o.a.
jfj» murtahin mortgagee, pledgee
to the cause of X to demand as a aecurity
pawnbroker
(* • from s.o. a.th.)
1
(j*j) I-*j r °Ää u (rahw) to amble
j»j rahn pawning, mortgaging, pledg-
ing; — (pl. ü>»j ruhün, OÜ_>»j ruhünät, jhj rahw quiet, calm, peaceful, trän-
üUj rihän) pawn, pledge; aecurity (y for quil; atillness, calm, peace, tranquillity

a.th.); hoatage; mortgage, hypothec; j^j (pl. *Uj rihä*) crane {zool.)

u dependingon, conditional on, subject to ü jy»j raAtwItt ambler (horse) pal-

— rahna (prep.) pending; depending on,
frey
;

conditional on; subject to, liable to |

C^iJjMj
J* mahaü r.pawnshop; <ljUl j*j >.UJI ar-ruhä' the city of Urfa (Gr. Edessa)
rahna i&äratihi at s.o. 's beck and call;
üj>j rahwana and II tarahwana to amble
*j/Lt- j^j r. saifaratihi under s.o. 's power
(horae)
or dominion; iJ'i j-*j l-L* this de-
pends on that; **^*1 j»j ÄJudl al-mas* üi^*jaee^*j
'ala r. htimämihi the problem is being
1
(t
rjj J ) t^lj rö6a u (raub) to curdle (milk)
given every attention by him; j^i—JI £ijl
II and IV to (cause to) curdle (* milk)
J-Ä««Ji j*j üdi'a s-sijna rahna t-tahqiq he
was taken into cuBtody pending in- t-^jj raub curdled milk, curds
vestigation
i^Jij rä'ib curdled (milk)

i_i*j rahniya mortgage (deed)

'VJJ (^r. "**) ** P'- v'jj' aruwö dressing
,>»j rahin pawned, mortgaged, pledged, gown
given as security; held in pledge; ae-
curity (v for); responsible (v fc> r ); LSLjLjjj (It. ro6o vweAta) rö&oWHyä: aJIj

subject (v to); (prep.) subject to, de- LS^-jIjjjJI junk dealer

 j;

v*-> 304

t+tjj raubafia sleepwalking, somnambulism haart, the spirits); — rayyaha to give

{• s.o.) rest, make {* s.o.) relax, make (•
^jMijJ taraubuf aleepwalkiiig, somnam-
s.o.) oomfortable, provide reat and rec-
bulism
reation {* for s.o.); to reat (* e.g., *-*-*

Jijj rubel ruble one's eyes) j *—ü j» ^jj to find reo-

reation, relax, amuse o.a. in to go in
«jjj räblya pl. -at rupee
the evening (• to s.o.); to alternate, vary

rfiWmyd Buthenia (
jo between two things) IV ~jj\ arwaha
i-J^JJ
to stink, smell bad; — ^Ijl aräha to give
(tl'jj) i» lj räja u (rauj) to drop düng (• s.o.) rest, let (* s.th.) rest; to deliver,re-

£ijj rottf (coli.; n. un. ») pl. £>\jj\ ar*

lease (,>. • s.o. fromj; to put ( s.o.) at
ease, soothe (* the heart, or the like);
wäf düng, droppings (of hone, oamel,
and the like)
to relieve, free (• s.o., ,>. of), ease (,> •

for s.o. s.th.); to do (• s.o.) a good turn,

l
(rJj) £'-> ^J u (r'jJ «»wä?) to be spread, gladden (<-* • s.o. with), make ( s.o.)

oirculate, be ourrent; to find a good kappy (v °y) I .> *-** r^J {nafsahü) to
market, seil well, be in demand (mer- find reoreation from, relax from V to
ohandiae) ; to be or become briak, piok up fan o.s. (i*-jjil bi-l-mirwaha with the
(market); to be at band, be avsilable fan) VI to fiuctuate, alternate, vary
(J for s.o.) II to spread (* rumors, news, (
ju between ; eep. with two figures fol-
eto.), circulate, put into oiroulation (* lowing); to intervene, lie (Ju between two
s.th.; ourrenoy, rumors, news, etc.); to events) VIII to find rest (,>. from);
posh the sale (* of s.th.), open a market to rest, relax, find recreation; to be
(* for an artide); to seil, bring on the satisfied, be pleased ( Jl with s.th.), agree,
market (* an artiole) ; to promote, further consent ( Jl to s.th.); to like (J or Jl s.th.),

(*, J s.th.); to make Propaganda (J for), be happy, be glad (J or Jl about s.th.) |

propagate (J s.th.) öjj*J ^UjI to be happy to be of service,

like doing favors X rjJ*- istarwaha to
'

r}jj rawäj oiroulation; marketability,

inhale air, breathe; to smell, sniff (* s.th.)
salability; salee
to be refreshed (Jl by or with s.th.); —
^jjl arwaj* more widespread, more ^Ijf-i istaräha to be calm; to beoome
common; better selling oalm; to find rest; to take a rest, have
£jj- tarwij spreading, propagation, a break; to be refreshed (Jl by or with
oiroulation; aale, distribution (of an artiole s.th.); to rest, relax (,> from); to be

of commerce); promotion, furtheranoe delivered, be saved (,> from), be re-

lieved (j* of); to oalm down, relax;
4\j rttij oirculating, ourrent; univer-
to rely (Jl on); to be happy, be glad (
Jl
sal, widespread, common; salable, mar-
about), be pleased (Jl with)
ketable, in demand, selling well (merohan-
dise); briak (business, market) ^ lj räh wine

£j rih f. (occasionally m.) pl. Ai_

jrjj (Fr.) rüi rouge
riyäh, r}jj\ arwäh, -Lijl aryäh wind;
(^jj and £j) ^lj räha u (^Ijj ratoäh) to go faxt; smell, odor | r\±j ^i I abü r. weather
away, leave, go; (with foll. imperf.) to vane; soareorow; *4j c^Si* aakanat rf-

begin, set out to do n rawxvaha to fan AuAu to expire, beoome obsolete, fall

(air); to refresh, animate, revive (* the into oblivion; *^j £** habbat rihuhü
 ;

366
CiJ
he waa in olover, be was in luok's Au rayyäh pl. -Öl {eg.) large Irrigation
way; £j\ *• <_-*J to go with the wind, oanal, main canal (in the Egyptian irri-

vonish gation System)

£j rayyify windy rjj \ arwdh* more calming, more

soothing
-rjj ruh m. and f., pl. Ajj\ arwäh breath
gun t/zj' aryahi generous, liberal, open-
of life, soul; Bpirit (in all aenses);

barrel ^Xill rjj r. al-quds {gudua), also handed

|

^oSJi £jj\ the Holy Ghost; v £jj V 5-^jf aryahiya generoeity, liberality,

(rüha) Bpiritleas, insipid, inane ; <Jui«£- munificenoe

*y^ll Hkable, amiable, oharming; J-iJ sweet basü (Oci-
üU^j raihän (coli.)
-j^ll dull, boring, unpleaaänt (person);
mum basilicum; bot.); (pl. 0^-^J rayä*
r-o" Ji^ long-suffering, patient; L*^- hin') aromatio plante | o\*J\ Ji qalam
r'jJ^ J* {£* r an ) dangerl (on warning ar-r. or JU^I JLiJl (ratAöni) a highly
aigns)
decorative style of Ärabio calügraphy

(jrjj rüAf apirituous; apiritual; pl. -<K Jl*-jj rühäni spiritual, immaterial;
spiritual things | vvj ^^*~ State (or
diVlne, sacred, holy; (pl. -fin) olergyman,
frame) of mind; <*-jj cAijjl* alcoholio minister {Chr.)
beverages, spirits
«Jl*-jj rüAdntya spirituality; trana-
rauh refreshment
CJJ figuration

"**-jj ravha pl. -SA journey or errand in *-\j+ maräh place visited in the evening;
the evening — muräh, also maräh pasture; daytime
paature
'**- lj räha rest, repose ; recreation
ease, leisure; vacation; oomfort; (pl. -ät, **-jj* mirwaha pl. rj\j* maräunh* fan;

r}-> ™W P8^ °f the hand, band | *»-\J\j

Ventilator; O propeller ]
,j*jX\ «»-j^ll

leisurely, gently, alowly, at one's ease; (i^) palm-Ieaf fan; ^^J-'l «*-jj* m. al-
i*-lj JSo unhurriedly, leisurely; easily, jpaif punkah, a oanvae-oovered frame

with ease; 5*- 1^1 <i~u bau ar-r. water closet, suspended from the eeiling for fanning

ol.u* a room
toüet; i*-\J\ vV*' luxury; <*-\J\
mu'iddäi ar-r. oonvenienoes; **-\J\ *ji O r}jj* mirufäh fan; Ventilator {mar.)
fatrat ar-r. pause, rest, break, recess;
Ajj* miryäh causing flatulence (food)
fjÄU-l i*-lj r. al-httlqüm Turkish de-
light; JlJI i*-lj r. al-yad palm of the £jj ianmh fanning; Ventilation, air-

hand ;
^ JiJI i*- lj r. al-qadam sole of ing; refreshment; diversion, amusement
the foot (also ^1 j* £jj>\)

i*ij rtÄa smell, odor *4jJ tarwihai ,jJü *4jJ t. nafe walk,
stroll
*-»-jj rüAiya spirituality; mentality,
mental attitude, frame of mind
^jlj^l »tJL« patät at-tardwih prayer
performed during the nights of Ramadan
r\jj rawäh departure; going, leaving;
pjj." taryih {eg.) installation; fitting in,
return, return trip (as opposed to *l*);
insertion
rest, repose | **-\jjj *j-& S {gvdüwthi)
(lit. : in bis coming and going, i.e.) in j-LJjl irtiyäh satisfaction, gratification;

everything he did pleasure; joy, delight

 ;

~)J 366

^Ijjwl istirwäh airing, Ventilation; air drive (Jl at s.th., ,> with s.th.); to be
intake; reepiration | <jj-L* r'j^-l (wd* out (Jl or a for), be bent (Jl or * on);
ri) pneumothoraz (med.) to mean (« s.o., * s.th., i_j by); to have

i*-l_r-l wfiröAa rest, repose, relaxation,

s.o. (•) in mind with s.th. (<^>), aim at
recreation ; — (pl.- ät) intermission, recess,
s.o. (•) with s.th. (<^>); to have (good or
evil) designs (*) on s.o. (<-«)» intend or
pause, rest, break; public reethouse (for
plan to do s.th. (*) with s.o. (.-.); to be
travelers; Eg.)
on the point (* or jl of doing s.th.), be
*Mj rä'ih: jUj f\j (gädin) going back about (a or jl to do s.th.); to urge,
and forth, Walking up and down
induce, prompt (J* • s.o. to do s.th.) |

irf-lj rä*iha pi. ^ljjrowa'iA*odor,Bmell; jl *j jIjI by thifl he meant that ...; he

fragrance, perfume; pl. £\jj perfumes;
understood it to mean that . . . ; \j>- *j jljl

flavoringB (e.g., those used in baking) (kairan) to wish s.o. well; jl *jljl
J*
to seek to induce s.o. to (do s.th.); jljl
£_,» murih restful, reposeful; calming,
«*Ul he was on his way to the capital;
Boothing; cozy; comfortable; flatulent
|
*(5-^'
J* *—** J 'j' (na/wAü) he tried to
fcj* iS -^ (*«r«) armchair; club chair,
bring himself to do it VIII to repair, be-
easy chair
takeo.s. (* toa place); toexplore (»s.th.)
r\j* muräh see above under maräh
jjj raitd exploration
rtij* muriäh resting, relaxing ; re-
öL j riyäda exploration
lated, calm, serene; reassured, satis-

6ed, content; pleased, delighted

Ioj j j ruwaidan slowly, gently, leisurely
t^j* |
|

JUI at ease, relaxed, serene, tranquil; Wjj '-4jj gradually, slowly, by and by;
j^-UJl rtij* of peaceful mind, nndisturbed iiojjj ruwaidaJca take it easy! slowly!

by scruples ijj* mirwad pl. ajl_^ maräwid* pencil,

£_r—• muttarih resting, relaxing; re- little stick (originally for applying kohl

laxed, calm, reassured to the eyelids)

r'_r—• mustaräh water closet, toilet •ilji iräda will, volition; wish; desire;
(pl. -ät) irade, decree (of a ruler) ; will
1
{*jj) ilj räda u (raitd) to walk about, power »alj^l <_ >- (hamba) at will
{

move about, prowl; to look, search (*

jjljl irädi intentional, wili?ol, vol-
for s.th.) III to seek to win (J* • s.o.
untary
for s.th.), try to entice or tempt (J* •
s.o. to do s.th.}; to approach, accost aLJjl irtiyäd viait (to a place); ex-
(» s.o.); to seek to alienate or Iure away ploration
j* * s.o. from) ; to attempt to seduce
( -iJlj rä'id pl. jIjj ruvnväd visitor; scout,
(U a woman) <JÜ j* »sj\j to seek to
|
reconnoiterer ; boy scout ; explorer ; leader
tempt s.o. IV to want (* s.th., jl to do
major (mü.; U.A.R.); precept, guiding
B.th.), wish, have a mind, be willing
principle, rule (of conduct)
(jl to do s.th.); to want to have (* s.th.),
desire, covet (* s.th.), strive {* for B.th);
-Ij j» murid pl. -ün novice (of a Sufi
order); aspirant; adherent, follower, dia-
to be headed, be bound (* for a place);
ciple
to intend (* s.th., jl to do s.th.); to
aim (Jl or * ji with s.th. at), purpose, jlj- muräd wanted, desired, intended;
have in view (* &, by B.th. s.th.); to deBign, purpose, intention
 t>J

promenade X to be or become glad,

happy, cheerful
^}jj rQduä* Rhodos (chief Island of the
i~*jj rawfa pl. ,j0jj rau4, -ät, ^Ijj
Dodecaneee)
riyä4, öUäjj r\4än garden; meadow |

U-jjjj rödisiyä Rhodesia JULVI *->jj (pl. ^^j) kindergarten,

nursery school
(jjj) jlj räza u (rauz) to weigh (*s.th.); to
examine {* s.th.); to consider (* B.th.)
^Lj^I ar-riyä4 Riyadh (oapital of
Saudi Arabia)
<*lJjjj rüznäma almanao
<-»Ljj riyäfa pl. -ät practice, exercise;

H physical exercise, gymnastics; sport;

l
O tfjj (from ^Tj) to point, sharpen
(* s.th.); to taper {* s.th.); to supply walk, promenade; relaxation, rest; Spirit-

with a heading or title (* essay, book) ual exercise; oL>Ijj religious exeroises,
devotions (Chr.); mathematics <Ju I^Ijj j

D "<-ijj tarwisa head, heading,

title,
t. nafsiki Walking, promenading; L>Ij Jl
caption
i^Jl (bahta) pure mathematics; *~*\jß
Lä-J^II (ta^bxqxya) applied mathematics;
'w^Jj* mirwäa race track
SJLi*. <-*1jj {'aqliya) exercise of wits, intel-
(j-jjlj* maräwW race horses
lectual games
t ar-rüs the RusaianB
U0jJ^ ^Ij j riyäfi sportive, sporU (adj.); (pl.

räi Russian sportsman; matheniatic(al) jt^-l

^jj •ün) j

*r-*^JJ sports news; ,^Ijj J-'j* (muräsü)

4~~jJ\ ar-rüaiya the Russian language sports
sports reporter; ^J^iß k-*l*IVI

L-j j rünyä Russia | »Li-Jl L-j j

oL^Ijj riyätjiiyM mathematics
(&av#ä*) Byelorussia

fjMtjj tarwt4 sports

f~jj (It. arroato) ftutf, >^*jj «J- (ioAm) fried
meat; roast («•jj) *\j raa u (rau') to frighten, scare,

alarm (• s.o.); to startle, surprise (• s.o.);

jZjj rau&m pl. j-iljj roiüäiin 1 skylight,
to awaken fl.o.'s (•) admiration, appeal
scuttle
(» to s.o.), please, delight, thrill (• s.o.) |

(l^jj) t^b u (™tf» *-*kj n'itfrfo) to

rd#» iJjjjf VI J*'j L* (iüä maji'uka) your arriv-
tarne, domesticate (* an animal); to break al has beea a complete surprise to me
in, train (* an animal); to train, coach II and IV to frighten, scare, alarm, awe
(• s.o.); to pacify, placate (• s.o.) |
*-Jü ^Ij (• s.o.) V and VIII to be frightened, be
to practice (J* s.th.), exercise o.b. {
J* in) alarmed {j* at, by)
II = I; to tarne, regulato (* e.g., a river)
9jj rau* fright, alarm, dismay, fear;
make
III to seek to
V
tractable, try to
— rü* heart, mind, soul | jitjj tf-i*
bring round (» s.o.) to practice, exer-
and dUjj j£- {wkkin) take it
cise o.s. ; — <j*tJ tarayyw/a (denomina-
(haddi*)
to persuade
eaey! relax! apjj j (J-^jI) JJI
tive of i-llj j) to (take a) walk, prome-
b.o., make s.o. believe, talk s.o. into be-
nade; to do physical exercise, go in for
lieving (Ol that), inspire (* s.th.); J**-
Sports VI to haggle, bargain (with one
*pjj it occurred to him, it came to his
another, over & price) Till to practice,
mind
exeroise o.a.; to train o.s., school o.s.
(uj on or by meana of); to (take a) walk, 9jj rawa* beauty
 ;

*)J

**jj rau'a fright, alarm, fear; awe; as- aruxtf* more ounning, more in-
f\jj\
toniBhment, surprise; perplexity; charm, sidioiu
beauty, magniflcence, splendor
üUjj rawagän turning off; swerving;
£jj I anm'* more wonderful, more dodging, evasion
marveloua; more charming, more delight-
**j\j* murätoaQa ßly, underhanded deal-
ful; more magnifioent; more obvious,
ings; humbug, triokery; artifice, ounning;
olearer
pl. -dt distortions, prevarications, lies;
^Lji irtiyff alarm, dismay, ehock trioke, wiles

Vlj nj*»' splendid, sdmirable, wonder-

(Jjj) i'j f^qa v (öjj raug) to be clear, be
ful, marvelous, glorious, magnifioent
pure (liquid); to surpass, excel
oharming, delightful; awesome, imposing, (J* s.o.,
prove superior (Je to); to please,
s.th.),
impressive, thrilling; olear aa daylight
j
delight, {» or J s.o., also -c-* j /<
jLfJl lßS\j j fi r. in-nah&r in broad day-
'ainihi s.o.), give s.o. pleasure, appeal
light; *jLS Ulj j /( r. &toWA( in the
to s.o. (*, J, 41^. j) II to olarify, pu-
prime of his years; *m\J\ «JLäJ-I piain
rify, filter (* a liquid) | <*J Öjj (dama-
truth
hü) to refxeah s.o. (drink); to paoify,
**Jlj nT»'a pJ. Jljj rat«?»* 1 an im- plaoate s.o., oool s.o. off; <*Llj! jjj to
poaing thing |
jili ^*lj j r. ai-fann master- make a clearance sale IT to poor out
pieoea of art <* a liquid); to shed, spül (* s.th.); to

make (* a liquid) flow <^j »L jljl

£j_r murawoi' terrible, dreadful, fright- |

ening (mSa wajhihi) to saorifice one's honor,

lose all respect, lose face T to have
£jjm mvravnva* frightened, terrihed,
breakfast
alarmed
Jlj räq pl. ~ät layer, Stratum
gj- mwT dreadful, terrible, horrible
jjj rauq pl. jljjl arw&q portico; hörn
g\3j* murUT frightened, terrified, a-
larmed üjj rüqa beautiful, pretty, handsome
(of persona; for both genders, sing, and
(£jj) fjj räfa « (raitf, OUjj raunQän) to pl.)
turn off, swerve; to dodge, evade (je-,

j> s.o., s.th.), get out of the way of Jljj riwäq, ruwäq pl. üjjl arwiqa

(ü*> *>); rortively to turn away; to go tent; ourtain, soreen; Aap of the tent
away (Jl to), depart, leave (Jl for) III to for proteotion againat the wind (used by

deal in an underhanded, fraudulent Syrian Bedouins) sun roof of mats over

man- ;

a bazaar (*yr.); portico; open

ner (• with s.o.), double-aross ( s.o.); gallery,

to dodge, engage in low triokery, play colonnade, loggia; porch, veranda (*yr.);

fast and looee; to fight with unfair means pavilion of an ezpoaition; living quarters,

(. a.o.) dormitories and workrooms of the

students of AI Aznar University in Cairo,
£Jjj
rawäg dodge, shift, artifioe, aly
divided according to provinoes and na-
triok
tionalities |
«Ijj <-•_/-* **> pitoh one's
t}jJ rauwä^ aly, wily, inaidious, orafty tent, take up quarters, settle down
**ijj ruwai§a dodge, shift, artifioe, Jljj rivtiql fltoio(al); (pl. -fin) a stoio;
aly triok friar; vif./" ar-ritoäqiya Stoioiam
 <s»

Jjjlj räwüq filter (jLjj (Engl.) rfimotizm rheumatism

jyj tarwiq filtration, clarification, pu- •ijjj riwand, Jäj\j rdwaiui rhubarb
rification

4jujJ tarwiqa {tyr.) breakfaet

5*1 jl iräqa pouring out; shedding, \JL« «**«y* *> ( tSJ Tayy* r *yy) to drink one'a

»L-dl Öljl bloodshed fiJl, quenoh one'a thirst; to be irrigated;

apilling |

— rawä i to bring (J# or J b.o.) water,

j!\j rtfiq olear, pure
give (• a.o.) to drink; rawä i (öljj—
llj^II JL mal ar-rök (tg.) publio property, riwäya) to teil, relate (J * a.th. to s.o.),

oommunity property report (# s.th.), give an aooount of (*); to

paas on, transmit (je- * s.th. on the
j
Jjj II to alaver, slobber, drool strength of an authoritative source),

Jljj rutodl alaver, slobbor quote (j» from a source) n to queneh

s.o.'s (•) thirst; to water, irrigate (* a.th.)
»Jjj (Fr. r«e) rtf role
to drink, quenoh
IV to give (* s.o.) a.o.'s

1 *lj rdma u (räum, *\j* maräm) to (•) thirat; to water (* flowers, eto.); to
(*J j)

desire, wish, want, oovet (* a.th.), orave moisten, wet (* B.th.) V to draw, obtain
(* for); to wish {* J b.o. B.th.); to look (j* * s.th. from); to ponder (j a.th.),
reflect (j on) VIII to quenoh one'a
(a for) (Ij- L.
b J* (yurdmu) as well as
|

one oould poasibly wish, in ezcellent thirst; to be supplied with water for

order drink, be given to drink; to be watered,

be irrigated; to draw (on a source, i.e.,
A»i * lj rämaUah Ramallah (town in W to obtain Information from it)
Jordan, N of Jerusalem)
iSj r *yy quenohing (of thirst) ; — riyy,
*jj räum wish, desire moistening,
rayy watering, irrigation ;

|-l^mardmpl. -dt wish, deeire, oraving, wetting

longing; aspiration
ljj rayyan aroma, fragranoe
*{jj\ ar-rüm the Romaeans, the Byzantinea; rauAy thirst-quenohing
,jjj
Byzantium; pl. / IjjV! aUarwdm (the ad-
äjj rawiy final letter, rhyming letter
herents of ) the Greek Orthodox Churoh |

(in Arabio verse); rhyme |

a»-\j iSjj ji
*jj\ j*. bahr ar-r. the Mediterranean
monotonous (song)
yjjj rümi pl. fljjl artuSm Romaean,
»\jj rawä* fresh (water)
Byzantine; Greek Orthodox (Churoh) |

jrjj »iLi (dlk) turkey (ep.); uöj ^rt" t \jj ruwä* prettiness, comeliness, pleas-
(giima) a brand of oheese (ep.) ing appearanoe

Ljj rffm5 and *<jj röma Rome Zjj ravAya deliberation, reflection,

oonsideration **jj j* deliberately, on

<--jj rümiyo Rome |

purpose, *uj j* J* offhand, oaaually

<jl*jj)l ar-rümdn the Romans; the Ro-
*Ajj riwäya pl. -dt tale, narrative; re-
manio peoples
port, aooount; story; novel; play, drama;
jLjj rfimdni Roman; Romanian; Ro- motion pioture, film Üj£ H^JJ muA*
| (

manio tina) tragedy; <Ajj {masrahiya)

LJUjj rümäntyd Romania play, stage play; vti** *iL»j motion pio-
 &J 370

ture, film; '&**«** IAjj (mu^Aiio) oomedy; IT to disquiet, alarm, Btartle, fill with
«-TL* iljj (Qintflya) Oper»; ^ - ^* iljj suspioion or misgi rings ( * s.o.) T to
(qiea&ya, qafafiya) novel ; «JjLx" i lj j (tom- have doubts or misgivings («-», j about),
|iitya) play, dmna; üi»U iljj aound be Buspicious (u or j of) Till to be
film; i-l_> iljj (tazifya) oomedy suspicious, smell a rat; to suspect, doubt,

(jljj rtuxt't novelist; dramatist, play- queation (^ or j s.o., s.th.), have doubts
wright ; author, writer or misgiviugs (ij or j about), waver
doubtfully (jy between) X to be in
«J^iJ «»yyön1 , f. L j royyd, pl. »Ijj riiofl*
doubt, be skeptical (j about), be Bus-
sated with drink; well-watered, well-
picious, bave misgivings, entertain doubts
irrigated; luxuriant, lush, verdaut; fall,
plump (face) ; suooulent, juioy, fresh, t_-;j raib doubt; suspioion; unoertain-

pretty; aeo also alphabetically ty |

ujj ^*j (bi-ld) no doubt, undoubted-
ly, doubtless; <-i ujj V (raiba) there is no
\jj tarwiya deliberation, refleotion,
doubt about it; öjii\
tj J r. al-manün
oonsideration
unprediotable turn of fortune, threaten-
(j'jjl inoä'i irrigational; irrigated ing fate; misfortune

jj tarawwin deliberation, refleotion, i-ij riba pl. <^ij riyab doubt, aus-
con&ideration pioion, miagiving

jlj räwin pl. räwiyün, *ljj ruwäh and i-'lJjl irtiyäb doubt, suspioion, dis-
ijlj rdun'ya pl. Lljj raiodyd transmittor
trust, misgiving
(esp. of ancient Arabio poetry); relater;
narrator, storyteller •~~lj* mvrib arousing suspioion, sus-
pioious
CjL jj* marwiyät tales, stories, reporta
<-?\jj» murtäb doubting, doubtful, akep-
•ilj aee jlj
tioal; doubter, akeptio; (*t or <J) ul'j
Ljj see jlj doubted, questionable, doubtful; Buspeot,
fluspioious | *jA j ^L"> (amrtAi) sus-
picious, suspect, ander saspicion
'05jj nyya = iJj n'o (aee »j) ujw muttarib doubtful, in doubt (j
about); suspioious
.L, sh
Jlj j nydZ pl. -d* riyal, a silver coin : in Eg. = (*J) v' J^— mvstaräb (fiki) suspect, sus-
pioious
20 qirS tfQ (piasters); in Ir. = 200 faU;
lyy IjjL. JIjj Maria Theresa dollar (i^jj) ilj rä$a i (mit) to hesitate, delay,

ob j Riyan (town and airport

tarry T to besitate, tarry, be tardy; to
in S Hadhra-
maut, on Gulf of Aden)
give (u* or j s.th.) long and tborough
consideration ; to stop; to stay, Ungar
«-»tj rtfta to disquiet, alarm,
(i—ij) « (raib) (j at a place); to be patient, bide one's
fill with suspioion or miagivings (• s.o., time, temporize, wait
* about s.th.); to give pause (• to s.o.),
1±jj raifamä (conj.) as long as, while;
make {• b.o.) stop and think (j! that),
when; until
make (• s.o.) uneaay; to oast a suspioion
(* on s.o.), show (» a.o.) in a suapioioua *^ J ^.->>
6J * * &- j * ^-j'» *s*j'i
c^j'»
light; to doubt, question, suspect (* s.th.) ^[jj* Bee ^jj
 ;; •;

371 J
f-

£j (G.) ratfr Reich inj* ^jl artf marfa produotive Und

D^jIj MrT cad&stre; (also -—l—

D ^ri j rayyw (= ^j ra*ti) mate (Eg. naval
j jül)
(ep.)

rank) |
jli/ ^ j (mufntfs) a naval rank
land survey

(approz. : petty offioer 3rd olaas; Eg. 1939) *m\j r&'i'a: jl^Jl *m\j J /l r. tn-noMr
in broad daylight (see also fjj)
D *-Ijj r»yd» (= *-Uj r»*d*i) see ^--b

^-l j riyäaH presidential Jtjj rif pl. «jL j\ aryäf fertile, cultivated
land ; country (as opposed to oity ),

(cri->) l-*'->
pa** * (
f°*') *° provide with conntryside, rural area; «Ju ^Jl or j*** Jvj
feathen, feather {* a.th.); to feather Lower Egypt; seashore, seaooast; Er Rif
one't nest, beoome wealthy II to pro vi de (hilly coastal region of NE Moroooo)
with feathera, feather (* a.th.); to fledge,

grow feathen (bird) T to fledge (bird); Jjj riß rural, rustio, peasant (adj.),
country (used attributively) ; peasant,
to beoome wealthy
farmer; provinoial, yokel, bumpkin; in*

ijjj rii (coli.; n. un. •) pl. ^Lj riyäij habitant of Er Rif (in Moroooo)

^ \j j aryäi feathen ; feathering, pluznage

I

elothes, attire, exterior; bristles (e.g., (Jij) Jlj räqa i (jtj raiq) to shine, glisten,
glow, burn ; to flow out, ponr forth IT to
of a brush)
pour out, shed, spül (boo also 3jj)
«JJj riia (n. un.) pl. -ät feather; quill;

writing pen (also i>U$Jl <Ztj); brush Jtj riq and *juj riqa pl. JL jl ary&q
saliva, epittle jij\
J» before break-
(of a painter); plectrum; lanoet; (eg.) |

faat, on an empty stomaoh; *Juj A* and

reed (of oertain wind instrumenta, e.g.,

<ltj\ ojj vxtzn ar-r.

*Ju j JiA (riqahü) (lit.: to swallow one'a
of tbe oboe; mus.) |

saliva, i.e.) to oatoh one's breath, rast

featherweight (aifUet.)
a while, take a sbort break; to hold back,
^ j rtff feather (adj.), feathery, feath- restrain o.s. (of s.o. in a rage); *hj **L
ered, plumed, pinnate (baüa'ahü riqahü) to allow s.o. a break,

^\jj riyäi houaohold eSeote; fumiture; let s.o. oatch hie breath; Jt_J\ ^yj-l (ajrä)

equipment tomake the saliva flow, i.e., to make the

mouth water, atimulate the appetite
jjj *J iJuf V (yajiffu) be is untiring (in
apeaking), he talks incessantly
(^jj) £lj rtfa » {rai*, ^jj ruyü\ £bj riyf,
ülw j raya'&n) to increase, grow, flourish,
Jij rayyiq: ^LUI J;j j f% r. iS-Sabäb
thrive II to increase, augment (* s.th.) in the fall bloom of youth

jj rai* pl. 9jim j ruyfl' yield; retums, r^a Bjxd II to slobber, fllaver,
HJij) JL> *

proeeeds, income (aocruing from an es-

drool
täte), interest ; profit share, royalty
prime, choicest part i—A-ill *jj t. af-
iL^ maryala (atring) apron
|

iabäb the prime of youth <)j>j* maryül bib

o\mj rai' an prime, choicest part j

|
'tilj look up alphabetically
t^Lill öUjj /< r. iS-Sabäb in the prime
of youth; jlfJl üImj j /» r. in-nahär Hf j) fb räma i (raim) to go away, move,

in broad dayligbt budge; to leave (* a place) |

-JlS- flj L*
 372
r-->

(makänahü) not to budge, not to move Hui-))

^' J f *w * to **** P08*988*00 0*» v
from the spot n to stay, nmain (uKLIj or * of s.th.), Beize, overoome ( J», l-» or •

at the place); (eg.) to bluff (J* s.o.) s.o., said of passion); to deaoend or oome
npon B.th.
(J»); to reign, prevail (J» in,
<j rfnt (ey.) froth, foam
o.g., silenoe in a room)
-jy" toryfm (ep.) swaggering, bluffing,
swindle •üUj, f. Uj see iSjj

s
Vj rfm (=* <j) addax, white antelope oU j look up alphabetioaUy

* j af
I name of the letter J x^uj zabib (coli. ; n. un. •) dried grapes,

raisins; (eg.) a streng oolorless liquor

öjjlj zSüq quioksilver, meroury
made of raisins, milky white when diluted
zi'baq quioksilver» meroury with water
Jjj
i-jji azabb*, f. #Lj zabbä'*, pl. i_jj zubb
pl j aS; vitriol
hairy, hirsute, shaggy

lj^»-lj «d^Au Zagora, a brand of Egyptian

Jjj zo&uia u to ohurn (* milk) II to foam,
ootton
froth, oream (milk) IT to froth, beoome
jlj xa'ara a i (za'r, j&j za'ir) to roar, bellow foamy, foam (also, with rage)

juj za'ir roaring, roar, bellowing Jjj zabad pl. ilj ji ozfr&i foam, froth;
dross |
_^wJI JjJ z. aWwAr meenohaum
J»tj za'aja a (J»Üj zfdf) to olamor, be vooif-
!.bj zuoda (freah) butter (aa opposed to
erous
jjf «mm); oream; — (pl. OjJ zubad)
Mj &J£ pl. üUj j zljjdn orow ohoicest part, prime, oream, flower,

elite; extraot, quintessenoe; essence, sub-

Ajj £jj* maut tu* am a sudden or violent
stanoe; gist, main point
death
IjJjJ zabdiya pl. tpbj xabädiy bowl
1
oljj tu* an damel (Lolium temulentum;
jLj Ȁdd oivet |
jLjII jji- nnnfir oi-z,
bot.)
oivet oat
ülj zän (ayr. t eg.) beeoh jlj yt jamar z,
|
tS^iJ zabidi and ^L»j jJ (laban)
beechnute
ourdled milk (eg.)

*jtj aSna pl. -dt spear; pole |

«-JfjJl
Jjj* mizbad, *<i*j* mizbada pl. OjIj-» ma>
HjJb (jüJI) aj-uw|6 (al-qafz) bi-x-x. pole aS&td* ohurn
vaulting (atiUet.)
y j zo&ara u * to soold ( s.o.)

öjj'j «Jwtty quioksilver, meroury

jj zvbr penis

(j Ij zdy name of the letter j

!/j xubra pl. j-j ruftar pieoe of iron

t-jj zubb pl. v^J' ozMb penis j^jj zafrfir (Book of) Psalms, Psalter
 373
>j
rjj zibrij Ornament, ornamentation, deco- drive (l-> or *, * s.o. or a.th.); to presa,
ration, embelliahment squeeze, foroe, eram (lj or *, * s.o. or
a.th., j into) |
j**JI j 4»
^j (zujja,
•u-yj zabarjad chrysolite (min.)
*ijn) he was thrown into prison II to
peneil (O^-U-' al-hdjibain the eyebrows);
^jj zabafa i (zabf) to quaok (duok)
to glaze, eoat with gl&as (# s.th.); to
.Ljj zabaf (eg.) mud, mir©
enamel (* s.th.)

Ü»ljj zvbäfa (eg.) bunoh of dates

£j «W pl* ^VJ *»#? ferrule; arrow-
rt head; spearhead
4*i jj zau&a'a pl. g)jj zawäbi stonn, hurri-
cane ^jl asajf*, f. »Uj zajjä**, pl. ^j zujj

having beautifully arohed eyebrows

Jij zabaqa u % (zabq) to tear out, pluck out
(* hair) VII to slip in ^U-j zujäj glasa (aa substanoe)

manure 1*-Uj zujäja (n. un.) pieee of

Jj j II to düng,
pl. -ät

glaas; (glass) bottle, flask; (drinking)

Jjj tibi, iL j zibla düng, manure
glass, tumbler
Jljj zabbäl street sweeper; garbage ool-
^U-j zujäjt glass (adj.), glassy,
leotor
vitreous
<lljj zvbäla refuse, rubbish, garbage,
rL-j «177a? glazier
sweepings
w-> tmuajjaj glazed, enameled ;<li\jey
*Lj» mazbala, mazbvla pl. JjJ> mo
and iip> oU^a. enameled wäre
zäbiP dunghill; garbage can

j^-j zajara u (zajr) to drive baok, drive

öjtj zabün kicking (camel) ; hot, fierce,

cruel (battle); stupid» foolish; fool; — away; to hold baok, restrain, prevent
(je- • s.o. from); to rebuke, scold, upbraid
(pl. ^Ijj zabä*in a ) oustomer, cüent, buyer;
(• b.o.) VII and VIII _^-Jjl izdajara
guest (of a hotel, and the like) |
<Ij öjtj
pass. of I
patron, regulär customer

_^-j zajr foreible prerention ; Buppres-

öjij zubün undergarment (nejd, ir.)
sion (of customa, abuses, erimes); re-
ÄJljj zibäna clientele, patronage, custom
buke, reprimand
Jljj zubänä pedipalpus or claw of a
iSsrJ *&y* reformatory, penitentiary
ecorpion, of a crayfiah (ueually dual:
(adj.) | ifsrj *«** (ma'had) reformatory,
V>JI Ubj) reform sohool
vbj zabäniya myrmidons; angels who
srj* mazjar: t_J&l j^y c* xJ qa'ada
thrust the damned into Hell
minhu mazjara l-kalb to sit at a fitting

distanoe from s.o.

ij j zvbya pl. üj zuban elevated place
above the waterline |
(Jjll J^JI iL ba* _rt-lj zäjir handicap, impediment, ob-
Joga 8-aailu z-zvbä the matter reached a staole
climaz, things came to a head
!_rt-ij zäjira pl. j*-\jj zaväjir* check,

tl»j zalta (syr.) to throw curb; restriction, limitation

^j zajja (let pera. perf. zajajtu) u (zajj) to J*-j zajala u (zajl) to let go, release (* a
throw, hurl {# B.th.); to push, ßhove, urge, carrier pigeon)
>3 374

J*- j
zajai pl. JL- jl ozjöi populär Arabio «iU-J zahhäfa pl. -dt reptile; imple-
poem in strophio form; soft humming ment for leveling the ground, leveler; ski

sound produoed by the jinn at night creeping,

(_**- 1 j zähif crawling ; pl

jUj zajjäl reciter of azjäl (see above) ijw-ljj zaxoähif* reptilee

IjJl /-Li* Aamäm az • zäjÜ carrier a move

J»-j zahala
J-i- (zahl, J>»-j zvhül) to
pigeon, homing pigeon away, withdraw, retire (j* from a plaoe)
II to remove (a, • s.o., s.th.) V =* I
(j*-j) L-J zajä u to drive, urge on (», a s.th.,

s.o.); to squeeze, press, foroe, cram (•, a J*-J zvhaP the planet Saturn
s.th., b.o., J into) II to shove, puah
j)*-j zahlaqa to roll, slide (a s.th.) II tazah*
(a s.th., • s.o.); to drive, urge on (* s.th.,
laqa to glide, slide, slip, akid
• s.o.); to jostle, crowd, cram, jam (•, a

s.th., s.o., J 1
into); to take or bring üL-J zahlaqa: ÜJL-jJl jl-L* maiddn az-z.
(foroibly) (Jl a, * s.o., s.th. into); to skating rink
make { * time) pass ; to pass, Bpend
jU>" tazahhtq skating; skiing
{* time) IT to shove, push {* s.th., •

s.o.); to drive, urge on (a s.th., • s.o.); iij)L-j zahläwi from Zahle (Lebanon), made
to jostle, crowd, cram, jam (», a s.th., in ZabJe (e.g., arraok)
s.o., Jl into); to take or bring (forcibly)
j-j zahama a (zahm) to push, shove, hus-
(Jl a, * s.o., B.th. into); to make pass,
tle, jostle, crowd, press, beset { s.o.)
while away (* time); to extend (J a s.th.
III to puah, shove, hüstle, jostle, crowd,
to s.o.; greetings, compliments, thanks);
press, beset {• s.o.); to compete, vie
to bestow (J > s.th. on s.o.; e.g., preise) |

(• with s.o.) VI to press together, crowd

jl jaJJI Jl ^jl (4%hn) tosuggeat (the idea
together, "iill about; to be closely
or aBsumption) that . .

packed (j in); to compete with one

^J- muzjan Utile, scanty, paltry, trivi- another VIII f»j\ izdahama to be orowd-
al, insignificant ed, teem, swarm (»-» with); to jostle,
crowd together, mill about (e.g., people)
j»-j zahara a i (s*-j zaAfr, jl*-j zvhär) to
groan, moan <t~j zahma crush, jam; crowd, throng

s*-j zahir groan, moan(s) fl*-j zihäm crush, jam; crowd, throng

jUj zvhär groan, moan(s); dysentery 4i~\y muzähama pl. -dt competition;
(med.) rivalry |
**-ljil JJu V (yaqbalv) un-
rivaled, matchless, without competition
rj*-j zahzaha (**~j»-j zahzaha) to move (* B.th.,
tazdhum (mutual) competition
from its plaoe); to tear, rip (j* * s.th. off) f\j
II tazakzaha to budge, move (j* away from) fl*ojl izdihäm crowd, orush, jam; over-
crowdedness
ijw-j zahafa a (zahf) to orawl, creep on the
ground; t° crawl about; to advauce j-lj* muzähim pl. -an competitor; rival
(army); to march, be on the maroh (Jp "<t~\}* muzähima (female) rival
against or toward)
*r *> muzdahim overorowded, paoked,
iJw-J zahf advance, march (of an army)
jammed; teeming, Bwarming, crowded,
(pl. <J>»-j zvhüf) soldiery, army crammed (»-» with) muzdaham crowd, ; —
J»Uj zahhäf creeping, cnwling orush, jam
 j

375

'**-j zakka pl. -öt downpour, heavy shower 1*1 jj zurbiya, tirb\ya pl. jb J zarAbly
oarpet, rüg
ji-j zafcara a (za$rt jji-j zv£Or) to «well,
Ifl j j zariba pl. *Jlj j zaro*ib % zareba,
rise (e.g., river); to be overfull, brimful
vaunt oattle pen, oorral, stockade, fold; (oattle)
(^ of); to boast (^ of s.th.), (•-*

toabound (uis), barn; {North Afr.) hut made of branohea

a.th.) Vto swell; to rise;

be füll ( v of) •~>j j'J zärüb pl* *-rij\jJ zato&rib* a long,

>-lj zl&tr and jUj zo&dr füll, brim- narrow lane

ful, filled to overflowing; abonnding in mizräb pl. •—;jl> ffKttdHfc

1 spont
v'j>
water (asa>); exoeamre, profuse; exuber-
ant (feeling) JhjJ zar6fii pl. J-»lj j zaräbiP and Ojjj
zartän pl. 0«lj j sardMn1 a kind of shoe
J»>-j xaJfrafa to adorn, embelüah, deoorate,
ornament (* s.th.) n taxafcrafa to adom Ajj zarada u (zard) to ohoke (• s.o.), strangle

o.a.; to be embelli&hed, ornamented (* a.o.'a neck); to gulp, swallow, devour

JijUj deco-
(* s.th.) Tm ajajI izdarada to swallow
*j>-j iuJxu/ pl. zafcärif*
(* a.th.)
ration, ornament, embellishment; make-
up, getup (o.g., of a book); vain, trifling öjj zarda sweet diah made of rioe

finery | UüJ Jtj^j (lafoiya) flowera of and honey

speech, rhetorical flourishes; LJjJI *-Jj*>*j
ij j zarati pl. ->jjj zurfitj ohain mail,
z. ad-dunyä the vanities of this world ooat of mail ajjII jU* zebra
|

ü>- j zafcrafa pl. -dJ decoration (also lijj zarada chain Unk
stage decoration); omamentation
*i->jj zardlya pliers
j^j zuJprufl ornamental, deoorative
nuurad throat, gullet
ijj*
*-!»>> muzaJprif interior decorator; —
muza^raf embelliahed, ornamented |
-UJ-'I jjjj zarzara to chirp
Ji>.^ll jjS3l (oZ-M oJ-fcö/J) floriated
jjjj xurzur and jjjjj «twfir pl.y ßjj
Kufio writing xardzir* starling (zooL)

jt-j zakama a (zafpm) to thrnat back {* s.o.);

lijjjjj iwzürl gray with white spota
— zakima a (zajfam) to stink (horse)

j-j zakim stinking sow (* s.th.); to spread,

f-j j
zara'a a {zar') to
>-jl cu&am* stinking scatter (* s.th.); to plant, raise, grow

i*-J zaipma pleotrum (a plants); to tili, oultivate (^jlM <&•

anfa Und); to lay (^J lugman a mine)

zafcama atench
i*-J
VH paas. of I; Tm fjijl izdara'a to aow

jj zarra u to button, button up (* s.th.); to

£jj zar' aowing; (pl. £jj j turiT) seed;
acrew, contort (C-* 'ainaXü one's eye) young Standing orop, green orop; plan-
II to button, button up (* s.th.)
tation; field(s) £y-4llj £jjfl (#w') »gri-
|

j j zirr pl. jlj jl arrfir, j jj j lurür but- oulture and stock farming

ton; puah button; knob, pommel; bud i*lj j tirSa agrloulture; tüling, tillage;
(of a plant); tasael (of the tarbooah, etc.) cultivation (of land); growing, raiaing
s->jj zariba a to flow (water) n to pen, (of crops); farming |
,>jL-JI «U'jJ horÜ-
oorral (* liveatook) oulture
 ;

LJi
(j^ljj z»nS'»agrioulturaI f agrarian,farm- Jjjlozro^.f. >tfjj zaryä^.pl.Jjjxwrg
(in Compounds) | «Ijj ^jl (ortf) ara- blue; dark-colored; »lÄjjJl the blue sky,
ble land; ^Ijj jj^l» field path f dirt the blue
road
Jlij jl izriqäq bluenese, blue [Jlij jVI »b
**ijj airTa that whioh iB sown or (AT oi-tzr. oyanosis
planted; crop
1
jjjj Iook up alphabetioally
£Jjj
zarra' pl. I, -ün peasant, farmer;
planter
üyjj zarqün a bright red

macro' (arable) land ^rSjj zarhaSa to embelliah with brocade

£j>
embroidery; to adorn, embellish, deo-
«*j> maxra'a pl. £jlj« monSrt' 1 field
orate, ornament (* s.th.)
ander culti vation ; farm ; plantation
tjSjj zarkaS brooade, gold and silver
oountry estate
embroidery
jUj_^ mazra'dnt fanner
jfjj* mvzarJcai embellished with
Vj'> muzäfo'a temporary shareorop- brooade embroidery, brocaded; embroi-
ping contract ( J«J. Zato) dered («_j with silver and gold thread);
embroidered ; embellished, decorated,
£jlj 2Äri' pl, iwrrtf seedaman,
£Jj j
so wer; peasant; farmer; planier
omamented | <j£j£\ JöJl (qalam) oma-
mental writing
£jj> mazrü* cultivated, planted
^Jj j zirnifp, zarniff arsenio
**jj> mazrü'a pl. -5/ young standing
crop, green crop iSJj zarä i (Äj'jJ riräya) to rebuke, scold,
upbraid (J* s.o.), find fault
£jlj* mxuäri' pl. -fln peasant, fanner;
(* J* with
s.o. beoause of s.th.); to revile, dis-
agronomiat
parage (^ or J* s.o.), detraot (<-> or
ülj j zarä/a pl. -<M body, group, Cluster (of J» from) IV to derogate, detract (ij
people) |
ÜI-U-jj olil; j see .u-lj from s.o. or s.th.), belittle, ridicule («^

Üljj
s.o. or B.th.) V = I; vm ^ jjjl izdarä
zaräfa, zuräfa pl. jljj zaräfä,
to slight (i_j or *, * s.o., s.th.), make light,
zuräfä, ijuljj zarä'if* giraffe
think little («^ or m, • of), defy («_j or

'Jjj zaraqa u » (= jjj) to drop excrement

* e.g., danger) X= VIII

(bird); — zaraqa u (zarq) to hit, pieroe tfj j zariy bad, poor, miserable, despi-
(i_j • s.o. with); to jab, bore (*, • into cable, contemptible
s.o. or e.th.); to throw, hurl (* s.th.)
ÄjIjJ ziräya contempt, disdain; revile-
Jj j zarq: j"i\ 3j j z. al-ibar injections, ment, disparagement
injectings »tjjl izrä* contempt, disregard

^Uj* mizräq pl Jjj!_> mazärig* javelin »'jjjl izdirä* contempt, disdain, acorn

<Jj j zartga a (zaraq) and IX to be blue iSJJ* muzran despicable, contemptible

ijjj zaraq blue, bluenese, blue oolor; jfj za'bara to deeeive, cheat s.o.)
(Jp
O glaucoma (med.)
J»^*J za abüf
r
pl. iw^J za'äbif* a woolen
iijj rurga blue, blueness, blue color; fabric; woolen garment with a low neck-
O oyanosis line, worn esp. by the fellahin (eg.)
 ;;

377

j&j za tar = _/*** fjjej za'zü' lean, skinny, Ianky, spin-

Hling
«*j za'aja a and IT to disturb (• s.o.);
fjf-j* muza'za" oon vulsed , shooked
to troable, inoonvenienoe, molest, pester,
upset, disorganized; tottering, shaky,
hftnMW (• s.o.); to disquiet, alarm, make
wobbly, unsteady, precarious
uneasy, upset (• b.o.); to stir up (• s.o.

^ or,/ from a plaoe), rouse (j* or je •

fjt-'j* mv&aza'zi' unsteady, ßhaky,
b.o. from a state, e.g., from sleep, etc.), wobbly, precarious; tottering, rocking;
drive (j- or j* • s.o. from) Tu to be fiokle, unoertain, ohangeable
stirred up, be roused; to be alarmed (j*
uneasy (j- about >U*j za'afa (xa'f) to drive away
by or at), feel s.th.)

m&j za'aj uneasiness, unrest J&j za'aja a (za'f) to kill instantly (• s.o.)

IV do.
^Ujl iz'äj disturbance
vJUj .- samm zu'äf a rapidly killing,
r-U>' I inzi'äj inoonvenience, trouble,
deadly poison
disoomfort; disturbance, confusion
öljiej za'farün saffron
«•«> mux'ij annoying, troublesome,
irksome, inconvenient, unpleasant; harry- to cry, yell, ehriek, eoream
Jpj za'aqa a (za'q)

ing; disquieting; unsettling; pl. ^*L^J*

jpj za'q clamor, shouting, orying,
troubles, disoomforts
screaming, yelling

j*j za'ir thin-haired ilej za'qa pl. za'aqät cry, outcry, yell,

j*jl az'ar*, f. »Ij*j za'rä' 1 thin-haired; soream, shriek

tailless
j-pj za'iq clamor, shouting, crying,

j*jl az'ar pl. uljpj zu'rän (leb., pal.) screaming, yelling

highwayman, brigand; crook, scoundrel
to be bored, be fed up
J*j za'Üa a (za'al)

jUj za'ära maliciousness, meanness

(^ with s.th.), be tired (& of); to be
annoyed, angry II to annoy, vex (• s.o.)
jjj*j zu'rür pl. j-jUj za'ärtr* ill-

IV to trouble, annoy (« s.o.)

tempered, peevish, testy, irasoible; aza-
role, Neapolitan medlar (Crataegus aza- za'al displeasure, annoyance, irri-
Jpj
rolus; bot.) tation, vexation

shake violently, convulse, J*J za'il annoyed, angry, vexed, put

fj*j wfza'a to
rock (* s.th.); to shake, upeet (* e.g., a out

resolve, a belief, etc.) II taxa'za'a to be j^j za'län 9 annoyed, angry, vexed,

convulsed; to work loose, wobble, be put out
loose; to shake, rock, totter | £J*>j V
«Jjplj zä'vla annoyance, anger, irri-
unshakable
tation, vexation
frj*j £j rih za'za' and öUjej £j (za'*

za'än) violent gale, hurricane s.j za'ama u (za'm) to maintain, allege, claim,

pretend (jl that), deolare (öl J to s.o. that)

%
**j*J za'za'a pl. f\jl*J za'äzi' convul- to beüeve; to take (* • s.o. for or to be . . .),

sion, shock, concussion

regard (* • b.o. as) *—cJ to olaim for
; |
fj
ol*>j zazaan see
t^P o.b. {* B.th.) V to set o.e. up as leader; to
 ; ;

378
f*j

be the leader (• of), lead, oommand (* a «Lij zugv#a (eg.) hicoup

body of soldien, or the like) ; to pretend
Jij zotfo/a a to pour out (* B.th.); to
to be the lewler, poee « leader, be bosay (xajj/)

oounterfeit (* e.g., coins), adulterate,

aj za'm allegation, claim |
&f"j j debase (* s.th.)
as they olaim, as they say
J*j zo^oi counterfeit money
ffj
za'im pl. »I>j ru'amd' 1 leader;
J*> truugal pl. J*l> maxäg'iP loophole,
ringleader; oolonel (Ir. 1922); brigadier
embrasure
general (mü.; formerly Syr.); guarantor

( v of)
Jlij zaglala to dazzle (^^Jl^n-nazor the eyes)
i*Uj za'äma leadenhip; leading po-
Jjiij zujW pl. JJUj za££liZ> baby,
mtion in politios
infant; xaftid (eg.) squab, young pigeon
^l> mattfim' allegations; claim», pre-
<_jj zaffa (Ist pers. perf. zafaftu) i (zaff, Jtyj
tensions; aagumptions, oonjeetures
zufüf) to hurry; —u (zaff, Jiüj zt/ä/) to
r>*> max'üm pretended, claimed oonduot in solemn prooeesion (l> the bilde,
alleged, Bo-called
J* or Jl to the bridegroom) ; pass. Jl cJj
zuffat ilä to be married off to, be given in
AÄLt-j zi'nifa pl. «JuUj za'änif norde, paok,
marriage to; to oonduct in solemn pro-
mob, rabble, riffraff; low base, mean;
oesaion to her new home (l> the bilde,
pl. fins (of fish); flippen (of whale, seal,
also said of the bridegroom); to inform
and the like)
(Jl s.o., * of s.th.), teil (Jl > s.th. to s.o.)
|

*-*J xaQab down, fluff, fuzz Jl tSj^\ «J»j (buirä) to bring glad
tidings to
*-*J taQib downy, fluffy, fuzzy, covered
with fuzz «ij zaffa procession (of people), wed-

*-*jl axgab* downy, fluffy, fuzzy,

ding prooeaaion ; — one time ; **j zaffatan
onoe (— marratan)
oovered with fuzz
lJÜJ üfäf wedding, wedding oeremony |
tagbar nap (of a fabric) »J*-\ he
j-fj |
•jfj J»UjJl *U laüat az-z. wedding night
took all of it
J>j*j mfüf ostrich; fleet, awift (camel)
•Uj zagada a to nudge, poke (» s.o.)
•Juij taf'tf sough(ing) (of the wind)
ji-j zagara a {eg.) to eye (Jl or J B.th., s.o.),
<»> mizaffa bridal sedan
leer (Jl or J at)
cJj II to smear with pitch, to pitch
>j*j 2o£ra<£a (öj*J zatfnxia) to utter shrill,
to asphalt (* a road)
long-drawn and trilling sounds (as a
cjj zift pitoh; asphalt uj^Uj cJj
manifestation of joy by Arab women) |

(qaprän) and tar) unpleasant,

(lit.: pitch
•bjUj zafärid* shrill, trilling oriee of
annoying, awkward; damned (bad luck)!
joy (of women)
O *=»> mizfata pl. cJt> mazdfif?
J»>J zagrafa = j>j asphalting machine

C-i> tazfU asphalting

j^J zagzaga to hide, oonceal (* B.th.); («17.)

l
Jj zafara i (xafr, jjj za/ir) to sigh deeply,
to tiokle (* s.o.) heave deep sighs; to pant, groan, moan;
 379 /J

to blow off, exhatut, puff out (» air, p!j so99fim Eaqqum, an infernal tree

braath) with exoeedingly bitter fruit, mentinned

in the Koran
*yj ia/ro pl. xafarAt aigh, mou
«ij so/fr oxhaling, oxhalatiozi, ax- (yj) Uj zaqd u to ory. crow, peep, oheep
piration; sighing, moaning, moan>; m •Uj ntq/t orowing (of a rooster)
alao alphabaticaUy
^Tj zoiafta u (^jTj ndrää) to All up, fiU
"jjj n to soü with gnaaa, begrüne (» t-th.)
(* s.th.)

jij za/or gro*M, gnaay food yjll «U^i | i-5j zatiba pL »JBj zabTtfr* («7.)
(oi^if oi-i. Mardi Gru, Shrovo Tueaday saok, bag. gonny sack
(CAr.)

jij x^ftr greasy; grimy; unolean, dirty,

SjSj rubra pl. _/j ruiarimaü (wine)skin; —
a wind instrament resembling the oboe
fitthy; stinking, rancid, rank
<(u*.)

Jijij za/za/a soughing, whistling (of the

ij pasa. tukima to oatoh a oold
wind)
^Bj zwbdm (oommon) oold. oatarrh
jij za/ana • to danoe, gambol
iTj takma (oommon) oold, oatarrh
j*iJ »/Ir sephyr oloth
iilfj zakäna flair; intnition
Öj 10990 u (sooo) to feed (* iU young ones;
of a bird) (jTj and &) Ej zoU u (ȣj mW) to
thrive; to grow, inorease; to be pure in
heart, be just, righteous, good; to be fit,
zuqqän skin (as a reoeptaole)
snitable (<~* for s.o.), befit (^ s.o.); —
Jljj 211909 m. and f., pl. Üj I aziqqa takiya a to grow, inorease II to inorease,
lane, alley; atrait, oorridor (gtogr.) augment, make grow (* s.th.); to purify,

ohaaten (* s.th.); to justify, vindioato

öjij «09209(1 (U£J mqtaqa) to paep, ohirp,
(• s.o.), vonoh for, or bear witneas to,
oheep; to feed (* its young ones; of a
s.o.'s (•) integrity, deolare (» s.o.) honest,
bird); to dandle, rook in one'ß arms (•
upright or just, attest the honorable
a ohild)
reoord of s.o. (*); to attest to the trnth,
Jljij xaqzüq pewit, lapwing validity or oredibility of s.th. (*); to

oz-xaflozfj
1 Zagazig (oity in oommend, praiae (• s.o.); to reoommend
JjJUjJI
N Egypt) IT to cause to grow; to grow (* s.th.)

T to be purifled, be ohastened
1 ilij
ru9&> and «Jij zuqltya (eo.) olub, oudgel,
Sj talny pl. »IgTjl tukiya** pure;
tronoheon
ohaste; gnütless, blamele— , sinless; (also

<L»j zagUa pl. JJUj taq/T& narrow road,

— S* rfotty. ©-g.» «sTi *-^'j)

path, trail •Bj tahT growth; (moral) purity,

integrity, honesty, righteouBnass
ij zaqama u (xaqm) to swallow, gulp, gobble
(* food) IT to malte (* s.o.) swallow or •tfj (•jTj) zoifcdA pl. b~j zakan, oljTj
gulp down (a s.th.) Vm Äajl izdaqama ukawöt pority; justness, integrity, hon-
~I esty; justifioation, vindieation; alms-
/3 380

giving, alms, oharity ; alms tax {Isl. Law) \ Jj)j zabcaia to shake, rock, convulBe, cause
J*X>\ !o**j z. al-fifr obligatory donation of to tremble {•, * s.th., s.o.); pass. zuizilo
foodstuffs required at the end of Ram- also: to waver, stumble II tazalzala to

adan, the month of fasting quake (earth)

53' tehä
l
purer; more befitting, more 5J^Jj zoZxa&i pl. Jj Vj zaiäziP earth-
appropriate; better qnake

iSy tazkiya puriflcation, chastening; JljJj zoZz£{, zikäl ooncussion, Bhock,

pronouncement of s.o.'s integrity or oredi- convulsion; earthquake
bility; attestation of {a witnees') honor-
JJj xalafa u to swallow, gulp down, gobble
able record (Isl. Law)
(* s.th.) n to strip, undress (» s.o.) T to

(4) zaüa (Ist pers. perf. zalatiu) % (zaü) and undress, strip
zaüa (Ist pers. perf. zalitiu) a (JJj taiai)
JJj zulf nakedness, nudity
to Blip; to make a mistake, oommit an
to slide off
JJj zalaf (coli. ; n. un. ) (eg.) gravel,
error, a slip; s.o. (je), fail

IV to pebbles; road metal, bailast

to affeot s.o. (je; ßaid of evil)
cause (• b.o.) to alip; to make (• s.o.)
*Jj zaVa pl. *Jj zila' (eg.) a kind of tau
Btnmble or trip
clay jar

Jj zaü a kind of reed (syr.)

tjdj zal'üm pl. ^Vj zalä*im* gullet,
*Jj zaüa slip, lapee | öLJ *Jj z.lisdn
throat
slip of the tongue
«JJj zalafa u (zalf, zalaf, «JJj zallf) to
JJj zalal slip, aüpping; lapse; mistake,
approaoh (Jl s.o. or s.th.), advance (Jl
error, overaight
toward), go near II to exaggerate, blow
JVJ zuidl oold water |
±J\ JVj
iJ
z. up (* a report, j in) IV to bring near,
al-baujt white of egg, albumen bring dose (*, • s.o., s.th.) V to flatter

JVj zu/dli alhuminous; «i»LJYj zvlä» (Jl s.o.), fawn (Jl upon s.o.), ourry favor,

Uyät proteins SJVj *\j* (mowäW 1 ) pro- ingratiate o.s. (Jl with s.o., also J)
|

teins VIII .Jthjl izdalafa to flatter

<JJ j zalaf servile flattery, sycophanoy,

LjVj zalabiya pl. -<K a kind of doughnut
toadyism, bootlicking
oooked in oil and sprinkled with sugar
üJj zulfa and JJj zvlfä servile flattery,
l
kj zalaja a (rjJj zndüj) and zalija a to sycophanoy, toadyism, bootlicking
slip; to slide along, glide along T do. |
mutazaüif sycophant, toady,
2^1 J* £>" W) to skate VII = V .Jjjü
bootlioker
£j zalj slippery

j}J zaliqa a (zalaq) and zalaqa u (zalq)

wJ j zalij slippery
to glide, slide; to slip n to make slippery
£j* miztaj pl. £lj* mazälij* skate
(# s.th.); to slip, glide (j * s.th. into)
IV to cause to slip j-mt{
rYj* mizläj pl. pJI> mazälij* (• s.o.) aäJJI (6t-
(sliding) |
*

bolt (on a door) baparihl) to look at s.o. sternly or dis-

approvingly V and VII to glide, slide; to
•«Jj zulaij fatenoe, ornamental tue
skid, slither, slide (Jl into s.th.); to slip;

,j<nJj zviaijl faience, ornamental tue to ski; to skate |

gl±!l Je ^)>l (talj)
 381 yj
to öki; to skate VII to slip from s.o. 's c-j V to be prim, sedate, staid
(je) hand, from s.th. (je)
c->" tazammut primness; gravity, se-
j) j zaliq alippery dateness

UJj zalqa (n. vic.) slip, skid, aideslip ü^ju mutazammü grave, Btern, staid.
sedate (oharaeter); prim; narrow-minded
ÜVj zaiäqa Blipperiness

ÜVj zaüdqa pl. -<K aleigh, aledge, aled; j£-j zamjara (»j*-j zamjara) to soold; to

toboggon; toboggau chute, Bledding stonn, rage, rave

oourse; gutter, eaves trough
j*j zamara
l
» u (zamr, j*j zamir) to blow,
jljrf mazlaq pl. j)\j* mazäljq* eüppery play (a wind instrument) II do.
Bpot; slide, ohute; esp.pl. treacherous,
j-j zamr blowing, playing (of a wind
perilous ground, pitfalls, dangers, peius
ins t rument
üUJ> mazlaqän (dual) (loading) ramp;
j*j zamr pl. j_^*j zumür a wind instru-
gradient, ramp, driveway, access road
ment resembling the oboe; hörn (of
,jJj-. mizlaq skate; üUJj- a pair of an automobile; ayr.)
Bkates | O ^^ ji Jl> ('ajaZdl) roller
•j+j zumra pl. j*j zumar troop; gronp
Bkate
(of people); Sj^j Ij-J blood group
UJjrf mizlaqa pl. jJlj- nuwdWg* sleigh,
jUj zammär player (on a wind in-
sledge, Blöd; toboggau
strument), piper
JV>'I inziläq slipping, sliding, skid-
•jUj zammära, zummära pl.^Uj to»
ding; skiing; skating
mämlr1 (eg.) a wood-wind instrument oon-
jJ>. munzaliq: jl>* <~>l> sliding door sisting of two pipes, related to the
clarinet; siren |
jlÜJVl *jL*J z. aUin^är
1
Jj zalam pl.fV.jl azläm arrow without
waraing siren
head and feathers, used in divination
jUj- mixmär single-pipe wood-wind
***j)j zullüma, zaüüma pl. JVj zaiälim*
instrument resembling the oboe
trunk (of an elephant)
jj*y mazmür pl. j**lj* mazämxr1 psalm
-•j zarnnta u (zamm) to tie up, fasten, tighten
(* s.th.); to truss up {* s.th.) j *iiL
fj
jr^jl «mir1 Izmir, Smyrna (seaport in W
(bi-anfihi) to tum up one's nose, be Turkey)

superoilious II to bridle {* a camel), put

ijAj zumurrud emerald
the bridle (* on a camel)
ts*j*j zumumtdl emerald(-oolored)
>»L.j zimäm pl. 1>j\ azimma camel
halter, nose rope of the camel; rein, f>J zamzama to rumble, roll (thunder)
bridle; halter; day book; regia ter; ground, to murmur
land <*L*y under his superviaion, under
|
r>j zamzam copious, abundant (esp.
his direction; ^-Vl fUj z. al-amr reins
water) ; Zemzem, name of a well in Mecoa
of power; ^-Vl *«jl
J* ^^J to hold the
4~*j^j zamzamiya water flask, canteen;
reins of power in one's hand, be in oontrol

of power, wield power; O-l fUj Jjü te- O thermos bottle

wattä z. al-kufon to seize the reins of *«J*j zamzama pl. fjUj zamäzim* roll

power, assume power of thunder; roar of a lion

 ; ;

J-3 382

Juj zamafa to escape, slip away sitory; seoolar | 1-uj pUl mines with
time fuse; V*j iLJ (funfrula) time
mJ II and IT to determine (J#, * on), deoide, bomb
resolve, be determined (J#, * to do s.th.)
jUj zamtfni temporal, time; worldly,
**j* muzmr determined, resolved; — earthly; passing, transient, transitory;
munrta' and 4,1» *•> deoided; ixnminent;
seotdar
forthooming, prospective »4i* «jil yjll
|

. . . j oi-mu' tamar al-m. 'aqdvliü /{ the

luj xamanlya and oLj »™<**'JW
period of time, given time
conferenoe whieh is to be beld on (with
following dato) ilLj xamäna ohronio fllneas

1
J.j III to keep (• s.o.) Company, be s.o.'s j*j- muzmm lasting, endoring, long*

(*) oompanion, be a colleagae or asso- lived ; old, deep-seated, in veterate

cdate (j • of 8.0, in s.th,); to aooompany ohronio

(• s.o.) VI to be oomrades, be olose oom-

j+*j xamhara to beoome red, flushed, blood-
panion* *
shot IV j+*jl ümaAarra do.
*Lj »mJa party, oompany (of people)
^ _^*j zamAarfr bitter oold, severe frort

J~*j zamü pl. »^uj rumoÜT 1 oompanion,

üj tanna u (xann) to buzz, drone (insect)
orony, assooiate, oomrade; oolleague; ao-
oomplioe üj xann bnzx(ing), drone

*L*j zamtia pl. hU (woman) oompanion; bj zana'a to be limited, be restrioted, be

(woman) oolleague; Bister ship eonfined, be curbed, be suppressed II to

*JL-J zamäla comradeship; oolleague- restriot, keep within boands, beset, harry,
ship; fellowship drive in a corner (J# s.o.)
| «—-Lp ÜL.J (tftnbiya)
soholarship, stipend (tr.)
juJ II taxanbara to display proud, haoghty
izmti pl. J^ljl ozdmtf1 ohisel mannen (J» toward s.o.)
J-.J1
jj-jj tunbür pL jyUj tanäbir* hörnet
j*j tamina a (1LJ zamdna) to be ohronioally
Hl IV to stay long, remain ( v * * pl»<*) » iljuj zanbarak, xunburuk, zunburak pl. tiLUj
to last long; to be ohronio (disease) xandoi^ (metal) spring; spiral spring;

j*j zaman pLazmdn time; period,

jL-jl oock (of a rifle, etc.)

tretch of time; dnration; U-j zatmnwn jiUj «wuJWg*

jjj zonoo? (ooll.j n. nn. •) pl.
for aome time
Uly; ins {bot.)

oj zamana period of time

D ilUj xanbalik = ±1 ju j

j*J zamm, Jmj zamfn pl.

J*j xamnä
ohronioally ill
jsJj ranMJ, süiotf pl. j^l'j xanObfP basket
made of palm leaves
OL-J zamän pl. i*jl tununa time; dn-
ration; fortune, fate, destiny | OLj ^* tfjliJj zttUdrl dysentery

for aome time (past), for quite a while;

^j xanj, zinj (coli.) pL £jij xunüj Negro(ei)
OLjll
J* always, ever; 4iL>J J*l oAJ c.
bis oontemporaries yij smjf, cmjf Negro (adj. and n.)

^•j cofrumi temporal, time (adj.) jLfj xanjabär* Zansibar (island and seaport
worldly, earthly; passing, transiant, trän- off E African coast)
 ) ;

383 ->»j

J^j zanjabil ginger jJL'j zini zinc

\^j zanjara to flip, anap (with the fingere) o>cJ zannuzn&z virago, termagant

'jUj zinjär verdigris -j j zanlm low, despised, ignoble, mean

bastard; Btranger, Outsider
jjuf-j zunjufr, zinjafr cinnabar

Jj zanä » ( jj, Uj zinan, »Uj z»nä') to oommit

sfj zinjir pl. _r>-Uj zanäjir* chain |
<->l-*-
adultery, fornicate, whore
jg-ß double-entry bookkeeping
<Jj zinan adultery; fornioation
fj zanika a {zanak) to turn rancid
»Uj zt'nä' adultery; fornioation
fj zanijf rancid, rank
jlj zänin pl. !ljj zunäh fornicator,
oJJ zand m. and f., pl. jÜJ zinäd, jjjj zunüd
adulterer
stick of a fire drill, a primitive device for

kindling fire; by extension, the whole *J'j zömya pl. uljj zawänin whore,

fire drill; — zand, zind (pl. ajjj zunt«2) harlot; adulteress

ulna (anat.); forearm

•uj zahada a, zahida a and zoAiu&j u (zuAd)
jlJJ zinäd pl. «Aijl aznida fire steel; to abstaüi (j Crom, also je-, *), renounoe,
cock, hammer (of a rifle, etc.) |
jUjJI _/t abandon, forsake (j s.th., also je-, *),
Äajar az-zinäd flint withdraw (j, * from), refuse to have
anything to do with (j, *) |
LioJl j .uj
jajj II tazandaqa to be a freethinker, an
(dunya) to renounoe pleasure in worldly
atheist
things, become an aaoetic, lead a pious,
üaJj zandaqa atheism ascetio life II to induoe {» s.o.) to with-

Ji-lij zindiq pl. <*.>Uj zanädiqa zendik, draw or abstain (j from); to spoil s.o.'s

unbeliever, freethinker, atheist (•) pleasure in (j), arouae & dislike

( j * in s.o. for) T to practioa asceticism,

r
^J II: «Ijü «Jl j-'j (6i- a*n»Ai) to glare at s.o.
withdraw from the world X to deem
jUj zunndr and »jUj zunnära pl. little, insignificant, trifling, small

^JÜJ zanänir* belt, girdle; sash; band or o*j zuhd (voluntary) renunciation (j
rope worn around the waist; cross Btripe,
of s.th.); indüTerence (J to, esp. to
traverse band
worldly thinga); abstemiousness, absti-

<»i_>j zinzäna pl. -öi prison cell («£.)

nence; asceticism j
LjjJI j AmJ\ (dunyd)
asceticism
iX/J zanzalakt China tree (Melia azeda-
J-*J zahid little, low, moderate (esp.
rach; bot.)
price), insignifioant, paltry, trifling, small;

«ijlkij zinfärlya dysentery a little, a small amount (j* of

•jUj zahäda smallness, lowness, mod-

Jij zanaqa i (zanq) to tighten, conatrict (m
s.th.); to hobble (* an animal) II to erateness

keep on ahort rations, scrimp (J* b.o.)> o*> tazahhvd ascetioism, life of retire-
be atingy, tight-fisted (J* toward) ment devoted to the serrioa of God
Uuj zanaqa {magr. zanqa) pl. Jjj zinaq ulj zahid pl. jUj zuhhid abstemiouflt
narrow atreet, lane, alley, dead-end street abstinent, continent, Belf-denying; u-
JUJ zindq neckband, collar cetic
 ;

>»J 384

j*j zoAarer a (jyj suAtir) to shine, give j*\j zähir shining, luminous, radiant,
light, be radiant IV to glow, gleam, brilliant; bright

glare, shine; to blossom, be in bloom

j*j* mtuhir blooming, in bloom; shin-
(plant, flower) Till j**j\ itdaham to ing, luminous, bright
shine brightly, be radiant; to blossom,
be in bloom; to flourish, proaper, thrive <Ji*j zdkafa a (ijyj xuhüf): Ojl! Jl »Ji*j

to be on the verge of death Vin <Jt*ajl

j*j zahr (coli.; n. un. *) pl. j_^*j tuhür,
o,il Jl do.
j*j\ ozAur, jl>jl axJiär, j*\j\ <uähir* t j+\j\
aiählr* flowere; blossoms; — oast iron J»j zaAo?a a {zdhq, Jyj »uAüg) to die, pass
(also -U.U.I y.j) |
O^WI j*j z. o^-fd/üf away, run out, oome to nothing; CÖftj
pansy; «^Jlj*j primrose; J-Jl ^j 2. <rf- 4-ij (na/*uAä) and 4*-jj iiü»j (rflAwAfl)
r
asal honeysuokle; J)jti\ j*j z. al-lulu* to give up the ghost, die; to weary, be-

daisy; ^»j)1 »L orange-flower water come tired (j* of s.th.), be diBgusted

(j* with a.th.) IT to bring about the
•j»j zaAra (n. un.) pl. -St flower,
ruin or downfall of s.th. (*) ; to destroy,
bloesom; splendor, beauty
annihilate (* s.th.); (rjj\) ,^-iJl J»jl
»j*j xuhra brilliancy, light, brightnesa; to be disgusting, be revolting
beauty J--*)l »yj bluing
|
Jyj xahQq dying, passing, bound to
•yjJI oz-ruAara the planet Venus vanish

tSjtj xuhari ByphJlis | iyy j^l^l >j nthm offensive smell

venereal diseases
*j zahim malodorous, fetid

~o j>j zuhriya pl. -5* flower vase

m *>j zuhtna offensive smell
jl>j zoAAdr Aorist <>j*j zuhüma offensive smell

tfjlyj zahräwf gay, merry, oheerful

zoAd u (zahw) to blossom, flower,
(_H>J) l*J
(person)
be in bloom; to grow, thrive; to shine
j*j\ azhar* shining, luminous, radiant, brightly, be radiant, glow, gleam; to
brilliant; bright; — (elative) more ra- give o.s. airs, be haughty, oonceited; to
diant |
ul^j^/l sun and moon; j*ji\ a*U- pride o.s. (<_» upon, both in a favorable
<""* j»yi\ ^.U-l AI Azbjtf'Mosque and and a pejorative aense) ; pass. ^j zuKiya
üniTersity in Cairo to be proud, conoeited (<_> of), pride o.s.

(<_» on), boast (<_» of), vaunt (<_» s.th.)

tSj>j\ azhari of or pertaining to AI
IT to hlosaom, flower, be in bloom; to
Aznar; (pl. -ün) Azhar Student
grow, thrive; to give o.s. airs, be con-
j>y mizhar pl. _f\j* mazdhir* anoient ceited, be boastrul Till ^*j\ izdahä and
Arabio variety of the lute; (now pro- pass. uzdvhiya to be self-satisfled, 00m-
nounoed mazhar) a kind of tambourine placent, conoeited, proud; izdahä to
shine (<_» at, in s.th.), have (<-» an ac-

oomplishment) to show; to boast (<_>

*lj*j* mazhariya flowerpot
of s.th.), vaunt (<-> s.th.)
j*j tazhir bloom, floreeoenoe
j*j zahw and 2uA£u> bloom, florescenoe
jl>jl izh&r florescenoe
splendor; beauty; pride; haughtiness,
jUjijl izdihär flourishing, floreeoenoe, arrogance ; vanity, a vain or futile thing
bloom, beyday or things; fun, play, amusement
 ;

385 *SJ

aj xahly brilüant, splendid, magnif- ^/f-j ziji marital, matrimonial, eon-

icent, gorgeous, sumptuouB jugal, connubial

»Uj zahä' radiance, brillianoy, splendor Vrjj zaujiya pl. -ät matrimony, mar-
riage
•Uj zuW number, amount ruAd'a ;

p-l j zawäj marriage j* with) wedding

roughly, about, some (with foll. flgure) j (
;

matrimony, wedlock r^jfl ***-j woA- |

aj\ azhä more flourishing; prouder,
dat az-z. monogamy
more coneeited
r-ljj- mizwäj frequently marrying
»Uijl izdihä' bloom, floreaoenoe, flour-
ishing; heyday; shining; gUttering, splen- jf.jj tazwij
1
marrying off (of a woman,

dor, radiance; pride (both in a favor- ü-to)

able and a pejorative sense) r-ljj ziwäj doubling, duplication; par-

brilüant, radiant, allelism (rhei.)

•Ij zähin shining,
resplendent; glowing; splendid, gorgeous, y-jl^. muzäwaja pairing, coupling, cloee

magnificent, gaudy, beautiful union (of two things)

_>»j- mazhüw proud (uj of); haughty, tjj tazawwuj marriage

superoiliouB, vainglorious; cooky, over-
r-jly tazävruj intermarriage
bearing
r}j*j\ itdiwäj pairedness, doubleness;
iüjj Bee gj O coupling (d.) | ^j* ^j*j\ (daribi)

double taxation
l
rjj H to pair, couple (^. or u > s.th. with),

join in pairs or couples (* B.th.); to tj'j- mutazatuwij married

double, geminate (* B.th.); to employ muzdawij double, twofold, two-
p-jjj-
paraUelism (rhei.); to marry off, give
(e.g., of a raUroad: two-track)
in marriage (•, u.j^U agirltos.o.) III to

form a pair or oouple; to uae in paraUel 'r'j look up alphabeticaUy

conatruction, join in a pair (jw two
(
cjj) ^}j zäha u = (£j) j-lj zäha i
words, rhei.); to marry, join in wedlock,
unite in matrimony (j — J% 8 -°- with) ijj II to Bupply with proviaions ( s.o.), Pro-

V to get married (,>., uj, J*, • with), marry vision (a • s.o. with); to provide, supply,

(ü-t V» J*» * B -) TI to intermarry; to

' equip (uj *, • s.o., B.th. with); to endow
pair, oome together forming a pair, be (u* • s.o. with); to enrich (»-« * s.th. with)

in pairs, be double VIII pjjjl izdawaja to IV to supply with provisions (• s.o.)

pair, be in pairs, be double, appear twice V to be supplied (with provisions); to

take along provisions (on a journey);
rjj zauj pl. r'jJ' oxwäj one of a pair;
to learn (j-. from s.o.); to provide o.a.,
husband; wife; mate, partner; couple,
supply o.a., equip o.s. (i~> with)
pair (also, e.g., of shoes); dual uU-jj
oouple jlj zäd pl. jlj jl azwäd, öj jl azvrida

provisions, supplies, stores

VjJ xauja pl. -SA wife
iljj xawäd provisions
\jtj zija marriage, wedding
•jljj zuwwäda provisions
jtjj zauji in pairs, paired; double;
marital, matrimonial, eonjugal; doubles jjj* mizwad pl. ijlj- mazäwieP, Jj'j-

(tennis) mazaid* provision bag, haversack

>*J

li\j» mazäda provision bag, haversaok jtjjjl izwirür turning away; averae-
neaa, aversion, dialike, distaate
jüjj tazwid supply, purveyanoe («y

of ), proviaion, equipment (i~> with) J\j zä'ir pl. -ün, j\j j zuwuör, f. \j\j

manning (of ahips) zd'ira pl. -ät, jjj zuunoar viaitor, caller,

gueat
ljS\j pl. jjljj 806 -bj

jj j* mazür viaited
Jj> iMuawurid pl. -ün oontraotor, aup-
plier, fumiaher, purveyor, victualer, jjj» muzatowar forged, false, counter-

caterer feit; obtained by swindle, faked

Jj> muzatawad provided, supplied, jjj j zauraq pl. jjlj j zatoäriq* boat, row-

furoished (^ with); equipped (<-> with); boat, skiff |

jjU: jjjj (buJfäri) ateam
armed (v with guns); connected («^ launch; 0—Jl Jjjj z. aß-faid fiahing boat;

with), attended, accompanied (»_j by) •UJI Jjjj z.an-najäh lifeboat; O Jjjj
t^-U torpedo boat
(jj j) jlj zära u (zaur, «jIj j ztydra) to viait

(• s.o.), call ( on s.o.), pay a viait { to); J

(j-jj) jjj z&ga u {zaug, üUjj zatoagän) to

to affiict (• s.o.) II to forge, falsify, turn aaide, depart, deviate (j* from),
counterfeit (* s.th.); to fake, aimulate awerve; to deviate from truth, to swindle;
TI to exchange viaitB IX to tum aride, aee also ij j TI to tum aaide, swerve

tum away, dissociat« o.s. (je- from); to

*£ lj look up alphabetically
be averse (j* to s.th.); *j jjjl to turn
s.o. away, alienate s.o. (j* from) X to »Üjj züfä', jjj züfä hysaop (60*.)

deaire a.o.'a (•) viait

1
Jj j II to adorn, embelüah, ornament, dec-
jjj zaur Upper part of the ohest; orate (* s.th.); to picture, viaualize (*
throat |
jjjll ^T sore throat
a story, in one's imagination)
jj j zur lie, untruth; falaehood oL#-i
|
Jlj j zawöq embelliahment, adorn ment,
jjj\ Sahädat az-z, false teatimony oraamentation decoration; finery,
; attire;

jjj zur foroe jjj\> by force, forcibly faoe painting, make-up, ooametics
|

zawar inolination, obliquenesa, 3jj» muzawwaq adorned, embelliahed,

jjj
alant; crookedneas; falseneaa; perfidy,
ornamented, decorated; florid, flowery

inaidiouaneaa ; aquint (apeeoh) ; dreaaed up, meretricioua, ahowy,

gaudy
»jjj zaura (n. vic.) pl. -ät viait, call

Jjj'Ji JjJ'J 1°°^ U P alphabetically

1
Ij\j j ziyära pl. -dt viait; call (social, of a
doctor) (Jjj and Jjj) J lj zdla (Ist pers. perf. zultu) u
(Jljj zawäl) to go away, withdraw (j*
jjj I azwar*, f. »Ijj j zavrä'', pl. jjj
or ,> from), abandon, leave (j* or j. s.o.
zur inolined, slanting, oblique; crooked,
or s.th.); to diaappear, vaniah; to abate,
ourved; squint-eyed, oroaa-eyed
calm down, die down, oome to an end;
j\j» mazär pl. -ät place which one
to go down, set; — (Ist pers. perf. ziltu) a
visita; ahrine, aanotuary of
(zaÜ) to oeaae (with uegationa only) |

j_jj taxtüir forgery, falaification yjj" Jjj: i_

,-^-H Jlj (gadab) bis wrath
|

olx-JI j (aanadäi) falsification of doc- abated; JyrjJI & Jlj to cease to exiat;

uments — of JiJ: vifo neg. J'J U J>. (*

 387
iSJ

(yazal), Jlj_ V äquivalent to Engl, "still, L*-jJjj zölöjiyd zoology

yet": <UI cJj L (a/'aivAti) I have not
fjrjijj z&löji zoologio(al)
oeased to do it, I (am) still do(ing) it;
LtÜ Jlj L he ia still standing; j Jlj L (fjJ) f'J *&ma « («?*) to growl, anarl (dog)
he has not oeased to be or to remain in, II to mumble, mutter
he is still in; 4JI **-U- j Jl> V he is
j»jj rfim pl. j»ljjl azwdm juioe, aap
still in need of it, he still needs it; Jl > V
<* jTi J» (j£tfcrm) he still remembers 1
o\j, «Jlj look up alphabetically
bim II Jjj zawwaia to remove, eliminate

— 'jljj ziwdn, zutvän = uljj (q.v.)

(* e.th.);
Jjj zayyala to separate»
break up, disperse, soatter (* s.th.) zatoä
iijj % to contract, wrinkle, knit (*
III Jjlj zäwaia to puraue {* s.th.)» devot« s.th., e.g., the eyebrows); to remove (*
o.s., apply o.s. (* to); — Jjlj zdyaia s.th.); to hide, conoeal (* s.th.) [ U ^jj
to separate, part (*, * from), leave, quit, «JL* JV ('ainaihi) he knitted his eye-
abandon (*, • s.o., s.th.); to separate brows, he frowned (in anger, and the
(0« s.th.) jUI Jjlj to move out of the like) IX and V to withdraw into a
|
corner,
houae, leave the house IV to cause to go into seclusion, retire VII do. ; to keep
oease or stop, make disappear or vanish to o.s., live in seclusion or retirement
|

(* s.th.); to remove, eliminate {* s.th.),

•-lU j tsj'j I (jiidihl) to crawl mside o.s.
put an end (* to s.th.), do away (* with (out of Bhame, and the like)
s.th.), make a olean sweep (* of s.th.)
»lj> I tnzttoT retirement, seolusion,
VI JjJ> tazäyala to be disjointed, inco-
isolation
herent; to pass away, oease, stop
«jjlj zäwiya pl. Lljj zawäyd oorner,
Jjj xaul pl. Jlj jl azteäl person, body,
nook; angle (iruüh.); small mosque,
figure; nightly apparition, speoter, ghost,
prayer room; (North Afr.) a small oupolaed
phantom, spirit
moeque ereoted over the tomb of a
Jljj zawäl end, passage, extinction, Muslim saint, with teaching faoilities and
disappearance, vanishing, oeasation; set-
a hospioe attached to it, usually the
ting (of thesun); noon JljjJi £;_,- ephem- establishment of a religious
|
order 1

eral, evanescent, fleeting; Jljjli .u> in the Zj\ß

öU.1 (hädda) aoute angle; hjSß
afternoon ; J I jjJI x* around noon, by ezternal angle; LljjJI ^jLi.
«*rjU-'l mu*
noon; JljjJi it»- ifaff az-z, meridian tasätvi z-z. equiangnlar ; «V>»JJ «j jl j)l

Jljj zawäll: «Jljj <**\J\

«*LJI j at (munfarija) obtuse angle; «UÜl ijljJI

four o'clock in the afternoon, at four p. m. right angle; «jjljJl ^ hajar az-z. corner -
stone; ül=* Lljj j, (muktalifa) from
*Jj j züliya pl. Jljj zawüli (i>., savd.)
düferent angles (i.e., aspeots)
knotted rüg
jjw munzawin seclusive, seoluding; re-
Üjj* mizwala pl. Jjlj* maiäwiP sundial
tired, secluded; outlying, remote, out-of-
-Jjlj- muzäwala pursuit (of s.th.), the-way; obsoure
application (to); aasiduous study; prao-
tice (of aome work, of a profeasion) iSJ D (Jj, Ij j zayyd to dress, clothe, ooetume
(v » s.o. in) V (j>, L>" tazayyä to dress,
«Jljl izdia removal, elimination
put on a dress or cos turne; to dress up,
Jjlj zd'ü transitory, passing, eva- smarten o.a. up; to be dressed, be olad
nesoent, fleeting, ephemeral, short-lived (>-> in), wear (>_> s.th.)
iSJ

t£J tiyy pl. »Ij jl azyä* olothing, dress, (£ j) ^'J zÄAa * (zatA, zuyüA, ÜU j zaya* ^j
apparel, attire ; O uniform ; outward Aan) to go away, depart, leave IT to
appearanoe, make-up; oostume; style of remove, drive away, banish (* s.th.), do
dreaa, manner of dreaaing; faahion; ex- away with (*); to take away (* s.th.);

terior, guise, form, shape |

Jl»oJ-I jjJl
J* to pull away, throw baek {* a ourtain,

fashionable, modish, stylish a veil, eto., j* from s.th.) |

j* fliDI *>[)!

to reveal, disclose s.th. ; Jli/ j* jb-Jl *-ljl

jj j zaibag (= jJJ iCta^) quicksilver, mer- (tim$äl) to unveil a monument VII to go

cury away, depart, leave; to be pulled away,
be thrown back (ourtain)
c-j j II to oil, lubrioate, grease (* a machine,
and the like); to add oil {* to some food) £J lih pl. »L jl azyäh (etraight) line

c-j j zaü pl. &jij ruyüt oil (edible, fuel, r}ij zayyäh pl. -dt religious prooession

motor oil, eto.) jU- Cj j (Aan*) linseed

|
5*-ljl izdlJM removal, abolition j
i*-ljl
oil; _>L- c-j j (AuZw) sweet oil, oil free of jb^Jt unveiling (of a monument)
hydrogen sulfide; C>jL\ c-jj 2. ai-A£t

cod-üveroil; £jjJ-'l dj jz.aJ-£tru»*oaator (4jj) ilj zdaVz * (SjIjJ ziyäda) to become

oil; iiJL—Jl C-jJ z.as-samak ood-liver oil; greater, beoome more, grow, inorease,

***il)l c-jJ lubrioating oil; pl -aT^1fl ;

Cj j be compounded, multiply; to be greater,
fuel oil; jLJl £jj z. al-gäz kerosene be more, amount to more (j* or Je than),
exceed ( j* or J* a.th., an amount, o> by),
zaiti oily, oil (adj.), oil-bearing
Jj j j
go beyond an amount or number (J*);
ViJ «j^-* or S-ÄiJ 5^-jJ (jrüra, lauAa) oil
to augment, increase, Compound (* s.th.)>
painting
make (* s.th.) grow or increase to step up, ;

oL j zayyät oil dealer, oilman raise (j-, * s.th., J! * s.th. to); to add
(Jp * s.th. to); to add, make additions
ü>üJ zaiiün (coli.; n. un. !) olive tree;
(Jp to), enlarge (Je s.th.); to extend,
olive(s) | djjß -u-l ahad az-z. Palm
expand, further, advance, promote, in-
Sunday (CAr.); öjüß J-*- /oooZ az-z.
tensify (
j or ,> s.th.); to give more
Mount of Oüves (Jerusalem)
(a m to s.o. of a.th.) | J* -Ij> ^/ it is no
ÄJyü j zaitüna (n. un.) pl. -dj olive tree; more than ..., it is only ...; ^*lj ilj he
olive | *j_fyß a*V the Zaitouna Moeque added (in speeoh followed by quotation)
(large moeque and university in Tunis) Ol iöi J* jj (z«f) (prop. : add to it that . .
.)

in addition to that there is .... what's

Jji j zaiHJnl olivaceous, olive-colored,
more, there is . .
. ; furthermore, moreover
olive-green; (pl. -fin) student of the Great
^1* *jtj (*üman) to teil s.o. more about
Moeque of Tunis
it, supply s.o. with more Information
3Jyü j zaitüniya, i-iyü jll .u-l aAod az-z.
II to increase, augment, Compound, make
Palm Sunday (Cop(.-CAr.) grow III to make a higher bid (» than

ö j* mozyala oil can, oiler s.o.), outbid (• s.o.; at an auetion) V to

increase; to rise, go up (prioes); to make
c-;> muzayyat oiled additions, add embellishments of oue's
own, exaggerate (in telling s.th.); to be
V.j 2*7 leveling line (used by masone);
long-winded, verbose j-, J*JI j* Jj.>~
ephemeris, astronomioal almanao |

üj*n ('Um, ma'rifa) to aoquire additional

ifj zija and ^ j rf;i see rfj knowledge, increase one's knowledge VI to
 389
jiJ

outbid one another; to increase grad- Juir with many, many thanks; .Jt-^l -ü^x
ually, be growing; to beoome more bi-m. il-asaf with the greatest regret;
intense, intensify; to beoome more and ^Llj^l Jj^x with extreme satisfaotion;
more, exceed more and more (j* s.th.) •*d> t> ^ lt^ **• " unflurpaasable, it's
VIII i\ij\ izdäda to grow, be growing, not to be outdone
increase, be compounded, multiply |
•JjI> nvuzäyada pl. -dt auction, publio
»Kö jbjl (bukä'an) he wept more and
sale
more X to demand more, ask for more,
go up with one'fl demands; to try to Jj> tazayyud exaggeration (in re-
achieve more; to aim or work at an porting), one's own embellishments or
increase, expansion or extension {* of); additions, fables, yarn

to ask (• s.o.) to give more of s.th.

ul> tazdyud (gradual) increase, in-

^j-b^il az-zaidlya a Shiitie group form- crement, growth

ing an independent common wealth ( Yem-
jljjjl izdiyäd increase, growth, rise,
en)
intensification

±y_ß az-zuyüd the Zaidites, adherents ol>-( istizäda a striving for more;
of the Zaidiya soct
pursuit of an increase, expansion or
öLj ziyäda increase, increment, ac- extension; desire or requeet for more
|

cretion, growth surplus, overplus, excess

;
Oj>J. otjwl jj |1 (yabqa, li-mustazf-

increase, augmentation, raising, Btepping din) there is nothing to be added, nothing

up; enhancement, elevation, intensifi- more need be eaid about it

cation; extra pay, allowance (in addition

Oj I
j zaid increasing, growing ; ex-
to the salary); addition; »iL j ziyädatan
cesaive, immoderate; exceeding (je- s.th.),
in addition, additionally j* «jLj (ziyü* in excess
|
(je- of) ; additional, extra, super-
datan) over and above, beyond, in excess
numerary |
i^-U-l je- a*lj more than nec-
of; regardless of; aside from; ijlj «Jj»
essary, surplus
*L^ hammalahü z. 'an iahammulihl
jt.

he loaded him with more than he could S-Jijzä'üJapl. -Jljjxauü'üf appendage,

carry; dJii «jljj (ziyädatan) more- appendix (anal., zool., bot.); outgrowth
J*
over, beaides; -JL-JI^J.1 SjL J excess of (med.) | *±j~ iJjlj (mi'awiya) and i.Jlj

births; rLi^l *^.J (*4äh) m Order to <l*j j (düdiya) vermiform appendix

make even clearer, for further (anat.)
it eluci-

dation xAj* muxäyid pl. -ün bidder, outbidder

-ü j l azyacP more excessi ve, higher,

(at an auction)

greater, bigger bljU mutazäyid Bteadily increasing,

swelling
*\y* mazäd pl. -ät auction, public Bale

l
ijj* mazld an exceeding (J# of s.th.); jj II (mor.) to close <* a button)

excess, superabundance high degree, ;

Vj 2*»" pl. jLj jl azyär, jLj zt'yär (ep., mojf.)

large extent; utmost, maximum; (with
large, almost oonical jar, made of porous
foll. genit.) excesaive, extreme, utmost,
clay, for storing water
highest, greatest, Superlative ; pass. partic.
of I : increased, etc. ; the derivative stems Vj zir the highest string of stringed in-
of the verb {gram.) |
^^Ul -ü^e bi-m. ü- strumenta (mus.)
JiJ 390

jj ziz (ooll.; n. un. ») pl. u\jjzizän cioada; Hif J) zäna % (zain) to decorate, adorn {*
chry Balis s.th.) II to adorn, deoorate, embellish,
ornament (* s.th.); to graoe (*, • s.o.,
üjij j zaizafün jujube (Zizyphus; bot.) ; linden
s.th.) ; to Bhave (* s.o.) ; I4—Jü C-IjJ (nafaahä)
tree
to make herself up (lady); to paint in

glowing tones, present in a favorable

1
{mj) Hj zdga i (zaig, ulijj zayagän) to
light, extol (<J, Jl m B.th. to b.o.); to con-
turn aside; to depart, deviate (j* from);
to swerve; to turn away (j* from), turn
jure up {* B.th., J before s.o.'ß eyes),

create visiona (* of s.th., J in s.o.'s

one'sback (j* on); to wander, Btray,
mind), lead b.o. (J) to believe (ul that);
roam (eyes) IT to cause (* s.th.) to de-
to give (J s.o.) the idea (jl to do s.th.),
viate | *_rmi J» Mjt
I {bafarahü) he looked
past me, he snubbed me suggest (jl J to b.o. to do B.th.) V to be
decorated, be adorned ; to dreas up,
mj zai§ and üIm j zayagän a turning smarten 0.8. up, spruce up, preen o.a.;
aside; deviation, departure (jt from) | to shave, get a shave Till üIajI iidäna
i\ju*j «j j (aadäd) erring and doing right, to be decorated, be adorned; to be
wrong and right graoed

äjIj zä'ig deviating, divergent; false, jr j zain beauty ; beautiful, nice,

wrong, distorted, perverted |
UJlj £*\JmJ pretty
(nazarät) wandering glances
<* j zina pl. -ät embellishment, adorn-

Mj look up alphabetically ment, ornament, deooration; olothes, at-

tire, finery; toilette |

«ij-jll <-*j z. al-wajh
(«Ju j) Jilj zäfa i (zaif) to be false, be spuhous make-up; ojll £~u bau az-z. beauty
II to counterfeit (* money); to declare shop ; *-i-jjfl jLitf I ornamental trees
(* s.th.) to be false or spurious ojJI oULj nabätät az-z. ornamental plante
Juj zaif falseness; pride; (pl. J»y_ j ijjJI u\jm- kuivdn az-z. dressing table;

zuyüf) false, spurious, forged, coun- <ijj]l *ij* gurfat az-z. dressing room
terfeit
jL j zayän beautiful

«Ju jl azyaf* falser, more spurious OL j ziyän embellishment, adomment,

Ju>" tazyif falsification, forgery, coun- decoration; ornament

terfeiting üLj zi'ydna barber's or hairdresser's

Ju\j zSif false; forged, counterfeit, trade

spurious «Jlj jL*-l false reports; syü tazyxn adorning, decoration, orna-
|
CnJ
Uu\j counterfeit money mentation; make-believe, sham, pretense

<Ju> muzayyif forger, oounterfeiter

lf y mwayyin barber, hairdresser

*Ju> muzayyaf forged; counterfeit, ^ymuxayyan decorated, ornamented,

false, spurious; pseudo- adorned (»-* with); graoed («_j with)

*jj j II (eg.) to creak, screeoh jl-ij* muzdän decorated, ornamented,

adorned [>~> with); graced (<~> with)
"jjj zlq pl. JL jl tuyög collar, neckband;
border, hem (of a garment) jlj look up alphabetically

(JiJ) Jlj and II, III, VI see Jjj j&j zinkO zlnc
 ,L

- aa shortened form of «au/o (q.v.) request V taaa"ala and J^_j tasatvwala

to beg VI to ask; to ask o.a.; to ask one
üLjL- aätän satin
another; (je) J* J.LJ to ask o.s. whether

r-L- «a; pl. öU>r* **7<> tt teak, Indian oak (about); to inquire (je about)

CjU-L- säjät castanets Jj- su'l demand, request, wish

*Jj-- sula demand, request, wish

JjL- «öda simple; piain, unicolored, uniform
(fabric) |
oU »_^ (gaAuw) unaweetened Jlj- suäl pl. <il-l <w*üa question (je
coffee about); request (je for); inquiry (je
about); demand, claim

Jlt- sa*äl given to asking questions,

_/- aa'tra a to remain, be left
inquisitive, ourioua

j^- *u'r pl. jUl cw'ör rest, remainder,

JjJ-- sa'ül given to asking questions,
remnant, leftover (eap. of food and bev-
inquisitive, curious
eragea)
«Jt—. {Ü: .) mas'ala pl. JJl—. nuuil'tl 1
•jj* su'ra rest, remainder, remnant, question; issue, problem; matter, affair,
leftover (esp. of food and beverages);
case; request
vestige of youthful vigor
ü»L_* muaaala questioning, interroga-
j-'U aä'ir remaining; rest, remainder;
tion
(with foll. det. genit.) all
dj-j tasawwul begging, beggary
üjJULJl as-säsäniyün the Sassanidae, a
JjLJ tasaul (self-directed) question;
dynaaty of Persian kings (226—651 A.D.)
questioning

jpL> sägö sago JJL- sä'il pl. -ün, Jlj-- «t"ä7, *JU «o'aio
questioner; petitioner; beggar
jTU säkö, »jTU sack coat, lounge jacket

Jj_|—• mas'ül responsible, answerable,

jU sa'ala a (J'_J-- au'äl, *Jt—• mas'ala, JLJ
accountable (je for)
taa'äl) to ask (je or * s.o. B.th. or about
s.th.); to inquiie (je • of s.o. about); LJji— maa'üliya pl. -ö7 responsibility

to ask (* j- or • s.o. for s.th.), requeat, (ü* for)

demand, claim (* j* or * from s.o. s.th.) |

Jj-T. muia&awwil pl. -ün beggar
^1 jL- aaalahü iüä to implore, adjure
:
j»U «am Shem (eldest son of Noah)
s.o. that he ...; *jL>-l Je «jL- to ask s.o.

about s.o. eise; **\j JL- (ra'yahü) to i/U *Sm* Semitic; (pl. -ün) Semite
ask s.o.'s opinion, consult s.o.; "lHj-* <Jl—
L.U^JI al-lä-eämiya anti-Semitiam
to ask s.o. a question; JI-j (yus'alu) he is

reeponsible, answerable (je for) III to 2 L* saima a {A~> sa'm, i.L- sa'äma) to be

ask, question, interrogate (• s.o.); to call weary, tired (

j- or * of s.th.), be bored,

(» s.o.) to aecount IV *Jj- JUl [m'lahü) fed up (j- or a with s.th.); to dislike,

to fulfill s.o.'s wish, comply with s.o.'s detest, loathe (jl doing s.th.), have aD
,L

averaion (jl to doing s.th.) IT to oauae to be the cause of s.th., be to blame

or arouae weariness or boredom (• in s.o.)» for s.th.; ^xJ\ £-_,
Jl (yarji'u) the
weary, bore (• s.o.) reason is to be found in ...; v^'j ^
«tp.U-1 SjLJ-l (Howard) to adopt modern
£* sa'im weary, tired, bored
civüization; *>L-Ij *jI—-I
J^»_j (asbäbahü)
rjj- saüm disgusted, weary, fed up to join forcee with s.o.; Ju c*Uiu v^VI
<•!- sa'äma weariness, disgust, bore- relations between off, they
. . . are broken
dom, ennui no longer have anything in common;

w- sabba u (sabb) to insult, abuse, call

Sj-U vW
»jtLS Sdfarahü asbäba l-ma*
sarra to share s.o. 's joy
names, revile (• s.o.), rail (* at); to ourae
i~*~ sababiya causality
( s.o.); to blaspheme, curse, swear II to
oause, provoke,
about,
arouse, produce, bring
V^ sabbäb abuaer, vituperator, reviler
effeot, occaaion (* s.th.), give
*i l—- sabbäba index finger
ooeasion (* to s.th.) III to exchange in-
snlta or abusire language ( with s.o.) k_—^ az&tö pl. »-JL- sabä'ib* Strand
V to be caused, be produced (jp by), be of hair
the oonsequence or result (jp of), follow,
<?•— masabba pl. -ät vilification, abuse,
arise, spring, result (jp from); to be the
insult
reason or cause, be at the bottom {<_> or
j of), be to blame (j for), be instru- t_~uJ tasbib mediate causation (Ist.

mental (J in) ; to seek reasons or motivee Lato)

(Jl for s.th.); to aooount, give a reason L— sibäb abuse,

<_> vituperation, re-
or explanation (Jl for), justify, motivate vilement
(Jl s.th.); to use (i_j s.th.) as a meana
il_ musäbba abuse, vituperation, re-
(Jl for); to trade, be in the retail business
vile ment
TI to insult each other, call one another
names, rail at each other VIII = TI *-!* mtwaWti causer, originator, au-

w- sabb abuse, vituperation,

thor; oLw musabbibät caueative faotors
insults,
oursing »—i— musabbab caused {& by) ^j-JI
|

•—-*—il_r («ÄoÄ) oause and effect

«-* sabba period of time, (long) while
i—j—!• mu&wa66t& causer; cause; re-
V* *&bax fV^H V* *• ol-äläm Passion
tailer, small storekeeper
Week (Chr.)
«-* subba disgraoe, shame, dishonor L. sabä and L- eaba* Sheba |
^-bj Ijjö
L- (tpljj) rf. aüiiya (ay&diya) sabä they
»-«*** sabab pl. v't**' asbäb rope, tent
were acattered to the four winds
rope; meana for obtaining s.th.; reason,
cause, motive, ooeasion (with foll. genit. £'L- sabänafr, sabänüp spinach
or j: of); meana of subsistence; (esp. pl.)

relations (between people) |

j*TI ^^ ,j»L- aee ^L-
main reason; &-I v't-' °* al-hukm opin-
t^-jL- sabäyis and ,j*L- a&SAi spahis, Alge-
ion O'ur.); «*-'J' vW-l luxury; —*-* W- rian natire cavalry in the French anny
sdbabi because of, on aecount of, due to,
by; dJli tj-j—j because of that, for that x
C-w «o&ato u to rest; to keep the Sabbath
reason, therefore; *J i-j—Jt üS* (sababa) IT to enter on the Sabbath
 ; ;

393

c-j-Jl as-sabt pl. 0_>~JI o«-ftu&üJ Sab- «.— masbah pl. £l~* nuudöiA1 Bwim-
bath, Saturday |
C-uJl fji yawn tw-«. do. ming pool
j_>JI <i-y «. an-nür Holy Saturday (Chr.) '— - mw&aAa pl. £U* motf<S6tAs rosary
oL- suMi lethargy; slumber, aleep

JU «utotf lethargio
(mu^i)
|

encephalitis lethargica, sleeping

jLJl Jk\ v W ^o—J
glorification of

-il)
fau&ȣ
God
pl. -Ä,
(by exclaiming
^jLJ taadbih*

OU^-

aiokness (med.)
i»jfc-J fau&i/ia pl. -öt, £rfl—J taaöMA 1
C-w mus&i* lethargio, inactive, mo- glorification of God ; hymn, song of
tionless praiae

1
*l-*-- «a&a< pl. -&, 4i^>l os&üa basket **•_? toabiha hymn, song of praise

*£-»— «ÄtW dill (Anethum graveolens; bot.) f\** «ö6tA pl. -Un, ^L- «vfcfcäA, »U^
«ifcaÄä' 8 swimmer; bather |
»jtxit j £U
j*z>~* sibtambir September lost in thought

r,-- jjaiaj jet (mm.) O VI— «S&t'Äa glider, sailplane, oargo

glider
-w- sabaha a (sabk, **-L- «tfeiAa) to swim
ol^U «ö6»Aö* and £l_^ sawäbih*
(j, ^ in); tD float (fig.); to spread II to
floating onea (epithet for race horsea)
praise, glorify (*ül aUaha, 4> Zt-Uä&t God,
by saying tili 0Uw< subhdna Höh praiae *^ - - muM&6iAa index finger
;

the Lord!); to praiae, extol (.-< s.th.) |

»• b.o.'s praiae,
Ü>w- sabkala glorification of God
•-U* (AamdiAi) to eilig

glorify fl.o.
«-- «joafca u {sabk) to be sound asleep II do.
1

*»»- sabha (n. un.) a awim, swimming to manure, fertilize (^j !/! al-arda the

land)
«•w* svbha pl. CjUt-* aubuhät, «—-

«*6oA. beada of the Muslim roaary; «joafc düng, manure, fertilizer |

er*
Muslim rosary; supererogatory salat (Isl. tf-^ £r- (fcafcwft) manure
Law)
£?*> sabik briny (soil)

Ö»~- subha, sabha

sabahät majesty (of God)
pl. Ol»»-- subuhät,

|
0i\ y-j il»^-
^
marsh, salt
sabaka, sabka
awamp |
pl.

ii*~-
r-L- «&äfc aalt
^jl do.
subuhätv wajki lläh the sublimity, or

the auguat splendor, of God's coun- j-L- sibäk pl. wl aatifca düng, ma-

tenanoe ; **Jj ^ ^r- (^bahät) lofty nure, fertilizer |

fj-iL £1—- (baladi) ma-
heights nure

Äul jl»w *u£Aäna WäA exclamation of i-*- «ofctfc pl. ^1—- jaM'tj; 1 looso

aurprise, eto. (prop. : praise the Lord! (unspun) cotton

God be praiaed!); ^ «11 oU~- God is far

P_;_" (oa&ifc deep,
sound sleep; O co-
above ..., God is beyond ...
ma, somnolence (med.)
p-L- sabbäh swimmer
j^> sabara u i (sabr) to examine with a
rJr* aabüh a good b wimmer; swift and
probe, to probe (* a wound); to meaeure,
smooth-running (lit.: floating; of horseB) fathom,
sound (* s.th., e.g., the depth); to

i^L- sibäha {art of) swimming explore, examine (* s.th.) |

»^iJl jl_>*l j^>
 3M

to probe the depth of s.th., get to the U-. aab'a (f. £— aoi*) seven ; jl* **-*
bottom of study thoroughly £-
j_U
s.th., s.th. «ab'ata 'aiara (f. ; «jA'b 'a&rata)
seven teen
s** «abr probing (of a wound) ; fath-
oming, exploration, examination £- «*&% »fru' pl. fL-l o*6ä* one-
seventh
jL- sibär pl. ju- avbur probe (med.)
^L— «uZnT* oonsisting of seven parts;
»jjr* «dbbüra slate; blaokboard
seven-lettered, oonsisting of seven letters
j^a misbar pl. ^L— masäbir* probe
r

(med.) üj*—. MJ) ün seventy

jL— mitbär pl. ^oL— nuMÖbir1 probe tit*r- «&'ünf septuagenarian

(med.)
Vs*r-H <*:JJ' at-tarjama as-sab'iniya

^^a- «6» small wind inatrument resembling the Septuagint

the oboe (eg.)

oUj-JI (Hebr. fgü'Ot) as-mbü'dt Sha-

»_—x- U ia$a&«i£a to be lank (hair) ; to flow buoth, the Feast of Weeks, or Penteoost,

(teara) of the Jews

^ y sabsab pl. v---L- M&utb 1

deseit, J^»-1
u*W pl. j-^Ll oaSW 1 week |

wasteland | ^ — »-- jii (qafr) deeert, f^ 1

£*-' Pafl8ion Week CÄr ) (

wasteland, desolate region

^jr^ uabü'i weekly; Lfj~*l weekly,

.L** sabufa u («tj»- subita, «tL- «lÄd^a) by the week

to be lank (hair) tw&ü'tyn weekly feature (radio)
=tj r'l
*

.L-« «a&#, «ty, 8abaf pl. iL— «Mj »»I—Jl as-säbi' the seventh
lank (hair) |
£,_jüI .L-. tabf (aabif) ai-

yadain liberal, openhanded, generous; £-- sabaga u a (j-jr* «iiüy) to be long and
<*lül L ;
.- a. ai-gdma sbapely, well-built, wide; to abound, be abundant IV to
of graoeful stature make wide, widen (a B.th.); to make
(a s.th.) oomplete; to bestow amply (J*
Ja?* aibf pl. iL-l aj&df grandson; tribe
upon s.o., a s.th.), shower (* J* s.o.
(of the Iaraelitea)
with); to lend, impart liberalJy (* J» to
iL- «iWxJJ pl. J^U. aobdbif* sboe
s.th. s.th.); to attribute, ascribe (J» to
Ü»L- avbökt bunch, Cluster (of fruit) s.o., * qualitiea) *jJ>J\ i-*l to per-
|

form the ritual ablution properly

iLL «d6öj( pl. \t~t\j* sawöbip aroade,
(Ul. Lato)
roofed lane or street; arohway
äjU säbig pl. £*)j~ Mtcäbitf* long and
J»Lu- n&öf and (eg.) iL- «ubSl aroade,
looee-fitting (garment); füll, oomplete,
roofed lane or atreet; archway
perfect; exoessive, abundant, ample
A^IIto make sevenfold (* s.th.); to divido
into seven parta (* s.th.)
£— sabaga i u (sabq) to be, oome, go, get,

or aot, before or ahead of s.o. or s.th.

*—* sab' pl. A--I <m&u', fj*- subu, (a, •), precede, anteoede (>, • s.o., s.th.,
i*j~' svbua predatory animal, beast of in place and time), arrive before s.o.
prey; lion
(•) at (Jf); to outstrip, outdistanoe, leave
*-* mW pl. *L- «öd* predatory an- behind (*, • s.o., s.th.); to forestall

irnal, beast of prey; lion 'a s.th.); to anticipate {* s.th.); to do

 395 &r
or aay B.th. (
Jl) spontaneoualy before one presa train; — (pl. -ün) preoursor; winner

oan b« stopped; to turn spontaneously, in oontest; O raee-car driver

instinctively, without knowing why (Jl

J--I asbaq* earlier, anteoedent; pro-
to B.th.); to surpass, beat (J* or * s.o.) |
oeding, previous, prior ; former, ex- |

*Li jl *i J-* (an /a'aiaAü) he had al-

^^/l ^ill (muqim) the ex-resident
ready done it before; *LjL»
J-* (an
<1>I *i

gdbaZaAfi) he had met bim before (para- i-i--l aabaqiya preoedenoe, priority;

phrasing the pluperfeot); JjÄli U J-- Beniority

jl {qavlu) we have previoualy (already)

JL- sibdq raoe (esp. of horses); oon-
said that Jr* (Ätiimi*) he
. . . ; <— '
4
s^* f^" '
test | J* \ • » X t £& iL- (*. tatäbu')
had been previoualy sectenoed to ...; 4 X 100 m relay raoe; JL— il OL— raoe
J J-- it happened to me before, I
hone; JLJl (ü '*-•) Li— haibat (mai*
ezperienoed before (Ol that); öl J J--j j*
dän) aas. raoe traok; vj'j^' J'r* ro
*

I have never before J-U *i J--j i ...;

gatta, boat raoe; r^—All jL— «. ot-fo*
(ai) there has never been one before, «WuA arms raoe
(whioh is) unpreoedented; J-uJl «JuJI Jk-*
UjL— muaöbaqa pl. -<W raoe (esp. of
«. s-saifu l-'a4la (the sword anticipated
horses); oontest; oompetition; emulation
censure, i.e.) one has to aooept the ao-
complished faot, there is (was) nothing Jjl—J tasäbvq emulation; oompetition
one oan (oould) do about it, it is (was)
JjU aö&ifl pl. -ün, JL— «u&Mg anteoe-
already too late; «JLJ *i-- (ü»änuhü) to
dent, preoeding, foregoing, previous,
bunt out impulsively (with an utteranoe)
prior; former, ex- ; retired, ret. ; UüL*
II to oause (* s.th.) to preoede or anteoede;
säbiqan formerly, previoualy |
«jlj^f JjU
to premise {* s.th.); to do or give (* s.th.)
(li-awänihi) premature; JjLJI j formerly,
prematurely III to try to get ahead of
at one time, once; JjLJE' as before;
s.o. (•); to try to defeat or beat (• s.o.),
oUI jjLfas it was oustomary before;
seek to get the better of s.o. (•); to race
as usual; «i^-* J^LJl *Lil {mablaQ, aar*
{* s.o.), run a raoe (* with s.o.); to oom-
fuhü) the payment already effected
pete, vie {* with s.o.) TI to try to get
ahead of one another, seek to outdo iJuL- jdotga preoedenoe, priority; pre-

one another, oompete, vie; to try to beat vious caee, precedent; previous, earlier

one another (Jl to ) VIII = TI publication of an author; pl. Jj'j- «*

wäbiq* antecedens ; previous conviotions j

jT^> sabq antecedenoe; preoedenoe, pri-
l

jjl^Jl (,jji or) w>l^"l previoualy con-

j,-
ority j'^^l J-- * al-iarär premed-
|
vioted; &)j~ *J j- (man) (one) previ-
itation, willfulnees fjur.); J-Jl *>u ml*
ously convicted; recidivous oriminal
zat aas. initiative; J-Jl Jj- ]

^1 ÄJüL» «ö&i?ti/a: -U*AJl *-*;!— *. al-qaad

premeditation (jur.)
jr* aabaq pl. JL-I aebäq stake (in a
race) J_j7 — • _n* £air rruubüq unpreoedented

U— - sabqa: JLÄll U-- e. al-qalam slip LL-m> musaWw^an prematurely, in ad-

of the pen, lapsus oalami vanoe

U-- subqa stake (in a race) JjI—4 muM&tg pl. -fin oompetitor; con-
teatant; raoer, runner
JL- aabbäq antioipatory; precursory;
triumphant | JL- jlU* fast train, ex- JjL-1. muftuö&tg oompetitor; oonteatant
 ;

396

iL- eabaka i u {table) to found, cast (* metal), JliLl J-w J* *^i\ J~ i to quote s.th. as an
amelt (* ore) ; to form, shape, mold ezample; «Lw J*l see ^U; J—Jl *j cJLi
(* s.o.); to formulate (* s.th.); to poliah he was at his wit's end; tiÜJ j
J* l>rJ
the style (* of s.th.) II to found, cast J-w (Jawa 'aiayya) there is nothing to
(* metal}, smelt {* ore); to braiae, stew keep me from doing that, I am free to

(* s.th.) Tu to be poured into a mold, be do that, it is no sin if I do that

oast
JiU säbü: *LL- J>^L a pubUo, muoh-
(jln- sablc founding, casting; cast (also frequented road
flg., =* arrangement) ; formulatioa (of *LUI as-säbila the passers-by
an expression); shaping, forming (of a
person) oaLil iL* 4*L*> metalluigio in-
Jj— • . iruubül lowered, down (curtain)
|

dustry; 5#jj iL- (diqga) aocuracy, pre- üL-VI, jL-l look up alphabetioally
cision
*—J-- (ep.) sibinsa pl. -<B oaboose, brake ran;
l)L- sabbäk amelter, founder
baggage cor (railroad)
«T L- ribäka founder's trade and activity
4~* «o&oa dotage
*SL±~ aabika pl. iUL- sabä'ile* ingot
•£—• Jap 'agl nuubüh impaired mind
jl.,-» masbak pl. iL L** mat&bile* foundry (esp. due to old age), feeble-mindednees

iL—J kwMi stewing, braiaing (in a

Sit«- sabaMalan indifferently, aimlessly, hap-
corered dish, with scant moisture)
hazardly, at random

J-* II to dedioate to oharitable purposes (* iUL— sabähüa people without work,

s.th.) IT to let (* B.th.) hang down; to idlers, loafers

let fall, drop (* a curtain, drape, eto.,

(^»L-* ^°°^ U P alphabetically
J* over); to oloae, ahut (* the eyes); to
ahed (* tears); to ear, form ears L- look up alphabetioally

J~- tabal (ooll.; n. nn. «) ears (of

jj~* (Fr. tpofi) «66> Bport(fl)
cereala)

iL- sabia manure, düng ^- sabd i (saby, »L- «öd*) to take prisoner,

capture; to lead into captirity (esp. in

iL- sabala pl. JL- sibdl mustache
war); to captirate, fascinate, enchant,

J-w aabil m. and f., pl.

J~- «u6uZ, charm, beguile, intrigue (*, • s.o., s.th.)

iL-l (uotla way, road, path ; acoeas vra = i

means, ezpedient, poaaibUity (Jl to, for); ^- saby capture; captirity

— (pl. iL-l asbila) public fountain; — UL- sabdyä
i^- sabiy pl. captire, pris-
(pl. u^L~ nblän) olay pipe bowl, olay pipe
oner (of war)
(of the Bedouins) j
J^-Jl Ol'
** a*"*-
ragabond, tramp; wayfarer, traveler; i-i— MÄiya (female) prisoner

J-w j for the sake of, for, in behalf

rl-*e- nbidäj white lead, ceruse
the interest of ; J*»-j or J;*-* j* by
of, in

means of, through, by; ä\ J^- j for the r '*-*- sibiddj white lead, ceruse

cause of God, in behalf of God and his

O^ abbreriation of jjlf J^ «jiü ttjär*
religion; J^- J* aa, by way of, for:
conunercial register
e.g., i*j*-JI J-x- Jp (tajriba) for a try, ten-
tatirely, **lSCiJl
J^— J* (jukdha) for fun, i-J >4< buttocks, backside
 397

1 ö--
ii- sitta (f. Attt) six; _,-£* *i- at'Uato J—j tasattur cover (mil.)
'aSara (f. «j-i* ö-- attta 'aJfrata) sixteen
O J\- Mtir screen, folding screen
üji** aittün ßixty
j_ji— masiür hidden, in visible masked ;

Jyix fltWünt sexagenarian eheste; (one) having a blamelesa record

oLJI od-Jöti the ßixth (Isl. Law); pl. jüL-a masätir* hidden,
Beeret things
2
D >^~* ritt pl. -ö( lady j—A. c— I a. a/-A«*n
a variety of
|

morning-glory (Ipomoea
j^—I. mutasaüir Q anonymoua

cairica Webb. ; bot.); also — belladonna, Je—, mustatir hidden, concealed, latent
deadly nightshade (bot.) understood, implied (pronoun)

jli-l pl. «ÖjL-I look up alphabetically jz* II to Stack up, störe up, stow {* goods)
to arrange
_£- saiara u i (*a(r) to cover, veil (*, •

s.o., s.th.); to hide, conceal (*, s.o., > tastif stacking, stowing, storage

s.th., j* from); to disguise (jp m s.th.

*zm saih, aith, satah pl. »L^-l astäh buttooks,
from b.o.); to ehield, guard, protect (•
backside
s.o., * s.th., jjt against or from); to for-
give (* J* s.o. s.th.), overlook, condone lj\j?\rigära pl. -ät, j\j? aagä'ir*, j\j? aa*
s.th. (*) done by s.o.
(J*) II
= I; V to be gäyir* (Eg. spelling) cigarette
covered, be veiled; to cover o.a., hide
£&\ asjah 1 f. »l»*<f aajhä* % well-Bhaped,
be concealed (J* from) Till to
*
o.a.,

cover o.a., hide o.s,; to be veiled, be ßhapely, beautiful

hidden, be concealed (J* from)

i& sajada u (*j** sujüd) to bow down, bow
_£- aitr pl. j^i^ sutür, jU^l oaiär in worship; to throw o.s. down, prostrate
veü ; screen ; curtain, drape, window o.s. (J before); to worship (41 God)
curtain; covering; cover (also mtl.);
i^c gajda pl. sajadät prostration in
protection, Bhelter, guard, Bhield; pre-
prayer |
».u^Jl 0*-l ahad as-s. Whitsunday
text, excuse
{Chr.)
ij-* sutra pl. jU> sutar jacket; tunic
ijf? sujüd prostration, adoration, wor-
!jji" sutari (tg.) clown, buffoon Bhip; also pl. of 0»-L- säjid (see below)

jU^ aiiär pl. J-* sutur veil, screen; iU? gajjäd pl. -ün worshiper (of God)
covering; curtain, drape; pretext, ex-
oLc sajjäda, coli. iL« »j'jVld pl.
1

-Vr^
cuse li-O-^-l jli-JI the Iron Curtain
sajäjid 3 prayer rüg; rüg, carpet
|
j i_^-L*
(pol.); lS
±Ü\ jl=-JI (fiddi) motion-picture
öU-JI and oU-JI »title of the leadera
screen; (o1_^Jl) jUI ^ j\z~ barrage
of certain dervish ordere in their capacity
(mil.); *
(J
Z}\ j* jli-JI «ij to disclose, un-
of inheritors of the founder's prayer
veil B.th. (also a monument); jli—Jt »Ijj j*
rüg
behind the scenes, backstage (fig.)

the Veiler, the Coverer

Xw masjid pl. -u-L*. masäjid* mosque |
jlr-JI as-sattär
»U ^w (jämi') large mosque, mosque
(attribute of God)
where the Friday prayer is condueted;
•jIl- aitära pl. J\i* aatä'ir 3 veil; AJ-\ -1-^,1,1 (haräm) the Holy Mosque
screen; curtain, drape, window curtain; in Mecca; ,^^1 -W-JLl (a^pÄ) name of
cover, covering a mosque on Jerusalem 's Temple Square;
 398

L'l-'r- ~H thö two Mosques (of Mecca III to rival, contend; to dispute, debate
and Medina) {# with s.o.); to contest (• s.o.'s right

J^
* to s.th.) |
i^d-l <UU ihadifa) to draw
-u-L- säjid pl. sujjad,
*jf sujüd
s.o. into a conversation, have a talk with
prostrate in adoration, worshiping
8.0.

\^ sajara u to fire up, heat {* a stove, an

eijiü Bcroll; regißter;
oven, etc.) II to cause to overflow {*
J^ pl. -ät liat,

index; <i*"^ reoords, archives |

J»*Jl
water)
i^jUdl (tijäri) commercial register; J^JI

hair)
j*+-* musajjar long and flowing (of ^ill {iahabl) Golden Book; O^LjJl
visitors' book, guest book; ilflij-il)!
^
Jrf?

'«jLc look up alphabetically

Uflt of visitors (dipl.) ; jLW I (£s^# or) jjtf
cadastre, land register; ^jUuJi Jj^JI

tr
^r II to upset (• s.o.) {'aqäri) do.

*j£ aaja'a a (*»f) to coo (pigeon) ; to speak J~»— j Uujü pl. -ät enterisg, entry,

in rhymed prose II to speak in rhymed registration ; dooumentation authentica- ;

prose tion; booking; reoording; tape-recording;

registering (of mail) ^jU»* J^»—J {'aqäri)
*# 8af rhymed prose |

entry in the land register; O^Jl Jr»—J *J

**£ saj'a a passage of rhymed prose (t. ap-faut) tape recorder

«-L- aäji" com poser of rhymed proee Jl^ aijäl contest, competition with
altemate success *^l^ J~u v^-' *—
J*j* sajf, sijf pl. öl^l asjäf, J*jf ntjüf
j

(harb) their battle had its ups and downs,

curtain, veil
they fought each other with altemate
JiIjC aijäf pl. ,_Ä*? sujuf curtain, veil
BUCC68B

^ (Turk. sucuk) ntjuq sausage

(muAammar) fried, or grilled,
|
j+£- Jt?

sausage
iU-L_* musäjala pl. -ät contest, com-
petition; discussion, talk

Jjtf II to register, enter (* B.th.), make an J*»—* musajjü pl. -ün regia t rar; notary
entry {* of to note down, record publio; (pl. -ät) tape recorder
s.th.); J>>~* ^ij^ {

(* B.th.), make a note of (*); to have (> pl. U>_* Jut^ magnetio tape; Jk— .

s.th.) recorded, put (* s.th.) on record, <J&I m. al-kuUiya secretary of the faculty
make a deposition or Btatement for the muaajjal registered, etc. (see II)
J*—* j

official records; to document, prove by Ü>*_. *JUj registered letter; iL»—* il»^-!,*
documentary evidence (* s.th.); to give
(muräsaiät) registered mail; Ü>*_* übU
evidence (*ofB.th.);to score (* s.th., o.g.,
regißter tons; *!>*_• iLi*- (Ä<$/ia) concert
<iL»i a hit); to put down, write down, of recorded mußio
book (J* * s.th. to s.o.'s debit); to record

(* s.th., said of an apparatus; also, e.g., jtf aajama u ( a^ 1

«u/vffl , r L. «jäflj)

*L-—il ül^JJl J on tape); to capture, to flow, stream, well forth (tears, water)
catch (* a soene); to set (* a record; — sajama u • (w;m, p*? «uyüm, j^
athlet.); to regißter (* a letter); to enter sajamän) to pour forth (* water), shed
(* s.th.) in the commercial register; to (* tears) IT to shed (* tears) Vn to flow,

have (* an invention) patented, seoure stream, well forth {water); to be fluent,

a patent (* on) ül <-iJ to go elegant (apeech); to be harmonious; to
|
J* J^
on record for {doing or being s.th.) harmonize, be in keeping (** with)
 399
r
fl*_jl insijäm fluency; hannony; Order plicable (J* a s.th. to; said of a law or

--'- mwn*ijMn harmonious

Statut«) J* *j J*-Jll

extend the applicability of

{'amaJa) to ^ s.th. to . . .

^ eajana u (sajn) to jail, imprison (• s.o.) VII to drag o.s. along, struggle along;

^ sajn detention, imprisonment

to retreat, withdraw,
back (^* from); to be drawn out; to be
pull out, fall

j* sijn pl.
üjf sujün prison, jail
applied (J* to; of a law or Statute)
»Ll*^ «i;'onä' s ,
,>*? aojin pl.
^f ^^ sahb withdrawal (of troops, of
aajnä imprisoned, jailed, captive; pris- measurea, of rights, of money from an
oner, prison inmate, convict account, etc.); (pl. ^.y* »uhubät) draw-
i^jC sajina pl. -dl female prisoner ing (in a lottery)

ültf" sajjän jailer, prison guard, warden ^Itf" sahäb (coli.) clouds

ü^»—* mojsjun pl. O^T^—• w"»*ö;£n a im- ÖLtf" aahäba (n. un.) pl. «_-*= auhvb,
prisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner, prison ^U? sohä'ib* cloud; (pl. -ät) umbrella
inmate, convict (rnagr.); *A& aahäbata during, in the
couxse of (rj-M) jL^Jl **\& aahäbata n~
(j**) ^ *a ? *
,(
u (j* MJW > j** sujüw) to be
nahär {Uyaum)
|

all day long; *A& Uj-

calm, quiet, tranquil (night, sea) II to
L*jj sirnä aahäbata yauminä we have
cover with a winding sheet, to shroud
been traveüng all day; djj *»;ji «jU?
(c_ll al-mayyita the deceased) V to
in the course of four oenturies
cover o.s. (* with a garment)
öU? suhäba film on the eye
*-*=" eajxya pl. -ät, Ll^" mjäyä natura,
natural disposition, temper, character; .
riltf' sahhäb (Syr., Pal.) zipper, slide

pl. characteristics, traits j *~& j* of fastener

one's own accord, spontaneously <_o»_* mashab: »l^il <_o»_* m. al-hawä*

r-L- säjin quiet, calm, tranquil; dark source of the breeze or draft ; draft (of air)
(night)
wjL^-jI insihäb withdrawal, retreat,

yr*~* muaajjan covered with a winding

L
pulling out, evacuation (esp. mil.); res-

sheet, ahrouded (corpae); laid out (corpse) ignation; stretohing, extension

». sahha u t («aAA, r/^ suhüh) to flow i_^-U sähib drawer (of a bill of ex-

down, flow, run, stream j

*\J\ c~& sah' change)
hat is-samd' it rained cats and dogs 4-L •j^ H al-ma&hvb 'aiaihi drawee

ö-Ltf" ,>* 'ain sahhäha tearful eye (of a bill of exchange)

,
<=" sahaba a (sahb) to trail on the ground, Z*& suht, suhut pl. ül^l ashät s.th. for-

drag along (a B.th.); to withdraw (*, * bidden or banned; illegal poesessions, ill-

s.o., s.th., also, e.g., a measure, an Order, gotten property

etc.); to pull out (> troops, j* from);
£jyj? sahtüt Eg. Square measure of 0.304 m a

away
to take (* ,y from s.o. s.th.), Btrip,
(= i/
t4 sahm); — suMüt penny
dispossess, divest (a ^ s.o. of); to draw
(a water) ; to take out, withdraw (a m^ sakaja a {sahj) to scrape off, shave off,

money, from an account); to draw (a Scratch off, rub off (* s.th.); to graze,
a bill of exchange, a lot) ; to unsheathe, abrade (a the skin), strip off (a s.th.)
draw (* a eword); to apply, make ap- II to scrape off, abrade, strip off (a s.th .)
 1
•d*_« miskaj pl. £»-L- fflowÄ»; plane s.th.); to annihilate, wipe out (* s.th.,

(tool) e.g., an army); to wear out (* clothing);

'***+*-* mishaja pl. £»-l—* fnasdAt;* plan-

— sahiqa a, sakuqa u (sithq) to be distant,
far away, remote II to orush; to anni-
ing machine, planer
hilate, destroy T and VII to be crushed,
rl— mishäj pl. py-L- mowAt;' plane be pounded, be bruised, be pulverized
(tool)
j^ sahq orushing, bruising, pulveri-
rj»*—» mashüj raw, gor© (like a skin zation (pl. 3j** svhüq) worn garment,
;

abrasion)
rag

^ «oAara a («Ar) to bewitoh, oharm, enchant, J^ suhq, suhuq distance, remotenesa;

infatuate, fascinate {*, • s.o., s.th.); to depth, vaatness (of an abyss) *J U*?
J

wheedle, coax ( s.o.) II = I; V tc have suhqan lahü away with himl to hell with
a light meal (shortly before daybreak) himl
jjs sahr, suhr pl. jyi «iAür, jU^i j^* sahiq far away, distant, remote;
ashär lungs, pulmonary region of the deep, bottomless (abyss, depth)
body
<S»-l— mu&ähaqa and JU? sihäq trib-
jjs »ihr bewitohment, beguilement, en- ady, Lesbianism
chantment, faaoination; — (pl. jU?l as*
.JLoJl JUfc-Jl insihäq al-qalb contrition,
Vr
Aar, jj# suhür) sorcery, witchoraft,
penitence, repentance
magic; oharm (of a woman)
J»- L> sähiq crushing ; overwhelming
&j# «Art magio(al) | j^ ^li (fä*
( major ity)
nüs) magic Untern, slide projector
3jr*,.- mashüq ground, grated (bread,
j& aahar pl. jU?l ashär time before
nutmeg, etc.); (pl. Je-'— masähiq*) pow-
daybreak, early morning, dawn
der |
.ȟiJI 3j*~-* m. al-fahm coal duat
jyc «oAfir last meal before daybreak
J**-j- mujisahiq al-qalb oontrite,
,_.\1W

during the month of Ramadan penitent, repentant

jU? sahhär pl. -fln sorcerer, magician,
sorape off, shave off,
wizard, charmer
J*" sahala a (sohl) to
peel (* s.th.); to smooth, make smooth
•jU? sahhära sorceresa, witoh (* s.th.); to plane {* B.th.); to file (*

\j\j* sahhära pl. -ät oulvert; (pl. jwU? s.th.)

sahähir 1 ) caae, crate, ehest, box *JU? suhäla filings, file duat

j»-L** masäkir* : »^»-1—* CÄ& I (in* S-U? sihliya pl. JU? sahälin lizard (eg.)

tafajeat) his lungs became inflated (out

pl. J»-l— masähiP tool
J»»-* miahal
of fear or pride)
for smoothing, plane; file
j*-L> sähir charming, enchanting; (pl.
J»-L* «öAiZ pl. J*-l>- «awähiP littoral,
-fin, »j** sahara, jU? suhhär) eorcerer,
coast, seashore; [Eg.) river harbor, an-
enchanter, magician, wizard, charmer
chorage (on the Nile) |
J*-I>JI >*=
5j»-U säkira pl. -ät, j*-\j- sawahir* Jcafar aas. coast guard; *l J*-U V (*&•

Borcereas, witch Atta) Bhoreless

j# sahaqa a (sahq) to oruah (*, * s.o., s.th.); Jp-U «JAiW coastal, littoral; (pl. *Uf>-
to pound, bruise, powder, pulverize (* «auxSAtJa) coastal inhabitant; Swahili
 ;

401

iJL^ sahlab salep (dried tuber of various tsjt* sukri, sikri laughingstook, target
specries of Orchis); a sweet drink made of ridioule; oorvee, Statute labor, forced
of salep labor

j£ saham blackness, blaok oolor \j# fukriya scorn, deriaion, mockary,

irony; laughingstook, object of ridioule
1^ suhma blaoknesa, blaok oolor
IjI*-a maskara pl. -<K, yi- L-• maaäfrir*
fU? suhäm blackness, black oolor
object of ridioule, laughingstook; ridiou-
masquerade
ft\
tuhm blaok
asham*, f. »1^ «ahmS*. pl.
f lous, droll, ludicrous;

j\i^J tasktr subjugation, subjeotion;

exploitation
j# sahana a («ahn) to orush, pouhd, bruise,
grind (a s.th.); to smooth by robbing jt~-* musakkir oppresaor

(a s.th.)
tf saJfifa a (aakat) to be annoyed (J* or
<js sdhna and sahana pl. sahanät, a, • at b.o., at s.th.), be displeased, be

j# suhan (externa!) appearanoe, look(a); angry (J* or • with s.o.), reaent (J* or
facial expression, air, mien a s.th.) IV to disoontent, embitter (»
a.o.) ; to anger, eiaaperate, enrage (»
<*^** mishana pl. j*-\~* masähin 1
peatle
a.o.) V = I

JoC svJpuf, sukf, «akaf disoontent, an-

U\j* sihä'a pl. UU? MAäytS cerebral mem-
noyance, displeasure, indignation, anger,
brane, cortex
irritation, exaaperation; wrath, bitter-
JU^ nAd'i meningeal | v'V-'^' a*j* nesa, grudge, resentment

JU-JI {mara4 al-iit.) meningitis

1L^—* maskafa pl. .L>-L_* masäfeif* ob-

• U»— fnüfcSA pl. ^L-• mosdAm iron ject of annoyance, of wrath, of anger

ahovel, spade
J»^P»—- mashüf loathsome, hated, odi-
ous; (pl. i^*-U- masäkif1 ) (eg.) idol
üUitf «u&tyän, n^ttydn morocoo (leather)
J*i*-j tamJfJfitt annoyance, displeasure,
J# sakira a (sakar, safer, suifur, euJpr, ijt*
anger, wrath
stüpra, j**—* maskar) to laugh, aooff, jeer,

sneer (j- or l-» at), mook, ridioule, deride Je sajeufa u [suk)f, ÜÜC aaffäfa) to be
(^ or ^ s.o., a.th.), make fun (^ or ^ of) feeble (wit); to be stupid, foolish
II to subject, make subservient (» a.o., a
ij»jc sakf, sukf feeble- min dedneas, dim-
s.th., J to or for the purpose of); to make wittedneaa, imbecility, idioey; nonsense,
serviceable (J a s.th. to), employ, utilize,
fooliflhness, folly
turn to profitable acoount (J * a.th. for),
JoJt? sakif pl. J»Gtf rifyäf stupid,
make uae (», • of, J for); to exploit (•
fatuous, simple- minded; absurd, siüy,
s.o., a s.th., J for) V to reduce to aervi-
ridiculoua, foolish; despicable, inferior;
tude, aubjugate (• s.o.); to Bcoff, jeer,
(pl. »Luc sukafä' 1
) fool
sneer
ülje sajeäfa feeble-mindedness, dim-
lj# sukra laughingstook, target of
wittedness ; (pl. -ät) folly, sUly thing to
ridicule; oorvee, atatute labor, forced
do, childish prank
lahor |
ij*~J\ Jl*-j serfs, hondamen
iji+J\ J1>l foroed labor, slave labor •Juli* sakä'if* aüly things
 402
J*-

*]> aakia pl. Jl> eijfäl lamb Jl^.1 ample funds; »^1 j* .j-LJI Jt: («.

an-nafs) only too glad to relinquish or

J* II to make blaok, blaoken with soot,
give up s.th.
besamt (* s.th.) | ij-Uu ^c (bi-fadrihi) to
irritate s.o., make s.o. angry T to hat« •jü* m%äwa generosity

(J* s.o.), harbor resentment (J* against sadda u (stuU) to plug up, oloae up, stop
s.o.), be angry (J* with) up (m s.th.); to clog, oongest (* s.th.); to
J** sa£am blackness bar, obBtruot, block up, barricade {*
s.th., * J* to s.o. s.th.); to block, blook-
*Jc «u£ma blaokne«; hatred, resent-
ade (* s.th.); to cork, plug, etopper (*
ment, ill will
s.th.); to pay, defray, settle, cover (*
(•li? «u£dm soot, smut s.th., esp. expenaeB, a debt, etc.); to ful-

U-itf aa$ima pl. rlic ao^af im* hatred, fiU, satisfy, meet (* a claim, and the like) |

resentment, ill will Ijii x- (JvQratan) to £11 a gap, close a

breach; i*i) .u (fuimatan) to fill a gap;
c
r
y* ao^vT» w, Solana w and xxjcina a (üj* ll*. x* (jfallatan) to remedy a shortooming;
sujfüna, iJlic «afcdna, iiitf ju&na) to be 4i*-U- .u (häjaiahü) to meet b.o.'b need,
or beoome hot or warm; to warm (up); provide for s.o. ; *X*j J- (ramaqakü)
to be feverish II to make hot, to heat, to keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive, eke out
warm (* B.th.) IT = II an existenoe; to provide s.o. with a bare

J& sufcn hot, warm existenoe; to allay b.o.'s hunger; »u .u

(masaddahü) to fill b.o.'s place, »place
UCc safpdna heat, warmth
s.o.; 4**lk* .u to satisfy or fulfill s.o.'f

<j^jc «u£6na heat, warmth olaims; Ulji J*« (farä$an) to fill a gap;
XJ^i\jJ\
J- to remove or remedy defi-
O öfc aak£än t
»L. oü* <. miydA
—
oiencies; sadda i (>jJ- sudvd, *l.u
boiler, hot-water tank
todäd) to be sound, right, in proper con-
O *l*" mkfcäna hot-water bottle |
*\* dition; to hit the right thing, say or do
j»LJ-l «. al-hammdm bath heater, geyaar
the right thing; to be appoaite, be to
olilic mkkänät hot Springs the point II to block, bar, obstruot (*
s.th.); to pay, defray, settle, oover (a
^U *S£in pl. jli* 4u£££» hot, warm
expenses, debts, etc.); to guido (j£- * s.o.

(_^c and Jtf) I> *a£ä v, Jtf w£»ya a (»l> to), Bhow (• s.o.) the right way (j£- to);

mkS) and _jjc m£wmx w (*j\J# saJfdwa)

to direct (Jl * s.th. to), point, level

to be liberal, generous (J* i_j with s.th. (Jl a s.th. at); to aim (Jl at); to sight,

toward s.o.); to grant, award (lj s.th., take aim by a sight; to foous (Jl on;
phot.) ; to draw a bead ( Jl or j£- on s.th.)
J* to s.o.), confer, bestow ((_» s.th.,
J* j

upon s.o.) T to show o.s. generous, dis-

Ljj jo*« (dainan) to pay or settle a

play liberality; to endeavor to be liberal debt; \}j£ jo^- ('ajzan) to oover a def-

or generous VI = V icit; «Uvi> J.L- (Jfufdhu) to guide b.o.'s

stepe IV to hit the right thing, say or do
•L«c mfcS liberality, muni£cence, gen-
the right thing; to be appoaite, be to the
erosity
point V to be guided, be directed, be

a> nfry pL»L>' <«$»y*' , liberal, shown (Jl to) VII to be blocked, be ob-
openhanded, generous; giving generous- structed, be plugged up, become or be
ly (i_j s.th.), being lavish (<_j with) |
5jc ologged or congested
 ;

403 Jjw.

•u sadd plugging, olosing, stopping iL- aädd obstructive

up; obstruction, barring, barrioading;

>jX-+ masdüd closed (circuit; eJ.)
blocking; defrayment (of coats), payment,
settlement (of a debt, of expeneea) ; ful- »_j.u (eg. ; sadab) = i_jIX- saddb
fillment, satiafaotion (of a claim, eto.);
j-U aadira a (sadar, Ijl-u aadära) to be
— todd, tudd pl. AjJ** sudüd, aIjuI asddd
dazzled (eye); to be oonfuaed, bewil-
obstruction, block, obataole; barrier;
dered, startled, dazed; to be deluded
rampart, bank, mound dike dam; ;

weir; barrage, river dam; bar, rail; j-u sidr (ooll.; n. un. I) pl. j-U ndar,
hurdJe (athiet.); bulwark (fig.) |
JUII aJI •ät, jjJ— sudür a variety of Christ's-thora
{'Ml) the High Dam (near . Aawftn) (Zizyphus apina Christi; bot.); lotua tree
|

xtLH x* balloon barrage (mil.); J_Jl !jU iJ

£l\ Jj-u *. a2-muntoAd the lotus tree in
blind alley, dead end the Seventh Heaven; ^^Jll Ij-U iJL to
attain the higheat goal, achieve ultimate
I.U aadda block, barrier; obstruotion,
results
obetaele; barrioade; dam |
JJb^JÜl lxJ\
(Sirydniya) embolism (med.) •jl-U rid&ra pl. j-'l-U aadSir* an Iraqi
headgear, commonly of blaok velvet ; over-
•-U tudda pl. i-u «u&ui gate, door;
seaa cap
threahold; seat; couch, divan | »J-Jl

(iijljLJI)V>-^l (nwfittyo) the Holy See •jIju« siddra pl. -dt = SjIju siddra

j-U «k&kJ obstruction, ologging (of a jjU «Sdir reckleas (j in a.th.)

pipe)
^-o- n to make aixfold (* a.th,); to multiply
il.u «u£Sd payment, defrayment, set- by Bix (* s.th.); to make hexagonal, make
tlement, disoharge, liquidation; the prop- hexangular (* B.th.)
er, right thing to do, the appoaite
^.u suds, sudus pl. ^la-l asdäs one-
thing to aay; appropriateneas, appoaite-
sixth
neas (of a remark), lucky hand (in one'a

aotions) jl^Jt c^ outstanding, due,

^Ij- «w&ftf Bizfold; consisting of six
|

unpaid {com.): ^I-Uj appropriately, appo- parta

aitely; J^l .>1-U«. ar-ra'y levelheadedneas ^jLJI as-addis the sixth

}\x*> eudäd obstruction in the nose ^i— . musaddas hexagonal; hexagon;

hexahedral; hexahedron; (pl. -dt) re-
jl-U tiddd pl. IxJ aeidda plug, Stop-
volver, aixahooter »jLil ,_^-i—• m. iüäro
per, cork | O Js-O " 1 >' J ^ P lu g (<*)
|

Very piatol
ol ju tidäda plug, stopper, cork; O sight
i-0_* musaddasa pistol, gun, revolver
(of a gun)

ij-U oadxd hitting the target (arrow, »j-U »tkio/ pl. .jl^-l asddf darkneas, twi-

spear) ; appoaite, pat, pertinent, relevant, light, dusk

right, oorrect (anawer, view) *i-U sudfa pl. .j-U *uda/ darknesa,
-ul asadd* more appoaite, more rel- twilight, dusk; ourtain

evant
Jju soda&i u i («wH) to let (* s.th.) hang
oji—J tatdfd payment, defrayment, set- down or fall down; to let down, drop,
tlement, discharge, liqnidation | £*£ lower (Je m s.th. on); pass. sudila to
0j.i_aJI outatanding, due, unpaid {com.) hang down (J* on) n and IV = I; V to
 :

Jx* 404

hang down, be lowered, be down VII to 4*-ii- aadäja aimplioity; innooenoe, ingen-

descend ( J* on) uoiisneas, naivete ; homeliness, piain-

ness; guilelessnees
J.U sidl, sudi pl. <jj-u sudül, <Jl.ul

aadäl veil, ourtain pöU *5j£»?, 9ü4%j pl. r-i- auddaj

simple; piain, unicolored-, uniform (fab-
*.L- VII to dry np (spring)
rio); innocent, ingenuous, naive; piain,
+X* sadam sorrow, sadness, affliotion, homely; artless, guileless, oandid, frank
grief (character); primitive

nebula
rJ- aadim
(aatron.)
pl. pi- sudum mist, haza;
^ (Pere. aar head) formerly in Compounds
head, chief; j\*j~> airdär (Eg.) supreme
tx- aadlml nebular; nebuloas Commander commanding general ;_£-*,-
;
Lf
Ottoman
aar'ashar general (in the former
Üla- sidäna offloe of gatekeeper or ousto- army); o\jj\±j~> aaryäwarän adjutant
dian (of a shrine, specif. of the Kaaba) general

öjU sädin pl. iJi- «u&ma oustodian, %j~i ma*

aarra u (jjj^ aurür, 5^-j tasirra, 5^*.
gatekeeper of the Kaaba; sexton, sao-
aarra) to make happy, gladden, delight,
riatan (Chr.); keeper, curator; pl. Üo-
cheer (• s.o.); pass. aurra (jjj~> aurür)
orew (of a maohine gun, of a tank,
to be happy, glad, delighted (J or j* or
eto.)
i_j at), take pleasure (J or ji or u in)

(jO- and j-u) IX to oonfer (Jl * a beneßt on II to make happy, gladden, delight,

IV to oonfer (J or a benefit on oheer (• s.o.) III to confide a secret (*

s.o.) Jl *

to render, perform, do to s.o.) «Jil J *jL- (u4nikl) to whisper

s.o.); (* s.th.) |
|

1..W- «Jl ji-l (£«Jma) to render s.o. a in s.o.'s ear IT to make happy, gladden,
servioe; ol-sLi/s/l <Jl j-ul (iraaddt) to delight, oheer (• s.o.); to keep Beeret,

make suggestions to s.o., advise s.o.; hide, oonoeal, disguiae (* B.th.); to teil

*J j&iJI jj-I (Ittir) to extend one's confidentially, confide (lj or * Jl to

thanks to s.o., thank s.o.; JaJU <ji-l to s.o. s.th.); to teil under one's breath,
be benefioial; mJI (*J or) 4JI j.ul whisper (<-* or * Jl to s.o. B.th.) |
*Jil j j*\

(nu#A) to give s.o. (a word of) ad vice; (udnihl) to whisper in s.o.'a ear (* s.th.)

l.b 4JI ^i-l (ytuftxn) to do s.o. a favor V ^^j iaaarrä (and J-rJ tasarrara) to
take (u or U a woman) as coneubine
^a^ ««Jan pl. «ji-l asdiya warp (of a
(ijj- surriya) X to try to hide; to hide,
fabrio); a oontinnous, prevailing char-
be hidden (je- from); to take as coneu-
aoteristio or trait, thread (of a story, of
bine (l* a woman)
an argument, eto.)
j~* nrr pl. jl^l asrär Beeret; secret
• li- aadäh warp (of a fabrio); a con-
thought; heart, inmost; secrecy; mys-
tinuous, prevailing oharacteristic or trait,
tery ; sacrament (Chr.) ; underlying reason
thread (of a story, of an argument, etc.)
(of s.th.); \j^ sirran secretly, privately |

(£i~ eudan in vain, futilely, to no end, ijivj \j* ('aläniyatan) seoretly and pub-
uselessly |
ji- «_jo to be in vain, futile, lioly; J-Ul j~> 9. al-lail watohword, pass-
useless word; oT_/Ül jl^-l the secret meaning
of the Koran; jJ\ ^-JK" secretary; flf
*-ilJu sadäb rue, herb of graoe (bot.)
_^Jl do.; ^1 US* kalimat aas. watoh-

JA- «a^aU of the rue word, paasword; or £"_,- j to your

J*,-j
 406
**o-

health! oheerio! skoalt *j~* j secretly, »^—. moMrra pl. -ät joy, happiness, de-
inwardly, in hü heart; *j~> «^jmI al'aba light, pleasure ; glee, gaiety, hilarity , mirth
sirrahü to trouble, worry, bother, harasa
~*j~* misarra pl. jL~* masärr* speaking
s.o.; \j^ j^^-l a/rd sirran to dispense a
tube; telephone
aacrament (Chr.); *^ 4il ^-o* gw&ia«
j-J tasarrin conoubinage
ÜäA-u «trraAä may God hallow his Beeret
(eulogy after the name of a deoeased j\y£*\ istisrär conoubinage
Muslim saint)
jL- särr gladdening, gratifying, joy-
jj- r.irri secret; private; confidential ous, glad, oheering, delightful
mysterious, cryptio; sacramental (Chr.) |
jjj— nuurür glad» happy, delighted
«iy-Jl (j^'^*^' venereal diseases
(<_• at), pleased (^ with)
*jj^ sirriya seoret; seoretiveness
j-+ musirr gratifying, delightful, pleaa-
j~- surr pl. '*jJ\ asirra umbilical cord ant

•j* surra pl. -ät, jj*> eurar navel, j^S—a mvstaaarr place of concealment

uinbilious; center
jil^-. surädiq pl. -ät large tent, canopy,
tfj* surrt umbilical |
j^l J-i-l {habt) pavilion
umbilical cord
J»!^ «näf = J»l_^# p»rdf way t path, road
js* tturur, sirar umbilical cord
jl^-. »r<fy palace
jj~, surur line of the palm or forehead
iil^-. saräya pl. -öt palace | iJ^Jl
jlj-. sarär: _^Ül jl_^ a. ai-JaAr last •IjjLJI (fafrd') insane aaylum (eg.)
night of the lunar month
1
Vj- «ari&a a (*»ra6) to flow; to run out,
j\j~, sirär pl. ij-l oMtra, j jLI aaärir* leak n to send in groups or batches {*, *
line of the palm or forehead; pl. featuree,
s.o., s.th., Jf to) V to flow; to run out,
facial expression, air, also *»-^)l yjUI flow off, escape ; to sneak away , Blink away,
a. al-wajh away; to stream, penetrate
steal (Jl into),

jjj* surür joy, happiness, deligbt, infiltrate (Jl e.th.); to oreep (j into);
pleasure; glee, gaiety, bilarity, mirth to aneak, slip, steal (Jl into, among);
to creep along, flow along, glide along;
j s* sarir pl. J^l asirra, j^. surur,
to seep through, leak out (Jl to, of a
j\j~> saräyir* bedstead, bed; throne, ele-
report); to spread, cüculate, be passed
vated seat
around (news) Tu to hide, crawl into ite
'•j
s» sarira pl. jfl^- wrd'ir1 seoret; lair (animal)
secret thought; mind, heart, soul | »LL*
•j-y-Ji jw/ä* tw-a. clearness of oonscience;
Vj- 8%rb pl. vLr-' asräb herd, flock,
bevy, covey, swarm; squadron, group,
•y ^Jl <_-i» tayyib as.-s. guileless, sim-
wing, formation, flight (of airoraft);
plehearted,
heart, mind j J»»J| j* ^^. (ndhl)
» i j-- aarrä* 2 happiness, prosperity | swarm of bees; u^JI ^iU oalm, com-
»l^pjlj »1^1 j {(farrä') in good and poeed, confident
bad days, for better or for worse
i-sj* sarab pl. vLr-' asräb burrow,
*ij>* surriya pl. jjlj- aaräriy con- hole, den, lair (of an animal); Under-
cubine ground paasage; tunnel, conduit
V-T"

<j^~ «ur&o pl. <~>j~- surab herd, flock, rs* *araha a {rys* *Uf^) to ™ove away,
bevy, covey, Bwarm go away, leave; to roam freely; to graze
freely (cattle); to be distracted (mind);
mirage, morgana;
*->Lr*
phantom; sewage
*»rö& fata
— sariha a to proceed freely, at

will, without restraint | rfj r^ {ma*

»->./-* masrab pl. «-o l—• mororift' course riha) to do as one likes II to send (*
(taken by B.th.); river bed; drain, aewer cattle) to paature ; to send, dispatch

ujU dürft oonspicuous, visible (•s.o.); to let go (» s.o.); to dismias (U a

woman by divorce); to grant (« s.o.)
ijU «äriöa pl. vj'j-* sawärib* reptile
leave, d ton*""? (• b.o.) ; to release from an
office, discharge, fire (• s.o.); to release,
*V^- l°°k U P alphabetically
'

set free (• s.o.); to let {* the eyes) wander;

aorfwla to clothe (# a.o.) with a sirbäl
Jj^ to demobilize, disband (* an army)
(q.v.); to clothe, dress (<-• • ß.o. in or
to dispel a.o.'s (^) worries {also ^>
with); to cover, wrap (* B.th., «^ with)
*»j>); to comb {* the hair) »_^i ^- |

II tasarbala to put on a sirbäl (q.v.) ; to put

(ia'rahü) to comb one's hair, do one's
on, wear (* a garment); to be clothed, (nazarahü)
hair; • iii
J -rj~- to set one's
clad, garbed (^ in, also fig.); to wrap
eyes on (Jl) VII j£u ^yJ\ (yufakkirv)
o.a. (t-^ in); to dress up (<-» in)
to be deep in thought, be absent-minded,

Jbj- sirbäl pl. Jj'_r* «oröMi1 shirt; allow one'a thoughts to wander
coat of mail; garment woman by
r\j* saräh dismissal (of a
Jj^^Jk* muforarW: ^LÜli J'../
- *' blessed divorce); release |
*f-\j+ ^l a^laqa m»

with youthfulneaa, evincing youthful rähahü to release s.o., set s.o. free, set

freshneBs b.o. at liberty; **-\_^ ö^i»l itläq s. hiß

release; r-l^—" J^L* muflaq cu-s. free, at

1
r_r- saraja to braid, plait (* the hair) II do.
large
to baste, tack (a s.th.); to saddle (* an
animal) IV do.; tolight (^j-Jl the lamp) £ j* sank and £^ g U ha wker,
peddler
rj* sarj pl. rj_r* ***"*? saddle
oL*-^ sirhän wolf
^1^- siräj pl. £_,- *un*; lamp, light

O «T^l ^1^- *. al-haraka traffio light;

|

•y masrah pl. rjL- masärih* paa-

ture; stage, theater; scene Jst*slt ^y~*

JJjl ^l_^ ». aJ-latf firefly, glowwonn |

theater
«*-'./-* «rö;'a saddlery, saddler'e trade;
J~-r- masrahi dramatic, theatrical,
glanders
stage (adj.)
r-l^* sarräj saddler "*

r f_r~* masrahiya pl. -ät (stage) play

saddler
tSrjs* surüji £j~j tasrih diamisBal; discharge; re-

Vtj,- *urü;'i ya saddlery, saddler's trade lease; demobilization; (pl. £jLi Uuä*
rih*) permiaaion, authorization
4»-j^~l twrüja lie, falsehood
**: jJi tasriha pl. -ät hairdo, coiffure
**_,-* misraja, masraja pl. ^jl—• mo*
ÄÖrtT» lamp; lampstand ^jL- särih: ^jL ^jL grazing freely,

roaming freely; free and unrestrained;

"rjw look up alphabetically
JyM\ *-jL- särih al-fikr distracted, absent-

"ilrr.r* *"7»ft düng, manure minded

 ;;

£j-J- munsarih: rj-iU name of a *lß\j~ airäf = J,l^

poetic meter |
j£iJI rj-i* m. oX-f.hr dia-
9^0 aaru'a u (aira\ sara', **j" aur'a) to be
tracted, absent-minded
quick, fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry II to
rjjU särük pl. Ä jl>- aawärik* rocket urge (• s.o.) to hurry; to urge on (* an
animal); to apeed up, accelerate, ex-
a^- «onwia u (aard) to pieroe, perforate
pedite (* a.th.) III to hurry, hasten,
(* s.th.); to carry on, continue {* a.th.,
niBh, run, daah (
Jl to); to make a beeline
e.g., a converaation) ; to teil off one after
(Jl for); to hurry (j in, with), hasten
another, enumerate {* faots, eventa)
(j to do s.th.), do in a hurry (j s.th.);
to preaent, quote, detail, set forth
to rush, plungewith undue haste (j
neatly (* s.th.) II to pierce, perforate
into) IV to be quick, faat, prompt, rapid;
{* a.th.)
to hurry, haaten, rush, run, dash (J!
Sj* aard enumeration mentioning,
;
to); to hurry (^ or j with, in), hasten
quoting neat, detailed presentation
;
(l_i or j to do s.th.), do in a hurry (*_>

recital, presentation, rendition (of an or j s.th.); to aocelerate, speed up, ex-

account, of a narrative, etc.); coherent, pedite (* s.th.) V to hurry, haaten, rusb,
logical run, daah (
Jl to) ; to hurry (*_> or j with,

'»bj* sarida: jJ^LI S-b^- s. al-maulid in), hasten (u or j to do s.th.), do in

diacouree dealing with the birth of the a hurry (<_> or J a.th.); to be haaty, be

Prophet {during celebration of Moham- raeh («_> or j in) VI to hurry, haaten,

med's birtbday; tun.) rush, run, daah (Jl to)

O masrad index (of a book) 9y* 8ur', sir' pl. fj^-i aard' reina

~**j* aur'a speed, velocity, pace; fast-

v'-V* airdäb pl. «-/il^- aarädib*, «-^al^- aarü*
neBS, rapidity, quickness, promptness;
dib 2 subterranean vault, cellar ; base-
hurry, haste J*\X\ 1*^* presence of
ment, basement flat
|

mind ; Jj-U*J1 *fj~» credulity

jbj- airdär (formerly Eg.) aupreme Com-
U jUj- aar'äna, air'äna, suräna mä
mander; commanding general
(with foll. verb) how quickly ...!; soon,
Jilj- look up alphabetically before long, preBently, in no time

Qj^. aar? ül^-. aur'än,

iJji^ aardük pl. liLil^- sarädik 3 rooster,
pl.
f\j* airä*
fast, quiok, prompt, rapid, speedy, ex-
cock (magr.)
peditious. swift, nimble; ^i^Jl name of
J/.iy- sardin (coli.; n. un. •) sardines a poetio meter ; express train ; Uj ^
aari'an fast, quickly, rapidly, speedily,
^-1^- siräs and ^-'j^- see ^-U- (alpha-
betically)
promptly |
^Idl g^ s. at-ta'attur easy
to impreBa, easüy affected, aenaitive;
pU^r- airaäm a cerebral diaeaae ^L.U-1 gj* quick- witted; O **j& h.j*
a. at-taraddud high-frequency (el.); *i^-
l a
i» v- sarifa (aaraf, uli*^ sarafän) and aarafa
JljjJI 8. az-zaxoäl ephemeral, fleeting,
uito awallow, gulp (* a.th.) V and VIII
do.
transient; JjX^JI «^ credulous; *j ,—
(oLtlUI) jUJI 8. at-püq quick-firing,
üU»j- aarafän pl. -ät crayfish; Cancer rapid-fire; ,_J»aII «^ a. al-'afab fragile;
(med.); Cancer (astron.) J ^^ üU^ Ji^N gj^ s. at'tanaqqul mobile, maneu-
(bahrt) lobater verable, easily manageable
 408

£y-«l asra'* faster, quicker, more ctöjj-* masrügdt stolen goods

rapid j
olj ji 9^ U mä aara'a an 3j-±* mwuariq: »jil\ äj-JL« m. aZ-gtiu»
ra'aüuhü before long I saw him, it did debilitated, exhausted
not take very long before I saw him

Ul_^ nrä'an quickly, in a hurry

«L-i^ aorayuafa 1 Zaragoza (city in NE
Spain)
fjj-»l isrä' acceleration, Bpeed-up; hurry
irfs* «Vgtn düng, manure
£j»J tamrru' hurry, haste; hastiness,
raahness, precipitance ^^ (Fr. cirque) sirk oircus

fy-I* mutasarri* quick, fast, prompt, J"^ (Turk. gergi) aarkf (com.) bill of ex-
rapid; hasty, rash, precipitate change payable to the bearer

ß*s-s* see V ^j* eurm pl. j»i_^i asräm anus

<~Jj~> IT to exceed all bounds, be immod- x*j* sarmad endless duration, eternity
erate, be extravagant (j in» at), exag-
t$X*j~. aarmadi eternal, without be-
gerate, overdo (j s.th.); to waste,
ginning or end
squander, dissipate, spend lavishly (*, J
2
s.th., esp. money) Vd*^_r* earandib Ceylon

J>s* saraf and «Jii_^l isräf intem- 1

j_r* aarw (coli. ; n. un. ) evergreen cypreBS
perance, immoderateness, exaggeration; (Cupressus Bempervirens L.; bot.)

waste, difisipation, extravagance, prodi-

% 6 or ) *1* i*y- to rid b.o. of worriea,
jj-* II (V* ij
gality
and the like, diapel a.o.'s worries (also *
<Ji^_* musrif immoderate, intemperate,
worries); pass. <* &j* and *—Ü je ^^
excessive; extravagant, wasteful, prodigal
<*urr»ya) to leave b.o. (grief, bojtow, fear,

3j~> saraqa i (saraq, sariq, SJ^ aaraqa, sariqa, and the like) ; to regain one's composure,

ö\ij* aarq&n) to steal, pilfer, filch (* j* feel at peace again (after anger, fear or

or * frorn s.o. s.th.); to rob (* ,> or excitement); bis anxiety or unrest left

* • s.o. of s.th.) II to aocuse of theft, call

him; he found relaxation; he was cheered
a thief (* s.o.) m 4JI _^iJl ÖjL- (nafara) up, bis spirits were raised TU c* isJ~i\
or ^WJ! öjU to Bteal a glance at s.o.,
= *:*
&J* {aurriya)

glance furtively at s.o.; j»>J! ÖjL (nau* äs* tariy pl. *\

Jy* suratvä'*, *l;_^l

»») to take a short nap TU paea. of I asriyä*', \\j* sardh high-ranking, high;
Tu! to steal, filch, pilfer (j- * s.th. from high-xninded, noble; distinguished per-
s.o.); to steal (JI into) |
£*JI JJU (sam'a) sonality, notable; pl. *\^ elite, Ieading
to eavesdrop; to monitor (radio, tele- claas, the Upper crust; see 1^_r-
phone,eto.);4JljUüiäj^l = *Ji_^iJl JjU; •lj- MfdA pl. wl J-r- sarawät hill; back;
(^.LüVl Jj^l to gasp, pant
ohief, head; see also ^j- sariy | ot Jy-
«ij- aariqa stealing, filching, pilfering; (•j-Ul «. al-qaum the leaders of the
robbery; (pl. -ät) theft, larceny people

ül_r- »frag thief 4*j~S Uuriya pL -dt diversion, amose-

ment, paatime
JjU täriq pl. «fin, üj- awvju, Jl^
«umJj, f. 5*jU aariga pl. Jj|>- «widrig* Jlj_r- «moA, Je J-r- «Viril pL Jj jl^ «ord-
thief mfP tnxuers, pmoU; drawen
 409
J~
l
i£s* tarä i (^^- suran, ülij- sarayän, ^j— »ülij- suryän Syrians (coli.) membera of the
masran) to travel by night; to set out, East Syrian Churoh
depart by night; to oirouUte; to flow
(jU^ euryäni Syriao, Syrian; a mem-
(electrio ourrent); to emanate, go out
ber of the East Syrian Churoh
(,y from); to Bpread; to be valid, have
validity, be efifeotive, be in, or come i^jj^s* taryäwarän (formerly) adjutant gen-
into, foroe
(J* for), have or take effect eral

(J* on); to apply, be applicable (Je

to); to penetrate (j s.th.), enter deeply
OL^ look up alphabetically

(j into); to pervade (*_£ Jl s.o.'s I

*J»J look up alphabetioally
aoul, of a feeling) | »l^- ^^ (*unJAu)
ILL—
to traveree one's nightly courae ; *Ij*i*
masfaba, misfdba pl. ~^IL^ masäfib1
^^.
stone bench (against a wall); mastaba
(maf'ülvhü) to be valid, be effeotive, be
in force IT to travel by night; to make ^L- aafaha a (mfa) to Bpread out, spread,
(v s.o.) travel by night V ^^-j see ,
-r- unfold, unroll (a B.th.); to level, even,
tarra V plane, fiatten, make smooth (* B.th.); to

tfs* sariy pl. «j^l asriya, üü^ suryän throw to the ground, feil (• s.o.) II to
little creek, brook see also under ^ J-
; Bpread out, spread, unfold, unroll (*
s.th.); to level, even, plane, fiatten,
i±s* aariya pl. \j[^. mräyä (military)
detachment, flying oolumn, raiding party make smooth (* s.th.) V to be spread
Company (mü.) «JL*
out, be unfolded; to be leveled, be
\^. (kayyäia)
|

oavaliy squadron; ol/UJI Zj* aquad- evened ; to lie down on one's back
VII to be Bpread out, be unfolded; to lie
ron of aircraft
flat on one's back, be supine
öljy^ «iroyön spread, diffusion ; valid-
ity, efifeotiveness, ooming into foroe
jJ*- safh pl. ^jL- sufüh surface (also
geom.); plane (geom,); (pl. also 4^U~I
iSj-* nuuran: .u* gj-* mturä muham* ^L-l aafvh)
attiha, (flat) roof, terraoe;
mad the point of departure for Moham- deck (of a sbip); rj±~- sufüh (eg., syr.)
med's midnight journey to the Beven
roof terrace {
j*Jl J*- s. al-bafyr sea
heavens, i.e., Jerusalem
level; JJL «L-> inolined plane
»1^1 «rd* nootumal journey; »I^-Vl
^fJ** aafhi ezternal, outer, outward,
Mohammed's midnight journey to the
outside.exterior; flat; superficial; c>L-»L-
seven heavens
safhiyät externals, superficialities
jU särin pl. *\^ twräh traveling by ^J*-- saphlya fiatness; superficiality
night; night reveler, night hawk; con-
tagious (disease) ; in foroe,
gL** Mffh flat, spread out, stretched
efifeotive,
ont, Bupine
valid | JjaäU tijU in foroe, efiFeotive,

valid ^IL— misfdh threshing floor

«jjL säriya a mood or atmosphere ji_. mutoffah even, level, flat; (pl. -dt)
which prevaUs in, or pervadaa, a room urface i-J*— ^jS (qadam) flat foot
|

(e.g., i-l+Ll j* 4jjU an all-pervading

gloom); — (pl- hü, j\j0, mwdrin) ool-
y*- aafara u {safr) and II to rule (* s.th.),
draw lines (* on a sheet of paper); to
umn; Bhipmast
write, jot down, record (* s.th.) ; to draw
"tflj- and 5j!j- look up alphabetically
|
np, compose (* B.th.)
 . ,
;

41
Ja*

J+* «fr, aafar pl. jj**> su$ür, ^L-l (jL*) LU- «f<J u (safw, »jL* Mfwa) to rush,
asfur, jUc-1 <Mf<Jr line; row pounce, jump (*-> or J* upon), assail,
attack (*-> or J* s.o.); to burglarize (J*
j>L 1
dafür pl. j^lj- «tttüflr cleaver
a place.), break into a place (Je)
3 fable,
ijj*~\ usfüra pl.j*U-*l asäfir
_jL- mfw attack, assault ; burglary
legend, saga, myth; fabulous Htory, yara
housebreaking

j j^L-l iwfür» mythical, legendary, fab- L- sofwa pl. tataivät attack, assault
•_f

ulous influenae, authority; presumption, cocki-

3 ness, pride; power, strength
Ijk». mufara pl. J»l_* masäfir ruler;
underlineB, guideline sheet; see also al-
ÜljL-l look up alphabetioally
phabetically | O v'—^' *A- •
8 ^^° n^°
i*- ga'a see £-j
jU»-* müfär trowel

,>jl*— • mMfarfa («ff.)

trowel jU- ao'tar (= ^—») wild thyme (Thymus
Berpyllum; bot.)
j\U-> fcuflr writing down, recording
.u- «o'üia a and pass. «u'tda {«'d, ol— «*
^k.« musaffar pieoe of writing, paper,
'äda) to be happy, lucky, fortunate; pass.
document
V -u- (*u'ida) to have the good fortune
and derivatives look up alphabetioally of reoeiving or sharing s.th. III to help,
,
j ^t-
aid, aastet (• s.o., j or J* in, with), give
^L- «ofa'a a (eaf, £^L« *u|fi') to riBe; to a hand (j or J» in); to support,
s.o. (•)
spread (dust, fragrance); to shine, be
(j
baok or Jp » s.o. in); to oontribute,
brilliant, be radiant; to be or beoome be conducive ( j or J, J» to) to favor, ;

manifest, obvious, piain, olear enoourage (j or J* s.th.) IT to make

«L- aaf brilliance, radianoe, glow; happy (• s.o.); to help (» s.o.) |
«.u-1

brightness, luminosity V .Ui-1 (Äo22) he had the good fortune

to ...
*k- eafa' thump, thud, plump
o*- «j'd pl. i>*-' sv,' Üd good luok, good
f-^L- «ffi* brilliance, radiance, glow;
fortune
brightness, luminosity
Sj-uJl it-il aZ-tat'a a4-#a'<£{ya the Saad-
«L-1 a^a' 2 moTO brilliant, brighter;
ist union (formerly a political movement
clearer, more obvious
in Egypt); u^jJaJI as-sa'dlyün the
«W- «Jf»' pl. *Uj<* ««*#' radiant, Saadists, the followers of Saad Zaghlül
brilliant, shining, luminous, bright ; mani- (1856—1927)
fest, obvious, olear, piain, patent, evident
o*- su'd Cyperus {bot.)
(proof)
i_*- m'Ü pl. »1.U- su'adä** happy
1
JL- aaiala u (safl) to intoxioate (• s.o.)
about, at); radiant, blissful; lucky,
( v
TU to beoome or be intoxicated auspicious; felioitous |
^T-Ul J^*^ a.a4-

satt pl.Jlk*l o^<«, J>- «ufti dihr of blessed memory, the late . .
JL-
bücket, pail (of wood or metal) oL-. sa'äda happiness; bliss, felicity;

good fortune, sucoess, prosperity, wel-

'JjL-l look up alphabetioally
fare; title of a pasha; aa'ädat ... (with

lk~ «4dm plug, stopper foll. name) title of high officials (3yr.,
f
 411
J~
Leb.) |
JjjU- Your Graoe (form of ad- cU-qaf* disoount rate, bank rate; ULSJl j—
dress to a pasha); SaLJI ^j-L» title 9. ai-qH'a prioe by the pieoe
of a pasha; JiLJl jla "Houae of Bliss",
j*- *u*r madness; frenzy; voracity
anoient name of Istanbul
j*- su'ur madness, frenzy
&j~ aa'üdl Saudi |
«jyjl «SXll
4j^«JI (mamlaka) Saudi Anbia jU- su'är voracity

ol.U* sa'dän ^.»L- Jo'dÄfc 1 j**- sa'ir pl. f*0 su'ur blazing fiame,
pl, ape
fire, blaze; hell, inferno
ülj*- ao'ddno pl. .<U nipple, teat |
ülj*-
^Ul doorknob j»~* mis'ar pl. jt\~» mae&ir* poker,
fire iron
•u-l «'od1 happier, lackier
jU— mis'är pl. jr*l—• moÄTlr* poker,
«J*L— mutfada pl. -<U Bupport, baok- fire iron
ing, aid, help, assistanoe; enoouragement,
j^-j ttu'ir prioing, prioe fixing
promotion
•jm-j ttu'ira prioing, prioe fixing
J*U *TW pl. J*l^ sawä'id* forearm |
|

•jruwlM äjL lajnat at-t. prioe-fixing com-

ycy\ .j*L- j* (atman) he
l is bis right
mission
h&nd, he is indispensable to him; 4iil
J*U iftadda effidvhü to beoome streng,
»j»*J tas'ira quotation (stock exohange)

powerful; •J*L J oi (/otto) to weaken jja—* maVür mad, orazy

s.o.
-U>- TOI to snuff (a tobaoco)
;j*U tfida pl. u»l^ eawffid* tributary
l*j—> aa'üf snuff
^ja_* ma#'&2 pl. -L*l_* matä'id* happy,
Ju-« mis'af snuffbox
lucky, fortunate

J*l—* musS'id helper, help, aide; as- «Juu* III to help, aid, Support (• s.o.) IT to
sistant (adj. and n.); adjutant comply with s.o.'s (•) wiahee (*_* for),

humor (*_* • s.o. in), grant (-• • s.o. s.th.);

•U-. mtts'ad favored by fortune, for-
to help, aid, assist (« s.o.)
tunate» lucky
«Juu* 3a' af (coli.; n. un. •) pl. -ät palm

u- «s'ara a (*»'r) to kindle, start (a a fire, leaves | J**.J\ j*-\ ahad as-$. Palm Sunday
a war) ; pass. su'ira to flare up, run mad (Chr.)
II to kindle, start (* a fire, a war); to «JL-I w'<J/ pl. -# aid, relief, help,
prioe (* s.th.), set a prioe (* on s.th.);
assistance; medioal servioe; «J>L-V1 first
to quote on the stock market III to
aid | «J^mII <jL-l %. al-'ajaza care for
bargain, haggle over the prioe (• with
s.o.) IT to kindle. light, start (* fire)
the aged; <J»L-Vl V 1
*: /am'tyot oi-i.

approx. : civil ambulance Service; JU-j

T to burn, blaze; to flare up (anger)
JiL-VI first-aid men, ambulance meu;
TU to beoome mad, furious Till to
medioal orderlies, hospital corpemen
burn, flare, blaze; to break out (fighting)
ÖL-I/I IjL- aayyärat al-i. ambulance
j*- ai'r pl. jL-l tu'är prioe; rate; ex-
chango rate, quotation (Btook market)
J*~ sa'ala u (ik- «u'ta, JL- *u*<U) to cough
|

-*i-*l j*- *. (U-jpapm disoount rate, bank Ü*- «u'Za cough

(4

rate; iJuLÄll ^*- rate of interest; j**> JL- *u'di cough |

JlJI JUJI (diM)
SoIUH rate of interest; Uüll y^ s. whooping cough
 412
J-
J»- tt'lA pl. ol-U- ri'layäl female iji- IT to descend, sink, alip, deoline (flg.);

demon to stoop (Jl to, fig.) |

4JI >JI J*J (na-

tA*- «'HA pl. JU- «a'ditn female demon foro) to give s.o. a aharp look Tm to
eat, ewallow (* s.th. dry, e.g., a medioi-
jw _jjl afrfl «*'n marabou (zool.) nal powder)

j*0 aa'ä a (aa'y) to move quickly, run, »J»j-i- aafüf medieinal powder
f

Bpeed; to move aoross the sky (moon); «J»Li-l iafäf deoline (fig.); triviality

to head, be headed (Jl for), prooeed (Jl

4ß*iÄ* euftaja pl. £Li- aafätif bill of ezohange
to or toward); to strive (J or Jf for),
(com.)
aspire (J or Jl to); to work (Jl, J
or »Ijj for), endeavor, attempt, make «u tafaha a {safh, ^ji* sufüh) to pour out,
an effort (»Ijj or Jl, J to get or achieve spül, shed (* s.th.) in to whore, forni-
ß.th.); to run after s.th. (»Ijj), pur- oate (• with s.o.) TI to whore, fornioate
sue, ehaae (»Ijj s.th.); to take steps
( j in a matter) | Jl ** y^> to lead
i
s.o.
mountain); pl. r>*-* nat, rocky surfaoe
or s.th. to ...; ULJ ^j^l j ,y*- (/»
J-ar# ftuddcm) to spread evil, cause »-U- M05A shedder of blood, killer,

universal härm and damage; **J- ^-

i
murderer
*Äi]ij (li-haffihl bi-füfihi) to bring afaout j-Li- «/dA fornication
one's own destruotion, dig one's own
grave; .^1 v'>- J tf* QfariÜn i-i.) to
a and tafada i (iLi- n/do*) to oover,
.Li- jq/ü£a

work at the ruin of s.th., undermine mount (Jp or U the female); to cohabit
a.th.; — ta'ä a (^ m'y, IA*~ ri'äya) to (U with a woman) II to put on a skewer

Blander («^ s.o., -U* or Jf to s.o.), discredit (* meat) III to oover, mount (U the fe-

(x* or Jl iy s.o. with) TI to run about male); to cohabit (U with a woman)

in confusion Ajju* nffüd pl. -LilU «afäfid1 skewer,

spit
^- aa'y run, oourse; ,j*JI the oere-
mony of running seven times between
jjt- tafara t (jji- au/fir) to remove the veil
§af& and Marwa (performed during the
(Lfrt*-j jfr 'an xvajhihä from her faoe),
Pflgrimage); effort, endeavor; livestook
unveil o.a.; — safara % (aa/r) to shine,
T
iU- 9% äya Blander, calumniation glow (aurora) II to unveil, uncover, dis-
olose (* s.th.); to send on a joumey,
^f-* mas'an pl. pt— maATtn effort,
oompel to leave, send away ( s.o.); to
endeavor
dispatoh, send off (* B,th.); to embark,
f-U*5*t» pl. -fln, iL*- «t'dA mesaenger; put on board (* passengers) III to travel,
offloe boy, delivery boy; slanderer, oa- make a trip; to leave, depart, go on a
lumniator | >b jJI je-U poetman, mailman journey IT to shine, glow (aurora, s.o.'s

face, etc.); to discloee, unveil, unoover

i_-i- aaQiba a («0ai) to hunger (J for), be
(^ s.th.); to yield, aohieve, bring (j*
or beoome hungry
s.th.); to end (,> with, in), result (o*in)
i_-i- «ayaö hunger, starvation
Tu to rise, disappear (dust, clouds)
i»U- «o^d&a hunger, starvation jjLJI aa-aafr the travelera, the passengers

Li—, masgaba famine pl. jLi-i book (esp. one

jjt- nfr asfär

i_-pU «S£Ü> hungry, starving of the Soriptures)

 413
fr-

jÄ* aafar deporture; (pl. jli-l aafar) to Aap the wings, flutter (bird) ; to strike,
journey, travel, trip, tour hit (* s.o. with tbe hand), slap (• s.o.);

to lash (* B.th., e.g., of a storm)

\jÄ* safra pl. aafarät journey, travel,
trip, tour £*- aaf burned spot
Ä* jÄ- safariya pl. -St journey, travel, i*i- auf'a pl. £*- aufa' blaok stain
trip, tour; departure dark spot, brown discoloration
*jx- mfra pl. ^Ä- *u/ar dining table ^i-l asfa'', f. »Li- safä** dark-brown

ijrj** aufragt {eg.) pl.

<~»vÄ~ aufragiya ji- «a/oga u (*a/g) to shut, bang, slam (*
waiter, Steward
the door)
j*ü- aafxr pl. »IjÄ- «t/ard* 1 mediator
dU- aaf aha i u («a/jfc) to shed (* blood)
(between oontending parties); ambassa-
VI to murder each other VII to be shed,
dor (dipl.)
flow (blood)
jjÄm aufür uncovering of the face (of

a veiled woman) ; unveiling

iU- «j/i: »L-iJf iU- a. od-dirnd* blood-
shed
Jjli- aifära office or funotion of a
mediator, mediation; embaasy (dipi.)
4U- «x0&fc shedder of blood; blood-
ahedding
^l—. masäfir* (pl.) part of the face not
covered by the veil Ja- aafala u (J>i- sufül, Jli- *i/dj) and «-
fila a to be low; to be below B.th. (*);
^U aäfir unveiled, wearing no veil;
— aafala u to turn downward; — safvla
barefaced, conspicuous, obvious ; (pl. »jA*
% (Uli- aafala) and aafala u (mJI) to be
tafara) scribe
low, base, despicable T to abäse o.s.,

^L-. musäfir pl. -ün traveler passenger ; sink low, go rrom bad to worse; to aot
visiting stranger; guest

J*->i- aafarjal (coli.; n. un. 3) pl. rjU- Ja- avfl lowest part of s.th., bottom
aafärij* quince (Cydonia; bot.)
Ji~ aufli lower, at the bottom; low

aafaafa sophistry; pl. olL-i- sophis- ÜÄ- aifla; ^Ul «li- «. an-nd« lowly
tries, casuistic argumenta |
JU-J.JI J*l people, rifiraff
ahl aa-a. the Sophist«
ÜLL- aafüla lowneas; lowüneas; base-
1
£l-ä*' safsafi sophistio; Sophist ness, ignominy, despioableness

aafaafa pl. «Ji^LU aafäaif1 silly talk, iJ LL- mt/dia lowest part

nonsense; poor, inferior stuff

JJ-I asfaP, f. Ji- *u/tt, pl.JiU
,J»l_i- aafaäf pl. t_i^LL- aafäaif1 silly, aaäßP lower; lowest; lower or lowest
inane, trivial; poor, inferior |
jj*VI <jl—i- part, bottom; Ji-I <M/a&i (prep.) under,
poor, inferior stuff underneath, below |
JiJI ,j>jVl (artf)

the nether world; ,>liU J*-l iAj nxUo«

J*i- aafof pl. i»LL-l <m/£/ basket; scales (of Aü aafala «Afilin to reduce a.o. to the
nah) lowest level or Status

*Ä- aafa'a a {aaf) to soorch, paroh, burn JiU aOfil pl. <U- aafala low; knrry;
(• s.o.» # s.o. 's akin; eep. of a hot wind); base, mean, despioable
^ 414

cli- saflata to oover with aaphalt, to J- safä i (safy) to raiae and scatter (* the

asphalt dust ; said of the wind) IT do.

ciÄ-l aa/aÜ aaphalt #LfU säfiya* dust

J— maefan s.th. whirled up; play-

UJLL- sajlaqa Bponging
thing, sport (fig.)

J}U- ai/Wj Bponger

j*i- eafin wedge
1
ji- «a/an coarse hide used for polishing;
emery paper, sandpaper •jLi- Bigära = IjL*? cigarette

*(>jL- Ai/m ships (coli.); ship; eee also alpha- iJ LL- (It. scala) saqäla scaffold

betically
Jk* sogar* f. hell

i-i- safina pl. ji^ aufun, JU- az

)r\jÄ*- suqräp Socrates
/Ö'*n* ship, vessel, boat ; *^i-J1 Argo
(aa(roB.) |
i-*i.U <-Jl* (mwf/a'iya) gun- saqsaqa chirping, cheeping, peeping
boat; U*j t-i- an(l triJ^' ^s*-* training (e.g., of Bparrows)
ship
Ü- saqafa u (i-ji- suqüf, -Li— nww^) to
uLi*- saffän shipbuilder, ahipwright
fall (also = to be killed in aotion) ; to

i>U- eijäna (art or trade of) ship- fall down, drop; to tumble, trip, slip;

building to fall out (hair); to sink down (J* on,

to); to tut, stumble (J# upon), oome
'j^i-t look up alphabetically
aoross s.th. (J*); to find (J* s.th.); to
get, come (Jl to s.o.), reaoh (Jf s.o.);
^jL- safanj, sifanj and pliJ u/an; aponge
to decline, sink, drop (Standard); to be-
<i- safiha a (safah) and safuha u (**U- *> come null and void, be abolished, be
/äAa) to be stupid, siUy, foolish; to be canceled; to be dropped, be omitted,
impudent, insolent II to call (*, • s.o., drop out ; to be mi&sing; to esoape
a.th.) stupid or foolish; to deolare {• s.o.) (j* s.o.), BÜp (j* s.o.'b memory) |
i*Ä-J
legally inoompetent; to depreciate, put { J*Ä-Ji) li-yasqut (fal-yasquf) down with ...
down as inferior (* s.th.) |
*-ü <i- to <t Ü- to drop s.o. or s.th.; *i* ^Jl J*Ä-
make a fool of o.s. ; <+»-j *** (wajhahü) «ül they had had word from him that
to expose s.o., show s.o. up, make a fool he ...; j <-*\j ü- (ra'auhü) he was bom
of s.o., bring s.o. in disoredit, disgrace in . . . , hiB birthplace was . .
.
; o^iJI j* J*Ä-
s.o., dishonor s.o. VI to pretend to be ('w^unya) to be dropped from member-
stupid or foolish ship; 4L* ,y ü- fat'ntÄf) to drop in

<JL* safah foolishneaa, stupidity, büU-

s.o.'s estimation; üUwVl j -Ui- to fail
an examination, flunk; *Jj j J*i- svqifa
ness ; impudence, shamelessness, insolence
}l yadxhx to stand aghast, be at a loss,
*Jl* safih 1
pl. >1^jL> aufahä* , »Li*- si-
be bewildered IV to let fall, drop (*, *
fäh foolish, stupid, Billy; fool; an in-
s.o. , a.th.) ; to make (• s.o.) tumble,
oompetent (Jsl. Law); impudent, shame-
cause s.o. (•) to slip; to overthrow,
lesa, insolent; insolent fellow
bring down, topple, feil (*, • s.o., s.th.);

i*U- aafäha fooüshnesB, stupidity, silli- to fail, flunk (• s.o. in an examination);

nees; impudenoe, shamelessness, inso- to shoot down (* an airoraft); to deduot,

lence eubtraot (* a number); to eliminate (*

 418
JS-

s.th. j- from); to have a miscarriage, faU | (u/71) ground plan,

miscarry; to bring about a miscarriage
(woman); to Blink (* iba young one; elevation, vertioal aection (arch.); J&Ä_*
animal) j
*— U-l j. <LL-I (j'inafyo) to ^ß m. ar-ra'a birthplace, home
deprive s.o. of bis citizenship; j <i*- ,LL«I
-Li— «MMgo^ 1 Muscat (Beaport and
(Äo^aAü) to forfeit one's right in s.th.,
capital of Oman)
waive one's claim to B.th.; ,jy>> .LJL-t

(da'wö) to quash a complaint, nonsuit -UU-1 isgöf overthrow; shooting down

a caae; to withdraw or drop a com- (of an aircraft); miscarriage, abortion;

plaint ; j*±)\ iti-l deduotion, Bubtraotion; rebate i»LL-V!

(Sa'ra) to cause |

V-*4-l (jinsiya) abrogation of citizen-

loss of hair; .Oj j .LL-I tw*yi/a /f t>-

yadiki = »-b j .Li- «*^»/a /» yadihi

ship; gation of citizenship; i*J iUL-l

V to Iearn gradually, pick ilJjiJl (jfnwrt ai-/.) devaluation of the

up information
franc
(> > about s.th. from); to hunt for
scraps jL*^Vl J*i—J to gather informatioD
| -LiLJ tasäquf loas (of hair) JJUJ
j

VI to fall down, come down, oollapse ; to £jUI snowfall

fall successively or gradually; to fall out
JJU *i^ pl. .Uli. «uggdf fallen; base,
(hair); to come gradually (Jl to), arrive mean, vile; disreputable, notorious (dis-
one by one (Jl at); to roll, drip (,>. off);
triot); omitted, missing; forgotten
to dribble |
*-Ju
J* ^»LJ to break down,
collapee; L*IL*- iJLJ (hufäman) to go to *UU sägifa scrap ; (pl. -ät) fallen woman,
harlot
ruin, disintegrate

Jfc2- saqp dew *\J*Äm mqufrä'* Socotra (island, S of Arabia)

i*Ä- aiqf miacarried fetus £Ä- taga'a a (sag') toalap, clap (*, , s.o., s.th.)

J*Ä- saqf, siqf, auqj sparks flying from **Ä— musaqqa'a (eg.) dish of eggplant
a flint and meat

.Li*, saqaf pl, J..LÄ-I asgäf any worthleHs 1

_Ü-
l II to provide with a roof or ceiling,
thing; offal, refuse, rubbish, trash; junk roof over (* s.th.)
|

fULl -Li- *. al-matä' waste, scrap(s)

i-i*- saqf pl. j^i- sugüf, . *-S- auguf,
,JaÄ* saqafi junk dealer, ragman »Jii-I a*p*/ roof; oeiling jU-l t jii- *.
|

iki- sagfa ol-holq palate

pl. saqatät fall, tumble,
plunge; oversight, slip, error, mistake i^Ä- aoqifa pl. ijuli- aaqä'if* roofed
|

IpLLJI iitlLi-. inisprinte, errata passage; roofed gallery; roofing, shelter

J»^i- *ujü£ fall, tumble; crash (of an cU-J tasqif roofing

airplane); collapae, breakdown, ruin;
J»>Ä— masqüf roofed, covered (<^ with)
decline, downfall, fall; devolution (of a
right) ; slip, lapee j
_^UI i-^ «. ai-la'r «JtiJ twgt*/ pl. üiU asäqifa look up alpha-
loas of hair; j\L.^\ .U^i- rainfall betically

-LJi— «at/tf hau 3JUL. look up alphabetically

iLli- 'ao^gäfa, auqgäfa door latch

(eff.) *-ü- saqlaba to throw down (• s.o.)

.Li—* masqaf, mtugif pl. .Li L_, masäqi{ a Ji- «ijfaÄt pl. UIU *jy<S7i6a Slav;
place where a falling object lands ; water - Slavic
 ;

416
r;
Im saqima a (saqam) and eaquma u (svqm, offloe of one in oharge of providing

beoome water for Mecca pilgrims) ; watering

fli- saqäm) to be or sick, ill»

ailing; to beoome tbin, lean, skinny; place; drinking vessel

to be poor, meager, measly II to make misqä jl—» masäqin [tg.) irri-

=H J_ pl.

sick (. b.o.) IV gation oanal

A- suqm pl. / li-l asqäm ülnesa, sick-

«liL-* musäqäh shareoropping oontraot
ness; leanness, thinness, flkinnineaa over the lease of a plantation, limited

A- saqam tugdm illness; aick- to one crop period (lal. Law)

pl. flL-l

ness; leanness, thinness, skinniness #U-i-l iatisqä* dropsy |

»li-L-VI •'iL»

Ülnesa, aiokness; leanness, salät al-ist. prayer for rain

aUL- saqäm
thinness, skinniness JtL-L-l istisqä'i dropsioal, hydropio

-Ä- «2?im pl. (LL- *tgäm, »^L* nt-

JU saqin pl. »Li- suqäh eupbearer,
qamä' 1 sick, ill, ailing; skinny, lean,
Ganymede, saki
emaoiated; meager, measly; poor, faulty
(language)
«JL* säqiya barmaid; — (pl. tS'>- so*

wäqin) rivtdet; irrigation diteh, irrigation

aÜL«. misqäm seriously suffering; con-
oanal; water sooop; sakieh, water wheel
stantly ailing, siekly
jJL aakka u (sakh) to look, bolt (* the door)
IjUL- siqäwa glandera
to mint, eoin (* money); — sahka (Ist

pera. perf. aakiktv) a (di£- sahah) and

(saqy) to give (* s.o. fl.th.) to
J- so^d \ •

VIII to be or become deaf

drink, make s.o. (*) drink (* s.th.); to

water (* cattle, plante); to irrigate (* «C sikka pl. iiC sikak (minting)

s.th.); to dip, sooop, draw (water) | J- die; ooin; road; (tg.) aidestreet, lane
iV>JI (jül&4a) to temper steel III to (narrower than fjli San') \ -U-ü-1 *£-
give (* * s.o. s.th.) to drink; to oon- and «iJjJJ-l iSL-Ji railroad; S-e-'jJ <£-
clude a lease oontraet (* with s.o.; cf. (tird'iya) Seid path, dirt road; &-1I jl*
iUL— ) IV to give (* • s.o. s.th.) to drink, mint
make s.o. (•) drink (* s.th.); to water
üK- sukiän pl. -dt rudder
(* oattle, plante); to irrigate (* s.th.)
VD3 to ask (,> s.o.) for a drink; to draw iU asakV, f. »ISL- «oifcr«, pl. iL-

water (,> from); to draw (j* * s.th., e.g., «uU deaf

Information, knowledge, eto., from), take, *$[,£«. masküka pl. -dt ooin; drain
borrow, obtain (,> * s.th. from) X to ask hole (hm.) |
ol££j.l ^U 'um al-m. nu-
(,> s.o.) for a drink (also * for s.th.); to mismaties
pray for rain
ijSL* aigära pl. ./TSC- «afftfir1 (Syrian spell-
J- saqy watering;
irrigation
ing) oigarette

•UL- siqä* pl. i.i-1 asqiya, oUU asqi*

^jtS— «idrin Saccharin
yät, jUI asäqin waterakin, milkwk n i

#UL- saqqa pl. -ü» water carrier; — kJ^ sofcifta m (satt) to poor out, shed,

pelioan (zooL) apfll(*s.ta.)VIIto poarf6rth.be poared

oat, be shed, be spüled
ÖUU aiqäya Irrigation, watering; affloe
of water snppfier («pec^ the traditional
 /-
^-S—. maskab pl. t^TL* masäkib 3 melt- •j£~ sakra pl. aakarüt inebriety, in-
ing pot, cruoible tozication, drunkenness | £>jl\ *j£*>

<-*_j£-* masfeäMya melting pot, cruaible a. al-maut agony of death

ülj£- aakrän', f. tf^** sakrü, pl. tfJSL*

^LX- m&hJj meat cooked in vinegar
eukärä, sakärä drunk, intozioated; a
C-£- aakata u (*afa, Oj£~ «tJhW, oKL- w drunk
drunk
|
«lJ* ul^C (fina) (coüoq.) dead
J»<) to be silent, say not hing; to beoome
silent, Iapse into silence; to be or be- j&~- silckir drunkard, heavy drinker
oome quiet, calm down, subside; to pass
jSC-. mvskir pl. -ät alooholio beverage,
over B.th. (jt) in silence; not to answer
intozicating Liquor
(je s.o.); pass. eukita to have a stroke
(med.) |
i_-*i*J! <c* c£-* (gadab) his anger ^£- II to sugar, aprinkle with sugar (* s.th.)
abated II to silence, oalm, soothe, paoify to oandy, preserve with sugar (* B.th.)
(*, * s.o., s.th.); to order to be silent,
j£~ eukkar sugar; pl. jTKL- aakäkir*
hush up (» s.o.) IT do.; to conceal, re-
sweetmeats, oonfeotionery, oandies
fuse to teil (* s.th.) J

j^ll _£- fruotose, levuloee, fruit sugar;

C-£- saht silence; taoituinity, reti- jruuÜl j£- maitose, malt sugar; *T^*Ji j£-
cenee J cXJl Je silently, in silence, quietly s. al-*inab deztro-glucose, deztrose, grape

<£- sakta silence, quiet; stroke, apo-

sugar; t_—»Ül _£- s. al-qasab saooharose,

plexy (med.) 3JU <&- (qalblya) heart

sucrose, cane sugar; ^i!l j£- a. al-laban
\

failure
laotose, milk sugar; oLdl j£- «.an-no&df
sugar oandy, rock candy; ^^CJI »_—
oKL- sukäi silenoe; taciturnity, ret- go^ob as-8. sugar oane; ^^CJI j^. marod
ioence
o8~B. diabetes

£jj£* suküt silence; tacitumity, ret-

sugar
tfjS^- «tfcfearf (adj.), sugary, like
icence; see also alphabetically
ü»IjjC oonfectionery;
sugar, saooharine;

3j£* suktiti taciturn, reticent sweetmeats, candy tfj&JI JjJl | ^^

(marod al-baul) diabetes
OjS-- saküt taciturn, retioent

C~SL» sikkit habitually silent "<i_^- ntkkariya sugar bowl

ol^Sw. muaakkarät confeotionery,

öTL säkit silent, mum; taciturn, ret-
sweetmeats, candy
icent; still, quiet, oalm, tranquil; quies-
cent (letter) *»jKL- pl. j-'KL- Iook up alphabetioally

\£* sakara u (sakr) to shut, close, Iook, bolt i

ü\ J£~* Iook up alphabetioally
(* s.th.) n do.
al^£*> (It. «tciirtd) MJturtdA insuranoe

^£- sakira a (eakar, aukr) to be drunk; to

ijjljfiL* (Fr. «eer#ar»o<) «ejfcreiöriya seare-
get drunk, beoome intozioated IT to
tariat; seoretaryship
make drunk, intozicate, inebriate (•

s.o.) VI to pretend to be drunk Jifi>- (It. searto) sikartö ootton waste

j£- aukr intoxioation, inebriety, drunk- jüfi~* (Fr. aecrüaire) sekreter seoretary | _^£-
pU (*dmm) secretary-general

j£^ tokor an intoxioant; wine 3jj«^- «jfarettnya searetariat

/- 418

**-_£- «tJfcurruja, sukruja pl. £j&* «*&• s.th.)» reassnre, appease, plaoate (» s.o.),

rij
1 bowl; platter, plato soothe, allay, alleviate {* pain, and the
Uke); (gram.) to make voweUess (* a
jj^£- sukröz Saccharose, sucrose without a
consonant, i.e., pronounoe it

lf ß~*
aukkarin Saccharin following vowel) m to live together,
share quartera ( j * with s.o. in) IV to
jJL£- II tasaksaka to behave in a servile give or allocate living quarters (• to
manner s.o.); to settle, lodge, put up {* • s.o. in)

UL£- suksuka wren (?)

VI to live together, share quartera

dJL5wi feuafoufc servüity £&-» sahan means or time for rest;

dwelling, abode, habitation; inhabited

J_>-£- «fc*3nt Saxonian; Saxon human habitations; ashes
area,
U^S^< *»fc*3myd Saxonia
j£- sakani sahen, ash-gray
«£-> Y to grope about (-JU1 af-fulmata in
oljj^j olTj*- J fl harakätihi wa-
the dark) ; to loiter, loaf, hang around ; to
sakanätihi in all his doings; in every
proceed aimlesely, dawdle, potter | Jl »aJ*
Situation
«SwII £-»- (Aaif« f-(a*o&h**u) to drive
out into the dark, leave s.o. to an IX- sakina pl. -ät residence, home
B.o.

unoertain fate CijSi» sukün oalm, tranquülity, peaee;

silence, quiet; (gram.) vowellessness of
(_j£-> sakkäf shoemaker
a modial consonant; the graphio Symbol
4»lC- *tJbd/o shoemaker's trade, shoe-
of this vowelleBBneas |
j-'LUl 0j£- serious-
making ness, sedateness, gravity

J»SUl wfcl/ and jtC-l wid/i pl.

OiSL- sakkän outler
üTUi asäkifa shoemaker
utSU eukkän pl. -ät rudder
ü£-l tukuffa threshold, doorstep;
Untel
,>&* sikkin m. and f., pl. u^£- *»*

häkln* knife
tjTU «W/ lintel
c£*> aakina pl. JlC sakä'in* imma-
*jO pl. JS*"L— 1 look up alphabetically nenoe of God, presence of God; devout,
God-inapired peaee of mind; oalm, tran-
1
jS^- «liona u {i)j£* mHn) to be or be-
qufflity, peaoe
oome still, tranquü, peaoeful; to oalm
down, repose, rest; (gram.) to be vowel- liS^MiÜna knife
less (eonaonant, Le., have no vowel im-
J&* tuJcnd Kving, dwelling; atay, so-
mediately fbUowing); to abate, snbeide,
jdum JSUI J* mahaU aas. place of
rannte eaan and the Uke);
(anger, pain, |

to paaa, 90 cw»y (j* from s.o., pain),

leare (j* lo, pain); to remain cahn, ^J~tC «aJtdHni outler

unxuffied ( Jl at, in the face of); to be

jSL* mo«Jban, moaün pL jTl— ma-
reaarored (J, Jl by); to rely (J, Jl on),
«Jjfcin' dwelling, abode, habitation; honse;
traat, have faith (J, Jl in); to feel at
home, residence, domicile
home ( Jl in, at) ; — sahana v, (eakan, j£-
euknä) to live, dwell (._» or j, * in), inhab- 0^—J toskin pacifioation, tranquiliza*

it («_» or j, a s.th.) II to oalm (*, • s.o., tion, placation

 ;

419
J-

ölCl m£&» settling, settlement; allo- alip away, escape; to epread, extend, get
oation of Irving quarters (Jl to), reaoh (Jl s.th.); to fllip, slink,

sneak, steal (Jl into); to betake o.a.,

jTU «dJb'n pl. -fln, c£* MJhzna, f.

jTtj- «atwSün 1 calm, motionless, still; — go (

Jl to, with seoret designa); to invade,
infiltrate, enter (Jl s.th.); to penetrate
voweUess (medial oonsonant) ; stagnant,
j to, as far as) Tu to steal away, slink
standing (water); O statio (eleotricity )
(

away, slip away, esoape; to alip, slink,

(pl. o&~ sukk&n, "<S^ «ajfeana) dweller,
sneak, steal (Jl into); to infiltrate (Jl
inhabitant, resident, oooupant; üt^Jl the
s.th., also pol.); to advanoe singly or in
population übJ-1j
jf U inhabitant of Par-
small groups (troops in the field; mit.);
adise, deceased person, one of blesaed
to have pulmonary tuberculosis, be con-
memory; ü£jl j%rf* populous; £jy» V
Bumptive VIII to pull out or remove
b5*U (yuAarri£u) he doesn't budge, he
gently (* s.th.); to withdraw gently
doesn't bend hu little finger, he remains
(* s.th., e.g., öS* kaffahü one's hand, j»
immobile, apathetio; cTU iJ_^- {«Jjbno*
from); to unsheathe, draw (»thesword);
Afl) to rouse, agitate s.o.
to wrest, snatoh (* j* from s.o. s.th.)
<jj£—• ffuuUH populated, inhabited;
J-* tau basket
haunted (plaoe); poesessed (person) |

*ij$*~* jlill the house ia haunted J- siü, 9UÜ oonsumption, phthisis, tu-

ÜjSlJ.1 al-masküna the inhabited world,

beroulosis |
Jj-uJl JJ! (tadarruni) tuber-
ouloeis; <jyj\ JJf (ri'awi) pulmonary
the world
tuberoulosis
jj£_* fliojfcfinl eoumenioal (CAr.)
iL daüa pl. J^U «ttdf basket | U-
j£-* rnuauUm paoifier, soother; (pl.
Cj^L+LI «. oJ-muAfnaJdt wastepaper basket;
-ät) sedative, tranquilizer
UJI IjT iura* (M-*. basketball

(^Tl—. mu*SHn pl. -fln fellow Citizen,

J~L- «ftl drawn (sword); desoendant,
neighbor flcion, son

'<£-• and <jt£-* pl. ü^"'—• 1°°^ U P alpha- *LL «#&> pl. JJ^- «JiTtP (female)
betioally desoendant

,>.*«iSl- sakanjabin oxymel {pharm.) J^L» «z&Ü basketmaker, basket weaver

ÄJ^U auläta pl. -dt desoendant, soion;

LiljjxiC- «tfcandinä/iyd and «jUxiC- sikandi*
näwa Soandinavia progeny, offspring; family; raoe; strain,
stock, provenienoe (of economio plants)
jUxü- rikandin&fi Soandinavian
J^U suläli family (adj.)
&j$L* (Hebr. aukkq): O^CJI .u> 'tf «-*.
iL-* mwaüa pl. -<W, Jl—* masäW large
Sukkoth, Feast of Tabernacles (Jud.)
needle, paok needle; obelisk

JL. «K ßki
JLJ tataüvl infiltration (pol.); offaide
position (in football, hockey, eto.)
1
J- «of imperative of JU «a'aZa
J^LJl insiläl infiltration (pol.)

J- «aßa u («jü) to pull out, withdraw, or

Jji—* maslül consumptive, affeoted
remove gently (* s.th.); pass. auüa to
with pulmonary tuberoulosis
have pulmonary tuberouloeis, be oon-
sumptive V to steal away, slink away, U—. miutaUa pl. hW offprint («.)
 420

V- aaia'a a {aal') to olarify (* butter) «-»:&-! wf»2d& spoliation, plundering,

looting, pülage, robbing
.^U *ÄT pl. UUt tuITa olarified butter

*1»^U «aläfa salad

JU sälib negative (adj.); (pL *J1j~
«HrtÜifc 1 ) O negative (phot.)

j^U «u&fof Slavio; (pl. .fi») Slav •-•jJ— fluwifli unsuooessful

jy^U aaZdjfin red lead, minium aiX- Miotand martingale (of the haroess)

j^U see jL- ilJU aoiota iu to extraot, pull out (* a.th.)

to ohop off (* s.th., esp. a part of the

diJ^U atttniP Salonica (seaport in NE
body) Tu to steal away, slip away
Qreeoe)
gU kXq (eg.) = jL-
yt aoJooa u («iß») to take away, steal,
wrest, snatch (,>• • or * • from s.o. fl.th.), üUS-Jl as-»aiäjiqa the Seljuks
rob, strip, dispoasess, deprive (j* • or
jJU saljam turnip (Brassioa rapa; bot,); (eg.)
* » s.o. of a.th.); to plunder, rifle, loot (.
rape (Brassioa napus; bot.)
s.o., m s.th.) ; to strip of arma and olothing
(• a fallen enemy); to withhold (* • ^U salaha a (salh) to void ezorement; to
from s.o. a.th.), deny (* • to s.o. s.th.); drop düng (bird) II to arm (* • s.o. with)
— saliba a {mäab) to put an or wear V to arm o.s. VI to engage in battle,
mourning, be in mourning V to be in fight, croas awords
mourning Vin = «ataba
JL salh and jr^U suläh excrementa,
hJU soft spoliation, plundering, loot- düng, droppings
ing, pülage, robbing; negation | i.^*
jr"5U aitäh pl. *>*L1 asliha arm, weapon;
L--LJI 'alämai as~s. minus sign (matk.)
arms, weapons; service (as a branoh of the
l
«L mZU negative (also el.); passive | armed foroes); armor; steel gripper, ateel
^J>\ £Ü4)I or <-i—Jl <-jUil (muqäwama) olaw; plowehare | Ol jJJl ^^U «. af-fayarän
passive resistanoe air force; üL-jjÜI ^^U #. ai-furtän oavalry

S-X- «oftfya negativism, negative atti- j-SJi iiLi AJÜ <w-*. bristling with axma,

tude armed to the teeth; **-%* L> saüama

eitähdhü to lay down one'a arma, surren-
u-U «oloi pl. v^-' «&& loot, booty,
der
plunder, spoils; hide, ahanks and belly
of a slaughtered animal; — ropes,
jIj*-S** ni&hddr aword-bearer, Bhield-
bearer, aquire
hawsere (ey.)

£-L ealth pL -£» apoatle (Chr.)

«-»*>U nlOb pL c-U tuhtb blaok olothing,
mourning (worn by women) £jL-J tadty pl. hW arming, equipping;
armament, rearmament; armoring, rein-
»-»*^- «otfdo robber, plunderer, looter
foroement (in ferrooonorete oonatruobion)
«_—L- «aftb itolen, taten, wrested away
JLi tasaüuh armament, rearmament |

^>jL\ udHb pl. v-JU aadKo1 method, ^Llll jL* *»M? ai-(, arma raoe
way, prooedure; oourae; manner, mode,
fasnkm; style (eap. literary); atylistio pe-
JL*« muMStA armorer
ouliarity (of an author) |
jli5* *->J^' JL*« miuaJtaA armed; armored, rein-
(KOM) literary style foroed (with ateel); => Fr. arme* {
oljil
 421
O^
4 *!, i.1 (qüwät) the armed forcee; cjj*I make tractable, render o bedient, sub-
«i—* (iimanl) ferroconcrebe, reinforced due (*, • s.o., s.th.); to make easy,
conorete; **J—» *»Uy- (£aMärw) do.; smooth, fluent (* s.th.)

J— • r Vi (»*?*?) wired glasa

^JL sola* incontinence of urine
;Li«JL aulahfäh, süahjäh pl. iJu-^U salähif2 (j-L* salis traotable, pliable, docile,
turtle, tortoise compliant, obedient; flexible, smooth,
<JLi*J- guiahfä'lya dawdling, dilatori- fluent (style) |
jLill _
l r^' s. al-qiyäd
ness tractable, pliable, docile, oompliant, obe-
dient
Jl- salaka a u (*i#) to pull off, fitrip off
s.th.); to skin, flay (* an animal); L--^U saläsa traotability, pliability,
(*

to detach {je- * s.th. from); to end, docility, compliance, obedience (also

terminate, conclude, bring to a close (* .aLÜl i^-^U s. al-qiyäd); smoothneas,

a period of time); to spend (* a period fluency (of style)

of time, j doing s.th.) V to peel (skin, t^-UI aalas* more traotable, more
from Bunburn) VII to be stripped off, pliable, more obedient; more flexible,
be shed (skin, slough); to shed, cast off smoother, more fluent
(jt-, ,> the slough, the skin), Btrip off,

take off (je-, j- clothing); to abandon, J^j

—1— saUabiP name of a spring in Para-

give up, cast off (* a trait, a quality) ; to dise; spring, well

get detached (je, ^. from), come off

J—U sdUala to link together, ooncatenate,
(j*> i>); *° withdraw, retire (,> from);
interlink, interlook, connect, unite (*
to pass, end (month)
s.th. <_> with); to chain up, enchain, fetter,
»Jl- aalk detaching; skinning, flaying; shackle (• s.o.); to pour (j »LLl water
snakeskin, slough ; end of the month into) |
Jl J—L- to trace s.o. 's lineage

£L aalk: £L ^±i. (kasab) (barkless)

back to s.o. II tasalsala to flow down,
soft wood, alburnum, sapwood trickle (in a continuous stream); to drip,
dribble, fall in drops (water); to form a
^iJU saüäk pl. *, -ün butcher
chain or seriea, be continuous; to be
nX> sallk Bkinned, flayed; tosteless, interlinked, interlocked, linked together,
insipid (food) concatenate

<i»J— Mlika Chinese cinnamon tree J—U salsal cool fresh water
(Cinnamomum casaia; bot.); cinnamon
«JL.JU silsila pl.
J-*"^ saläsiP iron
bark, cassia bark
chain; chain (also flg.); series (of essays,
<jU*U Mlkäna pl. -ät slaughterbouse, articles, etc.) j
JLA-I ii_L- mountain
abattoir chain; j^LJl U..-U s. az-qahr backbone,

«i—* rnaslak pl. £1— maaälik 2 slaughter- vertebral column; Äj^üJI ÜJU1 (faqriya)

house, abattoir do.; (.-jjtlf^l U..-L fabric of lies; Ü—L-

(_-Jjl *. an-nasab lineage, line of ancestora
r^L~* misläk snakeskin, slough
J-J—j to«iZ*iiJ sequenoe, mecession
£LS» munaaiak end of the month |

J—L-äJIj without interruption, sncoas-

^JL salisa a (sola*, 4~:)U saldsa) to be trac- sively, oonsecutively, continuonsly; »^iS

table, docile, compliant, o bedient; to be J—1—i to serialize s.th., publiah s.th. in

amooth, flowing, fluent (style) IV to seri&l form

url- 422

J—1— musalsal chained; contimious jJ«L- III ~Ud~l islanfaha to be broad, be wide
(numbering) J—J— J*i jj (raddu fi'lin)
|
nL>'A- auläfih wide
chain reaction {phya.) ; <1—J—il i]j.\ {mar'a)
Andromeda (astron.) jLL- saliana to proclaim sultan, establish as

(num- ruler (• s.o.) II jU-J tasalfana to be-

J—Li. mtttasalsil continuous
bering)
come sultan or ruler

ÄJftL- salfana Sultanate

1
JJ- II to give (• s.o.) power or mastery
J* over), set up as overlord, establish as üUaL* «utyän m. and f. power, might,
(

ruler (J* « s.o. over); to impose, infliot Btrength; rule, reign, dominion, sway;
authority; mandate, authorization ; legit-
(J* a a penalty on s.o.); to bring to
bear, eiert (* force, pressure, and the imation (^ for); — (pl. ^1»"A- saiäfin*)
sultan (absolute) ruler **l^ OLLU
J* on); to load, charge (J* * s.th.
l
like, ; |

with electric current) ,fijl *J* I^LL- |

s. ibrähim red mullet (Mullus barbatus;
(aidiyahum) they laid violent hands on . .
.,
zool.); ulLL ^ <» *i)l J>1 L. (anzaia üähu)

dealt high-handedly with ...; *Ac .LL- (lit. : God has revealed no legitimation
^.^Ji to set the dogs on s.o. V to overcome, for it; with proceding indeterminate

surmount (J* s.th.); to overpower, over- noun) vain, unfounded, baseless, arbi-
whelm (J* s.o.); to prevail, gain the trary

upperhand (J* over), get the better of

<;LLL- sutyäna sultana, sultaness
(J*); to be absolute
maater (J* of), rule,
reign, hold sway over); to control, JlLL- eulfäni of the sultan; sovereign,
(J*
supervise, command s.th.) imperial, royal |
jlkU Jj^t imperial high-
(J*
way
Ü»L- sulta pl. -ät, iJ— auiaf power,
might, strength ; authority ; sway, do- iJlLL- suüäniya soup bowl, tureen;
minion, influence, sovereign power, juris* large metal bowl
diction; (pl. -ät) official agenoy, author-
J— «alt'a a (sala
f
) to crack, become cracked
ity l *tj*y\ <LLJ1 (abawiya) patemal
VII to aplit, break open, burst
authority; patriarchy; V"J^' *^—" ("**
r
hiya) spiritual power <~«j j-illl
; ikUl J— aal' pl. f^L- aulü craok, fissure,

(taSri'iya) legislative power; ijjSL-* *UL rift

('askariya) military authority; iLLJI

«*L- «Fa pl. aL- n2a' commodity,
«JLüJI (qadä'iya) judicial power; «U-Jl commercial article; sebaceous cyst, wen
IjJLijJl (tanfidiya) executive power
^*L- salafa u (salaf) to be over, be past, be
<UL> salfa jacket
bygone; to precede, antecede II to lend,
-L-L sollt strong, solid, firm; glib; im-
loan, advance (* * to s.o. money) IV to
pudent, sharp, loose, vicious (tongue)
make (* s.th.) precede; to lend, loan,
^)U «aläfa glibness; impudence, lack advance (* • to s.o. money) |
( J>Ül) LiJ— I

of restraint (in one's language); see also (qaul) we have already said, we have
alphabetically previously stated; LÜUI LS as we have

iai-J tasaüuf mastery, sway, dominion already said V to borrow (^ » s.th. from)

rule, influence, authority, supremacy ( J* to contract a loan VIII = V

over); supervision, control JaL* silf pl. J» "A-l asläf brother-in-law

'iUL- saiafa and «L'A- saläta salad iil— silfa sister-in-law

 JaL> aalaf and pl. JrA-l aaläf prede- jU Ao/o^a u («aZg) to Iacerate the skin (•

cessora; forebears, ancestoro, forefathen; of s.o.; with a whip); to remove with

<JlL advance payment, prepayment; free boiling water (* s.th.); to boil, cook in

loan, noninterest-bearing loan; LiL so» boiling water (* s.th.); to scald (* plants;

lafan in advance, beforehand, before |

said of excessive heat); to hurt (* s.o.,

ILaJl JAJ>\ the worthy anoeators, the *jLJj bi-lisänihi with one's tongue, i.e.,

venerable forefathers give s.o. a tongue-lashing) T to ascend,

mount, climb, soale {* s.th.); to climb
4-aL salafiya pl. -öl free loan; (cash)
up (plant)
advance
jL> 9alq (eg.), ailq a variety of chard,
*7ii-}\ as-salafiya an Islamio reform
the leaves of whioh are prepared as a
movement in Egypt, founded by Mo-
ealad or vegetable diBh
hammed 'Abduh (1849—1005)
j^LJI oa-auüöq Ascension of Christ
üi- ndfa pl. JtL> «*to/ loan ; (oash)
advanoe; inner lining of shoes, inner «#}U soiäqa vicious tongue, violent
sole language

vj^- «uiä/ choicest wine (made of the Ü-L saliqa pl. jJ^- aalititf dish made
juice flowing from unpressed grapes) of grain cooked with sugar, oinnamon
and fennel (syr.); inborn disposition, in-
Btinct
»UL sulafa* predecessors
üjÄU salaqün and üy^iU saläqün red
ÜlL. mislafa harrow
lead, minium
ijü— i fcult/ credit, advance *J»J—Hl _,*-
J^jU saläql saluki, greyhonnd, hunting
|

«V ai-(. rate of interest; J»J—Ul dLj

dog
credit bank
Jjj- aalüqx saluki, greyhound, hunting
Äi.LJ taslifa credit, loan Äi.LJ
|
dog
IjjUp ('agöriya) land oredit
jLJ taaaüuq climbing; ascent
,JJU «oft/ pl. «J»i- «jZa/, J»^- suüäf,
tjjl^- satvälif2 preceding, foregoing, 3j\—* maalüq cooked, boiled (meat,

former, previous, bygone, past; prede- egg, vegetable)

cessor; UJL« saliJan formerly, previously; ii_ji_. moslüqa pl. jJl-* nuwölig* bouil-
above (as a reference in books, eto.) | lon, broth
£il.u-VI tJJl^> former, or past, events;
iäl-Iil oLjLJI an-nabätät al-mutasaU
J"ii\ JJU a.a4'4ikr aforementioned;
liga climbing plante, creepers
^j*jj*>\ tJJU e.al-'arüs amaranth (bot.);

üUJI »JJL j /i *. iz-zamän in former diL- aalaka u (salk, iljJ- sulük) to follow
times, in the old days {* a road), travel (* along a road); to
take (* a road), enter upon a course or
*oUL sulfät eulfate |
jjLüJI oLÜU a. an-
road (*; fig.); to behave, oomport o.s.
nu&ädir ammonium sulfate
(_j*i toward s.o.); to proceed, act; to aet
a
O ^1-iL- salfata to asphalt (* s.th.) foot (* on), enter (* a place); — aalaka
(salk) to insert (j * s.th. in), stick (j *
O cal— musalfat asphalted
»

s.th. into); to pass (* thread, Sj-Vi j

j-iL *«//lrf aulfide through the eye of a needle), thread a
 424

needle |
«I I II
j *SX* («früa) to chain tili— fruwZaJ; pl. ,illL— «umö/»^ way,
s.o. up II to clean, clear (* s.th., eap. road, path; course of aotion, polioy;
pipelines, canals, eto.); to unreel, un- procedura, method <J_^J1 JJL-J.I (frau*
|

wind (* yaxn); to olarify, unravel, dis- Zfya) the urinary passages {anal.); jJJL—
entangle (IjJu* 1^1 amran muaqqadan »l_j*l m. aJ-AauxS* the respiratory pas-
a oomplicated affair) IV to insert (j * sages (anat.); KJ— ilL to enter upon
s.th. in), stick (j * s.th. into); to pass a course (fig.)

(* thread, »yVI j through the eye of a

(5^1— fruwJa&f professional, vocational,
needle), thread a needle
industrial, trade (adj.)
«ilL sük pl. ibU tuläfc thread ; string
.i-LLJ &uZt£ cleaning, Clearing
(also, of a musical Instrument); line; wire;
rail (Jtfor.); — Organization, body; pro-
iDU «Uli: passable, praetioable (road);

fession (aa a group or career); corps; ca- entered upon (course); clear, open, not

dre ,>jVI 4L 8. al-anf or ^jVI JUI blooked, not obstructed (also anat.);
|

(ardi) ground wire; <j^ ibU (bahriya) (pl. -ün) one who followB the spiritnal
path (esp., myst.)
underwater cable; O tsJj^ -- 11 -" (ha*
räri) filament (of a radio tube); O «iiUI tljL-» maelük passable, practicable
^iil (mutahakkim) grid (of a radio (road); entered upon (course)
tube); ^LJI dU\ (JUj) (aiyäsl) dip-
y> aalima a (i-^U saläma, fiU ealäm) to
lomatio corps; «L^l JL- «. ai-Surfa the
be safe and sound, unharmed, unim-
police; dULJl dlLJl barbed wire; O iil-
paired, intaot, safe, seoure; to be un-
Jljll jWVI fuse (ei);
tJ
^JLsll dlLJl
objeotionable, blameless, faultless; to be
(ta'ftmi) the teaehing profession, the
oertain, established, clearly proven (faot);
teachera; »LiÄJl ilL *. al-qatfä* the judi-
to be free (,> from); to escape (j* a
oiary, the judicature; O fjLU'
i|1 "
danger) II to preserve, keep from in-
(m«ffdt«m) resistor (el.); Q Jl^l -jH-H

antenna,
jury, protect from härm (» s.o.), save
(ÄowS'i) aerial; (Jl) j Jül
iX- to be (,j* » s.o. from); to hand over intaot
a member of an Organi-
zation and the Iike; to join
(a s.th., J or Jl to s.o.); to hand over,
an organiza*
turn over, surrender (*, * s.o., s.th., J
tion and the like, e.g., Jl *lkJVI
or Jl to s.o.); to deliver (* J or Jl to s.o.
j_^JI dJUI (bahri) entrance into the
s.th.) ; to lay down (* arms) to surrender,
;
navy (as also diU j -t^l)
give o.s. up (J or Jl to); to submit,
$L* süki by wire, wire (adj.) resign o.s. (J or Jl to); to greet, salute

JIL-V Jä-»/£i wireless; radio, broad- (J* s.o.); to grant salvation (God to
oasting (adj. and n.); radiogram; radio the Prophet); to admit, concede, grant
specialist iXl-V Sjlil (l-» s.th.); to consent (-* to s.th.), approve
| (iSära) radio
message; J1LV J-U radio Operator (o> of s.th.), accept, sanotion, oondone

iSX* n/An pl. iL- aüak wire; thread;

(v a-th.) <ül Jl t^l
| (amrahü) to ^
commit one's cause to God, resign o.s.
string (also, of a musical instrument)
to the will of God; *»-jj L* (rühahü) to
iJ^U #ui£i behavior, comportment, give up the ghost; j«J-Vl A I-- :

demeanor, manners ; conduot, deport* {nafasahü) to breathe one's last, be in

ment, attitude | iJ^J-JI j-*- Au*n as-s. the throes of death; ^jJJ <-iJ U
good behavior, good manners; -u>lji (nafsahü) to give o.s. up to the police;
£jjUI or 4*LJl v ljT etiquette »UVIj ti-J-» > «Jl
^ (humä, itfa)
 1-
r

to put o.s. at s.o.'s mercy; *-U J L- oase; stair, step, running board; (mus.)

(saUim) give him my best regards! re- seale; means, instrument, tool (fig.) |

member me to him! i-j *J* <it J-« (fiaüä) i!j»*i* L- (mutaharrih) esoalator

Qod bleas him and grant him Balvation IX- suUama step, stair
(eulogy after the name 01 the Prophet
Mohammed) III to keep the peace, make s£m saläm soundness, unimpaired-

one'a peace, make up ( with s.o.) ness, intactness, well-being; peace, peace-

IT to forsake, leave, desert, give up, betray fulness; safety, seourity; — (pl. -ät)

to let sink, drop (*-Jüfj Jl greeting, salutation ; salute ; military

(• s.o.); <-b
ra'sahü i. rukbataihi one's head to one's salute; national anthem |
pUil vAJi

kneee); to hand over, turn over (Jl to (ämm) general welfare, common weal;
s.o., * or s.o. or s.th.) ; to leave, abandon ftAJl jb Paradise; an epithet of Bagh-

Jl a s.th. to s.o.) ; to deliver up, surrender, dad; Dar es Salaam (seaport and capital
{

expose (Jf • s.o. to); to oommit o.b., re- of Tanganyika); ^^U! o> (the City

sign 0.8. (Äa to the will of God, with of Peace =) Baghdad; p"jUl j± nähr
ellipsis of <—ä! or (i-l alone:) aas, the Tigris; 5Ü* p^A—Jl (solämu),
»s*\)i

to deolare o.a. committed to the will of SLU >^>L- peace be with youl (a Muslim

God, beoome a Muslim, embrace Islam salutation); p^UI a_U upon him be
|

4Jil *j»\ i-l (amrahü) to oommit peace (used parenthetically after the
Jl

one's cause to God, resign o.s. to the will names of angela and of pre-Mohammedan
of God; «*-jj ,1-1 (rvhahü) to propheta); ^^-> L ezclamation of dis-
(
CjJ\)
give up the ghost Y to get, obtain (* may, esp. after s.th. oalamitous has

s.th.); to receive (* s.th.); to have (* happened: good Lord! good heavens!

s.th.) handed over or delivered; to take oh dearl Jp p^U U ezclamation of
over, assume (* the management of amazement or grief about s.th.: there

s.th.) oJlu LS (m. al-huhn) to goes (go) ...! what a pity for ...! how
| fJ-\
take (the reins of) power VI to become nice is (are) ...! *JI£* (ballig)
<J^-~

reconciled with one another, make peace give him my kind regards! remember me

with one another Till to touch, graze (* to himl (-"jtJlj (and) that's all, and let

s.th.); to receive, get, obtain {* s.th.); to it be done with that; oUII ...
J» it's

take over (* s.th.), take posseBsion (* of) all over with ...

X to surrender, capitulate; to give way, ^iJL^L- (Turk. seiaml\k) aalämlik se-

submit, yield, abandon o.s. (J or Jl to
lamlik, reception room, sitting room, par-
B.th.) ; to give o.s. over ( J or Jl to s.th. ; to
lor
a man, said of a woman) to lend ; o.s., be a
Buccumb (J to)
<*^>U saläma blamelessness, flawlesa-
party (J or Jl to s.th.); to
ness; unimpaired stste, soundness, in-
L- salm peace
tegrity, intaotness; well-being, welfare;
i- silm m. and f. peace; the religion safety, security; smooth progress; suc-
of Islam |
1JI «-J- hubb aa-B. paoifism cess | S-eLr;^! ioUl (ijmä'iya) collective

security; jj-ül <*^~> s. a4-&auq good

ijXß silmi peaceful; pacifist
taste; a^Ül (ihÜ) **}L- the integrity of
L- saiam forward buying (Isl. Law); ö^U
the country; LJI 0. an-niya sincer-
a variety of acacia ity, guilelessness; i-JI ö:>Lj in good
i- suUam pl. J^U aalältm 2 , (J^ faith, bona fide; tilu^L- a speedy re-

«alälim 2 ladder; (flight of) stairs, stair- covery! IoUI aa (a greeting of fare-
 ;; ;

pL. 426

well, said by the person remaining be- V^ islämiya the idea of Islam,

bind) approx.: good-by! farewell! -J-I Islamism; Status or capacity of a Muslim

ioLJI Jp Ali (hamdu) praified be God for
J.j-Ot-1 look up alphabetically
your well-being! (said to the traveler
retuming from a journey) LJ tasaüum receipt ; taking over,
assumption; reception
%
JL- sallm pl. »1<U aulama safe, se-

oure; free (j- from); unimpaired, undam- C^i-I istiläm receipt ; acceptance

aged, unhurt, sound, intact, complete, taking over, assumption | f'^-'Vl öjlil

perfeot, whole, integral; faultless, flaw- acknowledgment of receipt

less; well; safe and sound; safe; healthy;
v^_x-l istisläm Burrender, capitula-
sane; (euphemistically) seriously injured tion Submission, resignation, Belf-sur-
;

or damaged, on the verge of ruin |

render
SJUl ~L s. aUbunya healthy, sound in
JL> 8Ölim safe, seoure; free (j* from);
body iJUI ; J-- benign (disease) ; Ji*Jl J--
unimpaired, unblemished, faultless, flaw-
e. al-*aql sane ; i;J' /^** ** on - n *y*> ^*
less, undamaged, unhurt, intact, safe and
c-üll 8. (ü-qaü> guileless, sincere, good-
sound, safe; sound, healthy; whole, per-
natured; *-L* jjj ((&*«?) good taste
fect, complete, integral; regulär (verb) |

iS^U aulämä pl. CjUS- svlämaydt pha- iL-Jl a^I (jam') sound {= external)
lanx, digital bone (of the hand or foot) plural {gram.)

V"^-* sulämxya pl. -ä( phalanx, digital L»* musaüam unimpaired, intact, un-

bone (of the hand or foot) blemished, flawless; (also <> J—*) ac-

sounder cepted, uncontested, incontestable, in-

1* I <uZania Bafer ; freer ;
disputable, incontrovertible
healthier

üUU sulaimän 2 Solomon üLL* Oj»- iL— musälim peaceable,peaceful,peace-

|

loving; mild-tempered, lenient, gentle

hüt 8. salmon

Sublimate,
Lk* muslim pl. -ün Muslim
JLL* svlaimäni corrosive

mercury chloride k—- mustalim recipient; consignee

JLJ tasUm handing over, turning

jXh> (Fr. eylindre) eilender pl. -ät cylinder
over preeentation; extradition; sur-
;
(of an automobile, and the like)
render (of s.th.) ; delivery (com. ; of mail)
Submission, surrender, capitulation ; salu- (jLm) ^L- Bald u {ji- svlüw, o\jL> stdtoän)

tation; greeting; concession, admission; and saliya a (J-- suliy) to get rid of
J*-
assent, consent (<-» to), acceptance, ap- the memory of (a, » or je), forget (*, •
proval, oondonation, unquestioning reo- or je s.o., s.th.), think no more (», » or

ognition (<-» of) je of ) II to make (» s.o.) forget (je s.o.,

s.th.); to comfort, console, solace (« s.o.,

ül_ mumlama conciliation, pacifi-
je for the Iosb of); to cheer up (» s.o.);
cation
to distract, divert (je a s.o. 's mind from);
v>U isläm Submission, resignation,
to amuse, entertain (» s.o.); to alleviate,
reconoiliation (to the will of God); — dispel (* worries, and the like) IV = II
f^L>*Vl the religion of Islam; the era
V to delight, take pleaaure (»-* in), have
of Islam; the Muslims a good time, have fun, amuse o.s. (<~>

iS^Ü xslämi Islamic with) ; to console o.s. (<-» je for s.th.

 r
with), find comfort (^ jp for s.th. in); jL-bM *-' iam al-i&dra (gram.) demon-
to seek diatraotion or diversion (^> j* strative prononn; j«-«=Jl
f\ (gram.)
from s.th. in) diminutive; jxJI -.1 %sm al-'adad (gram.)
»jL. salwa, evhva solaoe, consolation, numeral; J*ll ^1 um aZ-mo'nd" ((Tram.)

comfort; fun, amusement, entertainment, abstraot noun ; ^aII -.1 %sm al-'ain

diatraotion, diversion; pastime (gram.) oonorete noun; J^örJl .J (pram.)

| J _j*

u-i*^ (> •A- (*°*^) he leads a oomfort- elative; J^ill ^l um aZ-^7 (gram.) ver-

able life
bal noun, nomen verbi; J*UJI -.1 (gram.)
nomen agentis, aotive participle; --I
tüjL* aalwä consolation, solace, oomfort
uj**i> (gram.) nomen patientis, passive
^jL- aalwä (n. un. ;ljL-) pl. ^^U «- participle; lj>.\ ^\ iam ol-marra (gram.)
ZäuxZ quail (zoof.) nomen vicis; J-J-l »lr-V' (fyvanä) the 99
üljL* «uiwtSn forgetting, oblivion; oon- names of God (/*/.); utAi *-Ij in s.o.'s

solation, solaoe, oomfort

name, on behalf of s.o.; *»\ —j in the

•"£-* modZöA pl. JL». nwMdiin

name of God; !L»f-l ^j J\j oLLLJI *XJ£
objeet (tuqaddamu t-faiabät) applications will be
of amusement; amusement, entertain- addressed to the ohairman of the society
ment, fun, diatraotion, diversion; solace,
consolation, comfort ^1 iami in name only, nominal, tit-

ular; nominal (gram.) |

^1 iL. (mab*
*J—J tasliya consolation, amusement,
lag) nominal par; *ir\ iU; (jumla) nom*
diatraotion, diversion, fun ; pastime, inal clause (gram.) ; i-r*! i*J (gima)
entertainment
nominal value, face value
J— musaüin amusing, entertaining;
comforting, oonsoling ;
^- aamma u (aamm) to put poison {* into
comforter, con-
s.th.); to poison (» s.o., * s.th.) II to
soler
poison (* s.th.) V to be poisoned, poison
LijjJ- slov&niyä Slovenia 0.8.

D J-* masli (eg.) = je aamn : cooking *- aamm pl. Ajt? aumüm, ^Lt* aimäm
butter |
jLj*
J—* (fio&äti) vegetable butter poison, toxin ; venom opening, hole
;

eye (of a needle) |

»L*JI fj-J (bai$ä*)
«t'Jimy&m selenium
fj aM
**
the white narootics (such as cooaine,
I ^-l Heroin, etc.)
vra pl. »Lei a*mä\ aL-I a«Sfn»n name;
appellation; reputation, Standing, pres- {je* aamüm f., pl. flr aamä'im*
tige; (gram.) noun; Lt-l isman nominally |
hot wind, hot sandstorm, simoom
iJlJUI p.\ pen name, nom de plume;
pl— maaämm', oUL». masämmät (pl.)
ils&l ^J do.; tfjljf ^-1 (tf/äri) firm
pores (of the akin)
name (com.); 1* --I um 'oiam proper
name; X»U- —.1 (pram.) primary noun t/l—. maaämmi porous
(not derived from a verb form); -.1
-J-J 4~*L-» masämmiya porouBness, porosity
iam al-jam* (gram.) collective noun
(whioh, though forming no nomen uni- ^—j taaammum poisoning, toxication;
sepsis JjJI ^-Jl (6ouä) uremia; «
tatis, has a broken plural); ^^1 jjj.1 Ji |
-
T "JI

iam ol-jins al-jam'i (gram.) generio i$>*-iJI (damatot) blood poisoning, toxemia
col-
lective noun (which can form a nomen j»U sämm poisonous; toxio, toxioant;
unitatis; e.g., aU- hamäm pigeons); venomous
 428

rj~— maemüm poisoned; poisonous be indulgent, forbearing, tolerant ( j £•

toward a.o. in), ahow good will (j in);
—* musimm poisonous; venomous;
to be not overpartioular ( j in) j to prac-
toxic, toxioant
tica mutual toleranoe X to ask s.o.'s (•)

Bky-blue, azure, oerulean permisaion; to ask forgiveness, apologize

J>f Lc* samänjüni
•j- samh magnanimity, generosity;
O^jLe* simbätawi sympathetio {physiol.)
kindneas; liberality, munifloenoe
1
C~r- m tobe on the other aide of (*), be
»j- samh pl. Ac* rimäh magnanimous,
opposite s.th. (*), face a.th. (*)
generoua; kind; liberal, openhanded
Cj- samt pl. cy sumüt way, road;
j-lr- samäh magnanimity, generosity;
manner, mode; C..J1 azimuth (tutron.) |
kindneas; liberality, munifloenoe; indul-
^,-TjJI cj* *. ar-ra*« zenith, vertez (öftrem.)
genoe, forbearanoe, toleranoe, forgiveness,
cr*Üi c~r- «. al-iama eoliptio (astron.);
pardon; permisaion (v f°r » to do a.th.)
(JIj^VI C~r- equinoctial oolure (a*<ran.);
j*jjjl c-r* s. al-qadam nadir (ortron.); cr" S*-Lc* samäha magnanimity; generos-
wOÜVl soletitial oolure (astron.); j*lü ity ; kindneas ; liberality, munificence
C~J nadir (astron.); Jl <^- JU-! to take indulgenoe, forbearanoe, toleranoe; *>-lr*

the road to ... His Eminenoe, JÜl 5*-Lc* Hia Eminence

the Mufti (title of a mufti)
CfU' pl. of «*, aee ,-j
«j* aamiAj>l. »Lj* sumahä** generoua,
gC Mffluja u to be ugly, disgusting, re- magnanimoua ; kind, forgi ving ; liberal,

volting II to make {* a.th.) ugly or loath- openhanded

aome H
-1 -,, <i-J-i aJ-Aant/a a*-samAö' the
-r* samj pl. rLc* rimäj and «m»; true and tolerant (religion, i.e., Islam)
pl. ^Ir* samäjd ugly, disgusting, loath-
1*1—. musämaha pardon, forgiveness;
some, revolting
(pl. ~ät) vacation, holidays
«-** «mi; pl. ^U* *im<J;, ^r^* ****
*l—j tasämvh indulgenoe, forbearanoe,
mäjä, »Lj- mvmaja** ugly, disguBting,
lenienoy, toleranoe
loathsome, revolting
4t rj*—• masmüh bihi allowed, per-
Ä»-lr* samäja ugliness, abominableness,
mitted, permissible, admisaible |
c*U-j*—
odiousness
licensea, privilegea, prerogatives

«r* aamuAa u (aamA, ^Ir* jamäA, i*-U-

£l~£- mutasämih indulgent, forbear-
MmlAa) to be generous, magnanimous,
ing (a* toward), tolerant
kind, liberal, openhanded; — samaha a
<Jj- aamlA) to grant from a generous JUj- «imAdf pl. Jj»-lr* MmäAtg" periosteum
heart (<-» J s.o. a.th.); to allow, pernüt (anot.)

(jl or u J a.o. s.th. or to do a.th.); to

l 4r* samada u (:>_>** aumüd) to raise one's
empower (<-* J s.o. to do s.th.)
authorize, |

head proudly, bear one's head proudly

Zi\ -«- V Qod forbid! II to act with
ereot (also with ^J\) II to düng, manure,
kindnesB III to ahow o.a. tolerant (»
fertilize (,>j^l the soil)
with s.o., jory in), treat kindly, with

indulgenoe j or u • (
a.o. in the matter jLr samäd pl. SJjfl asmida düng,
of), forgive j or u (
. a.o. s.th.) VI to manure, fertilizer |
^lu» alr« (sinä't)
 429

chemical fertilizer; iSj-+* ^ ('u^w{) •jr^f aamira woman partner in nightly

organio fertilizer or evening conversation; woman enter-

J-*-j taemid manuring, fertilizing

tainer; woman companion (who enter-
tains with lively conversation)
•uUi sämid: ^J^ -L.L- s. ar-ra** with
head ereot
jf\ asmar', f. *\jf aamrä**, pl. y
eumr brown; tawny; pl. f. £*IjIjT* «m*
Llilu*—. musammidät fertilizers
räwät brown-skinned women
•O -V* *am%d (=Ä-f) semolina (*yr.); * jjl— masämir1 (pl.) evening or nightly
kind of biscuit or ruak, sometimee ring- entertainments (oonversations, alsogames,
ahaped and Bprinkled with sesame seed vocal recitals, storytelling, etc.)

(wo
jI_* miamär pl. j^l—. masämir* nail;
jjAf sumdür pl. joLr" «mödM dizziness, peg; pin, tack, rivet; oorn (on the toes)

vertigo (^j^JLl Ji^l al-kaff al-mismäri ounei-

form writing
Lc wn!^ semolina
IjjI—* musämara nightly or evening
\fC samura u (I^r* «tmro) to be or tum
chat; conversation, talk, ohat
brown; — Samara u (samr, jjf eumür)
to ehat in the evening or at night; to jjL- aämir pl. jLc* summär companion
chat, talk (generally) II to nail, fasten in nightly entertainment; causeur, oon-

with nails * B.th. to or on); to drive versationalist; entertainer

(Jl

in (jl(-il al-miemär the nail) III to spend j*\j* sawämir* (pl.) evenings of enter-
the night or evening in pleasant oon- tainment, sooial evenings ; evening or
versation, chat at night or in the evening nightly entertainments (conversation«,
(• with s.o.); to oonveree, talk, ehat (» also games, vocal recitals, storytelling,
with s.o.) V to be or get nailed down, eto.)
be fastened with nails; to stand as if
j+*~* musammar fastened with nails,
pinned to the ground VI to spend the
nailed on, nailed down; provided, or
night or evening in pleasant conversation,
studded, with nails; hobnailed
chat with one another at night or in
the evening ; to convene, talk, ohat j*\~* musämir companion in nightly

IX =I samura entertainment, oonversation partner

jr* samar pl. jLr I aamär nightly, op IjjUI as-tdmira the Samaritans
evening, chat; eonversation, talk, ehat;
&j*\*> sämiri Samaritan; (pl. -ün, »jC
night, darkness
»amara) a Samaritan
IjT* aumra brownness, brown color
jyr
l pl.jj.lr look up alphabotioally
jLr aamär (eg.) a variety of rush used
for plaiting mats (Junous spinosus F., XjjC samarqand1 Samarkand (city in Uzbek
bot.) | tJL» &•£* j\s (hindi svlb) a variety 8.S.R.)
of bamboo
_r
-f oameara to act as broker or middleman
jjr samlr companion in nightly enter-
ij-f sanuara brokerage; caravansary
tainment, conversation partner; enter-
tainer (in general, with stories, songs, jLr* simsär pl. IjAr sam&tira, jJjf
musio, amusing improvisations) samänr*, jwlr aamätür* broker, Jobber t
 430
i^r**"

middleman, agent |
^-*VI jt-r- a. ol- *r* aartC hearing, sense of hearing,

oahum Btookbroker audition; ears; (pL'£l**l aamä?) ear |

«*-JI 4aU earwitness; <*U»llj a*-JI aa-

ij^~f aamaxra (ir.) go-between, match-
aam'u ioa-t-fä'atu and «*ltj Uf sairian
maker
loa-ttTatan I hear and obey! at your
—X" aimaim aeBame Service I very well! -4**" c-^ in their
hearing, for them to hear; **—!! 3j*»\
±t? samafa u (samf) to soald (> ß.th.); to
istaraqä a-aam'a to eavesdrop; to moni-
prepare (* B.th.)
tor, interoept; <dl ***_j Jjl {alqä) to
ir «m$1
pl. i^r «umü^ atring, thread
listen to s.o.; *~f J* madda sam'ahü
(of a pearl necklace)
to priok up one's ears
i-Lf «»möf pl. -öi, .Lr* Bumuf, «J«** 1

jjf aam'i auditory, auditive, hear-

aamifa cloth on whioh food is served; l

ing (used attributively) ; acoustio ; aoous-

meal, repast
tical; traditional | oL**Jl I* 'Um
in~* masmaf pl. .L.I—. nuudmtf 1 Boald- aa-aam'iyät aoouBtics
ing house (wheie the oarcasses of slaugh-
**r aum'a reputation (specif., good
tered animals are scalded)
reputation), credit, Standing, name |

O -^*—* mismaf pl. .L.I—. masämif*

i**JI (j->- or) Jut- (hasan) reputable,
vine prop
respectable; i**JI or) »j.ij radi'
(\f
»r* samt'a a («am*, f-Lc* «xmä', «Lc* aanuTa, (aayyi) aa-a. ill-reputed, disreputable
*_. ma«na') to hear (*, * s.o., s.th.; <->
f-lf «jttmT hearing, listening, listening
of or about s.th. ; j* * s.th. from s.o.) ; to
in; auditioning, audition; hearing, re-
learn, be told (^. a of or about s.th.
and
ceiving (e.g., of a verdict); (gram,
from s.o.); to listen, pay attention (Jl
lex.) generally accepted usage
or J to s.th.; ,> to s.o.), hear s.o. (,>)
by hearsay about ^fie* samä'i acoustic; acoustical; au-
out; to learn (l-. s.th.);
dible; (gram, and lex.) sanctioned by
to overhear {»-. s.th.); to give ear, lend
one's ear (Jl or J to s.o., to s.th.) o *-—j ^
|
common usage; derived from tradition,
(

traditional, unwritten (Isl. Law)

(yuama*) unheard-of II to make or
Iet (• s.o.) hear (a s.th.), give (* • a.o. oLpLc samä'iyät acoustics (phya.)
B.th.) to hear; to reoite (* s.th.); to say
«^r* samt pl. »U** guma'if 1 hearing,
(a one's lesBon); to dishonor, disoredit
listening ; hearer, listener ; ^—H the
(y s.o.) IV to make or Ist (• s.o.) hear
AU-hearing (one of tho 99 attributes of
(a s.th.), give (* • s.o. s.th.) to hear; to
God)
let {» s.o.) know (a s.th. or about s.th.),

teil (a » s.o. about B.th.) T to give ear, 4»Lf eammä'a pl. -ät earphone; ear-
listen, lend one's ear (Jl, J to s.o., to piece; (telephone) reoeiver; stethoscope;

s.th.); to eavesdrop, listen (seoretly) ear trumpet; knooker, rapper (of a door)
VI ^-Ul -u uLJ people heard about bim
-*_. maama* earshot, hearing distance |

from one another, word about him got

around, he became known among people
^ r, -
Jp in the hearing of, within
earshot of ; *i* *»—• J* for him to hear,
VIII to hear, overhear (a B.th.); to listen,
so that he could hear it
listen closely, give ear, lend one's ear

(Jl or J or a, * to s.o. or s.th.); to eaves- *_. miama" pl. «L-. masämi'* ear;

drop; to ausoultate (J* s.o.) O stethoscope; (telephone) reoeiver |

 431

^—l— Jp in their hearing, for them to ST Lt* «amäiba thicknesa

hear
iil.Lx T7ia*äm»fc* nah stores, sea-food

«*»** misma'a earpieoe ; (telephone) atorcs

receiver
•j&" aamkara tinsmith'a trade, tinamithing
*-L «Jmi' pl. -ün hearer, listener
j^&* «amibar» tinsmith, tinner, white-
pj*—* mowifi' audible, perceptible |
smiti
UxJl pj*—* "»• al-kalima one whose word
ü_5Cf* «am£ariya trade or work of a
carriea weight, is paid attention to
tinsriith, tinamithing

f*i_* mustami' pl. -ün hearer, listener;

Jr" samHa u (sami) to gouge, scoop out,
pl. ü^ the audience
tear >ut (*1j- 'ainahü s.o.'s eye) ; — samala
l
Jj* «amo^a u (Jy «umüf) to be high, tall, u (J_-f «*miU, Uy Aumü&i) to be worn,

lofty, tower up tatte red, in rags (garment) IV to be worn,

tat te red, in rags (garment) VIII to gouge,
3jC samüq very high, towering; tall
scoop out, tear out (4_£ 'ainahü s.o.'s eye)
and lanky
Jr* «amai pl. JLfl asmäi worn gar-
J*U aämiq very high, lofty, towering
ment; tattere, rags; last remainder of
jlr* summäq aumac (Rhus; bot.); ita highly a liquid in a resael Jp- |
J—Jl ^t&l ^ji
acid seeda which, after being dried and to drain the cup to the drega
ground, Berve, together with thyme, as
a condiment
^ samina a (siman, ÜLt* samäna) to be
or become fat, corpulent, obese, atout,
jLr* j? hajar summäqx porphyry plump, fleshy, put on weight II and
IV to make fat or plump, fatten (• s.o.)
<litf II to make thiok, thioken (* s.th.)

jlf tamh roof, oeiling

jf samn pl. jy aumün olarified

butter, cooking butter

<lif swnk thioknesa
je* siman fatneaa, plumpneaa, fleahi-
iLr* «omat (coli.; n. un. '*) pl. iJU* ness, atoutneas, oorpulenoe; obeaity
aimäh, lilfl asmäh fish | ,y_>* dir* «.
iic" simna fatneaa, plumpness, fleahi-
mü*J plaice (zool.)
ness, stoutneBS, oorpulenoe; obeaity
iSür* «amaiba (n. un.) a fish; l£*-Jl
,y* summun (ooll.; n. un. •) pl. ^Js*
the Fish, Piaces (astron.)
samämin* quail (zool.)

£j* samaki fish-like, fishy, piacine,

tj-x* samln pl. üLt* simän fat; oor-
fish (adj.)
pulent, plump, fleshy, atout, obese
iiLf «»mdfc: ütflcJl as-simäkän Aro-
jLf* summän (coli. ; n. un. •) quail (zool.)
turus and Spica Virginia (astron.) j iil^JI

£ljl Arcturua (oafrcm.); Jj*Vt iJ^JI (a'zal) üU* sammän butter merchant
Spica Virginia (odron.); O^lc-ll Jl jl*- iiU" »amäna: J»-_pi üLf" *. ar-rijl calf
(AoZ£a?a) to have high-flown aspirations of the leg

iJU" nammäh fiahmonger; fiaherman, JU" surnänä (coli.; n. un. »LjLt* sw

naher mänäh) pl. oLilr* sumänayät quail (zool.)

iLr" AxmCJk thick •-—. musamman fat

u*-

jZf (Sp. cemento) cement •lr- aam& m. and f., pl. cAj\e (*i*l>r)

aamäwät hearen, sky; firmament | »lr 1

dy**** wmanjüni and djf Lc" aamänjüni olj^Jl the highest hearen
sky-blue, azure, cerulean
Jlr samä'i hearenly, celestial; sky-
jOit* samandar Salamander blue, azure, cerulean

J-Lf aamandal Salamander (jjLf samätoi hearenly, celestial; sky-

blue, azure, cerulean ; descended from
j^r- «amAari tall and husky, extremely
hearen; open-air, outdoor, (being) under
tall, of giant stature (<*Utl £0 spear
jji )i
tbe open sky; dirine, pertaining to God
(originally epithet of a streng, tough
and religion
apear)
^jf samly high, elevated; exalted,
if *»ma see ,-j lofty, sublime, august

(y) Lf «nid u (y «umfito) to be high, ^1 aamä higher, farther up, abore;

elevated, raised, ereot, lofty, tall, eminent, more exalted, higher (in rank), more
prominent; to rise high, tower up; to eminent, loftier, more sublime
be above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (je), sämin pl. «lr* sumäh high, elevated;
l»U
rise abore, tower above (je); to be too exalted, lofty, eminent, sublime, august |

proud (je for) ; to be too high or diffloult j-L- j*\ (amr) royal deoree; t/UI «-»J 4 --^
(je for s.o.), be or go beyond the under- the High Commissioner
standing of s.o. (je), exoeed s.o. 's (je)

understanding; to rise (Jf to, J* abore jy aammÜT pl. j^lr samämlr* sable (Martes
zibellina; zool.)
or beyond); to be higher (Je than);
to strire (Jl for), aspire (Jl to, after) j ^jf II to name, call, designate, denominate
<! lr* to Iift, raise, elevate, exalt, lead up, or * by or with a name),
(*, * s.o., s.th., i_j

bring up s.o. or a.th. (Jl to); to buoy s.o.

give a name (*, • to s.o., to s.th.); to
up, boost, enoourage s.o. in to seek to title, entitle (> or u a s.th. as or with);
surpass or excel (• s.o.); to vie for superi-
to nominate, appoint (J • s.o. to s.th.);
ority or glory (» with s.o.) IV to lift,
to pronounce the name of God by saying
raise, elerate, exalt, lead up, bring up 41I — j -ui* 4Ji\ (»ammä üäha) or
I ij?
(*, • s.o., s.th.) VI to vie with one an* 4-le to invoke God over s.th. by
ijf
other for glory; to be high, elevated, saying -il -j IV to name, call, desig-
raised, ereot, lofty, tall, eminent, prom- nate, denominate (*, • s.o., s.th., l-> or
inent; to rise high, tower up; to be * by or with a name), give a name (*, *
above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (je), rise
to s.o., to s.th.); to title, entitle (* s.th.,
above, tower above (je); to olaim to be u V
»or as or with) to be oalled, be
higher in rank (Je than s.o. eise), olaim named -by j^Z he was named
|
{
Zaid, he
to be above s.o. (Je); to deem o.a. highly
called himself Zaid
superior
-J um see l
f
js sumüw height, altitude; exalted-
^jf samiy namesake
ness, loftiness, eminence, highness |

JjjJI yf His Grace the Duke; u~*-L* iL*-j Uumiya pl. -<K naming, appella-
jilil _^JI {malaki) His Royal High- tion, designation, name, denomination;
ness; 5-UI j*JI U-L. Her Royal High- nomenolature ; = *\ « ; basmala (use of
ness; Ö^*-Vl >f nobility of charaoter the formula -il --j)
 433 L.

{J
*-* musamman named, called, by nail), nib (of a pen); (pl. ül— I asnän)
name of; — (pl. ^L.*—• mu&ammayät) age (of a person); — (eg.) ooarse flow,
deeignation, appellation, name ; Bense, seoonds |
J-t^Jl y. s. ar-ruSd legal age,
meaning (of a word) |
*~* J»-l Jl (ajalin)
{J
majority; J-*Jl ^ *. al-fll ivory; j~}\ >>-#
for a limited period, a*_ * ji. J»-l Jl for young; ,yJ\ j%-5* old; jJ\ j jßl* to be
au indefinite time, sine die, until further advanced in years, be aged; ^Jl *t £-*-tu

notice (taqaddamat) to grow older, to age; to

be advanoed in years
1
i-- sana pl. ü^-- sinün, oj^-- sanawät
year i.U£ <L- (muAamnuuttya) Mo- i— sunna pl. ,>•" sunan habitual prao-
|

hammedan year; *-ijf i— leap year;

tiee, oustomary prooedure or aotion, norm,
'<*• («wwiAlya) year of the Christian usage sanctioned by tradition; i—JI or
V-?—'
hjJt year of ,oJl i-- s. an-nabiy the Sunna of the
era, A.D.; Ji- (hijrlya)

the Muslim era (after the hegira), A.H.;

Prophet, i.e., his sayings and doings, later

established as legally binding precedento

i j^jL. i^- (mtWdlya) year of the Christian
era, A.D. (in addition to the Law established by the
Koran) |
i— Jl J*l ahl aas. the Sunnites,
tfjL* sanavA annual, yearly; Ly- «o-
the orthodox Muslims; U-JJt <** law of
nawiyan annually, yearly, in one year,
nature
per year, per annum
J- sunnl Sunnitio ;
(pl. -fln) Sunnite,
4^L* musänahatan annually, yearly Sunni

' stna see u*J ,>- sanan oustomary praotice, usage,

habit, rule
*
y- sanna u
l
(«in») to sharpen, whet, hone,
grind (* B.th.); to mold, shape, form
jL- sinän pl. i-l asinna spearhead

(* s.th.); to prescribe, introduoe, enact, j^-- sanün tooth powder

establish (# a law, a oustom) |
li^jli ,j» to
^yl oMnn 1 older, farther advanced in
enact, or pass, a law II to sharpen,
years
whet, hone, grind (* s.th.); to indent,
jag, notch (* s.th.) IT to grow teeth, j—. misann pl. -ät, üL-* masänn* whet-

cut one'a teeth, teethe; to grow old, stone, grindstone; razor strop

to age; to be advanoed in years Till to i*j-- masnün prescribed (as Sunna),

olean and polish one's teeth with the
sanctioned by law and oustom; sharp-
iJlj— ; to take, follow {* a ooarae or way); ened, whetted, honed; tapered; pointed
to presoribe, introduce, enaot, establish (e.g., mustaohe, features); stinking, fetid
(# a law, a oustom) | X^- c* j^l («*n* (mire)
naia m.) to follow the Sunna of Mo-
hammed (>— musannan toothed, serrated, den-
tate, denticulate, indented, jagged; point-
j~ sann preecription, introduction, ed, sharp; sharp-featured (countenance)
enactment, issuance (of laws)
iiw* musannana pl. -ät cogwheel
j*. sinn f., pl. üL^I amän, i-*l arinna,
of a comb; of j—. murinn pl. ül— masänn 1 old,
j*>\ asunn tooth (also, e.g.,
aged, advanced in years; of legal age,
a saw blade); jag; oog, sprooket, prong;
legally major
tusk (of an elephant, of a boar, etc.);

fang (of a anake, etc.); point, tij, (of a L— see £**

 idea, thought); to present itself,
•jt> rinnära pl. jOb-* sanänir* fishing tackle; (J,

offer itself (J to s.o., esp. an opportu-

fishhook
nity); to afford (^ 6 b.o s.th.); — to
« jLi- aunbd4aj grindstone, whetstone emery ;
disBuade (& • s.o. from hia opinion), ar-

gue or reason (j* • s.o. out of his opinion)

J^JL- aunbüq pl. J-iL> «andtig* bärge, skiff,
boat fLä sänih pl. f\j* sawäniK* turning
its right aide toward the viewer (game or
*JJL- «uniwfc pl. dlib** «indfrüP toe of the
bird); auspicioua, propitioua; favorable,
hoof hoof; awl, punch, borer
;
good (opportunity) ; pl. £|>- auspices,

good omens, auspiciouB signs ; ideas,

»JJL- «wdwfc pl. ^Lt> sanöbik* and iJj-i-
thoughts
«un&üfc pl. £L;t> «inäWfc* bärge, skiff,

boat 4^U aäniha opportunity

JJU «*n6ui (coli.; n. un. ;) pl. -#, Ji^ *> £- sink pl. £l>1 amäk, £>- aunük root,

nöWJ" ear, Bpike (of grain) ; ÜJ-Jl Virgo origin; alveolua, gingival margin of a

(astron.) |
j-jji Jri-" ("* m{ ) C« 1 *» tooth (anot.)
spikenard (Nardus celtica; bot.); J-i-H fustiness
•w* eanak rankness (of oil),

jüil (fcinit) Indian spikenard (Nardo-

jw- aanxk rank, rancid (oü), fusty
ßtachys jatamansi; bot.)

iv-U— sanäka rankness (of oil), fustiness

JjL- «un&uti spiciform, spicate,
shaped
like a spike or ear (bot.) 1
-U** Axnada u {j^ «unüd) to Support o.s.,

prop o.s., rest (Jl on, upon), lean, recline

jX-^-iL- aan&ü*'fe, eanbiUak (syr., ir.) trian-
(Jl upon, against) II to support, stay,
gulär meat pie with a wavy bread orust
prop, lean (* s.th.) III to support, back,
CS* cent assist, help, aid (. b.o.) IV to make (»

s.o.) rest (Jl on); to make (» s.o.) lean or

sanfimtir pl. -ät oentimeter
recline (Jl against, on); to lean (Jl * s.th.
1S
7J> aan;a pl. ^- «na;, c*l*-^* sanajät agttinst); to rest, support, prop (Jl *

weight (placed as a counterpoise on the s.th. on); to base, found (Jl * s.th. on);

ecales of a balance) (scienoe of Islamio traditions:) to base

on as ita
"i*j> ainga (from Turk. aüngü) pl. ^ «noff
a tradition
authority,
(*)

i.e.,
s.o. (Jl)

to trace back the asorip-

first

bayonet (eg.)
tion of a tradition, in ascending Order of

•pt- «nö; aoot, emut the traditionaries, to its first authority

so as to corroborate its credibility;
i_jUj-* sinjäb gray squirrel; für of the gray lean a term upon an-
(gram.) to (*)
squirrel other being the subject of the sen-
(Jl)

(JUj— einjäbi ash-colored, ashen, gray tence, i.e., to predicate it, make it its

predicate; to entrußt (J or Jl * s.th. to

* aanjaq pl. J<r^-* *Jnä;ig' Standard, nag,
s.o.), vest (J or Jl * s.th. in s.o.); to at-
banner; sanjak, administrative district to s.o. s.th.);
tribute, ascribe (* J or Jl
and subdiviflion of a vilayet (in the
to incriminate, charge (* Jl s.o. with);
Ottoman Empire)
to lean (Jl against, to, on), rest (Jl on);

•w- eanaha a (««nA, «unuA, £><- sunüh) to to be based, be founded ( Jl on) |

***3I ^!
occur (J to s.o.), oome to b.o.'b mind Jl (tuhma) to direct one's suspicion on
 43ö

or toward ...; Jl **pl OX--I (twnidai) £~1\ predicate {gram.); 4-Jl X—il subjeot
Btispioion feil on ... VI to support ose {gram.)

another, give mutual support; to support XjL^ mustanid relying, in relianoe

o.e. , lean, rest; to trust, rely VIII to
(J'» J* on), tnuting (Jl, J* to)
lean, reoline, be (J#, recumbent Jl

against, on); to rest one's arms, one's

XI— mustanad reason, cause ; mo-

weight (J*, Jl on), support one's weight

tive; — (pl. -ät) document, paper, deed,

(J»> J
b y): to
1
^
based, b« founded
legal Instrument; voucher, record; re-
ceipt; pl. (documentary) proof, records,
(J*. to rely (J*, Jl on) t trust,
J' on);
data; legal evidence (jur.) ol.fcJLAI jIj
hare oonfidenoe (J#, Jl in); to use as |

archives, office of public records; ol-Ux_*

(documentary) basis (J* ß.th.),,reet one's
y*jM m. aS-kthn bills of lading
case on <J»)

£-* sanad pl. -öf, jb— <wn£i support,

I
-U-J1 as-aind region extending along the
prop, stay , rest, back ; baoking ; (pl. lower course and delta of the Indus
ob— 1) asoription (of anlslamio tradition), river; the provinoe of Sind, of West
the (uninterrupted) ohain of authori- Pakistan, with the capital oity Karachi;
ties on which a tradition is based f the inhabitants of this region
I-jJS*- oix— (jfaSabiya) wooden struts,

wood bracing; — (pl. -ät) document, ^jjX-- sandarüs sandarac (a resin obtained

from the sandarao tree, Callitris quadri-

deed, paper, legal Instrument; vouoher,
valvifl)
record; commercial, or negotiable, paper,
seourity, bond; debenture, promissory sundua silk brooade, sarcenet
^r-X--
note, note of hand, debenture bond |

«jLiJI ^ £- *. Sahn al-b. bill of lading;

^5-^--

or sarcenet
mtndusi (made) of silk brooade

x-JI JUj informants, authorities, souroes

jlx-* sanddn, sindän pl. ^ib— aanädin* JU ' (see above)

anvil
übXLi sindiyän (coli.; n. un. •) evergreen
•U-. mienad, maenad pl. A5l — . maeä* oak, holm oak (Quercus ilex; bot.)

nid1 support, prop, stay; rest, back (of

JLjX-- nndiyünl oaken; like oak, oaky
an armchair); cushion, pillow

jb—l isnäd pl. oJLI asänid2 ascription ^Lx— (Fr. syndic) sandik syndio, agent of
a corporation
(of an Islamie tradition), the (uninter-
rupted) chain of authorities on which a 1
j^b— eanänxr*
j>~' tinnaur pl. oat
tradition is based; 4JU (documentary)
proof, vouchers, reoords, documents JjL- sinnära pl. j*jb-* tanänir* fisbing

tackle, fishhook
jUI-I istinäd leaning (Jl against or
upon); dependenoe (Jl on) |
Jl IjUI-1 <-Lj£_juJI as-eanskrUxya Sanskrit

based on, on the basis of, on the strength

1
-Ui- 8ant a variety of sant tree (Acacia
of
nilotica; bot.)
-L_* musnad pl. .Ul—* masänkP (science

of Islamie traditions:) a tradition the "«k-« sanfa (eg.) wart

ascription of which is traoeable, in (un-
jjk— «jnfflf dulcimer (— jJ^-)
interrupted) ascending order of the tra-
ditionaries, to its first authority; mesh; ^-jjk— «fl/öro« CentauruB {astron.)
 ;

436

j«k> ein^ir, sanfir psalter; duloimer possible, be feaaible (J for or to s.o.), be

lendered posaible or feaaible (J for s.o.),
•jjilii- nngäfüra Singapore be put in s.o.*s (J) power; to rise, be
elevated, be exalted
JUl- 8tni$äl Senegal

J* and L- sanan brillianoe, resplend-

u>*- «n/ (ooll.; n. un. 5) pod, capeule, hüll
e&oe, splendor; flare, flash, aparkle
(feot.)
»L- sanä' brilliance, resplendence, splen-
IjjU-- sanfara emery dor, radianoe; flash, flare (of lightning);
exaltedness, sublimity, majeaty, high rank
^jSc-* «anfcari pl. J^U- «rodHra tinsmith,
sanfy high, sublime, exalted,
tinsman, tinner, whitesmith J-
splendid
jl—5c- »naJ»dr synaxarion, martyrologium
J**l atnä more shining, more radiant,
(Car.)
more brilliant

«Sc* (Turk. silngü) smgt bayonet (syr.) 5JU aäniya pl. o\_y sawänin water
sooop
Uj&~ einkünä cinohona (bot.)
;L— muAtnndA pl. üU- musannayät
L* V to ascend, mount, Bcale (* s.th.) | jetty, dam
JULI 5jji {Jt (danoata l-ma'äll) to
^Jji-* (Gr. otfpodoc) «nAfos synod
attain to greatest honors

**!-> sanama height, aummit» peak »— tfuntinä swallow (zwi.)

* L- satväm pl. i*i^l aenima hump (of ^j^- aanawf annual, yearly; b>> ranainyan
the oamel) annually, yearly, per year, per annum
,' "II #U ttuT af-feunfm the beverage
c-^- IT to speak at great length, talk in
of the blesaed in Paradise detail (je- about, of), enlarge, elaborate,
tasannum aeoession to the throne expatiate, dilate (j* on)

musannam oonvex, vaulted, arohed o^> svtö pl. *->j4" suhüb level oountry
steppe region
1
\,\^ «tntfflffldr : j^* »lj»- »Ij»- jazähu
<->W"' maö6 elaboration, elaborateneBs,
jouTa «. he repaid bim as they had re-
expatiation, long-windedness, prolixity j
paid S., i.e.» he requited evil with good
t^l^Jj elaborately, in detail, at length,

ijj*i- nnamüra anohovy; salted and lengthily

amoked fish mu«A»&, musAoA prolix, long-

v*— •

winded, lengthy, detailed, elaborate

>*i- T to become stale, apoil (food)

Ȁ^L- musdnahaian annually, yearly

o^ mAüZa a (aahad) to be sleepless, find no
sleep II to make sleepless, keep awake,
1 L- sanä, JL. L- *. maJtW, «C L- 0. makka deprive of sleep (» s.o.) V = I

(bot.) aenna (tree) ; senna leaflets (pharm.)

•L+~ suhd sleeplessness, insomnia
% (jL*> and J-) L-* sanä u (»L- sanä*) to gleam, J+* suhud insomniao
ahme, glisten, be resplendent, radiate; to
*[+*> suhäd sleeplessness, insomnia
flash (lightning) II to faoilitate, ease,

make easy (* s.th.) V to be easy, be 4*L- sähid sleepless, awake

 ;

J*-

j+* aahira a (aahar) to be sleepless, find no provide, furniah, aupply (* J or

J* s.o.
sleep, paas the night awake (also with with facüitiee); (gram.) to read with-
J-Ul } ; to stay up at night, spend the night out hamzah (* a word) m to be indul-

(J* in or with some activity); to watoh gent, mild, forbearing, obliging (• to-

(
J* over), guard (J* s.o.'a interests, eto.), ward s.o.), show (• a.o.) one's good will |

look after (J*),

attend to(J* s.o. 's 4—Ü J*U (nafaahü) to take liberties
interests, eto.) J
iü*- j j+* to attend IV to purge (med.) to relieve (* the oonsti-
;

a gathering in the evening or at night pated bowels, said of a medioine); paas.

IT to make sleepless, keep awake (• s.o.) ushiia to be relieved (said of constipated
bowels), have a bowel movement, have
j+~ aahar sleeplessness, inaomnia ; wake-
diarrhea V to be or become easy (J for)
fulness, vigil; watchfulness, vigilance(Jp
VI to be indulgent, mild, forbearing»
over) | iSj+~ »x* JU» I spent a long eve-
obliging, tolerant (*. toward s.o., also
ning with him
J); to be negligent, careless (j in s.th.)
~*j+- sakra pl. aaharät evening; evening X to deem easy, think to be easy (* s.th.)
party, evening gathering, evening Bhow
or Performance, Boiree |
i-L) i_^- (lailiya) J+-- sohl and edkil smooth, level, even,

do.; I^+Jl soft (ground) ; easy, facile, convenient

( L ^M or) <-jLj evening dress,
formal dreas (J* for s.o.); simple, piain; fluent,
flowing, facile (atyle); — (pl. J_^- «*•
o\j+- aahrän sleepless, awake, wakeful
kül) level, soft ground; piain | J|,*i-Vl J^-»
watchful, vigilant
handy, easy to handle or to use, oon-
jLj- auhär sleeplessneBs, inBomnia; venient for use ; ^JtX J+- I a. al-ho^m eaaily
wakefulness, vigil digestihle, light; il+- ~Af ('umla) soft
currenoy; «-U J4JI j* ülT to be eaay
jLj- aahhär one who is habitually up
and abroad at night, a nighthawk
for a.o., come eaay to a.o.; "^+-j ^»1 see

O j+~\ aahar Bpermatic duct (anat.)

O «U-* saMa (proof) planer (typ.)
j+-* mashar pl. _^l—. maaähir2 night-
club J-+-* awAatf Canopus (ajfron.)

jmL- aähir sleepless, awake, wakeful; J^+- aahül purgative, laxative, aperi-
watchful, vigilant; evening, night, noc- ent (adj. and n.)

tumal, nightly, taking place by night | iJ_H-- *uAüto easiness, ease, facility,
*j*l* Äii*- (hafla) evening party, evening
convenience | *J_h-j easily, conveniently
gathering, evening show or Performance,
soiree J+-I aahaP smoother, evener, leveler;
easier; more convenient
«Js- sahifa a (sahaf) to be very thirsty
J_+-J fcwAiJ pl. -öl faoilitation
öLj- Buhäf riolent thirst
Jl+-t MAdZ diarrhea
J+- sahuia u (<1^+- suhüla) to be smooth,
J*L-J taaähvl indulgenoe, mildneaa,
level, even (ground); to be or become
lenienoy, forbearance, tolerance ; care-
eaay, facile,
(J* convenient
V for) j
lesaneaa, negligence
•j'
J+-i hardly ... II to smooth, level,
even (* the ground); to facilitate, make J^— • musAif purgative, laxative, ape-
easy, ease (* J or J* for s.o. s.th.); to rient; (pl. -äi) a purgative, a laxative
 438
J«-

J+-- mwAaZ Buffering from diarrhea forgetfulness | \j+- sahwan inattentively,

distractedly, absent-mindedly, heedle&s-

J*I—u mufcuöA»! indulgent, mild, leni-
ly, negügently; inadvertently, by mis-
ent, forbearing, tolerant
take
Jl
" - mudfeuAai easy, facile
*j4* sahwa a kind of alcove

^ sahama u (j\h-* ^uAüm) to look grare,

ü \j+~ aahwän* inatten tiv e , heedless
hare a grave expression III to cast, or
distracted, absent-minded, forgetful
draw, lots { with s.o.); to participate,
take part j in), partake j of s.th.), share #L aähin inattentire, absent-minded,
( (

j s.th.) IV to give a share J J to b.o. negligent, forgetful | L*V l^L sähiyan

( (

in), make s.o. (J) share s.th. (j) lähiyan amusing o.a. in a carefree manner,
completely at ease
a* «aAm pl. pt^ «Aäm, ^-\ aehum,
tu* suhüm arrow; dart; (pl. ^I — l
{*j**) »L sa a u (*j** sau*) to be or beoome
aehum) portion, share, lot ; Bhare (of bad, evil, foul, wicked; to become worse,

stock) ; sahme, a Square measure of deteriorate (condition); to grieve, sadden,

7.293 m» (Eg.) jjll p* rocket; ^.l afflict, hurt, vex, torment, trouble,
\

^-i-till founders' shares, original shares; offend, pain, make sorry, displeaae

j-ijJJl tk-\ a. al-qar4 bonds, gorernment ( • s.o.) |

:>L-» »L {aabüan) what an
bonds; ^*Vl ÄU> hamakU al-a. share- evil way (= what an evil praotice) this

holders, stockholders; -+Jl -LiJ the die is ial UU »L (fannan) to think badly of
*j

s.o., have a poor opinion of s.o. ; <uJ IL- »L

cast; j »-£-* ,4-J Vy-» (musibin) to take
an aotir e part in participate actively in ...
,
(tälVuhU) he was under an evil star, was

j u-i«*jj (4-J uy> (wo-na^iitn) do. ill-starred, he was unlucky or unfortunate

J*j-J yasü'um I am Borry II to do badly,
suhüm gravenesa Badness, mourn- ;
I»_j4- spoü, härm (* s.th.); to blame, censure
ing
(a Jp s.o. for s.th.); to disapprove (*
,^*+-l aahumi share-, stock- (in Com- of a.th. J» in s.o.), dislike (J* * s.th. in
pounds) s.o.) IT to do badly, spoü, härm (* s.th.)

to deal badly (Jl with b.o.), aot meanly

*>!—. musähama participation, taking
or evilly (Jl toward s.o.); to do evil
part (j in), sharing (
j of) |
i^l—il tf"^
(Jl to s.o.), wrong (Jl s.o.); to härm
Sirkat al-m. joint-stock Company, Cor-
(Jl s.o.), do härm (Jl to); to hurt, offend,
poration
insult (Jl s.o.); to infliot pain (
Jl on s.o.) |

>L «öAtm with earnest mien, grave- «Ji^^adl »LI (tasarrufa) to misbehave,
faced comport o.b. badly; j »Jj-cJI »LI to

>L-* muttZAtm shareholder, stockholder go about ... in an evil manner; *j jUI »LI
(zanna) to think badly of b.o., have a
(_^-) l^,. sahd u {sahw, auhüw) to be in-
opinion of »LI to
poor s.o. ; j^*=Jl
attentire, absent-minded, distracted; to
choose a poor expression, express o.b.
negleot, omit, forget, overlook (j* s.th.) |
poorly; J^u.1 »LI to misuse, abuse s.th.;
4-L (J
4- auhiya 'alaihi to be lost in
«d-L* »LI (mu'ämalaiahü) to miatreat
thought ^tll »LI
s.o., treat b.o. badly; (fahma)

j+~ sahw inattentiveness, inattention, to misunderstand VIH to go through

inadvertenoe, absent-mindedness, dis- rugged times, fall on evil days; to be
tractedness ; negligence, neglectfulness, unpleasantly affeoted; to be offended,
 439
C*
hurt, annoyed, indignant, upset, angered, jann poor opinion ((-> of); iL Uli *»UI
displeaaed (,> about, at, by); to be dia- ». (ü-mu'äTnaia mistreatment, eto., see

satiafied, disoontent (j* with); to take IV above

amiss {J* a.th.)
»LlJ w%<S" dissatisfaction, disoontent,
»j-- eü' pl. »1^-1 a*wö* evil, ill; iniquity, indignation, displeaaure, annoyanoe,
injury, offenae; calamity, misfortune |
vexation
C-iJl »j-- *. al-bakt misfortune, bad luok;
* ^
iS
mttsl' diapleasing, unpleaaant,
JJ- 1 y- a. al-Aau do. ; -UJ- ( »j-J un-
offensive; harmful, disadvantageous, per*
fortunately; ^jUI »>- s.al-hilvq ill na-
nicioua; inaulting
ture, ill-temperedness ; <JU-I »^ bad
oonditions; ÄJU-I «^ bad Bituation, pre- »U—. mustä' offended, diapleased, an-

dicament; »jIjI/I *>- s. al-idära mal- noyed, vezed, indignant (,y» about, at, by)
administration, miamanagement ; »j-* dieaatisfied, disoontent (j- with)

il^LJI bad behavior, misbehavior, mia-

%
*\j* see ,jj*>
oonduct; ,jiiJI »^ ». az-zann poor opinion;
oLJ^U! *j* bad relations; iLUI »_>- a.
<jJj" sawärx horseman, oavalryman, so war;
ol-muämaia mistreatment; Jl^*!/! »>- horsemen, oavalry
abuae, miauae; ,+iJl »j-* 0. al-fahm mia-
underatanding; VUJ1 a. at-tafäkum üLJj-* (Fr. soutien) sütiyän pl. -ät brassiere

mutual miaunderstanding, diaharmony,

Vj- (Fr. «xu*4) söilh sauteed
diacord; .UaUl »j- *. al-gajid evil intent;

LJl »j-- 0. an-niya do.; .-«AI •>- «. al-

VU look up alphabetioally
ha4m indigeetion

l]j*, ;»j-- «zu'a pl. -fl* shame, dis-

grace; diagraoeful aot, atrocity; private j-L- *ZÄa u to travel, rove, roam
(r>-)
part, pudendum; pudenda |
iiJi •*y about
(sau'atan) shame on you I

S»-U säha pl. -<K, ^U *JÄ oourtyard,

*(#**>
*<s
t 8a yy** Dftdt evil, ill, foul |
open square; (open) spaoe; arena; field
JJ.I »^ «. al-hatf unfortunate; unluoky
(fig.) v_A' *"-^ * aJ-Jwrfr theater of
|

person; ^^U-'l »^ «. ai-fcuZug ill-natured;

war; fUl c>UL- oourts, tribunals; **-U
LjJ3I «^ 4. ai-tor&iya bad-mannered,
JbiiJl battle field, war zone; »Lüil 1— L-
badly brought up; i**—Jl »^ 4. o-s-*u*n'a
0. al-qa4ä* tribunal, forum; <->LJVl Ä^-t-*
ül-reputed, disreputable; ^Ul *^- *.
athletio field, Sports field; *>-U !y 6orro*a
af-fab' ill-natured, Ul-tempered; fJlW *ts*
«dAataAa to aoquit 8.0.
unlucky, unfortunate; unluoky person;
from bad to J\_y sawwäh pl. -ün traveler, touriat
!>-' J' *^ t> (<Mvx?a>)

worse ^U «i*tA pl. -ün, ^L- auyydA, ^l_>^

5^- sayy\a pl. -<K sin, offenae, mis- «uwuüA traveler, touriat; itinerant der-

deed; bad aide, disadvantage (of s.th.) vish; anchorite {Chr.)

;»l— nuwtTa pl. tfjl— ma*Iu»»** evil

u (hy to be or be-
(r>-) ^U> ftJ4a savJf)
deed, vile action; pl. diaadvantages, bad
oome doughy, soft, alippery (esp. ground),
sidea, drawbacks, ahortoominga
yield like mud; to Bink (^ö^l j in the
I»L»1 iatita misdeed; offenae, affront, ground, of the foot) | **-jj c^-U (rühuhü)

insult; sin, offenae |

jliJl •«'-•I i. ax- to beoome faint, awoon
>y* 440

1
j_^- II to make blaok, blaoken (* s.th.); to book |
^JJI oj—4 m. af-fa6' proof sheet,
draft (* a letter, etc.), make a rough galley proof
draft (* of s.th.); to cover with writing
'(jj-) iL «feto u (öL- siyäda, »j* «u'rfud,
(* sheets), soribble (* on sheets) |
*^*-j j^-
su'dad) to be or become master, head,
(wajhahü) to expose s.o., ahow s.o. up,
ohief, ohieftain, aovereign, lord, over-
make a fool of s.o., bring s.o. into dia-
lord (*, • of or over people, of or over
repnte, disoredit, disgrace, dishonor s.o.
s.th.), rule, govern (*, * s.o., s.th.), reign
IX to be or become blaok
(*, • over); to prevail (o.g., view), reign
i\j~ sawäd blaok oolor, black, blaok- (e.g., calm); to be predominant, predom-
ness; (pl. Iaj-\ aswida) blaok clothing, inate, have the upperhand (J» over)
mourning; arable land, tilth; shape, II to make (• s.o.) master, head, chief,
form; inner pari, coro; majority; multi- ohieftain, eovereign, lord, overlord
tude |
jl^-Ji or JI>Jl j[>- the rural area
L- sayyid pl. aLJ asyäd, JjL säda,
of Iiaq; Jiel/I *\jJ\ the great mass,
CjIaL sädät master; gentleman; Mister;
the great majority , the largest part
Sir; lord, overlord; chief, chieftain;
^Ul *\j~ the common people, the masses;
title of Mohammed's direct desoendants
,j«Jl jlj- 0. at-'ain eyeball; ijJ.1 jIj- |

^X-- (sayyidi, oolloq. sidl) honorifio

suburb, outskirts of the city; JJJI j|>-
before the names of Muslim Saints
*. al-lail the long, dark night
(eap. magr.); O^U A-Jl Mr. So-and-So;
ij~\ aswad*, f. »Ij^ mudä*', pl. jj- Ö^U tfV (tnfl^r.) do.; ^1/1 jUJl .l-
*fld blaok; dark-colored; — j^-I ew- Supreme Commander of the Navy (Eg.
wod* pl. öljj-- «Min a blaok, Negro |
1939)
ül^Jl (j**) the Sudan; »Ijj- fli£ I.L- sayyida pl. -tu mistress; lady;
severeet reproaches ; ^-U >j*\ coal-blaok,
Mrs. | dLi* io_Jl fo^iküuAü) his wife;
jetblack
ü}Ü ;a_Jl Mrs. So-and-So
*\>j~ savdä'* blaok bile (one of the
oL- riyäda command, mastery; dom-
four humors of anoient medioine); mel-
ination, rule, dominion; supremaoy;
anoholy, sadness, gloom
sovereignty; title and form of address
»l-4j- auwaidä"* blaok bile (one of the of bishops (Chr.) ; siyädat . . . (with foll.

four humors of ancient medioine); mel- genit.) nowadays, in Egypt, general

ancholy, sadness, gloom ; »l-b^JI Suweida title of reapeot preoeding the name,
(oapital of the Jebel ed Druz) |
•l.b>- ^jjL- = you, a reepeotful address in-

i_-UJt *. al-qälh the deepest folds of the troduoed after the abolition of titles of
heart, the inmost rank and Egypt li[^L\ öL-
sooial class in |

*. al-mufrän His Eminence the Metro-

ijj\}j* saudäwi melancholio, depressed,
politan; ,j-*SJ\ öL- approx.: His Ex-
dejeoted
oellenoy the President (Eg-); oii *Jj*
ülj^Jl (>•*>) {büäd) aa-BÜdän the Sudan •iL- (rfauia) sovereign state

J!j>- aüdäni Sudanese; (pl. -ün) a ii}- sudud, su'dad dominion, dorn-
Sudanese ination, rule, reign, power, sovereignty

Jj j-j tastvid rough draft 4?U sä'id prevailing (opinion, feeling,

mood, oalm, etc.)

!^< musawwada, muswadda draft,
rough copy, rough sketoh, notes; day- •Jjj-Jl, iS-by look up alphabetically
 ;

t*
*oL look up alphabetioally and ander a J»j- 3L-L- aiyäaa pl. -<U administration,
management ; polioy ; i^l—* «ydwto»
OAj0> savdana to Sudanize (Eg.) for reasons of expedienoy (Jal. Law) |

4jij0> savdana Sudanization (Eg.) IJjAll IL-LJl (duwaliya) diplomaoy; i-*L-Jl

S-LJI ('amaftyo.) praotical polioy, Real-

l
jj0> II to enolose, fence in, wall in, Surround
politik; O CT^' *-*L
r- * at-towoMu*
with a railing or wall (* s.th.) III to leap
polioy of expansion
beeet, assail, attaok, assault
(* at
(• s.o.);
s.o.),

to befall, overoome, grip (• s.o.,

(j-L- «*yd*i political; diplomatio; —
(pl. -ün, *-*U aäaa) politioian; diplomat,
emotion) T to soale (* a wall, a olifF, etc.)
statesman |
*—-L-JI j Ijill politioal ciroles;
jjm sür pl. j\j**\ aswär wall; enolosure, (j-LJI iiLJI (nlfc) diplomatio corpa;
fence, railing ^-LJI jLuJVI ^ ('rtm aJ-igtiflSd) po-

•jj- süra pl. jj* auwar chapter of litical soience, political eoonomy
the Koran, sura taaawuma (dental) oaries
(j-j-j

•j_y aaura vehemence, force, violenoe; h'U pl. *-*U 8ÖSC -L

severity (of cold) wöa, ^L-* auyyöa stableman, groom
driver (primarily of anunals); manager,
^lj*« aiwär, auwär pl. jy sür, »jj->i aawira,
leader
jjUl asäwir1 , IjjUI asäwira bracelet,
armlet, bangle ; armband ; ouff, wrist- "(j-ij—il oa-auwSa Suez (seaport in NE Egypt) |

band ^rij-Jl JL* ganöl a«-«. Suez Canal

'^jl^- look up alphabetioally 'S-Jj-r aee ^j->

*jl>~l look up alphabetioally c--j-- «utfto zipper (eg.)

5
t$j>- 8üt% Syrian; (pl. -ün) a Syrian ^j- sausan, süsan Uly of the Valley (bot.)

'Ijjj-- aüriyä Syria | <si^i-\ \*j_y (janü* (J»j-*) i»U röfa u («m^) to whip, flog, lash,

Palestine; Ijj>- dcourge (• s.o.)

biya) sJi^i\
l (sugrä)
do.; fj&\
i
Ijjj-> (kubrä) (Greater) Syria ±>j*> sauf pl. Jffl^-I aswäf, i»L- «tyäf
whip, lash, soourge
7
*ljy süriya* = Ijjj--
J*j—* miwaf stick or similar implement
O^j") ^U säaa u (i^L- aiyäaa) to dom- used for stirring
inate, govern, rule ( s.o.); to lead,
guido, conduct, direct (* f * s.o.. s.th.);
ÄeL aä'a pl. -ät, pl— «»' (öhort) time, while;

to adininister, manage, regulato (a s.th.); hour; timepiece, clock, watch; ÄcUI the

— aawisa yaswasu to be or become Hour of Besurreotion ; aa-aä*ata now, at

worm-eaten; to beoome carious (tooth); present, by this time, at this moment, in

to rot, decay (bones) n and T = sawisa this instant; at once, instantly, immedi-
ately, just | tO*"'j **'— ilr-i
(twi-ttfcrä) from
jj-j-* aus (ooll.; n. un. «) pl. üLj^
hour to hour; ieLJI
J*- untü now;
aisän woodworm, borer; mothworm
UL-JI j* from now on, henceforth; j*
^.jM süs lioorioe (Glyoyrrhiza glabra; 4=pL> immediately, presently, instantly,
b°*-)
I WJ* «Ä/*
**
r *• lioorice root; at once; i*LJI 4i* from now on, hence-
^j-JI i-jj rubb aa-8. licorice rob, tbick- forth; *^LJ ol* he died instantly; «-U
ened licorice juice i_«i- 1 «. al-jaib pocket watch 5*1*j UL> ;
f
(ramitya) hourglass ; 4~-r* «*U {&im* Jty* II to put off {• s.o.); to postpone, draw
*»ya) sundi&l; «*U J>
I *frn *f ait/ü out, delay, procrastinate (* s.th.)

transitory, ephemeral
Jtf saufa (abbreviated form m sä)

iiu-U «ä'oto'v^tn in that hour particle of future tense, o.g., isJ^j"

(tarä) you will see
Jl*L «T<SW pl. -yo watohmaker
ül— rruuäfa pl. -ät, öjl— masäwif*
«m^ «uuut'a pl. -Öt little hour, littlo
distance, interval, stretoh; (mw.) in-
while
terval |
ÜL_ J* at some distance

(fj*>) M-* säga u («JU0, £l— masäg) to be tJuj-J taswif pl. -ät prooraBtination,
easy to swallow, go down pleasantly postponement, delay, deferment
(drink, food); to be permiflsible, be per-
jlj-j tastvifi dilatory, delaying, pro-
mitted, allowed (J to s.o.); to swallow
craBtinating
(* s.th.); to permit, allow, aooept,

tolerate (* s.th.), put up (* with s.th.), JlL-i^- süfUfä'i sophistio

swallow, stomach s.th. (*, fig.) II to
allow oLij-- sufyät, >l-xJf sovylt Soviet
make permissible, permit, (* J
to s.o. s.th.), admit (* s.th.); to justify, jLi^ sufyäti, JJ>-, JsAK sofyeil so-
Warrant (»-* * s.th. with); to lease, let viet (adj.) |
JU>-Jl iU'^1 (ütihäd) the
{* s.th.) IV to wash down, swallow Soviet Union
easily {* s.th.); (fig.:) to take, swallow,

stomach (* s.th.), Btand for s.th. (*), (J>-) JL *J?a u (sauq, **L~ siyäqa, JU-
V nuud?) to drive, urge on, herd (*, •
put up with s.tb. (*) to leaae (* s.th.),
X to regard as prisoners, cattle) ; to draft, conscript
take a lease (* of s.th.)
fcJtJL li'l-jundiya for military service);
easy to swallow, find pleasant (* s.th.);

to taste, enjoy, relish (* s.th.); to ap- to drive (* an automobile); to pilot

prove (* of s.th.), admit, graut (* s.th.), (* an airplane); to carry along, convey,

deem {* s.th.) proper transport (* B.th.); to send, dispatch,
forward, convey, hand over (Jl * s.th.
j-l— masäg easy aocess; possibility;
to s.o.); to utter (* s.th.); to cite,
permiBsion J LiL— ^*~~i / (V *'
quote, propound, put forth (* s.th.)
|

tat*') he couldn't put up with ....

«iU* JL (masdqahü) to follow the
couldn't reconoile himself to couldn't
. . . ,
example or path of s.o.; £j-J-I JU to
swallow ...; ilill £l— 1/ (masäga, Sakk)
«Jl «i^-lM JL
carry on the converaation;
one eannot possibly doubt it
to address s.o.; £j.U.I JLj jJLJi {yuaäqy.)

A>j-j tatwig biring out on lease, you are the one that ifl meant II to market,
leasing i>l» (ffo^) IämI- seil (* merohandise) III to accompany
|
fej-ä\j ir*/*"
Lease Act {pol, Tim.) (• s.o.); to go along, agree (• with s.o.)

V to trade in the market, seil and buy

«JL sd'i§ easy to swallow; tasty,
in the market VI to draw out; to form
palätable; permissible, permitted, al-
a sequenoe, be suooessive, be oontinuous,
lowed
be coherent; to harmonize VII to drift;
justifying fao-
fj~.< musatvwifl pl. -ät to be driven; to be carried away, be
tor, justification, good reason given over «j JLJl to carry s.o. away
|
Jl

to drive or urge s.o. to ... VIII to

fLS~* mustasäg easy to swallow; tasty, ...,

palätable drive, urge on t herd (» oattle)

 443 Ü.

3_y saug driving (of a oar); draft, Jtj* sawiq a kind of mush made of
oonsoription (*tJ^ U-l-jundiya for mili- wheat or barley (also with augar and
tary servioe); mobilization (of troope, dates)
also of forces, energiee, eto.) •jU-l
|
Jij* sutvaiq and <Äjj-* suwaiqa ßtem,
jj-J! ijäzat aas. driving license Btalk (of plants)

O l!^ sauqiya ßtrategy *i>- «uuxziga Bmall market

JU säq f., pl. 3_y süq, uU~- rigor» JU- siyäq Buocession, sequenoe,
shank; thigh; leg (also geom.); aide oourse, thread (of oonversation) ; oontext
(jjfiöm.); trank (of a tree); stem, atalk
Jlj-- aavnoäq pl. -fin driver (of ani-
(of plants) |
pU-l JU a, al-hamäm
mala) ; driver.ohauffeur; (railroad) engineer
bugloss (Anchusa officinalis; bot.); Ü»)j
JUII rabiat <w-#. garter; JUII iLj >»Uj JU. maaäq trend of things, oourse,

Order of the Garter; JLJl Ja« '02m development, or progresB, of s.th.; üU

aas. shinbone, tibia; u**Ull tfjUi* «*«* Jl it amounts to . . . t comea to . . . , wind*
feudwf s-süqain isoscelea (jööm.); c*1j up in . . . , is ultimately aimed at . . . ; also

JL- J* v^J-' (£ar&u) the war was or be- see JU säqa above |
oUlj-Ul ,j- JU*
came violent, flared up; war broke out; course of studies; Jl JUII U (S
,ii\ we

LffU j» *->.J"l £*izf (kaSafat) do.; «Juti" have oome to the point where ...

öU j» j-Vl the matter became diffl-

Jj^-j iasunq marketing, Bale (of mer-
cult; J •bU JU J* ._i»j («. ü-jidd) to chandise)
turn one's zeal to, apply o.b. to, ezert
il^-j taswiqa (eg.) bargain, adran-
o.a., make efforts in Order to ...; Je tageouB purohase
JUj *ai (gotiam) in füll swing, oarried

on most energetioally (undertaking, pre- JjUJ taeäwnq coherence, interrelation,

parationB, etc.); £jJl «U J-jl arsala connection, contezt; harmony

däqahü U-r-rih to Bpeed along like the jJU saiq driving; driving force; —
wind (pl. -ün, ÜU säqa) driver (of animals);
ohauffeur, driver; (aircraft) pilot
üU säqa rear guard, arriere-garde

Jj-- süq mostly f., pl. Jl^-I tuuxSg j*j~* mu8auqar {tun.) = £j-* musattkar

bazaar street; market; O fair |

jJl J>- (i\y) iJU eäka u (sank) to rub, scrub, bcout
üU*-Vlj *. aX-birr wa-l-ihsän eharity
(* s.th.) II to olean and polish, brush,
bazaar ; *J- I Jj-Jl (Aurra) the free clean (uU-Vl the teeth)
market; öU*-Vl J>- eharity bazaar;
i\\j*> aiwäk pl, il^ sük a small stick
*>J~-^J" {i»»rtya) do.; j^IM J^-— 11

(the tip of which is softened by ohewing

(wuwd) the black market; iJj^iil J^Jl
or beating) used for cleaning and pol-
(mü&araifc) the Common Market; Jj--
ishing the teeth
xcJI «. an-naqd money market (stock
ezchange); ti»1lj«*^l J'j-S produce illj— miswäk pl. iLjU. masüxnk*
markets; jLUl j_>I* J_>- «. 'u^wi aZ-

gufn ootton exohange

jfj- saukara to insure (* gooda, etc.); to
y_j- süqa subjeets; rabble, mob regiater (* a letter)

J^- *üqi plebeian, common, vul- jO— • mueaukar inaured; registered

gär (letter)
 ;

444

'J^- II to talk or argue s.o. (J) into s.th. iSj* sawiya a to be äquivalent, be equal
evil or fateful (*); to entioe, seduoe (J s.o., (* to s.th.), equal (* s.th.) II to even,
ßaid of the Devil) J
<-Jü <l cJj*. (na/* level, nivellate, flatten, straighten (*
suhü) he let himself be seduced (* to) s.th.); to smooth (* s.th.); to smooth
down {* s.th., e.g., folds, wrinkles
'J^-J taaawwaia (for jL? tasa"ala) to beg
<uLJ $» one's clothes) ; to equalize,
Jj-J taaawvnd begging, beggary make equal (i^ m s.th. to s.th. eise), put
(* B.tb.) on the same level (<-* with s.th.);
Jj-1. mutagavwril pl. -ün beggar
UfLj iS_y to put two persona on an
l
{[j-) j»U «äma u («a«m) to offer for aale equal footing, treattwo persona as
(* a oommodity); to impoae (* • upon equals, reooneile two persona; to make
s.o. a punishment or task), fort» (* *
regulär, make good (* a.th.) ; to oook prop-
upon s.o. a diffioult task); to demand erly (* a.th.); to regulato, arrange, make
of s.o. {*) s.th. (*) beyond his power up, smooth over, Bettle, put in Order (* a
|

Li-*- **U (jeasfan) to treat s.o. un- dispute, a eontroversy, eto.) | **J**\ ^y*
justly, wrong s.o.; to humiliate s.o.; — to crush s.o. 's pride III to be equivalent,

(i«l—* aiyäma) to ordain, oonseorate (a be equal (* to s.th.), equal (* s.th.);

priest, a bishop, etc.; Chr.) n to impoae, to be worth (* s.th.); to equalize, make
foroe (* • upon s.o. a diffioult task), equal (<_-> * s.th. to s.th. eise), put (* s.th.)

ooeroe (* * s.o. to s.th. diffioult); to de- on the same level <i^ with); to establish

mand of s.o. (*) s.th. (*) beyond his equality (ü*jj jw between— and); —
power; to assess, estimate (m the value *r~>
jjU make them equals, equalize
to

ofan objeot) ; to mark, provide with a them, put them on the same footing; to
mark (* s.th.) III to bargain, haggle, regulato, arrange, make up, Bmooth over,

ehaffer over a prioe (* with s.o.); to bar- settle, put in Order (* a dispute, a eontro-
gain, haggle (J or Je, «-> • with s.o. over) versy, etc.); L^Lj iSjl* = LfLj jj* (aaw
IV to let (* oattle) graze freely; to let wä) VI to be equal or similar; to be
(* the eye) wander VI to bargain, haggle balanced, keep the balance VIII to

(j over, for) VIII to bargain, haggle, be even, regulär, equal; to be equivalent

ohaffer (i^ or <j, Je over, for) (* to); to be on the same level; to be or
beeome straight, even, level; to stand
i»jL*. mwdwama pl. -ät bargaining,
upright, ereet, straight; to straighten up;
to sit down (Je on), mount (Je s.th.);
i/U s&ima pl. r\_y sawd'tm1 freely to Bit firmly (Je on an animal); to be
grazing livestook properly cooked, be well done ; to ripen,
mature, be or beoome ripe
•pU, iyU look up alphabetioally
iSj* siwan, suwan equality, sameness;
§
ft— •» tjUL*. see V* (with foll. genit. or suffix) other than,

except | tfj* A~ Je (kaddin) equal(ly),

j*y sümir* Sumer
indiBoriminate(ly), alike, the same; *Li»

*J**j* Sumatra Sumatra •Lk J* faddaldhü 'alä siwähu he preferred

i)\j"\ look up alphabetioally

bim to everybody eise; ^j-
iSy — only, nothing but
— • V , ^
P*j- söhag Sohag (oity in central Egypt, on *\_y aawä* equal; equality, samenesa;
the Nile) satoä'a except | »^i JS* ^aJ *\y (la*
 ; •
;

445 L.

daiki) it is all the Barne to him, he is in- the law |

tfjLZli J* or tfjL-Ub likewiae,
different to everything; »Ij-j #'j- (ao- in like manner, equally, evenly, regularly

wtTon) equally, indiaoriminately, with-

»lji-1 istiwtf straightness; eve.nness,
out distinotion; together; #I>JI J* like-
levelness; equality, regularity, steadineaa |
wise, in lue manner, equally, evenly,
J>l-VI V- $a# oj-wf. equator
indiacriminately, without distinotion; all
jlji-l wttwd'i equatorial, tropioal
the aame, making no differenee; J* »lj- |

it doesn't make any differenee for ...; V*|>^Vl UkJ.1 (m»nfa?a) or >UI
(j') — 'L>~ (aatttl'on) regardless
yljs-yi the tropios

whether
f'
— or . . . , no matter whether — jl—* musdwtn equal, equivalent, simi-
or . . . , be it that ... — or . . . ,.
f
1 — »l_>- lar
do. ; jj . ' i tVI ^ »lj- .H^L. A--»^
jLl* muto*Junn equal, aimilar, (a)like;
j^jjuVt _r*j the diaeiples of Soorates,
even, equable, equally Btrong; of equal
both Athenians and non- Athenians;
weight, equipoised, equiponderant | jjLi.
(i^jil) »lj- (mahajja) the Btraight,
J-j—)1 jjLl* m.z-zaw*»
jlu*l/l equidistant; Wjjll
right path
yd equiangular (jcom.) «jJLJl jjt-I. m.
;

&jm sawiy pl. »Ij^-I ajunyd'* straight; «•söfat» isosoelee (peom.); £jL»Vl jjL-Ä*
right, correot, proper; unimpaired, in- equilateral (geom.)
taet, sound; Btraight-bodied, straight-
_ji_. mtutoun'n Btraight, upright, ereot
shaped, of regulär build or growth; even,
even, emooth, regulär; well done (oook-
regulär, well-proportioned, shapely, har-
ing); ripe, mature
monious; bj-- sauXyan in common,
jointly, together tiji—• muafawon level, niveau, Stand-
ard »Hl jj=—• water level; tfjt-U
*jj- satnya pl. Uj- aawäyä equali-
|

*I*Jl
(J
fümi) scientific level; »LJ-i jji—
ty; sawiyatan together, jointly
m. l-hayäh Standard of living; ijy—> J
^ *tyy (for m. and f.) pl. »IjJ aswä*
(with foll. genit.) on an equal level or
equal, similar, (a)likeOL- l> they
|
footing with ...

are alike, are the same; j.l* üL- l>

they are both the same to me •u_>.Jl (Fr. Ja 5u&«) cm-0uw«2 Sweden

^
ticular,
Id

mainly
riyyamd especially, in par- j-4j- wwidl Swede; Swedish

,j-i>Jl as-suwla Suez (seaport in NE Egypt) |

"<^j- aawäsiya (pl.) equal, alike j (j-i^-JI (JbJ) *li* (?andf, qanäl) Suez Ganal
they are equals
V*L>" (ü*) f Svizzera) swiserä Switzerland
Ij-Jj- (It.
*j j-j tastoiya leveling, nivellation
settlement, arrangement, adjustment (of tjj^ij* steiseri Swiss

controversies, eto.); equalization ; settle- 1 S~-

«ya pl. -<M eurved part of a bow
ment (of a bill) | <i>*-*" £-* outstanding,
unsettled, unpaid {com.) 1
D <j- « short form of 0-* sayyid, jU~* Mr.,
Sir (esp. nw^r.)
*ljL_* musäxväh equality, equivalenoe;
equal rights, equality before the law;
'^ «yy» iL- see tf-K
settlement, oomposition (com.)
(•L- aiyäm Siam, Thailand
jLJ taaätmn equality, equivalence,
aameness; equal rights, equality before jL- «tydn oyanogen
 44ft

*5*a * (***&) to flow, stream, zun i*-L- siyäha pl. -ät travel; tourism
(vi**) v'-*
(water) ; to zun along, speed along, glide
^U- oayyäh pl. -ün traveler; toor-
along, creep along, crawl along; to walk
ist
fast, hurry ; {eg.) to leave, give up, relin-
quish {* s.th.); (eg.) to negleot (*, * s.o.,
£L- sä'ih pl. -ün, r-U- «uyydA, «uw
s.th.); (eg.) to release, let go, free (*, • s.o., wäh traveler; tourist; itinerant derviah;

s.th.) II to leave, give up, relinquish (* anchorite (Chr.)

s.th.); to negleot {*, • s.o., s.th.); to re-

musayyah fluid, liquid; Btriped
£_-*•
leaae, let go, free {*, * s.o., s.th.) YII to
(garment)
flow, stream, ran (water); to pour, flow
(Jl into), enter (JI s.th.); to peter out, *(;--) j-U aäka i {»> oaik, uU«- sayakdn)
seep away, ezhaust itself; to speed to sink into the ground or mud
along, glide along, ran along, crawl or

creep (along) ; to glide, slip (ju between)

a »> tnk pl. j-U-l asyäfy spit, skewer; foil,

to walk fast, hurry; with foll. imperf.: rapier; iron prong or bolt

to begin at once to do s.th.

i~*, IjU-' see *Jj-*

uiUJl inaiyäbi, Jdlt jLJl ins. S-SaU

stream-lined
Ijlx-* «dära pl. -Öt (see Jjl-u) an Iraqi head-
gear, commonly of blaok velvet; overseas
i_JL- «&"ib forlorn, lost, (a)stray; free,
cap
loose, lax, unreatrained

(s*) jL- aära i (jj- mir, »jjj^ aairüra,

t^r-i- siblriyä Siberia
s~* masir, Ijw mtuira, jUJ ttuyär)

*£-• II to fence in, hedge in, Burround with to move (on), eet out, strike out, Btart,

a hedge (* s.th.) V paas. of II get going; to move along; to march;

to travel, journey; to ride (in a vehicle);
A~* siyäj pl. -ät, <r^*' anoija, ^L-l
to go, go away, leave, depart; to run,
asyäj hedge; fencing, fence; enclosure;
operate (j — ju between — and, of a
(flg.) bulwark, ehield (of a country, of
train); to flow (eleotrio ourrent); to run,
a nation)
be in Operation, funotion, work, go

•VU look up alphabetically (machine); to progress (e.g., work); to

make (Jl for s.th.), be headed (Jl for
jl*~- aigär cigar (eg.) s.th.), approaoh (Jl B.th.), be directed,
be oriented (Jl toward s.th.); to oirou-
•jl»*r< eigära pl. -ät, ,/U— aagüyir*, y'U*-
late, make the rounds, be or become
sagä*ir* oigarette (eg.)
ourrent (proverb); to follow, maintain

(^--) ^L- eäha t (oaify, i>L»~* oayahän) to (Ijw oairan a behavior, J* s.th.); to

flow, ran (water); to melt, thaw, dis- behave, conduct o.s.; to prooeed, aot
solve, become liquid (snow, metal); — <J» or ,#üjx bi-mvqtaföt
acoording to) |

(aaik t 4*-U* siyüha) to travel, journey; 4i jU to lead s.o., lead b.o. away;
to rove, roam about II to make flow, «Ijj jU to follow, pursue s.o.; jU
cause to flow (* a river, etc.); to melt, LUSj C-*- (jVatan toa-iahäban) to walk
disBolve, liquefy, Bmelt, fuse (* metal, up and down, go back and forth; j jU
and the like); to melt, clarify (* butter) o-«*=M Jrf- (*• it-tahaaeun) to be on the
IT to make flow, cause to flow (* B.th.) road to recovery; IfS jL- Jfl ilai-'l

VII to Bpread, pour forth (kifta) the course he followed; i—*- 1>* jU
 447

(siratan hasanatan) to behave well; jU itinerant, roving, roaming about; cirou-

V-^ J* {qadamaihi) not to be dead lating; planet |

SjL- J** {£«£«/) <>r

and forgotten, be still much alive, be a JjL- ojlj*. daily newspapers, daüiea
tangible reality II to set in motion,
«jlr- sayyära pl. -ät automobile, car
drive (a s.th.); to make (* s.th., e.g.,
|

»j*-Vl «jU- a. al-ujra taxi cab; *pj.u »jL-

an automobile) go; to Start, start up,
(mvdarra'a) armored aar; IjjjJ •j'—- {daw
let run (a a machine); to go in (a for a
riya) patrol car; <J»l»-Vl »jl~- «. al-is'äf
task), run, carry on, ply, practice (*
ambulance; Ä*J*** SjL- (mu$ajfaha) ar-
a trade); to drive (a a car), pilot, steer
mored car; JiJI »jL- s, an-naql truck,
(a s.th.); to send, dispatch, send out
lorry; »jl—Jl jJL- (automobile) driver,
(a, * s.o., s.th.); to circulate, put in cir-
Chauffeur
culation (a s.th.); to stripe (a a garment,
etc.) III to keep up, go along (» with jl—* masär pl. -ät path (of rays,
s.o.); to walk at s.o. 's (») side; to pursue etc.)

(a s.th.); to show o.s. willing to please

j^a masir travel, journey, tour;
(• s.o.), comply (• with s.o. 's wish); to
march {mtl.); departure; distanoe
be in agreement, be consistent (* with
s.th.); to be familiär, intimate, be hand »_r~* masira travel, journey, tour; de-

in glove, get along with s.o.) to parture; diatance

(» ;

adapt o.s. (* to oiroumstances, events, ji-j taayir dispatoh, sending out

etc.) IV to set in motion, drive (a s.th.); propulsion, drive (techn.) (jUJi _^*-Ä)l
j

to send, dispatch (a, » s.o., s.th.)

propulsion
(najfä$i) jet

j^> sair trip, tour, travel, journey, »j-L-. muaäyara adaptation, adjust-
walk, errand, march, procession; move-
ment, motion; departure; course, prog-
ress (of an undertaking) ; procedure,
yU sä'ir going, Walking, running;

practioe, cönduct, behavior (way of walker, wayfarer, wanderer ; generally

;

life; observance, pursuance (J* of s.th.) | known, current (proverb); see also j~> j

»j-*l— <*A*- (kadama) transient laborers,

4_ji-J!j _^ j-*- (hiun as-s.) blameless
II

seasonal laborers (eg.)

life; <Jj* »Ijj _^-JI j (garatfihi) in pur-
suance of bis intention _n— musayyar direoted, controlled

auyür {leather) belt; by); guided, remote-controlled; not

jy sair pl. jj~* (<_>

girth ; drive belt, transmission belt endowed with free will (phüos., as opposed
f

ii_^r. (mutaharrik) conveyor belt, to j\im* mukayyar)

s~*
assembly line
(^Ijrj-- siräs (syr.) glue made of the yellow
Ijy saira gait; course powder of a pulverized root, used esp.

• j^* sira pl. y siyar conduct, com- for pasting leather

portment, demeanor, behavior, way of

*j\j^ straf im seraphim
life; attitude, position, reaction, way
of acting ; (in sg. or pl.) biography, r s~* siraj sesame oil

history; pl. campaigns; Ijj-Jl the biog-

iSj-* (Fr. eirque) sirk circus
raphy of Mohammed
jl~« sayyär traveling fraquently, al- üL-j-- saisabän sesban (an indigenous Egyp-
ways on the move, continually moving; tian shrub whose leaves have a purga-
 ; -

U8

tive effeot, Sesbania aegyptiaca Pers.; J-- sail pl. <Sj~* suytil flood, inunda-
bot.) tion; torrent, torrential stream | J--
l»lj* ('uröm) huge masa, flood, stream;
^-i- *m pl. öl—;- 4feij/£t, ,^-L- *xyd*l
<-*jJl Jr-Jl A^ (ruJw) the matter has
(«#.) pony; young rat
reached its climax, has oome to a head

Ja-r sat/ara to command, dominate, con- iL- saila stream

trol (Jp s.th.); to be master or lord (Jp
*}j~* mtySla liquid state, liquidity,
over s.th.), reign, gain power (J* over
flow(ing)
B.th.); to seize (J* s.th.), take hold (Jp
of B.th.) II tasaifara = ^U-- JL- sayyäl Streaming, pouring, tor-

rential; fluid, liquid; a liquid; stream;

•jU~« eaifara ruie, dominion, domi-
a fluid Jl—- J* (qalam) facile pen, fluent
nation, command, supremacy, power, |

Btyle
authority (J* over); decisive influenae
(J* on); control (J* over) 3JL- sayyäla rivulet; pooket

jL~** »Mwoiftr ruler, Borereign, over- ü^L- aayalän flowing, flow; running;
lord deliquescence, liquefaotion ; gonorrhea
(med.); see also below
(_j-. «at/ pl. <J>—* suyüf, <_i L--I <u yä/,
(Ju-I asyw/ s word; sabre, foil, rapier | J-— masil pl. JjU- maaäyiP river

r^t-Vl s. ai-isläm title of princes bed, rivulet

of the royal house of Yemen
JJU saü fluid, liquid; (pl.
Jj'_j-*
*»-

•Ju* *»/ pl. <J»l~-l aayäf shore, coast wJ'i/1 ) a liquid, a fluid | O JSjj-Jl
^
'am aas. hydraulics
<J»L- sayyäf executioner

«JJU «Ttiiyo fluidity, liquid state of

ÜjI_. musäyafa fencing (with sabre
aggregation (phys.)
or foil)

ü^L-- oaya&n' Ceylon

3
*jK—• sigära pl. j-'K-. sagä'ir* cigarette
ütA-- Alan garnet (precious stone)

(*y-) l ~- «tma (pasa.) and VII to be oonsecrated,

üIjSw- «u'&urän, aatitarän henbane (Hyoscy- be ordained (Chr.)

amus niger; bot.)

'L-1/j uw-fcl siyyamä see i$j-

«Ijjj£—. (It. sicurtd) aikurtäh insuranoe a B

J
»|<-. *imfl* see next entry
(SLJ-l) Ji>i #ÜjjC-- (hayäh) fire (life)

insuranoe *
(J
*-- «mö (Ij- rirnd), »Ij- simä* 1 , *—-—
«tma pl. *- «yam mark, sign, charac-
»-^JjSl-' sifcolöix, saifcolöji peychologio(al)
<J teristic; mien, expression
1
J^-* *^* (***'» ^^r - *»yoJän) to
(Jr") *
U-- simiyä, »L*-* aimtyö'" natural magio
flow, Btream; to be or become liquid; to
melt J* *jUI
|
JU (Ju*5&uAü) bis mouth ^ sin name of the letter ^
watered for ... II to make flow, cause to
UAIIt al-a&"a (M-mniya S rays
Vfl ,J1
Btream, liquefy, melt, dissolre (* B.th.)

IV = II b- nn£ and »Lx* «nä' 1 Sinai

 449 jU

^*- (Fr. cinima) cinema, motion-pio- motion-picture actor, film atar | ZAjj
ture theater |
UuJl jja dür as-s. V^i" motion picture, film, movie
motionpioture theatera, movies ; Liw
öl^Lw-. (Fr. cinimaiogra'pht) tünimatuQ'
(c~»L») «uLr ailent film; (jUU) L^>
# rdf cinematograph
Ui»L» or (c-j L») o'U Liw aound film,

talkie ^j$iJL±x~ (Fr. cinimascope) sfnimasküb Cin-

emascope
^L^ju« «inem£'t cinematographio, cine-
matic, cinema-, movie- (in Compounds); ,_j-^x- (Gr. ovvoöoq) nnödos Bynod

^i abbreviation of fjLi idri' street (St.) perceive an evil omen (t-> in), regard as
an evil portent (v a.th.); to foretell
.U id* (coli.; n. un. IU &A) pl. .I^i ItuxZA,
calamity {*_> from)
•Li JtydA aheep; ewe
^Lill oi-la'm, aJ-&Em the northern re-
V^.P JFu'früÄ pl. »--±jti kiäinb* downpour,
gion, the North; Syria; Damaacns j LU
shower
Üj j (yamanan) northward and aouthward

jjU &di> tent; storehouae, warehouse, t/Li idmi Syrian; pl. -fln, >l_^
(

magazine iuuxSm) a Syrian

jljjjLi Sädarwän fountain; a small water- J\j. Sa'ämi Syrian (adj. and n.)
driven gadget adorned with belle, and
C_p
iu'm calamity, bad luck, mia-
the like, resembling a mobile
fortune; evil omen, portent | LJ-Jl V-c V
(T-ijjLi Särübim cherubim Up (tomJa\ duni/<5) (don't fill the world
with evil omen!) approz.: talk of the
,^-U Säsi ohaasis
devil and he will appear t

Uli ia'/o root «öli J«*U-I ista'pala $a'*

i/p himd inauspicioua,
|
l»Ul oJ'am*, f.
fatahü to extirpate, root out, eradicate
ill-omened, ominous, portentous, sinister;
a.bh., remove s.th. drastically
calamitous, disastroua ; unfortunate, fatal,

(^jijTU JfälriUI and J^Sli fofcfli pl. jS\J£ accuraed

i

SatoäktP hammer |
^^TU y) hammer- l*jUJ taSaum pessimism
head (shark)
f4j-
ma&üm and maSüm pl.
(JU JöJ pl. j-^Li fiidn shawl «jli>maüTlm* inauapicioua, ill-omened,
ominoua, sinister; unfortunate, unluoky
<JU (Ft. eÄaZei*) MJ& pl. -dt hunting oabin, |

^j}^ jap {'adad) unlucky number

Bhooting lodge; beach cabin, cabana
* LLÜ mutaSä'im pessimiat
>U VI to perceive an evil omen (^ or *_> in),

regard as an evil portent (,y or *-> a.th.); uU Sa'n pl. üjji- Suün matter, affair, con-
to foretell calamity (j* or t_j from) ; to be cern, buaineaa; circumstances, State of
superstitioua ; to be peaaimistic X to affaira, oase; natura, character, quality,
 ; ;;

jb 460

kind; Situation, condition, etat«; signif- Sa'nirt) what business of yours is this?

icance; importance, consequence; Stand- what's that to you? iUi j oU <J he has
ing, prestige, rank cranial suture ;
; pl. OjJ-i s.th. to do witb this, he haa a hand in
tears; ja' na like, as | jLi} bi-Sani regard- this; iiUi J *J ült V (Sana) he hasn't
ing, witb regard or respect to, relating anything to do witb this, be has no part
to, pertaining to, ooncerning, as to, in this; iUi j jti J ,^-J I shall have
about; «oll
J*-
(jaUa) the Sublime (of nothing to do with that, that is none of
God); Ä-tl^-Vl üjjlti ijjj Ministry of So- my business, I shan't meddle in that;
cial AfFairs ; S-j-jU-' I
üjJJÜl {kärijiya) foreign *j J uU V (Sa'na) I haven't anything to do
affairs; jLtll jj, f. uUJl oli the responsible with it, it's none of my buBiness ; jU <** J
man, the man in cbarge, tbe man directly j*X (äkar) I still have a bone to pick
f
conoerned with tbe matter; jliJI _jjjl ulü with him ; <>U ,_ r«*J t_-> i (K-6a (K Ax'niA»)
J-Jf. and üuil jji iaum i-i. the influen- he attended to a task be went to do ; s.th.

tial people, tbe competent people; thoee *jU Jl Ji^l (inparafa) he left to do his

concemed with the matter; «Li-I jjj-i work; I4JU j* c-*-L«l (ajjJaAaf) she
S. al-hayöh worldly affairs; üLill j-L*- of made herseif up ; <>U J«*
I ahmala
great importance; üU /* ßignificant, Ha'nahü he neglected him; *jti iiUi that
important ; ölill »J; high-ranking is his habit; Le*l,a <>ti So* he is alwaya
(formerly, Tun.) title of membersofthe that way; j <iU (Ja'nöfcü) as he used to
Bey's family; jUJI i^*-L# tbe one con- do in . . .; . . .
^> *• <iU (Äa'noAü) as he
cemed; ÜUJI ^L**l those concemed; the used to deal witb people wbo . . . ; jtT

important, influen tial people; O <-Jil£* *jb jj it was his wont, he used to . . .

0j_J-iJLj (muJfcaWa/) charge d'affairea (dipl.); jl ölt ,y it is in his (its) nature that . . .,

. . . Jl üli tiJJj j 4>li (Ja'nuAü . . . üa'nu he (it) tends to it is his business to . . . ; . .

.

I- . . .) in this matter he fares just as jl <jL± ja ^^J it is not his affair or business

the . . ., he is, in this respect, in tbe to . . . ; it is inappropriate for him to . . .

same Situation as the . . .; <jU IJU it does not tend to . . ., is not conducive
J*-j
(Sa'nuhü) aman whose Situation is thifl, to . . .; UU J»-jJt IA#J ül (rajuli) there is

a man wbo can be described as a .

a man to keep an eye on, this is an
. .,

important man; there is s.th. about this

man in this Situation; liilli Sa'naka or
ania wa-Sa'naka please your-
man ! üj_J-J <iU- j 41 (fyalqihi) God has
dlülif »l-»l
created all kinds of things (meaning:
self! do as you like! Xi_J l*j liii'Li (Sa'naka)
stränge things can happen in this
do as you please! just as you wish! Jo world!)
jLij (da'n») let me alone! <uUj <£" tora-
JraAä wa-fa'nahü to let s.o. alone ; to let j^Uill (Fr. chantage) Santäl blackmail
s.o. go; not to pay any attention to s.o.;

uli j jh he is concemed with a matter •U Sah shah; king (chess) |

i»ji» «Li (ballüf)

<jU to* that's bis affair; iluti l* what's chestnut tree (60t.); ol< «U checkmate
the matter with you T wbat do you want T (chess)

li»j liiili U what have you got to do jl»Li Sähänl the shah's, pertaining to
with this ? wbat business of yours is this ?
the shah; imperial | *-J^^i * J L>' decree
j-Vjj *iU l* (amra) what has he got to do of tbe Sultan (in Ottoman times)
with the matter? iiUi j Jti L* what have
I got to do with thatT wbat business of ^»li ASÄIrt pl. j>*]^1 JatmAin 1 shahin, an
mine is tbatt lö» j aU üU ^1 (ayyu Indian falcon (zwl.)
 ; -
;

451

(jU) li Ja*d u (jU ATu>) to overtake in L-i Sabba (= Sabba) young woman, girl

running, outraoe (» s.o.)

*J> Sabba alum
jli &*w highest point, sumrnit, peak;
._->-i Jotai fully grown (ateer)
goal, objeot |
jtijl 4_*j far-aiming, far-
aspiring; veuy ambitious; j yti iL ^ Li laidfc youth, youthfulness ; youths,
young men, adolescents, juveniles | JjJjf
(sa'unAu) to get as far in s.th. aa s.o.
L^Lill rejuvenation
eise, match s.o. in s.th.; i.Uu IjU iL

jj\ j (rvqiy) to undergo tremendous jLi Sabdbi youthful, juvenile

progresa; Xj»Jl jlill iL to oarry off the
Vj—i Subüb outbreak (of a war)
prize, hit the bull's eye
<iLi io&M&a reed flute
*y jU Säwurma, Säwirma (alsoiy^) charooal-
^_;-* Sablba youth, youthfulness; 4~u-Üi
broiled mutton, out in thin slioes and ar-
the youth (coli.)
ranged oonioally on a vertioal akewer
VU AXW» pl. oU Svbbän, ^Li »aM6
Loi Sababa youthful, juvenile, young;
^jli SävmS (tun.) pl. ^ilj-i SutotoäS sergeant;
youth, young man
offlce boy, handy man; doorman, gate-
ili 3ö66a pl. -ät t ^^j-i ÄIt«366 , , <_-JLi
keeper
Sabä'ib* young woman, girl
^ijli- SdwiS a military rank, approx.: Btaff
*-j>J~ maSbüb lighted, kindled, ignited,
sergeant (Eg.) |
jyjLt J-Sj a military
fiaming, burning; beautiful
rank, approx.: sergeant (Eg.)

Ci;* Afrttt dill (Änethum graveolens; &o(.)

^Li Säy tea
1
i-ti iobito
k a (Sabat) and V to oling, cleave,
_*! Sabba % (^iJ- Sabäb, i^-i iaiiba) to
hold fast, hang on, attaoh o.a., adhere
beoome a youth or young man, to
adolesoe, grow up; — tu (vLi Sibäb,
( v to)

£o&a£ pl. jLii-i Jibtdn spider

vir* Sabib) to raise the forelegs as if t^„v-

about to jump; to rear; to prance (horse) J-i_U toJatoui tenacity; attachment,

— (v^r* tvbüb) to burn, blaze (fire); to
i
adherenoe, fidelity; stubbomness, obsti-
break out (fire, war); u (Sabb, Subüb) — nacy
to light, kindle («fire) |
i-^l ülj*J ti+-
J^ll» mutaSabbü tenacious; attached,
(nlrän al-harb) war broke out; j* <_-~
adherent; stubborn, obstinate
JjUI (/auf) to be over the initial atagee,

with neg. : to be still in its infancy II to f u,; - jftitt dill (Anethum graveolens; 6of.)

rhapsodize about a beloved vornan (lf)

*_i £a6ah, Aiifc pl. j-j-i Ju6üA, j-Lil aibdA
and one's relationship to her, oelebrate
her in verse; to flirt (lf with a woman) blurred , indiatinot shape ; apparition

V to rhapsodize about a beloved woman phantom; ghost, speoter, spirit; night

( and one's relationship to her, celebrate mare; figure, person

Lf )
her in verse; to oompose love sonnets; to
JJ> Sahara u * (Sabr) to measure (* s.th.)
1

take fire, blaze up with the span of the hand II do.; to

»_*i Sabb (= «-»Li Sdbb) youth, young gesticulate, make gestures, to gesture

man j£ Sibr pl. jLil aSbär span of the hand |

<_~1 Sabb alom \jjtj \jJ> (fa-Stbran) inch by inch; jJ>

 452
sr

*-t Sab" sufficienoy, satiety, satiation,

f-lj-b Uljjj jwj Ijw (goftu&iAä) to Im- Saturation, repletion, fullneea

itate s.o. or s.th. religiously; to follow
*-t Sib\ Sita* s.th. that fllls or satis-
B.th. literally
fies the appetite, All

^jt-i iabbür pl. -dt, jul~* ioMtor1 trumpet *-t iaba Saturation {ehem.)

"yj-- J-i&früra and yjiU M&flro (ejj.) fog, mist **-! htb'a a fill

J>i ia/maj'a to tear to pieces, to shred (* üU-i iah"an*, f. «

r; 4a6*d, pl. jfrU-'
(J

s.th.) ioWd, ^Li JMT sated, satisfied, lull;

rioh
l*>i Sabraqa pocket money
f-Lil tfW satiation, Saturation, reple-
^ijj JiWü pl. ^iLi ia&dfift« süpper tion, Alling; satisfaotion, gratifioation

*iui Jofrofa to cling, cleave, hold on (j to) gl* muSabba*, muSba1 satiated, sat-

urated (•_> with) ; replete, filled («_» with),

»iLt JuMf<«> February (Syr., Jr., Leb.,
Jord.)
füll ( v of) *\>J&\i $1* {kahratä)
|

electrically charged
•l^i Jototy (syr.) large fish found in the
1
Euphrates and Tigrir rivers jri fabiqa a {Sabaq) to be lewd, leoherous,
lustful
u Jo&t'a a (iaA' t flfta
f
) to satiefy one's
J-i £0609 lewdness, lechery, lioentious-
appetite (j* or * with s.th.), eat one's
ness, last
fill (,>. or * of B.th.); to be or beoome
sated, eatisfied in one's appetite; to be J_i £a£»g lewd, leoherous, lustful,

füll (j* or * of); to be or beoome fed up, licentious

surfeited (j* with), be or beoome aiok

jt-i jufrug ohibouk
and tired (,> of). have enough (j* of)

II to eate, satiate, £11 1

(«_» *, » s.o., s.th. 4 iLi kkbaka % (Sabh) to interjoin, intertwine,
with); to satisfy, gratify (* the appetite, interlaoe, interweave, entangle (* s.th.);
one's deaires, the aensee); to load, to fasten, tighten, attaoh (* s.th., <_»

Charge (* s.th., «_» with eleotricity) IT to or J to) II to interjoin, intertwine, inter-

säte, satiate, fill (<_» • s.o. with); to laoe, interweave, entangle, complicata
satisfy» gratify (* the appetite, the (ju or * s.th.): to orochet V to be inter-
senses); to saturate (* s.th., e.g., with joined, intertwined, interlaced, inter-
a dye); to load, oharge (* s.th., <_> with woven, entangled; to be or beoome
eleotrioity) ; to go in (* for s.th.) thor- oomplioated, involved, intrioate, con-
oughly; {gram.) to lengthen (* a vowel) fused VI to be intertwined, interlaced,
by writing it plene; pass. uibi'a to be interwoven, entangled; to be inter-
replete, füll (v with, of) | <j fS&l ^i\ meehed, be interwoven like a net VIII to
(kaläma) to speak in great detail, at be or beoome interjoined, interlaced,
great length about s.th., deaoribe or interwoven, net-like, retioulate; to be
ezplain s.th. elaborately ; \j^ **J.\ intertwined (branohes), be interlooked
(farban) to give s.o. a sound beating (hands) ; to be or beoome entangled,
V to be sated, saturated (<-> with) ; to be snarled ; to get entangled, involved,
fllled (v with), be füll ( v of); to be load- ensnared, embroüed, implioated, mixed
ed or charged («_» with, d.) up ( J in) ; to come to blows or to grips
 ;

453

(^ or ** with s.o.); to be or become J-i IV to take care (J* of s.o.), look (J»
complicated, involved, intricate, con- after s.o.), take s.o.
(J*) in hand
fused (matter); to join, unite, oombine, JLil o£IkK lion oub
J-i £*W pl.
coalesce, merge, fuse (*-> with); to meet
(eyes, glances) |
i^-u- j dLUl to be drawn ,>„! JaMn, &6in pl. ^Li Ja&äytn 1 godfather,

into a conversation, become engrossed in Sponsor (CAr.); best man, groomsman

(CAr.)
a discussion; ^j»- J diX^ (harb) to
become involved in a war i-*-i Sablna, Sibina pl. -dt godmother,
i5Li Sabaka pl. iLi Sabah, iJLi Sponsor (Chr.); bridesmaid (Chr.)

A6ä&, ^Sjr1 tobütät net; netting, net- ji-ll iSbin pl. Oolil a&S6in 8 god-
work; anare; — (pl. £3L-i JiWJfc) O grid father, Sponsor {Chr.); best man, grooms-
(raiio) { 4&U iSLi barbed-wire entangle- man (Chr.)
ment, concertina ; ^UV *5Li (lä-silkiya) ii-*-2l ü&tna godmother, Sponsor (CAr.);
radio network
bridesmaid (CAr.)
jLi fa&aifct reticulate, reticular, netted,

net-like; retinal; of framework a-Z II to make equal or similar (u 01 * a s.th.

to B.tb. eise); to compare (^ * s.th.
*-£~i SabaJdya retina (anat.)
with), liken {<-j a s.th. to); pass. htbbiha
iJLi £u£6äfc pl. dl^Li Ja&S&ifc* netting, to be doubtful, dubious, uncertain,
network; plaitwork; grid, grill; window; obscure resemble
(J* to s.o.) III to
wioket (poat office, box offlce, eto.) |
iJLi {*, • s.o., s.th.), bear a resemblance, be
(j^JI i. ah'ari show window, Bhowcaee, similar (*, • to s.o., to s.th.), be like
glass case s.o. or s.th. (*, •), look (exactly) like

ma$3bi& hook; s.o. ( ) «illi 43 Li Ly and the like

iLi. wiüöai pl. <iLl£« |

bobby pin iLi* IV to resemble (*, • s.o., s.th.), bear a

clasp.pin; hairpin, |
Jj^ll
resemblance, be similar (», • to s.o.,
m. <zZ-u>ara<7 paper olip
to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (*, •); to
^LL±J ta&äbuk oonfusion, intricacy,
look (exactly) like s.o. (•) | dJli <J.\ Lj
obscurity, abstruseness
and the like V to compare o.s. (•- with);
iJLlil iStibäk entanglement, involve- to imitate, copy (•_ s.o., s.th.) VI to
ment (jin); complication hand-to-hand ; resemble one another, be Bimilar to one
fight, Bcuffie, melee (** with), clash (^ another; to be equal to one another,
f
with) |
Jliill j fJLliVI (-** ( adam aZ-tft.) be identical; to be ambiguous, unclear
nonintervention in battle VIII to resemble one another, be similar to
one another; to be in doubt (J about),
tii-L. muiabbak plaited, resembling
doubt (j s.th.); to suspect (#^.1 j or
plaitwork ; (pl. - dt) window (or door)
adomed with plaited latticework
j s.o., s.th.); to be doubtful, dubious,
obscure (J» to s.o.) ^V' J *^M the j

muitabih entangled, involved, matter appeared doubtful to tum

complicated, intricate
<J. iibh pl. «Lll aSbäh resemblance,
tiLll« mn&tabak plaitwork; thicket (of similarity , likeness ; image, picture
branches) analogue; similar, (a)like; -like, quasi-,
semi- (with foll. genit.) v.J*- <^ Sibhu
'.iL- hibuk chibouk |

jaziratin peninsula; J_^- <J> S. harbi

*<iLj^ look up alphabetically semi-military; Ji^^iLl *-! i. al-munharif
 . ;

trapezoid (geom.) ; *-i S. raami scurity, ioscrutability; doubt, misgiving,

(J

semi-official, officious (dipl); JUI *~Z suspicion

i. az-zitt penumbra; Vjl» *-i subcontinent; r j 1

* - maibuh suspicious, suspect
j**ll 4_1 i. al-mu'ayyan rhomboid {geom.); dubious, doubtful; notorious; a suspeot
4* Uli atöäAuAü the likes of bim, hiß kind;
*ALa muiäbih similar
T ( r *j and the likes of them, and their sort
tämma) olflii. mutaääbihät obscure, not clear-
(of people) ; *-\J i)> 4-5 j ('uzlotin

all but completely isolated, as good as ly intelligible passages in the Koran

completely isolated «_i aSI* (mu&tabah) or *j»\ j <li*
(amrt'M) suBpicious, suspect; a suspect;
4~i &j&aA pl. «Li' <wf&öA resemblance,

similarity, likeness ; image, picture;

<^i 4_i <1L* suspeoted of s.th. | 4*u* j <£2~*
(panihi) of doubtful make
analogue; similar, (a)like; brasa

Li faban tip, point »Li j- Ji {faUa) to

i^-i Subha pl. *^U-i htbhät, Subahät, |

Subuhät obscurity, vagueneas, uncer- weaken s.o.

tainty; doubt; suspicion; specious ar- «Li Sabdh pl. üj^i iabawät tip, point;

gument, Bophism; judicial error (Isl. sting, priok

Law) |
0L4-IH jji dawü i-Subuhät or
C-i &»tta i (fatt, oLi sofft, cJLi ialit)
0L4-IJI <-»l**l dubious penionB, people of
to be soattered, be dispersed, be dis-
rcpute; <l~^ suspicious, suspect
ill <#_ill
solved; — iatta i to scatter, disperse,

jlf-5 iabahän brasa break up (-* a crowd, etc., * s.th.) |

-aIt 1
•iJ- (SamJahum) to disperse or
4_i-i Ja6iA pl. »Li iibäh similar (»-j to),
break up the gathering of people, dis-
like, resembling (^ s.o., s.th .) | Ji^Hj #_*i
solve their unity II to disperse, scatter,
(munfcart/) trapezoid (peom.); ,yjllj «^
break up (,* a crowd, eto., * s.th.) |
C-Ii
(rosmi) semi-offlcial, offloious (dipl); v-i
(mu'oyyan) rhomboid (peom.) ^p (AamioAum) = ^J- c_S IV = II
0**11;
V to be soattered, be dispersed, be dis-
4_il aJ6oA J more similar, more resem- solved, scatter, disperse, break up
bling, raore like | ^ 4-1 ' _>* ne resembles . .

C-i SaU pl. oLit ajftöl dispersed, sep-

more than anything eise, he is just like. ..
arate^), scattered, dissolved; pl. oUil
4jLL- maSäbih* similaritics, related traits manifold, variegated, diverse; soattered
fragments, single pieces, seotions (j* of)
4_j-U to&»A comparison ; allegory,

simile, parable ; ascription of human wLi SaUU dispersed, separate(d),

characteristicB to God, anthropomorphi- scattered, dissolved

zation (of God, tkeol.) cJU dispersed,

Satit pl. Ji Jottd"

muiäbaha pl. -ät resemblanoe, separate(d), soattered, dissolved; pl.

<f.Ll-

ßimilarity, likeness Ji diverse, sundry, various, different,

manifold, miscellaneous, all kinds of |

<JJ taiabbuh imitation (^ of)

LfL Ji what a difference between
*j\lS taiäbuh resemblance, similarity, the two of them how different they are
! 1

likeness ; vagueneas, haziness, indistinct- jLi Sattäna: L4I0 jLi, L+iu U jLS,
ness, obscurity
j — jo jUi what a difference be-
•Lül ütibäh resemblanoe, similarity, tween . . . and ... I how different they

likeness; dubiouBneas, doubtfulness, ob- are!

 *

455

ü-,7 --" taStit dispersion, acattering, Ji Satta pl. of cJJ- Saiit (see cJ-)

dissolution; disruption, Splitting, splin-

~i, Sajja u i (Sajj) to break, split, cleave,
tering
fracture, bash in (a s.th., esp. the skull)
1 to cut tear off, rip off (*
Jj- Satara i off,
'<£ Sajja pl. r^ fydj he&d wound
s.th.); to tear (up) (* B.th.)
which Iays open the skull; skull fracture

a
olJw Siträt citrate, aalt of oitrio acid
Sajaba u (Sajb) and II to doom to
l^j?
destruction, to ruin, destroy (» s.o.); to
Jii Satala i to plant, transplant (* a plant)
condemn morally, criticize sharply (

Uli Saila pl. J>ii Suiiil, JJLlS Satä'iP

s.th.) IV to äfftet, grieve {» s.o.)
seedling, set, transplant
Lof" Sajb destruction, routing, crushing
Jil* moÄoi pl. JJll* moliStiP (plant)
<-*& Sajab sorrow, grief, worry; dis-
nuraery, arboretum
tress, affüction

.Li Satama i u (Autor) and III to abuse,

u^lf Sijäb
1

pl. l^j? Sujub clothes hook

revile, vilify, scold (• s.o.) VI to vüify
(attached to the wall)
one another, abuse one another, heap
curses upon one another >-*»* miSjab pl. ^»- Li* maSäjib*
clothes hook, clothee raok
11 Satm abuse, vilification

(.lii Sattäm one who indulges in fre-

jje Sajara u {Sajr) to happen, oeeur; to
break out, develop (unrest) III to quarrel,
quent abuse or vilification; impudent,
argue, dispute (« or • with s.o.) VI to
insolent, impertinent, abueive
quarrel, fight, dispute (with one another);
-ii Satim abused, reviled, vilified,,
to quarrel, argue, fight (« with) VIII do.
insulted
öj*»ill <Jtjjl~\ al-hurüf aS-Sajriya the
4+JJ. Sattma pl. fbi Sota* im 9 abuse,
sounds /, S, d (phon.)
vilification, vituperation, insult
jje: Sajar (coli.; n. un. !) pl. jL^I
Icli» muSätama vilification, vituper-
aSjär trees; shrubs, bushes
ation
Ijje Sajara pl. -ät tree; shrub, bush |

(jiZ) bJ Sota u (Satw) to pass the winter, ! _,. ..;) I ly? S. an-nasab genealogical tree
to winter {*-> at a place); to hibemate
_£ woody, wooded, abounding
II = I; to rain V to pass the winter, to
Sajir

in trees
winter, hibernate (^ at a place)
jj£ Sajir pl. *\j& Sujarä' 3 bad com-
•lii Sita* pl. *-Lil aStiya, JLi Sutly
panion, bad Company
winter; rains, rainy season

»jjf Sujaira pl. -ät shrub,

bush
&yj- Satwi, Satawi wintery, hibernal,
winter (adj.) jLf
1

Sijär (wooden) bar, bolt

Z±» maiian pl. oLi* maSätin winter j£\ aSjar2 , f. *[^ Sajrä** woody,
I

residence, winter quarters ; winter resort wooded, abounding in trees

oli Satin wintery, hibernal j**JS taSjir afforestation

^±+ muSattan winter residence, winter j Ijc

1
Sijär fight, quarrel ; dispute,

quarters; winter resort argument; see also above

 45«

S^-li. mu&äjara fight, quarrel; dispute, {y* and j*) Lf l

Jaj'd u (_jjf fa/w) to

argument worry, trouble, grieve, sadden, distress,

j&i- muSajjar figured with designs of

fill with anxiety (• s.o.); —^ Sajiya a
(\Jf Sajan) to be or become worried,
plante, branched (cloth)
troubled, grieved, sad, distressed, anx-
jtyLt muSjir aboundmg in trees,
ious, apprehensive II to move, touch, grip
wooded
( s.o.) IV to grieve, worry, trouble,

Sajarän shagreen (leather) sadden, fill with anxiety (• s.o.)

•üi/f"

Ji: Saju'a u {**[£ Sajä'a) to be courageous,

w Ja/m, f.
*-jf Sajiya
worried, troubled,
grieved, sad, anxioua, apprehensive
brave, valiant, bold II to encourage,
embolden, hearten (J* • b.o. to); to j^ iajw grief, worry, distress, anxiety,
favor, support, back, promote, further apprehension, Badness; fear; affectedness,
(», » s.o., s.th.) V to take heart, pluck up emotion; wailing, piain tive, moving strain
courage; to show o.a. courageous; to be (of a tune, of a song, of an instrument)
enoouraged
iSj* Sajawi worried, troubled, grieved,
Saja'a, jUtf"
1

f\J? Sujä', Hja* pl. Ä*»* distressed, sad

fufän courageous, brave, valiant, bold;

hero; fLJJI Hydra (oatron.)

U? and j£ Sajan foreign body in the
throat wbich inhibits breathing; \Jf

gf inj? pl. m. »L£ Suja'ä'*, affectedness, emotion, being moved, a

ölJt Sufän, pl. f. g\J! Sajä'V, £l£ touching, pathetic mood; also = je iajw
courageous, brave, valiant, bold,
&ij<£

audacious ^ Sajiy worried, troubled, grieved,

apprehensive,
distressed, sad; anxious,
«pUs* Sajaa courage, bravery, valor,
fearful; gripping, heart-rending, touching,
valiance, boldness, audacity
moving (vocal part, muaic)

-jf I aija'*, f. »lief Safä** courageous,

-JL. muiajiin moving, touching, grip-
brave, valiant, bold, audacious
ping, pathetic

-jf I aSja', ifja* pl. ^p-Lil oft;? 1 (prox-

imal or first) phalanx of the finger ~J Sahha (Ist. pers. perf. Sahahiu) u t (Svhh)
to be or become stingy, tight-fisted,
rri*" taSjf encouragement, heart-
avaricious, miserly, niggardly; to stint,
ening, animation J» to) ; favoring,
(
eoonomize (J*>
or »-> with or in s.th.,
furtherance, promotion, advancement
J* toward s.o.); to be oovetouB, greedy
*#>!-* muSajji' encourager; promoter, or t-> for); to become short, run
(J*>
supporter, advocate, proponent out, decrease, dwindle III to stint, be
niggardly, be sparing; to withhold (»->

jjf Sajina a to be sad, grieved,

1

distressed,
from
worried; to ooo (pigeon); Itajana « — s.o.,
J* s.th.)

(fajn, üj* &ujün) to sadden, grieve, « Suhh stinginess, avarice, niggard-

distress, worry (» s. o.) II and IT = Sajana liness; greed, oovetousness ; scarcity,

pauoity, sparsity; ebb

£*/ Sajan pl. üy% ivjün, ÖL* I aSjän
worry, anxiety, apprehenaion; sorrow, ^Jr faAlA p l. [£ Sihäfy* ~** { o^Ao.
c
grief, distress, sadness; (pl. htjün) twig, .1*1 a&hhtf; pl. f. £lr Sahtih*

brauch | oy* »i^-d-t oonversation drifta stingy, tight-fisted, niggardly, miserly,

from one topio to aoother avaricious (J* or v with, J* toward):

 457

short, scarce, meager, sparse ; greedy, J»^ Sahata a (Sahf) to be far away, distant,
covetous (J* for) ÄmJ^\ |»IV' (ayyüm)
| remote to strike ; (* a match) to Btrand, be
;

the rainlesa daya, the dry seaaon stranded, run aground (ship); to ground
on a sandbank II to Strand, be stranded,
Ä»-li. mu&Öhha: JJUl j *»-Li- V (mu«
run aground (Bhip) to ground on a Sand- ;
MA/uita) that ia incontestable ; Ä»-LL. V
jl it ia incontestable that — , indisput-
bank; to Strand (* a ship)

ably ; 4*- iL. Vj inoontestably, in- iU^ Sahfa

1

pl. -ät stripe, braid (on a

disputably uniform)

(.-^ Sahaba u a («-"j-*" JuAüÄ), Sahvba u <Ll> Sahhäfa pl. -St (syr.) match,
lucifer
(*ij£ Suhüba) and paaa. Suhibß to be or
beoome pale, wan, sallow, emaciated, «L^ Suhhaifa (syr.) matoh, lucifer
lean, haggard; to look ill, Bickly
l**-\£ Xähif far (away), distant, remote,
^ijJf fuhtib paleness, pallor, wanneae, outlying, out-of-the-way; stranded
saüownesa, emaciation
*£ Sahurna u (i>\* Sahäma) to be or become
o-^Ü Sähib pl. i~*-\jt> fawähib* pale,
fat II to grease, lubrioate (* s.th.)
wan, sallow; emaciated, lean, haggard;

dim, pale (e.g., light); dull, faded (color); ** Sahm pl. aj£ hthüm, oly^
wan (smile) Suhümät fat, suet, grease; axle grease,
lubricant; tallow, sebum; lard; pulp (of
C~£ Sahata (— XJr) to beg, ask for alms
fruit)

&\* Sahhät pl. * beggar | D Ol** Ä**f Sahma (n. un.) a pieoe of fat, eto.
,juJI S. al-'ain aty (med.)
(see **) |
üjVI *** S. al-v4»n earlobo;
^#jV* ***" S. al-ard truffle; ^Jl ~<lJ:
jj? Sahada a (Sahd) to whet, sharpen,
S. al-'ain eyeball
practica, train, strengthen (* s.th., also,

o.g., the intelleot, one'B forcee); to hone, j*£ Sahmi

i
fatty, sebaoeous, stearic

etrop (> a knife); to beg, ask for alms

*>s* Sahim pulpy, mushy, pappy
(. s.o.)
(fruit)
Sahhäd (importunate) beggar
i\Jr

,>JI il^" S. al-'ain sty (med.)

|
^ Sahlm fat, fatty

•Sl^ Sihäda beggary

O <**«-L. mtiAama pl. **-LL. moidAtm'
grease box (of a wheel)
wl* mifha4, ;Ju»i* mtiha4a whet-
-*iJLS toJAim lubrication, greasing,
stoae, hone
oüing (of a machine) | _*wiDI £jj*j lubri-

j£ II to soot, besmut, blacken with soot (* cating oils, lubricants

s.th.)
l**-ij tolaAAum fatness, obesity

jL^ Suhhär soot

**-i> muüoA/tam fat, fatty, greasy
jMbl* maihar eharcoal kün, pile
*>~L» muiTiim pulpy, mushy, pappy
iSjt-J^ maihaH oharcoal burner (fruit)

Jjj* Suhrwr pl. jjJ: Sahärlr* thruah,

jJ: Sahana a (Sahn) to fill up ( v * s.th.
blaokbird (xool.)
with); to load, freight (-» a a ship with);
j*Jl» muiahhar sooty to ahip, freight, oonsign (* gooda); to
ü»*"

load, oharge (<_> * a.th. with, ei.); to jji* Saktür, hj^ pl* jüV* Sakätir* large,

drive away, chase away, repel (• s.o.) flat-bottomed (wooden) bärge ; punt
m to hate (• s.o.); to quarrel, argue,
Sahara (jJ* Sahir) to snore; to snort;
fight {. with s.o.) IV to fill up (v * J* i

to neigh, whinny to bray (donkey)

;

s.th. with); to load, freight (._> * s.th.

with) VI to hate one another; to quarre!, jJL^" SakSaka to rattle, clatter, dank
have a feud
^JLjir (eg.) Sukfiha pl. £il* SaUHh*
j£ Sahn loading, freighting; shipment, rattle (toy) ; toy, plaything ; Skylight
freightage; cargo, lading, load, freight |

j^UI .wJji büilsat aS-S. bill of lading; u*£ Sahara a {^j* fai&fi) to rise, tower

^ »jL- sayydrat S. truck, lorry

up; to beoome high, lofty; to
(star); to appear (J to
rise,

b.o.); to stare,
asoend

<J: Sahna pl. Sahanät cargo, lading, of the eye), be fiied (Jl on,
gaze (Jl at,
load, freight; oharge (ei.)
of the glance); to be glazed (eyea of a
<.* Sihna police, police force dying person); to start out, leave,
depart (Jl to see s.o., for a place),
pb* Sahnä'* grudge, rancor, hatred,
travel, journey (Jl to s.o., to a place);
enmity
to pass ( Jl £* from one State or oondition
*^- Li* muSähana pl. -ät grudge, into another) | m^*» u ^ (baparahü) or
ranoor, hatred, enmity;
oontroversy
quarrel, feud, yu lJ ^ to fix one'a eyes, one's
glance (Jl on), look fixedly (Jl at s.o.),

j*-Li Sähin loaded, laden, freighted stare, gaze (Jl at) II to represent as
a person or individual, personify
(esp. ship) | O <fj^ ü*-^ '• al-markam (»

battery charger s.th.); to apecify (* s.th.), identify (*, •

to act, play (* a part, of the

o-U
baggage car
Sähina pl. -ät truck, lorry;
b.o., s.th.);

aotor); to perform

(maratfan) to diagnose a disease

(actor) | Li^ ^
IV to
üjm^L* maShün loaded, laden, freighted send off, send out, dispatoh (• b.o.) V to
(esp. ship); charged (eZ.); pl. CjU>»«*t* appear, be revealed, ahow o.b. (J to
oargo, lading, load, freight s.o.)

jj# Sahwara
soot (* s.th.)
to soot, beamut, blacken with ^ Sahf pl.

&ukü# individual, person; figure; ohar-

^1^1 aihäf, ^j*

aoter (of a play) ; someone, somebody

jj£ Sahwar blackbird (200I.)
*£
iS Safoi personal, private, of one'a
j\j*t Suhwär soot, smut
own; Uä** Sahfiyan personally |
Oji\i

\ 't-'fl t}\j*- s}\ or) personal Statute

iJ> Sakka u (Sohle) to nrinate, piss, make ((»Uij

water '*~*# Sahfiiya pl. -St individuality,

iJ. Sahk urine, piss personality (also = personage) ; distinctive

way of life, pecoliarity, distinctive char-

r\£ Sakäk urine, piss
acter, personal stamp; identity |
******

il*i*jL* miShaha publio lavatory <> jti*l (i'tibäriya) legal person (jitr.) ; J-i*
rrM»m^i\ identification
* of a person; oL$-i
•~& Sahaba u a (Sahb) to flow, stream, run,
4 ,«» »II jJui Sahädat t. aS-S. identity
pour forth, guah forth
card; ig-^llt j-S* Ai galam t. ai-S.

U-J* Sahbafa to scribble, serawl (in writing)

1
bureau of identification
 j;

469

JL*> Sajtfäti (oomic) actor, comedian muoh . . . ! very often . . .; very much,
ezoeedingly, vehemently, violently; LxiJ
^fM^JS taijfif personification; ezaot
jl lijjy* ütT tremendous was our joy
designation, specülcation; identifioatlon;
when . . .; »jjl xl (ozraAä) or yjl j* xS
diagnosis; aoting, perfarmanoe (on stage),
to help, support, enoourage, back np
play(ing) (of an aotor)
s.o.; »jjl xi (azruAfl) to be energetie,
Mj-£>
iS
taljflsi diagnostic | iS
mJ-^3 «—j-U vigorous, oourageous; A*J\ xi to
diagnostioian tighten the reins, master the Situation;

^^•U Säfcifi fixed, glazed (glance); *c jj* £• xi to strengthen s.o. 's deter-
mination; «.ui* xi ('adudahü) to
pole, stake {eg.)
strengthen, support, bolster, assist s.o.;
ij+i*!* muSafäpif aotor, player; rep-
oU-lj
J* xi (he saddled his female riding
resentative
oamel =) he started out on the journey;
pl. -ät aotress, JU-jJI xi to start out, depart, leave
player; personality (Jl for); 4JIjj xi (uxtiäqahü) to shackle,

ol.*»*'.» mu&a%fcitfU qualities or factors

fetter b.o.;
J* «x Xi (yadoAä) to adhere,
eling to s.th.; *jX J* xi (yaiaiAt) to
lending s.th. its distinotive charaeter,
clasp s.o.'s hands II to strengthen,
peculiarities, oharaoteristios
intensify (* s.th.), make (* s.th.) strong,

.W" ktkafa (eg.) to shout, bark, bellow hard, harsh, severe; (gram.) to intensify,
(

at s.o.) double, geminate ( * a consonant); to ezert

pressure (J* on), press (J* upon); to
JUtf Saskia (tg.) to jingla, tinkle; to clatter,
be hard, strict, stern (j J* toward s.o.
rattle v with) ; to coquet, flirt
J» upon
(
in); to impress (i-> s.o. s.th.) |

ÜJ'^ &$RZa (ep.) jingle, jangle, tin- «Jl» j ix- (falabihi) to demand s.th.

kling emphatically or inezorably; *ix je ^ iXi

(tuddida) he was strengthened in his
x- Sadda i (»xi l«Wa) to be or become
determination ni to argue, have an
firm, fast, solid, hard, strong, vigorous,
argument, an ezchange of words with
robust, vehement, violent, intense; — s.o.) T to be hard, harsh, strict, severe,
(•

Sadda u » (Sadd) to make firm, hard,

stern (J* toward); to be or beeome
strong, solidify, harden, braoe (* a.th.),
violent, vehement, intense, strong; to
strengthen, fortify (*, • s.o., s.th.)
show o.b. stern, harsh, hard, inezorable,
to tighten, pull taut, draw tight
be relentless, remain unmoved, unre-
(* s.th., e.g., the bow); to fasten, tie,
lenting VI to argue with one another
bind (Jl or J* * s.th. on, to), lash (J* *
s.th. on); to saddle (J* an animal); to
Till to be or beeome hard, harsh, rig-

orous, intense, forceful, severe, strong,

put emphasis (*JS* J* 'alä kalimatin on
a word), emphaaize, Btress {"<+&' J* a vehement, violent, passionate; to be-

word); to pull, drag {^. • s.o. by the come harder, harsher, more rigorous,

coat); to charge, launeh an attack (J* more intense, more forceful, severer,

against, on), assault, attack (J* s.o., stronger, more vehement, more violent,

more passionate; to
(J* s.th. or upon
s.th.); to preea intensify, increase,

s.th.), eiert pressure (J* on); to insist grow; to become aggravated, more
( j on s.th.) | L»xi Sadda-mA and xiJ critical ; to beeome tormenting, ex-
L (Ja-Au&üa) (with fall, verb) how cruciating, distressing, unbearable (J*
 460

for s.o.), take a turn for the worae (pa^o&an) more wrathful, angrier; xil

(disease, J* with s.o.); to be advanced Öj£j U extremely, exceedingly, very

(tizne of the day); to run, raoe, dash |

muoh, e.g., Uli Jl LlLJ üj£j U Ail ***-jj

*4*.U 4iil (a&iduhü) to beoome streng, (ruAuAum, ta'a#uian, 'um) they are

vigorous extremely eager for knowledge

xt Saddi JJ-I -Ü *. al-Zw« tug of Jil aJuid phyBical maturity, virility |

war #xll iL to attain füll maturity, come of

legal age; to reaoh its olimax
•xi &u&2a (n. vic.) atrengthening,

intenaification; streaB, emphaais; pulling, XL* mÜadd pl. -ät corset, stays

dragging, tugging; tightneea, tautneas; ü-Ltl taSdid intenaification, atrength-

atresa, atrain; doubling sign over a conso-
ening ; (gram.) intensified pronunciation,
nant {gram.) w*U( 3jj »Ai i. waraq
| gemination, doubling (of a conaonant);
ai-la'b deok of carda doubling sign over a oonaonant pressure ;

•il Hdda Btrength, forcefulness, power, (>on)

vehemenoe, violence, intensity, aeverity, •ili. mtiMdda exohange of words,
force, high degree; (pl- ill-Li Sadä'üP)
aquabble, argument, quarrel, fight, con-
miafortune, calamity, misory, adversity, troversy, oonfliot
distress, hardahip, affliction, diacomfort
jl-uJl i&ttdäd aggravation, intenaifi-
jUi Jiadäd pl. *-Lii o&Ma riding
cation, increase; deterioration
saddle (of a oamel)
ajJJl* maidüd tense, tight, taut
.ü-Li Jodid pl. -I-Ül aiiddä'*, al-LÄ
i-UL. muiaddid : o-UL* *-JjJ* aggra-
«td&2 atrong, powerful, forceful, vigor-
vating circumstanoea
ous, Btern, severe, rigorous, hard, harah,
violent, vehement» intenae; bad, evil, i-li* mu&Kfciwf doubled{letter;pram.);
emphatio, intenae; severe, stern
ominoua, oalamitous, (J* for
diffioult

B.o.); with foll. aubat. frequently oorre- -j**- mviaiaddid pl. -ün Btern zealot,
aponding to Engl, "very", e.g., »Ls*N JjX- I
it, proponent of a stern viewpoint
very attentive, very careful |
».bAi ,^1
aolid or flrm ground; ^-Ul .b-Li i. fxi Aidaju a (!«#) to break, shatter,
(orflf)

stonthearted, bold, smaah, oruah (* s.th.) II do.

aUba's courageouB,
audacious, brave, valiant; <«. Jk lU -bxl
jjli &J<Zir pl. jil^i louAKr* tent; storehouse,
stubbom, obstinate, unbending, unyield- warehouse, magaxine
ing, relentless; U*UI J*Jtf * aUahja

atrongly worded, vehement in language, Jipli Mda/ pl. <Ju^ htvädif (eg.) shadoof,
sharp in tone; ity\ -k-^ X. al-wafa oruel counterpoised aweep for raising irrigation
water
».ü-li iadida pl. oJUi SadSid1 mis-
fartnne, oalamity, miaery, adversity, jxt T to announoe (y s.th.) in a boastfui,
diatreaa, hardship, affliotion, disoomfort bragging, loud-mouthed manner, to vaunt

(^ B.th.); toohatter.prattle ^^CJU joll |

xil aiadd? strenger, more intenae,
{kaläm) to enunciate overoarefully, speak
everer, harder, wone | naed with foll.
affectedly; to be agape
indeterminate abatraot Bubstantivea aa
paraphraae of simple elativea» e.g-, Ja- Üdq pl. Ölxil a&Zdg oorner of the
bl^ Jt\ («au&feft) blaoker, L-ii Ail mouth; jawbone 1 «J-ii (.J-) »J* dl>
 — ;

461

fahika bi-mü'i {mil'a) üdqaihi to gria Sli SäM pl. Jlxi &tftft!tf, ilp SavOffl
from ear to ear isolated, separate(d), detactied, alone;
irregulär, abnormal, anomalous, unusual,
jxll aidaq 1
, f. »Uxi Sadqä'* having a
extraordinary, exceptional, Singular, cu-
large mouth, largemouthed
rious, queer, odd, peouliar, stränge, eo-
jxil. muta&addiq pl. -fln braggart. i]p
oentrio; nonoanoniool (Torsion); pl.
boaster, bigmouth exceptions J^U-^I JLi of deviant (= in-
|

ferior) oharacter; .^Ul ill $. af-tab'* iLl

jxi Sadana u to be weaned, be on its own
f-LUI, jJ^Wlfl iLi eoeentrio, extravagant,
feet (young animal)
orazy; jli^/l jlxi the foreigners, the
ujli l&ttn pl. Jjlp iowAiin' gazelle
strangers
fawn
O j)p
I $awä44ät peouliarities, idio-
*xi JnuiaAa a to confuse, perplex, baffle (• synerasies
s.o.)

•ji±* maidüh perplexed, appalled, vxl Satfaba i u (Ja{ß) to uut off, sever (*

s.th.) ; to trim, elip, prune, lop {* hedges,

haffled
trees); to adapt, doctor, modify (*

(
jxl) Ixl AuU u (&uZu>) to sing; to chant (* s.th.) II do.

a.th.); to acquire or have education, be-

j in a field) Ixt jÜ V to be scattered, be dispersed; to
oome or be educated ( |

seatter, disperse
LjyJI j* IjuJ to know a little Arabio, have
a smattering of Arabio SjiJ fo^ra pl. Üo^ahU, jjXi $u#ür
particle, bit, tiny piece; fragment,
jXi fadte song, chant
seotion
jLi £&Z»n pl. üj^Li Sädün educated,
jX. jXl \ßjj£ tafarraqü Safara matfara,
trained (e.g., Ulli j linguistically) |

of vocal
H&am mifiam they scattered in all di-
Äoli ÜJ Zaüa Sädiya soiree
reotions
mufiic

Sjjli idiiya songstrestt, singer jxl kufco fragrance of muak

*ilx5 Sadäyiqa subdeaoon

Ixt $a4an fragranoe, soent, aroma
jlxi Sidyäq pl.
"
(CAr.) ^xl Safily fragrant, aromatio

Ü fo&a » u (Safö, ijXX 5u4$4) to segregate, ji. Sarra (Ist pers. perf. farirtu) a, (Ist pers.
separate, isolate o.s. (je from), be sep- perf. Sarurtu) u (farr, »^ Jtirra) to be
arated, isolated (je from), be outside bad, evil, wicked, vicious, malioious,
s.th. (je), elude (je s.th.); to be alone; malignant
to be irregulär, deviate, stand out (J»
yi Sott pl. jj^i SurÜr evil, ill, misohief
or j* from), be an exception ( J* or je
calamity, disaster; iniquity, injusttoe;
to); to be wanting, laoking; to deorease,
härm, damage, injury; wiokedness, vi-
d windle
oiouBness, malioe; vioe, sin; — (pL jlj-Jl

xi hau irregularity, deviation, anom-

airdr) bad, evil, wioked, vicious, mali-
aly, exosption (^ to) ckma ; evildoer, oulprit ; kur (as elative)
ijii irregularity, deviation, anomaly, worae, more evil <ej* ji> *+«J* (Sana
|

exoeption (jp to); ouriosity, ecoentricity, tonmaltn) he brought utter defeat upon
ecoentric charaotcr them
 ;, ;

462

(ji^-i Sanum evil, vicious, malioious (o> or * a s.th. with); to inculoate,

imbue {* • s.o. witb); pass. uiriba to be

;^J Ürra evil, ill, miBchief; calamity,
or beoome füll {* of s.th.), be filled,
disaster; iniquity, in justice; härm* dam-
imbued, infused (* witb s.th.), be domi-
age, in jury ; wickedness, viciousness,
nated, permeated (* by s.th.) | i U *tji\
malice; vice, sin; vivacity enthusiasm,
^jti_ (yaSrab) to attribute s.th. wrongly
fire of youth
to s.o. V to Boak up, absorb, imbibe
jjZ Sarir pl. »I^ll aSirrä' 1 bad, evil,
{* s.th.); to be permeated, imbued,
wicked, vicious, malicious infused (*, o> with s.th.); to be füll

very bad, very very {<-> nf ), be filled, replete (l-> with)

j j$ Sirrir evil,

wicked, very vicious, very malicious

i-j-i Surb drinking, drink; absorption
Bcoundrel; j j£\ the Evil One { = Satan)
\>ji. Sarba drink; sip, draugbt.Bwallow;
jji> Sarar (coli.; n. un. ») sparkB
dose, potion (of a medicine); laxative,

jjj-1 Sarari spark (used attributively) purgative, aperient

jl^i Sarär (coli.; n. un. ») Bparks \iji. Surba drink; sip, draugbt, swal-
low dose, potion
; (of a medicine)
•jl^-l Sarära pl. -ät spark |
«jl^JJl **f
Sam'at aJ-S. spark plug ; Ij 1^1 ^Ui* kjljj Sarah pl. \ijt\ aSriba bcrerage,
miftäh aS-S. ignition key (automobile) drink; wine; fruit juice, fruit syrup,

^jl^-t Saräri spark (used attributively) sberbet |

~Lfell «-il^i &• ot-tnffäfr apple
juice; eider; JliJjJI ^j* ^ cil-burtugäl
j \ji. Sarrär sparkling, scintillating
Orangeade
emitting sparks
^l^i Sarräb drunkard, heavy drinker
i^l^-il iSra'abba to stretch one's neck in
i^-j j-i Sarib drinkable, potable
Order to see s.th. (J or Jl), orane one's
neck for (J or Jl); to carry one's bead ijl^J Sarrdba, Surröba pl. vi-»'./-
high (out of vanity); to leer (Jl at) Sarärib* tassel, tuft, bob { ^ß 'o)^ S.

ar-rä'i (European) holly (Hex aqui-

v'y' ^u ™* P^- -** stocking, sook
foüum; bot.)

ij-^ Siros glue, paste

t-Hj-S Sirrib drunkard, heavy drinker

l
>->j$ Sariba a (Stirb, Vj—* mo^raA) to drink ^s±* maSrab drink (as opposed to
(*s.th.); to Bip (a B.th.) |
<-»-
j ^-i food) ; (pl. <_jjLii maSärib*) drinking place,
(AttAfctAi) to drink s.o.'s bealtb, toast water hole, drinking trough, drinking
s.o.; üU-aJt i^i^ (dukäna) to smoke; fountain; lestaurant, bar; inclination,
*j£ i-jyi (nakbahü) to drink s.o.'s taste; movement, sebool (e.g., in philos-

health, toast s.o. II to give (* • a.o. ophy)

s.th.) to drink, make or let drink (* •
Itjl* maSraba pl. ^jli-» maiärib 1
s.o. s.th.); to drencb, soak, saturate,
drinking place, water hole, drinking
impregnate {i_> *a.th. witb); to inculcate,
trough, drinking fountain
imbue (* * s.o. with s.th.) III to drink
in s.o.'s (») Company, have a drink (• 4-j^ maSrdbxya, muSrabiya and
with s.o.) IV to give (* • s.o. s.th.) to *ijl* maSraba mouoharaby, projeeting
drink, make or let drink {* • s.o. s.th.); oriel window with a wooden lattieework
to drench, soak, saturate, impregnate enclosure ; wooden oriel attio room ;
 ;

maSrabiya a kind of drinking vessel; rase, poaition, setting forth; oommentation

pot for nowers (pl- r_Jj^ Surüh) oommentary
t—>^ taSamtb absorption, aoaking up, explanatory,
^f-s* Sarhi explioatory,
imbibing illustrative

Vj'-i Särib pl. -ün, ^^i Air*, vj^-5 Ö-^J Sarha long, thin slice, rasher
SurUb drinking; drinker; (pl. t-*jlji
8
~**jZ Sariha pl. £*l^5 SarSih 1 long,
AitwJnÄ ) mustaohe, frequently dual:
thin slice (e.g., of fruit, etc.), rasher;
girth, cinch; O (microsoope) slide
v-'j^/JU raaJrüi pl. -ät drink, beverage
*^-jj &kjj~* (rühlya) alcoholic beverages,
|

O4*v~* majfrafm operating room;

operating table; autopsy room
liquors

fcj£ taSrth diasection; anatomy;

*<ls* ^or^>a soup
autopsy, post-mortem examination | k
*iju* Sor ba (eg,), Oj^i iörabä (ayr.) soup £j.illl 'Um at-t. anatomy; O *1jU1I
fmJ£>
a *-jl^-i
t. at-muqäbala oomparative anatomy
Surräb pl. -ö< stocking, sock

iL^-S Sarbaka to (en)tangle, snarl (*. s.th.);

^ j£> tafrlhi disseoting, anatomizing,
dissective, dissectional ; anatomio(al)
to complioate (* s.th.)
rjj-til inSiräh relaxedness, relaxation;
^j^i Harbin a variety of larch (bot.) joy, delight, glee, gaiety

1 •yLi Särih pl.

-i faraj pl. ^ijJi airö; loop, ring, eyelet; »-1^-1 Swrröh explainer,
^J
buttonhole; onus expounder, Interpreter, oommentator.
expositor
ijrj* Saraji anal
r'^-1* muSarrih anatomist
"iL-C*
^°°^ U P a lphabetically
1
S Sarah* u (£jj^ SurtUp) to beoome a
rjZ Saraha a (Sarh)to cut in slices, slice, ^r
youth, grow from childhood to maturity
cut up (*. s.th.); to cut open, rip open
(* s.th.); to bare, expose, make clearly i-jJ Sark prime of youth, spring of
visible or discernible (* s.th.); to ex- life

pound (a s.th.); to explain, elucidate, 2

£j^ Sa-raka a (eg.) to crack, splinter, beoome
illustrate, make piain, set forth, describe,
cracked
depict (* s.th.); to comment (* on),
intexpret (> s. th.); to open, lay open £^-1 Sark pl. rjji. Surük (eg.) crack,

(«j.U» padrahü s.o. 's heart, J to or for the break, fisaure, fracture
acceptance of) | «>U ^J. (käfirahü) to
i^i Sarada u (jl^-J Siräd, iJyi SurQd) to bolt
gladden, delight s.o. II to cut in slices,
(horae); to run away, flee, take to flight,
slice, cut up (* s.th.); to dissect, dis-
take to one's heels, break loose, esoape;
member, anatomize (* a corpse) VII to
to roam, rove, wander, stray, go astray;
be opened (heart); to be relaxed; to be
to be distracted (thoughts) | oi j_i
glad, happy »j.l* ^^jjl (#adruhü) and
o jJ
|
(dihnuhü) to be absent-minded ;SJS\
•AI*1 r\r^^ {käfiruhü) to be or beoome
(fiferu) he became lost in thought II to
glad, happy or delighted, rejoice
frighten away, chase away, drive away
£^i iarh expoundilig, presentation, (• s.o.); to scare (• s.o.), frighten (• s.o.)

explanation, Illustration, elucidation, ex- into a panic IT to ohase away, drive

»s-

away (• b.o.) Y to roam, tramp about, 1

_^j^>
l
Sariaa a (Saras, *-\ji Sardsa) to be
lead a vagabond life vicious, malicious, miBohievous, ill-tem-

pered, unsociable, quarrelsome, petulant,

ijji. Sarüd pl. j^i Surud rwming away;
straying ; astray , deviant, aberrant,
peevish VI to be oross, quarrel (« with)

stränge, peculiar (j-yj Saras = i-I^J

ijji. Surüd roamüig, straying, wan- j*,- Aar« vicious, malicioiu, misohie-
dering j&i\ *jji
|
S. al-fikr absent-minded- vous, ill-tempered, unsociable, quarrel-
ness, distraotedness some, petulant, peeviah; wild, ferooious,
•\jj£ Sarid fugitive, expatriated, dis- fierce

placed, ezpelled ; loafer, tramp, vagrant,

u-ljZ Saris = ,
i &»rw
vagabond
i-lyJ Sardsa wickedness, malice, vi-
ij^lj taSrid expulsion, banishment,
ciousnees, meanness, baaeness, villainy;
eviction; vagrancy, Vagabundage |
iL»-
ill-temperednese, unsociableneas, queru-
_u_^Xi! hayät at-t. the unaettled life, life of
lousness, petulance, peevishness
a vagabond

AjlS taSarrud vagrancy, Vagabundage

-jy-lyj Siräs glue, paste, see ^j*, u^J**

jjli Särid pl. ijJ. Surud, Surrad, sjj£ «jj-yi AuMfl/pl. tju-l^i Sardsif rib eartilage

Satoärid* fugitive, straying, astray; in-

timidated, frightened, helpless, at a loss
a fugitive, runaway, deseiter; defector;
vagrant, tramp, vagabond
|
Jr-lr- Sarärtfi epigastric, pertaining
to the anterior walla of the abdomen
j£il! jjli L J>ji II to take root

al-fikr absent-minded, distraoted; sJjZ JljJS JMF pl. J>jji SurüS root | J^
UUl S. al-ht§a irregularities of the ,>UI i. aZ-Ja&an whey
lauguage, linguistie anomalies; Jki\ jjU
j^jj SurSür pl. ^ly- SaräSir* chaffinoh
(ol^ikJI) i, an-nazar (an-nazarät) with
(sooL)
a blank stare; gazing into the void
jjiyj &wtflr (ep.) wild duok [zool.)
IjjU Sdrida pl. jjt^i Sawdrid* pe-
culiarity, anomaly, exception ojU Cjii V jjl_ri SardSir* bouI, seif, nature (of a
|

ojlj Vj {tafütuhü) nothing escapes bim, person)

he doesn't miss a thing - &»r&/ pl. jS SarO&if* bedsheet

t

SjL> muSarrad fugitive, refugee, dis-

unkempt ±jZ Sarafa i u (Sar$) to tear (* s.th.); to
placed person ; neglected, | jy±-
make incisions (* in), Scratch, soarify (*
JUI confused, diaeonoerted
s.th.); to slit open, rip open (* s.th.); to
i^il* mutaSarrid pl. -fln homeless
impose as a condition, as an Obligation
person, tramp, vagrant, vagabond; ad*
(* J» on s.o. B.th.), make oonditional
venturer
(* J» for s.o. s.th.); to stipulate {* B.th.)

swallow the wrong way II to tear to shreda (* s.th.); to Boratoh,

J^i II taSardaqa to

to choke (to death) Boarify (* s.th.) ; to make incisions

(* in) III to fix mutual oonditions; to

+*j2, II laSardama to be jagged, indented make a oontraot, oonolude an agreement

A*>j$ Hrdima pl. pil^S Sarädim', ^ril^S to bet, wager (* with s. o.) Y to impose
iarddlm* Bmall group, gang, party, severe oonditions or terms |J> j i^-LS
troop; little band {'amaliM) to be metioulous in one's
 j

468
l*
work, do one's work painstakingly VIII to *^jj-i &»rija condition J
i^J^-i
J» on
impose as a condition, as an Obligation the condition that
(a J* on s.o. a.th.); to make conditional
iyl* maSraf program
(* J* for s.o. s.th.); to stipulate (*
a.th.); paus. uUurifa to be prerequisite, iyl* miSrat pl. JylL. maSärif* lanoet,

preconditional (J for) scalpel

J^J Aar/ pl. iyjJ Surüf incision (in Ja^yJJ toiri/ scarification, incision

the skin); long out, rip, alash, slit; con-

ilyli* mu Särafa agreement, arrange-
dition, preoondition; proviaion, proviso,
ment
clause; stipulation (of a contraot) |
jt IkjJ

(Sarian), jl ijJ J#, J*>±j on the condition J»tj^il tfftrdf pl. -ät condition, Pro-

that . . ., provided that ...; (üjX>) üjs £» vision, proviso; stipulation

iyi unoonditional; aJ jl J#^ ^ (au

jliyi Sarjana to consecrate, ordain (• s.o.,
gatftn) with no stringB attaohed; un-
CAr.) II to be ordained (Chr.)
oonditional (obedience, surrender, etc.);
jLA-'l iyl proviso of the right of with- iiL^-i Sarfana = vjkr*
drawal (from a contract, a commercial
Lijkp iarfünfyo Ordination of a
transaction, an Obligation, and the like,
priest, and any Ordination of persona by
Isl. Law)
laying on of hands (Chr.) ; simony (Copt.-
JfjJ Sarai pl- J»jj-2l aSräf sign, portent | Chr.)
«.LJI J»ljJl the portents of the Day of r

Judgraent fj$ iara'a a (Sar , fjjl Surü*) to go (

into), enter (j s.th.); to begin, Start,

^ji. iarfl conditional i^-i Ü*;
|
commence (j or -* with; with foll.
(;umia) conditional clause {gram.)
imperf. : to do s.th.) ; to point a weapon
LU^i Sarfiya contraot, agreement {*) at s.o.
(J#); to untie,
unbind, unlace

Äk^ farfa pl. J»^ htraf stroke, line;

(* s.th.); to fix (* bayoneta, J* on
hyphen; dash
rifles); — iara'a a (Sar*) to introduce,
enact (a laws), prescribe, give (* J to
«WjJ Surfa polioe, policemen |
«LySlI jlj
s.o. laws), make laws for s.o. (J)
(*) |

polioe Station; ilyiJI ^^Äj polioe report Ujyi- fji to devise a plan II to draw

^ji Surft, Surati pl. -fin policeman, a weapon (*) on s.o.

(J#); to legislate,
officer make laws IV to draw or train a weapon
(*) on s.o.
(J*) |
Jl *-L* gyil ('ainaihi)
U„j£ Sarlt pl. Ju'l^i Jartfig', «W^il
to cast one's eyes on . . ., turn one'a
airifa band, ribbon, tape; oord, string;
glance toward . . .; *J» fjZ\ (qalamakü)
leash, line; thong, strap; braid, galloon,
to draw one's pen = to prepare to
chevron, stripe; ribbon (of an order),
write VIII to introduce, enact (* laws) ; to
medal ribbon, servioe ribbon; (railway)
prescribe, give (* J to s.o. laws), make
track, line; film strip; film (also iu^J
laws (>) for s.o. (J)
(jUix-}; (magnetic) tape |
jU« -Wj-*
(mufag'g'ar) microfilm; ^LÜl J^^-- tape f-iJl aS-Sar* the Revelation, the
measure ; measuring tape ; jLLi Jii
^ canonioal law of Islam J
U/j U^J
pl. 4Jl»lj JJl^S aound film; sound track; lar'an wa-far'an with füll right, with
magnetio tape; jUl U>jl fuse; Jaj^-tJl ojj good cause, by rights; 0*-lj fr ^J S-U j >
<f tidoi a£ £ tapeworm they are alike in this
 466
ts
Aar'» lawful, legitimate, legal, ^IjUl tffinTi legislative
^fj.
rightful; Lt^i Sar'lyan lawfully, le-
lawgiver;
9j\J. Sdri' pl. -fin legislator,
gitimately, etc. ^^ill ^JJI (Jibb)
|
(pl. gj\j~ Sawäri'*) street | ^j £jli
foransio mediane; ,j-^\ »LüJI (W) (ra'itf) main Btreet, thoroughfare; fjU
Jurisdiction based on the Sharia; S*l/I
thoroughfare
l»U fdfftm) public street,
«5*^1 the religious courts
fj^rt» mafrü' legitimate, legal, lawful,
l^ji Sar'iya lawfulness, legality, le- rightful, licit; permiseible, allowed; (pl.
gitimacy, rightfulness maSärt') plan, projeot,
-<K, mJ*1*
'**ji> Jfar'a string (of a bow, of a scheine, design, enterprise, undertaking j

muaical instrument) ; thong, strap ü>U fjjl* m. gdnün bill, draft law

'<*jj±* mair&lya legitimaoy

At-jS, Sir'a law; «A^iJl the Sharia, the
revealed, or oanonical, law of Islam fjl» mutant* pl. -fin legislator, law-
giver
fLl Hrti' pl. fyi turn', «Ayil «wfri'a

sail ; tent £jJ£* mutaiarri* logislator, lawgiver;

Jurist, jurisprudent, legist
^j* Sird'i saüing-, sail- (in Com-
pounds), rigged with sails | «-»j^ cJL* fjCJU rnuitari* pl. -ün legislator,

sailsbip, sailboat; «-»[/* V^* ghder lawgiver; Jurist, jurisprudent, legist

Ul^-i Sarrä'a peep window, peep hole J>ji Sarufa u (Saraf, *»\^X Saräfa) to be
(in a door) highborn, high-bred, noble, illustriouB,

commence- eminent, distinguished, high-ranking II to

fjji. htrü* beginning, start,
ment, inception (j or lj with); plan, make noble, eminent, illustrious, ennoble,

attempt, try j for or at s.th.) gj^l elevate, exalt, raise to distinction, honor,
( |

attempted (• b.o.), confer honor or distinction (• up

(Jii) *Js* j («zrtja, jaJZ)

tbeft (murder) on s.o.); to honor (v • s.o. with); to give

(» b.o.) the honor III to vie for precedenoe

iüyi üsrTa pl. «Slj-i fartTi'* water
in honor or nobility (• with s.o.); to
hole, drinking place; approaoh to a
approach (a s.th.), come within sight
water hole; law; «m^I the Sharia, the
(a of s.th.), be within shooting distance
revealed, or canonical, law of Islam |
(a of s.th.); to overlook, command
«jüyjj! j£ nähr aS-S. the river Jordan
(a s.th.), look down (a on s.th.); to

Uj-1» maSra'a pl. fjLi* ma&Jr»' 1 supervise, oontrol (a s.th.), waten (a over
water hole, drinking place s.th.) IV to be high, tall, lofty; to tower,
rise (Ja above); to look down (Ja on),
.jjjj iaSri* legislation | Hj^ «U--
com-
overlook, overtop (Ja s.th.); to
«uttai aM. legislative power, legislative,

legislature
mand (Ja the vicinity, etc.); to open,
face (Ja on, e.g., a window on the
^yujjj toirt'i legislative i^j— CJl *-**4-'
down
garden); to look (J» upon B.th.);
|

r
(;am iya) the legislative assembly; »jjj
to be a Bpectator, look on (Ja at);
ou^JJ (daura) legislative period, session;
to supervise, oversee, Buperintend, con-
Lm^UI iWLJI (stäfa) the legislative power,
trol s.th.), waten, have the super-
(Ja
the legislative, the legislature vision (Ja over), manage, direct, run (Ja
f-IjÜVI *j£ oX-ütiriC Deu- s.th.), be in charge (Ja of s.th.); to
<«|*»V<*<
teronomy, fifth Book of Moses be near s.th. (Ja), be close (J# to s.th.),
 ;

467 Jj*

be on the point of (J*); to be on the {jliujJS tafrtfätt ceremonial; master of

V to be
verge or brink ( J» of min, etc.) oeremonies; royal Steward; chief of
honored («_> with), bare the honor, give protoool | iJiJuj^S iJi (badkt) parade
0.8. the honor (<-* of), Li^ü taiarrafnä uniform
it is (was) an honor to me X to look up Üjli. mu&ärafa supeirision, super-
(Jl to), raise one'e glance (Jl to)
intendence (Jp over)

Ji^i «an*/ elevated place Jil^-il Wnl/ supervision, superintend-

ence, control (Jp over); patronage, aus-
Ji^i fora/ high rank, nobility, distinc-
tion, eminenoe, dignity; honor, glory
pices | jlyil £^
under the auspioes of,
|
under the patronage of
**ji> Je in his honor
JijU &Jr»/ pl. «J»j]>i iawärif* old
j^-i Sarafi honorary, honor- (in Com-
(camel mare)
pounds)
ü>>!- muSrif Supervisor, overaeer, Super-
*i^i Swfa pl. hir(a)fät, Surufäi, «J^i
intendent | £jjl\ Je Ji^ (mattf) dying,
hiraf baloony; baloony löge, box (the-
in the throes of death, doomed to death,
ater) ; battlement
moribund
ül^-i firäfa sherifate, offioe of sherif
Ji^il—* miutafraf terraoe
(in Meooa)
ij^ iaraqa u (sarg, jj^- &*rü£) to rise (sun)
Sii^J hirräfa pl. -<B balcony; gallery
to shine, radiate; — ktriqo a (faraq) to
«Ju^- fort/ pl. »U^J Swafä**, .Jil^Sl swallow the wrong way, have a fit of
aSräf distinguished, eminent, illustrious, choking; to choke (l-» on s.th., e.g., -u.-b

noble, highborn, high-bred; honored, bi-darrCxhl on one'a teara) ; — Saraqa u to

oelebrated; sublime, exalted, august; sip, lap, suok in (* s.th.) II to go east;
honorable, respectable, honest (trade, pro- to cut in Btrips and dry in the sun, to
fession); sherif, title of the desoendanta jerk (* meat, for conserration) ; see vJ"j*
of Mohammed; «Juy^JI in Ottoman times, IT to rise (sun); to shine, radiate T to
title of the Governor of Meooa beoome an Orients! X to beoome an
Oriental, adopt oriental manners to ;

Jj_/J Sarljl aherinan, of or pertaining

study the Orient
to the house of the sherifs
3ji> Sarq sunrise, east; the Orient, the
üyl* ma&raf elevated, commanding
East; lip Xarqan eastward j üjjV' i3/-
site, height; pl. JijLi. mai&rif* ele-
S. al-urdunn (tili 1950) Transjordan;
vations, heights, hüls
<J;VI J^l {adnä) the Near East; J^All

<*ij£ to&rifa pl. -ät honoring, bestowal of i^JVI (aqpä) the Far East; -L-j^l ,5/JI
honors; pl. tairifät ceremonial, etiquette, the Middle East
protoool (dtpl.) | i_S3il oli^JÜI (malaklya)
j^i Sartfi eastern, easterly; oriental;
(formerly) bulletin of the receptions,
(pl. -ün) Oriental; UjjpiJI the Orientais
inspeotions and visits of the King of
(of the Christian Ghurch) |
Ljjl J^i
Egypt; c>iJuyiJ}\ ^MiSf master of cer-
Eastern Europe; öijVi J^J ijLI tmdrai
emonies; Üj^-JüJI lyS kiswat ai-t. parade
i. l-urdunn (offioial designation tili
uniform; «j^-üII cH"** 8*1* dre*8 » gal*
i960) Transjordan
uniforms; ujl«i_r£I)l jX» mudir at-t. ohief
of protoool (dipl.) ijlyj su-dg pitchy pine wood, lightwood
 468
*s
Öjji Surüq rise (of the aun) partioipant, associate ( j• of s.o. in) III to
share (j or * • with s.o., a.th.), par-
jlyi dar&fi (eg.) uninigated land not
ticipate (j or * * with s.o. in), be or
reached by the Nile floods
beoome partner, partioipant, associate
i}\ji Sarräq suctorial device; part of a ( j or a * of s.o. in); to awaociate o.a.

suction pump (* with s.o.), enter into partnership

(• with s.o.), form a partnership, join,

Q »jily^ kträquwa (pl. of j jUyi) Le-
combine (
j or i * with s.o. in); to
rantinea (eg.)
sympathize (* with s.o.) | *A> *JjU
ijjl* maSriq pl. jjli* mo&Jrtg' plaoe IT to
(ra'yahü) to share s.o.'s opinion
of aunrise, east; place of rise; the Orient, make (• s.o.) a partner, participant,
the East; ül^JH East and West |
jjli*
associate (j in), give ( s.o.) a share (j
IfjjUuj ^jVI *»• aJ-artf wa-ina£dri&uAd or
in), have (• s.o.) ahare (j in) ; to tie s.th.
üLjjiLlj üLJptil (mapriMn) the whole closely to a.th. aasociate («-» *
(*) {<->),

world; üüj±Ü jj i>.*>^ j aU 0Ter

s.th. with a.th.) |
-iL> *5^il to make s.o.
the world the associate or partner of Qod (in His
jj±* rua&riqi eastern, easterly, orien- creation and rule); iL ii^l to set up
tal; (pl. üjlJL* maSäriqa) an Oriental; or attribute associates to God, i.e., to

oLJ/iil orientalia, oriental atudies be a polytheist, an idolator YI to enter

into partnership (»* with s.o.); to partic-
Jij-ii toiriy easternization; develop-
ipate together (j in), ahare with one
ment of domestio production (esp. in
into
another (j a.th.) VIII to enter
local industry, with the gradual elimi-
partnership, to coöperate (^* with s.o.);
nation of Europe), drive for (economic)
to participate ( j ^ with s.o. in), share
independence j £^1 A£ ayyäm at-t.
(j *> with s.o., s.th.), collaborate, take
the old name of the three days following
part (j in), contribute (j to); to sub-
the Day of Immolation (lOth of Zu'lhijja)
soribe (J to); to partake of the Lord'a
during the hadj featival
Supper, communicate (Copt.-Chr.)
jl^l Üräq radiance; radiation, era-
iip Hrk polytheiam, idolatry |
ilyül J»l
dlation, emanation; IllaminiBm (mysti-
aM aS-S. the polytheiats, the idola-
ciam deriving from Neoplatonism)
tor»
üjJlj-V al-iiräqiff&n the Ulaminists,
iijj Sarah pl. i\^ htruk, lll^il
adherents of IUuminism
airäk, ill^J Hräk net, anare, gin; trap |

jlj-Ü-V' al-isti&räq oriental atudiea 5^1 *J uJ to lay a trap for s.o., trap
s.o.
3j£* mufriq resplendent, radiant, Bhin-
ing iip Snrvk spurious, unsound, phony,
jj-iJL-. mustairiq having oriental man« falae

ners; (pl. Orientalist

-fln)
'Sj. Hrka, farika partnership; oom-
munion (Chr.) ; (pl. -dt) assooiation,
3jji- Saraqraq, Jl^iyi Saraqräq green wood-
oompftTiion ih i p ; Company, oorporation
peoker
(com.); commercial enterpriae (Ist. Lato);

iip farika a (Hrk, '£j. Zirka, iarika) to establishment, firm, buriness j

Jutdl ~SjZ

share (j • with s.o. a.th.), participate inauranoe Company; *jjl? tf^S (tijäriya)

(j with s.o. in), be or beoome partner, trading Company, firm; 5*liVi «£- broad-
 ;

460 *jr

oasting oorporation; Ä>1—il 3^5 S. aJ- iijviil (amn) collective aecurity £j±* £>b ;

mueähama Joint- stock oompany, oorpora- {batäff) Joint oommuniquä; iJjviil jJ-JI
tion; vU" «C** (nhämiya) do.; «£-S {süq) the Common Market; iijüll j^-JÜt
Cj^j^\ truat {com.) Community apirit, communality, soli-

darity; i}JHS\ OU-JI (famän) oolleotive

ill^J Ärdfc pl. i3j-t Iwrufc, ii^l aJfroJfc,
aecurity
iJl^il ainlfc shoelace

^-5^-i Jarihwf Circaaaian ; (pl. i_5* I^J JardHaa)

&J, Sank pl. »K^i hraht*, iil^il

partioipant, partner, oo-

a Circaaaian
airtJjt aharer,
partner;
federate,
assooiate,

ally; co-owner,
oompanion,
ooproprietor
oon-
^ Jarama
s.th.)
(Sarm) to split, alit, Blaah (*

(Isl. Law); aooomplice, accesaory (in a

Sarm pl. Ajyi Surüm cleft, orack,
orime) of**
| O ^.j* (»*#•») süent *j2,

split, rift, alit, Blot ; amall bay, inlet

partner (com.)

dL ji> Suraik (eg.) seaame oake ^1 aSram', f. »U^ Sarmä* 9 having a

diafigured noee; harelipped
&lj2 Sarxha pl. dlSj^ SariVik* woman
partner, woman partioipant, etc. (see Ja^i Sarmala (eg., syr.) to shred, tear to
shreds (a s.th.)

»iL^ taSrik: dli^l i-L^ siyfoat ~*!*j*J.

Sarmüfa pl. J^ljJ Sardmtf rag,
at-t. policy of alliances shred, tatter; whore, slut, proatitute

«S^LL. muSäraka partnership, oopart- ajUjJ, Sarnaqa pl. JJljJ Saräniq* coooxm (of
nership, partioipation (j in); Coopera- the silk worm); chrysalia (of an inaeot);
tion, oollaboration; communion {Chr.); slough (of a anake), snakeakin; —
complioity, accesaorinesa (jur.) Saräniq* hemp (Cannabia aativa; bot.);

partnership, oopartner-
hemp seed
il\JÜ-\ iSUräk
ship, ooparoenary; partioipation, sharing, a (Sarah) to be greedy
•ji Sariha (J! or J*
joining, co-operation, oollaboration (Jin) for food); to eat greedily, gormandize,
interference (J in); aubscription (j to); gluttonize, be gluttonoua
jointnesa, oommunity communion {Chr.) ;
;

»ji. Sarah gluttony, gourmandism,

(pl. -äi) subaoription rate; partioipation
ravenousneaa, voraoity; greedineas, greed,
fee j iJlJ^Lj jointly, in oonourrenoe,
covetousneaa, avidity
together (^ with); jtj+i iJIJLM {fahrt)

monthly aubscription ; monthly fee or *ji Sarih greedy (J* for food), glut-

contribution tonoua; voraoious, ravenous; ravenoua

eater, glutton ; greedy, oovetoua, avid
J'lj^l iitiräki sooialist, sooialistio; (pl.
•ün) a socialiat ~**\j£ Saräha gluttony, gourmandism,
ravenousneaa, voracity; greedineas, greed,
~*S\jü>\ i&tiräkiya socialiam
covetousneaa, avidity
iJ^i. muirik pl. -ün polytheist
jji Sarw, Sirw honey
iljX» muitarik pl. -ün partioipant;
subscriber JtjyJ Sinoäl pl. Jjj'j-i SaräwiP trousers,
pants; drawers
ilJLL* mukarak common, Joint, oom-
bined, ooncurrent, oolleotive, oo- |
j*^/l
hA> &A aee dir1
 ;

tf-r*

iSjl Sarä i (Uran, »^ Ära*) to seil, vend jjw muStaran pl. £»Lj%i* muStarayüt

(>_> m s.th. for a certain price); to buy, that whioh is purohaaed, purchased
purchaae (* s.th.); to bring upon o.a., to goods; purohase, buy(ing), acquisition
aak for (e.g. t -_-eHI troubles, inconven-
to look askance at
ieacea) — Sarä % (Siran) to expoae
IjjJ Sazran: Ijj- *JI ^Lj

B.O.
{* s.th.) to the sun for drying II to expoae
(a s.th.) to the sun fcr drying VIII to »ijjj ,>*. 'am jaznl' 1 an eye looking
buy, purchaae (* s.th.); to buy up, askance, diätrustfully or maligrantly ; ijü
acquire, obtain by commercial trans- •\jji (naxra) distrustful, suspicious glanoe
action {* s.th.); to Bell, vend (* s.th.)
c t (Fr. chiste) slate (min.)
X to become worse, worsen, deteriorato
*-li Abi' far (away), distant, remote; wide,
j^i Sary (coli.; n. un. •) colocynth
large, great (distance); huge, vaet, enor-
üt^i Uran pl. ö^l airiya purchaae, mous (difference)
buy(ing), bargain
üUJL* SaSakän rifled (gunbarrel)
tfji. Saran an itohüig skin eruption
*jU*-Llli i*J-l orfiAa* aS-S. firearms
l^i Sirä* purchaae, buy(ing) 1*1^1 «--*!j
1?* *- muia££an rifled (gunbarrel)
j
eager to buy; O »Lr^ J* ü^' (mag-
dura) or O »^' *y qüwat aS-S. purchasing 1
-Ü &im seed of the Cassia absus (bot.),

power used as eye powder

IjjS Sarwa purchaae, buy(ing) *i*i-i Joima, Jüma toilet, lavatory, privy

tSjji Sarwä: jJu ^jß dl* V lä yanu

Ukn S. naqirin he hasn't a red cent to his
JÜ Sunt sample, specimen ; sampltng

name, he has alsolutely nothing ; V V * *

(ejj.) SiSnagi aasayer (of precious

no use a * metals)
jju isj_^ is-^ (yvjdi) i* i* °f
all
(J
*-i &if$ pl. ,j-»j--»-i Ju^ty fiahhook

O i j_rÜl ,j*i-l af-Aummä oi-Airouni/a

•j^X Samara a kind of gazelle
nettle rash, Urticaria (med.)
.Li Jaffa » u (J«ki Jafaj) to go to extremes,
OL^i Siryän pl. ö'dlp Amty*»* artery |
go too far, exceed the proper hounds, be
Li!^ 1 taßaüub aS-S. arterioscle-
excesaive (j in, with); to doviate (j*
from), digress, stray (fjJ>y\\ je from
Jlj^i Siryäni arterial | JjL^I »J-Jl the topio) VIII to go to extremes, go too
(sudda) embolism (med.) far, exceed the proper bounds, be
excessive ( j in, with)
*\ji2>\ iStirä* purchase, buy(ing)
Jfct Saft pl- J*,^ Sufüf bank, shore,
jU Sarin pl. »\ji JuröA Beller, salesman,
coast, Beashore, beach, Strand |
i^^JI .Li
vendor purchaser, buyer, customer
;
al-'arab Shatt-al-Arab, river in SE
— O lightning rod {also J*]f*t\ Jj^)'>
£.

Iraq formed by the Tigris and Euphrates

l \jli\ ai-Suräh designation of the Khawarij
rivers; the region travereed by this river

j£* mu&tarin purchaser, buyer, cus- on the Fersian Gulf

tomer; seller, vendor
«Li Saffa a variety of pepper (Capsicum
jjUil al-muStari Jupiter (cutron.) conicum Mey.; bot.)
 ;

471

JoL* Safaf that whioh ia exoessive or Safara u, Safura u (SjlL£ ja/dra) to be

exceeda the proper bounds, ezcess; in- sly, cunning, artful, shrewd ; to be
road, encroaohment, infringement clever, smart, bright, skillful, adroit II to
halve, divide into two (equal) parte,
*J«-Li Saftfa a variety of pepper
(Capsicum oonioum Mey.; bot.)
to bisect, cut through (* s.th.) in to
halve, share by halves, share equally
J&i* muSiff excessive
(* • with s.o., B.th.), go halves (• with
s.o.); to participate, take part (* in
y»Li Säfi' pl. y»l^i Sawäfi'*, üTLi Svfän ahore,
s.th.), share <* s.th.) *>-_>, «.IjT »Jßli
coast, seaooast, beaoh, Strand |

( ärä'ahü, farahahü ) to share s.o.'s

i_Jfe£ Safaba u (8afb) to out into slices or views, s.o.'s joy V to manifest slynesa,
Strips (* B.th.); to strike out, cross out, clevernesa, smartness, adroitness, skill

Scratch out, write off VII to divide, split (* into, intrans.)

(J# or * B.th.); to
eraee, efface ( J* or * s.th., e.g., a word,
J*2 Safr partition, division, Separation,
a sentence); to cancel, release (J* or *
a mortgage); to drop, nonauit (^y-s
halving, bisecting; — (pl. j_,Li Svfür,
jLt\ aSfur) a half, moiety; hemistich;
da'wä a case) II to make an incision, a
portion, share, lot; direotion; Safra in
longitudinal cut, a alit, a Blash ( j in s.th.) the direotion of . . ., toward j *J*£ _*?
to strike out, cross out, soratch out,
to move toward b.o., walk up to s.o.;
write off (J* or * s.th.); to erase, efface
•^Ui *jUiJl Jj (walld anfärahü) to
(J* or h B.th., e.g., a word, a sentence); direot one's glances toward a.o. ; Jj
to cancel, release, J* or * a mortgage);
(
•jki t+ß-j (wajhahü) to tum one*s face
to book, enter, poet {* an item, an ac-
toward s.th.
count); to finish off, tenninate, wind up
iJtJ- Sifra sjde, half
(> 8.th.)

t_J*i Safb cut, slash; incision, Scratch; •jlki Safara slynesa, cunningness,

Crossing out, striking out, writing off; shrewdness, adroitness, skill, clevernesa,

erasure, effacement; annulment, can- smartness

cellation »jLi- Safira sandwich; Schnitzel, steak

t_J*i Safb pl. t_jjlii Sufüb tall, strap- »jULl* muSäfara participation, sharing
ping, sturdy, husky
jlkljt inSifär fission, Splitting, cleav-
i--;L1j taSfib: u_>LJ-l i_...W1j posting of age, division, Separation
an account (to the ledger); <_—Ltill 5*L-
jULl Säfir pl.jlki Suffär sly, cunning,
curfew
shrewd; scoundrel, villain; clever, smart,
~Ui Safaka a (Safk) to roam, rove, stray bright, adroit, skillful

<p«Lt Safha pl. Safahät escapade £^ki Sifranj, Safranj chess £jkiJI
|
*»-J
lauhat aS-S. chessboard
J*i Safara u {Saft) *° halve, divide into two
(equal) parte, bisect, cut through (* tjtkl Safafa u (Soff) to rinse (under flowing
s.th.); to cut off, sever (* B.th.); — water), clean with water, wash (* s.th.)
•^u J*£, (baparuhü) u (j^Lt Sufür) to be
— ULi Suffa piece, chunk, lump; (pl.
squint-eyed; Safara u (jj^Z Sufür,
JdLZ Sufaf) flint (of a gunlock, eg.)
•jjLi Sufüra, »jlki io^ära) to withdraw,

separate, disassociate o.e. (je- from); — üLi Siffa splinter, chip, sliver
j* 472

1 jUi Safana u (&£n) to fasten, attach, tie, *±* muSi" radiating, radiant; emit-
bind (w * s.th. with a rope) ting rays, radiative; O radioactive

a
iL>lL~S and jLJLü see jL-i (alphabetically) O **£* muSi"a radiator

*i Sa'aba a (Sa'b) to gather, assemble,

,_ilii Sazafa u {Sazf) to castrate
rally (> people, * s.th.); to disperse,
t_'-^^ fajaf pl. ^jlki #zä/ discomfoTt, Bcatter (.* people, * s.th.) II to form
hardship, difnculty; ruggedness of life
| branches, to brauch; to branch (out),
^1 «Jtki > fl*l (* »*-'atf) to lead a life
ramify, divide into branches or sub-
of hardships divisions {* s.th.) V to branch (out),

*Jiki Alf»/ hard, harah, rough, rugged,

ramify ; to be subdivided, form sub-

auatere (life, character) divisions; to diverge, move in different

direotions, part Company, separate, split,

Jii jbfiya a (Aifan) to be splintered, be break up, beoome disunited, disorganiz-

shattered, splinter, shiver V do. ed, disrupted; to branch off (
j* from);
to result (je from) VIII to branch out,
i-kl äizlya pl. Jii fcfty, l;Uü Sat&yä
ramify; to branoh off
splinter, sliver, chip; shinbone; bone
<_^ä kCb pl. vj*- htüb people, folk;
«i lu"o * (Ja", £Li £'<f) to disperse,
nation ; tribe, race
soatter, diffuse, Bpread; to beam, radiate,
flash up IV to emit, spread, diffuse (a ,yj> Sa'bi national, people's; populär,

e.th.); to eradiate (* s.th.); to emit folksy, folk- (in Compounds) j

i_*-iJl i^l
rays or beams, radiate, beam V to emit (jabha) populär front; i-*i <X>\Jiys* peo-

rays or beams, radiate, beam, eradiate ple's democracy (in Marxist terminology)

-^ ht" rayB, beams ; spokes 5—*i Sa'blya popularity

fl*i ia'd* distracted, confused, be- <Jj*Z Su*übi adherent of the <^y^ t see

wildered, perplezed |
(**~jj) »jJ>» jU* below
UUi Mb znind became confused, bewilder-
a movement within
<sijAli\ aJf-Su'übiya
ed or perplexed
the early Islamio oommonwealth of na-
*l*i dfu'd' (coli.; n. un. I) pl. <*il tiona whioh refused to reoognize the prir-

odFT'a rays, beams; spokes; horizontal ileged poeition of the Ärabs

wooden orosspieces (on a door or window) |
<_-*i Jfi'ö pl. wl*i ü'äb mountain
3»» .Hl dj» «*i1/l (banaftajtya) the
path, mountain trau ; gorge, ravine,
ultra-violet rays; _^1/1 J-^ Jll UlM oanyon; gulf, abyas; reef
the infra-red rays; Uil »jj*» X-ray
photograph, roentgenogram; O <~L*U ij*i Si'ba reef

«»Älfl radioactivity *_-*i Suab, wl*i &i*äb

ijAi Su'ba pl.

M*il ü d* f
pl. -<K radiation, eradiation branch, bough, limb, ramification ; shoot,
twig, sprig, spray; prong, tine; (sub-)
,yl*il »TfS't radiative, radiational |
division, section, department, branch,
O (^l*^' LUÜ jj {naMf) radioaotive
cell; fleld of study, discipline (e.g., at a

**£i fafo'V radiation, eradiation university); part, portion; (pl. ^-*i

|

^jl^l ^aJLDI (£an5ri) radiation of heat; Su'ab) bronchus |

^*iJI wlfJl bronchitis

«illl {SamH) solar radiation (med.)

tS-Jj\
 -

lS
tJ> Jhiabi bronchial jj*i look up alphabetically
»_—«ui Sa'ib disrupted, disorganized,
j*£ kCara u (jj*i Su'ür) to know (^ s.th.,
disunited, scattered, dispersed
ül that), have knowledge, be cognizant
uU*i fa'bdn* Shaban, name of the (i-* of); to come to know, realize, notice
eighth month of the Mohammedan year (i_j B.th., oi that); to peroeive, feel,

r sense (»_j B.th., Ol that), be oonscious, be

._-*-! a& ab % name of a legendary
raiser, hence, said of s.o. extremely
aware (^ of s.th.)» (*'*") to make or —
oompose poetry, poetize, versify ^»ij J
niggardly: ^,\ ^ ^X\ greedier than |

... i (iM bi-), ... j

VI VI j*±i (iüä
Aä'ab {
uw-) and...iVlj-i U, . . .j Vi^U L. be-
,ywl ai'abl extremely miserly, avari-
fore he even realized it, there was all of
oious, or greedy; (pl. -flu) skinflint, miser,
a sudden . . . ; then, all of a sudden, there
niggard ,^1 «J» (fama') insatiable greed was .
| . ., it happened that . . . IV to let

>,*.*..) iaia"ub ramification, branching, (• s.o.) know ( v or * s.th., of or about

branching off; disruption, split(ting), s.th.), notify, inform {<_> or * * s.o. of or
disunion about), give notice or Information (• to

_>Liil in&i'äb ramification, branohing,

s.o., y or * of or about), impart (• to

branching off; disruption, split(ting),

s.o., <_> or a s.th.) X to feel, sense, notice,
peroeive, realize {<_>, a s.th.), be consoious,
disunion
be aware (» of); to be filled (* with a
t_-*Ü* mvtaia"ib ramified , branch - feeling)
ing; manifold, diverse; many-sided,
j*i fa'r, ia'ar (coli.; n. un. pl.
versatile (oLi- 1 ,_,»*;. m. al-janab&t) •)

jUil ai'är, jj*i iu'fir, jLi H'är hair;

*i Sa'batfa to practice jugglery, legerde bristles; für, pelt
main, sleight of hand, or magic
V*i fa'ra (n. un.) pl. -dt a hair |

•-L*i Sa'baüa jugglery, legerdemain, •j*- j-tf • • • V (qadra S.) not by a hair's
sleight of hand, magio breadth

jw Ja'tfa a (Ja'^O to be or become dishev- tSS" kt'ri, Sa'ari hairy, hirsute, hair
eled, unkempt, matted (hair) II to (adj.)

dishevel, rüffle {* the hair) V to become ö^Ai kfriya wire

pl. -dt grille, wire
disheveled, ruffled (hair) ; to disintegrate,
fall apart, deoay (of buildings)
netting, lattice work; O (without pl.)

capillarity | ÜLJÜl ö^i *. ai-iuhbdk

*l*i Sa'at; *!*£ 1 lamma Sa'afahü to (latticed) window shade, Jalousie
straighten out the muddled affairs of
*ij*S ü'riya vermicelli
s.o., help s.o. to get back on bis feet; to
Btruggle back to one's feet, "pick up'\ dj/*~ Sa'r&ni hairy, hirsute, shaggy

recover jmi. H'r knowledge &ja1 cJ laita

j

il->-i Sa'if matted, disheveled, un- K'ri I wish I knew . . . ! would that I

kempt (hair); having matted, unkempt knew...! — (pl. jLil aTär) poetry;
hair poem

«1^1 afap, f. .U»i Aj'Jä'» matted, &J*} Ä'rf poetic(al)

disheveled, unkempt (hair) ; having iSj*~ ä»'™ pl- ifj\*£ Jo'Örä scrub
matted, unkempt hair country
 474

tf^nJÜl ai-Si'rä Sirius, Dog Star (astron.) j*±* mai'ar pl. jpLi. ma&'ir* cultio
Bühne for ceremonies of the hadj ; sen*
jUi H'är pl. j»Z iu'ur, »j-il ai'ira
sory organ ; pl. senses, feelinga, sensationa |
password, watchword ; slogan ; motto,
a\J~\ y^li\ (haräm) the hadj Station of
de vice; mark, token, sign; signal;
Muzdalifa east of Meoca
distinguishing mark or featore, charac-
teristic, emblem, badge |
jjljf jUl jUil iS'är pl. -ät notifioation, infor*

(tijäri) trade mark mation (l-> of, about), notioe

jv£ Sa'ir (coli.) barley; (n. ud. 5) y^Li Sair knowing (by instinotive
barleycorn |
jJJjJ _r*i> {lu'lu'i) pearl perception), endowed with deeper in-
barley; ,^1 Ij^t S. al-jafn sty (med.) sight, with intuition; (pl. »lj»i hfarä'*)

poet
O «/^ Aj'ira bead (of a gun flight,

mtl.; Syr.) öy^li iä'iriya pl. -ät poetry; poetical

work, poetization; poetical talent; poet-
i^o olj**i Ju'ainW (iamawtya blood
ship
capillaries (biol.)
jt\jZ Saurfir* attacks, diatribes, inveo-
**j*>2> Sairiya vermicelli
tives, calumnies, defamations
jyj. ht'ür knowledge, cognizance;
jj*L» mafür Bplit, cracked; mad,
consciousness, awareness; peroeption, dis-
orazy, idiotio
cernment; perceptive faculty; Sensation;
Bentiment; feeling; perceptiveness, Ben- JI^L* mui'irüni hairy, hirsute, shaggy
sitivity, sensibility ; mood
jyJ- j* J» |
*l*
»i*i ki'ki'a to mix with water, dilute (*
(gairi ht'ürin) without bis being aware
a beverage); to Bhine, beam, radiate,
of jj*^\ j» ^*\i to lose consciousneBs;
it;
glitter
j^ill Ji\i unconscious, insensible; j^ill
^j-iJlj (naft) self-oonsciousness; j^Ul **:**. muh.' Sa' half drunk, tipsy,

otöJlj do.; j^*-iJl «> dtggai aM. sensi* fuddled

tivity, senaibility; iJ>ill j^Ȇl (rnuAfl*
J**i Sa'afa a to scoroh, Bear, singe
rol) Community spirit, communality,
soUdarity; j^*-iJI unfeeling, insen-
f±* ü*-i Ja'/a pl* <-JUi Ä'd/ summit, top, peak
aitive

J»i fa'aJa a (fa'J), II and IV to light, kindle,

(jjj^ ht'üri oonscious; emotional |
ignite, infame, set on fire (* s.th.), set
tfjyJ- V unconscious, subconsoious
fire (* to B.th.); to set ablaze, fan (*

j jUi ja'drd (pl.) goats s.th.) Till to catch fire, Start burning,

ignite, burn, flame, blaze, flare up,

lj*2> Ai'ira pl. J US Sa'ä'ir* religioas

ceremony, rite, cultio praotice; pl. also:

break out (fire) |
L-ü J*i-tl (gafaban)
to be fiaming with rage; Lxi <Aj J*^
ploces of worehip, cultio Bürinea
(Saiban) his hair was, or turned, white
j*2>\ ai'ar* hairy, hirsute, long-haired,
Ü*i ht'la pl. J*i iu'oi fire, blaze,
Bhaggy
flame; torch
j jj*2> ht'rür poetaster, versiner, rhyme-
ster
Ü*±- Tna&'ala pl. J*LL.
maiä'iP torch
j*lj$ huvai'ir poetaster, versifler,

rhymester JUi* mÜ'öi torch

 478
J"
Jelt« maSä'üi pl. 4-UL* maSaüiya *-*LL. mu&ägaba pl. -ät disorder,
torch bearer; hangman, executioner disturbanoe, trouble, riot, uproar; re-
bellion
jLil »l'<U Ughting, kindling, ignition, (J* against); diaoord, diaaension,
row, wrangle, quarrel, oontroveray
setting on fire, fanning

jUiil t^ilL» muSäfib pl. -ün troublemaker,

töi'tü Ignition, inflammation,
agitator, subverter, rioter, mischief-
combuation, burning
maker
J^i. muito't'J burning, ablaze, on Are
ji£ Sagara u (jji* htgür) to be devoid of
<±*J> fa'ntna pL jOUi fa'dnf»1 palm branch | fortifications, be unproteoted (oountry);
OöLdl (v) ^-1 aAod ('Id) ai-i. Palm to be vaoant, unoooupied,
free, open
Sunday (CAr.) (aeat, position)

»I>*i Sa'wä'* (used attributiveh/ with »jU jjii Svgür vaoanoy (of a position)
#dra, vj*- Äor*. **** AaffUa, and ibe like)
_/^Lt SäQir empty and unproteoted
large-aoale, devastatlng everything (over
(of a oountry); free, vaoant, unoooupied,
a wide area)
open (aeat, position); J^ kueögii*

jj*i kfwafa to practice jugglery, leger-

vaoanoies

demain, aleight of hand, or magio arte

*jui iagafa a (&$/) (to hit, or affect, the
;jj*i Aj'ioarfa pl. -dt jugglery, leger- pericardium, i.e.) to infatuate, enamor,
demain, aleight of hand; magio, magio All with ardent pasaion (• s.o.); pass.
arte; humbug, swindle, tricks (L*-) o J»i£ htgifa bihi (hubban) to lovo
a.o. or s.th. pasaionately, be madly in
j^l* muSar wi4 juggler, oonjurer, ma-
love with s.o., be infatuated with or
gician, practitioner of legerdemain;
swindler, triokster
enamored of s.o., be extrexnely fond
(f. *J>*i*)
of s.th. VII « JiiiJl = Sugtfa bihi
t^i-i Sagaba, iag~iba a {üQb, Sagab) to disturb
(J**i &£<>/ perioardium ; passionate
the peace, make trouble, Btir up riots,
love, paasion, aenanal desire; iniatuation,
cause an uproar, not; to provoke dis-
enamorednesa, amoronaneaa; ardent zeal,
cord, diaaension, or oontroveray (among
oraze, love, pasaion
V» J*> *) 1IJ *° make trouble, disturb
the peaoe; to rebel against), «Jui Sagif madly in love, infatuated
(J*
mutiny (<_* with), enamored (»_* of), fasoinated

<V *>y)
i_-i- Sagab, Sa§b unrest, trouble,
disturbanoe, diaoord, diasension ; JiLbi ia0df pericardium
riot,

commotion, uproar, strife, tumult; brawl, JtjiJ> Sagüf obseaaed with fervent
fight, broil, fracas; row, wrangle, con* affeotion (»-» for) ; madly in love, infat-
tention, quarre], oontroveray uated (<-. with), enamored {<-» of)

t_^LLi Saffläb trouhlemaker, agitator, JtyJL* maSguf pasaionately fond {<->

aubverter of),madly in love, infatuated (<-» with),

enamored <t_* of), fascinated (»_* by)
Vj*^ tagüb cauaing mueh noise and
unrest, riotoua, turbulent, troubloua
Jii fagala a (ktgl, Svgl) to ocoupy, buay
i^Ll* maiägib* troublea, disordera, (i-t * a.o. with); to preoooupy (• a.o.),
disturbancen keep (* s.o.) buay, give { s.o.) trouble;
 ;; ;;

476
J"
to distraot, divert, alienate (j» • s.o. work, run, operate, be in Operation, be
from a.th.); to occupy, fill, hold, have in motion (maohine, and the lue) |
JjüI
(* offloe, seat, pontion); to take ap, *JJ (qaibukü) to be uneasy, apprehensive,

All (* fl.th.)» engste, engross (* the worried; j» *j J»iil to be distraoted by

attention); to engage, tie down (* foreea a.th. from
of the Opponent); — paaa. SuQüa to
Jü tuQl oocupancy, Alling, taking
oooupy o.g., buay o.a., be buay {<->
up ; detention, prevention, distraction
with), be engaged in; to be taken up,
(y. from); — (pl. JLil aSQäl, J>S
occupied (^ by, e.g., ground by build-
SufiU) oooupation, aotivity; work, job;
iöS*) » 0* l^ *° k° dutraeted by a.th.
*i busineaa, Cancern | J*U Jli that whioh
firom | v» *—ü J*i to oooupy o.a.,
is uppermost in one'a mind, ohief or
busy o.s. with, work at f attend to foremost conoern; a.th. which preoo-
JUt Jü to disquiet, diacomfit, make mind or diatraota s.o.
oupies s.o. 's (j»
uneasy, trouble, disturb; J cJJ\ Jii from); SU JLil (Uqqa) hard labor;
to devote tims to II to busy,
(tragt)
UU JLil {'Ornma) or i-y^ Jl»*' C«mü-
ooonpy («s.o.), engage, engrosa (*s.th.); mfya) publio works; j>ij Jii (yadawt)
to employ (• s.o.), provide employment
handwork; manual labor; Oj J*i S. yad
(• for s.o.); to put (» s.o.) to work, make used appositionally) handmade;
(colloq.,
(* a machine) work, put in Operation,
preoooupied (j- with), concerned
Jü j
make run, start (* a machine) to make, ;
(j* about); y Jii j buay, oocupied with;
produce, manufacture, fabrieate (* a.th.)
jp Ji^ j üS" to be too busy or preocou-
to invest (* money) III to hold in play, with) to be able to attend to
pied (lj»

keep oocupied, divert (• s.o.); to distraot a.th.; *ÜLi (jJI üiam Sutflaka mind your
(• s.o.) IT to occupy, busy, employ (•
own busineai!
s.o.); to oooupy, hold, All, have (* an
Jlii SafflU very busy; hard-working,
affloe, a position) ; to fill, take up (* a.th.),
industrious, diligent, laborious, active;
engage, engroas (* the attention); to
being in Operation, running(of a machine)
cover (t-> * a apace with a building or
(pl. -fi») worker, workman, laborer
buUdings), occupy, take up, fill (y * a
JjÜ so^ifpl. * (syr.) worker, workman,
Space with); to take, take up, reqnire
down (* forces of laborer, (lowly) employee
(* time); to engage, tie
the Opponent); to distraot, divert, alien- J^U M$Ül mainsheet (of a sailing
ate, entioe away {je- » s.o. from) |
Jiil vessel)

JUI to disquiet, discomfit, make uneasy,

Jii* mafyal pl. JilA* moAlffrf1 Work-
trouble, disturb, prooocupy TI to occupy
shop; workhouse
o.a., busy o.s., be oocupied or busy, be
preocoupied (y with), be engaged (v in), «kl* mafyala pl. JilJL* maiäQW ocou '
avooation, aotivity, buainess,
v
attend, devote o.a. ( to a.th.) ; to pretend
pation,
conoern, work, job; effort, ezertion;
to be busy VII to oooupy o.s., busy o.a.,
di Version, distraction, preocoupation,
be occupied or busy, be preocoupied (*-»

disturbance
with); to be oonoemed (y about) Till to
busy o.a., oooupy o.a., be occupied or Jjl±j taffil employment, occupation;
buay (4* or j with), be engaged (y or j providing of employment, provision of
in), attend, devote o.a. (y or j to a.th.); work; hiring (of s.o., as a worker);

to work; to study J» under or with); to opening, starting, putting into Operation

(
 ;

477

production, manufacture, making; in- *«Jti Äo0ix i (iJ^Li fu/fi/, «JuÄJt ia/f/, »JulA
vestment (of money) ia/a/) to be thin, flimsy; to be transpar-

JUiJl in&Qäl (state of) being busy or ent, diaphanous, transluoid, pelluoid

occupied; oooupation, aotivity; over- to let (j* s.th.) shimmer through,

charge, overwork ; apprehension, oonoern, reveal, disclose, betray (j* s.th.) Till to

anxiety drink up, drain, empty (* s.th.); to

eat up, devour (* s.th.) X to look (*
JUiil i&tiQäl (state of) being busy or
through s.th., e.g., through a piece of
ocoupied; work, oooupation (<_> or j fabrio in order to ascertain its quality);
with, at); syntactioal regimen, govern-
to have a glimpse (* of s.th.), hope (*
ment (of a word by another; gram,)
for s.th.); to try to see (* through s.th.),

J*U SäQil pl. Jilp SawOgiP that seek to penetrate (* s.th.); to peroeive,
which preoccnpies s.o., engrosses s.o.'s discern, make out (* s.th.); to shimmer
attention» takes up s.o. 's time; oocn- (,y through s.th.), show (^ through
pation, aotivity; objeot of oonoern or s.th.); to manifest itself, beoome tangible,
worry; pl. Ji-lp distractions, preoccupa- perceptible, noticeable
tions | j c* ^l*Li ii-j he found distrao-
ijul Soff, Hff pl. ütjÄZ Sufüf diaphanous
tion from' it in . . .; j* J*li «JJt j j*
fabric, gauze
(oZ/t Ä3^*/»n) he had a thoueand other
jjtil Safaf transparenoy, transluoenoe,
thinga to think of than...; JiU jJ"l jtT

<l (akbara Säfolin) it was hia greatest diaphaneity

worry «JuäJ* Saflf thin» flimsy» translucent,

J^äJL* busy, oooupied transparent, diaphanous

maSfrül (<-»

with); distraoted, diverted (j* from); Jiji-i Sufüf transparenoy, translucence,

occupied, taken (seat, Bpaoe) ; busy, diaphaneity
occupied (telephone line, and the Uke);
ülü Sufäfa the rest in the glass
worked on, processed |
JUI J^ü» anx-
ious, apprehensire, concerned, worried; JiLLl Saffäf thin, flimsy, transluoent,

ILÄäJlj l^JUI oV>iil (iahabiya, fifätya) transparent, diaphanous

gold and silver work 5JLL5 Saffäßya transparenoy, trana-

«Jjü» ma^üliya anxiety, apprehen- lucence, diaphaneity

sion, concern
C-ü fifi pl. CjjaX Sufüt (eg.) pinoers,

Jü* mu&ag§aX employee, worker tweezen

Jiii- mu&tagü busy, occupied (,_» or
jj£ Saftara to pout, sulk
j with); in Operation, running (of a
machine) *jjü£ Safiüra thick Up

ü- Äo/a pl. »ILS &/dA, ilij^ü Safawät lip;

rim, edge |
LUI üiJI ('u/yd) upper lip,

^1 Ulli («*/&) lower lip; ^Vl Üi

i. ai-arnab harelip; <jLS cJu Mn* i. word Li Safr pl. jLLil aSfär palpebral margin from
whioh the eyelashes grow, (outer) edge
^yLLt, ULLi, ,^4^$ and Ä^iLL. see *ii
of the eyelid; edge, rim, border, fringe
i^ji-i see jii
jj-i Sufr pl. jLLil aSfdr palpebral
'JJUi Xafä'if
2
, J4IÜ Safäyif2 Ups margin from whioh the eyelashes grow,
 ;

478

(outer) edge of the eyelid; edge, rim, *-Äi fa/T pl. »Uü Sufa'ä'* mediator,

border, fringe; — labium (anal.) interceasor, advocate; patron saint [Chr.)

holder of the right of pre-emption, pre-

;>i Safra pl. Safarät, jUi Sifär large
emptor
knife; blade (of a sword, of a knife);
jUi) brink, edge, verge S*Ui Saföa mediation, interoession,
razor blade; (pl. |

abyaa advocacy
«jjUI ijii-
Jp on the brink of the
•JLi Sdfi* mediator, interceasor, ad-
jUi Saßr palpebral margin from whioh
vocate; holder of the right of pre-
the eyelashea grow; (outer) edge of the
emption, pre-emptor
eyelida; edge, rim, border, fringe
j»il!Jl aS-Säfi'i founder of one of
jkL» müfar pl. >li* mafäfir* flew,
the four orthodox Islamio schoola of
chap; trunk, snout, proboeois
theology; ^ili Shafiitic; (pl. -ün, ^]^>
^ti (Fr. chiffre) cipher, code Sawäfi'*) adherent of the Shafiitic «chool,
Shafiite
^jjti ü/fi ciphered, coded, in code
£>t£» maSfü" accompanied (w by),
~*jXi> Jtifra cipher, code
attended, combined (w with)

Jälki SafSafa to dry, dry out, parch, drain

jü IV to pity, oommiserate (Jp s.o.), feel
(* s.th.) pity Bympathize (J* with);
(Jp for),
Üi Safafa to suck, suck up, absorb; to to be ooncerned (Jl that, Jp about)
(jl that,
empty, drain; to Bip
worry (Jl that,
Jp about), fear
for, j* s.o., s.th.), be apprehenBive,
J*
iUUi Saffäfa pl. -ät eiphon | O *l»Lii
feel anxiety (J* about, j* as a result
jUJl J. al-gubär vacuum cleaner
of); to shun, shirk (o- a.th.), beware

(j- of), be on one's guard (j* against)

.ü ia/a'o a (*>/*) to double (* s.th.); to

attach, add, subjoin * to •th« B <th.), jii Safaq evening glow, twilight,
(v
encloae (u> * in s.th. s.th.); to give the duBk |
J>i-.l JäJI (janübi) aurora

(right of) pre-emption (w * to a.o. on australia; JUJl JiiJl {Samäli) aurora

s.th.), grant {. b.o.) the first refusal (w borealia; ^iJl J*^Jl («u#») polar

of B.th.); — («^ Safä'a) to mediate, light; lfi\ jiÄ Twilight of the

use one'a good offices, put in a good Gods

word, intercede, intervene, plead (J or j Üü Safaqa oompassion, oommisera-
for or on behalf of s.o., Jl with s.o. eise) aympathy, kind(li)nesB, tender -
tion, pity,
V to mediate, use one's good offices,
ness, affeotionatenesa, solioitude, loving
put in a good word, intercede, inter- ÜiiJI r-i* pitiless, mercileas
care |

vene, plead (Jl J or j for or on behalf

JjÄi «a/tig compaasionate, sympathet-
of s.o. with s.o. eise)
ic, affectionate, tender, aolioitous, kind(ly)
£Ü Saf pl. £lül aSfä', £lü Hfs:
j a A* fo/w compaasionate, aympathet-
either part of a pair; even number
io, affectionate, tender, solicitous, kind(ly)
Ȇ Saf diplopia, double viaion of a
JUil Ü/äf oompassion, pity, sym-
Single object
pathy; tenderness, affectionatenesa care, ;

yuli Saft even (of a number) solicitude; conoern, worry, anxiety, ap-
(

i»ii Suf'a (right of) pre-emption prehension

 479

ji U Sdfin proud thirst for revenge, vent one's anger, take

it out (> on) X to seek a eure

<ii III to Bpeak (mouth to mouth) (• to
s.o.)
•iL- Ufa* eure, healing, restoration,
recovery, recuperation, convalescenoe
Ui pl. »Ui, C-.l^i-l 866 ",_**
satisfaction, gratifioation; (pl. *-LZ\ aSfiya,

L^ü Ifl/aAl lip-,labio- (in Compounds), J»UI aSäßn) remedy, medicament, medi-
labial; oral; fiiJI the orals (= oral cation, medicine j »ILiil JjU curable
L5
examination); L^ii Safahiyan orally (jUi
|
üfä't healing, ourative, medi-
5 |ä.tll
;
tjij^l the labiala b, f, m, w cative
(phon.)
Ji- maifan pl. <JiLl» maMfin hospital
UUi Kfähan orally
i_ÜJ taSaffin gratifioation of one's
^Lü Jt/dAt oral; ,j»UlJI the orals
thirst for revenge, satisfaction
(— oral examination); LulLi Hfählyan
orally
»Ull*l istÜfS seeking of a cure;
cure, (oourse of) treatment
44JIL. muJd/oAoton orally
J»U Säfin healing, ourative, medi-
jii IV to be very (J* to s.th.), be
close cative, salutory; aatisfactory, clear, un-
on the verge, on the brink of s.th. (J*) | equivocal (of an answer)
^Lll *iU J*.
** ^i>\ (häjfat al-ya's) he
Jil— mtMfai/a»
. pl. ol.iit..« mitstaS*
brought him to the brink of despair
fayät hospital; field hospital; Banitorium |

Ui Jfafan pl. »Lül aJ/£' edge, rim, vi^ '

J^*— • insane asylum, mental
border, brink, verge hospital

tSjÄi- Safawt lip-, labio- (in Compounds), jp Saqqa u (£049) to split, cleave. part, tear,
labial; oral; l^Äi Safawlyan orally | rend, rip (* s.th.); to break (* s.th.);
*i>ÜJl ü>j^J-i the labials 6, /, m, w to plow, tili, break up (* the ground);
(jjAon.) to furrow, traveree, orosa (* s.th.); to

«JlI« mujßn moribund, doomed pasB, go, travel (* through a region); to

to
death break (dawn); — (3j*£ Suqüq) to break
forth, shoot up, aprout (plant), break
J-i ja/d » (»Ui A/ö*) to cure (i> • BO - of through, erupt (tooth); (&49> **^» —
a disease), heal (^* • s.o. of a disease, maiaqqa) to be heavy, oppressive, burden-
a a wound), make (• b.o.) well, reatore some, unbearable (J* for s.o.); to grieve,
(» s.o.) to health; — pass. Svfiya to be trouble (J* s.o.); to molest, harass,
healed, be cured, be reatored to health, inconvenience (J* s.o.), be troublesome,
recover, convalesce, recuperate; to cumbersome (J* for s.o.); to viait
(J*
heal, heal up (wound) |
(*LU) «il* Ji s.o.), call
(J* upon b.o.) | l^-»- cSS-
(guttatahü) to quench one's thirst, gratify (jaibahä) to tear the front of the garment
one's desire, satiefy one's thirst for re- as a sign of mourning (woman) ; ^Li- ji
venge; ,y *LLe J-i {gaifahü) to vent to cut, or open, a way for o.a. ; üj$LJ\ jJ
one's anger on b.o., take it out on to break the silence; (li^i») UjLi j-i to
s.o. V and VIII to be cured, be healed, build a streeb (a road); üj^L J-i to foroe
be reatored to health (»-* by); to take one's way, plow ahead; IjjJU- li^ ji
revenge, avenge o.a., aatisfy one's to open up, or enter npon, a new path
 480

(flg.); U«JI £Z ('oft) to part from the HZ htqqa pl. ji* hiqaq trouble, toil,

Community, break with the Community; labor, diffioulty, hardahip; diffioult jour-

vUJI L» ji fo»« f-foTo) to rebel, ney; deatination of a journey; distanoe |

ravolt, renounoe allegianoe; fjil\ Ltf tp liill -Uj bu'i al-fuqqa (and ai-Kqqa)

(*a»a I-oaum) to eow disoord among large or wide diatance; üJÜl Xm b.

people; >jU ,p L (JuMroAum) he did af-faqja (and ai-Kqqa) far away, diatant,

not reach their mark; •jU» j£j V remote

(yu&fav jutdruAfi) he is unaurpaasable, üil
jjj aafi} a half, moiety; (pl.
he is incomparable, there is no one like him aügga, »lül aJ»o#f *) füll brother, brother
II to aplit (» s.th.) ; to tew open, rip open,
on the patemal and maternal aide;
alit open (» >.th.) V to be »plit, be oleft;
(attributively) brother-, siater-; — anem-
to Bplit, oraok, bunt; to be eracked TU to
one 11
jkill (ftifr) the brother
| J.'*
be split, be oleft; to spüt, orack, bunt; UJtill JjJI (oVtool) the sia-
oountry;
to «plit off, separate, aegregate, seoede, Arab
ter etatea (eep. with referenoe to
break away, withdraw (j» from), break oountriea)
(j* with), renounoe (je a.th.); to beoome
a sohismatie (Chr.); to break (dawn)
ÜJÜ Saqiqa pl. -dl, jJU-1 kufi'iq'
|

8 *
füll aiater, siater on the patemal and
.»Lu r ;l ('oaUwn) they feil out
tjj* iUÜjI (mal* matemal aide; hemiorania, migraine |
(with one another);
he j^JI jJlU $. an-nu'mJn red anemones
raJuAfi) he exploded (with anger),
(6ol.)
blew hia top VIII to derive (j. » a word
from) Jȣl oaofo^ more troubleaome, more
tireaome, more difficult, harder
ji iaqq pl. Jjü iuffia; fiaaure. orack,

ohink, orevioe, rift, oleft, orevasae, «iL. maiaqqa pl. -dl, jli. moiilH*
ohaam, Bplit, rent, tear, rip, gap, alit, trouble, toil, labor, diffioulty, hardahip
alot; half, moiety; — fiaiion, aplitting,
jlü atjA} diaunity, diseenaion, dis-
eraoking, oleavage |
*jill & i. od-rfarro
oord
atomio flssion
jlüjl inüqSq Separation, aegregation,
Ji hqq half, aide, part, portiou;
diasodation, split; aohiam (Car.); diseen-
trouble, diffioulty, hardahip |
i^ijUl! jJ
aion, disoord, disunion
I. al-mu'tnxfa Opposition party; ... V
jlül itttod; derivation, etymology
u-ii^ JM VI (HU bi-ütP !•<•»/«•). .Pi
^^Ül only with great effort, with great (of a word)

difBoulty, barely JIS Mgig troubleaome, toilaome, weari-

~üu- iaqqa rift, tear, rip, fiaaure, aome, oumberaome, tireaome, tedious,

fatiguing, arduoua, oneroua, diffioult,

oraek, spüt, orevioe
hard | lila Jliil hard labor
üi üjjo pl. jii %a?, jlü Jijäg
a half, moiety; pieoe; aplinter; trouble, jUL. muMqq aohiamatio (Car.)

toil, labor, diffioulty, hardahip; diffioult jil* tR-uilago; pl. -dl derivative {gram.)
joumey; deatination of a journey; dia*
füi IT to aend far away, remove to a
tanoe
diatant place (• a.o.)
«ü Siqya, taqp pl. Jit Kqaq apart-
ment, flat, split-level apartment; oom- J>iü htqiuf pl. Jiilii soadjt/* a kind of

partmeut (in a train)

 481

jÄ~ Saqira a (Sogar) and Saqura u (S^ü »Ui SaqS and lü Saqan misfortune,
htqra) to be of fair oomplexion, be distress, misery, wretchedness, pain,
light-skinned; to be blond, fair-haired suffering ; hardship, trouble, toil, drudgery

jü Sogar fair-complexionednesB; blond- Ji Saqiy pl. »LLil atqiyä** unhappy,

unlucky, miserable, wretohed, distressed;
~*j2J> Sugra fair-complexionedness ; blond- damned; wretch, villain, culprit, criminal,

ness; redne&s acoundrel, rogue; nasty, naughty, mis-

chievous
^1 aiqar*, f. »\jü Saqrä'', pl._^J htqr
fair-oomplexioned, light-skinned; blond, •>ü Saqwa misfortune, distress, misery
fair-haired; reddish
ylü Saqätoa misfortune, distress,

jjii Sagraga to be gay, oheerful, be ez- misery; mischief, nastiness, naughtiness

bilarated, amuae o.a.

!Ü Sakka u (Sakk) to pierce, transnz {»

JÜi SaqSaqa to twitter, peep, ohirp; to s.o. <_* with); to impale, spit (<_* a s.th.
babble (<_* s.th.); to peep, break (dawn) |
on); to prick, stab {* s.th.); to doubt

j* ti-j -ü- Lj J-£JLi to chat, chatter about (»-» or j s.o., s.th.); to distrust, suspect,
fl.th. question (<-> or j s.o., s.th.), entertain

U£Jt» SagSaga pl. -<U twitter(ing),

doubts, have misgivings (u or j about
s.o., about s.th.); to be skeptioal II to
peep(ing), chirp(ing); (silly) prattle; pl.
make (» s.o.) doubt (j s.th.), fiU (•
J-iLÜ Sagä&ig* rigmarole, rambling talk |
s.o.) with doubt, misgivings, skepticism,
Ol —Ul * it£\ (silly) prattle; jl+JI ~*~*W.
suspioion (J about) T to doubt (»_» or j
8. an-nahär daybreak, peep of dawn
s.o., s.th.), have doubts (t-* or J about);
U£Jt» SigSiga pl. J-iLÜ SaqäSiq* faucal to be skeptical, have misgivings
bag of the camel
dU &U pl. ii_£i hikük doubt,
«Jü^ &?a/ (coli.; n. im. !) (pot)sherds uncertainty, suspioion, misgiving | ^Li

Ulli Suqäfa (pot)sherds iU (6»-W), dU ^ V> «w-Zä

(Ajfcto), iU
Sakka, JJLi üji j* min düni S. without
1
JiU %# shekel doubt, doubtless, undoubtedly, indubi-

•JjiLi ASyfii plumbline, plummet

tably, certainly, positively; Jl J_a- V
4-i dLlll (aatnla) doubtless, indubitable,
i_~Ui Saqldba to tum things upside down, beyond any doubt; dLiJI <J I j^j V
upset things n taSaqlaba to be upset, be (yatafarraqu, Sakku) do.
toppled; to tum a Bomersault
*£i Ajifci stab, thrust, jab (with the
1JLL5 Saglaba pl. -<B Bomersault point of a weapon)

(_^L5 and Ji) lü £a?<S u (_>ü &?w) to make liJExJLj toioifcufc doubt; skepticism
( s.o.) unhappy, miserable, wretched,
Säkk doubting, in
distress (• s.o.); — Ji Saqiya a (.lü
iiLi

£*JI 4L5
doubt, skep-

Saqä% !jlü Saqäwa, I^Ü äoguu) to be

tical |
or
c
"äUI j llli

armed to the teeth, bristling with arms

unhappy, miserable, wretohed, distressed;
to have trouble (»_* with, in s.th.) IT to *-» iijSll. mafkük fihi doubtful,
make (• s.o.) unhappy, miserable, wretch- dubious, uncertain; *^l j iljfLt. (amrikl)
ed, distress (* s.o.) Buspect(ed)
 !

ib

•*!J& Sakkaka (eg.) to seil on credit; to buy uSj. Sakia pl. IJ

SJ. hika malioious,
on credit; to borrow spiteful, querulous, quarrelsome, peevish,

petulant, ill-tempered, morose, surly,

d£J. Sukuk (eg.) on credit
sullen, sulky, grumpy, unfriendly
•ib (Fr. eaejw) pl. d&Z check
*J&J> iakäaa malice, apite, queru-

üij£i btkrän) to thank lousness, peeviahness, petulance, ill-

»jSÜ fafctra u (JfuJfcr,

be temperedness, moroaeness, surliness,

(J or • s.o.,
J» or J or * for a.th.),
sullennesa, sulkineea, grumpiness, un-
thankful, grateful (J or • to s.o.,
J* or
to praise, laud, eztol friendliness ; rudeness
J or a for a.th.);

(J or . b.o.) |
4-Uj^iJ (yuikaru) worthy * <"i -*- - muiäkasa pl. -ät quarrel,
of thanka, deeerving acknowledgment, controveroy, dispute, wrangle ; plot,
meritorioua, praiseworthy V to thank conspiraoy; moroaeness, surliness, grum-
(» J s.o. for s.th.), be thankful, grateful piness; petulance, nagging, queruloua-
{* J to b.o. for s.th.) ness

j&. hikr pl. jj& Sukür thankfulness, ^SltS taiähu incongruity, absurdity
gratefulnesa, gratitude; thanks, acknowl-

edgment; praiae, laudation | <±M [£•* ^Sj^U and ^JjSCi look up alphabetically

hikran lata I thank you ! thanks

JS^l SaJcala u (Satt) to hobble (JI^UL »
~iij~- IjSCi *ßj> to expreas many thanka
an animal with the Sikäl, q.v.); to
tO 8.0.
vowel, point, provide with vowel points
<jßj. btkti of thanks, thanking (* a text); to be dubious, ambiguouä,
equivocal, vague, obscure, intricate,
ö[£z btkrän thankfulness, grate-

fulness, gratitude; thanks, aoknowl- difficult II = I; to shape, fashion, form,

edgment; praise, laudation

create, mold, organize, build up (* s.th.);

to diveraify, vary, variegate (* s.th.),

jjSJ- iakür very thankful to be
bring variety (* into s.th.) III

J?\J. fäkir thankful, grateful similar {*, * to s.o., to B.th.), re-

semble {*, * s.o., s.th.), be Iike s.o. or

jßlt* ffloifcflr worthy of thanka,
a.th. (*, •) IV to be dubious, ambiguouB,
deaerving acknowledgment, meritorioua,
equivocal, vague, obscure, intricate,
praiseworthy
s.o.) V to be formed,
difficult
(J» for
KjSiX Hkära pl. J&i- Sakä'ir* (eg.) sack, faahioned, ahaped, molded, oreated, or-
gunny sack ganized, built up, take form, take
shape; to be variegated, shaded, graded,
s jl^ä look up alphabetically
form various gradations; to materialize,
'ül^Sw look up alphabetically appear in visible form (J to s.o.) |

4&J JSCiJ (bi-Saklihi) to take on the

SJ. Aakuaa u (1-I&S iakäaa) and Sakisa a
lJ shape of b.o., aaaume the form of s.th.
(Sakaa) to be maliciouB, spiteful, queru-
X to regard as dubious (* s.th.); = IV
loua, quarrelsome, peevish, petulant, ill-

tempered, morose, surly, sollen, sulky, j£i Sakl pl. Jlfcil aikäl, 6JJ. sukül
grumpy, unfriendly III to pick a quarrel, similarity, resemblanoe, likeneas; outward

to quarrel (• with s.o.) VI to quarrel appearance, flgure, form, Bhape, build;

(with one another), be querulous, form of peroeption, perceptual form (as

quarrelsome, petulant ; to be incongruous opposed to matter or content; philoa.);

 ; ;; ;

483
P
type, cut, pattern; mode, manner; sort, iß^i- muikHa pl. -ät, JflL. mafäkiP
und, gpecimen ; JO vowelization, vowel- problem, unaolved question, issue; dif-
ing; ^Ci fonnally, in form |
-+lB^ilj j> fioulty
they and the like« of them
f-Z iahama u (iahm) to bridle (* an animal);
J£i &>JfcI» formal; pl. oUCi for- to bribe (* i.o.); to ailenoe, gag, muzzle
malitiea
(. a.o.)

O «JO iakliya formalism *^£Li iakima pl. ffc iakä'im*, Ci

JSli Hkl ooquetry, ooquettiahneaa Subum, -£i Sakim bit, ourb, snaffle,

ÜS-i Saküa
bridoon;(pl. jrMt) O brake (ofawheel);
ooquettiah woman, co-
unrulinesa, unyieldingneaa, obatinacy
quette, fliit
oontempt, disdain, aoorn { S*-SjlJI -u.l-

JSLi fofctt quarrelaome, peeviah stubborn, obstinate, unyielding; »_J

i*-£Lill qüwat ai-i. energy; i*Xil! jji
J5U JiidZ pl. -#, J£i fefcuZ fetter,
qawty ai-i. energetic, vigorous, aotive
bobble (for ahaekling the feet of a riding
animal) *& III to resemble (* s.th.), be like
s.th. (*)
J-&J tailcti pl. -dt forming, formation,
ahaping, molding, fashioning, oreation,
(j£j.) Ki iakd u {j& ialcw, j,j$J, Sakwä,
Organization, building up Order of march
;
•tCi iakäh, VGiZ, Mkdya, iXt iakiya)
(mil.); pl. 0">LSllj formationa; organiza-
to oomplain (j- or *, . of, about, J
tiona
or Jl to a.o. t > or * of or about s.th.),
iLSjLJ folHJa assortment, seleotion, make a oomplaint; to raiae or lodge a
variety; formation complaint (^ or *, * of, about or againat
iß Li* muSäkala s.o., J or Jl with s.o.); to suffer (* from
similarity, resem-
blance, likenees a.th.) V = I; VI to complain to one
another (* of, about a.th.) Till — I
JtCil iikäl dubiosity, ambiguity,
obscurity, vagueness
•j5li iakwa oomplaint, grievanoe;
(pl. ol^li iakawtU, .l£l Kkc?) small
JSLU taiäkvl similarity, resemblance akin (for water or milk)

Iß 15 Mkiia way , manner, mode iSj& Sakwä pl. jjbO Sakäwä oom-
(pl. Jf l^i iatCTÜi/1 ) flank, aide, groin plaint; acouaation; suffering, grievance
|

<ß Li
J* in the manner of, of the kind
of, like, |f
^U J» of their kind, like
• t£i iakäh
suffering, grievance
complaint ; accusation

them; «JTU J*.

uK" to be of the same
kind, of the same Btrain aa s.th. «;£-* iikäya complaint; accusation;
suffering, grievanoe
JCl* muiakkal different, diverse, mani-
fold, miaceUaneona, variegated ; vowel-
i-O iaktya complaint ; accusation
(iz)ed suffering, grievance

jCi* muihü turbid, murky (liquid);

•Ki iakkä* given to complaining,
dubioua, ambiguous, equivooal, obscure, querulous

vague, hazy; diffloult, intricate, in- • Ixl* miSkäh pl. C>ljt£i_« mükäwät,
volved, problematie; problem, unaolved maiäkin niche
iJLt-. (for a lamp); lamp,
queation, iaaue; difficolty pendent lamp
^
illi S&kin oomplainant, plaintiff | ^U hüaha a (foih) to take off {*AJ liydbakü
one's olothee); to shed the oloth (*),

renounoe the ministry (monk, priest) II to

(4^) _>S^- maiküw oomplained of,
undress, disrobe, strip (• s.o.); to rob,
acoused, oharged; an aoouaed, defendant
plunder (• s.o.)

,iki* muttakin oomplainant, plaintiff

«Li« maSlah pl. £LL. ma&Üik (*yr.,

4_L* Jil* muitojban 'aiaihi oomplained mjd.) long, flowing cloak of wool or
of, acoused, oharged; an aoouaed, de- oamel's hau*, also one with gold embroi-
fendant dery

Ijj jSw Hküriyd ohioory mJjJ taflih robbing, plundering,

robbery
tf'&Ci *»WWto (&/.)* ühSUUa (*yr.), chocolate
«Li« mviaUak dressing room (in a
^i^Li and Ji^ see oijf IS (alphabeti- publio bath)
cally)
J±U Salktia to dribble, triokle
Ji faüo a (&U, JÜ Salal) to dry up, wither,
beoome crippled, stunted; to be para- Uli JSüfa (razor) blade

lyzed, be lame; — Salla u to paralyze

\*jU Salaqa u (Saiq) to split lengthwise (*
(* B.th.) | cS> J-i (/wrafcjtaAfi) to
B.th.)
overwhelm s.o., bring s.o. down IV to
cause (a the hand) to wither; to paralyze jLi bale (e.g., of hay)

(* s.th.) ; to neutralize, bring to a stand-

1
JJp AiuZagt person with a sweet tooth
still (* s.th.) Tu to be paralyzed, be
lamed ijlj* look up alphabetioally

<ii Saüa destination (of a journey) 1

J_^i look up alphabetioally
Ali. hila pl. JU Hlal hank, skein (of
•L-t look up alphabetioally
yarn); ooil, spool; party, group

JLi Salal paralysis, palsy, para- jU (Engl.) £«» pl. -dt Shilling

lyzaüon (also flg.) |

JUU^I Jli 1. al-
jLi ültf pl. »*Ail oüd* oorpse (esp. one in a
aifäl, J-iÜI JUJI infantile paralysia,
(tifli)
State of deoay) ; severed member (of the
Poliomyelitis; tfjijö^l JUJt (ihtüdzl)
body) part torn
;
off, fragment remnant;

paralysis agitans, Parkinson's disease stump of a Umb

J-^Ll Saudi pl. -dt cataract, waterfall,
jl.l-S (Turk. eiW) SiUk (eg.) strawberries
rapid«
-J Samma (Ist pera. perf. iamimtu) a and
Jil olaü", f. .*£ JWW» withered,
(Ist pers. perf. Samamtu) u {Samm,
stunted (hand); paralyzed, lame; a
-r* JSamim) to smell, sniff (* s.th.);
paralytio
to snuff (* s.th.); to emanate, exude
J^li- maSUä paralyzed, lame
(ja from) | »Wl or j^-JI
^ (hawtfa)

^U «aia&I dandyish, foppish; dandy, fop; to get a breath of fresh air, take a walk;

(pal.) nice, handaome, beautiful — famma (Ist pers. perf. Samimtu) a

1
ktmam) to behave proudly or
(fj
X £Ü II to kiok haughtily, be proud, haughty, super-

öU fetta pl. -<K, C-U ülat mattress cilious n to give (* * s.o. s.th.) to smell,
 48S

let f. g.o.) smell (* s.th.) IV — II c^ samite a (^Ir- samt», Sir- jarndto)

T to savor the smeli of s.th. (*), sniff to rejoioe at the misfortune of s.o. (u),
(* s.th.) |
jU^I ^J3 to nose about gloat over s.o.'s (ij) mishaps, savor
for news VIII to smell, sniff (* s.th.); s.o.'s (i^i) bad luok II to disappoint (•
to gather, underetand (j- * s.th. from), s.o.) IV to cause s.o. (•) to take malioioua
read (j- * s.th. into) pleaeure in the mishaps of another
(v)
fi> Samm smelling; aense of smell, oL* Samät malioious joy, Schaden-
olfaotion | -—ill -i Egyptäan populär freude
holiday on the Monday following the
ij'ljr Samdta malioious joy, Schaden-
Greek Coptio Easter at the end of
freude, malioe
Maroh, in April or in early May
ö-U Sämü pl. £j\s- Summät, pl. f.
ir 1
Samma pinoh (of enoff); smell,
*i-*l^-i savdfntf1 enjoying another's mis-
odor; slight traoe of s.th., whiff
fortune, malioious, gloating

,y Sammt olfaotory
^r- Jamaj» a («am&, ^r- lumfl^) to be
-
Samam pride, haughtineas, super-
high, tall, lofty, tower up,
I»* loom (moun-
ciliousness
tain, building); to disdain
(J* s.th.),
plr" Sammäm pl. -ün (tobaooo) snuffer turn up one's nose
(J» at s.th.) üJb ij- |

(<*j'l or) (W-<j*/iAf, anfakü) to be arrogant,

pLf* Sammäm (coli.; n. nn. •) musk-
haughty, proud, supercilioua VI to be
melon, cantalonpe
high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom; to be
^il aSammß, f. .l> aamTOf 1 , pl.
*
boastful, put ou airs; to be proud, haugh-
Summ having a sensitive, or good, noee; ty, supercilious
supercilious,haughty; proud (in a
jfLlj taiämufr pride, haughtiness,
complimentary sense); highborn; most
arroganoe
honorable
£U Sämik pl. £r- JFummaj:, *l^i
plr'Vl al-iSmdm the pronnnciation
«ow«m#» high, tall, lofty, towering;
of u with a traoe of •', as rüdda for rudda,
and vice versa, qüla for qua (gram.)
proud, haughty, superoilious | «Ju^l >U
S. al-anf proud, haughty, supercilious,
Uli Sämma sense of smell, olfao- arrogant
tion
jfLü. mutaSämik high, tall, lofty,

r->
• maSmüm mosk towering; proud, haughty, supercilious;
towering in lofty heights
(jlr-) jlr-f «jma'ozza to oontract, get oon-
tracted, shrink; to shrink back, recoil i»-i- muimakirr lofty, towering (of building»
(> from), ahudder (j- at), abhor, detest

(^ s.th.), feel disgust (^ for), be nau-

/ nto gather up, lift, roll up, tuok up,
turn up (* a garment); to prepare, get
seated ( j- by)
ready j-^ X" *o embark upon s.th.,
I

jlj^rl

sion, repugnance
ümxzäx shudder; disgust, aver- buckle down to s.th.; »JcU j* ^ to
bare the upper arm (by rolling up the
>*-i* muSma*ixz disgusted, nauseated' sleeve), get to work; Ul o*U j* ^
revolted (^ by) (*. al>jidd) to buckle down to a Job,
rally all one's foroes, put one's Shoulder
UiLf (Fr.) sam&anyd ohampagne to the wheel V to set to work briskly
 486

je- Sarnar fennel (bot.)

responding to the sexton or saoristan
(Chr.); aoolyte and liturgioal oantor of
\Jr Sumra, Samrn fennel Christian rites (clerics and
Orients!
jlA jamdr fennel laymen)

^- *- mxtiammir busily at work in (an ^—U Sämis Bunny (day)

activity) *-
a , muhnia sunny (day)

£jj- bmrülf pl. £jLA famartj' BtaJk

~A SamSama to sniff (* s.th.)
with dato düster; date-palm panicle,

branch stripped of ite leaves; little stick; .LA famifa a (famof) to beoome gray-

detonator, primer cap haired, turn gray

LAl ahnaf, f. .ILA SamlS', pl. LA

jlAl see jtA
html, olLA Jumfän gray-haired

^.A Samam « (^A hkmüt, ^Lf Hmät)

wax
»A II to rub, or smear, with wax, to
to be headstrong, balky, restive (of a
^A (laOa) to slip away,
hone); —
iamata i u and famita a
(< s.th.)

absoond,
| 'AiÜ\

make off, deoamp

(lamat) to be aunny (day) II to expose
(» B.th.) to the sun, lay (» B.th.) out in
J- hm', iama' (coli.; n. un. •) pl.
the Bun to dry; to porform the office of »y tumü' wax; (wax) candles £~iü |

deaoon (Chr.) IV to be Bunny (day) jt-1\ sealing wax; ^'1 ^A I. al-fatm

V to bask, sun o.s., lie or sit in the sun do.; i~ij1\ jrJU ^A (li-lalmf al-

wax
^ 'I I
Samt
cjf
f., pl.

tarnt ai-i.
i^jA Hmüs
ecliptie
sun
(ostron.);
|
ardiya) Soor

taA iam'o, »amo'o (n. un.) (wax)

'I I ijji sunrise; ,^—SJI '".s*

4arbat oandte | O v[r& '*-'' *• aS-Sarira

al-l. aunstroke, heat prostration; iL* spark plug

'I I 'abbäd ai-f. sunflower; ^jji. *p iam'i, lama'i waxy, waxen,

w
*ll Bunset ceraceous, cero- (in Compounds), made

J t
ktrtuü aun- (in Compounds), of wax
tS
fl ^l nT : .»I I J>j jl*\ (gram.) the sun lettora «LA SammS ohandler, maker or
|

(which assimilato the l of the article); seller of oa n dles

S_A Sjj.» (f&ra) photograph, photo;
«elA SammSa clothes rack, clothes
^ .'II j.j-*1\ photogiaphy
peg, hat raok
L_A »aBHtyo pl. -öl (coüoq. ^lA imper-
r *- mufammo' waterproof,
iamäri) sunshade, parasol; umbrella;
meable (of a garment); — (pl. -*)
curtain, screen; stop (of a wind instru-
waterproof material; impregnated linen;
ment) llLHI V-A i. ai-Suboäk window
|
waterproof oover or coating; oilcloth,
curtain, drape; O jUJ' «r-A * at m

wax oloth; linoleum | Jü-i ö^jA c*^*

fayyär parachute bituminous roof eovering,
(li-t-mql)

^y- famüs pl. ^P lumtu head- roofing feit, tar paper; ^JL. .JiL».

strong, balky, restive (horse) (mi'faj) raincoat

j.\Jr iammäs pl. «_LA Samämita

jl.uA lam'atän pl. -ü, -LeUA kmXiP,
deacon of the lower rank of the ministry, Ijlskf' candlestiok, candelabrnm
nowadays, with unconsecrated peraonB
frequently performing this office, cor- j * look up alphabetically
 487

l
jr-
l
Samila a (famal) and Samala u (Samt, the left {pol); Jlr* Hmäia north of . . .;

Jjjr* $umül) to contain, comprise, Vir* JumUan to the left; northw&rd, to

comprehend, encloae (* a.th.); to imply, the north | J^S JLr- (Sarqi) northeaat;
implicate, include (* s.th.); to touoh, af- J> Jlr 1

tforM) northweet; J^iJI ^Sf

fect, fill, overcome, pervade (*, * s.o., kaxücab ai4. polar atar; J^JÜl xJl (yad)
s.th., of feelings, einotions); to prevail, the left hand
be general, universal | cLu 4ir* (6t-
Jlr* forndti, Hmält northern, northerly,
'inäyatihi) to bestow one's care on north; situated on the left; ü>J^iJl the
s.o., take s.o. under one's wing T J*±J leftist parties (pol.) J^Jjl j^jjl (fa/oj)
|

<L-iJIj to wrap o.a. in the Samta (q.v.)

aurora borealis, northern lights
VIII = V; to wrap o.s. (*, (_. in a.th.);
to contain, comprise, comprehend, en- 'dj-r htmlül pl JJL> SamOii? amall
close, enfold, imply, implicate, include amount, small quantity; (eg.) iamiüt —
was brisk, vivid, agile, lively, nimble
(Jp s.th.) | il^-Jl *Liil (aawädu) it

completely black 4
*1*JU, ^UjL. look up alphabetioally
J*-i fand uniting, gathering, concen-
j.U*i iamanoar white beet t ohard
tration ; unity, union | J—1JI *j*t 7'am' ai-i.

reonion, reunification ; J-iJI f-^*-l reun- •jjJ^f Samandüra buoy

ion ; unity, union ; tLr* j^ nuizzaga iamia* J
ji fonna u (Jbnn): «jU ji (0<Jratan) to
hü to break up, dismember, dismantle,
make a raid, an invaaion; to make an
parcel s.th.; to partition e.th., divide
attack, launch an attack (J* againat,
s.th. up
on) IV = 1

ilr* Samia pl. iamalät cloak; turban | jt Sann pl. Ü^S lunün (water)skin
ilr* aI ttfflflui famtata the world, the
i-i* mtianna basket without handles
temporal joys

famd***1 (pl.) good qualities;

ütiil look up alphabetioally
J?l£
character, nature
Li Sana'a a (uLt San' an, Santfän) to hate

Jr-1 ahnaP more comprehenaive;

._~i-i Janao pl. i_jLi( ain£6 mustaohe
more general, more universal
öUii iinftydn pl. >JLi jandttn* loose
J*U üdmü comprebenaive, ezhauative;
general, universal, complete, total
trousers resembling pantalets, worn by
women
J^-l* maimöi contained, compriaed,
included, implied |
ol#/, Jj*i* (6i- -li fanija a (Sanaj) to contract, shrink; to
rt'dSyaltAi) enjoying the protection or suffer from convulsions V = I; to

patronage of s.o. ; UJ^tl oVj*i- the in- twibch

herent functiona of an offlce tafannuj contraction, shriveling,
P~3
J*iJL- mu&iniü comprising, contain- ahrinking (of the Bkin); convulaire
ing, including s.th.) contraction. (of a muscle), twitch, jerk,
(J*
convulsion, spaam, fit, cramp ^JtXll
J*ii* mu&wnai cottage (for rent) |

t^ß (ra'H) clonio spaam; tfjjjSOI p^ilfl

^^U^i- muStamaldt content« (kuzäzi) tonio spaam

'Jlr- Jamal, ItmäZ north; north wind; &* ^lU

|
taSannuji spastic, Bpasmodio,
mä/ left hand; left aide; left; J^JI cramplike, paroxysmal, convulsiva
liji^J- Sunfeüba pl. «-^l^ Sanä&b 1 large Jet II üli^l J*ii (ti^Sna) to please the

rock, boulder ears, to delight (of a voice)

jU II to blame, censure, revile, Blander, Jc-t Sanf pl. JßyJ- Sunüf earring

abuse (J* s.o.)

Jii sanoga u (fang) to hang (* a.th., • s.o.

jLi Janär disgrace, ignominy on the gaüows)

i5jlii AwmIWj* = Jjt^i Äarflntg 1 Jii iong hanging

i-Üi Saniana rustling (of paper) ; cracking, jii Jana? rope

crackling Uli« mtfnaga pl. Jjli- ma&ni?3

4-il£ JtnÜna pl. j»-Li JawUin' nature, gallows, gibbet; scaffold, plaoe of exe*

disposition; habit, custom, practica cution (by hanging); maSnaqa gallows,

gibbet
1
«L-i-i Sunaifa knot; nooee, loop
JjlL> maSnüq hanged
ik-J Jan^a pl. .L-S Junaf suitcase; satahel;
bag, traveling bag xJI Jl^-i #. aJ-ytuf «_JL£ Sunqub becassine, snipe (zool.)
j

handbag
j£ii janfcola (ey.) to trip (• s.o.) up; to
£-- Sanua u (Ajbo', !*Li iand'a) to be ugly, hook up
abominable, repugrsnt, repulaive, atro- JSCi-t Sankal pl. jTLi Amo^ü* olothea
cious, hideous, horrid, horrible, dis-
peg; hook
graceful; — Sana'a a {San'} to dishonor,

disgrace (v or • b,o.) II to calumniate, ^J Sanhaqa to bray (donkey)*

Blander, revile, defame (J# s.o.); to
up|-t &xAa£ gray oolor, gray
pillory, expose, condemn, denounce (J*
i-4-t £uA&a gray oolor, gray
s.o., s.th.)

*Li. Sani' ugly, abominable, repug- i-jl+i AAd6 pl. u-^-i JruAuA, jL+i
nant, repulaive, diBgusting, atrocions, JFuAMn flame, blaze, fire; shooting star,

bideouB, horrid, horrible, disgraoeful, luminous meteor; star

ignominious

ltcJ> Sun'a uglinesa, hideousneaa, hor- Svhh

^«il alhab*,
gray; »L^JJl
f. ,\tfZ faabd'», pl.
epithet of
^
Aleppo
ridnesa, repuleivenesa (Syria)

»JLi San? ugly, abominable, re- X+Z Sahida a (i^ SvhUd) to witness (*
pugnant, repulaive, disgusting, atro- s.th.), be witness (* of B.th.); to ex-
doua, hideous, horrid, horrible, dis- perienoe personally {* s.th.)» see with
graceful, ignominious one's own eyes (* s.o. in a Situation);

<*Li Sana'a uglinesa, hideousness, to be preaent (* at), attend (* a

horridness, repulsiveness celebration); to be present at the public

appearanoe of s.o. (•); to see {* s.th.);
aan'o? 1 ugly,
»lil aSna'*,

abominable, repugnant,
f. »l*Li

repulaive, dia-
— (ol+l Sahäda) to testify, bear witness;
to attest, oonfirm, certify {*-> s.th.,
gusting, atrocious, hideous, horrid, hor-
ül that), testify, give testimony, give
rible, disgraceful, ignominious
evidence (J* against s.o., to or about
*ij*J- foinfäba pl. v-iLi Sanatfib* spicate s.th., J in a.o.'s favor); to sign as a

protuberance; thorn, spike witness, to witness (J* a document);

 489

to aoknowledge, adjudge (^ J to s.o., place where a martyr or hero died;

s.th.) iiU i+i to swear by God; Ljy\i i+i religious shrine venerated
|
by the people,
to notarize III to see (with one's own esp. the tomb of a saint; funeral cortege;
eyes), view, ixupeot, watoh, observe, proceesion; view, aspect, speotacle, sight,
witness (* s.th.) IV to oall (. upon s.o.) soenery; place or object of interest;
as a witness J* for s.th.); paaa. uShida to scene (e.g., of a orime, of nature); aot,
(

be martyred, die as a martyr X to call number (as part of a program, e.g., in

(• or *_* upon s.o.) or cite {• or ^ s.o.) vaudevüle), scene (in theater, as part
as witness j
(J* against or for, in); of a play); aspect |
Jbi x*l* (giniCi)
to oite, quote v s.th.); to atteet (e.g., song scene, vooal recital;
( :U.| -Uli*
i^-w UT J*. Je 'alä ma'nä kaiimatin m. al-hay&h aapects of life
bi-baitin the meaning of a word by a
#a»Li- muSahada seeing, viewing, wit-
verse); pass. ustuihida to be martyred,
nessing, inspection; (pl. -äl) view, sight,
die as a martyr
spectacle; apparition, vision
-i^-i 8ahd, hthd pl. >[+Z A'A&i honey;
honeyoomb il#-5l iihäd pl. -öl written oertification

•-L^-i AzAtfti carbunole > istühäd

U" '"^ citation, quotation;
0-4-i ioAld pl. »la^i JuAa<&S' B witness; death of a martyr; death of a hero,
martyr, one küied in battle with the heroio death; martyrdom
infidels; one killed in aotton -uU Sähid pl. ^i fodiüd, x^i.

••L+£ Sakida (woman) martyr SuhHad present; — (pl. j^i Suhüd, il+il

olfi ioA&ia pl. -ät testimony, witness,

aShäd) witness
(J* for); notary pubüo; —
(pl. a»[^i Sawähid*) (piece of) evidence
evidenoe, deposition; Statement; certif-
icate, certification, testimonial, affldavit (J* for); attestation; quotation serving
as textual evidence; testimony; an ob-
attestation, atteet; credentials, identi-
long, upright tombstone oL'Vi -uli i. al-
fioation; (Muslim) oreed (= doctrinal
|

ifbät witness for the prosecution ; n„..'l 4*U

formula); martyrdom | oLi^l ol+i L
i. as-sam* earwitness; ,>JI 4*U I. al-
ai-iibät evidence for the prosecution;
'a\n, ÖL* o*U L 'iyän jL* a»U ft'yäm)
i}jLJ\j j^Jl ^-
4
ol^i (£, hu«n as~
eyewitness; JJl -i*li I. an-nafy witness
sair) certificate of good conduct; öl+i
for the defense; il#-i^l
J-Ji jp ÖJJI _^U- S, kulüw af-faraf 'an
^jjj J*. in public,
for everyone to see
ü-'amal certificate of discharge (from
a position); i^Jlill i^ljjjl ol^i (föTio- J-LkU Sähida pl. a*lp Sawähid* an
wiyo) secondary school diploma; jjj ».il^ oblong, upright tombstone; index finger;
£. 2«r false testimony; IiLj»i Sil^i true copy, oopy of a letter, duplicate;
J*
indirect testimony (7*1. Zaw) ; öLi JoaLUI the Earth
S-1U1 1. oJ-'dZtmfyo (.ffp.) diploma of
^4^- moiAüd taking place in the
higher learning (highest diploma a-
preeenoe of spectators or witnesses;
warded by AI Azhar Univeraity); öl+i
happening before a large audience, well-
SJU ('äliya) diploma; JJI öLji J.
attended ; memorable (day, event) I
an-nafy evidence for the defense; öl^i
o^l birth certificate
iH^' {A-M 0*"») in the act, redhanded,
,

flagrante delicto | i^l .^J| (yaum)

•4^* maShad pl. j>UL- fna&AuP the Day of Resurrection; red-letter day,
place of assembly, assembly, meeting; festive public holiday
 490

j*li* muäähid pl. -ün spectator, *j+Z hthra repute, reputation, re-

onlooker, observer nown, fame, famousness, celebrity; noto-

riety; Burname {8yr., Leb.) |

5-1U lj+Z
j>LL- muSähad visible, perceptible;
('älamiya) world-wide renown, world-wide
pl. ^li*Ll* things seen, Bighta; visible
fame
things

s+Z Sahir widely known, well-known,

j^ Sahara a (Sahr) to make well-known,
famous, renowned, celebrated (<-> by a
famous, renowned, notorious (*, * b.o.,
name); notoriouB, ill-reputed
s.th.); to Bpread, make known, divulge,

proclaim, announee (* s.th.); to draw, j+i\ aShar* better known, more widely
unsheathe (* a weapon); pass. Suhira known
to be or become well-known, famed,
•^Li* mttSdhara pl. -ät monthly
famous, renowned, notorious (t~> by or
salary; pl. monthly payments, monthly
for s.th. respectively, by or under a
allowances; muSäharatan monthly, per
name) | *J* «-».A'^ <**"*) to declare
month, by the month
war on s.o.; *JxJ\ j+Z (bunduqiya) to
level a gun (J* at s.o.) II to make well- jl|-M iSHär announcement, prochv
known, famous, renowned, notorious mation, declaration public aales, auetion
;

(m, • s.o., s.th.); to spread, make known, publioity, advertiaing |

^-tAi^/l jLj-il *. al-

divulge, proclaim, announee (* s.th.); to ifläs notice of bankruptey, declaration of

defame, Blander, revile publicly, pillory, insolvency
condemn, denounce ( • s.o.) III to
jL^iil iStihär repute, reputation, renown,
engage or hire (• s.o.) on a monthly
fame, famousness, celebrity; notoriety
basis, rent (* s.th.) by tbe month
IV to make known, proclaim, announee, jj(--' ma&hür pl. j^*LL* ma&dhir* well-
spread, divulge (* s.th.); to unsheathe, known, widely known, renowned, famous,
draw (* a weapon); to seil at auetion, celebrated; notorious, ill-reputed; wide-
also iljll _^il (matäda) | »^ ^ *!> j*^ spread, common; a famous, celebrated
(mazäda bai*i S.) to auotion s.th. off, personality, a celebrity; aoeepted, estab-
put s.th. up at auetion VIII to be or liahed, canonical (textual variant, version

beoome well-known, famed, famous, of the Koran) |

jj+ZÜ J* aooording to
renowned, notorious by or for B.th. (t-j the general belief, as it is (was) generally
respectively, by or under a name); to understood
be known (j* of s.o., a trait, and the
common
^jV muSahhar well-known, widely
like); to be widespread,
known, renowned, famous, celebrated
j+Z Sahr pl. _*il aShur, jj+Z Suhür notorious, ill-reputed
new moon; month |
J-Jl j+2- S. al-'asal

honeymoon j^i Sahaga a i ( J^A Sahiq) to bray (donkey)

^_^i Sahri monthly, mensal; ^.j^

— Sahaqa a i and Sahiqa a (J^ Sahiq,

Jl^i Suhäq, Jl+±J taShäq) to inhale;

Sahriyan monthly, per month, by the
to sigh deeply; to eob, gulp; to moan,
month |
j_^i ill^il monthly sub-
groan IV »cnJU j^tl (bi-Ubukä') to burst
scription; monthly fee or contribution
-' fortnightly, into tears, break out into loud weeping
jjl^i i_' niffu Sahriyin

semimonthly, appearing biweekly 4j+l Sdhqa moan(ing), groan(ing);

*ij+Z Sahrlya monthly salary gulping

 ;

401
vr-

J-+* iahlq braying, brays (of a donkey) ul^i Sahwän*, f. ^^ SaJiwd, pl.
sobbing, sota; aigbing, signs; inhalation, tfjl^-i iaJidwä oovetous, greedy; lewd,
breatbing in leoherous, lasoivious, Ubidtnous, dissolnte,
debauohed
J»U isXiq pl. j*!^i faudAt?1 high,
lofty, towering (building, mountain) Jl^i tahtoSni oovetous, greedy; lewd,
|

,>Lijie {'«Jflw») tremendous height leoherous, lascivious, Ubidtnous, dissolute,

debauohed; sensual, sensuous, lustful,
J»l^t AjudAig* heights
instinotual, uninhibited

J^i II to accelerate, speed up, expedite

{* s.th.); to remove quiokly, huiry off
^ iahly pleasant,
sirable; appetizing, inviting, tasty
agreeable, de-

(. S.O.)
«-4-t Sahiya appetite | 4-+-JI f\i or
J+i ÜoAtf nimble, swift, quick L4IJI -oi L (yaftahu) stimulating the
appetite, appetizing; <*LUI -~*--JI *Jj
<Lf^ £uA2a bluish-black oolor of the eye«
qiiiat ai-S. H-Ha'äm want of appetite
J+il oJÄaP, f. .^1 ioAM'» having
*£j taiahhin greed, avidity, oupidity,
bluish-black eyea
oraving, desire
«4-t £zAm pl . * L^i Hhäm perspioaoious, «L^iil iftihtf greed, oraving, desire, ar-
sagaoious, astute, clever; bold, audacious
dent wish, longing, yearning, eagerness,
energetio; noble, gallant, decent; gentle-
pasaion, oarnal appetite, lust; appetite
man
«JU muiahhin stimulating the appe-
<*L^i idhäma perspioaoity, sagacity,
tite, appetizing; oL+JL. appetizers, rel-
astuteness, cleverness; audacity, bold* ishes, hors d'oeuvres
ness, gallantry, noble- mindedness; energy,

vigor, verve; decenoy, respeotability

*i±* muÜahin oovetous, greedy, avid,
oraving, desirous, lustful
J**Li pl. ir^ji- look up alphabetioally
lS
&l* muSiaJuin deairable; desired,

(j^i> and ^) 1^1 JfaJtd u and ^ kxhiya a weloome, agreeable, pleasant; (pl. ' <it
-*-

(*^i iahwa) to desire, wish, oovet,

mukahayät) that whioh is ooveted,

crave (* long (* for objeot of desire

s.th.), s.th.) II to
make oovetous, fill with desire, allure, *U AT (coli.; n. un. ;U idh) pl. .1^5 Siwä\,
entioe to arouse greed, desire,
{« s.o.);
Li Siyäh sheep; ewe
appetite {» in s.o., * for a.th.); to whet
the appetite, be appetizing (food) V and Jl^i biiocti, Hxoöl pl. -<U (large) aagk
Till to be oovetous, greedy, to long (*
for s.th.), arave, desire, wish (* s.th.),
H^ji) v -1
1
**&*» « (*"*&, vW 1 *>*) to
mix, blend (<_> * s.th. with); to adulterate,
feel appetite {* for s.th.) ^-i ^ | *^ vitiate, oontaminate, spoil, corrupt, pol-
{yuftdhä) an undesirable thing
lute, tarnish, sully, stain, Spot {* s.th.);
•^4-1 Sahwa pl. SaMawät greed, oraving, to mix, blend, intermix {* with) | <j>Ü ^
desire, ardent wish, longing, yearning, *J\i blameless, flawless, unblemished,
eagernesa, passion, oarnal appetite, lust; immaoulate
appetite
Vj-* Saub mixture; tarnishing, sul-
ifj+i> Sahwi sensual, sensuous, lustful, lying, roiling, rendering turbid; im*
instinotual, uninhibited pairment, blemish, flaw; hot wind
<^>y 492

SJli kfiba pL ^S\ji iaiaTib* dirt, jjjj Hrä consultation, deliberation,

suis, spot, flaw, blemish, defeot, fault; taking oounsel; oounsel; advice |
jjjt

suspiaion, reuon for suspiaion, suspl- ^fjjJÜl majlü ai-i. and Ujill iSJj* jAjL

oioos faot m. i. d-daula State oounoil

«jji. fflaMi mized; adulterated, vi- ifjjZ iürl oonsultative, advisory

tiated ry^i l vj^* troubled with worriea maiävXr'
|
jj^L. milwär pl. _rjLi»

üU look up alphabetioally errand; O stroke (of an internal- com-

bustion engine; fecAn.) f
j|>!ll jUJ Üjt-
jil^S AaudMgf* rolling pin
jfcjj foufae; pl.
mutarrik JuttA*! l-m. two-oyole engine;

iLji Saubat pl. .iLl^i fatnJMf rolling pin

jljiit t/^J Üj* (ruba*i l-m.) four-oyole

engine
YjJ II (ep.) to grill, broil, roast (» s.th.)
IjjJL* mahoara, maSüra pl. -ät oon-

'ryi füh (ooll.; n. un. •) fir, sapin sultation, deliberation, oonferenoe; ooun-

sel, advice, Suggestion

•VjJ ttha kite (lool.)
•jjLl. muiawara pl. -ät consultation,

««~li.see £i deliberation, oonferenoe

jj^ II to make a sign, beckon, Signal, wink, •jlil ifära pl. -ät sign, motion, nod,

blink (
Jl to s.o.) ; to point out ( Jl s.th.), wink, wave; gesture; Signal; indication;
point (Jl at) m to ask s.o. 's (•) advice, allusion, hint, intimation; symbolio ez-

seek s.o.'» (•) advice, oonsult (. s.o.); pression; (silent) reminder; advice,

to oonsult, take oounsel (• with s.o.), oounsel, Suggestion; Instruction, order,

<_i jjli (naftahü) to take oounsel with oommand | <ij \j\2-\ (barqlya) telegram,

o.s., refleot, bethink o.s. IT to make a wire, dispatoh, oable(gram); vl^ *J^"'

sign, beokon, Signal, wink, blink (J or Jl telegram, wire; jU-'l yül t. al-ifafar

to s.o.), motion (J or Jl s.o., u lo do air-raid waming, alert; .. ,1 « I I yl£l

s.th.); to ask, invite, arge (Jl s.o.); to sign of the oross {Chr.); cJJ\ Ja_« »jlSl

point, allude (Jl to), hint (Jl at), indi- >. </ail al-waqt (radio) time Signal;

oate, point out (J» or Jl s.th.), call s.o.'s iSL.'i !>UI (lä-tilktya) radio message;

(J) attention to (J»); to advise (v J» oljli^l iL* mahaUat al-i. signal post;

s.o. of s.th., Ol J» s.o. to do s.th.), sug- ijli^l -.1 um ai-i. demonstrative

pronoun; SjUVI ol.u-j unAaddt oj-».
gest (^ J» to s.o. s.th., jl J» to s.o. to
dos.th.), oommand, Order jl or _* J» s.o. signal-oorps Units (mtl.); <&l£l ^*j
to do s.th.) ; to State, indioate (v s.th.) L. |
(raAna) at s.o. 's beok and oall, at s.o.'s

uLJL. *JI jlij {yuiäru, band*) that whioh duposal

is pointed at with the finger Ups, i.e., jjUI t&Iri (mtl.) signalman, member
s.th. very remarkable, s.th. outetand- of the Signal oorps (Eg. 1939)
ing; J>J» jLtl L. (bi-larfln) he did not
j>.jUI iiargi (mü.) signalman, member
bat an eye VI to take oounsel, delib*
of the Signal oorps {Eg.)
erate, oonsult (j £• with s.o. about)
X to ask for advice (. s.o.), take oounsel jjlU taSäwur Joint consultation, de-

(• with s.o.), oonsult (• s.o.) liberation (£• with)

ijlS Ura pl. -ät sign, token, distin- •jllL.1 wlWära pl. -St a seeking of
guishing mark, badge; guise, outward advice, oonsultation ; guidance, advioe

appearanoe -'I 5jL2 sign of the oroas (one reoeives)

| J
 : ;

493
J*
^jLüJ istifäri consultative, advisory ^\ji- Saudi confuaion, muddle, (stste
of) disorder, disturbance, derangement
jjUl. muSäwar adviser, oounselor, oon-
(e.g., of the mind)
sultant
^\ji- SavrwäM pl. Lil^i SawwäHya
j^l* muHr indioative (Jl of); adviser,
a maker of S&Siya's (see above)
oounMlor, Consultant; field manhal (8g.;
It. 1933); Fleet Admiral (Eg. 1939) ^Ij^J tahvti confuaion, confounding,
muddling ; disturbance, derangement
*JI jUil al-muSär iiaihi the afore-
ailment
mentioned, the aforesaid, the said
ijijZ* mukmwai muddled, jumbled,
j l.M—» musteior ad viaer, counselor,
befuddled, confused ; disturbed, de-
Consultant, oounoilor ; chancellor ; approx.
ranged (e.g., of a sensorial function);
justice (title; Eg.) |
ylLJI jLii-. oounselor
ailing, ill
|
ßJü\ ^^i. m. al-fikr bewildered,
of embaasy; i.^äll jLil—. m. al-mufaw
confused, baffled
wa4%ya oounselor of legation

3j jlil_ll jIa dar ai-miMteidrfya offlce

•(jljLt pl'
cr!>^ look up alphabetioally

of the chancellor, ohancellery

'^ijjU look up alphabetioally

'vjj^ Saurab fiyoatcher {zool.)

Jhtibarak (eg.) small pastry stuffed with
Üjty
meat and served with milk rice
*i j>i Joria (eg-), iöraba (syr.) and L jji soup
iy-t Sauf pl. J»l^l aSwäf race to a goal;
•lyj-t (Engl.) fort short, short feature (mo-
State, phase; round, game, half, oourse
tion piotures)
(in Sports and games); goal, aim | «LS
<*jj^ Sawurma see lyjli (alphabetioally) (Jj\) (XÜl j (Ijuu) IjjJT ll^i (taqaddum,
ruqiy) and ILI^I Jj\ ül.U j «L»
^j^\ aSwaf, f. .L-y Iniad*', pl. ^y, 4fß>,
(maiddni r-rwfiy) to make good progreas
,^-jLil aidww* proud; bold, audacious, or headway, advance in great strides,
daring, venturesome | v^' er-*** '• iwU ILj^il «Li do. ; ILl^il «ji (yo^
oi-Aarb war heroes füquhü) he surpasses him by far
1
rj^
L
II to muddle, confuse, confound, J»l^-1 Suwdf fiame; Are, fervor, ardor, passion
jumble (* s.th.), disturb (J* or * s.th.), 1
J»j^ II to polish (* s.th.); to adorn, deck
complicate (* s.th.) V to be confused,
confounded, muddled, jumbled, deranged, out (U a woman) T to look out expeot-

disturbed; to feel indisposed, be antly, longingly (Jl for), look forward

ill

(Jl to)» expeot, antioipate (Jl s.th.)

,jt L5 Säi muslin ; white cloth
J»j-1 Sauf harrow
UU iäia white cloth; UUJI ai-SäJSa
and *1—i_JI lMti\ (baüjd') (motion picture) tj»jjj| ai-Süf name of an adminis.
screen trative diatrict of Lebanon

3-JU ÄÜtya, S&Hya pl. ^I^i foudft üj-i fou/a (eoüoj.) sight, speotacle, view
a kind of headgear, cap, skulloap CAiji &/dn oats
^jX SüS Maria Theresa dollar (N tjd)
( Jj-i) Jtt ütya u (lauf) to please, delight
i-j-i A2& tuft of hair, lock; creat (of (• s.o.), give joy (• to s.o.); to fill (•
birda) s.o.) with longing, oraving, desire.
 494
*>*

arouae longing, craving, desire (• ia spur (of a rooater); fork; fishbone; furor
i.o.) IT to All (• s.o.) with longing, of fighting, bravura, bravery, valor,

craving, desire, arouae longing, craving, verve, dash, elan; might, power

desire (* in s.o.) V and VIII to long,

Sy- Sauki thorny, spiky, priokly,
yearn (Jl or *, * for), crave, oovet, &JÜt jdl («») fruit of
spiny; spinal j

desire ardently (Jl or > s.th.) the Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica

J^- Saug pl. Jlpl ahoäq longing, yearn- Haw.; 60*.); $j2Ü JJ-I (habl) apinal
ing, craving, desire, wish cord; *Jd\ *&Ü ^^ {hummä,mul&iya)
oerebroBpinal meningitia (med.); j_j*JI
J_£ Sayyiq longing, yearning, craving» baok-
j^Jjl ('amüS) vertebral oolumn,
desirona, oovetoue brilliant, gorgeous,
;

bone; spine; Sj^ £}*^' (%*&**) spinal

splendid
oord
Ji>Jj taJkoiq arouBing of desire, of
i]ji. Sawik thorny, spiky, prickly,
longing; faacination, thrilling, awaken-
spiny
ing of ezoitement, of eagerneas
dlflfi AT»* thorny, spiky, priokly,
J^JLI taiawumq longing, yearning,
spiny; delioate, ticklish, critioal, difft-
desire, inolination, craving, eagemeas
oult |
iUU dL (sük) pl. &*U ii-aU»

jLLil iMiyüq longing, yearning, desire, barbed wire

inolination, craving, eagerneas
ii[£j* Saukar&n poiaon hemlook (Conium
j!U i&'iq arousing longing, atimu- maculatum; bot,)
lating desire ; brilliant, gorgeous, splendid,

beautiful ^JP) JU ÜÜa u (iaul) to rise, be raißed,

elevated; to raiae, lift (* or <-> s.th.); to
JjJL* muiaw%oiq arouaing desire or
carry (iory a.th.) |
«uIm cJU (na'dmo*
longing; thrilling, exciting, fasoinating,
tuhü) he went away, departed; he died,
absorbing, stimulating, atirring, attrac-
beoome
ti ve, interesting ; — muiaunoaq filled
be is dead II to

supply III
sparte, soaroe,
to attaok, assaU
short in
with longing (Jl for), desiroos, covetoua
(• s.o.) IT to raise, lift (* s.th.); to carry
(Jlof)
(* B.th.)
Jlil« muMaq longing, yearning, crav-
Jji iawü nimble, adroit, swift, quick,
ing, desiroua, covetoua
expeditious (at work)

(iljty ilLt Säka u (Sauk) to sting, prick, hurt, Jip Sawtoäl pl. -dt ^Jji äatväwiP,
injure, pieroe (<-* • s.o. with a thorn, a also Ji^lli Shawwal, name of the tenth
needle, and the like) II to be thorny; to month of the Muslim year
stud (* B.th.) with thorna or apikes; to
JLl* maiOl oarrying, carriage, oon-
ating, prick, hurt, injure, pieroe (y *
veyanoe, transportation (of loads) ; por-
s.o. with a thorn, with a needle) IT to
terage, oarrving ohargea
ating, prick, hurt, injure

il^Ä jaufc (ooll.; n. un. :) pl. iJJpl

a
JU pL J-^Li look up alphabetioally

a&wdk thorns, spikes, prioka, prickles,

*^\ji look up alphabetioally
Bpines; flahbone; forka |
iJjJjl
J» on
Sautaqt person with a sweet tooth
tenterhooks, on pins and needles Jjp
iS^i iauha (n. un.) thorn, spike, prick, Iji. Saulam darnel (Lolium temulentum;
prickle, spine, ating, point; tine, prong; bot.); a variety of vetoh
 496 Li

^LiJI, t/Li pl. #l^i, -.ji. 866 pli **!>- pl* °f *L- Bee *ji>

'i-^i Stoma stick, oudgel tSjt Saua % (ji Sayy) to broil, grill, roast
(a meat)
ü^ II to garner, atore (* e. th., esp. grain)
*\jX iiuxS*, fuwa broiled, or grilled,
*j^i iffijta pl. -eU, ö_^ Juwan (<£.)
meat, and the like jj^JI ,lp j. aa-
storehouae, granary, ahed, barn |

aujuq grilled sauaagea

)-tijZ Sawandar white beet, chard ^ji- ktwiy broiled, grilled, roasted

1
*ji iawiha o (JawoA) and »Li AäAo u (ij-t • t^i jfawäh pl. tfjZ. iatoan aoalp
iauA) to be or become ugly, miashapen,
"<Afi iawxoäya gridiron, grill
deformed, defaced, diafigured, distorted,
malformed 1\jLa miiwäh pl. jLl* maiäwin gridiron,
II to diafigure, deform»
grill
defaoe, diatort, mar, mutilate {* s.o.,

* s.th., esp. the face); to revile, Blander,

tfisee^t
defame (» s.o.); to jam (l*lil a broad-
caat)

the
|
UJU-
truth ;
1 **-j »ji {wajha l-h.) to distort 'v*> oL- aee ^
*zjJ*j **-j »j-- to diagrace
(Li) »Li Sä'a o (i^i. moii'a) to want; to
one's profession V == I
wiah (* s.th., öl that) | -il .Li 61 (in)
*ji. ktwah uglinesa, misshapenness, God willing; it ia to be hoped; I (vre)
malibrmation, deformity, diangurement, hope so; 4)1 »Li U whatever (howaoever,
distortion, perveraion how long aoever) God intend (used to
expresa an indefinite quantity, amount,
•ji\ ahvdh*, f. »Up Sauhä'*, pl. •

Süh miashapen,
number, or period of time); various,
malformed, ugly, dia-

figured, deformed, diafeatured, defaced

sundry, all kinds of, God knows what;
distorted, perverted
also, exclamation of aurprise: amazing!
that'e right! good! bravo! 4il »Li L. Jl
<lj^i ta&wih deformation, disfig- forever and ever, for all time and time
urement, defacement, mutilation ; def- to come; »Li
j-iii)l *J L. jiJ (laffaga,
amation; crippledness Uüfiqu) to fabticate the most outrageous
lies
•jJtj ta&awwuh uglinesa, misshapennesa,
malformation, deformity, disfigurement, »<ji jfai' pl. »Li! aiya* thing; aome-
distortion, perveraion thing; (with neg.) nothing |
. . . ^, »^
Saih misshapen, malformed, ugly,
<*Li aome, a little, a certain (amount of), a
disfigured, deformed, diafeatured, de considerable . . .; i»LUI ^ ,^i (nodfty)

faced; distorted, perverted aome activity; jUJl j* »^ (qalaq) aome

•ji. muHawwah diafigured, defaced

uneasinesa, aome anxiety; ^ »^ üj^
deformed; mutilated, maimed; misshap
^1 (jahd) without any effort at all;

en, malformed, ugly; distorted, pervert

j»-* *tj-
iJ'Jj

that are two entirely different

^ li* (ä^or) thia and
thiuga
ed |
i_jjJ-l »jJL- m. al-harb diaabled (in
(or mattere); »^ ^.Vl j there ia a.th.
aotive aervice) ; diaabled veteran
wrong, there is a fly in the ointment;
'•Li look up alphabetioally *<j-" o**i bv'üa SS. to a oertain extent,
a little, aomewhat; »^j, »^ J in nega-
•Li (n. un.) see **1 tive aentencea: not in any way; in no
 . ; ;

b
way, by no means, not at all, not in the <»Lt look up aiphabetioally

least; ,> jiS' *& J* very, extremely,

C*jJ> Sit pl. Cjtf^-i fuyütät chintz, printed
e.g., iULJI ^ J? *J > t
6™**1 )
oalioo (eg.)
very simple; j&>\ *^1\ the most; 4~Jl

^> »^ (afbahu JfaCin) very much like . .

. "^ II (tan.) to dry, blot (* s.th.) IV to
»ji Jm li-i or liil» ÜU-i (fa-Sai'an) turn away, avert (.-> the eyes, one's

bit by bit, one after the other, by and face, j» from)

by. gradually; #ji ^ lä-iai' a nothing, -Li Sayyäh blotting paper
nil, nonentity; nothing (in Sport scoring);
•^^Jl the nothing ; »^ V lä-Sai'a
8 ~~S AA an oriental variety of wormwood
nothing (aa objeot) j*-JI »,yJI j* . .
*!/ (bot.)
;

(Saint S-fai'i l-yartr) only very little;

i* ü nothing, it is of no oonae-
(£~S) ^U &&a » (^ SayaJp, *^-i hiyfya,
*i5^ u*4 grow to
quence; »iJli ^» »^i j ii» ^ this haa
**-ji*~ Sai]fü$a)

attain a venerable age

to age, old;

absolutely nothing to do with that

^i Saijf pl. £j-i &*yü£, ^Lil oiydÄ:,
J-i lot'l objeotive, factual : -.-- maiyaha, £li» maMyi}?, £lL*
Vj*N lä-&aCiya nonexistence, noth- ma&TiP an elderly, venerable gentleman;
ingness, nihility, nullity old man; eider; ohief, ohieftain, sheik,

patriarch, head (of a tribe); title of the

»^ juyat' a little thing, trifle
ruler of any one of the sheikdoms along
ijj-i htxvayya (colloq.) a little, a bit,
the Persian Gulf ; title of native soholars
somewhat
trained in the traditional sciencea suoh aa
ÄSxi. moii'a volition, will ; wish, members of a religious
clerical djgnitaries,
desire |
*ii I &1* Ood wüling order, professors of Bpiritual institutions
of higher learning, eto. ; master; master
'(v*i) v li Atta » (A»b, i^i Aiäa, ^JL.
become white-haired, gray- of an order (Sufism); Senator (pari.)
rnaüb) to |

jf\jj\ ^-Ul (aruzz asmar), jjl ^iJl

haired; to turn white or gray (hair); ui^\
(abya4) (eg-) populär names for oertain
to grow old, to age; to make white-
haired; to bleaoh (* s.th.) II to make rice dishes; j»Jl ^i S. al-bahr sea oalf

(• s.o.) white-haired, oauae s.o.'s (*)

(xool.);JlJ\ fei i.al-balad ohief ofavillage,
mayor; *aU.-Jl i»-i as-9ajjäda
hair to tum white (grief) IV = II
village $.

title of the leaders of certain derviah

i_^£ Saib grayness of the hair, gray
Orders in their oapaoity of inheritors of
oi white hair; old age
the founder's prayer rüg; f^-1/l fe* S-
Lii Saiba a variety of artemisia al-idäm aheikh ul-Islam, formerly, eep.
(Artemiaia arboreaoena L.; bot.) in medieval Egypt, title of the Grand

Mb
u-*Al

white,
aiyab*,
gray
f. »Lxi AiiM'«, pl.
(hair) ; white-haired,
^ Mufti, the spiritual head of Islam, later
being bestowed more and more ex-
clusively upon the Mufti of Gonstan-
gray-haired (person); old, aged; old man
tinople in the Ottoman Empire
t_ £- »wJW grayness of the hair, title of the chief mufti in Tunisia;
gray or white hair; old age ooll inspector of police (Ma§r.);
profesaoriate, or fao-
fcJLJ AT& white, gray (hair); white-
haired, gray-haired (person); old, aged; ulty, of the Great Mosque in Tunis;

old man j-j-JI (pl. of majesty) title of a ruler

 )

er
among the inhabitants of Nejd; ^-L^ (J^i) iLt Sofa i (±J, &#) to burn (esp.
^^Jjl majlis ai-Jf. Senate food) II to burn slightly, singe, scoroh,

«i^-i Saijfa pl. -dt an old, or alderly,

sear (* s.th.) IV = II; V = 1; X .WliL-l

vornan, a matron
L-Ü (Qadaban) to be or beoome
fuming with rage, flare up, fly off the
i^U-i Hydfpa position, or dignity, of
handle
a aheik

-i &t£fl$a old age, senility jL-i II tafaifana to behave like a devil

Saifftiffi senile, chaAicteristio ulL~5 Saifän pl. O^Li jaydßn 1 Shaitan,

of old age Satan, devil, fiend

U*JL> ma&ydfsa pl. -<«, £lii ma6äy%& jlL-i Saifäni satanio, devilish, fiendish;
offlee, or dignity, of a aheik; aheikdom demonic, demoniac, hellish, infernal
(in general, speeif., any one of the semi-
*'•}*„* Saitana devilry, villainy, dirty
independent territories on the Persian
trick
Gulf); an administrative subdivision
(Tun.); professoriate (e.g., of AI Azhar) r
(^i) £_Lt Sd'a i (^i Sai', ^jj> Suyü ) to
{xJ.) oLi Ssda % (xJ. Said) to erect, set up, Bpread, be divulged, become known,
construet, build (m an edifice, and the become publio (news); to spread (out),

like) II = 1; IV = I; ** or »/"Jb aLil diffuse ( j over) ; to fill, pervade, dominate

(bi-4%krihl) to oelebrate, praise, commend (j s.o., s.th.; of a feeling); j f Lt to be

s.o. or s.th., speak in glowing terms of generally attributable, be generally ap-

s.o. or s.th. plicable to s.th.; *j f-Li to spread,

divulge, publicize, circulate s.th.; make
aJ- Hd plaster (of a wall); plaster of
s.th. known, bring s.th. to publio
Paris; mortar
notice II to see (• s.o.) off, escort,
J-xiJ taiyid ereotion, setting up, aecompany (• s.o.); to bid farewell
construetion, building (of an edifice) (• to s.o.); to pay (. the deceased) the

öLil Uäda praise, commendation, ex- last honora; to send (*, • s.o., s.th.);

tolment of to adhere (* to a faction) J

»jbU c-*-i
(<^j
Suyyi'at ü-janäzatu the deceased was
-UL* muktyyad high, lofty, imposing
escorted to his final resting place, the
(of a atmeture)
funeral took place III to follow
(J# •
jlj^t Siräz* Shiraz (city in SW Iran) s.o. in), adapt o.s.
(J* . to s.o. in); to
conform, fall in
(J* • with s.o. in); to
rj^- Sxraj sesame oil
aide (J* *, * with s.o., with s.th. in),

Ij-J- Hra a refreshment (made of take sides (J* *, • for b.o., for s.th. in)
fruit juice)
IT to spread, divulge, publish, publicize,
^jhir^ Hzofräniyä sohizophrenia make known, bring to public notice,
circulate («- or i s.th.) V to aide j J
J*~ SU
1 (
I
foil, rapier; Jalousie, Venetian
with b.o., with s.th. in), take sides
blind |
^UiJ\ Im mu'aüim ai-S. fencing
j J for s.o., for s.th. in), join (J s.o.,
J^\ oJ
(
instruetor; la'bat ai-S. fenoing,

swordplay
s.th., a faction), make common cause,
hold (J with s.o.); to become a Shiite;
*<U2. Äfa bottle of the narghile; nar^iile, to pretend to be a Shiite TI to come to
hookah an agreement J*. in, about)
{
 498
er
i*-i Sl'a pl. £?£ itya' followers, m^ZI. muta&ayyi' partial; partisan
adherents, disciples, faction, party, 1 '-- mtt&tä* partner, co- partner, oo-
f
sect ; **-dl the faction of Ali, the Shiah, owner
the Shiites (that branch of the Muslima
<J*_i II to cut up, chop or ßlice (* fruit)
who recognize Ali, the Prophet's son-in-
law, as his rightful successor); pl. 9-Lil -jLil a&yäf (pl.) cuts, slices

aiyS adherents, followers, partisans

OjjLi Slfün chiffon (fabric)
._i ii'i Shiitic; {pl. -ün) Shiite
j-i see 3j^
f Li Hyä' Community (of property)

(jur.) i^U (Fr.) Hk chic

9j£ hiyü' publicity, spread, circula- tiJLil aSyaP very chic

tion (of news) |
f^-iJt J* in common,
liLS (Fr. ehkque) iSk, iik pl. -ät check |
^Li
jointly, in Joint
S*-LJi traveler's check
^j^ Suyü'l communistic, communiBt;
(pl. -ün) a communist \jjj$Lj> (It. cicoria) Siköriyä chicory

4-*^ Suyü'iya communism ^V^Lt Siköläta {syr.) chocolate

£x±j iaiyx*: Ijbi-I a-x-Ij al-janäza fu-

^J-i) JLi AÜa to carry, convey, transport
f.
i

neral, burial (* s.tb.); to raise, elevate, Lift (i s.th.)

ÄjüLL* muSäya'a partisanship, partiality ILi £at£a pl. -ät load, bürden

iiUl i&Ta spreading, publioation, ilLi Sti/dJa carrying, oaxriage, con-

circulation (of newB) ; rumor; news, veyance, tranaportation (of loads) ; por-

information terage, carrying charges

O «-*L-I iSä'iya colleotivism {pol.) JLi Sayyäl pl. -ün, -JLi Sayyäla
porter, carrier
n_,*." fo&yyu* partisanship, partiality,

bias (J for) <JLi Sayyäla suspender

j'U &»'»' widespread; (wcll-)known, JLi- maiä/ carrying, carriage, con-

public ; general, universal ; common, veyance, tranaportation (of loads); por-

Joint jl -jLiJl it is rumored that . .

.;
terage, carrying charges
|

9-_jjÖJ1 «jU widely known, widespread,

"Jli pl. u'iLi look up alphabetically
oommon; Jl^-i-Vl Vt± in general use,

commonly used, generally aeeepted ; ill* Li Sailam darnel (Lolium temulentum;

«LS (m*7fc) Joint property bot.); a variety of vetch

**Jli AäYa pl. -ät, wj^i lauw'i' 1 üLLi SUmän (coli.; n. un. !) steel girdere (*r.)

rumor
JJi Alf Chile
*jLl* muSäyi* partial; adherent, par-
tisan (~i) j.Li lörna » to look out (* for), be on

the lookout, watch; to ezpect (* s.th.),

*Ll. muSä* widespread; (well-)known,
hope (* for)
public ; general, universal ; common,
Joint; Joint (or colleotive) ownership, 4, _* Sima pl. *J- iiyam natura, temper,

joint tenancy (Isl. Law) public property, disposition, character; habit, custom,
;

public domain practice

 409

i.U fOma pl. -Ä, *\Z Alm mole, nevus, &£• JSain disfigurement, marring, dis-
birthxnark honoring, disgraoing; disgraoe, shame

L»*i Amtya pl. ^Li Jaydmi («£.) Tor- J>\£ Sä'in dishonorable, scandalous,
tex, whirlpool, eddy disgraoeful

i»*i* maÜma pl. ^i. maÜrn, rlt* 0<.i* mu&ayyin dishonorable, scandal-
maiäyim* plaoenta ous, diagraceful

'(j^i) 0U Sana i (&_£ Ann) to disfigure, "0;-5 An namo of the letter ^

disfeature, mar, dishonor, disgraoe {«, *
jU look up alphabetically
s.o., s.th.) | 42*tr OU T
(sum atahü) to de-
tract from s.o.'b good reputation II == I •Li pl. of »U, see »ji

^0 abbreviation of i fafha page (of a «IL* (It. sola) fiäia pl. -ät hall, large room
book)
ijjJL* fiälün salon, parlor, reoeption room
<-»
^ abbreviation of 4jjJI JjX_« pundüq ij>JL# *jj* 'arabat f. parlor oar, olub car
|

al-barid poet-office box, p. o. b.

«L.L* see ily* pamüla

v!j~* fiu'Ob (coli.; n. un. ;) pl. OLL* pi'bän,
üLx^» fiibdn nit (jL* fa'ä a i
(
J^ px'f y) to twitter, chirp (of a
bird)

ü^jL» see j*^

t_*-* pabba u (pabb) to pour, pour forth, cast,
empty, fiU (j * s.th. into); to impose,
^L* jkJ; thin sheet iron; bread tin, baking »^ 4-L (baHTan) a trial upon s.o. t_«#
|

tin |
^Li* ^L* (muffotta') corrugated iron IjUII to commit an assault; — i ($abb)
to be poured pour
^L* l yä pähi = t^- —
1 1j y« fähibi
out, forth, shed,
flow (j into); to befall s.o.), come
(J*
jL# £<Z4 name of the letter ^ upon s.o.
(Jp);
— (Ist pera. perf.
fabibtu) a (IjL* pabäba) to Iove ardently
£L# £&£ in order, right, proper, sound,
(Jl s.o.) V to pour forth, shed, flow; to
regulär, Standard; a rank in army and
drip, overflow (* with), be bathed (* in);
police (intermediate between captain "
to dissolve, melt, deliquesce l*^ i_-i «
and major); a naval rank intermediate |

('araqan) to be wet with Perspiration,

between lieutenant and lieutenant Com-
break into a sweat VII to be poured out,
mander (Eg.) £L# 1U ('umla) Standard
|
pour forth, flow, shed, effuse, gush
currency j-L, (QirS) Standard
;
J,J.
out; to be intent, be bent
piaster (J* or Jl on},
be out for
(Jp or Jl); to apply o.s. (J*
^-Ut J^U (Turk. sa§kol ajfast) or Jl to s.th.), study, endeavor J» or Jl
{
military rank Intermediate between cap- be or do
to s.th.); to be aimed, direoted,
tain and major (Eg.) oriented at) f bear upon <J*)
( Jp
 600

,_ , -,w fiabb pouriog; casting, founding into a Situation), reaoh a State, oome
(of metal); out; flow, guah; outpour, to a point where . . .; to beoome, grow,

effusion; ardently in love, enamored turn; to be ^L-Jl ^*\ (fiabähu) it

|

beoame morning; j*- J» pr^ *° have

hr w fabab pl. vW-*' <mW& deolivity;
a good morning, begin the day happily;
dope, incline, hillside
J» «~**j (tujbih) parting word
jvt- at
.-—u* fabib poured out, shed, spilled;
night : may you be well tbmorrow
blood; Bweat, Perspiration
morning! ^— I lil «Lijj
^r+\ Iji *LJu
i,l_> pabdba ardent love, fervent long- (amsä) he does it momings and evenings,
ing he does it all the time, inoessantly; £-*'

*jL™# fvbäba rest, remaindar, remnant jJ.1 (haqqu) truth has oome to light;

Jmu £--«j i he no longer did (so); £~-*j jl

^^a matabb pl. -ät, v -**

1 mafäbb*
>y~j *i it no longer existed VIII to
outlet, esoape, drain; mouth (of a
have a morning draught; to light (*
river, and the like) ; drainpipe ; funnel
s.th., e.g., a lamp); to uae for lighting
Vjr-** mtybib lead (metal) ; pl. oIjj-a- (lj s.th.) X to begin the day
oaat-metal goods, foundry producta
-^ pubh pl. ^U* I afbäh da wn
»L* paba'a a (\>r* fubÜ*) to grow (tooth, day break; morning; (ellipt. for ^--Jl !^L#

nail), sprout (plant); — fabaa a to turn paJdt af-p.) morning prayer (at dawn)
Jl to, toward)
(
4j*-** pvbha early morning breakfast, ;

*jL* föin Sabian; Mandaean, see the morning meal

following -L> fabäh morning; L»U# fabdhan

4£jL«II a$-9dbi*a the Sabians, desig- in the morning | »L-. ^L.» pabäha mtuä'a

nation of two different secta: 1) the in the morning and in the evening,
Mandaeans, a Judaeo-Christian gnostio, momings and evenings; rjJI rW-* &&&*

baptist »eot in Mesopotamia (Christians ha l-yaum this morning; j£\» iU-L-*,

of St. John), used in thia sense in the sX\j_ ^U* (bi-l-kair) good morning!
f
Koran. 2) The Sabians of Harran, a ÜL„# (*tm) do.

pagan seot extant as Ute as the 11 th ,jf- L-» soMAi morning (adj.)
oentury A. D.
^U* ?uMA and uU-» aoAJuln', f.

-y+ pabaha a (fiabh) to offer a morning i-

1| i- «o&Jbd pretty, oomely, handaome,
draught (• to s.o.); — fabuha u (VL* beautiful, graoeful

pabdha) to be beautiful, graoeful, hand-

£-*.* aaMJh pl. ^l—* fftMA pretty,
some, oomely, pretty; to beam, be
oomely, handsome, beautiful, graoeful
radiant (face) II to offer a morning
draught (* to s.o.); to oome in the 'tvU #o6dAa beauty, gracefulneas,

morning (• to s.o.); to wish a good grace

morning ( J» or » to s.o.) III v^.J **}-*i » «a&iAa morning

he attends to it momings and evenings,
r»~<* sa6fl£ morning draught; beauti-
he ia oonstantly, inceasantly oooupied
ful as the early day, radiant, bright
with it IV to enter upou morning; to
wake up, be awake, be in one's sensee; -L» mifb&h pl. £jL** ma^ÄMA*
become beoome, be, lamp; light, luminary (also flg.); head-
to be or olear; to

or happen in the morning; to get (j light (of an automobile) | S»UV1 ^Lr-**

 ,
601
&
incandescent light, light bulb ; il*.C-l m. JL-+ fiabbär (very) patient, enduring,
>

(kaSSäf) searchlight; JL^T ^U*. (ftdU perseverant, steadfast

rabat) eleotrio light, light bulh; t- 1 . m-
jL** fubär, fubbdr Indian fig (Opuntia
St-^i d^.j^ {yadawl) eleotrio flaahlight
flcus-indica; bot.)
rL**l ifbäh moming
s~* pubbair Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-
^L-^-l igtifbdh Illumination, light- indioa; bot.)
ing |
^L^l-I/I jU illuminating gas
Jjr* tabür pl. j^m pubur (very) patient,
r^~** mupbah moming enduring, perseverant, steadfast

j^m pabara i ($abr) to bind, tie, fetter, SjL«* pabära and pabärra severe cold
shackle {• s.o.); to be patient, be for-
bearing, have !j*~*j taßbxra (eg.) light meal in the
patience, take patience,
persevere forenoon, a snack
; to bear calmly , patiently
stoutly, endure (J* s.th.); to refrain, *j L** mufäbara long-suffering, lon-
abstain, desist (j* from), renounce (a* ganimity, endurance, perseverance, pa-
s.th.); to hold one'a own (J againat tience, forbearance
s.o.), withstand (J s.o.) II to ask (*
jU«-*l itfibär patience, forbearance,
s.o.) to be patient; to admonish (» s.o.)
endurance, perseverance
to be patient ; to console, comfort,
solace (* the heart); to make (* s.th.)
j-L* pübir patient, long-Buffering, en-

durable; to conserve (* s.th.); to pre- during, perseverant, steadfast

serve, can (* s.th.) | *ü»j j^ (batnahü; oIj^a. mupobbaräi conserves, canned

eg.) to have a snack III to vie in pa- gooda
tience (» with s.o.); to bear stoutly
2
V to be patient, be forbearing, have or jr* fabbara to ballast (* a ship)

take patience, persevere VIII = V b.M^ fäbüra ballast of a ship

j--> fiabr fettering, ahackling; pa- r

g~0 paba'a a (fab ) to point with the flnger
tience, forbearance; composure, equa-
nimity, steadfastneas,
(J* or <~> at); to insert one's finger (U
firmness; self-
into the hen, so as to asoertain whether
control, seif- com man d, self-possession
she is going to lay an egg)
perseverance, endurance, hardiness |

\j** *Jsi qataiahü pabran to kill s.o. £«*! ipba' pl. £*L»I apäbi'* finger; toe
in captivity; J, jw )} (fabra) I cannot (also |-juLI1 *^*l i. al-qadam); a linear
bear it! tbis is unbearable! _tuaJ1 <U qiüat measure (Eg.; = 3.125cm) |
a- gL»|
af-f. impatience; jv*JI J-Ü impatient;
^IkJI French fried potatoea; y^l ^1
*j^ Ji qaUa pabruhü to be impatient; lipstick; ,>*JI gL*\ a. as-sujuq frank-
to lose patience ; £>U ^j^m ^ß j j^ 1 furters;£>l^l <—*} bapmai al-a. flnger-
lam ydbqa /» qauai pabri minza (there is print; gU^/l ^0. do.; ^1 10. j ^1 <J

no arrow left for the bow of my patience, he has a hand in this matter
i.e.) my patience is at an end
£_U» pubä* (eg.) finger; toe (also
jw $abir, $abr aloe (bot.) r-OJI M-%* ß. al-qadam)

•j*-* ßabra severe cold

%jt+\ upbü' pl. £rfL»l OfäbV*

•jw pubra heap, pile; pubratan sum- oe

marily, on the whole, in the lump a-ä* mufabba' gridiron, grill

t_
i^ laboga Uta (ffaftp, päwff) to dye, stain <!jiL» fiäbüna (n. un.) a oake of soap

(* s.th., e.g., a fabric), color, tint,

J^jU» päbunf soapy, soap-like, sap-
tinge, paint, daub (* s.th.); to give s.th.
onaoeous, made of soap
(*) the air, touoh, or appearanoe (v of
s.th.); to dip, immerse {* s.th., j in jL_» piöbän soap boiler

water); to baptize (• s.o.) **-.** *i~^

|
ii*^. masbana soap works
4j».\ {pib$atan u£rd) to tranaform,

change b.o. VIII to be dyed, be or {j—-) L-» *aod u (?oiw. jn*&üu>, L-» p6an,
become colored or tinted; to be baptized, »L-» poA<5') to be a child, be childish; —
receive baptism (pubüw, tj-** sabwa) to bend, inoline

(Jl to), feel sensual desire (Jl for); to

ajbäj} oolor, dye,
Ar-» fiü>9
dyestuff;
pl- ftr

pigment;
^

(coat of) paint,

Btrive (Jl for), aspire (Jl to); — ^
aabiya a (.L-* sabä\ L-» ptöan) to behave
varnish; make-up, grease paint, face
like a child, act in a ohildish manner
paint
II to rejuvenate, render youthful again
«i^ 9\bga oolor, dye, dyestuff; pig- V to behave like a child, act in a childish
ment; tincture (med.); ooloring, tinge, manner; to ineüne to youthful pleasures;
tint, shade, bue, nuanoe, touch, air;
to rejuveneaoe, undergo rejuvenation,
natura, character; (coat of) paint, var- regain youth, become young again; to
nish; baptism; religion | ö»*»^' *V 0* woo, oourt (U a woman) to tempt, entioe, ;

al-afyün tincture of opium, laudanum; captivate, charm (• s.o., * the heart)

jjJI li^0 9. al-yüd tincture of iodine; VI to behave like a child X = VI
IS*. '<i^0 (mahaUiya) local touch, local
»L-»l
L-» paban pl. ^J^-» pabawät,
color; - -\ ' ^ *-*"> '
(akrajahü) to
asbä* east wind
change, disfigure s.o. 01 s.th.

L^, ^0 sxban childhood, boyhood,

O L'tA;^ pibgiyät chromosomes youth;
i

youthfulness; inolination, pro-

f-L-» pibäg pl. «A^l afiiga oolor, dye, pensity, bent, longing, desire

dyestuff; spiee, condiment, seasoning,

•L* fabä' childhood, boyhood, youth;
youthfulness

f_L-» pabbäg dyer

passion; amorous
•fr* sabwa youthful
i*L** pibäga dyer's trade, art of disposition ; sensual desire ; childish man-
dyeing or staining ners

5n, .«- maabaga dyehouse, dye works jr* subüw youthful passion; amorous
man-
disposition; sensual desire; childish
i^U. fähig dyer; baptiat |
gLJi b*-ji
ners
(yuhannä) John the Baptist
\y^ svbüwa ohildhood, boyhood,
& 1 ,
-- masbüg dyed, stained, colored, youth; youthfulness
tinted; having a touch or air (<_» of);
^
lS
sabiy pl. i-»~* fibya, aabya, jL-w»
influenoed (^ by); imbued (<_j with)
pibyän, pubyän, «^1 asbtya boy, youth,

jw» II to soap, rub with soap (a s.th.) lad

säbün soap ÜjjL-JI hajaT '4^0 aabiya pl. IjL-» sabäyä girl;
iijiL» | J~
09-9. soapstone, steatite young girl
 . ;

JU-^ fibyäni boyish, ohildlike; ohild- ijf* ?*AÄ* wholesome, aalubrioua,

ish, puerile; children's healthy, healthful (diet, and the like);

sanitary; hygienio -^Jl ^»^1 (mahjar)

ljL* säbin youthful, juvenile, thought- | (J
quarantine
less, rash
^j* fiahih pl. r-L** pihäh, »L*H
ofihha*, i*M apihha healthy, well,

»» $ahha i (<*"• ettAa, ~L** poÄ5Ä) to be sound, healthful; oomplete, integral,

healthy; to be all right, be in order; to perfect; whole, entire, undivided; right,

recover, recuperate from); to heal oorreot, proper; true, veritable, aotual,

{<>.

(of a wound) ; to be sound, strong, real ; authentic, genuine, truthful, re-

vigorous, firm, right, correct, -faultless, liable, credible, believable ; valid, Ie-

unimpaired, unblemished ; to be firm, gally valid, legal, lawful, rightful; strong

unshakable (resolution) to be admisaible, ;

(gram.; of a consonant, a verb) | «j^

permissible; to be true, authentic,

«-*** (jam') sound plural (ending in üj
oertain, eure; to prove true, turn out •ün or Ol ~cU; gram); «^ j-U- ('adad)

to be true; to hold good, go (Jp for), whole number, integer (math.); ... «-*«

aPply (J* to )> be tirue (J* °0; to result <»l (annahü) true, he was (he is) . . .,

or follow definitely (j* from); to be a he was (he is), it is true, . .

fact, turn out (J for); to become a fact; »*l afahh* sounder, healthier; more
to be successful, work out well (<J for correct, more proper ~»"ifl jl or
|
J*
s.o.); to fall to s.o. or to s.o.'s share (<J) j more properly speaking
r

Jp *ir j* c-*^ or **J* £~0 azmuhü) he

(
-UH ashäh, ishäh chapter of the
was firmly reeolved to ., . . his mind was
Holy Scriptures (Chr.)
made up to . . .
; 4-U j£p^ I »ü it may
serve aa a basis; 4-i Jli ül mj it is
£«a* ma#aKk pl. ~ät Sanatorium

rightly said of him jUi^l J p** to health retreat, sanitarium

. . .;

appear right, adequate, reasonable II to <•«*«« mafahha that whioh promotes

restore to health, oure, heal (* s.o.); to or is oonduoive to health; Sanatorium
oorrect, emend, rectify (* s.th.); to pre-
j^*—j taßhik correotion, reotifioation;
pare a critical edition (* of a teit); to
emendation, critical revision
legalize, authentioate (* a document),
certify, confirm, attest (* the authentioity wmii muaahhih Q vernier (of a ränge

of a document), sign (* a dooument); to finder) | *lL-\ p*^A\ (asfalahü) the

impose one's signature, undersign (magr.) undersigned
V to undergo correction, emendation,
iA** vo^äba,
j** sahiba a (<j* puhba,
rectification, be correoted, emended, rec-
fihäba) to be or become a companion,
tified X to regain health; to recover,
an associate, a oomrade, a friend (» of
recuperate j* from)
(
s.o.), make or become friends, be
Zj# aihha health; hygiene; faultless- friends (• with s.o.); to associate, have
nesf, rightness, soundness, oorrectness; social intercourse {* with s.o.) ; to
truth, genuineness, verity, veraoity, acoompany, eeoort (• s.o.); to be oloeely
credibility, authentioity; validity; legal associated (• with s.o.) III = I; to keep
validity , leg ality j
i-y**Ji ^Jl »j \jj (• s.o.) Company IV to send along,
('umümiya) Ministry of Public Health delegate as companion or esoort (* *

or * for b.o. s.o. eise or s.th.) VI to

 604

have social intercourse, associate (« their capaoity of owners of the founder's

with); to become friends, be friends (». prayer rüg; öUJI ^L, s. as-m'äda
with) Till to accompany, escort (• s.o.); title of a pasha; o-U-J! ^*-l* s. as-
to take (• b.o.) as companion or escort, samäha title of a mufti, approx. "His
have o.s. esoorted or accompanied (• Eminence"; $X\ _^*JI «^L* s as-
by s.o.); to take along {* s.th., « a sumüw al-mataki His Royal Highness;
companion) X to take as companion or üUÜl <-jL**! a. aS-Sa'n those concerned;
escort, take along the important, influential people; <^Uf*l

"<j*
ol^-iJl a. ai-htbuhät dubious persona,
puhba friendship, companionship,
people of ül repute; *>ILJI ._-^L» (for-
comradeship ; accompanying, Company,
esoort; association, intercourse; friends,
merly) Keeper of the Seal (of the Bey of
Tunisia); «j*Jl ._^-L# f. al-'izza title of
oompanions, associates, comrades; (eg.)
a bey; «JüJl i_^-U» £. al-'azama His
nosegay, bunch of flowers; suhbata ac-
Majesty; JUil <_^-Li> f al-ma'äll title
companied by; with |
l-u "<^f (auhbata)
of a oabinet minister; J*J1 ^
T^-U# s.
herein enclosed
al-amal employer; «kill i_-»-L» s. al-
«jUmJI as-fahäba the Companions of gibfa title of the Coptio Patriarch;
the Prophet Mohammed iL-ÜJl i_^-U» title of Islamic theologians

jUw^» sahäbl a Companion of the

and sheiks, such as Rector and Profes-

Prophet Mohammed sors of AI Azhar University ; *J>iä}\ <_^-U»

$. al-fihra father to the thought, the
<+-{**+ musähaba accompanying, Com- originator of an idea; mjji aUII ^-l^
pany, escort (&. al-maqäm) formerly, title bestowed on
bearers of the order otAÄJI established
<->UJ*^l itfihäb accompanying, Com-
pany, escort; association
by Fuad I in 1936

i;*-U# pähiba pl. -äl, «^-*-l>-» pawdAJÖ»,

i^L» pähib pl. <_jUH afhäb, <--**

fahb, 4i l** pahäba, uLj«* puhbän, ~*-s*

oL*-l^» ^auxJAi&H fem. of «^*-L# woman
puJjba associate, companion, comrade,
companion, etc. | ÜlU-l l^L* s. al-jaWa
Her Majesty; ,5lUI >-Jl i-»-U» p. <w-
friend; adherent, follower; the other
«umäw aZ-maJaH Her Royal Highness;
(of two) ; (with foll. genit.) man, owner,
<^djJI L*-L# j». oZ-'^mta title of a lady of
poBsessor, holder, maater, lord, oom-
high social standing
mander, repräsentative, author or origi-

nator of ...; entrusted with; addicted *^£-y+ fuioaihib friend (diminutive of

or given to; J~» t yä aähi = ^U» b
yä fähibl |
j^J\ «_^-L# p. al-amr niler,
<^-_^0 suwaihiba pl. -ät girl friend
master, overlord, BOvereign;^]^Jl .^L*
(diminutive of S-*-L#)
shipowner; il'iU-l .^L» a t al-joUÜa His
Majesty; JU- «^-»-L» the noun to which a ujm^i mo^Aöi accompanied (i_* by);

oircumstantial phrase (häl) refers; «^-*-L» attended (<-> with) ; associated (^ with)

<I>ül s, ad-dauia (formerly) title of the provided (»-» with)

Prime Minister (Eff.); ,>_-Ul ^-*-L# ß. ad-

j*»l a^Aar 1 , f. »1^ faArä'* desertlike; of the
dain creditor; iojJS «.^-L» s. ar-rif'a
color of desert sand; desolate, bleak
(formerly) title of the Prime Minister
{Eg.)i öU»Ji i_^-L« s. as-sajjäda title of >\j*e sahriC* pl. jL^1 potärin, ^jlrf*

the leaders of certain dervish Orders in paAärti, ol^rf* jmAräutff desert, steppe
 ;;

(jj\j** pahräwi desert, desolate, woste |

ü^ha mashün ground, brayed, pound-
*jjLh** t^l)' (arätfin) desert areas ed, crushed, grated

•jU* pahhdra pl. j«-U* paAdAir* case, *«L** pahn&h sardine

ehest, crate, box
(yf and ^) \* fahd u (pahw) and j*
iji^ II to misplace the diacritical marks; pahiya a (L^ pahan) to be or become
to misread, miapronounce, misspell (* a clear, bright, cloudless, serene (day,
word); to misrapresent, distort, twist (* Bky); — (j*r pahw, puhüw) to regain
a report, etc.) V to be misread or mis- consciousness, come to; to recover (j.
spelled (word) from intoxication), sober up; to wake
Ü** pahfa pl. «J»L<* ?t'A£/ bow), dish, up, awake (j- from sleep); to become

platter alert (Jl to s.th.), become aware (Ji of

s.th.) II to wake up, awaken, rouse (• s.o.)
'<*?** puhaifa saucer
IV to be or become clear, bright, cloudless,
U_^ pahifa pl. tji^ puhuf, JJlrf* serene (day, sky); to wake up, awaken,
pah&if* leaf (in a book or notebook), page rouse (• s.o.)

newspaper, paper, daily, Journal; epi-

j** pahw cloudlessness, brightness,
dermis; surface; exterior »L*-Jl ÜL>**JI
|
serenity (of the weather) ; clarity, alert-
(ftatt&T) honorable name, honor
ness of the mind, consciousness; bright,

^* puhvfi newspaper-, news-, press- serene, cloudlesB, sunny (weather)

(in Compounds), journalistic ; (pl. -ün) •j** pahwa awakening, recovery of
newspaperman, Journalist | J** yj* consciousness; Btate of consciousness
(mu'tamar) press Conference
^L» pakin bright, serene, cloudless,
ÜU"» pihäfa journalism, news business; clear (weather); — (pl. -ün, SU* piütAK)
the press awake, wakeful, watchful, alert, vigilant;

conBcious; sober
jL^ pihäft journalistic; Journalist,
newspaperman, newBman t_J* pajciba a (pdfeab) to shout, cry, yell,
olamor, roar, bellow; to scold
4J\j* pihäfiya woman Journalist (J* s.o.,
s.th.); to rage, roar, be loudVIII to raise
<J*»*-*+ maphaf, muphaf pl . <J»». La. a din, roar simultaneoualy, be tumultuous,
mapähif* volume ; book ; copy of the resound in utter confusion, rage
Koran ( 1_ju
j«i t_Ju****)
v-j*' pakab shouting, roar(ing), bei-
<Ji»»»»«j to^Al/ misplacement of the lowing, yelling, clamor, din, hubbub;
diacritical marks; mißapelling, alip of cry, outory, yell; raging
the pen ; (grammatical) mistake ; mis-
i^j* pakib orying, yelling, noisy,
representation, distortion
olamoring, voeiferous, roaring, raging

J^ pahal raucouB voiee «_jL> pdfckäb clamorous, boisterous,

l
roaring, bellowing, raging
j** pahn pl. üf** puhün bowl, dish ; plate
dish, meal, food; yard, courtyard; surface, vi**!*-'' iptijcdb noise, din, clamor,
plane; disk; (pl. fc*H apkina) phonograph hubbub, uproar, tumult, turmoil, roar,
record, disc (tun.) jUI ^** oourtyard, raging
|

patio; jrU*Jl j** ashtray; j£\ y* J* i_~*-L* päkib loud, noiay, clamorous,
(p. il-fcadd) on the (surface of the) cheek boisterous, voeiferous, tumultuous, roar-
 600

ing, raging |
i^L* *ß (qüwa) power of currently buay with s.th. , he is at

the voice present occupied with a matter; g-J

•sx~*i j* L* Jl (narji'u) we retum to
^nL.m- mupfafcab noise, din, hubbub,
what is our present concern or to what
tumult, raging, roar(ing)
we are just diseussing

« pakr (coli.; n. un. I) pl. jj* ^ür, JoX^ padxd pus, matter
\jj** puküra, & \J** pakarät rockB,
purulent,
jOjX^ padxdi suppurativa,
solid rock, boulders, rock formations;
festering
pl.j>* rock {geol.)

Ijt* pakra boulder, rock |

J^JI iJ [fX* pädia a (\x* pada') and JJ-» padu'a u

Dome of the Rock, the

(i.U^ padä'a) to become or be rusty,
qubbat ap-p. the
Mosque of Omar (in JeruBalem) rust, oxidize II = I; to make (* s.th.)

rusty, cause (* s.th.) to rust, corrode

j^> pajeri rocky, stony
(* s.th.)

stony
J** pakir rocky, \x* pada' rust; oxidation; smut, rust
(plant disease)
padda u (padd) to tum away, alienate,

discourage, divert, deter, restrain, reject, I»Ij^k padä'a rustinesa

Bend away (j* • s.o. from); to dis-

jj«* padi' rußty, rust-covered; dirty,
suade (j* • s.o. from his desire); to
mean, ehabby
repel, parry, ward ofF (* s.th., e.g., an
t-u*- mtipda* rusty, rust-covered
attack); to hinder, prevent (j* » s.o.

from); to impede, hamper, stop, bring r x* padaha a (padh, f\x* pudäh) to chant,
to a standßtill (» s.o.); to reaist, oppoee sing; to play (^ a song, a tune)
(, b.o.) _^JI -U-j V (nazara) it does not
» X* padah banner
—
|

offend the eye, it is nice to look at ; » u

(padd, *j±* pudvd) to tum away (j* iIjU-x^ padahät (musical) strains

from), turn one's back (j* on s.o., on

O »oL* pädih note raised a Bemitone,
s.th.); to stay away, remain aloof (j* a sharp (mtis.)
from s.th.) II to suppurate, maturate,
fester IV do. V to face, confront (J s.o.) jX* padara u % (jj J-» pudür) to go out, step
out (je. or j* of, from within) ; to proceed,
X* padd averting, tuming away cbeok- ;
emanate, arise, originate, stem (je. or
ing, stopping ; repulaion, rejection ; hinder-
ja from), have its origin (j^ or ^ in) ; to
ing, impeding, obatruction, prevcntion;
eome out, be issued, be promulgated ( Order,
resistance, aversion, reluctance
ordinance, law); to appear, be pubüshed

ix* padad nearness, proximity; in- (book); to leave, go out (mail); to go

tention, purpoae, design, aim; respect, (J! to); to happen, occur, come to paas;

regard, relation, concern, Bubject, matter; pass. pudira to have a ehest complaint |

topio (of a discusflion) ; padada (prep.) al;t je. jJ-^ (jidd) to set about seriouflly,
work earnestly; <oljl j* j-L*
oppoBite, in front of |
JJ-» J* and iA-^ get to

oppoaite, in front of; i-u* j conceming, to act on one's own volition II to send,

regarding, re, with respect to; jJ-J1 ü» j send ofF, dispatch, forward {* B.th.); to

in this respect, with regard to thia, export (* a.th.); to publiBh, bring out

with relation to this, on this occasion, (* a book); to preface (* a book); to

in this connection; j+\ j-U*> j* he iß introduce, commence («^ a a book with)

 607 jX*

III to seize, impound, oonfisoate (* (v *t); disgruntled, depressed; .-i-JL.

s.th.); to urge, press, oppresa {» a.o. ), j-uJI munqabid a$-f. dejeeted, low-
throw obstaclea in s.o.'s (•) way apirited, crestfallen; jX*t\ Ut£. makänat
IT to Bend, aend out, dispatch (* o#-a. first place, precedence, priority;
a.tb.);

s.th.,
to export
o.g., banknotea,
(* s.th.);

bonda),
to issue (*
maka
j-UI ^\j =jX*>\
(zamän) quite a Stretch of time, for some
w ; OU^I & |j^

out (* B.th., e.g.,

bring out (*
a passport); to publish,
s.th., e.g., a book); to give,
time; jX*)\
jJ-*j (aakJtama)
j in the foreground;
to irritate s.o.,
^
make
issue (* an order); to pronounce, pasa s.o. angry; *>x* r rii\ in&araha fadruhü
(* a legal sentence); to utter, expreas to be gladdened, be pleased, be cheered,
(* an opinion, & view) V to be aent, be be happy, rejoiee
diapatched; to preside (* over), head
iSjX* padri pectoral, ehest (used attrib-
(* a group); to have & front seat {* &t a
utively) | öj.u» 3J_>* (nazla) bronchitis
social gathering) ; to realst, oppoae
(J h.o.), throw obstaclea in s.o.'a (J) *jX* pudra vest, waistcoat; camisole,
way, stand in s.o.'s (J) way X to bring (under)waist, bodice
about, ohtain (* s.th., esp. l&- hukman
(SjX* fiudatri and <ijX* pl. -ät
a legal judgment or sentence); to iaaue
vest, waistcoat; bodice
(l»j*-j* an ordinance)
jl-U» fidär vest, waistooat; (under-)
jX* padr pl. j jX^ pudür ehest, breast,
waist, bodice
bust; bosom, heart; front part, front;
part, portion ; first hemistich ; leader, *j\x* padära, pidära precedence; prea-

Commander; beginning, start, outset, idency, chairmanship ; first place, pre-

oommencement, ineeption; early period, eminence; grand vizierate, office, cban-

beginnings, dawn (fig.) jloll jx* one cellery, or position, of the Orand Vizier
|

who ooeupies the highest position in

(Mor.)

the house, who plays first fiddle in the jjX* pudür coming out, appearance,
house; ^^-j jx* (rahb) generoaity, publication (e.g., of a book), issuance
magnanimity; open-mindedness, broad- (e.g., of an ordinance)
mindedness, liberality, frankness, candor;
j-U*. mapdar pl. j.iLa. mapädir* Btart-
j»^-Vl j-U» early period of Islam, early
ing point, point of origin ; origin, source
Islam; jJifrV! j-U-Jl title of the Grand
Vizier in the Ottoman Empire; grand (fig.) ; (gram.) infinitive, verbal noun
absolute or internal objeet
vizier (Mor.); üt&l jX+ 9. al-makän
the foremost part of a room; jl^Jl jX* jX^S tapdtr sending (off), dispatch,
f. an-nahär daybreak, beginning of the for warding; exportation, export; prefaoe,
day; j.u* _jjl robin (tool.); jX*S\ oUj foreword (of a book) ; issuanoe
banät afi-f. worries, anxieties, appre-
«jjLa. mupädara seizure, confiscation
hensions; jX*i\ i_jLj front door; jX*i\ c*lj
ehest complaint; bottom of the heart, jl-U*l i§där exportation, export; issue,

seoret thpughts; jX-Jl issuance, bringing out, edition, publi-

^>.j rahb a$-p.

generous, magnanimouB ; open-minded, cation; making out, issuance J

broad-minded, liberal ; free of mis-

jl-U#Vl maprif al-i. bank of issue

givinga, unheaitating; jX-JI V:l-j do.; j -L«i~l

I istißdär issue, making out
j-uJI j^J fayyiq cte-e. annoyed, angry issuance
JJU#

jiL» fädir going out, emanating, III to find (a, • s.o., s.th.), meet (• s.o.,

orighiating; issued, oome out, publiahed, * with s.th.); to meet unexpectedly, by

etc.; exportation, export; yield; o'jaUJI chance ( b.o.), light (*, • on), come across

export goods, export« s.o. or s.th. (a, »), run into s.o. or s.th.

(a, #), enoounter (*, • s.o., s.th.); to coin-

jj±+* tnafdür affeoted with a peotoral
cide, be ooinoident, oonour (* with s.th.);
ailment, phthiaioal, consumptive, tuber-
to fall (aon a given date); to happen
oular
by ohance, oome to pass (öl that) |

j-U*. mutaddir export merchant, ex- öL*ü»^fl lJaL* to meet with approval;
porter «1* JiiL» {mdhaUdhü) to oome in handily,
be convenient, be opportune V to turn
*x*0 pada'a a (#o*T) to split, oleave, part,
an
away ( j* from), avoid, shun (je s.o., s.th.)
sunder (* s.th.); to craok, break (a
VI to happen by ohance, oome to pass
objeot), oause (* an objeot) to craok;
to break (* through obstaoles), oonquer, J.U* padaf (ooU.; n. un. J) pl. i_>ii-*l

overcome, surmount (* obstaoles, diffl- aßddf pearl oyster, sea shell, conch |

culties) |
jJ-L P-i-» (haqq) to oome out öil/l Äi-L* 9. ai'Vdun external ear,

openly with the truth j&i £JL# (amr) ; auriole, pinna

to execute an Order, oomply with an
_j-U* fadaf, <jJ*mi\ ,jijß> maratf 09-
order; paas. fud\a to* have or get a
padaßya a nonoontagious skin disease,
headache II to cause a headache (• to
Psoriasis {med.)
s.o.); to molest, harass, trouble (*jl>U

fuddCa to have or j-U* padafi sea-ahell, ahell (adj.); na-

JfltirM s.o.); pass.

geta headache V to get split, get cleft, creoua, mother-of-pearl (adj.)

oome apart, bunt, break, craok; to go *j.U* fudfa pl. Ji-U* fudaf chance,
to pieoas; to reel, waver, be shaken; to haphazard, ooinoidenoe, unexpeoted con-
separate (je from), part (j* with) VII to ourrence; üi-» fudfatan by ohance, by
get split, get oleft, come apart, break,
ooincidence, aooidentally | Äi-uJt> or
craok ; to be rudely interrupted ; to break, «*.u*]l by ohanoe, by coincidence,
,ji^i
dawn (mornlng) aooidentally; as ohanoe will have it,

£JU» faeP pl. £j**» fudü' crevice, haphazardly

fissure, orack, break, rift, oleft encounter,
"4i.1L*- mufOdafa pl. -ät

*\x+ fiudä' headache meeting; ohanoe, haphazard, coincidence,

unexpeoted concurrenee; mufädafatan
j.J-** mafdü* having a oraek, oraoked,
f-
by ohance, by ooinoidenoe, aooidentally
broken
iJuL«* mvfädif oorresponding (J to),
9±0 t*d$ pl. £1J-*1 afdd$ temple (anat.);
oonourrent (J with a date of another
earlook, lovelook (also £A*II *-•» qtwat
ohronologioal System), ooinoident ( J with),
09-9-)
falling (Jon a given date)

J-X-* fudfi temporal {anat.) u to speak the

j-U, fiadaqa (fadq, fidq)

truth, be sincere; to s.o.) the

J>±* fadafa % u (fadf, ü>j a~* fiudüf) to turn teil (•

away (je from), avoid, shun (je s.o., truth (j* about); to prove to be true,

s.th.); —
% {fadf) to turn (• s.o.) away turn out to be correot, oome true; to

(j* from), disoourage, restram, deter be right; to fit exaotly (J* s.o. or s.th.),

(je • s.o. from); to happen by ohance apply (J* *»), hold true (J* of) |
 500 ^JUp

•4*j or t^j j J-u» (/| uxx'dtAf or tm'* Ülx* 9adOqa pl. -dt friendship
<2aAä) to keep, or fulfill, one's promiae;
i*w^JI «.u» to
JjX* fadiq pl. »U-U»l atdiqtf*, .U-O
(noilAato) adviae s.o.
tudaqä'*, ulj-u» eudq&n friend; friendly,
sincerely; >_J-I *i-U* (AuAfo) to love s.o.
connected by bonda of friendahip
sincerely, truly II to deem (*, • s.o.,

s.th.) oredible, acoept (* a.th.) aa true, 3j^ß tadüq veracious, truthful, hon-
give oredence <*, • to a.o., to s.th.), est, sinoere

believe, truat (*, • s.o., s.th.); to oon-

Ji-U# fiddlq strictly veracious, hon*
sider or pronouno« (m a.th.) to be true,
est, righteous, upright; Jj-uJI epithet of
right, oorreot or oredible ; to believe (*-» in)
the firat Galiph, Abu Bakr
to give one's consent, to consent, aasent,
agree (J»tos.th.), approve (J»ofs.th.), J-U»l apdaq* truer, sinoerer | 61*/ j-u*l
grant, Hcense, sanotion, oertify, oonfirm, J» (a. burhdnin) the moat reliable, or
substantiate, atteat, ratify, authentioate, best, proof for . . .; jj-u» j.u»l the moat
legalize, verify s.th.) 3x^t V loyal, or best, friend
(J» |

(yttfaddaqu) incredible, unbelievable, un-

Jl-L^. mifdäq confirmation, oorrobo-
reliable, untrustworthy ; «-jäT j\ J-U*
ration, substantiation; touohstone, ori-
paddiq au kafäib (u an affirmative
terion
parentheais) believe it or not III to
treat (• a.o.) aa a friend; to maintain JjO^aJ tatdiq belief, faith (^ in);
one's friendship (» with s.o.); to be or consent, aasent, agreement to),
(J*
become friends (• with s.o.), befriend approval, sanetioning, lioeneing, certifi-

(* s.o.); to give one's consent, to con- oation, confirmation, atteatation, rat*

sent, aasent, agree J* to s.th.), approve ifloation, verification, authentication,
(

(J* of), grant, lioenae, sanction, certify,

legalization
(J» of s.th.) |
jja-«dl «^
confirm, substantiate J* s.th.) ; to eur'at at-t. oredulity; Jj-i-adi
( g^* cred-
legalize, authenticate a signature, ulous
(J*
etc.) IV tofix a (bridal) dower (U for 4*jLa4 mußddaqa oonaent, asaent, agree-
a woman) T to give alma
(J* to s.o.); ment (J» to), ooneurrenoe (J* in);
to give as alms, donate (J* to s.o., approval, sanetioning, certifloation, con-
V s.th.)
firmation, atteatation,
ratifloation
{Jp
of s.th.); legalization, authentication
j-U* pidq truth, trueness, truthfulness (J*
of a document)
sincerity, candor; veracity, correctneas
(of an alleg&tion); efflciency; \jx* J-iLaJ tafiäduq legalization, authen-
fidqan truly, reaUy, in truth tioation J* of a document)
(

U-O fiadaqa pl. -dt alms, charitable JjL* fädiq true, truthful, veracious,

gift; almagiving, charity, voluntary oon- sinoere, candid; reliable; aoourate, true,

tribution of alms, freevill offering genuine, faithful, authentio

legally prescribed alms tax {Isl. Laxe) «U*

\ mufaddiqa certificate, certifi-
Jmü\ Ü-U» fi. al-fifr almsgiving at the cation, atteatation
end of Ramadan (/*J. Law)
J.U&* mufiaddaq oredible, believable,
jl-U* fiadäq, fiidaq pl. jx* puduq, reliable, trustworthy | J' *- j±. in-
ü-ol apdiqa (bridal) dower; — (pl. credible; Lfj <J» JJ-*- (rtumfym)
Üj_^I) marriage contraot (tun.) legalized, offlcially oertified
JjL* 510

4X**, 1-u* padan pl. »I-U*l apiS eoho,

J.U* look up alphabetically
reverberation
*x+ pada-ma i (padm) to bump, strike, knock,
aj_X^j tapdiya hand olapping
dash, bounce, bang, zun (*, » against),

tut (* lipon); to run (* into s.o., e.g.,

j* parra % (aorr, jj+ *0f* r ) to ohirp, strid-
an automobile, etc.); to oolüde, olash to
ulate (orioket); to oreak (door);
(^ with, e.g-, train with car) in to squeak, soreech; to grate, Scratch; to
bump, strike, knock, dash, bounce, bang, gnash, ohatter (teeth); to laoe, oord,
run (*, • against s.o. or s.th.); to resist,
tie up, truas up, bind (* s.th.); to shove,
oppoae • s.o., s.th.)» battle (*, •
(*,
put ( j * money into a purse) ; to priok
against); to encounter (hoatilely), olash; or li one's ears) IV to persist
op (i
pasB. (->-» füdima to be severely af- on); to make up one's
(J* in), insist (J*
flioted (^ by) TI to oollide (e.g., trains),
mind, resolve, determine, deoide (J* to
encounter (armies) ; to olaah, oonflict
do s.th.); to priok up (* or v one's ears)
(e.g., different opinions) Tin to oollide,
\j+ f«" * pi* Js+ ^urar money)
olash (l-ot « with); to bump, strike,
1
(

bag, purse ; bündle, packet, parcel

run (<-» against), hit (^ s.th., e.g., a |

lyJI or <>vJ-' *j~* 9* al-harajnain the

mine); to take offense at, e.g., at
(v
to); to purra for Meooa and Medina, the tra-
miatakes), take exception («^
ditional funds sent by the different
feil (^ due to), be thwarted (<-* by);
Islamio oountries (nowadays, e.g., by
= VI
Egypt and Tunisia) with the hadj
~k»x+ padma pl. fodamät push, thrust,
oaravan to be distributed among the
jolt, shook, blow, stroke; upset, com-
poor of Heoca and Medina; Sj-Jl J<*l
motion, (psychic) öhock; obstacle, dif*
the Truste« of the purra (who is reapon-
ficulty jjUl \j+ caah
sible for its delivery);

pid&m oolüsion, olash ; break - remittance

down, collapse Jt-U-J (l-U* (wijddni)
ohirping, stridulation (of
j j+
|
patir
mental breakdown
oriokets); squeaking, soreeching

<*jLa. mupädama pl. -d* ooUiaion,

or cO-laü
j\j+ parrar JJ1 j\j^ 9.

olaah, impaot orioket (xool.)

(oL-J tafädum oolüsion, olash; bounce, wrapped in a purse

\j j+ aurfra ooins
impaot (i-ion); upset, oommotion, (p*y-
jl^l ipr&r persistence, peraeverance
ohic) shook (iL*ill --lt buffer (railroad)
|
inaistenoe (J* on) | jjy-/iM ,$-*
(J* in),
f1oL*#1 iffidäm oolüsion, olash; bounoe,
sabq al-i. premediation, wUlxulneas (jur.)
impaot (i-i on); upset, oommotion,
j*a mupirr persistent, insistent; de*
(psyohio) shook
termined, resolute
t$-U* fiadiya a (padan) to be very thirsty

IV to eoho, resound, reverberate V to ^^Jl ap-pirb Serbia; the Serba

ocoupy o,s. (J or Jl with); to turn, j^# pirbl Serbian

apply o.s. (J or Jl to s.th.); to under-
embark rj* parvha u (-*-|y-# tarüha, *»~js+ purüha)
take (J or Jl s.th.), (J or Jl
upon) to oppose, resist, counteraot, to be or become pure, unadultorated,
;

antagonize (J s.o.), throw obstaoles in uncontaminated, olear; paraha o —

s.o.'a (J) way, be in s.o.'s (J) way (park) to make olear, olarify, explicate,
 ;

511
ts"
explain (* s.th.) II to explain, explicate, shout (J* to s.o.); to yell, bellow, roar
clarify, make clear (* s.th.); to declare, (j or <^j j at s.o.) | **-j** ±j*» (par*
state, announce {<~> s.th.)» make a kaktn) to cry out, let out a cry X to
statement (lj about); to speak out cry for help; to call (* to s.o.) for help
frankly, openly, be clear, be ezplioit {*_>t
~**-j** parka pl. -ät cry, outory, yell,
je- about), let {._>, jp s.th.) be known; to
scream; call for help
allow, permit, grant (_* J to s.o. s.th.);
to licens© (lj s.th.), give a permit, grant ^s+ puräk crying, yelling; clamor»

a license (lj for) III to speak frankly, screaming, screams

openly; to speak out frankly or openly,

As* parijp crying, yelling; clamor,
be clear, be ezplioit {*_> about), avow screaming, screams
{lj s.th.), let (^> s.th.) be known; to de-
rL-* parräk crier, screamer, bawler;
clare (öl • to s.o. that) IV to make clear,
peacock
clarify, explicate, explain {* s.th.) VI to
become clear, evident, manifest, come to £jjL* pärüjp pl. 'fij\j* pawärik*
Ught VII to become evident, manifest, rocket; siren (magr.) j O .z'*-6 rjj^-»
clear oljLUl intercontinental ballistio missile,
ICBM
£_,-* park pl. rjj-* purüh Castle,

palace, lofty edifice, imposing structuro 4jvjL* iLi qujibula fiärükiya rocket
bomb, guided missile
^s+ puräh pure, unadulterated, un-
contaminated, clear ; distinot, piain,
£jL* pärifa gaudy, flashy (color);

glaring (color, Light) ; crude, gross,

obvious, evident, patent, manifest, un-
ooarse; noisy, loud; orier, caller
ambiguous, unequivocal

parih pl. »U^» purahä' 1 , .* pard severe cold (spell)

fes* f\^
parä'ih* pure, unadulterated, uncon- }\j-+ purräd drifting clouds, cirrus
taminated; clear; distinct, piain, obvious,
evident, patent, manifest, unambiguous, rJ-* pvrraid drifting clouds, cirrus
A>

unequivocal; open, frank, sinoere, candid; parpara to let out a piercing cry,
free, openhearted soream shrilly

*»-[/-• paräha clearness, clarity, dis- parpar violent, cold wind,

y-V» £j *"*£

tinctness, plainness; unambiguousness icy gale

openness, frankness, oandor, sincerity,
J-0J-0 purpur pl. s+\s+ ß&räfii* a
openheartedness parähatan clearly, plain-
;
variety of cockroach (Blatta aegyptiaca;
ly, distinctly, patently, unequivocally,
zool.); cricket (zool.)
unambiguously openly, frankly, bluntly,
;

straightforward, honestly, openheartedly jj*s+ fwtftr pl. jj-«Ij-* paräpir*

cricket {zool.); cockroach (syr.)
r.r*' afrah* purer, clearer; sinoerer

taßtih £;L*J tapäritp

j\~*r* parpär crioket (zool.)
£_p*j pl. -ät,

(pubüo) statement, deolaration; per- ^»\j^ piräf way, path, road

mission, (officieJ) permit, lioense
^j~0 para'a a (par' t pir\ ?_r^> mapra') to
x
^0 parajca u (£l^ pv.räfc, £^ &*#) throw down, feil, bring to the ground
to ory, yell, scream, shriek, shout; to (• s.o.); — pass. puri'a to be epileptio,
ory for help; to call (^ s.o.); to call out, have an epileptic fit; to be or go mad
 512
t'
III to wrestle (also as a Sport), fight to pay out, disburse (J * money to);

(• with s.o.) VI to wrestle with one to issue, give out (* s.th., e.g., tiokets),

another VU to be or go mad VUI = VI make out (* s.th., e.g., a permit); to

spend, devote (J or Jl or j * time,
f j* par* epilepsy
effort on); to pass, spend (j * time at
f j* pur* rein s.th., doing s.th.); to ohange money

thrown to to infleot (* a word) jt> jkJI <J>j*ß

gj* part pl. jj* par'd (>); |

the ground, felled; epileptio; demented, (nafar) to avert one's glance from,

insane, mad, orazy; (with fall, genit.) disregard s.th., pay no attention to
succumbing to s.th., fallen viotim to s.th., leave s.th. out of oonsideration;

s.th., | \ij*ß ^- to be küled (in battle); — t (>Jüs* pro*/) to oreak, grate II to

9* aS-faräb addicted to the oause to flow off, draw off (* water);

v|/~^ £d_r"
bottle; j;j53i mj+ f. al-karä overoome by to drain (* land); to dispatoh, expedite,

sleep wind up, liquidate (* business); to ohange

money (*); to market, retail, distribute,
fr** mapra* pl. gjU« mapäri'* battle«
seil (* merehandise), dispose (* of
ground; ruin, destruction, perdition,
merohandise) ; to oiroulate (* s.th.);
death; fatal oooident; vital part of the
to give a free hand (
j to s.o. in s.th.),
body (the injury of whioh oan oause
let (• s.o.) dispose freely (j over, in),
death)
grant the right of disposal (J • to s.o.

f l^ miprtf pl. £>jL** mapärV* leaf over or in s.th.); to infleot (* a word),

of a door; hemistioh | fj/-»U £U-» oonjugate (* a verb), deoline (* a noun)
door panel; **\j*** J* rj2** vM' ( m*9" V to aot independently; to dispose
rtfaihi) the door is wide open
freely, have the right of disposal (j

f\j*0 pirif
wrestling, wreetüng match; over); to move freely, aot without
fight, struggle restriotion (j in), administer (freely)

mupära'a wrestling, wrestling (j s.th.); to behave, aot, oonduot o.s.,

4£.JLma
comport o.s. ; to exeroise saoerdotal
match; fight, struggle
funotions (Copt.-Chr.); to be infleoted
f-ljk^l

controversy
ftftna" fight, struggle, conflict,
(gram.); to be derived | U^ 0^*1
j LLT (taparrufan Icaiflyan) to prooeed
9 jj*** maprü' thrown to the ground, arbitrarily in or at VII to turn away;
felled; epileptio; demented, insane, mad, to go away, depart (je from), leave
orazy (je s.th.); to give up, abandon, relin-

9 jL** mupäri* wrestler; fighter quish, quit (je s.o., s.th.); to flow off,

drain; to pass on, ohange over, turn

J^ parafa % (aar/) to turn; to turn away,
one's attention (Jl to s.th.); to proceed
avert (j* *, • s.o., s.th. from); to
away (Jl to Borne aetivity or to do s.th.); to
dissuade, alienate, keep (j* *

apply o.a., devote o.s. (Jl to s.th.); to

s.o. from); to divert, distract (j* s.o.

from); to turn, direct (Jl * s.th., e.g.,

be spent, be expended (money); to be

one'a eyes, one's attention, to s.th.); to

issued, be made out (e.g., ticket); to

away be fully, i.e., triptotioally, infleoted

grant leave, dismiss, send (« s.o.); |

to give s.o. (») the bnish-off; to spend, <Ju Jl J>j~*i\ to withdraw by o.s.,

ezpend (J» * money for); to defray the isolate o.a.; J*i «Ji^aJl to set about

oost (j* of s.th.), pay (J» for s.th.); to do s.th., proceed to do s.th.
 513
<->S"

J>s* fiarf averting, turning away; ei- J>s*j taaarruf pl. -« free diaposal (

penditure, expense; spending, uae, appli- over), right of disposal; usufruct; ad-
oation (e.g., of time, of effort, eto.); is- ministration ; aotion, way of aoting,
suance, iasue, ma.friwg out; disbursement; demeanor, behavior, oonduot ; outflow,
money ohanging; barter (Isl. Law) ; drain- effluz, effluenoe, Output (in terms of
age; infleotion {gram.); (pl. «jjj-* purüf) the oapacity of a pump), disoharge,
adversities, misfortunes (also _^-dl «jjj»» throughput, quantity of water flowing
9. ad-dakr) | Jj,JI ILA ma^affat aß- f. (d.) through; pl. dli^^j measures, dis-
power Station; drainage Station, pumping positions, regulations j^u üj^^J
|

Station; J» /~Jlj»-'«''' 00-0. exchange rate; (munjaz) regulation effeotive imme-

ü^JI ^ 'um as-s. morphology (gram.); diately (Isl. Law); Üy-Jl j— hum at-t.
Jjj*J\ j* fjU indeclinable (gram.); «j^-tj discretion; ü^adl jlL. mitflog ai-t.
j» jkJI (6i-*. in-noair) regardless of, having unrestricted right of disposal,
irrespeotive of, notwithstanding, to say invested with füll power; «-Jp^ij freely;
nothing of -j^-J cJ- at disposal; l^t
s.o.'s «Jy
J>s* sirf pure, unadulterated, un- **j~sS c--£ to put s.th. at s.o. 's disposition;

mixed; mere, shoer, absolute &ß oU^^j (. ax-xaman the vioissitudes

of time
OLij-» sarflyät payments, disburse-
ments J*\j~mJ\ inpirdf going away, leave,
departüre; avertedness, aversion (j* to);
~^ij~" pari/ squeak(ing), creak(ing),
abstention (& from), renunoiation (j*of)
squeal(ing)

<J>\j~0 sarräf money ohanger; cashier,

öj_r-— maprüf devoted, dedicated (Jl

teuer, treasurer; paymaster; banker

to B.th.); money spent, ezpenditure; pl.
•äty <JujL«. majärif* ezpensea, expendi-
v\j~0 parräfa (woman) cashier J tures,oosts|jjjJI Jy _r»-and Jj jJl «JojU-w
^TIAdl ~**\j~* (woman) ticket agent
postage; ^JJ ^jjy«* m, al-jaib pooket
«Jl/w» fiairaf pl. J>j\~+ pay&rif* money money; «JujLJ.1 ^U- postage free,
ohanger; cashier, teuer, treasurer franked; <JujUail jj (wajä) to cover the
eosts, defray the expense; j* ^jj-**
Jjw» pairafi pl. -ijL-» sayärifa
money ohanger; cashier,
*a-x£\ (faidma) dismissed, discharged
teuer, treas-
urer Jj^-ti. mvtaparrif approx.: provinoial
iijj-» pari/a pl. Ju^ aarä'if* reed- governor (Ir.; adminiatering any one of
mat hut the 14 liwd* f q.v.); former title of a
Turkish administrative offioer in Arab
«Jij-ft* maprif pl. iJijUa* mapärif*
countries
drainage canal, drainage ditoh, drain;
bank; pay offlce, teller's window (at a ISj^u mutasarrifiya Jurisdiction of
bank) a m%Uaparrif (q.v.), approx.: province;
dignity, government, authority, etc.,
'Juy-Äj tofirif drawing off (of water),
of a mutaparrif
drainage; aale, retail, disposal, distri-
bution; change, alteration; infleotion, Jtj^u munparif fully inflected, i.e.,

declension, oonjugation |
^oll «JujU-J triptotioal (gram.); i_'^,y,U the money
t. ad-dahr the vicissitudes of fate; <-ijy-*J
spent, expendituras

üji-lll settlement, windup, or manage* J*s*u munparaf departüre, leave,

ment, of affairs going away | c* J*^ V (munparafa)
 ;

514
^-r*

indispensable, inevitable; »^i,^* mun* JjU-*- matfül fool

sara/oAum at their departure, when

(m. tn-noAdr) at
l^a^ pTu&a u (ö^ ?u'ü&a) to be hard,
they left; jlfJl «J»j^* j
(J* for); to be
difflcult embarraasing,
the parting of day, at day's end
shooking, unpleasant (J* for, to) II to
make hard, make difflcult (* J for s.o.
"^ paruma u (*»tj~» »arämo) to be sharp;
to be stern, hard, harsh, severe; — s.th.); to present as difflcult (* J to

farama i {farm, furm) to cut, out off,

s.o. s.th.) T to become difflcult; to

make (* s.th.) hard or difflcult VI to be

sever (* s.th.); to leave, forsake (•

from part with difflcult (of a person); to be hard to

s.o.)» separate (• s.o.), (•

s.o.) n to out, cut off, cut through, sever, please X to find or consider difflcult

V to decrease, wane, (* s.th.)

separate (* s.th.)
dwindle; to elapse, go by, pass; to be »_-*** pa'b pl. <_>U~# pi'öfc hard,diffioult;

paßt, be bygone, be over (time) VII to pl. diffloulties |

J£-Vl i^ hard to
elapse, go by, pass ; to be past. be bygone, bear, oppreesive; »UyV' *-"•* *• td-irfö
be over (time) hard to please, fastidious; ^l/LI »_-*^

obstinate, stubborn, self-opinionated, re-

>^ «arm severance, Reparation
calcitrant, headstrong; *-*~0 iU fumZo)
*+j* firma pl. tj* piram herd of
hard currenoy
cameis
ö^w* ju'w&o diffloulty | ^[^ <>_y~*
«Jj*» paräma Bharpness, keenness;
obstinacy, stubbornness, recalcitrance,
harshness, sternness, severity, rigor,
refractoriness
unfriendliness
^L*. tTM^KTift 1 difflculties
le j* farima horse bridle
J^m pa'tar wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum;
lyU*. mvfärama estrangement, break,
bot.)
antagonism, hostility

ajU» t&rim sharp, harah, hard, severe, Om *fl

F
ü2a a {sy** ^u'üd) to rise, go up; to
lift, climb, ascend, slope upward; to
stern
mount, scale, ascend, climb (* s.th.),
elapsed, past, bygone
(V*-' fn-unfarim climb up (* on s.th.) ; to take off
(period of time)
(airplane) ; Jl *j •**# to make s.o.

s.o. up to
ascend, lead II to ascend, . . .

mount; to go upstream; to travel to

•L^ parma pl. *j* furam (eg.) shoe Upper Egypt; to send up (• s.o.); to

cause (* s.th.) to rise or ascend; to heave

SjL^ furmäya pl. -äi, \j\j* far&ml
(syr.) shoe made of red or yellow leather; (from one's breast), utter (* sigh, wails,
and the like) ; to cause (* s.th.) to evap-
shoes
orate , vaporize , volatilize { * s.th. )

to Sublimate (* s.th.; ehem.) |

x^
cAjß (xafarät) to heave deep sighs IV to
jU» ßärin and «jjL» pdriya pl.jl»-» *w*w or advance;
make (• s.o.) ascend to
mast, pole ^i\ ^jL» ?. J-'aiam flagpole
|
ascend (Jl to elevated terrain); to go

maffaba, mififaba pl. ^L** ma^Ä 1 upstream ; to travel up, travel V to

outdoor stone bench (buüt into the side evaporate. vaporize VI to rise, lift,

of a house), mastaba ascend

 ;

515

i*-* «it'd height, altitude pa'iga a and pass. pu'iqa (pa'aq, U*^»
*-U^ pa'da pl. pa'adät rise, incline;
pa'qa) to be thunderstruck ; to lose

slope, deolivity consciouBness | *;1C j £*+ (makänihi)

to stop dead in one's tracks, stand as if
*y~0 pu'üd ruing, lifting, ascending;
thunderstruck IV to strike down, slay,
take-off (of an airplane); ascent; boom;
destroy (• s.o.; of lightning); to stun,
advance (Jl toward) |
^1 ^^0 p. ar-
stupefy, make unconscious (* s.o.) VII to
robb and ^*_JI 0-t 'id ap-p. Ascension
bo Struck by lightning
Day (Chr.)

fr** pa'aq thunder, peal of thunder

*j*~0 pa'üd Bteep hill

J«~« pa'iq thunderatruck, dumfounded

•V^* ptt'id pl. .u-» pu'ud highland,
upland, plateau; 4-a^JI and j^. -L.U*
UpL* pä'iqa pl. J^l^ pawä'iq* bolt of

*. m^r Upper Egypt ±-\j -Uu- j on

|
lightning, thunderbolt

a common basis, on common ground, on 3j*-*» map'üq Struck by lightning;

equal footing, without distinction, in- thunderstruck, stupefied, dumfounded;
discriminately; .u-lj -l.u* congenial, crushed, destroyed
J»
like-minded, kindred in spirit, agreed
iSUjt-* pa'laka loitering, loafing

j^s»-*» pikt* pl. »AiU.» pa'dyida Upper

!}J^0 pu'lük pl. iLJU^ pa'&llk* utterly
Egyptian
destitute; have-not, pauper, poor wretoh;
»low pu'adä'' (deep) sigh .I-U-Jl tJ
_rJ beggar; tramp, vagabond, loafer
|
(

ianaffasa p-pu'adä'a to aigh (deeply),

heave a (deep) aigh ?~0 pagura u (pigar, SjU* pagära) and
pagira a (pa^ar) to bo or become small, lit-
**'«' matfad pl. UcL** mapä'id1 point
tle, scanty; to diminish, decrease, wane,
of ascent
dwindJe ; to be young ; to be lowly,
U**- mtpW pl. o*L** ma^ä'«? elevator, submisaive, servile, humblo; — pagara
lift; O anode u (pagr) to be younger (._> * than
»u .^ i mip'ada elevator, s.o. by) |
Iuj Vi J>-* L (bi-sanatin)
lift
he was only one year younger than I
o*L* *Tid pl. 0*1^ ^owd'id" rising,
II to make small(er) or little(r), lessen,
asoending (also, e.g., of vapore) | lj*L*i
minimizo, reduce, diminish, decrease
fa-pä'idan and beyond that, and more;
(a s.th.); to
l-uL»i — ^, from — on, from — upward; debasc, bemean
belittle, deride,
s.o.,
ridicule,

(*, • s.th.); to
lo*L«i ü^/l j>. (min al-äna) from now on,
form a diminutive (* of a noun) VI to
henceforth
prove o.s. contemptible, be servile,
-uL*i* muto^n'üf rising, ascending (also, fawn, cringe, grovel X to deem (*, * s.o.,
e.g., of vapors) s.th.) small, little or paltry; to make
light (*, • of s.o., of s.th.), undervalue
j*~* pa'ira a (pa'ar) to be awry (face; with
(*, • s.o., s.th.); to think little <*, • of
pride) II «4^
j^0 (kaddahü) to put on a
s.o., of s.th.) | 4-Ju jk^Ji (nafsahü) to
contemptuous mien
feel inferior

j** pa'aqa a (ü*L* fiaiqa) to strike s.o. jis pigar smallncss, littlenoss, scanti-
(•) down with lightning, destroy, hit, ness, paltriness, pauoity, insignificance
slay (• s.o.; of lightning); to stun, youthfulness, juvenility (also jJI ^0
stupefy, make unconscious (• s.o.); 9. aa-sinn)
 ;

S18
J~»

\ji~0 fijra: *>_>jl :>-. j» (». abawaiki) (ji*0 and ji->) U_» pa#J u (>-» »o0i«,

he is the youngeet of hia parents' au^flw) to inoline, bend, lean (Jl to,

ohildnn toward); — ji— safi'ya a («ajan, fufiy)

to inoline, bend, lean (Jl to, toward);
j^ jnjfr pL jU- »«0ft-, •iA- to listen (J to) IT to listen, pay attention,
fufara*' »mall, little; paltry, eoanty,
lend one's ear (J or Jl to s.th., to s.o.),
jnaigninoant; tiny, minute; young, ju-
heed (J or Jl s.th.)
venile, minor; a minor, one ander age |

jj\ jj** «. owwin young; u-bi\ jr*— ji~» fafto and U~» fa$an inolination,

an-na/s mean-spirited, base, Bervile, disposition, tendenoy; affeotion, attach-

t.

toadying, aringing, groveling «jviU^LI jl*«» ment, good will

ahmuwa&afln small offldals, sub-

t. •U_»l ifjä' attention, attentivenesa
altern offloials; >J J-Jl ('W) Little

Bairam, i.e., the feast of faat breaking *L* jäfin inelined, diaposed; attentive;
listener, hearer
on the lat of Shawwal; IjSj ijJ^t Jf
JbuUu f. wo-fcaWro every detail ^ -- muj0»n attentive; listener, hearer

ijj^t aoJJro pL /'lw auja"«4 venial

ain (J»J. Law); minor miatake; pl.

trivialltiea, trines Ä* faßa u ifiaff) to set up in a row or line,

line np, align, array, arrange, Order

;_,U_. aajdra littlenese, paltrineaa,
(» s.th.); to set, oompose (» type, typ.);
aoantineea, pauoity; lowlineaa, servility,
to ränge, olass, olaasify (*. • s.o. among);
humility, humblenesa
to out (» s.th.) in Strips 11 to set up in

jl^ß\ atjar', f. jjL* »uflra, pl. m. a row or line, line up, align, array,

jiL»l O04fltr* smaller, litt ler; younger | arrange, Order (» s.th.); to oomb (*

^^jll _^_»l o. aJ-Jarroin the leiser of the hair) straight YI to line up, take
two evils; if_^JI W*' -Aaia Minor; position in a row or line, stand in a row
j>JI JjJ ((juimi) the amall oountriea; or line, be lined up, be aligned, be strung
^^Jl bj^- (aOnyd) Palestine; Jjl^JI in a line vm — VI; to fall in, stand in
^J^JI the wiwimnTW formation (of a military detaohment) |

-L J to line the road,

JjjUI ^-iU- Jl
ju_*j fa*£ \r dimlnution, leaaening, de-
form a lane (o.g., troops, polioe, eto.)
crease, rednotion j^ill »w» *W.
|
f\
diminutive (oram.) J^, taff aligning or arranging

jU^I »a0dr diadain, oontempt, dis-

in a line or row; — (pl. J»jJ~» *u/S/)

row, line, nie, rank, queue; row, or tier,

regard
of seata; grade, form (in sohool); ola»,
jiLti tatSjvr aervility, toadying, orlng- aourse; seotion, division, group |

ing, groveling ,JI ad-dam blood group «iT

jiL. «äflir low, lowly, deapised, oon- J>jji-\ typesetting machine; *J*—J( J*jL*

temptible; humiliated, meek, dejeoted; (also iüLi Ja** pl. J»L-* tJusf) non-

anbmiaalve, servile; aabjeot (J to s.o.) oommiasioned offloer; Üjju* Jtil in*

taqama pufüfan to line up in rows or

jm. mufafjar reduaed, deareased,
filee
diminiahed | •>*.. hy" J (**») on a
fufaf (atone)
rednced or amall aoale, in miniature; ]»

jm. molding; ledge

iflrn) miorofilm
 517

.JiU-. tafftf and ijjjJ.1 jLL. type- £>*-» «>W i'orgiving, ready to forgive
aetter, compoaitor
j-Li^ mffQ pl. &, jyU* «a/a/ty«
Jt-mj, mataJS pl. jL». mafajf poaition plate, aheet, leaf; flagatone, atone alab
(of an army); battle line; row, line,
nie; compoaing atiok £?i~* tatflh plating
(typ.) | JiL*. Jl ^i,
(with folL genit.) to olaaa «.o. with, jj-«j lafaffult examination, acrutini-
put s.o. on the eame level with zation, aorutiny, atudy

£«-» fafaha a (fafh) to broaden, widen, £*-»• mufaffah ahapad into platea
flatten, beat into a leaf, foliate, plate or thin layera, plated, foliated; armored,
(» a.th.); to pardon, forgive (je s.o., armor-olad, ironolad, metal-corered |
a.th.) II to broaden, widen, flatten, r>*-»« <-£•> (jufai) plywood; ku. IjU.
beat into a leaf, foliate (» a.th.); to roll (aoyyära) armored sar
out (* a.th.); to plate, orerlay, or oorer,
-with metal platea mufaffaka pl. -m armored
>
oar,
(» a.th.); to armor
armored reoonnaiaaanoe oar (mü.)
(* a.th.); to equip, furniah, corer (i^ *
a.th. with) III to ahake handa (• with u> fa/ada i (fa/S) to bind, fetter, ahaokle
s.o.); to greet (. e.o.); to tonoh (» a.th.)
(• a.o.) n and IT = I
lightly or gently, graze (» a.th.), bruah,

glide (» orer a.th.), paas, ii~* tafad pl. jlL.1 oa/dd bond, tie,
blow (» orer
a.th., of the wind, breath, eto.) fetter
| ~>L>
<*jr (sam'ahü) to reaoh a.o.'a aar jlL. fi'/äd bond, tie, fetter ^J_JI jlL.
|

V to leaf, thumb (» a book, etc.); to «. al-yadom manaole, handtmff

examine, scrutinize, regard, atudy (a
'>-» *a/ora •"
(jJu, aa/Cr) to whiatle (bird,
a.th.) VI to ahake handa X to aak a.o.'a

forgireneaa (» for), apologize (» peraon); to hiaa (anake); to chirp,

(•) • to
a.o. for) atridulate (dicket); to aoream (airen)
n= i
£*» fafh pardon, forgireneaa; (pl.
^LL. <» (vj-»') Vj-»
t ifäh) aide, aurfaoe jJL* aa/lr whiatling, whiatle, eto. (aee
|

UU~» to turn away from a.o. or a.th., abore); high, thin tone (e.g., of a flute) |

pasa orer a.o. or a.th., ignore, anub, j*i«JI Jtjj»- aibilanta; — aee alao below
alight, diaregard s.o. or s.th., deaiat
and alphabetioally
from B.th.
iilu» pajfära pl. -M whiatle; airen |

«i.» fa/ha pl. eafahät outaide, ex- uUVI SjLL# f. al-amän all-olear airen;
terior; plane, surface; page; leaf, aheet; jl&Vi SjlL» f. al-inf&r waming airen
phaae
'ji-t II to dye yellow, make yellow, to
broad aide or aurface; aheet
£f*~* *?/ty yellow (» a.th.) IX to turn yellow, to
iron; tin, tinplate; tin platea, tin aheeta
yellow; to pale, beoome pale | <^j ji~.\
i-^i-. paflha pl. ^IL. taf/Tih' plate, (wajhvka) he grew pale, he turned
aheet (of metal), leaf (of wood), alab, white
nag (of stone), ledger atone (on a ji-t au/r braaa; money
tomb); tin plate, tin aheet; oan, Jerry
oan £j^JI ^LL^ jJu» fiafar iaundioe
|
». al-mifrO' door
panel; O Jjill $\i-0 f. al-miqwal iji~» au/ra yellow color, yellowneaa,
phonograph records, gramophone diacs yellow; pallor, paleneaa (of the face)
 518

jlL» pafär yellow color, B.th. yellow; <»/<»/ even, level; waste, desolate,

pallor, paleneaa <~*Jl jli-. f. ai-baifa barren, empty |

<_ä .*«..* fli wasteland,
|

eggyolk desolate area ; li aiy Uli *L*- to de vastate

s.th., lay s.th. waste

jlL» fajjär pl. 1 broas founder

.!>-» pl. >-» «jL-c jw/o'o a (paf) to cu£F, buffet, alap

jA*\ affar*, f. pafrä'*,
h'ghtly (* s.o.); to alap a.o.'a (•) face, box
^u/r yellow; pale, pallid, wan | «£**
embarrassed, s.o. 's {*) ears; to violate (* a rule) YI to
*\j*-0 (<fahka) forced, or
slap one another
laugh;>-»1 ^.l* (nuAJ«) brass
7
bile, gall Ui~» fafa (n. vic.) ökp, onff, smack;
»1yL* tafrä'
blow
^-«-* («ff-)
golden oriole (zool.)
*U_» jWJTö' pl. -ün a kind of buffoon
ojUu* fufäriya golden oriole (zool.)

jj_» tafaqa • (<w/g) to slap, smack (*, • s.o.,

jjI^jL» fafräiui bilious; choleric |

s.th.); to set into motion {* s.th.); to

Ijj\jLJ\ ijJ-\ {hummä) yellow fever;
Aap, clap; to shut, slam, bang (* a
ijlji-» «£> (tfoAto) bitter, or sar-

donic, laugh'(= Fr. rire jawu)

door); — pafuqa u («IL» fafäqa) to be
thick, heavy, close in tezture (cloth) II to
jljjL^I iffirär ydlowing, yellow; pallor, Aap, clap, smack; to clap one's hands
paleness (of the face) (also <jXj), applaud (J s.o.); to Aap (<-»

j1l*a mutfarr yollow-colored; pale, the wings)

pallid, wan 4JUU0 pafqa pl. pafaqät handolasp (in

concluding a deal); conclusion of a

*jJu» fiafira a (fafar, jy-0 fiufür) to be empty,
contract (Ul. Law); deal, bargain,
be devoid, vacant (^* of) |
£>jJl*
transaction |
S^-U- «iL* poor deal, bad
•jDI j* «Jb (fafirat yadvhü) to have loat
bargain; i*lj IÄJL0 favorable deal, good
B.th. II to empty, void, vacate, evacuate,
bargain; *x^\j <ÄL# fafqatan toähidakm
free (* s.th.) IV = II
all at once, wholly, entirely, altogether;
jju* fajr, fufr, fiufur pl.
$ifr, fiafir, «JLu#
)J
L*l (a'fö), Üju# ui* to conclude
jU_»l affär empty, void, devoid, {^* a bargain, effeot a transaction; iU
of), free (<> from) j.jJ\ jk^m 9%\r al-ya* UjLaj or) to lose the game,
| jj-iil («^
dain empty-handed return empty-handed ; 3iLJ 1*1 cJ

jjL* fifr zero, naught; nothing

^JiM do.

JU-» fiifäq pl. J*-* *u/«2 dermis,

jjuß\ affar1 empty, void
underakin ; Peritoneum
jju** mvffir empty-handed |
J-Jl j*~**
J-jL> ja/ig pl. jLLi fi/d? thick, heavy,
m. al-yad with an empty hand; jÄ***
close in texture (cloth) | *^J\ Ö?*-* *•
.^1 J^" ^m oJI without any possessions at
oJ-uujA impndent, insolent, brazen
all, completely destitute

öU_# pafüqa impudenoe, insolence,

*sL* fafar pl. jU_»l af/är Safar, name ofthe
brazenness
second month of the Mohammedan
J-L-J hand clapping; applause,
*a^/f?

acolaim | OU^i^Vl J^-*J applause

'_>l.-a— ^o/p(S/ (coli.; n. un. i) a variety of
wiUow (Salix Safsaf F.; 6ot.) ^U-. tafdlri* Sfax (seaport in Tunesia)
 ;

51»

1 one foot
JJ~» pafana % to stand with (<-*) troubled, undisturbed, aerene, pure,
slightly raised; to pore, brood, ponder, sheer
reflect, muae Ijk^ pafwa, fufwa the best, or choioest,
jj-* pafan pl. ülL#l affän Bcrotum part, prime, cream, flower, elite, quint-

essence
x
{jJu0 pafin savin (Juniperus sabina; bot.)
LL# so/an (coli.; n. un. :LL» pafüh pl.
(
jkj) Li™* <w/ä u (paftv, fufüw, »Li.» jm/6') to £j\jk** #afavrät) stone(s), rook(s)
be or become clear, unpolluted, limpid,
üj^Ltf pafivän stones, rocks
cloudless, untroubled, aerene, undis-
turbed, pure; J Li.» to apply o.a. to \jk^0 $ifwa sincere friend, best friend,
s.th. with cloar intent, devote o.a. bosom friend
wholeheartedly to, be completely given
Li™* fafä* clearness, clarity, limpidity,
to, be Bolely preocoupied with, be
untroubledness, cloudlesaneaa. serenity,
ezcluBively ready for (heaxt, mind) II to
purity, sheernesa ; happiness, felicity,
make cloar, limpid, pure, clarify, clear,
serenity, gaiety, cheerfulness; sincerity,
purify (a s.th.); to Bettle, straighten
mtu'alatan a
candor, honesty |
»Li™# oUU pleasant
out («Jt— . question, a
time, delightful houra
problem); to remove the water, pour
off the water (* from s.th., o.g., in J-» fafiy clear, limpid, untroubled,
cooking; also *Ut ^ *U-#); to rid of undisturbed, serene, oloudlera, pure,

moistuxe, dry out {* s.th.); to olarify, sheer; (pl. »l~wl afifitfä'*) sinoere friend,

purify, reotify (* a.th., j* by removing best friend, bosom friend

s.th.); to filter, strain (* s.th.); to settle,

*Ju* fiafiya pl. LLL-» pafäyä Ieader's
pay, liquidate (* a.th.); to realize (*
ahare of the loot; lion's share of the
assets) III to be sinoere {* toward a.o),
booty
deal honestly (• with s.o.) IV = III

(i or J); to be no longer in a poeition J^. ma$fan refinery

poeaesa no longer, forfeit; to

J-*. mi$fan
(to ...), sieve
cease compoaing poetry (poet) |
#Li™#l
IUm** mififäh pl. iJiL*» mafäfin Btrainer,
•^JJIj to have s.o. in mind for s.th.,
colander, filter ; strainer cloth ; sieve
choose, select, or single out a.o. for
refinery, purification plant | J^iJl SU***
s.th., grant s.o. s.th. in preference to
coffee filter, peroolator
others, bestow upon s.o. s.th. (üji
ÜSi which others do not have) VI to <Jl**J taffiya pl. -ät ohuification,

be sincere toward one another, be clearance, purification (also flg.); filter-

honest with one another, be of pure ing, filtration; elimination (also in

intent toward one another VIII to choose, sports); settlement, Btraightening out,

select (* s.o.) X — VIII; to deem (* adjustment; Clearing (com.); liquidation

s.th.) clear or pure |
«IL* j-«^l to (com.); clearance B&le | oLLJ-l *~LmJ

realize all one's assets; to confiscate s.o.'s t. al-hisäbät settlement of accounU;

property <Ju*d\ jjA* offlcial receiver, receiver in

equity
jjL* fiafw clearness, clarity, limpidlty,
untroubledness, cloudlessnese, serenity, ;UL** mvfiäfäh cordiality, conoord,
purity , sheerness ; happiness, felicity, harmony; good will, sincere attitude or
pleasure, delight ; clear, limpid ; un- disposition
 ;

«JiLaJ tapäfin peacefnl Settlements ^i-w misja' pl. ^JLm ma^ägi*» elo-
oompromise ( jw between) quent; loud-voiced, having a stentorian
vodce
•lik*1 itfifä' selection (also WoJ.)

1
»U*sJ istitfd-: JI^VI »LL^.1 Se- JJL* pqoia u (sa^I, JUL# figäl) to smooth,
questration of property poliah, burnish, out (* s.th.); to refine

JU s^/En clear, limpid; sheer, pure,

(* style, taste, and the like) TU to
beoome smooth
straight, unmixed, undiluted, unadnl-
terated ; untroubled, nndisturbed ; serene J-L* faql polishmg, burnishing |
JJL*
pure; net | S-Jl jL» s. n-niya sinoere, oUiVI mental training
candid, openhearted; «J>*i-1 jL» net J-Äm» «otftf polished, burnished; smooth,
tonnage; ^LjVI jU» net profit shiny, glossy

«Ju&* mvsa^in offloial receiver, re- JÜL# «099dl polisher, smoother

ceiver in equity; olarifler, olarifying
Jä~-» ^ai^aZ pl. Ü#U- tayÜqüa polisher,
agent
smoother
^t mvfaffan purified, pure, olear,
4-LL*. mipqala pl. JJLm masdgtP bur-
limpid, oloudless
nisher (tool)
Jl*— mvtfa/an chosen, selected; JL.aI.1
Jji-*. mafiqül poliahed, burnished;
epithet of Mohammed
out (glass, and the like); acute, refined

j*i*» sa/fr sapphire (wit)

ÜU-» (It. tcata) fagäla pl. JJUL# taqfiP •ÜUL» look up alphabetioally
scaffold; gangway, gangplank
-iL* sa^Iafr pl. *JUL# faqäliba Slav
ifJu* III to approach ( s.o.), go or oome
^tytütya 1 Sioily
near {* b.o.); to be neighbon (» with s.o.),

be adjaoent (* to s.th.), adjoin (* s.th.) ».iL» sott» u (*aU) to beat, strike; to ahut,

O <j\~*A mufäqaba affinity look (* the door) |

ulj^l * cX* bis ears
were tingling or ringing; 4*r- iL*
x
JßL+ faqr pl. jjJL» puqür, JL+\ a$qur sakar, («am'oAfi) to strike s.o.'s ear (noise); to
falcon, hawk roar in s.o.'s ears TOI to knock together,
ahake, tremble (knees), chatter (teeth)
jjiL» päqür Btone axe

*JL* paqa'a
(
a (tag'* {}*+ W**) to crow
»,iL# takk pl. Aj£+ fukük, ÜKL- fikäk, dU
osufcfc (instrument of) contraot {Isl. Law) ;
(rooater) ; pass. puqi'a to be oovered with
legal instrument, dooument, deed; check,
hoarfrost (gronnd) II to be ioy, ice-eold,
oheque
frozen
1
£U« pwf pl. £l5*#1 apgff* area, region, *L*see J*#j
country, district, locality, Und f-ÜL#V
|
J*# *oUo t
(
J-U saM) to ring, olink, dank,
Vj^' »-"-^jd! (mvtajammida, janübiya)
olatter, rattle
the Antarotic
J-* fiiU pl. J-)L»I o«ZiU, J}L» ?»JdJ a
<**-# ^afl'o frost, severe oold
variety of venomous adder, viper
^u» faq? frost; ice; hoarfrost
JJ-» «ottl rattle, clatter, olash (e.g.,
£U*I a^qa'* more eloquent of weapons), jingling (of oohu)
 521
&
-L# falvba u (o^L» faiäba) and jujfta a palb crucifixion

to be or beoome hard, firm, solid, stiff,

> falib pl. üLL. fulbän, t_J-* pulub
or rigid, solidify, harden, set, stufen
cross |
tJ>i;l t-^LJI (janübi) the Southern
II to make hard, firm, solid, stiff, or
Cross (astron.); jrf\ .__UJI the Red
rigid, harden, solidify, stiffen, indurata
Cross; J>j2** <fj-* swastika; i_-LJI «jLi
(*, • s.o., s.th.) ; to eapport, prop, ahore
and i_-LJl «jLil sign of the cross {Chr.);
up (* s.th.)» to harden (* the heart)
l. m I.,JI J>* 'tid o^-^. peony (Paeonia; bot.)
V = I; to ahow o.s. hard or severe
j—-L*# fialibi: *- !r i m ..L*mJ\ vj^-' the
t_i~# fidb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid;
Crusades; Üj-aJ-*J1 the orusaders
Bteel; — (pl. ^L»! a?lub, V V~*I afläb)
spinal oolumn, baokbone; loina; — text, C^-L- pz&ät (representation of the)
crucifixion, crucifix
body (of a book, and the like) | v--L»

^J\ fl.
ar-ra*y obstinate, stubborn, head* i_-La. wtu^oüoi crossing, interjunotion
strong, opinionated; *JJ\ i_-L» f. ar- (of roads)
raqaba do.; *y}\ i_l«» f, al-'Hd of robust
C-L» ^aZuto u (5j>L» fuftUa) to be glossy,
physique, strongly built, huaky, sturdy;
stubborn, reaistant, unbending, unyield- be smooth and shining IT to draw, un-
sheathe (»Jt-Jl as-aaifa the sword); pass.
ing, relentless; 4-L» ^1 j> (ibn pulbihi)
ufliia to be drawn (sword)
and <X+ Cr J* he is bis own son, his

offspring; »LJJ v--L» Cr «rj»*2 —* **L» J 1

^L* ftdtaj (coli.; n. un. 5) pl. -ät cocoon,
(murfa£ra/a mtn pu&» J-AoyöA) a drama
chrysalis of the silkworm
taken from real life; *_L» j at heart, in
9
his innermost üUj--» look up alphabetioally

i_L» ^utta: ,>*)! i-L» £. oZ-'om sclera ^L» falaha u a (^tO pa&SA, rji-» futöA,
(anof.) i*»L** mai&zAa) and fialuha u (r^
pafcty, v-tA~» falähiya) to be good, right,
VrL* 0aJ# hard, firm, solid, stiff,

rigid proper, in Order, righteous, pious, godly;

to be well, thrive; to be usable, useful,
4j^L» jn&I&a hardness, callousneas;
praotioable, servioeable, fitting, suitable,
hardenjng, Induration; firmneas, Bolidity,
or appropriate (J for), lend itself (J
stiffhess, rigidity; stubbornness, ob-
to), suit, match (J s.th.), fit (~ s.th.
Btinacy, unyieldingness; intoleranoe |
or s.o.), apply (« to s.o. or s.th.); to
iyi\ *i*&*0 fi. al-'vd sternness, severity,
be admissible, permissible («- in, at,
hardness, obstinacy, stubbornness, in-
with); to be valid, hold true (J for)
flexibility, relentlessness
II to put in order, settle, adjust, restore,

lJL-j tapallub hardness, callousneas, restitute (* s.th.), make amends, com-

hardening |
(jwl^l lJL-j t. aS-Saräyin pensate (* for); to mend, improve, a-
arteriosclerosis meliorate, fix, repair (* s.th.) III to

*i* mutafaüib nnyielding, inflexible,

make peace, become reconciled, make
up, reach a compromise or settlement
relentless, hard
(» with s.o.); tofoster peace (jwbetween),
-L# taiaba i (falb) to cruoify (• s.o.) II — I; reconcile (,>» people) IV to put in order,
to make the sign of the cross
(J* over); settle, adjust (j* or * s.th.), overhaul,
to cross o.s.; to cross, fold (* one's restore, restitute, rebuild, reconstruct;
arms) to make amends, compensate (^ or
 ; ;

&
a for); to mend, improve, ameliorate, «jOLJl muflag af-f. plenipotentiary

fix, repair (,> or * B.th.); to make (dipl.)

Buitable or fitting, adjust, modify (* Iv-^U ftdühiya =» *-*-"5L* falähiya

a.th.) ; to reform (> or * s.th.) ; to remove,
make arable «L»l aflah* better, more proper, more
remedy (,> or * B.th.); to
caltivable, reclaim, cultivate, correot; more pious, godlier; fitter, more
or tili,

promote, enoourage sui table

(a land); to furtber,

(» s.o.), make (* s.o.) thrive or prosper, * maflaha pl. j^L*. mafälih* matter,
bring good luok (• to s.o.); to make affair; requirement, exigency; that which
peace (Jo between), bring together (ju is benefioial, helpful, or promoting;
people), bring about an agreement (Jo advantage, benefit, interest, good, wel-
between), oonciliate (
ju people) VI to fare; offloe, authority, department,
make peace, make up, beoome reo- governmental agency, administration
onciled with one another VII to be put (cbiefly Eg.) | *tj^l\ jÜ^/l UJ-*- (mit*
in order, be righted, be corrected, be im- riya) Administration of Egyptian An-
proved, be ameliorated VIII = VI; to tiquities ; **"il I jtL— m. al- umma the
agree (J* on), aooept, adopt (J* B.th.) welfare of the people; Aj jJI <»!**• postal
X to deem (* s.th.) good, proper, Buit- administration; jj-U-I U>L^« administra-
able, fitting, usable, useful, practicable, tive agenoy for the territories outaide
or serviceable; to make arable, cultiva- the cultivated area (Eg.); «-y&-1 £L«1I
ble, reclaim (a land) (hukümiya) the governmental agencies;
4»m«]| <»J-*- m. o^iWw health office;
-L» pvih peace, (re)conciliation, settle-
**UI 4mL«1I ('ämma) public welfare,
ment, compoflition, oompromiae; peace
commonweal ; o*$i <xl.^» J in s.o.'s
(pol.) t peacemaking, oonclusion of peace |

interest; li— xl lj <^JL*11 j (ma/«da)

~LJl rU- (Syr.) justice of the peace;
good and bad times, for better or for
^LJl ^U do.; jJl-JI <ij~ü qafawiyai
in
worse ; u^i 3*J-«1 in s.o.'b favor, for the
af-fi. Jurisdiction of the ^LJl ^«iÜ
benefit of s.o., to a.o.'s advantage, on
jj~0 pulhi of peaoo, peace (adj.); behalf of s.o., in a.o.'s interest; f.u-
arbitrative, arbitrational, arbitratioa- ö'Ü ji-L— to serve s.o. 's interests

(in Compounds) |
S-JL* *^r {tojna) ar-
jyX— mo^IoAt administrational, official,
bitration oommittee
governmental
palah goodness, properness,
f&+ «JL*; ia#IiA pl. -Ä restoration, resti-
rightness; nsability, practioability, um-
tution, mending, fixing, overhauling,
fulness; righteousness, probity, piety,
repair, improvement, amelioraüon
godliness
Ü-L— mvfäiaha peace, conoiliation
Zf-^L* falähiya auitability, fitness,
compromise; composition, settlement
appropriateness, aptness; efflciency;

usability, practioability, usefulness, uae, r-^L^I t#iöA pl. -öi restoration, resti-

worth; servioeabüity, proper or work- tution, redressing, reparation; improve-

ing condition (e.g., of a maohine) ment, amelioration, betterment, mend-

competenoe; validity, applicability; (pl. ing, oorrection ; reoonstruotion ; recon-

-ät) füll or mandatory power, power of at- ditioning, repair; renovation, refur-

torney, also **U «-»-"iL* (t&mma) |. 0L4*- bishing; adjustment, settling, remedy -

i_»-^LJ! iitVi oompetent authorities; JÜ»* ing, removal, elimination; restoration of

 523

order, eetablishment of peaoe, happineas ^L** muslih peacemaker, oonoiliator;

and order; reformation, reform; reola* reformer, reformist; aalt
mation, oultivation (of land); (re)oon-
plU-— musfalah and 4,1» pU«-— gwwndly
ciliation, settlement, oompromiae, peace-
aooepted, univeraally followed, oommonly
inaking (,ju between)
establishod, oonventional, ouatomary;
l
y'$~*\ tfläht reformatory, reforma- (pl. -ät) teohnieal term, terminus teoh-
tional, reform- (in Compounds); re-

former, reformist y'^~»l -i+** (ma'had)

reformatory, houae of oorreotion
| l

oL* sttfada (o^ saläda, ö^L* svlüda) to be

or become hard, firm, solid, oompaot
V-'iL»! »p2a^yareviaioiiism,refonnism; (ground) IV = 1
(pl. -ät) reformatory, houae of oorreotion
-iL* said pl. j^-I aslOd hard, firm,
iLJ tasälvh (re)eonoiliation solid, dry, barren, arid (ground); rigid,

lifeleas, inert
^jÜmI itfildh pl. -dt agreement,
Convention, practica, uaage; (oolloquial, jjL» fv&Üda hardness, firmness, solidity
linguiatio) uaage; teohnieal term, ter- (of the ground)
ivtiniia teohnioua
'*~*L* (It. salsa) fal^a pl. -ät and ^aL*
|
y'^LMtft isftldJkt oonventional ; teoh- sauoe >Jj;L LaL» mayonnaise
|

nieal (of a term)

JmJL* salfaJa to ring, olink, olank; to
»•V— =*•! istisl&h reclamation, oultiva-
olatter, rattle II tasalsala do.
tion
iLJL» palsaJa clank(ing), olatter(ing),
iL* fSiih good, right, proper, aound;
olash, rattle
thorough, substantial, downright, out-
and-out, aolid; virtuou», pioua, devout, jLaL» salsäl dry clay, argülaceous

godly; uaable, uaeful, praoticable, servioe- earth

able, fitting, auitable, approprlate (J for);

j^LLc mupalfah — pU — shallow, ahoal, flat
(pl. i ]j~* sawälih') advantage, beneflt,
intereat, good, welfare | iL-Jl <JJ_II »L* saXCa a (saia') to be bald
(«2a/) the worthy anoeston, the vener-
»L» paia' baldneas
able forefathers; j*Jl iL* («ir) pass-
able, praoticable (read); J*JI iL* i*L* svta, saia'a bald pate, bald head
r
( amal) fit for aotion, ready for ose, £U o*Zo'», f. *LU *aT<P, pl. £+ fuT,
serviceable, praoticable; valid (J for), OLL* pui'dn bald(-headed)
applicable (J to); fUl £UJl ('ämm)
public welfare, oommonweal; iL* j **L# abbreviation of the eulogy following
(with foll. genit.) in favor of, for the the name of the Prophet Mohammed:
benefit of, to the ad rantage of, in the ^ *JU J-* (mUd, *aüam)
-il God bleu
intereat of s.o. or a.th.; iL*) do.; ,y üS* him and grant him salvation!
4*-L» it was in his intereat; <_«»!*? i|^«
u-äL* salifa a (palaf) to boast, brag, bluater,
i&akptya) personal intereets
V — I

oU-LJI as-sälihdt the good works, the

<_äL# salaf vainglory, bragging, boast-
good deeda
ing, oonoeit, arrogaooe, pompoaity, seif-

iU*L* mvs&lih peacemaker, oonoiliator import&noe

 ;

524

iüL» jaJt*/ pl. »UL» fulaff* vainglorious, -* famna (Ist pera. perf. famimtu) a (^tmm,
biagging, boastful, showing off, pompons, *jf famam) to be or beoome deaf; —
blustering, a waggering; braggart, boaster, pamma (Ist pers. perf. pamamtu) u
ahow-off, swaggerer, fonrflusher (pamrn) to olose, plag, oork, stopper

vainglory, bragging, (* B.th., e.g., a bottle) II to deafen (.

l-'iI ,«T tafaäuf
boasting, oonceit, arrogance, pomposity,
s.o.); to make np one's mind (J* to do
s.th.),determine (J* upon, to do s.th.),
self-importanoe
resolve, be determined (J* to do s.th.),
tjJ.^1. mvtafaüif vainglorious, brag-
deoide (J* on, to do s.th.); to persist
ging, boastful, showing off, pompous,
(J* in); to design (* s.th.); to plan
blustering, waggering
(* s.th.), design (J * s.th. for) IT to
jL» n to perform the salat (SjL» see be or beoome deaf; to deafen (• s.o.),

below), pray, worship J

^-UL» J^ to make (• s.o.) deaf (*, & to B.th.) VI to
lead people in prayer; J* J-» to pray for; gjve a deaf ear (
j» to)
(of Ood) to bleta s.o.: ^, «J* dl J-» «* fiimma plng, oork, stopper
(joflam) Ood bleu bim and graut bim
salvationt (eology alter the zuune of the
*** famam deafhess |
j* ^j üS"

Prophet Mohammed) to be deaf to s.th.

•yL», 5}L* eaiäh pl. c>\J-0 palawät f

U* fim&m pl. -dt plug, oork, stopper

salat,

interoesaion,
the offlcial Islamio prayer ritual;
interoessory prayer, bene-
valve;

f.
tube (radio)
al-amän (al-amn) safety valve;
| (yi\) uU^I
O
^
fl**

diotion; blessing, grace (of Ood) | I^-Jl f

>Ul reotifier tube; jp fL— «Jl **j to let

(raböäniya) the Lord's prayer; s.th. take ita course, give free rein to
*j\*J\
Ijljtll !}L* a prayer performed doring s.th. (also to a feeling)
the nighta of Ramadan; jb-Jl l^L- vesper O 4»l** pammäma embolism (med.)
prayer (CAr .)
ptf ^omfm innennoat, heart; core,

J*»* mufoKm prayer, worshiper essenoe, marrow, pith ; true, sinoere,

J*** mu^aOan plaoe of prayer, oratory genuine | »-IUI *jf j* (ß. ü-qalb) from
the bottom of the heart, wholebeartedly,
jjL» aolfin salon, parlor, reosption room
most sincerely; ...,** J amid, in;

J-» «o&S » (soiy) to roast, broil, fry {# s.th.); — *—Jl j *jj*0 to affeot s.o. to the very
sottya a (paJan, fuify, »^— ^üa") to burn oore, touoh s.o. most deeply
(intr.; i-» or » in); to be exposed to the
^t* ^amimi oordial, hearty
blaze of (v or a) n to warm, heat (v *
s.th. with or on) IV = II (>* s.th. on or **l ajumm', f. »Ix* pammä'*, pl. **
with); to make (• 8.0.) burn (* in, esp. fufiun, üU* fttmmän deaf; hard and
jUI in the fire) |
IjvJI j- [>Li oL»l tfnrn) solid, massive (rook); *-»*JI the deaf

to make s.o. undergo the mort excru- one, epithet of the month of Bajab |
J*i

oiating pangs of jealonay; IjU oL*l to **l (JTJ) triliteral verb with identioal

aet s.th. on fire; to fire at s.o. or s.th. seoond and third radioal, verbum mediae
(m«J.) V to warm o.e., seek wannth (<_» geminatae (gram.); £L*I **l (aflaje)

at, by, jüb by the fire) Vin = V | V stone-deaf; *-*! ji>- (jatfr) irrational or

•jbj JUflj (yuffalä bi-närihi) invinoible, aurd root (math.); «Ix* <jT willing tool

a great hero --™«j tofimim determination (J* for,

JL** mutfalan fireplaoe to do s.th.), resolution, decision; resolute

 sss

aotion; tenaoious pm-suit (of a plan); JIa** famadänl etemal, ererlasting

planning, projeoting; design, detigning
Silr* fimäda (ir.) headoloth (wom by
(e.g., of a dress); (pl. -<«, ^U^ tafdmim 1
)
men)
plan; design; sketoh Ö^U r- ''
|
,y
deaigned by so-and-so pMS famfama to persist j in)
(

I*—
** musammtm determined (J* to fauma'a
***j~* pl. ,*-[>-» sawdmt'* monk's
do s.th.) | *LjV< *-~~ fashion Creator,
( oell, hermitage; silo (for grain storage);
designer
{mar.) minaret

cjf pamata u {tarnt, £>jf sumJU) to be

jt* Uto gum (* s.th.); to paste, glue (*
silent, be taoiturn, hold one'a tongue, s.th.) IT to exude gum (tree)
hush up, be or beoome quiet or still

II to silenoe {. s.o.) IV = II
£r* famQ pl. '^f fumü^ gum;
nein |
JJL- £r* mucilage; Jj» £f*
tarnt silence j silently. ('arabi) gum arabio; dUI ir* *. ai-lakk
qnietly shellao; öj» ir* (marin) rubber, oaou-
•^y tumüt silenoe; pl. of act. parti- tohouo; j-u* £r* (hindl) do.;
Jbjor oa-j. rubber trees
i—Jl ^
oiple c-L»

C>jsf famüt silent, taoiturn jir" «am£i gummy, gummiferous,

gumlike, muoilaginous
C-L» fämü pl. £sy? fumüt silent |

Ji*L» ^* silent film g~*~*j tafmtQ gumming; reiinifioation

1
j—m** mufmai uniform (oolor); piain, Jf' fomaJa u (fand) to be firm, be hard,
unpattemed; blank (wall); uniform in hold one'a ground, stand firm, hold out,
texture, made of a Single material last, endure
massive, solid, not hollow, oompaot
J** flanü rigidity, stifiheu, | Jj»- J**
£U* * (?1/i)rigor mortis
pimfy pl. I
ofmifea auditory
meatua •«J^r* pamtila pl.
J-'j-» saudmiP, Üj-L»
«dmäfa pL J—'j-» saudmtt1 nut (of a boH),
•Le* tamada u (tamd) to betake o.a., repair,
rivet
go (*, . or J or Jl to, into, toward); to
turn, apply o.e. (* or J or Jl to s.th.); — £*** «tnOdj: pl. £jle* «amdK#* earwax,
(a^s* fumüd) to defy, brave, withstand oarumen
(**tj J ß wajhihl or J s.o., s.th.); to
stand up (<^j j or J against s.o. or j? IV to deal (• s.o.) a fatal blow; to hit

(*, . s.o., s.th.) fatally jf\i t/j ramd

s.th.), resist, oppoee (<f»-j j or Jl s.o. |

or s.th.) ; to hold out (<t»»j j or J against); fa-a^mä to shoot and hit, shoot dead on

— t to dose, plug, cork, stopper (*

the spot

s.th., o.g., a bottle) II to betake o.a.,

j«ß fiann basket
repair, go (• to s.o., * to, toward); to
'<-» finna odor emanating from the
close, plug, cork, stopper {* s.th., o.g.,
armpit
a bottle) ; to sare, lay by (money) in to
come to blows, fight (• with s.o.) öL-* sundn odor emanating from the
armpit
Jx* fiamad lord; eternal, ererlasting
(epithet of God) •j L-* «inndra pl. j*i ^-* aandnJr1 hook, fishhook
 526

sunbfir pl. juL* fanäbfr1 (water) stilted, or mannend way; to use means

fauoet, tap for enhaneing her beauty (woman) Till to

Order, oommisaion (* s.th.); to create
jj~» look up alphabetioally (» e.th.) synthetioally; to produce,
manufaoture, make, fabricate (* s.th.);
,-: - fantim pl. -dt Centime (>/ih frano)
to pretend, feign, fake, aasume falsely
i^. fanj pl. >-» Jim«) cymbal (mw.| (» s.th.); to invent (» s.th.); to make
E
(J * s.th. into), take, use (J • s.th. for);
'«^i »inj'a = 'i~i-
to commit, bind (J • s.o. to) X to have

(• s.o.) make (* s.th.)

oU-U *an«4jat oastanet»
-• - fan', sun' produotion, manu-
mw" » pan/agiya aee Jm^*
faoture, fabrioation, makuig, design,

make, workmanahip J-Jl £*» 9- al-yad

JjO^. findtd pl. .oiL.» umidScP leader, |

notable; brave, valiant

band work; £_JI m-o badf af-fan' of won-
derful workmanahip
jjx^ »ujuMj, fandiq pl. ^jli-» #a«Aßj*
ji^0 fan'l artifioal, aynthetie
crate, box; ehest; trank, auitease; caae,

oabinet; money box, tili, coffer; pay £-0 tun' benefit, favor
offlee, treasurer's offiee; any publio
4«i^ stm'a work, workmanahip, mak
Institution where funds are depoaited
ing, manufaoture, fabrication; art; teeh
and diabnraed for a apeolal purpoee (e.g.,
nical skill, artiatio skül; work, oraft,
aick fand, health insurance, etc.) |
jj-C-»
trade, business, ocoupation, voeation
-OjJI post-office box; i~ü£ll £j£-f mail-
profession |
Ui»JI v"^** artisan, crafts
box; JjJll -CfcJI jjx_» ». an-naqd ad-
man; expert, specialist
duwail International Monetary Fund;
jiß\ 3jX-0 savinga bank; j>C-» y) £-* *mS: J-Il £t-» ! al-yad sklllful,

(eg.) hunchback; Jj-£~JI Jul treasurer; skilled, dexteroua, deft

jjJ-.il jlj daftar o»-». cashbook
«L_» fini'a pl. -«, ^L-» pmSi'' art,

J.U-» aanrfol aandalwood; aandala; (pl. JiU.» skill; oecupation, vooation, oalling, busi-
«raUtl*) (freigbt) bärge; lighter, bärge ness, profession; handicraft; trade, araft;
industry; pl. branchea of industry, in-
!jl_» look up alphabetioally
dustries | *i*j^ S*li-» honorable, respeot-

'«i*» fana'a a (aan', sun*. ^«* *»***) to do, able trade; oltb-JI ^[>j\ the aitiaans,

make (• s.th.); to arrange, »tage, put on oraftsmen; »L-Jl J»-j rojuJ o»-#. in-

(» s.th.); to produos, build, manufaotura, dustrialiat; j>lj jILJI v^* 1

(*« ro/)

fabrioate, design (» s.th.); to work, artiaans and tradesmen

treat, prooeas (» s.th.) | Ujj«» «Jl ^-> to j~'t-« «anäVl artifloial, synthetio,
do s.o. a favor; %r- t
«*• £*» do.; * *j ^0 imitation; workmanlike, handioraft,
to do s.th. to s.o.; U*-i U-L» *j £*» to trade (adj.);induatrial; artisan, araftaman
do s.o. a dirty triok II to industrialize

(» s.th.) III to oooperate, go along (», • yl_. tintfi artifloial, synthetio, imi-

with); to flatter, oajole (• B.o.); to bribe tation; workmanlike, handioraft, trade

(»_. . s.o. with) T to pretend, feign, (adj.); industrial |

j-t^ ^ («irr) indua-

aimulate, fake, sham, affect (* s.th.); trial seoret; ^LJI ,>ill (/<mn) appUed

to apeak or write in an artifloial, affeoted. arts, arÜBtio handicraft

 027

£-i-» fianC aoüon, aoting, doing; act, genus, apeoiee, claaa, oategory; sex; U'-u»
deed; fact; good deed, benefit, favor; in kind (as opposed to: in oaah)
charge, protege; ereature, wüling tool;
tafinlf Classification, oategori-
meal, repaat, banquet
zation, aorting, aaaorting; compilation,
**J~» aanfa pl. ^b-» aondT* action, oompoeition, writing; (pl. J^Jl^Stafänff*)
deed; good deed* good tum, benefit, literary work
favor; charge, protege; ereature, wüling
«« , i ,.« T to*nf/a assortment, selection
tool

£«** mafna' pl. mUi ww^dn*** factory, -

'
'
* mvfannif author, writer

plant, mill, works; eatabliahment, firm; -"

' '
* m«*anno/ pL -dt literary work
£>L«* also: large atruoturea, installationa,
jk~ß fanfara to rub with sandpaper, to
man-made works | -JL*1I (<->UH) i^UjI
aandpaper, to emery (* a.th.)
mannfaotarers, indaatrialiats
jk-0 fanfar and ijiL* fanfara em-
• mapna'lya wagea, pay
ery
£**«j ta^nf indnatrialization
^0 fanam pl. #U**I ojmdm idol, image
£-*7 toaannit* hypoorisy, düeimulation,
diasemblement; affeotednesa, affeotation, y~+ fiinio pl. üi>«# pintuän, »b-^l apnd* one
manneriam of two, twin brother

gbk*l i^iwT produotion, making aanautorstonepine (Pinna pinea; bot.)

J

^LkJ itfin&l artifidal, aynthetio, jjr^Jft *_-*- habb ap-fi, pine nut, pifion

Imitation
J />-* *onau/wri pine (adj.) t piny, pine-
^iL# «dm* pl. j-jL* funnf maker, like; pineal | ö^_^uJ! ;xJl (§udda) pineal

producer, manufaoturer, creator; artiaan, gland

oraftaman ; worker, workman, laborer;

*^ «aA pst! huflh! quiett
servant

£>-*• mapnü' produot, produoe; pl.

Vt** IX and XI ifhdbba to be or beoome
il^-M reddiah, red-brown
(industrial) producta, produoe,
articlea, manufaotured goods v-*-»' afihab*, f. .L^ #aAM* a , pl. |
.-

£-*i* muiapanni' subtilizing, puhb reddiah; »Lf**JI wine

orerre-
fining; affected, atilted, mannend ^0 pahada a (pahd) to aoorch, parch, burn
^Jm* mutfana' artificial, synthetic; (*, • s.o., a.th., eep. of the aun)
affected, aimulated, imitated, aham, X+~* fiahd beat
bogus, phony |
£k*. ^bi, (miftdh)
duplicate key, masterkey Uf^ pahid soorching beat, blaze

±ji~* fuhüd soorching heat, blaze

*>\*l* Jan'd' 1 San'a (capital of Yemen)

j+~0 pahara a (fahr) to melt, fuse, smelt (*

J*^** II to sort, aasort, classify, categorize
a.tb.) III to become related by marriage
(* s.th.); to oompile, oompoee, write. (*
a book)
( j or . to s.o.) IT to beoome related by
marriage (Jl or u to s.o.) VI to be
J*^* *an/, fiinf pl. jl^l afinäf, J»^» related by marriage TU to melt, fuae;
funfi/kind, sort, speoimen; article (com.); to melt away, vaniah, break (intr.)
 j++ fihr relationship by marriage; of knowledge); to have, eat {* a snaok);
— (pl. jlf^l oaMr) husband of one's to take (a a meal); to befall (• s.o.),

daughter, son-in-law; husband of one's fall (• upon b.o.), happen (» to s.o.); to

sister, brother-in-law allot (y • to s.o. s.th.), bestow (<_* * upon
0.0. s.th.), make (i_< s.th.) fall to s.o.'s
j^ß tahlr molten, in fusion
(•) lot; to oanse losses (j* to s.o.); to be
_^La* ma$ähir* (pl.) smelting furnaoes; right, be in the right; to do the right
blast furnaoea thing, hit the mark; to do right, properly

0^4-*> mifhar pl. -<W fuse (ei.) (* s.th., expressed by a verbal noun); to
say the right word pass. <_u«# ufiba to be
;
I

•^L** mufähara relationship by mar-

stricken, attaoked, afflioted (y by a
riage; O afflnity
disease, and the liko); to be killed |

jL+**jI infihär melting prooess | O *iH-* obL»l ^L»l (itflbat) to score, make
j\J\ jl^VI nlk al-in*. at-vOqi fuse (ei.) goals (in sports); *l> j yL*! {'amaliM)
to do right, aot properly; w\j* <—*•*'
£.j4«, fihrtj, tahrtj pl. £j+* soMrf)1
to inour multiple wonnds; ÄjLJc ^a^I
oistern; largo (water) oontainer, tank
(bi-fcasdratin) to Buffer a loss; *jL*I ^ri«#l

neigh *4jXt (ifäbatan) to be hard hit, be griev-

J4*» fiahala a i
(J-*** fiakÜ) to whinny,
(horse) ou&ly afflioted X «_»j^u-t istafwaba
to approve (* of s.th.), sanotion (> s.th.)
J^* soAti whinny(ing), neighing
<-jj~* aau6 direotion, quarter; that
*j+~0 pabiM pl. fahawät, »1+^ fiihä' back (of
whioh is right, proper, or oorreot; pavba
a horse)
(prep.) in the direotion of, toward, to |

üj-+^ saAyfln*, also fihyaun* Zion ijj-ü yJ»- J^* t> {haddbin) or <->-• JT j>*

•~ii*-j or v>-*J p* (X »> U<*jj* n ) from all

Jj-4~* «oAyfini, ^iAyaunl Zionistio,
«des, from all directions, from all
Zionist
quarten, from everywhere; <-»>-»
J^ J
jwAyüntya, pinyaunfya Zion-
~*jjs4~+ V^j every place, everywhere, all over,

in all quarters

'(>->-») yL* JÄ&a u (saub, «ort-** ^aiM&a) i_*w payyib rain oloud
to hit (* s.th., the target); to be right,
iL» ptiba pl. -d? barvest (tun.)
hold true, be to the point, hit the mark,
be pertinent, be appoeite (opinion) | -~>L* ~>\y~* Pwtib that which is right, proper,

Uli ^1 (am aqWa) by all means, under or oorrect; right, proper, oorreot; right-
all oiroumstances II to direot, fix (Jl * ness, oorreotness, properness; reason, in-

s.th., also, e.g. f the glance on, to), aim, teileot, mind, oonsoiousness ; L> |^-» tawäban
point, train (Jl * s.th. at or on); to rightly, justly |
ulp
J* j» he is right;
agree (• with s.o.)* oonour (*, * with s.o., jX-\j <_jI^JI Sij^ ^" (b°W) to aot in

in s.th.), consent, assent (* to s.th.), exactly the right manner, pursue the right
approve (> of s.th.), sanotion (* s.th.) course; **!>-» Jt (*li) **-j to regain one's

IT to hit (* a target); to attain, reaoh, reason, get back to one's senses, beoome
achieve (* s.th., e.g., end, purpose); to reasonable again; vW -
P,'- ''» **!>"* "**• *°

reaoh out {* for s.th., of the hand); to lose one's mind; *Ay+ j» <->** to l086

get, obtain, win, gain (* e.g., a fortune), oonsoiousness; *t)y+ & «-JI* unoonsoious,

acquire (* s.th., e.g., a certain amount

 Jr

Vj~*' afwab* more pertinent, mon <Jj~* fautl sonant, sound- (in Com-
apropos, mon appoaite, more proper, pounds), vocal, sonic, acoustio ; resound-
more correct ing, resonant, sonorous; phonetio

*ji>-*' aptoabiya advisability, expe- oL^*« fautiyät phonetics

diency d\j~0 fuwät crying, shouting, olamor

*—i>-^ kvwtö uming; turning, poüit- £-±~* fit (good) repute, standing,
mg; (pl* -<U) correction, reotifioation prestige; fame, renown; celebrity, fa-

«L#l ipl&a mousness | iiu_«Jl Xu bv'd a#-p. fame,

pl. -ät hit; goal, score (in
celebrity; £a-*ll ^Tti famooa, celebrated,
Sport«); injury, wound; State or process
well-known
of being afflioted (by a disease), (attaok
of) illness, siokness; aocident
|
J-Jl «L#l £-i~* fayyit loud-voiced, baving a
i. al-'amtU indastrial aocident; iL* Vi J* stentorian voice; O loud-speaker {8yr.)
moAatf aJ-t. soene of the aocident
O ^[t-*- mifw&t microphone

<->]r*2*\ istiftvdb approval £~ij~*i iapwit voting, vote, Casting of

ballots, polling (election)
t—j*L#^S* impertinent, apropos, appoaite,

right, oorrect; niited, appropriate cJL* pä'it sound- (in Compounds) |

«--i-** mwptö pertinent, apropos, appo- O <JL* ^> sound film

aite, right, oorreot; suited, appropriate Oy~*> mufawwit voter; entitled to

vote, franchised
<a * mtMf6a pl. h«, *_JL*. matfTib*
misfortune, calamity, disaster rL# look up alphabetically

uU« mu^äfr stricken, befallen, at- £j~0 II to dry (* s.th.)

tacked, afflioted (^ by) ; injured, wound-
^j-»* mu^awwoA withered, dried (herb,
ed, flick, ill; wounded pemon, casualtyj
etc.)
victim of an aocident; misfortune,
calamity, disaster |
Jl ^L*. grievous l
(£j~*) £l~* (**&» tt = £U sdia u
misfortune, mouraful event, death
*£j-* *V to listen, lend one's ear (Jf or J to
*<*j~* (Turk. adba) ptibe stove (syr.) s.o., to s.th.)

(o>-*) oL# #3ta u o (taut) to ring, sound, jL# name of the letter
^
make a noise or sound; to raise one's
'Jj~* soda 1j jK" 1j^# (fcdwiya) caustio soda,
voice, shout II — I; to vote, cast ballots
|

sodium hydroxide; l^j-JI olju (nüröf)

(at an election)
Bodium nitrate
Oj-* paut pl. ojj^l a^utff aound (also
?ym *j*0 (Lat. sodium) sodium
pAon.); voice; tone, strain; melody, tune;
noise; fame, renown; vote; pl. interjec- *jj-* II to form, shape, mold, fashion,
tions {gram.) j
o^all Xu fru'd afi-p. fame, create (* s.th.); to paint, draw, sketch
celebrity; Cy«Jl m»-j raf afi-fi. echo, re- (*, . s.o., s.th.); to illustrate (with
verberation; oJj^lM 1*. '«7m aJ-a. phonet- drawings or pictures, * s.th.); to make
ics; Cj^«J! «y güwoi a^-p. volume, inten - a picture (*, * of s.o., of s.th.) ; to photo-
Bity (riwiio); fj— * <Z*j^* audibly; Oj-*u graph (*, • s.o., s.th.); to represent,
Jl* aloud; ^U[» ^>-»i (wäf**) softly, in a portray (* s.th., fig.) |
*j J>w* (fuuwira)
low voice, under one's breath it appeared to him, seemed to him
 ;

jy* 530

Y b pasB. of II; to imagine, fanoy, jj-ü tafawwur pl. -dt Imagination

oonoeive (* s.th.); to think (*, • s.o., (also philo».), fanoy, fantasy, idea
B.th.) to be s.o. or B.th. (>, •); to seem, oonception, conoept {philo«.)
appear, look (J to s.o.)
|
J*Jl vj~*^ V ijjfZ iafaunpuri y»i«fcing in Imagina-
{'aqlu) unimaginable, inoonoeivable, un- tion only» imaginary, fanoied, fiotitious |

thinkable
O iSjj-*^ «—»All {matfhab) idealism (as a
jj^ß für hörn, bügle; see also below phüosophioal sohool)

jj~** mvfawurir pl. -ün former, ehaper,

hj~* pfru pl- jj** fuwar form, shape;
fashioner, Creator; painter; photog-
pictorial representation, iUustration;
image, likeness, picture; figure, statue;
rapher; oameraman (motion pictures);

draftaman, commercial artist, Illustrator

replioa; oopy, oarbon copy, duplioate; j

manner, mode; füratan formally

ob*ßl jj~** the Creator of the Universe;
| hj**
^ÜJI J\jjr&\ jj—it {kahrabäX qaib)
«mU total pioture, overall pioture; jj~*
eleotrooardiograph
tS'j^Xß (mutaharrika) motion pioture, film;
~*ffd\ jj~*i\ jIa motion-picture theater, *jj~** mu^twini oamera
oinema; S—r* •»•* (SamHya) photo- jj*** mufawwar illustrated; — (pl. -ät)
graph; JV^I J> bj~ (tf&ffo *-<*')
photographer's studio; motion-picture
true oopy; exaot replioa (fig-); nn - studio Lij/^-l j>-** *n. al-fugräfiyd atlas
|

distorted pioture; *jSL> *jj~* (mukabbara)

1 Tyre (town in S Lebanon)
enlargement, blowup {phot.) ; jwJ>T bj~* 'jj-* ffi*"
j
in human shape; i-L- *j>-»j {jaltya) 1
uL«~* young chicken,
u-y-* £fl* pl. ptyd»
obviously, evidently; <*j—* *jj-*J per-
chiok {syr.)
oeptibly, tangibly, palpably; i-*U *jj-*>
%
(jäfta) eepecially, partioularly; **U *j>-*j &0y* ßaufä (eg.) to peep, cheep, squeak

('dmma) generally, in general; *jSL> *jj~*i

9y+ VII to turn on one's heel; to obey,
{mukabbara) increasingly, on a larger
yield, give in, submit (J to s.o., to
scale, to an inoreaaing degree; \>j~*\
s.th.)
«b^JL noticeably, markedly; !j^# J*
f-U* atf* pl. £>%*! a^vu', f'j^l o^wö',
V*W*^* (Hm*ya*fyo) ohemioally, by che-
mical means ; iil L Ij^ j in case that . .
j 1*1*0 ffän saa, a oubio meaaure of
.,

i^i (mujM^aro) on a reduoed varying magnitude fL«j UL» tit for

if ; •)>•* J |

scale, in miniature tat; >*U» f-LJl *J jj (nwWa, ptfatn) or

,>*U»j UL» *J JlT to pay s.o. baok
%Sjj-* £ürf, fwoart formal; superficial; twofold, bring double retaliation on s.o.
false, sham, deceptive, fallaoious; arti-

fioial, fictitioua, seeming, fancied, im-

UL» t&a Balon, parlor, reception room
aginary
Hif) i}* **&*
u ^
u9* **^* fiiyäga) to
jt>-»j tapwir drawing, sketohing; rep- form, shape, mold, fashion, oreate (*
resentation, portrayal, depiction; il- s.th.); to formulate (* s.th.); to coin (*

lustration; painting; photography, also a word); to fabricate, invent, make up

—
tr Ul j_y*d\ (Samsi); take (in motion
(a a He) | tUillj v*oJI £U {fahab, ß44a)

picture making) j j j**d\ ilT camera to work in gold and BÜver, practice the
art of goldsmithing
*jj-£ tapvXra pl. yjUJ tafävXr*
pictorial representation, image, pioture» 'fy+ fiau$ forming, shaping, molding,
Illustration fashioning, oreating
 531
üy*

iiu** ${§a forming, ahaping, molding, jouZa

<i»-» pl. -dt attack, assault;
fashioning, creating;
shape, form; ezternal
— (pl.
^
form; wording,
?iya$) foroe; tyranny, despotism, arbitrarineas

%
text, Version (e.g., ofaletter,of a treaty); 6y~* (Turk. *rf) approx.: sergeant major,

formula (in general, also maih., ehem.); teohnioal sergeant (Eg.) | Am J^

jewelry t gold and silver artioles; {gram.) approx.: master sergeant; ^.«J J^
form JcLill ii*M» the aotive {gram.); ii**»
approx. : quartennaster sergeant {mü.)
|

J»*Äll the passive foram.); «'l— U^uu in

o^j^t paulaßn pl U-l^ pauOlija staff
a deoided form, in no uncertain terms
with a curved end; polo mallet; scepter.
«iL-» 0»yd£a oomposing, drafting, word-
ing, forming, formulation, fashioning,
molding, shaping ((>") f -» ^«ö « (*»um, ^Lm* *»ydm) to
1

; goldsmithery, gold-
abstain (j» from s.th.); to abatain from
smithing
food, drink, and sexual interoourse; to
*L— ma$ä$ jewelry, je weis, gold and fast
silver artioles
|\t-* paum abstention, abstinenoe,
£JL* ptTtfl pl. j^L,» puyy&Q, «*L# pÄ0a,
abstemiousness; fasting, fast; fj^il fast-
£J^»
puwäQ goldamith, jeweler ing during the month of Ramadan, one

oUj-** mofügüt gold and silver jew-

of the five prinoipal duties of the Musüm
|

elry, goldsmithery, jewelry jy&\ pj^JI the Great Fast = Lent

j-L* Iook up alphabetioally

{Chr.);

Yom
jl^ül!

Kippur,
^
Day
if. '\d *.

of Atonement (Jud.)
al-$ufran

>j>-* £ü/ pl. J»^-*l tifwäf wool I»U- fiyäm fasting, fast

j^-» ffl/f of wool, woolen; Islamio c/L-» fiyämi Lenten fare

myBtio, Sun*
fL» pä'im pl. -fin, *j** fiuwwam,
Vj-* ffi/»y> Sufi way of life; <ij~J\ p* fiuyyan t pU- fiiyäm fasting (adj.);
Sufiarn (Islamio mysticism) faster, one who fasts

jU^» füfän tinder, touohwood, punk JUj-^JI a$-ßomdl Somaliland

illij«* ftüfäna tinder, touchwood, punk JI.J-* £om<U» Somali (adj. and n.)

lJ»!^# pawwäf wool merchant ***j-0 pauma'a see *c*

«J»j«*z)l ai-tapaunouf Sufism (Islamio
(j>-»} üL» ^öna u (p>un, ö'L^ fiyäna) to
mysticism), the Sufi way of life; mysti-
preserve, oonserve, keep, retain, main-
cism
tain, sustain, uphold (* a.th.); to maintain
*i_^odl al-mutapawwifa the Sufis, {* e.g., a maohine, an automobile); to
members of Sufi oommunities, mystios proteot, guard, aafeguard, keep, save
(je- *, * s.o., s.th. from); to defend (j* *, *
Li^-» 04/iytI Sofia (capital of Bulgaria)
s.o., s.th. against) V to uphold one's
(J>-») JL» #öZa u {faul, ii^* paula, honor, live ohastely, virtuously (woman);
JL-,
fiyäl) to Bpring, jump, leap (J* on), to shut o.s. off* seclude o.a., proteot o.s.
attack, assail, aasault s.o.) II to
(J* üj-* flaun preservation, conservation,
pan, wash out (* grain, gold) in to vie, guarding, keeping; susten(ta)tion, up-
compete (• with s.o.) holding; maintenance, upkeep, oare;
 ;

oy 532

protection, safeguard(ing), seouruig, de- -l_» sayyty orier, loud-mouthed per-

fense; ohastity, respeotabihty V"*-» |

son; noisy, olamorous, vociferous, orying

Oj-Jl honorary title of ladies of high olamor, roar,

^ LaJ (oaiyu^ orying,
social «Unding bellow(ing)

ü\j~» titaAt, fuwän pl. iij~t\ afwina

i(a_.) jL. «Aia t (aatf) to oatah (in atrap),
oupboard, ease
trap (» game); to hunt (» game); to
uV-. anuwdn (coli.; n. un. :) flint;
hunt down (» game); to oatoh (a fish)

granite V to hunt for prey ; to hunt down (* s.th.)

jl^. ammoliit: J-il»-» oljjl (adawSt) to oatoh (» s.th.) Vm - I |
.111 j jll^l

flint implements JU\ ('aUr) to fish in troubled waters

»iL* tiyfea = j>* »o«» |

HL-fl <!&* i
r faul hunting, hont; angling,

malak gaardlan angel (Chr.) fishing (also .il—JI 1—0 «. at-tamak);

at-f.
game, venison, prey, quarry |
i-* ,>
JL» fi'in preserrer, sustainer, main-
dLrf. (». j»y4l«*i) dreamed up by Mm,
tainer, keeper, guardian, protector; pro-
a produot of his fantasy (of a story)
teotive
jL_» tayyid pl. -flu hunter; naher
by** marin well-proteoted, well-kept, |

sheltered; ohaate, virtu-

)< ' H jL* s. os-samaa- fisher, fisherman;
well-goarded,
woman longfisher (zool.)
ous (woman); also an epithet for
,li_. satdA'* Sidon (city in Lebanon)
\y0 füwa pl. tSj~* fuwan Btone l a nd mark,
tiailmark ", -- mifyada pl. iL». <naalyt<P trap,

snare; net; hunting or fishing implement

jj^ «surf i (twAy) and tawiya o («au»*)
and II to dry up, wither, wilt; tavA — :j_u matyada pL JjL». maaJyW*
fishery, fishing grounds (also .-L-*.
to peep, oheep, squeak, ohirp, soreeoh
lll^l)

•iL» «dd name of the letter ^

üi-* paidaia apotheoary's trade; pharmaay,
yell, ahoat; to soream, saneoh; to orow;
a ory); pharmaoology
to ntter, let oat (1~^ Saroten
to oall oat (y to s.o.). »hont, bellow, Ji_. faidatt pl. ibL* tay&düa pharma-
bawl ( j or J» at s.o.) II to ory out (loud), oist, druggist, apotheoary

roar, bellow, bawl VI to shoat at one

JUx^r «tndoIAtl pharmaoist, droggut,
another, oall out to one another; to
apotheoary
olamor, raise a din
'-Ji-0 taidallya pl. JU pharmaoy drug- ;

>,< taik crying, olamor

store
o..„> faiha (n. vio.) pl. -« ory, outory,
hattle ory,
cUi-M faidaUyit drugs,pharmaoeutios
ahoat | v.A' «"»» '• «HK,r*
war oryj C<U-* J-jl (orsolii) to utter (jv<) jL. »flro » (»»•>, »jjj^» •«**». j^*-
oriesj i^» r*-» t° utter * T» *""** J*
"
mosir) to beoome (» s.th.); (with fall.

within ahouting distanoe; alj j *- , .* >--aa

imperf.) to begin, oonunenoe, Start to...,
(foiAatan) to die unheard (oall) oome to..., get to..., gel into a Situa-

L_» fiyiJA orying, olamor, ory, outory; tion where..., get to the point where...;
r
ory of a bird to set in, ocour, happen, oome to pass,
 833
Jl*

take place; to fall to s.o.'s (J) lot, lii j.1 ÜLjfl J»L, (zamdnu am iatä) at
befall (J s.o.); to betake o.a., come, all times, under all circumstanoea II, V,
get (.U* or Jl to); to arrive (Jl at); to VIII = I
end, wind up (Jl with), result (Jl in);
<-*r-» ***/ pl. .JL^I aßy&f summer
Jl *j jU# to lead, bring s.o. or B.th. to;

Jl jUu (yu^dru) one proceeds to..., one jsr* faiff aummery, estival, summer
eventually..., (•dj-) jr-> *^-J> daylight-saving time
will one will wind up I

with... II to induce (• s.o.) to beoome Jt—— mapif J^L^, mafäyif*

pl.
(* s.th.), make (* • b.o. into s.th., out of summer summer resort; rest
residence,
s.o. s.th.) center, holiday camp
>» flir crack (of the door) ; Bmall saltod .jUwl iftiy&f summering, Bummer
fish
vacationing

hjj^* tairüra (act or proceas of) be- ü>L» pä'ifa summer(time)

coming, development; end, outcome,
upshot, result
J»lk-«- muffäf summer resort; (pl.
-ün) vacationist, summer visitor
s~** mapir development, progress (e.g.,

of work); — (pl. yL», ma&yir*) place at ir-Jl aß-ßin China; tho Chinese
|
J^l >-*,

which one arrives end, outoome, upshot,

;
China
issue, result; fate, destiny, lot; life; see
Jr-* fiinl Chüiese (adj. and n.); porce-
also under ^a. j^i\ j J£ self-deter- china
^ Jf ^
| lain,
mination (pol); m . kuüi
hayyin the way of
V^* ßiniya (syr, fiiniya, Üb. fainiya)
all flesh
pl. J\j~* pawäni a large, round metal
s~*ü tapyir cession, transfer (jur.) plate with raised brim, esp. one made of
~*
copper, used as baking tin, serving tray
t*?" ßfyiya pl- tf^W* payä^in spur of the
and table top; tumtable, also «S^-w l,,:.^
rooster
(mvtaharrika); pl. chinaware, porcelain
5i--# see £j~* vessels

(•J*^) J»L» fäfa i (ßaif) tobesummery; to ö\j^ fiiwän pl. ,>_jl^-

-ät, pawäwin* (large)
spend the summer, estivate (* or ^ in) |
tent, pavilion, marquoe

jLi <ßd name of the letter ^; a sound slight, sparse, feeble, faint, thin; to
peculiar to Arabic, hence: jLi)l J*l ahl diminish, dwindle, wane, decline, shrink,
a4-4- the Arabic-speaking peoples, the decreose VI = I
Arabs; jLJI ,U do.; jU)I jIUI the
Arabic-speaking countries; iLiJI üLi 4a'äia (illij. 4%dla) Bmallness,
iiJ Zutfoi

a^-^. the Arabic language littlencss, tininess; minuteness, Bcant-

iness, meagerness, slightness, sparsity,
J^ (^a'uia u (l'Ui 4a*äla, ~*ijj*i 4u'üia) to paucity, feeblenesa, faintness, thin-
be small, tiny, Utile, Bcanty, meager, nesB ; waning, dwindling, diminution.
 ;

jl> 634

shrinking, ahrinkage; amall a.th.) acourately, precisely, metioulously,

decrease;
number or well; to render preoise, define pre-
oisely (» s.th.); to regulate, adjuat (»
«Jj_}_; iu'Ma = iiLi <fa'ila
s.th., e.g., tccAn.); to detennine precisely
JJLJ aVÖ pl. JlW oV<Ö, 'Vj-i oVoM"' (Uf taiimalan the apelling and pro-
small, tiny, minute, little f scanty, nunci&tion of a word), vowel(ize) (a a
slight, meager, apane, feeble, faint, tbin word); to observe atrictly, keep ezaotly

= Ut> aVai» (a time) ; to regulate, settle, put or keep

JjLiJ luffful
in order (a s.th.); to oorreot (a s.th.);
Ä«L» a'äma checken to enter, book, reoord, regiater (a s.th.);
to measure off exactly, measure out (a
uLl (ia'n sheep (coli.)
s.th.), take exactly the right amount, the
JLl aVt'nt, fidni mutton (meat) right proportion (» of) vn to be de-

tained, be held back, be held up; to be

JL» aVin sheep
regulated, be kept in order, be diaclplin-
*__; «Vt6oa »'
(0Y1M) to take hold (J» of s.th.); ed; to be determined, be eatablished, etc.
to keep under lock, put in safekeepmg, (pass. of Qabafa.)
guard oarefully (J» s.th.) II = I; to bolt
t-
- ifabf oapture, apprehenBion,
(» the door) IV to be foggy (day)
arreat(ing), detention; restraint, suppres-
!_; oYiM pl. yU tfibäb, !__;! 0^1106, sion, subdual, curb(ing), cheok(ing)
üL_i tfubbän lizard control; seizure, impoundage, distraint,

<toA6 (ep.) front teeth

connaoation; accuraay, oorreotnesa, exact-
u«*
vowelization; oorreo-
w oViooa pl. -öf, v^~* #&tf° door bolt,
itude,
tion,
preoision;
amendment, settlement; regulation,
latch; wooden look
adjuatment of an apparatus (techn.);

vW-* oVAlo fog, miat (pl. iy—i (luWJ) protocol, minute«,

prooea- verbal; entering, entry, record,
j*i Qabara u to gather, collect, assemble
registry; liu~J tfabfan acourately, exactly,
yUi #Mro, ivbära and vi—»I «#Mro precisely, punctually | U t
,« I L = IL-*

pl. juLil aottMr" file, dosaier tjabfan; ^bV .!—» 4- al-ar&ii oadaatral

vQbür doaaier
Burvey; oll_J-l i—i bookkeeping; i~i
j_yri\ file,
•mJJI ((. ai-idkwa abstemiouaness, conti-
-_* fabaha a (a\ioA) to blacken (* a.th., nence; «jjliJI ilS»VI -U—» (ooärfya) ca-
said of fire); to snort (horse) dastral survey; ^jJd\ ±—0 self-control,
-
self-command; t
t
-1* J^rT fotä* o4-4~
i^_i oViiafa t u (aV>6() to grab, grasp, Beize,
control apparatua, Controlling device;
catch, apprehend, azTest, detain (*, •
.!—«II 0* jl» ('*»") unvowel(iz)ed
b.o., s.th.), take hold (», . of s.o., of
"_i - fabtiya polioe atation ; police
s.th.); to keep, hold, retain (* s.th.); to t

tackle lesolutely, master, overcome {* «U—u maftata pl. JuLi» mafäbil' pro-
s.th.), cope (< witüB.th.); to have (»s.th.) tocol, minutea, proces-verbal
under oontrol, have oommand (a over
lUül ir4ibW discipline | ±\~Ji"i\ U;
s.th.); to restrain, hold back, keep
lajnat td-in#. diaciplinary board
down, aubdue, check, curb, oontrol

(», • s.o., s.th.); to seize, distrain, im- .UjL» #äbif Controlling device, control,

to do governor, regulator (tecAn.); prepositor

pound, confiscate (* a.th.); (*
 ;

635 dU>
entrusted with disoipline (in Eg. sohools); j& dajar annoyance, irritation, vexa-
(pl. JpU; dubbäi) offleer; (pl. U\^i tion, anger; dissatisfaction; disoontent,
datväbip) general rule, canon, (moral) displeasure; sorrow, worry, grief
preeept or Order |
jA J*jL* senior offleer;
jf? dajir annoyed, irritated, angry,
jj*L J»jL> subaltern officer; i_Ä*aJI _k»L>
vexed; morose, sullen; dissatisfied, dis-
^. a$-$aff pl* •J^-dJl J»L«* noncommissioned
content, displeased, uneasy, restless
officer; £jj~*\\ J*jI> £. af-paut volume
worried, grieved, troubled
control (radio); J»jLi ijt^ paff £. pl.

J»l— > <Ju« noncommissioned officer; jw j hmii mu$jir annoying, irritating, ex-
Vj iiUi (§air) completely unre- asperating, irksome, tedious
£j»b
strained, out of all control j*-*"-.» mutadajjir = jj* dajir
iluLi (tdötfa police; (pl. <m^# do g* daja'a a (daf, 9y* dujü') to lie on
tttSÄif) ourbing force, order
one's side, lie down; to lie, rechne, be
J^~ä> ma4büf aecurate, exaet, correct, prostrate; to aleep III to lie, hare sexual
right, precise intercourse (U with a woman) VII — I
VIII (jpJfcil and £>l iddaja'a) = I
r
£~i $ab , dabu* f., pl. *L> <£iW, «^1 a<&u f

•t***» daj'a (n. vic.) lying poaition,

hyena
lying, recumbency; slumber
^i VIII to take under one'a arm •Urf«* duja'a, duj'a Iate riser, Blugabed,

>> dibn armpit sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert

i

jj# dufi late riser, slugabed, sluggard,

i

£* dajja t {dajj, j^-f* (fe/v) to be noisy,

lazybones; lazy, aluggish, inert
boisterous ; to clamor, shout, raise a
hue and cry IV = I a^ dajV one aharing the bed; bed-
fellow; comrade, companion
**f dajja cry, yell, outcry; clamor,
*»>-*• madja' pl. ,»j»-Li* maddji'* couch,
noiae, din, row, hubbub, tumult
bed | <»vÄ< i*-l he lay down (to sleep);
-_jf*? dajlj cry, yell, outcry; clamor, ******* *i\ aqadda madja' akü or Äi\
noiae, din, row, hubbub, tumult j*^*ill «J* or 4a^Jm jÜI (ma4ja'ahü) to
deprive cf sleep
ry* dajüj roaring, bellowing, scream- s.o.

ing, crying »»-Li. mudäji* bedfellow

•^t*** dajjäj violently roaring, bellow- ^Lu mudfaja' couch, bed

ing, screaming, crying, boisteroua, up-
v^ä** dahdaha to vibrate, flicker (mirage);
to shatter, break, crush II to vibrate,
j*9 dajira a (dajar) to be angry, annoyed, flicker (mirage)
irritated, exasperated (j* or <_j at,
•^Lä*' dahdäh shallow, shoal, flat
about) ; to be dissatisfied, discontent,
(water)
displeased (,>. or <_^ with); to sorrow, be
worried, uneaay (j. or <_^ about), be dls* dahiha a {dahh t #thk t dahik) to laugh
disquieted, grieved, troubled (j* or or j* at, about, over); to jeer, Bcoff,
<_^
(v
by, over) IV to anger, vex, irritate, jibe (<_. or Jp or j* at s.o., at a.th.),
trouble, torment (» s.o.). diaquiet, dis- deride, ridicule, mock, scorn (i_j or Jp
comfit, aggrieve (• s.o.) V = I or ^ s.o., s.th.) |
«Jxl »J* <&* [bi-mü'i
 ;-
; . ;

dU> 536

Hdqaihi) or 4-ixi .J* il*» (m*Ta) to grin JV dahi ahallow, shoal, flat; a shatlow, a
from ear to ear; -UL. jj je- £l** (durrin shoal
muntufdadin) (to- lsugh by ahowing
the teeth), to Bhow
>
( (J
and j**) U* dahä u (dahw, ftuAüw)
Btringed pearls, i.e.,

a toothy smile ; to grin from ear to ear

to becomo viaible appear j* , ; —
dahiya a (IV dahan) to beoome visible,
oj J» di> ((ia^miA*; pl. p+jj» Je) (eg.
appear; to be Struck by the sun's rays
&yr.) to fool s.o., make a fool of s.o., pull
II to Bacrifice, offer up, immolate (v
s.o.'a leg,

aroiwd by the noae

make fun of
(<_ with
b.o., lead
a.th.),
b.o.

put
s.th.) |
4-ii; ^
,jJd Ij to Baorifice
to sacrifice
life
o.b.

and property
;
^
^PiiJlj
on an act for s.o.; <eii j *il> (daganihi)
(properly: the aoul and that which is
to laugh in s.o. 's face II to make (• s.o.)
precioua) IV to be, become; with foll.
laugh III to joke, jeat, banter (* with
imperf.: to begin, start, cömmence, or
s.o.) IV and X to make (• s.o.) laugh (j*
8et about to (do s.th.); to oome to..., get
about) | J&JI iUJü L {taklä) (that
to..., get to the point where..., get into
which makes a woman who has lost her
a Situation where . .

child laugh =) irreaistibly comioal VI to

laugh «y* dahwa pl. dahawät forenoon
morning
i±U* dahk, ditfc, dahik laugh(ing)
laughter s* duhan (m. and f.) forenoon |
j»
UlVj «JL* (aHyatin wa-tfuhähä) over
5SO ddkka (n. vic.) pl. -äl laugh
night, from one day to the next, all of a
i£> dvJiloa object of ridicule, laugh sudden
ingstock
«-V dahiya forenoon; — (pl. OLV
llfti* dahük frequently, or conatantly, dahäyä) slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,

laughing; laugher immolation; victim | <^ £j or ^_-»i

(dahiyatahü) to fall victim to, become a

fil> dahhäk frequently, or oonatantly,
viotim of s.th. or s.o.
laughing; laugher; joker, jeafaer, wag,
buffoon j^\ adhan (coli.; n. un. «UH adhäh)
slaughter animal, blood sacrifice, im-
l£j*\ udhüka pl. dJL-Ul adähti*
molation (j^Vl ±* '*<* a'-°- tne Feaat
object of ridicule, laughingstock; lark, |

of Immolation, or Qreater Bairam, on

spree, hoax, practical joke
the lOth of Zu'lhijja; ^Vl j»_h.
yaum
t!X**\adha& more ridioulous, more aUa. the Day of Immolation, i.e., the
laughable, more ludicrous, funnier, more lOth of Zu'lhijja
oomical
S-Vl udhlya pl. ^-Ul adähl y* alaughter
&»»*« madhaka object of ridicule, animal, blood sacrifice, immolation
laughingstock
',— *' tadhiya sacrincing, immolation;
iUL; dähik pl. J*-\jJ davOhik* (pl. -dt) Baorifice
laughing |
jJ\ **L-L» d. as-nnn cheerful,
A~i dahin: U~J& ^L» sunlit
gay, sunny
**-Li dahiya pl. ^jJ* .dawäJUn sur-
ifl^,^- mudhik ridiculoua, laughable,
loundinga, Ticinity, ontakirta; auburb
ludicrous, droll, funny , oomioal ; co-

median, buffoon, jeatei |

,jf*«i* mvdahhan place where one has
(qiffa tamtiliya) oomedy breakfast
 537

r»~# dajcka u (fafck) to apurt, spout, squirt (* •Ui didda (prep.) against .uill
J* j(f
|

water) diJJ Ja to do or think the opposite, take

*i*jL> midafefca pl. -äl squirt, spray(er)
an opposite stand

pump |
*j!Ju- *1*Jl* (ja&Ulba) suction *lX*i ixddiya contrariness, opposite-
pump; (JjjJ-l) JhIA' ****** Are engine; ness, Opposition; enmity, hostility, ani-
i*iL) *»»**« suction pump mosity

jj*" dahuma u (ÖIÜ* (fojtfma) to be or jUä* mudädda contrast, opposite,

become big, large, bulky, heavy, gross, contradiotion
voluminous II to inflate, blow up (a
jLäj tadädd contrast, opposite, oontra-
s.th.) V to swell, become inflated; to
diction
expand, distend
jLä* mudädd opposed, opposite, con-
j*j*" dakm pl. *IÜ» difräm big, large,
trary, oounter-, contra-, anti- (in Com-
sizable, great (also of a name, of pres-
pounds); pl. dbL*. antidotes | oljLi.
tige); bulky, gross; heavy, voluminous,
huge, vost, ample, colossal; stout, cor*
Jj-Ji (habal) contracepti ves ; d j Li*
I

4j_ri» (haSarxya) inseoticides ; ol.iLi.

pulent, plump, buxom ; magnificent,
iLjJI (U-l-fasäd) antisepties
splendid, gorgeous, luzurious, pompous |

4**-m*JI i-A* all (midfa'iya) heavy artillery jUii* muiadädd contrary, opposite

Öljaf» dakäma bigness, largeness, great« i farra u (darr) to härm, impair, prejudice,
ness; bulkiness, grossness; heavineas; damage, hurt, injure (a, • s.o., s.th.), do
volume, voluminosity; Btoutness, plump-
härm, be harmful, noxious or injurious
ness, corpulence, obeaity; pomp, splendor (a, * to s.o., to s.th.) II to damage, härm,
j teujLhim inflating prejudice III = I; IV = I (<~> or a, •);
to ibrce, compel, ooerce, oblige
« J^Jü tadakkum inflation ; s wellin g, (J* «
s.o. to); to do violence (» to s.o.), bring
expansion, dilation, distention; (mone-
pressure to beer (• on); to add a second
tary) inflation, also (^-iü) JL. *iwkJ
wife to one's household V to be damaged,
(naqdi) |
JUUI ^Ju distention of the
harmed, impaired, prejudiced, hurt, or
spieen (med.)
injured; to suffor damage or loss; to
1*^*1* mwfab&im pl. -ät amplifier J
complain (j- of, about) VII to be
£jj+*i\ m. ap-paut loud-speaker damaged, harmed, impaired, prejudiced,

i
hurt, or injured; to suffer damage or
III to be contrary, opposed, oontrosting,
loss VIII to force, compel, ooerce, oblige (•
antagonistic, inverse; to act, set o.s.

(a, • against), antagonize (* s.o.), contra-

s.o., Jl to); — pass. udjurra to be forced,
compelled, obliged (Jl to); to be in an
vene, violate (a s.th.), be opposed (a, *
emergenoy or predicament, be hard
to), be contradictory (a to s.th.), act
pressed; to be in need (Jl of s.th.),
contrary to s.o. or s.th. (a, .) VI to be
need, want (Jl B.th.)
opposed to eaoh other, be contradictory,
contradict one another jJ dürr, farr damage, härm, im-
pairment, prejudice, detriment, injury,
•U* 4idd pl. jl-uil addäd an opposite, a
hurt; loss, disadvantage
contrary, contrast; word with two
opposite meaninga; adversary, Opponent; jJ dirr, #urr addition of a second wife
antitoxin, antidote, anti- (in Compounds) to one's household
 538

\ji darra pl. -dt, j\j* darä'ir2 wife jLmL. mudfarr forced, compelled, oblig-

other than the first of a plural marriage; ed (Jl to); poor, destitute; wanting (Jl

udder s.th.), in need (

Jl of s.th.)

jj~* darar pl. j\j*i\ adrar härm, damage, (darb) to beat, strike, hit
j* daraba i (•
detriment; loss, disadvantage }
jj^SS U with; J* with s.th. on;
s.o., * s.th., i~> *_j

what does it matter? -what's the härm at

J* * s.o. on); to shoot, fire (*, • s.o.,
of it? jj^Jl <-^l atoff <>4-$' the lesser
at s.th.), shell, bombard {*, * s.o., s.th.};
of the two evila
to play (*, J* a musical instrument);
*\j*i darrä' % distress, adversity |
»\jJ\ j to make music; to type (on a type-

•l^-lli (aarrä') in good and bad days, for writer); to sting (soorpion); to separate,

better or for worse part d>j people); to impose (* J* on

s.o.s.th.); j* «-»j^ to turn away from,
j j*i darir blind
leave, forsake, abandon, avoid, or shun
~*jjj~" darüra pl. -äi neoessity, stress, s.o. or s.th.; — (darb, öL»^ darabän) to
oonstraint, need; distress, plight, emer- pulsate, palpitate, throb, beat (vein,
gency, want, austerity; darüratan neo- heart); to ache (violently), hurt (wound,
essarily «jj^^Jl» necessarily; »jjjM\ Xs- move, to rove, roam
|
tooth); to stir;
in case of need, if need be, when neo- about, travel (j in, through), loiter,
easary; gj^aXh hjj^ ilV^wa) in case stroll (in streets) ; to cruise (ship) to mi- ;

of dire necessity, if worst comes to grate (bird); to incline (Jl to a oolor),

worst; *K»-l hj_r*^ ant* rs? ^Jjj^ shade (Jl into a color); — (*-'!/•' diräb)
Cj\jJ±£\ (tubihu) neoessity knows no laws to cover, mount (Uthe camel mare) v_r* |

necessary, imperative,
^Ul di (ajalan) to fix a date for s.o.,*
ifjjj-i darüri
requisite, indispensable, inevitable ; pl. jj"if! >-?j~* {anai) to hüll rice; j >-^j+

(j-y'ifl (ard) to travel; J* "*ijt <-jj~* (böya)

^i-)jj~" darüriyät necessaries, necessi-
tieB t£jjj*ib\ j* OB" to be necessary;
to paint or daub s.th.; ^-»Ul ^j** to
•U-l
|

cAijjj* d.al-hayah neceasities of knock on the door; ^J-} ^i (jaras) to

life; Jl^»-Vl £s\ujj~i exigencies, require-

ring the bell ; Li- <-?ir*
(haqnan) to

ments of the Situation administer a syringe, give an injection;

Uni ^j** (&#*») to draw a line; <-^j^
IjJu madarra pl. -dt, jLi* maddrr*
^xSl Lli-I (li-aadäsin) and ^-l*-l ^j*
hann, damage, detriment, loss, disad-
<*\x*\ j to brood, rack one's brain in
vantago (J* for)
order to find a way out; to be at one's

j\J**i\ üffirär compulsion, coercion; wit's end; to intrigue, Boheme; to build

neoessity, exigency, requirement; plight, air Castles; to daydream; Ä*-»- ^j**
predicament, emergency [jl^i^l x* in (kaimaian) to pitch a tent; *ijl <-jj~*

case of emergency if*

LJÜl (raqma, qiyänya) to break a
record; ("iUl «-»^ (aaläm) to give a
iSj\Ja^\ idfiräri coercive, oompulsory,
inevitable, necessary, obligatory
military salute; i^^ ^j* *° i™ 0086 a
tax (J* on s.o.); j, *jU»l ^r> (afnö&aAü)
jLi dörr harmful, injurious, detri-
to take root, prevail (at a place); <*?j*0
mental, noxious, disadvantageous oLi-l to settle down, take up
J*.

jj^. mudirr harmful, injurious, detri- permanent residence in a place L jL* ^j~*
;

mental, noxious, disadvantageous (>~> (füban) to make brick; _^-\ j liJ* ^j+
to, for) ('adadan fi Ohara) to multiply a number
 ; ;;

530
V^
by another ; <7cj. «->* {'unttqahü) to speculate IV to turn away (je fxom),
behead, decapitate s.o., have s.o.'s head leave, abandon, forsake, desert, avoid,
cut off; *Jl* ^,jj (qOiabahü) to imitate shun (je s.o., s.th.); to remain, stay,
s.th.; lo ^^ (£a0an) to slap s.o.'s abide ( j in) | J UU v^l (ja' San) to
face; J ili. «-^ (mafaZan) to apply a be prepared for s.th., make up one's
proverb to; ^li. *)
^^ (mafatan) to mind to take s.th. upon o.s. ; L^jL» <^-i\
give s.o. an example, point out a model je (pafhan) to abstain
desist, fxom
for 8.0.; ^i* <->j*i to give an example; (J**JI J*) V-r*' (*amtü) to stop work, to
to quote as an example ( J * or
J* s.tb. ^ strike; fLUI je v_^I (fa'äm) to go. on
for); jLulfl
Vj^ *° impart words of wia- a hunger strike VI to come to blows,
dom, point out morals; I^ÄJ <-"./* to mint brawl, fight, strike one another; to
money; Ij*^ ^^i (mait'idan) to agree on be divided, differ, oonflict, clash, be
time or plaoe of a meeting, make an ap- contradictory (opinions, and the like)
pointment; (I^^ll Jl) ijj*\ Jl ^^i (hum* VIII to clash, surge, lap (wavea); to be
ra, fufra) to shade into red (into yellow) eet, or get, into a state of unrest, turmoil,
j^jl/l 4* <-*j~i (ard) to throw s.o. or B.th. exoitement, oommotion, tumult, Agi-
to the ground; JLXI j v^ (JfayQl) to tation, be or beoome agitated, troubled;
be in the clouds, be unrealistic; to want to be in a lively stir, move about, bustle,
the impoBsible; yX* Je *J\j ^^i hüstle, romp; to sway, reel, waver; to
(bi-ra'aiht 'a\& padrihi) to let one's head be or become disturbed, unsettled,
sink to the ehest; j -.***» ,,| ;
^^i disorganized, disarranged, diaordered,
(bi-sahmin mufibin) to take an active confused, entangled, upset, restless, un-
part in; j oj^-Jj p+-> y^ (u>a-nafibin) easy, or anxious; to tremble, shake
to partieipate in, share B.th.; j/u *J ^^i
Vj-* £° r& beating, striking, hitting,
(bi-'irq) do. ; UU- ^j. * ^^i ('vr#a l-h.)
1

rapping; shooting, shelling, gunning,

not to give a hoot for s.th. ; to disdain,
bombing, bombardment ; multiplication
despise, rejeet a.th. ; to throw s.th.
ooüüng, formation; minting (of mon-
overboard, jettison a.th.; *. ^ • >
(—>_#
ey); — (pl. vj^-* 4urüb) kind, sort,
Jl (noforiAi) to turn one's glance to;
Bpeoimen, species, variety; last foot
<-»-L-# A-i-ji ^i^i (bi-wajhi fdhibihi) of the seoond hemistich; (pl. ^I^il
to boomerang, fall back on the orig- adräb) similar, b'ke | ÜL*:^ and jIj
inator; LJT Je ^,^i (kalima) to Vy-^ (money) mint; J^ll V-r > d. ar-raml
1

efface, etrike, or erase, a word; v-j^ geomanoy; jldl v-^ shooting, firing,
L»»i*# 4^ (paffyan) to turn away s.o. shelling, gunning, bombardment; *^j
or s.th.; to disregard, ignore s.o. or i-jj-^JI c-^ ^"^—11 to level a weapon, bold a
B.th., pay no attention to, pass over weapon ready to fire; «jl^lj j* he and
s.o. or s.th.; ijL .b.u- J ^^i to take the likes of him
futile steps; to beat the air; *_iJ y-i ItjJ darba (n. vic.) pl. darabät blow,
|.LI i»-- (aab'ata ayyämin) he deeided
knock, punch; thrust, push, jolt, shock
to stay seven days; ojj Jo ^^
;

fl/tfl
stroke, lash ; shot ; plague, affliction
(ayyäm) fate separated me from
;

him, trial, tribulation, punishment |

li^.
drew us apart II to mix, blend (^ * (j-*!)! 4. aä-Sams sunstroke, heatatroke
s.th. with) ; to sow dissension, cause V*l* *ls" (qä4iy<*) fatal blow, death-
trouble (^ among); to quilt (* a fabric) blow (Jp for); .1^- h^i d. jazä' penalty
III to contend, vie, fight (• with s.o.); to kick (in soccer)
Vj-»

of $ärib
v!/** iiräb oopulation (of a female *->jW fawärib* pl. «-oU**

animal) beating, striking, etc. |

<—<j]«*iJl 3jj^\ the

yjjj ^ario besten, Struck, amitten,

arteries ; <-0 W J^ a r)
tt * migratory
birds
hit; similar, Hke | 0}ü j*r™" t-ri.r"* one
of tbe oaliber of Sheik So- and -So V-V**-* «atf«tö appointed, agreed
lipon, fixed, determmed (time, dato,
i-iyJ ^ortfea pl. l-JI^ faritib* im-
plaoe); multiplioand (math.) |
<J ^Js**
position, impost; levy, tax, duty; char-
multiplier (math.)
aoter, natura |
Jrf-JÜl v.y-» tf- ad-dalfl
ö^Ä* mu^arroAo quilt, oomforter
inoome tax; J*Jl i»—T \»mJ^ 4- k**b
tU-'amal wage tax; ,yoUJ V.y^ tf- t_>jLÄ« mwjdrib pl. -ün speoulator
aZ-mattAf admiasiona tax, entertaizunent
t-jjLiu mvtatfanb conflicting, irrecon-
tax
cüable, inoompatible, divided (opiniona,
v^* ma^n*
1 pl. vjL**" "«^^ and the like); oontradictory, discrcpant,
camp site, camp; place, §pot, locality; inoonsiatent
way, path; large tent, marquee |
OlT
V^-*-** mwjjarib diaturbed, diaordered,
(Jli-Vl) Jit* v^* («• aJ-«"-*»*) to be
diaarrayed, uneettled; confused, muddled,
proverbial, be exemplary, be unique,
perturbed; upaet, disrupted, disorganized,
be cited as an example; Jjl vj'-** m *

deranged; uneasy, restive, agitated,

aruzz rice-hulling facüities
excited, anxioua ; weak, insufflciently

V^*- m%4rab pl. ^jLi* ma^drifc 1 large Bupported (tradition)

tent, marquee, pavilion; bat, mallet;
Vj-»-*" mußarab playground (fig.)
racket (tennis, eto.) ; whisk, beater
(e.g., for eggs); s watter, flys watter; olic^p» see i->s+ ifarb
piano
rj+ faraja u (farj) to spot, stain, befleck,
«-»Lr** m»^fd6 bat, mallet, raoket (ball
=
gmear (j-oJL * s.th. with blood) II I

games, tennis)
V to redden, be or beoome red
öjLi- mwfämba pl. -<W Bpeoulation
£jX* mtufarraj: j-Ul •r.r** m - al-yadain
(stock exohange); silent partnership
with bloodstained hands; (caught) red*
(Itl. Law), limited partnership, partner-
handed, in the act
ahip in oommendam

v!/-*' %4rdb pl. -dt strike

£_s* tfortA pl- £}j* farä'ih*, -*
v «il a4riha
grave, tomb; mausoleum
i^jLäj fa^drui Opposition, oontradic-
rocom- j-yi farosa i (tfara) to bite firmly or fiercely
tion, inoonsistency, discrepanoy,
patibility, oonfliot, olash (of opinions, and (» B.th.); — fariM a {faras) to be dull

thelike) (teeth from acid food and drink) II to

make (• s.o.) tough, battle-hardened ; to
^j^k>l ifcirüb pl. -ät disturbanoe, dis-
render dull (oL-V the teeth by acid
order, disarray; oonfusion, muddle, per*
food and drink) IV to render dull (üL^/l
turbation; diaorganization, disruption,
the teeth by acid food and drink)
upeet, derangement; trouble, commo-
tion, ttnrest, riot (alao pol.); reetlessnees, ^j* 4%ra pl. ^-ly-il a4rä*, ^jy*
nativeness | U^* ob^l ('ajaWya) 4ur&» molar tooth |
J-Ul ^y^i <$» al-'aql

nervou* disordera wisdom tooth

 Ml

iSJs* Vj*" Ivb farü* fierce, mur- flare up (war) II to kindle. Ught (* fire) |

derous war j jUI fyJ to set s.th. on fire, aet fire to

^jUJ laddrW: ^ji\ ^jL^j *. al-ard

s.th. IV = II; V to burn, flare, flame, be
ablaze (also of emotion«, of paasion)
elevationa, undulations of the ground;
4*^1 ,^-jjLij t. al-wajh wrinklea of the
VIII =I
face f\j*i dirüm buming, blaze, flare; Are,

oonflagration
Jr^ darafa i (darf, ^i^i darif, J*ly* dura})

to break wind pL^-—*' idfiräm buming, flare» blaze;

fire, conflagration
.U^ darf (n. un. S) wind, fart
pA-** nwdfarim buming, flaming, on
Jrl^ £uraf wind, fart
fire

9y> dara'a a, daru'a u («-[^ (fard'a) and jj*i II to set (^ * a dog on game); to
r
(fari a o (ftora') to be humble, submissive provoke to a fight
(• s.o.) (^ with)
(J! toward s,o.)> humiliate o.a., abäse
o.s. (J( before); to implore, bog, beseech, jjj #rw pl. j*\ adrin, *\^i dvrS
hound, hunting dog
entreat {Jl s.o.) III to be similar, be
equal (*, « to s.o., to B.th.), be like s.o. Ijl^i darätva greed, voraoity

or s.th. (*, .), rcsemble (*, • b.o., s.th.)

jL* darin voraoious, ferocioua, aavage,
T and Till to humiliate o.a., abäse o.e.
rapacious; (pl. j\j~i daw&rin) beaat of
(Jl before); to implore, beg, beseech,
prey, predatory animal
entreat (Jl s.o.)

*-**** da'da'a to tear down, demolieh,

£y+ dar' pl. £jj+ tfurfi', £1^ dirtf

udder, teat £yJ&j £jjll

raze, ruin, undermine, weaken (* s.th.)
|
(zar') agri-
culture and stock farnüng
II ta4a'4a'a to decline, deoay, beoome
dikpitated, periah; to beoome weak or
£y> dir' like, alike, similar
weaker, wane; to diasolve, fall apart

4*[r«* darä'a submissiveneaa, humble- (Organization)

ness; imploring, begging, entreaty, sup-

******* da'da'a demolition, razing; sap-
plication
ping, undermining; debility, fraflty,

itjLi* mu4äraT a likeneaa, similarity, feebleneaa jSi\ In.im.i 4- ai-kibar aenüity,

resemblance dotage

f j-«j Uujarru* imploring, begging, en- ^

V
**> .» m\Ua4a>'d\ dikpidated, de-
treaty, supplication oayed; weakened, debilitated; weak»
frail, feeble; submissive, humble
£jt-i däri' frail (of a pereon)

pyLi» mudäri' like, alike, similar;

1
<-**•+ da'ufa u {du'j, da'f) to be or beoome

(gram.) imperfect weak, weakly, feeble, frail, delioate,

debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby,
jy* ^argarn pl*
/L~» darägim* lion or slack; to beoome weaker, wane, de-

4irgäm Ä> l^«i crease, diminish, abate, be attenuated;

p l^>i pl. darägima
lion to be too weak ( j*. for s.th.) IT to weaken,
enfeeble, debiütate (j* or *, • s.o., s.th.)
p^i darima a (daram) to catch fire, be on X to deem {» b.o.) weak; to behave
fire, burn, flare, blaze; to break out, arrogantly (• toward s.o.)
 > ;;

642

tj— #u'/, 4a'f weakness, feebleness, the lines; (as an expletire after j) j
frailty ; weakening, enfeeblement, de- ö-pLij witbin it, therein oontained

bilitation Sil/iM uJ»«-> weakness of will;

oompound-
|
•LitLi. muföafa doubling,
^)l ,JuuäII Cafabi) neurasthenia.nervouB
,
ing, multiplying; pl. -ät oomplioations
debility; J-bdl Ja*~* $. aX-ianäsul sexual (of a diseaae)
impotence
^i*LiJ Uufä'uf doubling, multiplying
,_•- - - ^o't/ pl. m. »Lu-> (iu'a/d* 1 , iJU«»
,_•— '• mu4a"af twofold, double; mul-
4i'äf, ii*-i tfa'afa, pl. f. iJuU-J fa'ä'if*
tiplied, compounded, increased many
weak, feeble; frail, weakly, delicabe,
times
debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby,

slack; deficient (aa a Bchool-report ,_JpLi. mwjä'af twofold, double ; mul-

mark) (
SaIjI/1 ^t*-* weak-willed; Jt z
^i tiplied, compounded, increased many
JiJI 4. al-'aql dim-witted, feeble-minded times ; see also 4*'f

u-iSJI ü.v $• al-qalb weak-spirited,

Jf 4a'a, 4%'a see
de-
^-y
pusillanimous, meek, faint-hearted,

spondent, cowardly; .J*_««iJl li» my own Ä> 4a$ata a (4&§$) to confuse, muddle,
insignificant seif, I (as an expression of mix up (* a story)
modesty)
£**-* 4*9t pl* ^l*-*' <*48&i bunoh,
Jilwl itf'd/ weakening, enfeeblement, bouquet; mixture, muddle, jumble, maze |

debilitation; impaiiment V>W^i £>U~il oonfused dreamB; lii-J jlj

SJLI
Jp (ibbäla) to make a thing worse
.Jüuii— muata^af deemed weak weak ;

oppressed, miserable to presB, squeeze (*,

ü*i <fa§afa a ((jagt) •

s.o., s.th.); to compress (* air); to

Juu> II to double, redouble (* B.th.); to
exert pressure (J* on); to oppress,
multiply, Compound (* s.th.) III do.
auppress (J* s.o., s.th.), bear down
(^* or a s.th.) VI to be doubled, be
heavily (J* upon) VII to be pressed,
compounded, be multiplied
be squeezed, be oompressed
t_'— -^ $i'f pl. «_jL~*l a4'äf double,
-••*-* #*# pressure; emphasia, stress;
that which is twioe as mucb a ; multiple,
oppression, suppression; voltage, tension
that which is severai times as much,
(eZ.) | tfjL-) irJ^II (jatou-i) atmospherio
(after numerals) -fold; fold of a garment;
pressure ; ddl
/• . £. ad'dam and i»iJJl
pl. interstice, space <**-* *!• mi'atu
|

jj—Üi (damawf) blood pressure; -kw

(li'jUvi a hundred times as much, the
»t^JI 4- al-hawä* air pressure; Jai-i C*
hundredfold of it; *iU_il «J^J talätatu
-•DI jtjl (£. ir-ra'y» Wämm) ander the
a4'äßhi thrice as much, the threefold of
pressure of publio opinion
it; 4*U-il <J»L~il a, a4'äfihi many times
as much, e.g. i_JU**l *^lj* äJLJ.1 IJL» JL» «L^> #j0fa (n. vio.) pressure

öUm«I (mablagu murattabahü ai'äfa a.)

O Qy** 4ufäfiya (wind) pressure
this amount was many times as much
i»ji-L* £d£tif nightmar©
as bis salary; üe-Li» liU^I a4'äfan
mwfä'afatan many times, a hundred- O J**>Li» ma4ägit i
: LjJj* i«iLi* (Äatwi-

fold **ya) compressors

,J»-*Lk3 to4ä'lf* contenta, text (of a J»pLij ta4ägut compression (j)Ayj.; as

piece of writing); folds; Space between opposed to Jiiäc to#aZ£uJ)

 643
&-
J»Luil infifjäf oompressibility have (• s.th.); to rill (» a.th. with);
J»
Ja* L> 4ä$i(:
to wrap, envelope s.th., t with),
«Lei* *JT oompnaaor (J»
spread (J» » s.th. over)

oompressed air
\ykj iafwa: i JI
lJ 4
yi-i o\ al-'aii an
easy, comfortable life

ji^ (Ea£ma a ((io^on) to bear a grudge,

J»l> a^/2n abundant, oopious, ample;
harbor (seoret) hatred against),
(Jp detailed, elaborate, extensive
resent (J» a.o.) YI to harbor a grudge
against one another J-> (ioflo t (J^U aVjÜJ, JJ->L; oViUIn) to lose
one's way, go astray; to stray (j» or t
<jk*i 4ign pl. <JtL*l a^dn ranoor, Bpite,
from the way); to err <**~ ^L» (so'*
grudge, malioe, malevolence, 111 will,
|

yvhü) bis effort waa in vain II to mialead,

(seoret) hatred
lead astray, misguide (• s.o.); to delude,
^» 4agin malioious, malevolent, deoeive (. s.o.) | «_ü JL» to delude
ranoorous, apiteful, reBentful
o.a. IT = D; to make (. a.o.) lose his
i±j*i tfaflna pl. ,>'U_i fafffin' ranoor, way (•); to let (.) s.th. get lost

spite, grudge, malice, malevolenoe, ill

^i faü error
will, (seoret) hatred
J^-> QaUÜ a straying from the right
iL» fafla orowd, throng, jam (of people) path or from truth; error ü^ VI J^Li | O
oolor blindneaa, diohromatism
<Li iiffa, Jaffa pl. iJlL» ififäf bank,
ahore; ooait «J^iL» a^oZdZa error

u-« i .» (io/o/ poverty, destitution «JjJ»»l wflOa pl. JJLil a&UfP error

jov* #»/Ä', atycfa' pl. jolLi afc/SaV« frag

*Li* mafaüa an oocasion, or possi-
|
bility, of going astray
O iSj*>. £ALi (ooaori) rrogman (mtl.)

JrLu taflü misleading, misguidanoe,

jJLi jafara i (fafr) to braid, plait (» hair),
deluaion, deoeption
interweave, interlaoe, intertwine (• a.th.);
to twine (• a rope) II = I; in to help,
J^L»I %$UU misleading, misguidanoe,

as&ist, aid (• s.o.) TI to help one another deluaion, deception

(J. to do a.th.); to be tightly inter- iiLi (fäll pl. Jl^ tfawäW straying,
woven, be tied up, be olosely oonneoted roaming, wandering; astray, loat; er-
(^* with); to be ooncatenated (evidenoe) roneous, false

jJLi 4a)r pl. j>L» «tyflr (eaddle) girth «JL; aVQIa goal of persistent searoh,

jlLi fafär pl. jjui (fu/ur (saddle) girth objeot of a long-cherished wish | <JL#
•^jjtju do.
IjJui iafira pl. JUui <fafä'ir' plait;
braid, treas, pigtail; plaitwork, wioker- JL4* mnfoüü misleading, misguiding,
work; galloon, laoe; Strand, hank, skein; deceptive, deluaive, fallaoioua

plexus (anat.)
J*ä» mv4M
mialAjuiiwg^
misguiding,
deoeptive, delusive, fallaoious
(jL.) IL. fafä u («Jo/w) to be abundant,
oopious; to flow over IT to allot gen- /Li tfala'a a ((W) with £.: to aide with s.o.,
erously (Jp * a.th. to); to grant, award make common oauae with s.o. ; — a^oiu'a

(J» t «.th. to); to let s.o. or s.th. (J.) u (u^L; ia\Sa) to be streng, eturdy,
 ;;

& 544

robust; — <fali*a a ($ala') to be orooked, hug (* s.o.); to join, subjoin, annex

beut, curred, to curve II to crook, bend, (Jl * s.th. to), add, attach (Jl *, • s.o.,

ourve (* s.th.) V to be jammed, crammed s.th. to), unite (Jl *, • s.o., s.th. with);

(^ with); to be versed, Bkilled, pro- to combine (within o.a., * different things)

ficient, knowledgeable (,> in), be oon- to dose, compress (* the ups) ; to grasp,
versant, be thoroughly familiär or grip, grab, seüe (J» s.o., s.th.); to get

acquainted (j* with), be at home (^* {» s.o.) into a predioament (said of fate);

in a field of knowledge) Till to be to pronounce with the vowel u {* a

versed, Bkilled, profioient (<-» in), be conBonant; gram.) j
<J^u«]l ^i to olose

thoroughly familiär or aoquainted, be the ranka; »jJ-# Jl «* (padrihi) to press

conversant (<-» with); to assume, take s.o. to one's bosom , embraoe s.o.

orer, take upon o.s. (<-* s.th., s task, o»jJ «Jl *> (zaujatahü) he embraced
financial expenses, a job, and the lue) hia wife VI to unite, rally, join forces

X to be versed, Bkilled, profioient (,>. VII to olose, draw or orowd together, be

in), be thoroughly familiär or acquainted, closely paoked; to be joined, united,

be conversant (j* with) or oombined (Jl with), unite, join forces

(Jl with); to be added, be annexed (Jl

*Li (W affeotion, attachment | **L*
to); to associate, afflliate (Jl with); to
4m he sympathizes with him, he ia
enter, join (Jl an Organization, and the
on hia Bide
like); to comprise, include, encompasa,
^U 4ü% $tia' pl. ^Li .luH', £*•*'
embraoe, contain (J* s.th.)
a^bf, *Ju*l <h#u* rib; outlet, chop; Bide
£>L»Vl the ehest, the
~i famm addibion, subjunetion gather- ;
(of a triangle);
ing, oollecting, rallying, joining, uniting,
breast |
J-vJ' >L* d. aJ-MrmtJ barrel
amalganiation, fusion; admiasion, en-
stave; f ^Vi tSJ —^
1
mufcMdu* J-a. equi-
rollment; the vowel u {gram.)
lateral (peom.); j-^l j ^L» *J uS' he had
s.th, to do with the matter, he had a *jf <famma the vowel point foru; (pl.

hand in it, he played a role in the affair -dt) embrace, hug

*-Li fal? strong, Bturdy ; knowl- *-** 4amima pl. f\jf (pzmd'im 1 ad-
edgeable, experienoed, skilled dition, Supplement; inorease, raiae (of

4*"5Li ^aU'a Btrength, eturdiness, ro- salary)

bustness (of the body) »Li? tafldmm; « ULü together with,

mL^A mufaüd ribbed; polygonal; (pl. jointly with

-dt) polygon | »Li* r^» corrugated iron (•If-ijl iiufimdm annexation (Jl to),

-Lit. muta^oUi* versed, skilled, pro- joining (Jl of), union, association, af-

fioient (&> in), thoroughly familiär, con- filiation (Jl with); entry, enrollment

versant (j,- with); expert (,>• in) (Jl into an Organization, and the like),

acceasion ( Jl to)
4*Li (Turk. tfobna) (Wttuj stuffed food {e.g.,

fjTui- mo^mflm closed, tight, com-

eggplants Btuffed with meat and rice)
prossed (mouth)
~i iamma u {famm) to bring together, join,
jjv- mun^amm: **!• fllü olose order
draw together, oontraot (* s.th.); to
(mtl.)
add (up), sum up (a s.th.); to gather,

collect, reap, harveat (* s.th.); to unite, O ^ Tu«> munifamma accessory, attach-

bring together (> persona); to embrace, ment (teeAn.)

 646
u*-»

J»«£*l idmahaUa to diaappear, vanish, jjf* damir pl. j)jf dam&ir* heart;
dwindle, fade away, melt away; to mind ; innermost ; oonsoience ; (inde-
deorease, beoome leat pendent or suffixed) personal pronoun
(gram.) |
jrwJl i_-ajU compunotions,
JtA**r*l %4mihläl disappearanoe, van-
iahing, evanesoence; fading
oontrition, repentanoe; j^iil ^ hayy
ad-d. oonBcientious, r^j» sorupulouB;
mudmahiU vanishing, evanes- j**jb\ murtäh ad-d. of peaoeful mind;
oent, fading; damped (oaoillations, waves; jwUJI -tili unsorupulous
phy».)
j^-i* midmär pl. _^.Li* madämir*
mif damafca u (damfc) and II to oil, anoint, race oourse, raoe track; arena; field of

rub, perfume (i_* *, * s.o., s.th-. with) aotivity, field, domain

isf damada u * (damd t ^ dimäd) and II

j\jf\ idmär oonoealment (of a thought),
mental reservatio^; ellipsis (rhet.)
to dress, bandage (* s.th., esp. a wound)
j*\-± dämir lean, akinny, tbin; slender,
jli* dimäd bandaging (of a wound);
alim, Breite
bandage, band, ligature; oarrying on
of several love affairs (of a vornan) j^Jl* mudmar seoret, hidden, covert;

(independent or auffixed) personal pro*

oU* dimäda dreaaing (of a wound),
noun, alsOj^U. --1 (ism; gram.)
bandage
jt* damina a {ülr* damän) to be or beoome
«U«a* mudammid (ir.) male nurse
responsable or liable, be guaranty, give
»4*-i* mudammida O compreas; (tr.)
seourity or guaranty, vouoh ((_* or *
nurse for), Warrant, ensure, safeguard, guar-
antee (* J to s.o. s.th.); to insure
Jtf damara, damura u (dumr, j^ (Jumür) (j* * s.th. against) |
\lxi> *_iJ jjf to
to be or beoome lean, emaciated, skinnyf
be absolutely certain of s.th. II to have
thin t alim, Blender; to oontraot, shrink
II to emaoiate, make lean, thin, or
(* s.th.) insured (> against); to inaert,
include, enclose (* * s.th. in s.th. eise)
slender (* s.th.) IT = II; to secrete,
T to oomprise, inolude, oomprehend,
conceal, bide, keep secret (*—«i j * s.th.
imply, embrace, oontoin {* s.th.) TI to
in one's heart), keep (* s.th.) to o.s,
be jointly liable, hare Joint responsibility
(*-*AJ j); to haxbor, entertain (Jas
(* for s.th.); to be solidary, be in acoord,
feeling toward, against) |
j-iJl *J^1
stick together
(iarra) to bear s.o. a grudge, harbor
ill will against s.o. V to beoome lean, j£* dimn inside, interior; dimna
emaciated TU to diy up, wattier, wilt, (prep.) in, within, inside of, among;
shrivel bi* dimnan (adv.) inclusively, implio
itly, taoitly Ui* r>fi* tacitly compriaed,
ji? dumr em&oiation; leanness, skin- |

niness, thinneaa, slenderness, slimness

implicit; jif <y min dimni (with foll.

genit.) included in, implied in, belonging

jjif dumür emaoiation; leanness, to, falling under; -+-> ^ among them;
akinnineas, thinness, slenderness, slim- Ui^j •/-'-* (mubä&iratan) direotly and in-
neas; atrophy (med.) direotly

j\if dimär: jli* j* (dain) bad debt Jx*^tmn{ included, implied; hidden,
(i.e., a debt deemed unoolleotible) implioit, tacit
 546
o*^

die* damän responsibility, guaranty, dLj fanuka u (fank, iTb-> fanäka) to be

Warrant, surety, security, liability, as- Btraitened, cramped, confined (oircum-
surance, Bafeguard; insurance |
oli* atancea) ; to be weak, be exhausted
^l^ (jamä'l) collective Becurity; 0^-1)1
dL*i 4ank poverty, distress, straits |

4>£ll {muMarak) do. ; u^JI >jl£- of dL-i ,J+e {'aU) a hard, wretched life

limited liability, Ltd.; ü^äll «T,- Ärjfco*

iL Li- ma4äni& Btraits, hardsbips
a^-$. insurance Company
tiiiÄ* mu^nik weak, exhausted
j-s* 4am%n pl. »Ur* famanä'' respon-

sible, anawerable, liable (y for); war- _^ (fanw, iinxe ohildren

rantor, bail(sman), bondsman, surety,
J-i ffantya a (^anan) to become or be lean,
guarantor (t-> for)
emaciated, gaunt, enervated, or worn
Uli* (famäna guaranty, surety, War- out; to pine away, be consumed (with
rant (y), oollateral, seourity, bau grief) IV to emaciate, debilitate, weaken,

yf\ adman* offering better guaranty enervate (» s.o.); to exhaust, wear out
(• s.o.); to undermine, sap (* the health);
^LiJ ta4ämun mutuality, reciprocity;
to oonsume (* s.o.; of anxiety, and the
Joint liability; solidarity |
jyLiüi «T^-S
like)
Sirkat at-t. commercial Company of Joint
j*i fanin lean, emaciated, gaunt,
liability
languished, wasted, wom out, enervated;
j^U* 4ämin responsible, anawerable,
exhausted; consumed with grief, care-
liable; warrantor, bail(sman), bondsman,
worn
surety, guarantor
J-i (fanan weakness, feebleness, de-
i'^ini- ma$mün guaranteed, ensured,
bility, exhaustion, emaciation; grief
warranted; insured (object); (pl. J^-Ui*
J«i* mv^ncm lean, emaciated, gaunt,
matfämin 2 ) content, purport, meaning(of
languished, wasted, worn out, enervated
a letter, and the like) |
Jj-yJI u^****
exhausted pining away, wasting away
regiatered (letter) ; öj*-i* ^j (data) bond- ;

ed, or funded, debt (ßn.) i+* 4ahada a (fahd) to suppress, oppress,

jj—i* mwfamman included, implied treat unjustly, persecute (• b.o.) VIII = I

jl(J*-il üftihäd pl. -äi suppression,

^Lii- mitUufämin mutual, reciprocal
repression, oppreasion, maltreatment, per-
soUdary, united in soUdarity
secution, enslavement
jj $anna (Ist pers. perf. fanintu) a and
'
4L A- mu4fahid oppressor, tyrant,
(fanna (Ist pers. perf. (fanantu) i (4ann)
persecutor
to keep back (l-> s.th.), be sparing or
withhold j^i summit, top (of a
Btingy (v J* toward s.o. with), (fahr pl. jj4~* tfnhür

(be)grudge (J* mountain)

(<_>
Jp from s.o. s.th.),

s.o. lj a.th.) Jp Üir

|
jpi U (W-ma-Jatf»
^J III to be similar, alike, or oorresponding
goiin) to shun no effort for the sake of
to resemble (• s.o., * s.th.), be like s.o.

^0 $ann; <-> b-> (<2a»nan) in Order or s.th. (*, •), correepond (• to s.o., m
to apare B.th., in due oonsideration of to s.th.); to compare (Jp, <~» * s.th. with;

JkU* (fanin niggardly, avaricious,

^ij — ju two things); to imitate («_>

s.o., s.th.)
stingy; Bparing, thrifty, economioal,
soanty, meager, poor, insufficient Lft*0
ifahan Q menopause, climaoterio
 547
t*
jt-i fähig similar, (a)like, oorrespond- &•*>* 4m4a* noise, din, uproar
ing, analogous
>
4awfan noise, din, uproar
;ULi- mwtfhäh similarity.resemblanoe,
Wrnn eas, oorrespondenoe, analogy; oom- '£.-**' *r° " (#"»') *o spread, difluee,
ty*
parison (Je with) emanate (fragranoe); to be fragrant,

•Li. mwfäMn similar, (a)like, cor-

exhale fragrance Y = I

responding, analogous
UUi look np alphabetioally

(y-»> >ti aVJ'a u (im!) to gleam, beam,

iSj-i fawt i to resort, have reoourse (Jl
radiate,
lamp); to
ahine II to light (» s.th., a to); — jatriya a to be lean, thin, spare,
illuroine, illuminate (* a.th., slight, sorawny IY jj^l to weaken,
e.g., a house) IY = I; to ahed light, out debilitate (», . s.o., s.th.); to härm, injure,
light
(J. upon, over); to light, illumine, damage, prejudioe (. s.o., » s.th.) YII to
illuminate (» a.th.); to enlighten
(» join, follow (Jl s.o.), attach o.s.
».th., the mind) V= I; X to be illumined, to
(Jl
s.o.); to rally, flock (Jl around,
be lit; to seek light; to seek (to obtain)
4'ji £•* around or under s.o.'s banner)
enlightenment or insight (ij by, through,
in, with); to let o.s. be enljghtened or jLi ifdwin thin, lean, spare, slight,
sorawny
guided ( v by)
1
•jS <fau' pl. .Ij^l orfioä light; bright- (-£») J*-* &"> i (fair) to härm, injure,
neaa, glow | (_ r»£jl ,_^i f, ai-iarm aunlight, damage, prejudioe (», . s.o., s.th.),
aunahine; jJUI y_» f. al-qamar moon- infliot damage (», upon)
light; ^ÜS" ,yi aearchlight; jl+JI ,^i
j*i fair härm, damage, injury, prej-
4. an-nakir daylight; ,yi Je (with foll.
udioe; wrong, iniquity, offense
genit.) in the light of, under the ciroum-

stanoeB of, aa seen from...; aecording to

j j^i **_» qiama fbä unjust diraion
d>j~i fau'i luminary, light* (in Com-
(j*-4 £U jäTa i Mai', £_l_> (fayf) to get
pounds) | Vj-> i- (sana) light-year
lost, be lost
(J, for s.o.); to lose iteelf,
•W 4<y& light, brightness, glow diaappear; to periah II and IV to ruin,

•#L»I let perish, thwart, frustrate, mar,

üfd*a lighting; illumination I destroy
:j-ill I.LiVI (mujoyyada) restricted (», • s.o., s.th.); to lose, forfeit (i s.th.),

illumination = dim-out; I.LiVI f-V""* be deprived (t of s.th.); to waste, aquan-

mifbSh al-i. incandeBoent lamp der, apeud uBelessly (. s.th.); to negleot,
omit (» s.th.); to misa, let go by (» s.th.),
*
s±*
i
mufV shiiüng, luminous, bright
let elip (i a.th., e.g, an opportunity)
|

jLj 4Sd name of the Ietter ^i "*- £*-* (V"4J<"A«) to forfeit one's right;
jJI o«_« i_i_JI at-fai/a ifayya'ii l-labana
(/>-•) jLi rfän» « Waur) to härm, injure, (invar.) approx.: you have let the oppor-
damage, prejudioe (*, • s.o., s.th.), tunity go by, you missed your ohanoe;
infliot damage (*, « upon); to suffer **!>» ~jl (tawabaH) to lose one's mind;
l
£.
violent hunger, starre to death V to "J» £L»I (A«r») to make s.o. miss
*•*->*
writhe with pain; to writhe, winoe, be an opportunity; Üjll ^Lil (uaqt) to waste
oonvulsed (» with pain, with hunger) time

jj-* faitr violent hunger ^i 4ai' loas

& 648

<•_*; £ai*a pl. pL> (ßyä* landed hospitality |

Jilp-i j cJl you are my
eetate, oountry estate, domain; small guest

village, hamlet J»U-Ä» m%4yäf hospitable; hospitable

€,
\
,^i QayS loss; ruin, deatruotion, host

perdition |
cJjH £}-* rf. oZ-uwjf losa of iu Li. mafäfa hostel, guesthouae, inn
time
^ j- ma4yafa guest room; guesthouae
«Jlu^ L yd ^i'dnoAü what a lossl
üLil ifäfa addition, appoaition; aub-
f-L-i» mK?y<r prodigal, squandering, junotion, annexation, appending, at,

wasteful; Bquanderer, wastrel, spend- taohment, augmentation, aupplementa-

thrift tion; assignment, allocation; ascription-

" attribution (Jl to); genitive construotion

p _^ n Ut4y? waate, squandering, dis-
(gram.) J*-l Jl oLil (ajal) limitation (of
ßipation; negleot, Omission |

a legal transaotion; Isl. Law); Jl üL*Vl>

i*L>i iföa waste, squandering, dis-
in eomparison with, in relation to; with
aipation; negleot, Omission «ii^lt «*L»I with regard
| respeot to, regarding . . . ;

i. dl-waqt waste of time to, in oonsideration of; in addition to,

^-i ^ityya'» #y*" beeide; <iDi Jl ÜLiVlj moreover, further-

£j*L» 4ä'i' pl. £}*•*
more, besides
(getting) lost; poor, wretched, miserable

jLil ifäji additional, aupplementary,

:. ^. mo<Era ruin, deatruotion, per-

dition, loss; — mutfia, ZJjk <*—**

auxiliary, contributory, extra; Beoondary,
acoessory, inci-
subsidiary, tributary,
(li-l'Waqt) waste of time, loss of time
dental, Bide-, by* (in Compounds) relative ;

n V mua\tyyV prodigal, squandering, (phüot.)

wasteful
*JL#I ujäflya relativity {philo*.)

(
,_v -i
) J»Li #/a t (4»U# #yd/a) to stop
J*~±* mwfif host
or Btay aa a guest II to take in aa a
^i i- mv4*fa hostesa ; air hostesa,
guest, receive hospitably, entertain (• s.o.)
atewardesa
IV = II; to add, aubjoin, annex, attaeh
(Jl * a.th. to); to admix (Jl * ß.th. to); JiLi. mu^äj added, Bubjoined, ad-
to connect, bring in relation (Jl * s.th. joined, apposed; oonatruot state (gram.) \

with); to asoribe, attribute, assign (Jl * <J1 J» Lill the second, or governed,

s.th. to s.o.) | fJ Jl l**1 J»L>I (ieman) noun of a genitive oonatruction (gram.);

to annex a noun (the firet member of a ifli Jl ULi* moreover, furthermore,

genitive oonstruction) to another (the besides

aeeond member; gram.); Ol *iJli Jl «-*-*!

(JLi) J~> ddgo i (4aiq, #g) to be or become
(a$if) what'a more,.., moreover,.., fur-
narrow, straitened, cramped, oonfined;
thermore . ... VII to be added, be annexed,
to beoome too narrow, too oonfined (»j
be aabjoined, be attaohed (Jl to) X to
for); to be anguished, uneasy, de-
Invite s.o. (•) to be one'a guest
presaed, dejeeted (^ beoanae of, by, at,
.,«.,,* 4aif pl. u&r* $vyüU ^»W^ 1
about); to become or be tired, weary
a4yäf, 0U~; &jän guest; visitor
(v
of b.o., of a.th.) ,>jVl *j CJL0 (ar$u)
|

L> hospitable reoeption to be at a loas, be at one's wit'a end;

Äj iiyäfa
•U-l cJL» (hayätu) life depressed bim,
entertainment as guest, aooomodation *i
 ;

M9
rf
he had a bad time, he was bad off; cSL* 4. ap-padr vezed, annoyed (t-. over, at, by),
J-Jl *i (svbulu) to be at a Iosb, be at the angry ( v at, with); upaet, depressed,
end of one's tether, be at one's wit'a end; downcast, dejected; ^pull j^i 4. al-'aql
V kii *5l—i (dar'an) not to be up to narrow-minded, hidebound, dull-witted;
a.th., be unable to do or aooomplish JlkJi J«> amall-range; of narrow aoope,
s.th.; not to be able to stand ar bear limited in extent; oonfined, limited, re-
a.th.,be fed up with, be tired of, feel strioted
uneaßy about, be oppressed by; *u. JLi
iV> daiqa, diqa atraitened circum-
Uji do.; «j-u» jL# (padruhü) to be
atancea, poverty; anguish
annoyed, angry; & .4, cJLi (yadvM) to
be incapable of; to be too poor to... J--JI adyatf narrower, tighter

II to make narrow or narrower, narrow Jr-i* madtq pl. JjLä» madäyiq*. jJLi*
(down), straften, oramp, tighten, oonfine, madä'iq* strait(s) ; defile, (mountain)
constrain, restrain, restrict, contract pass; narrow(s), strioture
(* s.th.); to pull tight (* a.th., e.g., a
c»-±-ij ta4yiq narrowing, tightening
dresa) ; to harass, oppresa, beset, besiege,
restriotion, limitation; oppression J-juAJ
beleaguer (J* s.o.); to keep J

(J* s.o.) jLJ-l tightening of the blockade; jj i"

short (j in s.th.) jUi-1 to tighten
| j^ jbA.*l (tightening of the rope =) stran-
the blockade; <Ju
J* j^i to restrain gling, suppression
o.a., take restrictions upon o.s. III to

vex, annoy, anger 3iUi* mvdäyaqa pl. -ät affliction,

{• s.o.); to harass,
distress, grievance, embarrassment; ob-
oppresa, beset (. s.o.); to trouble, bother,
atruction, impediment, disturbance, har-
inconvenience, disturb, hinder, hamper,
impede, affect gravely aaament, moleatation; depressing State;
(m, * s.o., a.th.),
anger, annoyance, vexation, Irritation;
bear down heavily (*, * upon); to cause
trouble
inconvenience, difficulty, trouble, nui-
(. to s.o.) VI to be or become
narrow, to narrow; to become annoyed,
become irritated; to be angry (ja at, UJLi dä'iqa pl. jJlj-i ^awd'tg* predio-
about) ament, atraita, difficulty; oritical Sit-

uation, criais ^^uJ! üIL; 4. al-'aiä

J~> dlq narrowness; tightness, close- |

atraitened oircumatancea; <JU UJUi

ness; confinement, restriction, Limitation,
(mäliya) financial atraita
constraint; shortage, scarcity ; oppression,
anguiBh; dejectedneaa, depreasion, dis- JjUä* mvdäyiq troublesome, irksome,
treaa; lack, want, paucity, poverty; care, wearisorae, disturbing, annoying ; nui-
worry, anziety; anger, annoyance, Ir-
sance (peraon)
ritation, exasperation; wearinesa, ennui I JjUii. muiadäyiq annoyed, vexed,
•Ul olj J-^ 4» däi al-yad poverty, desti- irritated, exasperated, angry; hard preseed
tution; |>Ult j^J 4> al-maqäm cramped-
l
ness, lack of space; JLUJI do.; amall ((^->) (•'-• 4&m& * (daim) to wrong, härm
J->
ränge, limited extent, narrow soope;
(• b.o.), infliot damage (. upon s.o.); to
xJl J-J 4- al-yad poverty, destitution
treat unjuatly (» s.o.) X = I

£-1 daim pl.

fjr* tfuyüm wrong,
üs-* fayyiq narrow; tight; cramped;
inequity, in justice; härm, damage, det-
short, scarce ; conhned, limited, restrioted
|
riment, injury
J^l J^-i 4. al-failuq illiberal, un-
generous; impatient, annoy ed; jijl
j^ 'ÖL; look up alphabetioally
 560

.W abbreviation of J»l^i qiräf

»IL fä' name of the letter J» «JjU. (It. tavola) tävnda table |
«JjUJI Ul
la'bat af-f. backgammon, trioktraek;
«U» Jd&a pl. -Ä ball «JjlUI ,j-äj table tennis

jjjÜ» /Ä&flr pl. joj>L ftxwöHr* battalion; c-i. faWw u % (Jobb, fibb, pubb) to treat med*
(«0.) line, file, Single file (of soldiers, of ically (*, • s.o., s.th.), give medioal
persoiiB Walking one behind the other); treatment (*, * to s.o., to s.th.); to seek
queue jjjIUI the fifth column
| u^Ji^\ to remedy, tackle (J s.th.) II to treat

medically (*, • s.o., s.th.), give medical

4-jIL fd&tya pl. t-tljU fawäftn fortreaa, fort;
treatment (*, * to s.o., to s.th.) V to
round fortress tower; (eg.) rook, Castle
receive, or undergo, medioal treatment,
(chess)
submitto medical treatment; to practica
^-U» fowÄjM*1 frying pan; mediaine, engage in the medical field
fäjin pl. ,>r^
{eg.) shallow earthen pot X to seek medioal advioe ( from s.o.),

oonsult (• a dootor)
jU», <jlU see j_ji»
u-1» fibb medical treatment; medicine,
öjlU färima pl. -dt kiosk, booth, cabin, stall medical science |
üL-^l ^1» f. al-asnän

•jlL fäza fresh, tendar, new

dentistry, dental science; j^W v^'
(baifari) veterinary science; jf-^l <-J""

pjll» /öza; freah, new (Sar'i) forensic Jl—LJI <_JJl (naf*

medioine;
aäfoi) psychiatry ^i\ 1* 'Um af-f. medioal
;
\j*U* and <*IL see L^jl»
science, medicine; »_JJl *JS" kuüiycU af-f.

'^JJ^ ^ ,fi* and u*j jU» 0wfl* pl. triJ^ medical school, medical College, (chiefly
faurfwt«' peacock Q. B. :) faculty of medicine

ILlL fa*(a*a w> incline, bend, tut, bow (<*lj ^ fibbi medical, pertaining to the
medical profession or science l—i» j*^
ra'wAfl one's head; also uaed without |

(fibbiyan) physioaJly fit (e.g., for mili-

tary servioe)
£jUlL> mufa'ft* with bowed head
<X fabba pl. -dt (eg.) cushion, päd;
lUtU* mufa'fa*: *T ll tUk. m. ar-ra's
bung
_r -r
(
plug, Stopper, stopple;
with bowed head
^aA 2
fabib pl. «ULI afibbä" , l±\ afibba
l
JU» fäq pl. -<W, ülU» figän arch (arch.); (pl. physioian, doctor |
jjL-» «_-*-!* (baifarx)

-dt) layer, Stratum veterinarian ; ^U- v,-*^ Qfäft.) physician

in ordinary, private physioian (e.g., of

Uli» fdga pl. -dt window
a king); J*-'— •~^ medicine man,
•yiU £ö?iya pl. Q jl^U fautifff white ahaman; üL-^l ^j-i» dental surgeon,
ootton skullcap (often worn under the dentiat; jj. ^u-t (far't) medioal
tarbooah; in Eg. = <&); fatigne eap ezaminer (jur.) ; <j jIA- I ,j+\j»*i\ <~<£^*

(of the Eg. Territorial Army) (jüdiya) dermatologist

 ;

&
^aJ» fabiba female doctor, doctress a.th.); to impress with a stamp, aeal or

*;U» fibäba medical treatment; medioal signet (* or a.th.), leave or

Jp sei
profesaion one's stamp, aeal, mark, or impress
(J*
or *, • on s.o., on s.th.) ; to stamp, imprint,
^oJJ tafbib healing art, medical
impress
practica, medical profesaion (J* * s.th. on); to mint, coin
(* money); to print (* s.th.); pass.
V:^" * nvutafabbib quack, quaoksalver fvbi'a to have a natural aptitude or
disposition, have a propensity, be dis-
£> iabaka u a (fabk) to cook (* s.th.)
posed by natura for) *wlLj **J»
VII to be or get cooked (J* j

(bi-fäbi'ihi) to place, set, or leave one's

^1» fabk oooking, cookery; oooked stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or
food; O celluloid s.th., impart one's own character to
üJ» fabka (n. un.) (articla of oooked) s.o. or s.th.; U* ^J, (fubi'a) to be
food, meal, diah, course innate, inherent in s.o., be native,
natural to s.o. II to tarne, domestioate,
£LL fabbäk cook
break in, train (* an animal) V <*LL - Li
;

£j* tabifc cooked food, fare (bi-tibä'ihl) to take on, assume, or

i^-LU fibäJca culinary art, receive s.o.'s peculiar character, bear
cookery,
cuisine s.o. 's stamp or impress VII to be stamped,
be printed, be imprinted, be impressed;
£j«* Tnafbak pl. £lk. mafäbik 2 kitchen;
to leave an imprint or Impression (Jon);
cookshop, eating houae, luncheonette
to be disposed by natura ( Jp for)
£j«* mitbak pl. Vlk. Tnafäbik* any
cooking apparatua
£jl» fab' printing (of a book), print;
(also, e.g., a hot
(pl. g-LU /t6ä*) impress, impreasion,
plate), cooking stove, kitchen ränge,
portable ränge stamp, hallmark, peculiarity, charac-
teristic, nature, character, temper, (nat-
l
jji» \abar hatchet, ax, battle-ax ural) disposition
|
^*J-I -J, f. al-hajar
jlj^U fabardär sapper, lithography ; J>jJ. I ^J, typography
pioneer (mil.)
^Ul c* in (the) press, at press (typ.);
*jj>\iß look up alphabetically
^Li\ i*j** mustvaddat and musawwadat
9
"*ij^ fabariya* Tiberiaa (city in Palestine, a/-/. proof sheet, galley proof (typ.); »jUI

on W shore of Sea of Galilee) ^JJl i'ädai af-f. reprinting reprint; U-L

fab'an or ^UIj by nature, by natural dis-
IjjlA» fabSüra (syr.) chalk position; naturally! of course! certainly!

jwU» tabäHr 2 chalk to be sure! ^JJI [^ aayyi* af-f. ill-disposed,

ill-natured, evil by nature; *-UI jli
tf^LL fabälliri chalky, cretaceous,
(gLWI) &äd$ af-f. eccentric, extravagant
chalk- (in Compounds)
4*J» fab'a pl. -ät printing, print;
^-JtJ* fabtaba to gurgle, purl (water); topat,
edition, issue, impression
stroke, careas
(Jp s.o.)
ilLJ» fabfäba bat, mallet, racket (for
^U» \obböC printer

ball games) i*U» fibä'a art of printing j «*LWI ÄlT

printing press
^J» taba'a a ({ab') to provide with an im-

print, impresB or impreasion (* or ^LU fibä'i typographic(al)

J*
 ;

e>
^ILU fobä'i'
1 nature; on s.o. or s.th., impart one's own char-
öuJ. faiS'a pl.

disposition, Constitution ; pe- acter to s.o. or s.th.

natural
culiarity, individuality, charaoter; reg- printed, imprinted; ster-
9j^* mafbü'
ulär, normal manner; physics; nat- printed material, prints
eotyped ; pl. -ät

ural acienoe |
JU-1 **~±> by the very printed matter |
4*jU»j £_*!«• bearing the
nature of the case, as is (was) only or s.th.,
stamp, mark or impress of s.o.

natural, ipso facto, naturally, as a being characterized by; J* f\*J** do.,

matter of course; **-UI <IU physicist;
being by its very nature..., having the
natural scientist; *«~UI ^ '*l m °W* innate property of...; ^jjJ f\y)** (dauri)
natural acience; »Ijj l» **-Ü ü>Ü press law
physics; a periodical; oUj-Ull
UJJI (Xu) (falsafatu) metaphysics; J>
ijjt II to cover, cover up (* s.th.); to
-*JJI supernatural; »Li^l ^U» the nature
make ooinoident or congruent, cause to
of things, State of affairs
coincide, su'perpose (jy two figures;
.»J» tabi'i nature's, of nature, nature- geom.); to fold (* s.th., also, e.g., the
(in Compounds), natural; inborn, innate, handa); (eg.) to shoe (* a horse); to
inherent, native; normal, ordinary, usual, apply (Jp * s.th. to); to be common,
physical; physicist; natural
regulär; universal, widespread; to spread (also
scientist; naturalist j>J* |li* physicist;
| » throughout s.th.), pervade (* s.th.);

natural scientist; OL--1J1 physics; nat- pass. fubbiqa to be applied, apply, be

ural science applicable, be effective, be valid |
iiXL

Jt. majba" print shop, printing JU^II *j4^ (Suhraiuhü) he (it) enjoyed,
Office, printing house, press or achieved, world-wide fame; *ix~* jX
,>*»!£ I (ßituhü, kafiqain) do., his (its)
IaJ*. matba'a pl. ^Uf mofäbt'* print
world
fame spread throughout the
shop, printing offlce, printing house,
III to bring to coincidence, make co-
press julU.1 *jj*- hurnyal al-m. freedom
incident or congruent, cause to coincide
|

of the press
(juj — jw B.th. with), correlate, com-
yj^
{
mafba't printing, printer's (in pare, contrast (jyj — Oy a - tn* ^"4°)»
Compounds), typographic(al) |
^yJ** IU- to adapt, adjust, tally, trim into Bhape
ßata') and 1-*J*- 5LU {galfa) typographi- (* s.th.); to suit, fit, match (*, * b.o.,

oal error, misprint, erratum s.th.), go, tally (*, « with), adapt o.s.,

adjust o.s. (*, • to s.o., to s.th.); to

j^a-L. (eg.) mafba'gi printer
oorrespond (> to s.th.), concur, agree,
3
l*^. mifba'a pl £»LL. mafäbi' printing conform, be in keeping {*, » with s.o.,

machine, printing press with s.th.), fit (a into s.th.) IV to close,

~\]ß täbi' printer; — fäba' impress, shut (a s.th., e.g., the eyes, mouth, etc.);

stamp, mark, oharacter; (pl. g}jl* to cover, cover up (*, J* s.th., also *

stamp; imprint, with one's hand J* B.th.); to Surround,

fatoäbi' 3 ) seal, signet;
impression; (postage, encircle, encompass (J* s.o.); to
be
print, impress,
and
tablet, pül JüjJI £»U» agreed, agree, come to an agreement
etc.) stamp; |

postage stamp; jjlTä; ^U» (J* on,

about) jOj J* J>l (yoÄ) he
t^jjj; £.lk
|

(ta4käri) eommemorative stamp; ^U» presBed my hand V to get or be covered

«U»^l fingerprint; ^lUI l_-*-U keeperof or closed VII = V; to be applicable,

talLi ^J* to place, set, or apply (J* to), fit, suit (J* s.o., s.th.),
the seal;
hold good (J* be true of); to
leave, one's stamp, mark, or impress for), <J*
 563
J>
be in oonformity, be conaistent, be JiJu tafbiq adaptation, socommoda-
oompatible, be in keeping, oonfonn, tion, adjustment ; application
agree (J» with), correspond
(J. to s.th.)
JrJu tafinqi applied; practioal, serv-
jJ» fibqa (prep.) aocording to, oor- ing praotioal enda LiJL;
| applied
responding to, in acoordanoe with, in f>=
scienoes
oonformity with | J Uy. (/üjan) do.;
«ill.. mvfäbaqa agreement, oonformity,
J-»VI Jj, ijj*, ifüra, ttfl) true oopy;
oongruity, correspondenoe
ezact replica
jilL; tatßmq oongruence (geom .)
jJ» foioj pl. jLLI afbag Ud, oover;
plate; dish, ahallow bowl; (round) J; U». mvfibiq oorresponding, oongruous,
tray,
aalver; aah tray; (pl. jLLI, s lao
JU. oonformable, in agreement or conformity
libäq) layer, tier; Stratum (of the air);
(with) |
ilüJL j,^ true, truthful, vera-
pl. JU> (with foll. genit.) auperposed oious, agreeing with the facta,
true to
maases, Iayered formationa, pile«, largo nature, lifelike
quantitiesof... ;J\l JU.I flying aauoera
|
jJ«- mufbiq entire, oomplete, utter,
üJ, i, yad fabiqa closed hand absolute, total; — mufbaq preased; coat-
ed, inorueted (^-»ilL, with gold); subter-
üJ«
tabaqa pl. -ät layer; atratum (of
ranean dungeon, oubliette, Underground
earth, air, Society, eto.); floor, story
(of
ohamber UJJI jj>l {mvfbaqa) (phon.)
a building); clase, category; generation |

|
the sounds f, $, f t z
O <Uj>Jtll iUJI (fujrüriya) stratoaphere;
«_^JI olLU (naj'i*j) the impure castes, "
JU. fabäq, (vbäq (tg.) tobacco
the pariahsj «L-jdl ÜJJI (miilawutita)
the middle olaas(es); oUJJI 'JJ. fabala u Ifabl) to beat a drum to drum
^- AorJ v U =
;

clasa struggle; ^jVI

I; to beat the drum (J for s.o.,
o/-/. olij. ^ 'Um i.e.,to campaign, make Propaganda fors.o.)
aX-ari geology; U-Ul
I. ÜJIill j jj.u.
regarded as third-rate JJ» fabl drumming, drumbeat; (pl.
J»J. fubül, JLil afbal) drum; baaa drum
JjU. Mio?, fcttig pl. jjljl, (0^16^1
large brioks; floor, atory (of (of the Western orchestra)
a building) |

^jVI JjUtll (ar^t) ground floor drum

iU. faila öiVI iU. | /. aj-urfun
eardrum, tympanio membrane
iljli» JäidJ pl. ^[A fawäoij" laige
bricks *U. labla .«, JJ, fytal
pl.
(q,.) i O0i r

jU. libSq (with padlock

foll. genit. or sufflx)
that which is in agreement, in keeping,
J-l» fabli drum-ahaped
or in oonformity with..., correaponding,
JLL tabbäl pl. -ßn drummer
analogous (to s.th.), in aocordance (with),
oonformable (to), ooneistent (with), oom- JJ». mufabbal moist, damp (ground)
patible (with); antithesis, juxtaposition
•iU. failo pl. -ät table
of contrasting ideaa (rhei.)
yj» foifijw pl. -<», d JU. fatal«
J-t fabfq (with foll. genit. or sufflx)
a low, round table; turntable; tray,
s.th. in agreement, in keeping, or in oon-
wooden aalver
formity with..., oorresponding, analo-
gous (to s.th.), in accordano» (with), con- »jA faiina o to be bright, intelligent
aiatent (with), oompatible (with)
j.y labin bright, intelligent
 554
u>
0,-U. (ähün and «ij-U. (ähüna pl.
•ijiU. fSbüna (u_,i (abüna) pl. -ö( a smaU,
«ij-U.
,>_-!> (awähin' mill, grinder |
.l^«JI
jar-shaped oven, Bank in the ground,
(. al-kawä' windmill
open on top, used for baking bread bak- ;

ery; (pal-, eg.) (baker's) oven mifhana pl. J.-U" ma(ähin' mill,

grinder
•üLt (abbin pl. -öl (wheel) tire
«ji. ma(hana pl. j»-Uu mofäAin' mill;
Än^J» fabanja pl. -öl pistol flour mill

kJjl» '°°'t U P alphabetically j»-U» JäAin molar tooth, grinder

J_,U» läbiya pl.

«>-U» (ähina pl. J»-'^ touwAin molar

9

^.U. fäjjn pl. J»-l> taväjin' frying pan;

tooth, grinder
(ey.) Bhallow earthen pot

O öjj>JJI ^Ul af-faiojo a(-(ukrinya the

-LJ» foAfaAa to break, shatter, smash
Btratosphere
(» s.th.)

J» (orra u (farr, jjj» <urfir) to aharpen, hone,

JJ. (JuM, (oW?) sediment, dregs, leea grow; to sprout, come
whet (» s.th.); to

JUJ. (i*öi pl. -«, J~l» («*iJ spieen, out (muatache, hair)
milt (wrrnn altogether, all without
\J*
JUJ» f»A£fi Bplenic exception, one and all

j> (urwr forelock;

JUJ» (uhäl inflammation of the spieen, ;_> (urra pl.

splenitis knotted cloth or kerchief

Jj»J»* mafhül having a diseaBed spieen, jl> (arrär pl. !jl> (arrira [magr.)

splenetio tambourine player rogue, sooundrel ;

JUJ. (ahälib' I> (ara'a a dar', .j> furfi') to descend,

^_UJ. fuMui (coli. ; n. un. ;) pl.

water moas break in, come (Ja upon), overtake,

befall (Jp s.o.),
happen unexpectedly
^i, fahana a. {(ahn) to grind, mill, bray, to occur (Jp or J to s.o., of
(J. to
s.o.);
pulverize (» s.th., 6Bp. grain); to crush, an idea) | «Jp 1> ÜU what's got into
to wear
ruin, deBtroy (», • s.o., s.th.);
him all of a sudden? what's the matter
out, wear down s.o.), exact a heavy of a sudden? %ßi «Jp o1>
(. with him all

toll (. of s.o.; age, yeare) VI to quarrel, an idea occurred to him, he

(filcratun)
wrangle, be antagonistic, be in conflict had an idea; /i J-u' *JU- 1
J* lAi
1
I

(with one another), to conflict {taiaddulun yudkaru) (no change worth

jmU (ihn flour, meal mentioning came over the Situation, i.e.)

the Situation remained substantially

,y,J» (ahm flour, meal
unchanged IV to praise, laud, extol (.

^*b fahini mealy, farinaceous B.O.)

«JL»i foAtniyo («ff.)

a sweet made of .^jj» (ort' fresh, new
Besame-seed meal and sugar eitraneous, ei-
jjüt färi' foreign,
(ahina a thick sauce unusual; accidental, incidental,
«V^ [eg., ayr.) trinsic,

made of sesame oil, and served with casual, unforeseen, uneipected, oon-

Balads, vegetables, etc. tingent; a new factor or development

intervening suddenly, a contingent;
üUJ» fohhdn milier
 566
c>
unexpeoted visitor; sudden Btirring, ^-ijlji* look up alphabetioally
sudden impulse (,>• e.g. f of joy)
Jy.J- tarbül pl. Jm\J, laräbW tarboosh,
«JjU. lärfa pl. ^jljL /au*»-» un-
fez
foreseen event, unexpected aase, a
oontingent; new faotor or development; ,>^l> larabiü tarboosh merohant
inoident, aooident ^jljUI »IL. State of
|
a^.JLt myfatia! wearing a tarboosh,
emergenoy
tarbooshed
jT,i» /ur*dn{ of unknown origin, wild
tri-J^ mutalarbU wearing a tarboosh,
^\J. tartOmlu*: UJI tarbooshed; hence, in Eg„ a member of
f ^\J. Tripoli (in
Lebanon); Vji the white-oollar
)l
^J. t, al-jatb Tripoli
middle
olass, of the eduoated
(in Libya) olass

V> /arßo a tfaroo) to be moved (witb joy £jl> lardha a (Jarl) to throw, oast, fling, tpss
or grief); to be delighted, be overjoyed, (J» v or < s.th. onto or upon); to throw,
be transported with joy II to delight, toss, or Sing away, throw off, disoard,
All with delight, enrapture, phase, dump (*_. or » e.th.); to remove, drive
gratify (. s.o.); to sing, vooalize, ohant away, expel, rejeot, disown, repudiate
I¥ to delight, fill with delight, en- (v °r "• • ».o., s.th.); to throw or put
rapture, please, gratify (. s.o.); to make (J* a a garment on or over s.o.); to
muaio; to sing, vooalize, ohant; to play present, submit
(J» < s.th. to s.o.); to
muaio (. for s.o.), sing (. to s.o.) teaoh (J* » a tune to s.o.); to oede,
surrender, yield (J < s.th. to s.o.); to
V> tarai pl. v'jW ajrSb joy, pleasure,
miscarry, have a misearriage ; to deduot,
delight, rapture;
amuaement, entertain-
subtraot, diseount (,>. < s.th. from)
ment (with muaio and the like); muaio |

| «.Uli i^UI j to-jU (mundgaao, 'ämma)

V^*" *" musioal instrument
to invite tenders, or bids, publiciy for

V> tarib pl.

^,\J. firilb moved (with s.th. (e.g., the government for some
joy or grief), touohed, affedted; delighted,
enraptured, transported, pleased, charmed
projeot); Vl> Je
c > (tu'älm) to put
a question to s.o. ; £*J\ iLj J» ilt_
J,
[mat'alaian, ü-baht)
to broaoh or
b.
VJ.A tarvb gay, merry, lively
raiae a question, present a problem for
V.A' ofrao' more delightful; maüng oonaideration n to cause a misoarriage
better musio, being a better musioian; (U to a woman); U>l , ^J. (ifjirühan)
more melodious to throw s.th. far away, fling s.th. off
or away in to exohange (» • with s.o.
vl>l <trM delight, deleotation, di-
s.th.)
Version f&\ o-jli. (kalim) to oonverse
|

with s.o., haveatalkwiths.o.; ijoil o-jlt

^JL. mufrib delightful, ravishing, to ohat with s.o., have a oonversation
oharming, amusing, entertaraing; me- witha.o.j ili-VI 4»yU. («"ü>)to exohange
lodious; musioian; singer, voealist, Chan-
questions with s.o. ¥ to drop, lall, or
sonnier
tumble to the gronnd ¥1 to exohange
*ij~ mufriba singer, songstress, vo- with one another (< e.g., thought«)
oalist, ohanteuse VII to be flung, be tossed, be thrown,
be
rejected, be expelled, be disowned, be
•teJ" tarabHa (eg.) table repudiated; to throw o.s. down, prostrate
 566
c>
to djU farada u (\ard) to drive away, ohase
o.a. {e.g., ^j*!/l J» on the ground);
be thrown down, be dropped VIII to away, push away, shove away, reject,

repel, banish, ezile, dismisa, drive out,

throw far away, fling off or away (a
eviot (j* a, s.o., e.th. from);
s.th.) ; to disoard, throw away (a s.th.) ezpel, •

to chaae, hunt, hound (a, • a.o., s.th.) |

rejeotion, re-
r jt fark expulflion,
- y. £. ti^ (manf&ihl) to relieve s.o.
pubion, banishment, repudiation; mis- dismiss b.o. II = I; III to
of bis offloe,
carriage, abortion; subtraction, deduo- launch an at-
assault, attack (a, • a.o.),

tion, disoount |
j*J\
c > t-
al-bahr {eg.)
taok (a, • on); to stalk (a an animal,
olluviation, alluvial deposits
game); to pursue, follow (a, • s.o., s.th.),

run after or s.th. (a, give chaae

r^ J» r£ misoarried foetus s.o. •),

(a, » to) VIII to drive away as booty (a

4+.Jß farha pl. £> fwa£ veü (aome- be oon-
animals); to be consecutive,
times embroidered) worn by Arab
tinuoua, form an uninterrupted se-
women as a headcloth; headoloth, head
quenoe, auoceed one another continu-
veü flow uninterruptedly, carry
oosly; to
thrown water perennially (river); to progresa or
£> (ort* pl. j-J* \airh&

down, oast down, dumped; thrown to get on at a rapid pace, make good
the ground, felled, proatrate; expelled, headway (undertaking) X to proceed
banished, rejected, disowned, repudiated |
(in one's Speech), go on to say, con-

*|_^iJ| 4.^ bedhdden, oonfined to bed tinue (a a.th., e.g., one's Speech); to

asaignment, task J*i

ohange, paas on (in speeoh) (J — ö*
'**]» tariha |
from — to); to digress (in speaking),
^jUU {kt§l) Job work, pieoework (eg.)
Jy
make an ezcursus | Jl iJli j* *J*z*\
a»-l> tarräha pl. £jl> faräH^ mat- ül (qaviihi) thereupon he proceeded
treas; haasook, ottoman to speak about..., then he broached the
aubject of..., after that he went on to
ttfrflAa dissertation, thesis (Syr.)
'**-jJ»\
say that...

c>*
mafrah pl. jU«* mafdrih* place
c jjt ford driving away, chasing away,
where a.th. is thrown or at whioh a.th.
repulaion, expubion, eviction, dismissal,
is discarded, a dump; place, spot, loca-
banishment, ezpatriation; pursuit, chaae,
tion» locality ; seat (in an auditorium)
hunt; swarm (of beea); (pl. jj> furüd)

-\Jß\ iftiräh
rejection, repudiation parcel/ package |
l-£* ß \*J* *JU- ^
(mas'alaian fardan wa-'akmn) to study
^jjk. mafrüh thrown down, caat
a problem from all aides, in all its
down, dumped, thrown off, discarded;
aspects
lying on the ground, proatrate; Sub-
trahend (matt.) | o c
j>ll minuend
&Jß fardt parcel-, package- (in Com-
(matt.) pounds), like a parcel or package

•jk* munfartt thrown down, cast •AjU tarda (n. vio.) a driving away,
down, dumped, thrown off, discarded; ohaaing away, repulaion, expulflion, evic-
expelled, banished, rejected, disowned, tion, banishment
repudiated
farid expelled, evicted, ousted,
±J»
outcast, outlawed, banished, exÜed,
bjm-Jß farjeün tarragon (Ärtemiaia dracun-
expatriate(d); fugitive. fleeing, on the
oulua; bot.)
 667
;>
run; expellee; outcart, out law; üU_^U1I
^> fin pl.
^\J,\ aträe, ^jj, furo* sheet
af-taridän night and day (of paper); paper
J4>> farida pl. jS\J, farä'id* game
*tAA P*n&* o (jarai) to be or become deaf;
animal, game game
beaat;
—
faraXa u to vomit, throw up, disgorge
jl^U farräd cruiser (warship); (eg.) II to deafen (• s.o.)
dike, embankment, dam, levee (esp. of
the Nile) ^Jß farS whitewashing
oljL farräda cruiser (warship) JJ, farS pl. ^jj, furüi (ayr.) herd (of
cattle), flook (of sheep)
*\J* firäd pursuit, ohase
^Jß faroi deafhess
ojlL. mufärada repulsion, expulsion,
baniehraent; pursuit, ohase; hunt ~<±Jß furta deafness
I
*J\^
öjlUI fighter plane, pursuit plane, inter* JJA atraS», f. .U> farUf, pl. JJ,
ceptor puri deaf iLl JJ,\
| (omifcfc«) stone-deai
jl^UI iffiräd uninterrupted or regulär
,sJ** mufarrii vomitive; emetio
sequence, oontinuity

jljlt-l istifräd
^SJ» furH mixed picklea
pl. -ät digression,
divagation; exoursus
AA farjara to brag, boast, swagger, show
jjlL. mufärid pureuer; hunter Sylt off
|

OjU»* fighter plane, pursuit plane, inter-

ceptor
j» furfür pl. jt,\J, fartyr* high,
conical oap (of dervishea, clowns, etc.)
*J*a muffarid incessant, uninterrupted,
continuous, continual, unvarying, steady, J» tarafür and j>l> faräfür (eg.,
syr.) a sort of mayonnaise (made of fa*
constant; general | Sj^U. Ij*\j general
hina, parsley, lemon, oü, milk, garlio and
rule; j-iil j^L. m. an-nasq uniform
nuts)
(adj.); j»iJi i^L. m. an-nagm monotonous
(song)
J^Jß tarpüa to splash, bespatter, splatter

jj* II to embroider {* s.th.); to embellish (. s.o.); to roughoast (* a building, a

a story); to garnish (^ * wall)

{* s.th., e.g.,
a dish with)
vj^J* farfüfa end, tip, point; Jerusalem
jj* farz pl. jjjß furüz type, model, artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.;
make, brand, sort, kind; fashion, style bot); truffle

i* jj* farzi fashion- {in Compounds)

j$*J* farfir tartar, wine stone
jlji» fifäz pl. ljj,\
j_> furuz, afrixa
J»_> farafa i (farf) to blink, twinkle, wink,
type, model, olass, make, brand, sort,
kind, variety, speeies; fashion, style;
squint (also aXm bi-'ainaihi) ; — faru/a u
(<i\Jß faräfa) to be newly aoquired, be a
architectural style; embroidery jt^UI j.
|
reoent acquiaition IV to feature or teil
fli}\ old-fashioned, outmoded; jl^UI fJi
s.th. new or novel, say s.th. new or
do.; jl^ i-uL ^L-* muaaüah bi-ahäa}}.
original, introduoe a novel angle or
equipped with the latest arms; ^ idea; to present (• s.o.
v with s.th.
JjVl jljLII (awwal) first-claas, first-rate
new or novel), give (* to s.o. l_j s.th.
J„J^ tyriz embroidering, embroidery new or novel) V to be on the extreme
 ;;

>> __ 658

viewpoint or hjß fwfa pl. u>J> furo/ novelty,

aide, hold an extreme
be radical, have rarity, ouriosity, curio, rare objeet,
positlon, go to extremes,

radioal views choiee item; exquisite present; maater*

pieoe, chef-d'oeuvre ; hit, high light,

.jjU/or/ eye; glance, look |

<J»jL jUl U pieoe de reaistance
(a&ära) he didn't bat an eye; -~jJ* > »U^U farfä*' (coli.; n. un. 1) tamariak
(kafty) secretly, furtively, diBcreetly;
J». {bot.)
ÖjUI jIjjjd*' ka-rtidädi f-h "* the twin '

<Ju^ ptrif curious, atrange, odd novel, :

kling of an eye, inatantly
exquisite, aingular, rare, uncommon
i_jjU fora/ pl. <J»^I afrä/ utmoat part,
Ui> farf/o pl. ui?l> pträ'if* rare,
outermoat point, extremity, end, tip,
exquiBite thing; uncommon objeet or
point, edge, fringe, limit, border; aide;
piece (e.g., of art); pl. cJui^U curioaitiea,
region, area, aection; j- J>J» a part of,
oddities, uncommon qualitiea
a bit of, eome party;
(as, to a dispute, of
iiljL faräfa novelty, uncommonneaa,
a oontract, etc.); faraja (prep.) with, at,
of; pl. J»'jW limbs, pecuUarity, bddneas, strangeneas, curi-
on the part or side
genit.) aections of, oaity, originality
extremitiea; (with foll.

jjt ^tro/oy» n-nahär in shawl

Ü>J*» mifraf, mufraf
parte of |
jl«JI

the morning and in the evening, morninga excesa, exceesiveneaa,

Ji^j tatarruf
and eveninga; (-r
<i-Ü j^l» J» \y£ {jarajai
immoderation, extravagance, extremism,
naqi4%n) they were at variance, they oar-
extreme Standpoint or poeition, radical
ried on a feud; Lr
*-iJ jj* J* »Wj jK'"(wa-
attitude, radioaliam
iyyäku) they held diametrically oppoaed
ÖjU» tärif newly acquired
views orpoaitions; üxJI «J»'^l a.al-badan
Ü^Lu mtäafarrif utmoat, outmost,
the extremitiea of the body, the Umba;
farthest outward, looated at the outer-
gL^I J»l>l fingertips; 4^*1* ^IA' J* a <
'

gadamaiA») on tiptoe; ij-iil t-iljW <*• «*- moat point extreme, extremistic radioal
; ;

city; J»ljUl/l an extremist, a radical ~*ij*i* i^? (jiha)

maätno the outakirta of the |

•oilcll (muta'äqida) the contracting par- outlying district, outakü-t(s)

ties; <J>j1»j with, at, on the part or aideof;

3Jß faraqa u (farq) to knook, rap, bang (*
.JijU on the part of J>J» Jl *J»^» i>
j- ;
hammer, atrike
at, on, esp. at a door) ; to
from one end to the other; J»Jß >-j'j»-I hammer, forge (* s.th., eap.
with a
^»*JI the right-wing partiea; J>\J*\ v^r metal); to come over b.o. (*), befall
doJ-l 7'dia6a afräfa l-h. to talk, oonverae,
(v
s.o.; of a feeling); to come (», * to,
have a converaation VjW i> <*U*H £*: ;
upon; also of events); to reach (* s.th.),
(&ard'ato) to be a highly efficient man,
get to s.th. (*), get as fax as s.th. (*); to
be highly qualified; »^ill t_iljU £*; to
come by night | *JÜ 3J* {u£unakü) to
give a aurvey or outline of a.th. t aum-
atrike s.o.'a ear, reach s.o.'a ear; *)U 3J*
marize, sum up s.th.; (UljU) MJ* *J* aJ (bi-bälihi) to oeeur to s.o., oome to
*U- > to teil b.o. an epiaode (episodes)
a.o. 's mind; *i*i j 3J» {4%hniki) do.
of one's life
*•*• JjU (aam'ahü) and *a*1—* 3J* to
«jL» W-f- 'a»n»n and reach e.o.'s ear, come to b.o.'b knowl-
üjU \ar\a\ ,>*
tne twinkling of an eye, edge or attention; tüjl» 3J* to tread,
i>* *».A J i*1

inatantly; Ji* «> — U (farfata) not one travel, follow, take, or uae a road; <j>J*

moment Vy±j* to treat of a subjeet, discuas a

 SS9
>J>
topio; to broach a subject, touch on Jl>. mifräq versatile, many-sided, of
a theme II to hammer, strike with a varied skills or talents
hammer, forge, extend (» s.th., esp.
SljUI ifräqa (n. vic.) a bowing of the
metal) IV to bow one's head in silence
|
head
4-!j J^J (ra'aahü) or <^j to bow
one's head V to seek
to gain accees (J( Jl^^l istifräq transit permission, free

to); to penetrate (Jl B.th. or into B.th.); passage or entry

to get (Jl to), reach (Jl B.th.), arrive JjU. färiq pl.
j\J, turräq knocking,
(Jl at); (in a Speech, and the lue) to rapping, banging, striking, beating;
noc-
touch (Jl on a subject), go into s.th. turnal visitor
(Jl), treat of s.th. (Jl) | ili .«Jl JJ^ V
Sjlt färiqa
(iakhun) not open to doubt, admitting pl.
äj\J. \awärvf mis-
fortune, disaster, calamity
no doubt
<i> farqa (n. vic.) pl. laraqät
jjjL. ma(rüq much-frequented, much-
knock,
rap(ping), traveled, well-trodden (road, trail, path)
bang(ing) (e.g., at a door); |

blow; one time (= Ij,), J->-A* £j-»r » much-discussed, fre-

j,ßj. (arqatain
twice quently treated subject

'üjm turqa way, road passage, passage-

;
J>. mufriq and J[j\ JJ„ with
way, alleyway, corridor bowed head

Ji> tariq m. and f., pl. ij. luruq, £>> tarqa'a (eg.) to crack (intr., also trans.:
CjliJ, furuqäl wayj road, high way; trail, V or » s.th., e.g., a whip); to crack,
traok, path; method |
jiA j,J, f. al. crunch (* s.th.)
jaww air route; _^JI ^J. t. al-bahr aea
route;
IijUp (än'mo pl. -<W kiosk, booth, cabin,
iyjJ, jij. (ra'faf) main road; jj^L,
stall
l>U (ämm) public road, highway, thor-
oughfare; <-._,> jj^L (umümiya) do.; je
V^ furumba pl. -d* pump
jljm by way of, via; by means of,
through; jl\ ^ji. ^ {f. il.jaunv) by air;
(j> and j» jjl, /aruwo u, 4J. fariya a
(•j'> taräwa) to be or become fresh,
öij» Cr ty means of, through; _,!*
Jj^UI Wanderer, wayfarer; Jj_A^I succulent, moist, tender, soft, mild II to
*J»li

pl. 3jU\ J-Uü qufli' af-(. highwayman, make fresh, sucoulent, moist, tender,
waylayer, brigand; J;>JI ^i to commit soft, mild (» s.th.); to moisten, wet
highway robbery; «i_> 05" to have (» s.th.); to perfume, scent IV to
j (» s.th.)

sense, be sensible praise (highly), extol, laud (. s.o.), lavish

or normal
praise (• on s.o.)
Üj_> lariqa pl.
j!\J.
3J, farä'iq',
furuq manner, mode, iSj" forty fresh, succulent, new;
means; way,
method, procedure; System; creed, faith, moist; tender, soft, mild

religion; (pl. -ät, j> furuq) religious •j'J» taräwa freshness, succulence,
brotherhood, dervish Order | ü i moistness; tenderness, softness, mild-
Jl(»a--Vl directions for use ness jU:l
| :j\J. f. al-kulq gentleness;

furuqi softness of character

J_J» pl. -ün adherent of a
religious brotherhood «j J-\ ifriya vermicelli

JjL. mifraq and "äj*, milraqa pl. JjlL, •1^1 ifrä' (high) commendation, praise,
mafäriq* hammer laudation, extolment
!ilj> JinwUa' (from Fr. Troade) Troy afbaha fu'mata n-nirdn to be destroyed
by fire; v.A' £'" *—^ ( K-'wM/S'»
»• jlt läzaj look up alphabetically l-harb) cannon fodder

jJI> (Maus" >UL \a'äm pl. **>U a/'inta food,

jj> (Tuik. foiiut) ful«} pl.

gaiter(s), legging(e) nourishment, nutriment, fare, diet;meal,

repast |
»UUI je v^' (o(('"«ö<») to go on
.jLU f&a look up alphabetically
a hunger strike

o> (It. doaina) pl. üjl> Jazdzin' dozen -*U* moj'am pl. >lk- matä'im 1 eating

house, restaurant; dining room; mess,

c_t /<J*t, (ist pl. Oj-i fm« basin; wash-
messhall (on a ship); food |
w^AJt ^ia m.
basin, washbowl ai-ia'b and ^i> »*W. soup kitchen

.- >\. fnit oyifuÄ basin; washbasin, ^oJij tafim inoculation, vaccination;

washbowl
litt pl.

inlay work |

transplantation of the Cornea {med.)

JJ^ill
^ I. aJ-garntyo

Vi-L faSqand' Tashkent (oapital of Uibek

»ULI if'dm feeding
S.S.R.)

»j»V. maf'üm tasted; already known

jl -L failoga (ey.) to do inaccurately, perform
sloppily, bungle, boten, scamp (» a Job, a«L fa'ana » a (fa'n) to thrust, pierce,

work) transfLx (^ *, • s.o., s.th. with); to stab

(» s.o.); to defame, discredit, hurt (with

~.'*\ -L fagUtqa inaecurate, sloppy, or
words; or j s.o., s.th.), speak
slipsbod work J»
evil (J* or j of); to contest, challenge,

impeach j a judgment), appeal

.•k (a'ima a (fo'm) to eat (» s.tb.); to taste (Js»-
(C»- j against a judgment); to refute,
(» s-th.); to relish, enjoy, savor (»
s.tb.)

II to graft, engraft (» s.th.)j to inoculate, disprove (j s.th.); to penetrate, enter

vaccinate (ij • s.o. with); to inlay (>-> » (j s.th. or into s.th.) | jjl j jJ. (rinn)
s.th. with, e.g., wood with ivory) IV to to be advanced in years, be old; jJ»

feed, give to eat (» . s.o. s.th.), nouiish Jj5 (qaid) to refute a (theological) doo-
j
(< • s.o. with), Berve food or drink (») trine VI to thrust eaoh other; to attack

to s.o. (.) | £jr & «-M Ö*') to appease each other, battle one another

s.o. 's hunger V to taste (* s.th.) X = V;

>L fa'n pieroing, transfixion; slander-
to aak for food ing, oalumniation, defamation; appeal

~»k fa'm pl. fu'fim taste, flavor, (j against; jw.), ohallenge, contestation,
f_y^
bs vor ; pleasing na vor, lelish impeaohment (j of; jw.); pl. oylß fu'ün
calumnies, defamations; attaoks
«_*«1. la'miya (tg.) patty made of
garlio CaL fa'tn (n. vio.) pl. ta'anäl stab,
beans, and seasoned with onion,
thrust; attack; oalumny, defamation,
and parsley
vilifioation
-aI. fu'm graft, oion; bait, Iure, deooy;
jj.ll. tSQn pl. 0^l> /o«»^'^'>
,
plag"»,
(pl. fyi» fu'Sm) vaooine
pestilenoe JaJ jj.lkll (dutnmali) bu-
|

-aI. fa'im tasty, savary, delicious bonio plague; tt^iJl ijeUJ' (fcigarl) and

»*k fu'am food; bait; i_iU.l 0^0. f.

oJ-nuUiya linderpest, cattle
Ä*»k fu'ma pl.
catch, bag jlj^ll *»J» p-»' plague, steppe murrain
quarry, |
 561
u,
JtlL. mafi'in' (pl.) invectives, abuses
J4I. lägin pl. ;UL fugdh tyrant, oppres.
(J against b.o.)
sor, deapot

JtU. fi'in and ,>JI j yXy («„„) «;iU> fäjiya tyrant, oppreasor, despot;
aged, old, advanoed in yeara l^U. *lt,j
| bully, brüte, gorilla
lampoon
Ojili. fägvt an idol, a false god; seduoer,
jj«k. moCOn plague-infeoted, plague-
tempter (to error)
stricken

»_il» II to znake deficient or Boanty (a s.th.);

'jUL an Iraqi weight equaling 2000 kg, in
to be niggardly, stingy
Baara 1637 kg (J» toward s.o.),
Stint s.o.)
(J*
'•IjiL tu#r&* pl. -<B tughra, oaligraphioally
.-iJL (afil deficient ; small, little, slight,
intricate signature of the Ottoman trivial, trifling, insignificant, inconsider-
Sultan, interwoven with hie fatber's
able
name and his own honorifio, oustomarily
used on written decrees, State documents taffif stinting, serimping, nig.
and coins gardlineas, stinginess, paraimony

iSj^ tvjra = »lyl» fugrä'' 'Jit tafi'a a (.jib, fu/«') to go out, die down,
be eitinguished (fire, light); to be out,
^lil» tagäm oommon people, populace; low-
have gone out (fire, lamp) IV to put
ly, insignificant
out, extinguish, smother, stifle (» a fire),
*-l« tuqma, fagma pl. -äl band, troop, turn off, switch off (» light); to quench
group (> fire, thirst), alake (» thirst, also lime)
|

(jit and jU) U. fajä u and jl, fagä a (fagy)

wata yaumihi wa-ahraqa fahmata laüihi
and (agiya a (ji> fagan, oUU (vgyän) to
fi l-'amal) to work day and night
exoeed proper bounda, overstep the
bounds,
VII = 'Ji. fafi'a
be exoeBsive; to be rough,
tumultuous, rage (aea); to overfiow, D ilii. (affäya fire-extinguishing de-
leave its banks (river); to fiood, overfiow, vice

inundate, deluge
(J« B.th.)j to overcome, ;UL. mitfa'a pl. 'jlk. maiäfi'' fire-
seize, grip, befall s.o.); to be ty-
(J» fighting equipment, fire extinguisher, fire
rannical or cruel against s.o.), engine
(J* |
"jlUI JU-j the fire department,
tyrannize, oppress, terrorize s.o.), the firemen
(J*
ride roughshod (J* over s.o.); jj. —
•ULI ifjS putting out, quenohing,
\agä a to predominate, prevail, pre-
extinguishing, extinction, fire fighting
ponderate (J* in, at), dominate, out- |

weigh, outbalanoe (J» s.th.), be pre-

jj_^-l >Ui,l
j^ jahäz i. al-hariq fire-
fightingequipment .UUVI JU-j the fire
ponderant (J* over, in eomparison with
s.th.)
department, the firemen; .LitVI oLL^
'amaliyät ai-i. fire-fighting Operations
iljiL fugwän flood, inundation, del-
uge jUil iffä'i fireman

üLJ. tugyän iJUirl itfä'iya fire department

flood, inundation, deluge;
tyranny, oppreasion, suppression, re- UL. mvffa' eitinguished, gone out,
preasion, terTOrization out ; mat, dull, flat, lusterless
 662
c*
jjl. fa/oJra a (Jo/J, jll fu/üA) to flow over, people's expense V = II; to arrive un-
C an inconvenient time,
with, also, e.g., invited or at
run over, overflow (^
generosity, etc.); to disturb, intrude; to be obtrusive
the heart with
cause to overflow (^ e.g., the milk) II to potter's clay,
Jik faß tender, soft;

fill to overflowing, All to the brim (> a argil

vessel); to overfill (> ».th.) IV = II
Jik lifl pl. JUU afläl infant, baby,
_jk faß superabundance, repletion; child
skin eruption, rash, exanthema {med.)
«Lik lifia little girl
4mJ1» \aßa skin eruption, rash. exan-
ohüd (adj.), baby (adj.),
thema (med.) JjÜp tiflt
children's, of or pertaining to obildhood
*Jb taßl eruptive, exanthematic
or infancy; infantile, childlike, childish
(med.) JJI (fibb) pediatrics
|
JJJI
repletion
rJjL fu/vA superabundance, Jik fajal infancy, babyhood, early

;».Ulr fujäha skimmingB, foam, froth childhood ; childhood, childhood stage

üLUk /u/Aön", f. j~U. fo/*ä flowing «Uk fafla potter's clay, argil

over, running over, brimful, replete,

JUk (u/äi potter's clay; argil; clay,
overfull, fllled to overflowing
loam
<*uilu mitfaha skimmer, skimming
4JUk tajäla infancy, babyhood, early
ladle
childhood; childhood, childhood stage;
-ilk läfih flowing over, running over, initial stage, beginnings, dawn, early
brimful, replete, overfull, fllled to over- period
flowing
il »ik pajvla infancy, babyhood, early
<j& (ajara i (fafr) to jump, leap, bounce |
childhood; childhood, childhood stage;

L,-*t>r tlyik approx.: her bosom heaved children

violently (with joyous Agitation) iJ^ik fujtiliya infancy, babyhood,

IJb fajra jump, leap, bounce, bound; early childhood; childhood, childhood

impulsive motion, impetuosity; upswing, stage

upturn, suoceasful Step; fajraian

rise,
J_^ik Ju/fiJJ child (adj.), baby (adj.),

in one leap children's, of or pertaining to childhood

ül_^ik fafrän pauper, have-not or infancy; infantile, childlike, childish

'Djil (afar (= ji) ornpper (of the saddle) J«ik fufaüi uninvited guest, intruder,
obtruder, sponger, hanger-on, parasite,
jiiL. ta/aba i (lall) to run away, flee, eacape aycophant; pL oU-ik parasites (med..

Hol.) |
•ij aui y. 'am af-f. parasitology
-

imperf.: to Jilc mvtafaffi parasitic(al); parasite,

jiU lafiqa a (]a}aq) with foll.

begin, set out to do a.th.; to do s-th. apongar, uninvited gueet

suddenly
(jHß) Uk tajä u (jil lafw, fu/üiu) to float,

intrude, obtrude, impose oj. drift; to emerge, rise to the surface

AiU II to |

upon); to sponge on i.o., jkJI Jl 4, Uk (eafh) to bring a.th. to the

(J* (J*
AiSL J» at s.o.'s table), live at other surface
 ;

<_JL1»

yUI» tu/äiM anything drifting or «urrounding area); (of a room,

window,
floating, driftage, floatage, flotsam; halo open (J. upon, to, toward), give
eto.) to
(around the sun or moon)
(> on), face
(J. toward); to look out,
.jU» lAfin superficial peek out, peep out (j. of s.th.); to
appoar, show
<J^* täfiya floating iceberg
Jl» «i« pl. J^L tiläl dew; fine rain,
G *Ajl* faffSya see >1U
drizzle

jl /aqqa u (laqq) to crack, pop; to olack, JU. talal pl. J^LI atm, JjlL lulil, used
smack, Aap; to burst, explode chiefly in the pl.: remain«, ruins (of
houses); remain», or traces,
jJ" n to introduce into one of 'the Orders of an
abandonod encampment
of the ministry (Chr.) V to perform a
rite, follow a ritual JfüV. matlül: Jjilu ,j (dam) unavenged
blood
0-& taq» weather; climate; — (pl.
^.jil i%ufit) rite, ritual; religious custom; Jl» r^ba u (lalai, ^JL. maflab) to look,
Order of the ministry, clerical rank (Chr.) search (*, . for s.o., for s.th.); to set

,»-il»
out (, for a place), get on one's way
laqrt liturgical; liturgigt (Chr.); (*
ot—iUI to), go to see (», . s.o., g.th.); to request
altaqttySI the liturgical booka
(Chr.) (» e.th.), apply (* for); to seek, try to
obtain, claim (^. < s.th. from), ask,
beg
jlüt faglaga to crack, snap, rattle, clatter, (» ,> s.o. for); to demand, exact, require
ohug, pop, craeh; to crackle,
(de)crep- (» Jl of s.o. s.th.); to want, wi»h (j. .
itate, rustle s.th. from; Jl s.o. Ol to do s.tb.); to
«>il. fa0Oqa Crash, bang; clap, thud, call (Jl upon s.o.), appeal (Jl to s.o.),
crack, pop; (pl. ji,U, invite, request, entreat,
iaqäHq>) ditty, beseech (Jl
gay, populär song s.o.); to order, demand (j. » s.th.
from), call (» for s.th.,
j. from), call in
|J» II to harness, bridle (» a borse)
(» s.th., ,j. from); to be after s.o. or
yH laqm pl. fjil luqüm, lyit luqüma, s.th. (», .); to study III to demand back,
(«U afqum a number of complementary reclaim ( v or » . from s.o. s.th.), call
objects or things; series; suit (of for the return or restitution
clothes) of s.th. (^
»et (of tools, and the or »), demand, claim (u or i
like) ; harness (of , from
a horse); Service (e.g., of china, s.o. s.th.); to demand, claim
eto.)
|
( v s.th.)
üb_yl denture, set of teeth V to require, neoessitate, make necesaary
füß
or requisite (. s.th.) VII pass.
f\l läqim = laqm; crew (of a ship)
|
of I

dL_.yl ^ill. denture, set of teoth V^» falab search, quest, pursuit;
(pl. -ät) demand, claim, call (for), in-
Ji» lalla u (fall) to bespray, besprinklo, be-
vitation (to), solicitation,wish, desire,
drizzle, bedew (t s.th., esp. the sky — request, entreaty; application,
the earth); —
lalla u to emerge, rise,
Petition;
order, commission; demand (com.);
loom up, come into view, appear, study
show |
«iL £.* at s.o.'s disposal; ^ÜJI x* and
IV to look down (J. upon), tower j»
( V-*UI jj on demand, by request, if
above), commard a view of s.th. desired,
(J»), on application; O .-IUI j.i
overlook, «urvey
(J. s.th.); to command! lihini l-l. at sight (com.); .^ILlj,
dominate, overtop ^Jj\
(J, ,.th., e .g., the Canf) supply and demand; UJ1 <-Jl I.
 664
Jl.

u /aMA) to be or beoome
oJ.'»Jm quest of knowledge, craving for _1L faiaAa (
C^J»
bad, evil, wioked, vicious, depraved
knowledge, studiousneas; «Ul (J» ^Ji>

f.
'adam at-tiqa motion of "no oonfi. jX, falh (ooU.; n. un. :) pl. j-jll- fuM*
denoe" (pari.) a variety of acacia (Acaoia gummifera);
banana tree; banana
UL faiba litany, prayer (CAr.)
L>JL lalhfya pl. j-üt taUMy sbeet of
VLfaliba, läba desire, wish, request,
paper
demand; applioation

oommission
UJU JoJIAo (»yr.) ream of paper
; IL jalablya pl. -<M Order,
ili fätih bad, evil, wioked, vioious,
(com.)
depraved, vülainous
V ^U faliJo eiaoting, persistently olaim-
ing or demanding 'j^lt faiwa » ifals) to effaoe, obliterate, blot

out (» s.th., esp. writing)

IL. maflab search, quest, pursuit;

_
,

(pl. JIL. mafälib') demand, oall (for); IL ^ effacement, obliteration

requeat, wish; olaim; problem, issue;

pl.
^jJL (ü, effaoed, obliterated, blotted
JIL. (claima of the goyernment =) illegible
out (inscription);
tazes

demand; oall, appeal "^1 off«» satin; (pl. ^U.1 atälu') atlas,
SJIL. mvtälaba
witn volume of geograpbical maps
(with genit. or ^ for )s olaim '

genit. or t-» to) UilJL lalasäna (eg.) coping (areA.)

ju. («u» pi. v^ i

uuab - y» *aW,°
•jUuU Ja«lo*Jn pl. 5-1 U. (aycilua look up
appli-
aeeker, pursuer; claimer, claimant; alphabetioally
oant, petitioner; oandidate; Student,

»oholar, also JJI *JÜ> (• oJ-'ilm; pupü; _11. filaim, fiüasm pl. -St, {*•& talätim*
talisman, a seal, or the inscribed
a nayal rank, approl. midshipman
(Eg. like,
:

1939) jti 11»

|
J
(mumtäz) a naval rank, with wordB or characters;
mysterious

approi.: ensign (Eg. 1939); oUU-l v* " 1 charm, magical oombination of words;
petitionere ; j-ljj» JH / «-»"«# pl. --^U oryptic charaoters
suitor
Uk (ala'au (£jll. fulü', jUk mafio.') to rise,
^jJU, JäJiM student's, Student- (in ascend, oome up (esp. of celestial bodies)
oompounds), of or pertaining to studies to oome into view, appear, show, become
visible; to erupt (tooth), oome
up,
or students

olassifled
sprout, break forth (plant); to go out,
^jJL, matlüb wanted (in
get out, come out, emerge (,> from); to
ads); dne, owed (money); unknown (of
come suddenly (J» upon s.o. or s.th.),
a quantity; math.); (pl. r sl u " mafalib') «

f
debta;
overtake (J» s.o., s.th.); v "=1»
(^
wish, deeire; pl. oljjlL. liabilities, — fala'a a u
take or bring to s.o. s.th. ;

pl. ^4 ^* olaims
iL fulü') and jali'a a to mount,
(9
^J\L. mutalib claimer, olaimant;
— ascend, olimb, Scale (» s.th.); to get (»
mvfllab one of whom s.th. or s.o. (v)
on top of s.th., aboard s.th., into an
is demanded, one accountable (._> for),
automobile, on a train, etc.), board (»

held answerable (v for) a train, eto.) 111 to read, peruee (» s.th.)

to study (» s.th.); to look (» at s.th.),

,.- ' IL-. mutotoUabät requirementa
 S6S
c£
inspeot, view {* s.th.); to acquaint {• fjA IoIW striving, aapiring | y-ji.
8.0. tj with), make olear, eluoidate, i*7Li Ijüill Üowiyfi, mpid) efflcient,
explain, expound, disolose
( v . to s.o. energetio, vigorous; Ji^sS\ Jl «• & (fcj'or.
s.th.), give an insight (i_, , to s.o. into), ruf) curious, eager for news
let s.o. (•) in on s.th. (o,); to shine (*
£jil» /u/fl' rising, going up, ascending,
on s.th. ; of the sun) IV to erupt (tooth),
ascension; rise (esp. of celestial bodies);
come up, sprout, break forth (plant) j to
appearanoe; olimbing, ascent (of a
acquaint (J* • s.o. with); to inform (• s.o.
mountain)
,> or J* of or about), apprise, notify
(
jt or J» . s.o. of), let s.o. (.) know «Jl. talVa pl. ^ML falSi'' front row,
(J.
s.th. or about s.th.), teil J» . s.o. about); foremost rank, vanguard, avant-garde;
(

to demonstrate, point out, disclose, pl. harbingers, precursors, presages, por-

reveal, show ( J» . to s.o. s.th.); to give tents, Erst indications, Symptoms; be-
an insight (J» • to s.o. into), let s.o. (.) ginnings |
ÖJLII j in front, at the head,
in on s.th.
(J*) V to have an eye on in the lead
s.th. (Jl), wait, look out (Jl fbr); to
jU«. matla' pl. ^IL. matMi'' rise,
watoh (Jl for); to strive, be out (Jl for),
time of rising (of celestial bodies); point
be bent (Jl on); to look (Jl at s.o.),
of ascent; starting point, point of de-
regard (Jl s.o.); to look attentively or
parture; break (e.g., of day), dawn
olosely, gaze, Btare (^ or j at) Till to
(e.g. ( of an era); onset, outset, Start,
look; to see, behold, view (j* s.th.);
beginning; introduotion, preface, proem;
to study, come to know (J» s.th.), be-
opening verses (of a poem); preludej
come acquainted (J* with), beoome lookout; ladder, Steps, stairs
aware or oognizant (J* of), obtain
information (J» about), be informed <JUu mufäia'a reading, perusal, stud.

(J* of); to inspect, examine (J» s.th.), y; (pl. -<K) (offlcial) announcement |

look into s.th.

(J.); to know (J. s.th.
UIUI IM reading room, study hall
or of B.th.), be aware, be oognizant (Ag>
^iUJ tafaUu' striving, aspiration, en-
of); to be (well) informed (J. about),
deavor, aim; inquiaitivenese, curiosity
have (inside) information
(j* of), be
(thoroughly) aoquainted (J* with), be J^UpI iftiUr pl. St study, examination,
privy (J* to), be in on s.th. to inspection; perusal; information, intel-
(J.);
find out, discover, deteot (j* s.th.) ligenoe, knowledge; notioe, cognizance;
X to seek to discover, explore, scout, acquaintance, conversauce, familiarity
reoonnoiter (* s.th.); to inquire (*
^>Ut-l iatifUC study, researoh, investi.
about s.th.); to arouse curiosity (. in
gation, probing ; soouting, reoonnoitering,
s.o.) | «jtj *JkJ (ra'yahü) to consult
reconnaissanoe; exploration; suspense
s.o., ask s.o.'b advioe or opinion; JLi-i
(in antioipation of s.th.) flucti ^*.
•J^- (iabarahiü) to seek information |

hubb al-ist. inquisitiveneas, curiosity;

about s.o. or s.th.
JOkLi.^1 j L». (hubtan) out of curiosity;
^U» iaT (also coli.) spadiz or inflo- j^lii.^1 !/lt reoonnaissance plane
reeoence of the palm tree; pollen
je->(ki.l ittiflSl researoh-, study- (in
«Jl» taTa look(s), appearanoe, aspect,
Compounds), explorational, exploratory,
outward appearanoe, guise
faot-finding; soout-, reconnaissanoe- (in
«*U» fuia'a inquisitive, nosy, ourious
Compounds)
& S80

1 has (absolute) validity for..., it

JU> füi' pl. ^j' fowUli' rising, it

ascending (esp. a celestial body); star of applies to...; vjUI >

J^" >' <*«"<•>1

jWJl J-»- to give free rein, imposo no restraints,

destiny; ascendant, nativity |

good let things take their course; ,>. Ijj»- jlU

hum af-t. good fortune, lucky Star,

j-l luckily for mo, fortu- l^JLU (Aarftan) to unleash a war; »IjjJI jll»l
luok; ,jJU,
«ij (dawä'u bafnahü) the medicine
nately; jJUJI '^ «ayy»' of-f. ill-starred,

ill-fated, unfortunate, unluoky; hapless loosened bis bowele; J* ^L*/ jll»l

he on (rafäta) to firo, shoot at; JI «i>-j jlW

person; «JIU .U (fäK'uAfl) feil

fortune / jJI (rijlaihi, rih) to run away head over

evil days, he met with ill

heels, to beat it; fjl *j\~ jlU (»äja»«)

ÄJLU täli'a outset, beginning, Start
to run away head over heels, dash off

•Jlk* mufSli' reader like the wind, to bolt; Siljl/I jlU to

give a free hand (J to s.o. j in s.th. or
müaz* mutafalH' curious, eager, waiting
to do s.th.); «Lf- jlU to release s.o.,
(Ji f°0
set s.o. free, let s.o. go; «IjuJ JjJ jU»l
milu muttali' viewer, observer; in-
(Ii-'o6rfKtAi) to let one's tears flow freely;
formed (J» about, of), aoquainted, fa-
t>.\j^ jlLI (saröAaAü) to set s.o. at
miliär ,(j» with), cognizant (J* of),
liberty, free s.o., release s.o. (from jail
privy (J* to)
or custody); «J oL«ll jlU to give free rein

jll» foiujo u («MU faläqtt) to he oheerful, to s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th. ;
jlU
jovial, happy (face, oountenance) ; — aJ. (lihyatahü) to let one's beard grow;

tdaqat u, faluqat u (3iU» falä}) to be UJLS IMU «j «iU jU»l to indulge in

divorced, get a divorce (said of a woman) defamatory remarks about s.o., back-
— pass. tuliqal (jll> falq) to be in labor bite s.o.; v
i»*^'
j"»' (oWnaJsÄum)

II to set looae, releaso, set free, let go (», to incite s.o., e.g., a crowd, the mob (to
• s.o., s.th.); to leave, forsake (*, • s.o., boisterous demonstrationB, emotional
s.th.); to repudiate, divoroe («irjj zaw outbursts, and the like) \f-f J» ^-£11 jU»
;
I

jatahü one's wife); to grant a divorce (7ta/«a, sa^iyoJtnä) he gave free rein to
decree (J* against a woman; said of the his instincts; jUI jltl to open fire on,
J»
judge) | U—i' C-jH* (nafsahä) she dis- fire or shoot at; j jUI jll.1 to set ßre
solvedher marriage, got a divorce; C-äil»
to, set s.th. on fire; v •'4 J 11 » 1 (»«*•*•)
{fulliqat) she was granted a divorce
<Ae.
to be openhanded with, bestow s.th.

from him (by judicial decree) IV to a

lavishly; (J) j >i>. jlU to give b.o.

undo, loose, disengage (* s.th.); to free,

free hand (in, to do s.th.), give s.o.
also c*em.),
set free (», . s.o., s.th.,
unlimitedauthorityfor; s~ki\ j^n^J \yM
release, set at liberty, let go, let off, sot
(aidiyahvm) they did as they pleased
loose (», • s.o., s.th.); to send out, dis-
with the country, they dealt high,
patch (», • s.o., s.th.); to discharge (»
handedly with the oountry V to brighten-
a firearm), fire (» s.th., at), shoot
J»
beam, be radiant (with joy) l+«r J J^" |
utter, emit (» a sound); to
(J* at); to
i.I_ili (imjhvM bi-btuäma) her face broke
let burst forth (» laughter); to repudiate,
into a radiant smile VII to be free, be
divorce {<^rjj zaujatahü one's wife); to
loose, be set free (also, ehem.); to be
generalize (» s.th.); to apply (» s.th., e.g.,
jlU emitted, emanate; to raoe along, sweep
an expression, a designation, J* to) |

along, dash along; to hurry, rush (JI

... ,-1 4-U(wma) to name or call
s.th
to); to be hurled off, be flung away;
designate s.th. »9...; J» jlW (yu*k«u) I
 667
,*
to be diacharged, be flred (firearm); to J-IL /ottj pl. »Uli fulaqä'i freed,
explode, go off; to burst forth, burst out, rele&sed, Bet free, free; freedman; »U1UI
ring out (shoute, voices); to take off, name of those Meccans who remained
start off, decamp, depart (^. from); heathen until the surrender of Mecca
to start rollrag, move off, pull out (train,
*f:Ai faläqa ease, relaxedness; un-
vehicle) ; to go on, proceed on one's
restraint; cheerfulness ÜLJI ü:Ai
way; to go away, leave; to go by, pass,
|

fluency, eloquence; *»-_jJI ü"^ f. al-wajh

elapse (houra, years); to brighten, beam
cheerfulness of the face, gaiety
(face); with .-»: to utter ß.th. (tongue);
with foü. imperf. : to set out to do s.th., *äJi» /aiija repudiated or divorced
begin or start with s.th. |
^jc. ^ILil woman, divorcee
(yajri) he set out in a hurry; Uj—. jlLil
ö>iL falüga pl. jl^ir falä'iq* atallion
(mvari'an) he went away quickly, rushed
away, dashed off; J* *JU jlLil {lisänuhü) <JhAM i/Jdy freeing, liberation; setting
to utter words against; <^-j jlLil {waj* loose, releasing, release; dispatoh(ing);
huhu) his faoe brightened, became apph'cation (J* to); generalization ; lölirl
cheerful X <J^ jlkJ (bafnuhü) he had ifläqan absolutely J j^ir"bll J* absolutely,

a bowel movement unrestrictedly, without exception, in any

respect, under any circumBtanoes; J^irl
JÜ» falg talc (min.) ; labor pains, travail;
free, open, unconfined, unrestrained, J» o"^**ß (* ar-ro^ä?) the firing at s.th.,
un-
the shootingof s.o.; r'^-JI J^VU (w-aaräA, »'.
impeded, uninhibited; free (j- from),
release (of s.o.); (ülj*JI) jLJI J^irl opening
rid (,> of) |
Ul jlt folg (füg, futq)
of fire, ahelling, gunning, cannonade
al-muhayyä with a happy, cheerful face,
brigbt-faced; **-J\ jU. falg (tilg, fulg) j^Uil infiläg outburst, out break, erup-
al-wajh do.; üLJI jU» eloquent; tion, explosion, release
.j^JI j (e.g., of forces,
JjiUI (hatvä') outdoors, in the open, of energies); unrestraint, liberty | *LÄ1
under the open sky; ^xJl jU» /. al- j^kJV' nugfat al-inf. starting point, poinb
yadain openhanded, liberal, generous of departure

JÜ» füg permissible, admissible j)U» fälig (of a woman) repudiated,

jU» \alag pl. j->Ü»l afläg run, race, foot
divorced |
tf^ jJU. ^ (talätan) Bhe ia
irrevocably divorced
race; (pl. -ät, j^irl afläq) shot (with a
firearm) |
jlU g^- rapid-fire (rifle, jik* muflag free; unlimited, un-
gun) restricted, absolute; general; UiL. muf<

jU» üLJ lagan absolutely, unrestrictedly, with-

lisän faliq a facile, fluent
tongue out exception, in any reBpect, under any
circumstances |
jiU.1 Ci-I oli JjoJl (duuxji
<Äli» /a/ya pl. falaqät divorce lili»
|
(£ät a2-AuA:m) the authoritarian states;
ij^ill (taläta) definite divorce
^l^-JI jik. m. (W-aaröA free, at large, at

<ILL falaga pl. -ät shot |

LjU Ulk do liberty

J^ir faJäy divorce, talak | *j*^Lj 3°& jUai* mutafallig cheerful, jovial, bappy
(taläta) definite divorce ; j*- j J^ (face)

(raj'i) revocable (not definite) divorce;

lL* miflama rolling pin
J^ÜJI ^bT bül of divorce; J^Ul J*L- to
swear by all that's holy il* fulumba pl. -Öi pump
 ; ;
,

r*
jaimaM to frown, acowl, glower, lower fidence, to trast in), rely, depend
crJJ»
(Jl

(Jl on, upon); to make sure (J* of s.th.),

(j\l and JL) JL JaW » (JaJy) to paint, daub
reassure o.a. (J* of or with regard to);
(i_j * s.th. with); to ooat, overlay, plate
to find reassurance (Jl in), derive oon-
( v * a.th. with) |
v-*illi * JL (rfoAoft)
fidence (Jl from)
to gild s.th.; »b^Süli * JL (kahrabd') to

galvanize, electroplate s.th.; »L-Lb *

ojLl» /uma'nina calm, repoae, serenity,
JL
peace, peacefulness, tranquillity; re-
(mlfuS*) to enamel s.th. VII *J* Jkj |J

assurance, peace of mind, composure,

ÜJ-1 »I* (Mio) he wouldn't be deceived
him calmness, equanimity; trust, oonfidence
by this nue, this triok oouldn't fool

üUjuLI ifmi'ndn calm, repoae, serenity,

^At fild* coating, overlaying, plating;
peace, peacefulness, tranquillity; re-
coat, oovering (e.g., of sugar); (ooat of)
«Ij^^JIj OÜJI asBurance, peace of mind, composure,
paint; make-up, face paint |

calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence

(kahrabä*) galvanization, eleotroplating

pleasant, becoming, nice,

,jJJ*» m-ufmainn (of land) low, low-
JL faliy
lying; oalm, quiet, at ease, composed,
pretty
(re)assured, tranquil, serene, peaceable,
lj& faiäwa beauty, graoefulneaa, grace, peaceful, safe, secure ; sure, certain
elegance
trusting, confident, of good hope

uLlLJl at-fulydn the Italians

vi-*U famata u and famüa a (famt) to men-

ÜLJi- ftdaifila1 Toledo (town in Spain)

Btruate; — famata u i (famt) to deflower
(U a girl)

-L famma u (|amm, pJ» fumäm) to over-

i*L menstruation menses,
famf ;

fiow, flood, inundate, deluge, engulf

menstrual discharge
(* s.th.) VII pass. of I

«*L famaha a (rj*L fumüh) to turn, be

-L fimm large quantity, huge amount
directed (Jl to, toward; of the eye, of
sea | tj\j All (rimm) tremendous richee
glances); to aspire (Jl to, after), be bent
i.LL fämma pl. -d* (overwhelming)
(Jl on), strive, crave, long, yearn (Jl for),
oalamity, diaaster oovet to take away, remove
(Jl s.th.);

ÄLLL fumäfa tomato ( v s.th.)

rj*L fuffliiA fltriving, endeavor, aspi

•LLL famäfim* (ooll.; n. un. *) tomatoes
ration, desire, craving, ooveting, longing,

üLL famana and ,>tL fa'mana to calm, yearning ; ambition ; high aspirationa

quiet, pacify, appease, assuage, soothe lofbineas of purpoae

(*, » s.o., s.th.), aet a.o.'s mind at rest;

t-j*1» farnüK high-aiming, high-aapiring,
to fill b.o. (•) with oonfidence (Jl in),
ambitioua; oraving, covetous, desirous,
reassure (Jl * s.o. of or with regard to) arid, eager
n ^.ILI tafa'mana = j*L VI; IV üLLI
•-LL fammäh high-aiming, high-aapir-
gma'anna to remain quietly (j in a
ing, ambitioua; craving, oovetous, de-
place); to oome to rest; to be or beoome
sirous, arid, eager
Btill, quiet, calm, tranquil, at ease,

compoaed, or reasaured, feel assured, «*k* mafmah pl. flk. mat&mih* objeot

confident, or seoure; to be sure, be of one's longing or atriving, (aspired)

certain (j» or Jl of s.th.); to have oon- goal, aim, ambition, burning desire
 ;

669
C*
f\b fämih high-aiming, high-aapiring J»|J» tamäfim* (coli.; n. un. *) tomatoes
longing, yearning, craving, covetoua,
jljW*!» fumfumäni barbarous, barbaric, un-
avid, eager
educated (esp. speech, pronunciation)

\fjß famara u i (famr) to bury, inter, cover

with earth (* a.th., esp, a corpee); — aJ» fami'a a {fama') to covet, deaire (i_>

or j s.th.), wish, crave, strive (<~> or j

tamara i to cover up (* a thing), fill up
for), aspire (^ or j to, after); to ezpeot
(* a well)
(._> s.th., ^ from); to hope j for); to be (

jS fimr pl. jLi»i afmär old, tattered ambitious; — pimua u (Ä*Li» tamä'a)
garment, rags, tattere to be covetous, avid, greedy, avaricious

jj» timirr fiery ateed, raoe hörse

II to make (• s.o.) desiroua (j of), fill

(• s.o.) with greed (j for); to allure,

^J*. mifmar plumb line
tempt, entioe (» s.o.); to give (• s.o.) hope
jj*L> mafmür Bubterranean, Under- (ii of), hold out hopea (• to s.o., j of
ground | O £»lj_^*J*L! ]* *ilm al-mafmürät s.th.), embolden (• s.o.), encourage (j •

paleontology b.o. to do s.th.) IV = II

•jyh* mafmüra pl. j^lk. matämir* £*1» fama' pl. fLU afTnä* greed,
greediness, avidity, covetousness; ambi-
subterranean atorehouse for grain, Under-
tious deaire, ambition; objeot of desire
ground granary, mattamore
fl*l» \amn\S avid, greedy, covetous,
*jj* II (eg.) to ourry(comb), rub down (*
desiroua; avarioious, graaping
a hone)
5-* 1*1» tamä'iya avidity, greed; cupidity,
jLt /«mär {eg.) currycomb
avarice

•jLjL fümär pl. j<+\jk fawämir2 look up (

fcJ*. mafma' pl. £.11*. mafämi' 1 coveted
alphabetically objeot; covetousness, craving, desire;
hope, expectation; pl. ambitiouB de-
ijS famasa u i (fams, ,_yj^ fumüs) to be
aigns, ambitiona, Bchemes, aapirationa,
effaced, be obliterated, be erased, be
desires
wiped out, be blotted out, be destroyed,
i*J** mafma'a Iure, enticement, temp-
be eradicated; to lose animation, be-
tation
come lusterless (eye, glance) ; — (amorn i

(fams) to eflface, obliterate, eraae, ex- £LL. mifTnä' filled with greed; obsessed

punge, blot out, wipe out, destroy, erad- by ambition, overambitious

icate (J* or * a.th.) VII to be effaced,
j^J» II to quiet, calm, appease, pacify,
be obliterated, be wiped out, be blotted
allay, aasuage, soothe (*, • s.o., s.th.);
out, beoome extinct
see also ^U» fa'mana under ut*L VI to
~S
{J fams effacement, obliteration be low; to become low, sink, subside;
to calm down, be or become quiet, calm,
^ l^«j 1 infimäs inoomprehensiblenesa,
still, to abate; to be bent over, to stoop
abstruseness
uUl» \amS,n calm, quiet, repose, peace,
ur- LI» fdmis extinct, dead; blurred, in-
peacefulneaa, aerenity, tranquillity; re-
distinct; incomprehenaible, abstruse, rec-
assurance, ease, calmneas, peace of
ondite, obaeure
mind, oomposure, equanimity ; truat,
*I»U» fumäfa tomato confidenoe
ü±
,>*U tifmin appeasement, molüfication, <$j^ fanbüäa pl. -<K paddle box (of a paddle
ealuiing, assuaging, soothing s teamer)

^ylLi* mutafämin low 1*»iU fanja 2 Tangier

(j*U and ^^J») ü* famä u (jJ» /umüu>), ^^J» j*^» fanji from Tangier; native of
tarnä i (fawiy) to flow over Tangier, Tangerine

*l
Lf
famy (eg.,ayr.) alluvial mud, eilt, •jf+^ tanjara pl. j*-UU fanäjir* (copper) cas-
alluvium serole, sauoepan, skillet

l
J» funn pl. übl»l o/nön ton | J*»— * jl» (wu* liid» tajtfd Tanta (city in N Egypt)
aajjal) register ton
jki» fanfana to ring, sound, peal, jingle,

•J» /anno * (,>J» fanin) to ring, sound, peal, tinkle (bell); to hum, buzz, drone
jingle, tinkle (bell); to hum, buzz, drone (insect); to clang, boom, roar, rnmble;
{insect); to ring (ears) II = I to blare out (<-> s.th.)

^J» fanin ring(ing), peal» jingle, tinkle, iÜ fajtfana ring(ing), peal, jingle,
tinkling (of a bell); buzz(ing), hum(ming), tinkle, tinkling (of a bell); hum(ming),
drone (of an insect); ringing (of tho buzz(ing), drone (of an insect); clangor,
ears) boom, roar
<jLi» fannän ringing, sounding, peal- .JtJ» punuf (tanaf,tunf) pl. ü^funüf, J»UU
ing, jingling, tinkling; resounding, re-
afnäf top, summit, peak (of a mountain);
verberating, eohoing; humming, buzzing,
ledge, molding, eaves
droning; whistle, buzzer (of a kettle);
famous, renowned, celebrated 1—Ü» finfisa, fanfaaa, funfusa pl. ^jJI^* fanäfia*

velvet-like carpet, mockado carpet

i_^L II to remain, abide, stay to live, Bettle

down (ij in, at a place) IV to be ex- *1* a group of letters opening the 20th sura;
ceasive (j in), overdo, exaggerate (J Tähä a Muslim masculine proper name
s.th.); to brag
j4$* fahara, fahura u (/«Ar, »jW^ fahäTa) to
<_«^ funub pl. (_jLU afndb tent rope; be clean, pure; — taharat, fahurat (of
sinew, tendon |
ohl»l xi (Sadda) to stay, a woman) to be clean (as opposed to
sojoum, reside; J» <jLU1 ^j^# to settle menstruating) II to clean, cleanse, de-
down, take up permanent residence in terge, expurgate, purge, purify, chasten
a place; J oUU u^# to take root, prevail (a, • s.o., s.th.); to disinfect, aterilize
(at a place) dredge {* a canal); to
{* s.th.); to e.g.,

w»LU »fnäft exaggeration; fussiness, circumcise (• s.o.) in to circumcise

eircumatantiality, prolixity, lengthiness, (• s.o.) V to clean o.s., cleanse o.b.,

verbosity perform an ablution

3 j4$* fuhr cleannesa, purity; chastity

jj^> fujibür pl. julit fanöftir a long-necked,
stringed instrumeot resembling the man- jyt* tahür circumcision; cleansing,

dolin; a device used to raise water for purging, detergent; clean, pure

irrigation, Ärchimedean screw; drum,

<j I4L fahära cleannes3 t cleanliness,
oylinder (techn.)
purity; cultic purity (lal. Law); chastity;

tSjjt^* funbüri player of the jj^* hoüneas, aanctity, BaintlinesB; ciroum-

 eisten |
JjöJl »jl^i» f. a4-4ail innooenoa; V> II to beatify (. s.o.; Chr.)
probity, upright neas, integrity, honesty
Jjl» fübä bleaaedness, beatitude; Be-
j+U* mafhar purgatory (Chr.) atituda (title of honor of a patriarch;
Chr.)
*j^** mafhara pl. ylL. mofiJAir 1
wash-
xroom, lavatory, toilet Tljl*> tafwib beatification (Chr.)

j^Lj <a/Air cleaning, cleansing, purging, V> füb (coli.; n. un. I) brick(a) |
^1 v>
expurgation, purifioation; disinfection (ahmar) baked briok(a); fjlu .^L (mu-
purgation, use of aperienta; dredging; farra§) hollow tile(a), air brick(a); J ^jL
circumciaion (nayy) unburned, sun-dried brick(s)

jj^j tafAlrf cleaning, oleanaing, de- »-*l^t fawuüb brick burner, brick-
tergent maker, tilemaker

^*LU jeSAtr pl.jL#U ofAör clean, pure; ^rfjl föbji, (eg.) fobgl -lya
pl. artUlerist,
choste, modest, virtuous | 5-ÖJl ylV f. artilleryman
a4-4imma upright, righteous, honest;
i-jfjL föbjlya artillery
Jj-Ül j*LV /. ad-4ail innooent, pure,
unblemished, blameless, upright, right- *jJ* füba the fifth month of the Coptio
eous, honest oalendar

j+U* mufahhir pl. -ät a detergent (esp. r^* täha u (fauA) to perish, die; to
(r^J*)
antiseptio); an antiseptic, a disinfectant lose one'a way, go aatray, stray, wander
about; to fall; to throw, cast, fling, hurl,
jlJU* mutahhar pure, immaculate
toss, carry away, sweep away (^» s.o.,
ü'^^i fiArän 1 Teheran (capital of Iran) s.th.) II to oause to or let periah (• or
<-> s.o.); to endanger, expose to perü {*
J4I» V to despise, deteat, abhor, Ioathe
or .-» s.o.); to throw away, toss away,
(,>- i.th.)
hurl away (.-» a.th.); to throw, cast, hurl,

*^k* mufahham of perfeot beauty (esp. os toss, fling (Jl ^ s.o. into); to carry

an epithet of noble horses) away, transport (Jl ^ s.o. to, into); to

move, induoe, tempt (• b.o., Jl to a.th.,
(j^ß and iS^ß)
I4L faÄd u and ^«Lj ya#Ad to do s.th.) ^IjUI *. c-~> fate dealt
|

(^L faAu>, ^4!» fuAiy, faAy, iilfr /»Aäya) him severe blows IV to drop, discard
to 000k (* s.th.); to stew (* B.th.); to (*, • s.o., a.th.), shed (* a.th.); to let
braise (* a.th.); to broil, fry (* a.th.); to s.th. (<->) be swept away; to carry away,
bake (* s.th.) tear away, rip away (.-< s.th.); to chop

^j^0 fukan cooked diah, cooked meal off (a s.th., esp. the head) V to fall, drop,
be thrown, be tossed; to atray, wander
*jl+i» fihäya oook's trade
about; to sway, reet, atagger

lj^** mafhan kitchen rljU tawd'ih 2 adveraities, blows of

»LI» fähin pl. »l+i» fuhäh cook fate

**-jlu mufawwiha pl. -ät adventure

^IjL fawdA pl. 3~-J_jI» tawäüya eunuch
*jL VII to rise in the air, soar up
ÄiljL fatinvdya frying pan
jjL faud pl. jtjLl afwäd (high, tower-
^U» fdba look up alphabetically ing) mountain
 ;; ;

>> 572

jlk* munjdd pl. xLtu mandßd1 balloon, ^jL n to adorn, decorate, deok out (*, •

blimp; zeppelin, dirigible j a-i. :>U*u s.o., s.th.)

(mu$ayyad) oaptive balloon, kite balloon ^It fd* pl. -dt round, shallow drink-
O £~*tf J'j* J^* (hawä'l) barrage balloon
ing oup made of metal, drinking vessel
finget bowl
j_>L II to develop, further,
1
advance, pro-
mote {* s.th.) V to develop, evolve; to <-lL fäaa pl. -dt round, shallow drink-
ohange; to race (motor) ing oup made of metal, drinking vessel |

jj^ $aur pl. jljM afwdr one time (= Fr. s+»d\ Ö-IL frying pan; O f^L^di *-lL /.

foia) ; Btate, oondition ; limit, bound al-tafädum buffer (railroad)

atage, degree; phase (also phys., esp. d.) j ^jjll» fduriZ« pl. ,j-ij^ fawäwU? pea-
j^U xu ij^U time and again, again and oook
again; lj^ — Ij^L or \jjl* — L-** some-
^jL* mt^aunwu ornate, ostentatious*
times — sometimes, at times — at
ly made-up
times; *jj» je- rj*- to lose one's seif-

oontrol, beoome upset; »j^U j* *rj*-' ^JjL II to oastrate, emaaculate {» s.o.)

(afcrajohü) to upset, disoompoae, dis-

^IjL jaudA pl. ^£{jl» jawäHya
conoert s.o.; jj^H <-rij* of oddbehavior,
eunuoh
eooentric

j^L afw&r mountain

(fjU) fit Jd*a u (/au') to obey (J or » s.o.),
fflr pl. jljLI |jj*
be obedient (J or * to s.o.) II to render
#Ua^ f. «fnd* and Ua- jjL f. «fnd Mount
obedient, bring into subjeotion, subdue,
Sinai
eubjeot, subjugate (• s.o.) |
*J i^jjL
jj> fflrf wüd *-ij (na/*uAfl) (lit.: bis soul permitted
jl^U fawdr aide walk him, made it easy or feaaible for bim,
JljjL fürflnl wild; Turanian i.e.) he allowed himaelf to do s.th. (*),

he had no qualms about doing s.th.

jjiJ tafawumr pl. -dt development;
(*), he did not hesitate to do s.th. (*)
evolution; pl. -dt stages of development,
III to oomply with or aooede to s.o.'s
evolutionary phases, developments J
JjU
(•) wishea (J* or J in, with regard to),
j jlcll developable, capable of development
yield, aubmit, be obedient (• to s.o.,
or evolution
J» or j in), obey (• s.o., J» or j in); to
jjjUJ tafawwuri evolutional, evolu- be at s.o.'s (») oommand (of a faculty,
tionary | *ijJ^ <tj* {naqariya) thoory skill, etc.); to consent, assent ( j to s.th.)
of evolution, evolutionism IT to obey, follow s.o., s.th.), be
(*,

obedient, submit, yield (*, • to s.o., to

'jlt fär {= jlUI #dr), IjlU fdra hoop, ring;
tire; frame; wheel; tambourine s.th.), oomply (*, • with s.o.'s wishes,

with B.th.), aooede (*, to s.o.'s wishea,

"jlUl t^dr aee >l to s.th.) T to do voluntarily (J or u or

*ij j_»i» fürfya look up alphabetically

* s.th.), volunteer (J or y or * for, in,
to do s.th.); to enlist, volunteer (mil.) \

LjjjL furbtf pl. -dt, i-ji^ fardfrk*1 torpedo f jW (Jpairan) to perform a good
\j-f-

deed voluntarily TU to obey, follow

ijjl» /flrfya (ep.) pl. D jj'ji» Jawdrf hoe,
obedient, submit,
(J s.o., s.th.), be
mattock
yield, aooede (J to), oomply (j with)

jjj> (Turk. torfwi) gaiter(s), legging(s) X to be able (* to do s.th.), be in a

 *

«73 -i>

Position to do, to get, to carry out, or £»U» fä'i' obedient, compliant, sub-
to take upon o.a. (* s.th.), be capable missive |
Ujß* j\ Uli» willingly or un-
(* of s.th., öl of doing s.th.) willingly, whether I (you, eto.) will it or

not
9J0 fau* obedience ; voluntariness,
spontaneity (in connection with a legally fjL* mufawwa' pl. -ün holder of the
relevant action, esp. a deliot; Ist. Law); diploma iasued by the Great Mosque of
ffor m. and f.) obedient, compliant, aub- Turds; — mutfawwi* volunteer (also
missive; UjL fauan voluntarily, of one's mil.); unsalaried trainee

own free will, of one's own aocord |

U_jL
f-jlL* mufäwi' obedient, compliant,
U^S jl (karhan) willingly or unwillingly,
submissive; yielding, pliable, pliant;
wüly-nilly, whether I (you, eto.) will it
f-jUtil the reflexive, frequently = the
or not; üLjJI
9J, tractable, docile,
passive {gram.) |
£jlW. jj-u. mild Bteel
amenable; «Oj pjL fau'a yadiki under
a.o.'sthumb, at s.o. 's beok and call; *-k* mufi" obedient, compliant

LjJjI9J0 jh (fau'a aidinä) he is at our £jLr* mutafawun' pl. I volunteer (also

beck and call, he is in our power; 9 J*
mtl.); unsalaried trainee
t\j*\ fau'a amrika at your disposal
£Ü»i-* mustafä' possible, feasible |
"L*jL fau'iyan voluntarily, of one's
f-LUz—il jJi qadra l-m. as far as possible,
own free will, of one's own accord
as far as it is feasible; (joj
J*)
jJi
£»L fayyi' obedient, compliant, sub- ^IkUll do.
missive
(ü^) «JiU» \ä\a u (fauf, JiI^U tawäf, jUjU
5*Ur \Sa obedience, compliance, sub-
tawajän) to go about, walk about, ride
missiveness; (pl. -ät) pious deed [Isl.
about, travel about, move about, rove
Law) «IUI c*u bait af-f. the husband's
)
about, wander about, run around (
house to which a woman, in oase of
in s.th.), tour (a s.th.); to go, walk,
unlawful desertion, must return (Isl.
ride, run (Jj*-, <-> around s.th.), ciroum-
Law); 4*\U\j fc*_JI as-sam'u wa-t-fä'atu
{ ambulate (J>~, make the *_* s.th.); to
I hear and obey! at your Service! very rounds, walk around (Je among people);
well! itLUj Lr* sam'an wa-\£atan do. to circle, circuit, compass (Jj*-, t_*s.th.);
to roam, rove, ränge
5-*ljL fawä'iya obedience j
3-eljt
^ around, guide
(t_* s.th.); to show
voluntarily, of one's own free will, of (^ s.o.); to familiarize

one's own accord o.s., acquaint o.b. (^ with); to become

acquainted (*_* with b.o., with s.th.),
£JjL. mifwä' obedient, compliant
come to know (._» s.o., s.th.); — tfou/)
£t_jU tafwi' diploma of the Great to appear to s.o. (<_*) in his sleep; to
Mosque of Tunis come (Je upon s.o.), afflict s.o.); to
(J*
Uli»! ifffa obedience overflow, leave its banks (river); to
Bwim, float, drift II to go about, walk
£jU tafawwu' voluntariness ; volun-
about, stroll about, ride about, travel
teering; voluntary Service (
j in a branch
about (j in), tour (j B.th.); to go or
of the armed forces); Service as an
walk around s.th. (l_j), circle, circum-
unsalaried trainee, voluntary traineeship
ambulate {*_* s.th.); to show around,
UlUi^l istiß'a ability, capability, fac- guide (*_* or • s.o.); to let s.th.) roam
(*_*

nJty; powibility (* s.th.), let (o> B.th.) make the rounds

 574

(<^>in), let one's eyes (^) wander; to üllt fä'ifa pl. iJJljU fawä'if* part,

perform the circumambulation of the portion; number; troop, band, group;

Kaaba (tatcäf) IV to Surround, en- flwarm, drove, bevy, covey; people;
compass, encirclo, circumscribe (i_j s.th.) class ; sect, denomination ; confession

V to move about, rove, roam, wander, communion; party, faction; religious mi-

walk about nority j O «—L—1II «JIUI (ifrdUlya) the

impressionists; iJJljUI iljU princelings,
J*J* \au\ round, circuit, beat; low
petty kings
wall, enclosure; (pl. iJljW' a^wäf) patrol;

raft made of inflated waterskins tied JjI^ fä't/i factional, eectarian, de-

together nominational, confessional

öl^W \awä\ round, circuit, beat; lJu\^ faiftya sectarianism, denomi-

round trip, round-trip excursion; round- nationaliam; confessionalism
trip flight; circumambulation of the
JtjL* mufaunvif pl. -ün pügrima' guido
Kaaba (as part of the Islamic pilgrimago
in Mecca
ceremonies)

Ji jL I fawwäf amb ulant, itinerant, (J>W) J^ \6qa u (fauq) to be able, be in a

migrant, roving, wandering; going the position (* to do s.th.), be capable {*

round b, making the circuit, Walking the of, of doing s.th.); to be able to bear or

beat; (pl. •) mounted rural mail caxrier stand (* s.th.), bear, stand, sustain,

(Eg.) |
«IjUI oli^ makaUät af-f- (Eg.) endure (* s.th.) II to put a collar or
circuit stations which have the mail necklace föj* fauqan) around s.o. 's

delivered by mounted rural mail carriera (•) neck; to hoop (* s.th., e.g., a barrel);
to Surround, clasp, enwrap, ring, en-
oljU fawwäfa pl. -ät patrol boat,
compass (l-j >, » s.o., s.th. with), en-
coastal patrol vessel (employed by the
circle (*, • s.o., s.th.), form or throw a
Egyptian Coast Guard)
circle or cordon (a, » around s.o.,

jlfjU füfän flood, inundation, deluge around s.th.), enclose (* s.th .) ; to

play (* about, e.g., a smile about the
JiUu mafäf riding about, traveling,
Ups), flit (a across s.th.) v'j-M **y*
touring; round trip |
öLLil *j (^^j') J*
|

{bi-dirä'axhi) to take s.o. in one's arms,

Jl to end with, wind up with, arrive
embrace, hug, clasp s.o.; <~> *ii* jjl»
eventually at; JilLil ü'U- the end of the
('unuqahü) to present s.o. with, bestow
matter, the final issue, the upshot of it
upon s.o. s.th. IV = I
(J*, m s.th., to
jljLj tafwäf traveling, touring, wander- do s.th., of s.th. or of doing s.th.); to
ing, itineration, roving life master (* a method) | \j^ jLj J lam

iJul^ pä'if ambulant, itinerant, migrant, yufiq pabran he could not ßtand or bear

roving, wandering; one going the rounda it, he could not control himself; »^
or making the circuit or Walking the jlL> V {yu\äqu) s.th. unbearable, s.th.

JU» intolerahle
beat ; one performing the fawäf | «j

iJJlt he had a audden im pulse or urge;

J^ fauq ability, faculty, power,
^Lil j-üJl j* »Juli» *_l* Jilt (gadar)
strengt h, potency, capability, aptitude,
tragedy befell him, he met with a harsh
capacity; endurance; — (pl. j'^l
fate
afwäq) necklace; neckband, ruff, collar;
JulUI aj-tä'if Taif (town in S Hejaz) hoop, circle | #U*J 3j* (najäh) life
 ; ;

J>
buoy; «SjL j* öji-\ *~j*-\ (afcrajahü elongate, stretch out, prolong, extend,
l-huznu) grief drove him out of hia protract (* s.th.); to be very elaborate,
mind very detailed, very exhaustive, long-
winded, prolix; to grant a delay or
jjl» jau^t collar-like, loop-shaped,
ring-shaped, annular
respite (J to s.o.) |
«J* JIj J> {bäiahü)
to be patient with III to keep putting
jLi, ^ pi. -5^ OLLI* figdn arch (arcA.);
off (j » s.o. in or with s.th.); to vie for
(pl. -ät) Stratum, layer power, greatness or stature, contend,
liil (dqa pl. ~ät window compete (» with s.o.), rival, emulate
( • s.o.) IV to make long or longer,
i»U» fd^a pl. -<Sf ability, faculty,
lengthen, elongate, stretch out, extend,
capability, aptitude, capacity, power,
prolong, protract, draw out (* or ,y
strength, potency; energy {phya., etc.);
s.th.); to take too long, find no end
capacity (of a tecbnical apparatus) |

*J* JU»I to keep s.o. waiting a long

bunch, bouquet (of flowers) |
UUJI j time; *j'LJ Jlil (Iwänahü) to speak in
(with foll. ma^stfor) it ia possible to . . .;
a forward manner, be pert, aauoy,
üLUl joi garfra /•/. as far as possible, in
insolent in apeech; «Jl ^kJI Jlil (ruufara)
the best way possible; *Jli jii J*
he kept staring at him; u»j*jJl JLUl he
according to bis capability; !^-u *JU»
stayed a long time VI to become long,
(mtMWafcara) accumulated energy; po-
be lengthened, be extended, be prolonged
tential (pAya.); «ijjJI "^ (darriyo)
to stretch up, stretch o.s.; to stretch
atomic energy, atomic power; i»li»
(Jl for), crane one's neck (Jl at); to
*-»-ls»l (tnWj'Iya) productive power, pro-
attack (J* s.o.); to become insolent,
ductional capacity, output capacity
get freah (J» with s.o.); to be insolent
S-jU» look up atphabetically enough, have the cheek (J to do s.th.);
to dare do s.th. (<_j), presume (^ s.th.),
Ji^j ta/ui? pl. -dt encirclement, en-
pretend (<-j to B.th.); to arrogate to o.s.
compassment, enclosure, surrounding,
ringing (Jl a rank) j «-{/, JjUJ (W-ra'«Ai) to
bear one's head high (with pride) X to be
*»IU ifäqa ability, faculty, aptitude,
or become long; to be or become over-
power, capability, capacity
bearing, presumptuous, display an ar-

JjL, mufawwag ringdove rogant behavior J» toward)

(

JLL* mu(dq bearable, endurable, toler- tili- tälamä and UUJ la-fälamä how
able often often, frequently (with
! foll. verbal
clause) |
ul tili (anna) while, as, the
jSJ, fßkiyß Tokyo
more so aa
'(JA) ^ t ä^ u (fül) to be or become long;
Jjl» faul might, power |
JJJ «_j-L*
to last long; to lengthen, grow longer,
J_A"j {9. al-haul) the Almighty
extend, be protracted, become drawn
out; to surpass, excel J» or »s.o.) | Jli» J^l» fül pl. JIJ^I afivöl length; size,
(

ii*" Crß *i («<"non«) it took a long time height, tallness |

Ȇ^l J^U f. al-andh
before he . . .; lä* o J^± this will long-suffering, longanimity, forbearance,
(would) take me too long; ^-a» jl uUjJt Jli» patience; ^UJl JJ* f. an-wufar far-
(ramdnu, qapura) sooner or later, before sightedness, hyperopia; J^JJl .L^ &a#
long II to make long or longer, lengthen, af-f. geographica! longitude, degree of
J> 576

longitude, meridian; JjUL and V>1» iJW ifäla lengthening, elongation,

lengthwiae, longitudinally ; J^U JÜJ« stretohing, extension, Prolongation, pro-

(prep.) during, throughout, . . . long, o.g., traction; elaborateneaa, exhauBtivenesa,

•.dl *i» J^l» (mtu&ia) during this prolixity, long-windedness

period, during all this time, jl+Jl J^l»

«JLk^i istifäla overbearing attitude,
(noAdr) all day (long); L. J^L u long u; haughtineas, preaumptuouaneas, arro-
J^U J* (with fall, genit.) along, along-
gance
aide of; J> J» (ey.) ftraight ahead;
J>lt pTü long; huge, immense, ample,
Btraightway, directly; at last, finally,
enormous (of funds); use, avail; might,
after all; 1+*>>j J^UI J> J (uw-'artf*Ad)
power, foroe J~J\
*) J>*lt /. op-saufe
througbout the oountry, all over the j

mighty, powerful, forceful; J3U» Oji

oountry; *fJ>U j lil (ep.) hare maroy on
me!
and (v) «^ J>lt V (fä'Üa) of no use, of

no avail, useless, unavailing, futile; jli U

J^U ffltt of length, linear, longitudinal acoomplish nothing, be un-
to
W
|
J>ILj
djL> (£»#) geographioal longitude,
suocesaful, fail
degree of longitude, meridian
ÜJU» f&'ila might, power, force; ven-
J^ fuwuoZ a long-legged waterfowl
geanoe, revenge, retribution, retaliation |

Jl^L patoäla, {itväia (prep.) during, j^lill *L'U* c*J- -jj to be Bubject to

throughout; along, alongaide of punishment by law; O^il lULU £*£ (f.

ü-maui) under penalty of death

j.> fauäl pl. JljU /tuxU long; large,

big, tall; high; JijWI name of a poeti- Jjk* mu^auwoZ elaborate, detailed,

oal meter; fawtian long (adv.), exhaustive, ciroumstantial

~&ij^
a long time |
J»-Vl J>jl* / oi-a7'oi long- Jjlku mutafdu»/ long-extended, long-
term, long-dated; ;UVl Ji^l» f. al-anäh stretohed, long-protacted, prolonged,
long-fluffering forbearing, patient; Jj^L lengthy
f-Ul mighty, powerful; capable, efflcient;
J.U- • muttafll long, oblong, elon-
generous, liberal, openhanded; ^jj\ Ji^t
gate(d), long-stretohed ;
protracted, pro-
f.
ar-HZA long-auffering, forbearing, pa-
longed, long drawn out; a rectangle, an
tient; *.UII J;^ tall; üUli Ji> insolent,
oblong; a sauoy, presumptuous person
impertinent, pert, sauoy

JI^U fuuxtt long

*if jli» look up alphabetically

iJl> futoOa pl. -Ä Btable CjSOjU Tulkarm (town in NW Jordan)

iLi» f{2ata (prep.) during, througbout,
jL^l» fümär pl. j*[^ fawämir* roll, scroll
. . . long

JVjt füläni measured lengthwise,

ü^Ui ^ noÄr af-füna the Danube rirer

longitudinal iUV>> (It. tonneltaia) fonoUita ton

J^U atwaP, f. J> /lud longer, larger,

j^U faiM »
(,J»
/ayy) to fold, fold up, fold
bigger, taller; extremely tall, very long over, fold under, roll up (*
in, fold

JijU tofwll lengthening, elongation, a.th.); to shut, alose (* a book); to

Btretching, extension, Prolongation, pro- keep seoret, seorete, conoeal, hide (*

traction; elaborateneas, exhaustiveneas, s.th.); to harbor, hold, oontain (* a.th.);

prolixity, long-windedneas to Bwallow up, envelop, wrap up, enwrap

 ^J.

(• s.o.; of the dark of night); to Bettle li*

J* (fayya) herein enclosed, horewith
flnally, bury (* the past), have done (in a letter) ; i»_—Jl
J* j (f. il-gaib) seoretly,
with the past {*); to oross, covertly; ül^Jl
s.th. in
Jß (j) c** (f. ü-kitmdn)
traverse (* s.th., esp. a oountry); to under the seal of Becrecy; »1^1 j (with
cover quiokJy (* the way, the distance, foll. genit.) in

J( to); to spend, pass {* a period of

i-U fayya pl. -ät fold, pleat |
*jLU ju Jj-
time); to possess o.s., take poasesBion
to involve, comprise, contain
(* of), appropriate {* s.th.); pass. &J*
*-L fiya intention, design {«—*i) ^ä*
J* fuwiya 'alä {= to be folded around |

or over, i.e.) to bear (within itself),

cJJ he went to his destination; he left

harbor, contain, involve s.th. ^ji I

in order to do what he had in mind; he
| tf_ji»

LL (l-arfa fayyan) to rush through a went his way

country; «ULj t$_>U (büdfahü) to be tSjiß fawan hunger; mat j^UI J* |

finished, be done, oome to an end, on an empty stomaoh, without having

flnish; *-* Le ULJl j_>U to Bettle an eaten
anair once and for all, wind up an
ö^l» fawiya pl. Ij^ fawäyä fold,
affair;
J* **\yr tSJ* (jawänihahü) to pleat; innermost thoughts, real convio-
harbor s.th., oonceal s.th. in one's
tion, true mind; intention, design; con-
heart; > (U»ifj *j~jf ^> (ka&hahü,
science |
ü^UI -L* guileless, artleas; j
kaShan) and J* »jJl* 4J0 (sadrahü) to
[j)j^ (with foll. genit.) inside, within, in,
harbor or look (a Beeret) in one's boaom,
amid
keep fl.th, secret, secrete, oonceal, hide

B.th.; <J*Ju0jj!* (safhatahü) to have done öljl» fawwäya pl. -äi frying pan

with s.th., be through with s.th., give

i$J±* mafwan pl. jlL« mafäwin pookei
up, abandon B.th.; Jl Ji_/Ul <£ji» to knife, penknife; pl. folds, pleats |
jjlL- j
hurry or rush to; J»—Jl ^ ^lil tfj» (with foll. genit.) inside, within, in,

v^j&JI {1-Tnä4%ya fayya s-njiüi) to break amid; *jj^* j inwardly, at heart, in his
with the paflt, let bygones be bygones; — bosom
j^ fawiya a (x$J» fawan) to be hungry,
*I_jL* mifwäh pocket knife, penknife
suffer hunger, starre IT = fawiya
V to coU (anake) VII to be folded, be AjLJ\ infiwa" Introversion (psych.) |

folded up, in, over, or under, be rolled i/

Jd\ > »l>iVi (nafa) do.

up, be turned (over) (page, leaf), be jljLSl infiwä'i introverted (psych.)

shut (book, etc.) ; to go by, pass, elapse
j\l fäwin starved jLJl ^jU» f. l-bafn
(time); to disappear, vanish; to be |

starved, lean, emaciated

covered (distance) ; to be hidden, be
oonoealed ( ii*^ under), be enveloped, i$J±* maftoiy folded up, infolded, rolled

be wrapped (c** in) ; to contain, oomprise, up, etc.; J* tfj** bearing (within itself),

encompass, comprehend, embrace, in- harboring, containing, involving B.th. |

J» B.th.) to harbor, nurse, J* £>LiJl isjim* harboring s.th. in one's

volve, include (
;

bear (* feelings, esp. hatred, love) j^UJl bosom

j

*-Ü J* to withdraw within o. b., be j!kL* munfawin: *-ÄJ J* ^Lu self-ab-

self-oentered, be introverted sorbed, low-spirited, depreased

^U fayy concealment, hiding; (pl. l

(^) ^IL /äfca » (fib, i_U /{6a) to be good,
•l_ji»l o/wd') fold, pleat |
<X fayyahü and pleasant, agreeable; to be or beoome
 ;
,

cJ* 578

delightful, delicious; to please (J s.o.), i-U fiba goodness ; good nature,

be to b.o.'b (J) Uking; to be or become geniality |

^U- i-1» je gladly, most
ripe, to ripen,; to regain health, recover, willingly, with pleasure

recuperate, oonvalesce |
£dJ ^jLL-
tjji» fübä bleesedness, beatitude; Beat-
(laiialxikum) may your night be pleasant I itude (title of honor of a patriarch ; Chr.)
good night t *-ü C-jLU (na/«uAfi) he was
<^LL fayäb, fiyäb (eg.) north wind
gay, cheerful, cheery, in good spirits,
he feit happy; je —Ü
1 «->U» (na/aan) to <_jLL fayyäb pl. -ün masseur

give up B.th. gladly, renounce ß.th. ^J,\ atyob» better; — pl. ^Jl\ atäyib*
willingly; *Jl *-i £~>IL (na/tfuAü) he had the best parts (of s.th.); pleasures,
a Uking for it, it was to his taste II to comforta, ameoities; delicacies, dainties
make {* B.th.) good, pleasant, agreeable,
wjIL* mafäyib* comforta, amenities
delightful, delioloua, or aweet, to sweeten
(e.g., of life)
{* s.th.); to soent, perfume (*, • s.o.»
ijjLL* mufdyaba pl. -ät banter, joke,
B.th.); to spiee, season (* food), mull
jest, teasing remark
{* wine); to sanitate, improve (* air,
drinking water); to heal, eure {« s.o.); wJlL fSib unobjectionable (J for; Ial.

to massage {• s.o.) | *^U >_-i' to mollify, Law)

soothe, placate, conciliate s.o., set s.o.'s
i_~k* mufayyab bouquet, bunch (of
mind at rest; *\J *n\ <_J» (tarähu)
flowers)
may God make his earth light (a eulogy
added after mentioning the name of a S-l» ftba* Thebes

pious deceased) III to joke, jest, banter,

(j*J»} rLU röha i (faih) to perish, die II to
make fun (• with s.o.) IV to make (*
lose (* s.th.)
s.th.) good, pleasant, agreeable, delight-
ful, deücious, or eweet, to sweeten (* (jb) jlL tära i (ül^ fayarän) to fly; to
s.th.) V to perfume oj. X «_>lLi-l and fly away, fly off, t&ke to the wing; to
_.,J*:^1 istatyaba to find or deem (AS.th.) hasten, hurry, rush, fly (Jl to); to be

good, pleasant, agreeable, delightful in a State of commotion, be jubilant,

delicious, sweet; to Iike (* s.th.), be exult, rejoiee; <_j jIL to snatch away,

fond (* of) carry away, carry off (s.o., s.th.) | «J Lic jlL

Jl (bi-^ayäliki) to let one's Imagination

^J» fib goodness; (pl. v^ t u V^>)
wander to; ^-Ul J c~±+ «J jLU (si/) his
scent, perfume |
J^Jl ._-!» /. al-'irq
fame spread among people, he became
noble birth, noble descent; <-~UI jj~-
well-known; »j-'li» jLU (fairuhü) to become
jauz af~f. nutmeg
angry, blow one's top; <JUU jLU fofJuAü)
«__L fayyib good; pleasant, agreeable;
to lose one's mind, go crazy; •ilji jlL
delicious ; gay ; well-diaposed, friendly,
Ll*i (*»-jj) (/«'(WuAfl, rüAuAfl Ja*ä an) his
r

kindly; well, in good health jU^I ._—1*

|
mind became confused, he became all
al-häq good-natured, genial; **\J\ ..—U
/.
mixed up; Uy jlL (farahan) to be beeide
sweet-smelling, fragrant, sweet-scented
o.s. with joy, be overjoyed; *Jj jli»
J/Jl i_^ /. aX-'irq highborn, of noble
(W-/uMȀi) to drive s.o. out of his
descent ; ^-iJl <_J» /. an-nafs gay, oheer-
mind; «j'_*-*> jlt (bi-fawäbihi) to make
ful, cheery, in high spirits
s.o. unconscious II to make or let fly
oL_L tayytbät nice, pleasant things; (*, • s.o., s.th.), to fly, send up (* s.th.,

gustatory delights, pleasures of the table e.g., a balloon, a kite) ; to pass on

 67»
J±
promptly, dispatch posthaste, forward ü'jJ» fayarän flying, flight; aviation,
witbout delay, rush, ehoot (Jl * s.th. aeronautics j ü'ji^ ül^ni»(6oAiaiw3m"J Btunt
to, eap. a report, a message); to knock flying; ^\^ o\jJ* (&rd"i) glider flying,
out (* s.th., e.g., an eye, & tooth) |
jj» gliding; üljJJI i-^U- airlines; utjJJl ^^U
<-\j (ra'sahü) to obop off s.o.'s head, air force; öl jJJI j jj minister of aviation
behead b.o. IV to make or let fly (#, •
jlL. ma/är pl. -äi airfield, airport
s.o., s.th.), to fly {* B.th.); to blow away |

(* s.th.; of the wind); to make {* s.tb.)

O f
Lp jU«- aircraft carrier

disappear at once, dispel (* s.th.) V to •jlL> ma\ära. airfield, airport

see an evil omen (j* or u in) VI to

j*L- moflr airfield, airport
be scattered, be dispersed, scatter,

disperse, Bpread, diffuse; to be exuded, jJJ tafayyur pessimism

rise (fragrance); to fly apart, fly about, y*U» fö'«r flying; flyer, aviator, pilot;
fly in all directions (esp. sparks); to (pl. -ät, jj» fair) bird; omen, presage |

vanish, disappear, be dispelled X to j-'IUI ö^C graveneas, sedateness; J\U\ J*

make fly, cause to fly (* B.th.); to knock ö^*JJ (maimün) good luckl Godspeedl
(* s.th.) out of s.o.'b hond; to alarm (said to s.o. setting out on a journey);
or upset seriously (»s.o.), agitate, excite »yii» j\]ß (fffiruhü) to become angry, blow
(*, • b.o., s.th.); = VI; pass. jvlc*-l ustu* one's top
fira tobe terrified | *U* jvWl-I ('aqluhü) to
Ij-'U» faira pl. -ät airplane, aircraft
go out of one's mind (with astoniahment |

Jj-'IU! JL, J* (matni (•(.) aboard the air-

or fright)
plane; by (air)plane (e.g., traveling);
j-if fair (coli, and n. un.) pl. j^J» fuyür, lij* ijfU» (bahriya) seaplane; O üyU
jU»l afyär birds, bird; augury, omen; iijji (dauriya) (short-range) rcconnais-
j^J» poultry; fowl |
i-jU- j^J» predatory sance plane, Observation plane «-*lj^ ; * y'U*
birds, birds of prey; j^UI i» *ilm af-f. (Ärö'iya) Baupläne, glider; fejlLlI lj\l
ornithology; j*L!l j^-jjj J* o\f (ka'an- f. al-mufärada fighter, pursuit plane,
na, /at'ra) motionless or silent with awe interceptor; <ji>^ iy'U» ('amüdxya) heli-

•jJ» /atm commotion, agitation (of copter; JLÜl i^'U» üght bomber, combat
anger, wrath); flight; female bird plane; ÜJliil »j-'ü /. al-muqätala do.;
o,>Ui;vi ;;it or o v->uai s,U
•jj» fira, fiyara evil omen, portent,
dive bomber; *Jl> lj\± seaplane; »j-'U»
foreboding
ÜLu (nqtfafa) jet plane; JUI Ij-'U» /. on-
jLL fayyär flying; evanescent, fleeting; naj/ transport (plane); Q olj-'WI <1*U-
volatile (liquid); floating, wafting, hover- and O oljTlUI «Uli aircraft carrier
ing; (pl. -ün) flyer, aviator, pilot ^_nj |
.^Ll* mutafayyir pessimist
•jLL volatile oils; Jjl jLL (awwal) a
military rank, approx.: first lieutenant mustafir imminent, impending,

of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); oU jU» threatening (of disaster); scattered, diB-

(tänin) approx.: second lieutenant of the persed; spread out, spread all over,

Air Force (Eg. 1939) scattered about; widespread; pessimist

•_)U» tayyära pl. -ät aviatrix, womftn (lt^*) ts^* fä&* * (/aW, oltA* tayaiän) to be
pilot; airplane, aircraft; kite (toy) IjLU inconstant, changeable, fickle,
| light-
V^iJ (riyätfiya) sport plane; Uli* JjLL headed, thoughtless, heedless, frivoloua,
(qagtßfa) bomber; iJ\+ IjLt seaplane reckleas, undecided, confused, helpless,
 ;

J± 580

aimless, desultory; to miss the mark (of uJuk fai/ pl. JiLUI o/yd/f JijgU /uyfl/
an arrow, also ,y>)l ,}*); to stray (je- fantasy, phantasm; vision, apparition;
from the target), miss (^* a Bpot, o.g., phantom, specter, ghost speotrum {phys.} ;

said of the hand) | 4*4- ^^ («AmuAü)

JJ» taifl speotral, speotrosoopio
to be on the wrong traok, bark np the
<JiLU* mifydf spectrosoope <J»Uw
wrang tree, be unsuoeeBsful, fail; ,^11»
|

j_>-»- (muiawtot'r) speotrograph

*i\j** (eaw&buhü) to lose one's head

^i^L faü inoonstaney, fioklenesa; reok- <LL see Jjt

lessnesa, heedlessness, rashneas; thought-
Ol—LU failas&n pl. 3-JLW fayälisa a shawl-like
lessness; lightheadedness, levity, frivolity
garment worn over head and Shoulders
0li±l fayakln inoonstaney, fickleness;
rashness; i>U II to daub or ooat with olay (* B.th.)
reoklesaness, heedlessness,
thoughtleasness; lightheadedness, levity, j>U fto pl. OLUl ofydn olay, potter's
frivolity olay, argil; soil; basis, foundation |
,j*LII

jjJ^I (Jfaxafl) kaolln, poroelain clay; jlj

ÜLU fiyäSa inoonstaney, fiokleness;

reoklessnesa, heedlessneBs, raahness; Üj ,>UI zdda t-tina baüakm, iL ,>Lll j jlj

thoughtlesaness; lightheadedness, levity, to make things worse, aggravate or

frivolity oomplicate the Situation

f Ina
i-1» olay, potter's olay, argil
^UlL fd*il ineonstant, ohangeable,
fiokle; lightheaded, frivolous; thought* stuff, material, substance (of which B.th.

less, heedless, reokless; undeoided, con- is made) ; kind, speoifio charaoter, dispo-

fused, perplexed, helpless; aimlesA, des- sition, Constitution, nature

ultory, purposelesa üLW fayyän mortar oarrier, hod

carrier
(,JuL) J»IL fd/a i (faij) to appear to s.o. (»-<)

in his sleep (of a specter) üj-U fayytin Iinula (bot.)

J*

•U» fd* name of the letter i» brt witty, fall of esprit n to adorn, em-
belliah, polish {*, t s.o., B.th.), impart
jtU ft*r wet nuxse
ohftrra (*, « to s.o., to B.th.); to put (*
B.th.) into an envelope, oover or wrap,
jt ?oAy pl. »Lt %ibä* gazeile (Gazella doroas)
to envelop, wrap up, oover {* B.th.) T to
<Ji fabya pl. fabayäi female gazeile afTect oharm or eleganoe, display affeot-
edness; to show o.s. elegant, witty, füll
jt für sharp-edged stone, flint
of esprit VI = V; X to deem or find
jL^ faribän, %irbän pl. Jul^U fardbin1 , j\Ji (*, • a.o., s.th.) elegant, oharming, adroit,
fardbiy poleoat, fitohew witty, eto.

Ctjm yoru/o u (far/, iiljl» faräfa) to be Jj)i farf eleganoe, graoefulness, graoe,
oharming, chio, nice, elegant, neat; to chario; cleverness, resourcefulness; wit-
 ;

S81
>
tiness, eaprit; — (pl. Ctjji furüf) vessel, conquer, vanquish, defeat, overcome,
receptacle, oontalner; oovering, wrap, surmount, overwhelm (J* or w s.o.,
cover; (letter) onvelope; capsule, case; s.th.), get the better J* or <_» of s.o., of
(

(gram.) adverb denoting place or time; s.th.); to Beize

(J* or <_• s.o., s.th.), take
pl. Jjjjf circumstances, oonditions | J*J** possession (J* or i_* of s.o., of s.th.); to
or t^Ji j within, in a (given) period of; get, obtain, attain, achieve, gain, win

J*jJ* {muJfajfifa) and >Jlj»cI1 J»j J*

~<}uܣ-
(J* or <-» s.th.) II to grant viotory
extenuating circumstances; oü* Jtjji (J* or u
• to s.o. over), make (* s.o.)

(muSaddida) aggravating oircumstances; triumph, render ( s.o.) victorious (J*

J>jJiA\ k-—^ bi-hasabi z-z. aocording to or <_» over) IV =
II; TI to ally, enter

circumstanoee, depending on the circum- into an aüiance or confederacy, join

stances forces {
J* against)

jjfc far/t adverbial |

SJ^U ^Ü (&»#• jjit zufur, zu fr, zxfr pl. jlifcl azfär, ^LUI
y»na) or j^k JJi circumstantial evidence azdfir*, joLlil azäfir' nail, fingernail;

toenail; claw, talon |

«jUtl <*_pw (-L. or) j*
iju Ji *arf/ pl. «Lijt zurafä*', f. «JJljfc
from (the days of) his earliest youth,
zarä'if* elegant, graoeful, charming
since his earliest youth or adolesoenoe;
füll of eeprit, witty, nice, fine
jiUl >U youthful, of tender age
*i\Ji zaräfa elegance, gracefulnesa,
j& zafar victory, triumph
graee, charm; eaprit, wittiness
jjt zq/ir victorious, succeBsful, tri«
iJu^LS iazrxf wittiness, brilliant and
umphant; (pl. ü\jiHb) young man, youth
witty manner
(Mj.)
t^tjij tazarruf gracefulnesa, grace,
jjjiiil u?/flr pl. jjltl axäflr* nail,
elegance, charm, wittiness, eaprit
fingernail, toenail; claw, talon

*^tjjk* mazrüf pl. ijujlk. maxärxf* jiU* zäfir victorious, triumphant; suc-
envelope
cessful; victor, conqueror
Jsjku mutazarrif elegant, dandy, fop
jj&* muzaffar victorious, succesaful,
•Jtji^m» mustazraf elegant | tjli^l triumphant
*ijär~* luxury articlee, fanoy gooda
JU zaUa (Ist pers. perf. zaliltu) a (tau, JjlU>

j*U m'ana a (za'n) to move away, leave, zulvl) to be ; to beoome , turn into,

depart grow into; (with foll. imperf., participle

or J*:) to continue to do s.th., go on
j*U za'n departure, start, journey,
doing s.th., perBevere in doing s.th.,
trek (esp. of a caravan)
stick to s.th., remain, persist in, e.g.,
<~jii za'xna pl. j*i zuun, üUtl az'än ü-Jl he con-
j,SC_j JU (yaakunu l-baita)
camel-borne sedan chair for women; a tinued to live in the house; b*L# Jk he
woman in Buch a sedan remained silent, persisted in his silence;

j^U» zä'in ephemeral, transient, tran- Juj- Jp JU (mau^t/) to persist in a

sitory
Standpoint or attitude II to shade,
overshadow (*, • s.o., s.th.), cast a
jjt zafira a (zafar) to be sucoessful, shadow (*, • over s.o., over s.th.); to
suoceed, be victorious, be triumphant; screen, shelter, protect (*, • s.o., s.th.);

to gain a victory (J* or <-» over), to preserve, guard, maintaln, keep up

Jk 682

(* B.th.) IV = II; V to be Bhaded ( v by), ^lfc ?oZa'o a ($aT) to limp, walk with a limp,
sit in the shadow (u of) X = V; to walk lamely
protect o.s. from the suxl (._» by or
JUi fdK' lame
through B.th.), hide in the shadow («_*

of s.th.), seek the shadow (^ of B.th.); Jtik ?iZ/ pl. Jijlk zidüf, j^fcl ozid/ oloveu hoof
to place o.b. under the protection or
patronage of s.o. («->), seek ahelter or ref- ik zatama i (zalm, zvim) to do wrong or
uge with s.o. (<-j), be under the patronage evil; to wrong, treat unjustly, ill-treat,

or protection of b.o. («_*)

oppress, beset, härm, suppress, tyr-
annize {* s. o . ) , commit outrage (
JU ziU pl. J^k ?»/#, Jjlfc zidQl, J^lil
upon s.o.); to act the tyrant, act ty-
shadow, umbra;
oildZ

protection,
shade,
patronage; shading,
ahelter,

hue;
rannicalTy (* toward or against a.o.); —
zalima a and IT to be or grow dark,
slightest indication, semblance, trace,
dusky, gloomy, murky, tenebrous, dark-
glimpse(of s.th.);tangent (geom.) JU j |
en, darkle V to oomplain (,> of, about)
(with foll. genit.) under the protection
VII and VIII ^1 izzalama to suffer in-
or patronage of, under the auspices of;
justice, be wronged
under the sovereignty of ; JU £*£ under
the protection or patronage of, under ib zulm wrong; iniquity; injuatioe,

the auspices of; Jlkll insufferable, inequity , unfairness ; oppresaion, re-

J-Ü
repugnant (of a person); JÜl J«-i*- preaaion, suppresaion, tyranny; Ulli

likable, nice (of a person); -dii Jitl-l zidman unjustly, wrongfully

(wiof^aJa) to difllike s.o., find a.o. in
Uli» zidma pl. -öf, zvlvmät, zvlamät,
sufferable, unbearable, a bore; ,j*&
ji» zulam darkness, duskineaa, gloom,
*Ul dj^li or) tagaHapa züluhü. his prestige
murkiness | oLiUI j£. bahr az-z. the
or authority faded, diminished; it de-
Atlantic Ooean
creased, diminished, dwindled away,
waned •Ufc zalmS* darkness |
.Ufc ZJ (laiia)

pitch-dark night
iU» zuüa pl. Jit ntfoZ awning, marquee,
oanopy, aheltering hut or tent, ahelter; 1»^ zaläm darkness, duskineaa, gloom,
shack, shanty; kiosk, stall; beach chair murkiness

J~IL zalxl shady, shaded, umbrageous *"& zaliäm evildoer, villain, malefactor,
Ük» mizaüa, mazalla pl. -dt, JUi* ma* rogue, sooundrel, tyrant, oppressor

zälP umbrella, parasol, aunshade; lamp ^LU zaltm pl. üULU zilmän male
ahade; awning; O veranda, porch j -l»
ostrich
Üikil *%d al-m. Feast of Tabemacles,
Sukkoth (Jud.); «Jlj ÜJi. (wdgtya) para-
i.^ zuläma pl. -ät misdeed, wrong,
iniquity, inj ustice, outrage
chute; iLU UL. do.; iiikil gX*- jundi
al-m. pl. (ÜU.I) o^Lii j^i*. paratrooper IUI azlam* darker, duskier, gloomier,

Jik* mtzatö pl. -an paratrooper; pl. murkier; a viler, more infamous, more
paratroopa, airborne troopa heinous villain

JUl. muzallil Bhady, shadowy, um- Uiiu mozlima pl. Jlk. mazdlim* mis-
brageous, Bhading, ctfuaing ahadow deed, wrong, iniquity, act of injustioe,
outrage
Jli- muzül ahady, shadowy, umbra-
geous, shading, causing shadow ViAfcl izläm darkness, gloom
 ; ;;

683
>
JLi» zöiim pl. -fln, /•>Ui zuüäm, Uli have a good opinion of s.o., think well
zaiama unjust, unfair, iniquitous, tyran- of s.o. ; v jLII jr-^-l (aksana z-zanna) do.
nical, oppressing; tyrant, oppressor; of- Uli *i *U to have a low opinion of s.o.,

fender, transgressor, sinner think ill of s.o.; <-> jlill »UI (o*a"a) do.

jili- mazlüm wronged, ill-treated, un- Jl» zannt resting on mere assumption,
f
juatly treated, tyrannized presumptive, supposed, hypothetioal

iL* muzlim dark, dusky, gloomy, et zinna pl. jUi ztnan suspicion,
tenebrous, murky misgiving

^•fc jamta a (ufc ?ama', «Uli zamä', ««Uli ^>iU zanfo suspicioiiB, suspect(ed)

^amä'a) to thirst, be thirsty II to make unreliable, untrustworthy (J* with re-

gard to); a suBpeot

(• s.o.) thirst

»•I» ?»'*«', Ut zania' and »Lt zamd' üj^i zanün suspicious, distrustful

thirst
<Ji* moztnna pl. oLL. mazänn1 time
ül*l» tarn an2 , f. jLfc zam*d thirsty or place where one ezpeots s.th.; (with
foll. genit. or auffix) place where s.th.
i/U» zämt' thirsty
or s.o. is presumably to be found, its

jli zanna (lBt pera. perf. zanantv) u (zann) most likely location, the most likely

to think, believe, asaume, presume, place for it (or him) to be; suspicion, mis-
suppose {* s.th.); to hold, think, deem, giving J
*JlL. j <: ,.*Äll I looked for

consider (* or * * s.o. to be s.o. or B.th.; him where I expected to find him,

* * s.th. to be s.th.); to suspect (u* or where he presumably was; *ilL» j* j in

b.o.) *ili to think s.o. capable places where he couldn't possibly be

•
|
J«ju
of doing s.th., believe of s.o. that he maznün
üjJi* supposed, preaumed,
would do s.th.; j£± l-U-l jbl V {ahadan assumed; suspicious, suspeot(ed)
yunkirv) I don't think that anyone can
deny; JiJUc iLlil V (tukälifuni) I don't Vj~t zunbüb pl. i^uhJi zanäbib* shinbone

believe that you oan contradict me; Ji

_^k zahara a (jj^ zuAür) to be or beoome
J* Ij-Ull «_* (ywaVato) he oonsidered him
visible, perceptible, distinet, manifest,
capable of...; öyüiJl «j jU (zunfina) to
clear, apparent, evident, obvious (J
think UI of s.o., have a low opinion of
to s.o.), come to light, appear, manifest
s.o.; »UJl *j ^U (jaAiJ'a) to suspect s.o.
itself, come into view, show, emerge,
of stupidity IV to suBpect (» s.o.) V to
crop up; to appear, seem (J to s.o.); to
surmise, form conjectures
break out (disease); to come out; to
J* zann pl. jyj; zunün opinion, idea, appear, be published (book, periodical);
asaumption, view, belief, supposition to arise, result (j- from); to aacend,
doubt, uncertainty |
jUI j_*- kuan climb, mount (» s.th.); to gain the
oz-z. good opinion jUI *ü" oz-z. upperhand, to triumph
; »_^-
(J* over), get
low opinion, distrust; jjlill ._-UI j or J the better (J* of), overoome, over-
jkJl ^S'i most probably, most likely; j*S"l whelm, oonquer, vanquish (J* s.o.); to
ül jlif I
it is very likely that . . . ; öl *l> LlU get (J* B.th.) into one 's power; to gain
(zannan) Bince he believed that...; L or have knowledge of), come to (J*
•^ iLU (zannuifca) what is one to think know s.th.), become acquainted
(J*.
of...; «lU j-». {Aa*una zannuAü) to know
(J* with); to s.th.); to learn,
ai
(J*>
 ;

584

to be entirely, oompletely; »_wdi j^*i 6t-?.

receive Information (Je about); >I-

cognizant (Je of); to learn (Je fl.th.) §aib behind s.o.'s back, insidiously,

II to endorse (* a bill of ezchange) III to treaoheroualy; secretly, stealthily, olan-

help, assifit, aid, support (• s.o.) IY to destinely; A^l j« in their midst, a-

make visible, make apparent, show, mong them; U^ti &* ,> from our
demonstrate, present, produce, bring to midst, from among us; jfi Je on (e.g.,

light, expose, disolose, divulge, reveal, on the ground, on the water, eto.), _^t Je

manifest, announce, prociaim, make •y-UI on board the steamer; i^lüll _^U j*

known, expound, Bet forth (# s.th,); to (?. ü-qalb), ^Jij^ije.(f. qalbin) or _*U j*
develop (# film; phoU); to grant victory •^~jl\ (z. iLgaib) by heart; oij_^ j»oi^—

(Je »Ho s.o. over), render victorioua (mustafcdam) temporary employee

over); to acquaint (Je • s.o.
(J* • s.o. j^i zuhr pl. jLjtl azhär noon, midday;
with B.th.), initiate (Je • s.o. into s.th.), _^WI
(f.) midday prayer (Ial. Law) |
jüu in
give knowledge or Information J* * to _*yi in the
( the afternoon, p.m.; JJ
s.o. about), inform, enlighten (Je • s.o.
forenoon, a.m.
about), explain (Je • to s.o. s.th.); to

let (• s.o.) in on s.th. (Je), make (• b.o.)

^j^ß zihrl: \ij& (*~J*) ••*?* t0 P*y no
attention to B.th., not to care about
realize (Je s.th.); to show, reveal (Je *
s.th., disregard s.th.
to s.o. s.th.); to axtioulate fully VI to
manifest, display, show outwardly, ez- _n^U zahlt helper, assistant, aid, sup-

hibit, parade (<-> s.th.); to feign, affect, porter; partisan, backer; back (in soccer);

pretend, simulate (^ s.th.), act as if, {mor.) decree, edict, ordinance

make out as if (t->); to demonstrate, jj^i ruAür appearance ; visibiüty,
make a public demonstration; to help conspiououBness ; pomp, splendor, show,
one another, make common cause (Je jj^WI
ostentation, window-dressing |
<^*-
against) X to show, demonstrate, expose
hubb az-z. ostentatiousness, love of
(* s.th.); to memorize, learn by heart
pomp; j^UJl J-e 'ldaz-z. Epiphany {Chr.)
{* B.th.); to know by heart (# s.th.); to
seek help, assistance, or support ( <_j
jl^Ul az-zahrän Dhahran (town in
with), appeal for help, for aasistance extensive oil region of E Saudi Arabia)

(._j to s.o.); to overcome, surmount,

-fji^+t ju baina tahränaihim in their
conquer, vanquish (J* s.o., s.th.), have among them
midst,
or gain the upperhand (J# over), get the
ijlfi zthdra outside, right side (of a
better (Je of)
garment); blanket (o.g., of a mule)
j^ß zahr cast iron |
ij^i-i _^k and .U.W
•j^i zahira noon, midday, midday
^1 see^j
heat
jfi zahr pl. jj^i zuhür,
athur ^l more mani-
>^UI azhar* more distinct,
baok; rear, rear part, rear side, reverse;
fest, olearer
flyleaf; deck (of a steamer); upper part,
top, surface; olj_^t zuhürät (as a genit.; j^- mazhar pl. ^*Uk* mazdhir* (external)
eg.) pro tempore, provisional, temporary appearance, external make-up, guise
|

jjil\ *\ L aUailat az-i. spine, ver- outward bearing, comportment, oonduct,

tebral column; jlJ [^ zahran li-bafnin behavior; exterior, look(s), sight, view;
semblanoe, aspect; bearer or object
upside down, topsy-turvy; «--5*
J* [^
i'aqib) from the ground up, radically, of a phenomenon, object in which s.th.
 u
manifests itself; phenomenon; Symptom exterior, outward; seeming, presumed,
(med.); pl. manifeatations, expresaions |
ostensible, alleged; outside, exterior,
«U-l ^LL. m. al-hayäh manifeatations of surface; outskirts, periphery (of a oity);

life (biol.); ^til j externally, in outward (gram.) Substantive; (pl. j*\j)* zatväkiri )

appearance, outwardly external senae, literal meaning (apecif.,

of Koran and Prophetic Tradition); l^*U»
j^iü tazhir endorsement, transfer by
zdhiran externally, outwardly; seemingly,
endorsement (of abül ofexohange; com.)
presumedly, ostensibly, allegedly |
^*U»
jlfli zihär pre-Islamic form of divorce, Jäxlll z. al-lafz the literal meaning of an
conaisting in the words of repudiation: expresaion; ül ^*lk)i it seems, it appears
you are to me like my mother's back that . .
. ; ^*Uill ^—*- kasaba z-z. in outward
(jl j^iS" J* cJl anti 'alayya ka-zdhri appearance, externally, outwardly ; j
ummx) _^UiJI apparently, obviouBly, evidently; j
_^Udl and j-^l jhtti j (z. il-amr) aeen
S^Ui* muzähara assistance, support,
backing; (pl. -ät) (public) demonstration,
outwardly, externally; outwardly; ^
jh UJl from outside
rally
jy»Ü» zähiri outer, outside, external,
j l^ii I izhär presentation , exposition
exterior, outward; superficial; Zabiritic,
demODBtration, exhibition, disclosure, ex-
interpreting the Koran according to its
poaure, revelation, announcement, dec-
literal meaning
laration, manifestation, diaplay; develop-

ing (phot.) •ytU» zähira pl. _^1jt zatväkir* phe-

nomenon, outward sign or token, external
j*Uw Uvfähur diBsimulation, feigning,
Symptom or indication |
»Li-1 j*\J* z.
pretending, pretension ; hypocrisy, dis-
al-hayäh biologioal phenomena (biol.);
semblance; (pl. -ät) (public) demonstra-
<lji? I
j*!A" t^*
*
*' ltt °?'?* ol-jawwiya
tio^ rally
meteorology;^*l_^>ll ^w (zatwJAiro) to keep
^*U» zähir (of God) mastering, knowing up appearanoes
(J* s.th.); visible, peroeptible, distinct, y»Uii* mtäazähir pl. -An demonstrator
manifest, obvious, conspicuous, clear,
patent, evident, apparent ; external, »IL ja* name of the letter ir

c- 'a&ba u {'0Ä6) to drink in large draughte, L* 'aba'a a with negation; _< Le L not to
gulp down (* s.th.); to pour down, toss care about, not to give a hoot for, pay
down (* a drink); to lap up, drink avidly no attention to, attach no importance
(* s.th.) to, not to insist on |
<j L*j ^ (yu'ba'u) un-
(_-* 'ubb, 'ibb breast pocket
important, insignificant; *jU j± indif-

ferent, unconcerned II to prepare,

i_jL* 'ubäb f. torrents, floods; waves,
arrange (* s.th.); to array, set up (*
billows
a.tb.); to mobilize, call up (1£j*- jaiian

V_**d ya'büb torrential river an army); to fill, pack (l^ * s.th. with);
 586

to load, charge (._* * B.th. with); to draw rageous; offender, transgressor, evildoer,

off, decant (j * s.th. into), bottle (* ainner

s.th.)
1 .L* 'abada u {oLt 'ibäda, «jj-* *ubüda, *j^*
>w * 'ib' pl. »L*! a'W load, bürden
'vbüdiya) to serve, worahip (• a god),
J* on), encumbrance ( J* to) oLl^l »w* a god or human
(
|
adore, venerate (• s.o.,
'•'.
al-ilbät bürden of proof (jur.); o*V or
being), idolize, deify (« s.o.) II to enslave,
L^JS* »Lt^L j»U to take all burdens upon subjugate, Bubjeci s.o.); to
enthrall, (•

o.a., carry all burdens improve, develop, make serviceable,

»L* 'abä* pl. 1^1 o'W'o aba, cloak- make passable for traffio (* a road)
like woolen wrap (occasionally striped) V to devote o.s. to the Service of
God X to enslave, enthrall, subjugate
•»Lt 'ajiä'a pl. -Ä aba, a cloak-like,
(» B.O.)
woolen wrap (occasionally striped)
.L*. 'abd pl. -u* 'abid, üI-Lp 'ubdän,
~*Lm ta'bta mobilization ; drafting,
'ibdän Blave, serf; bondsman, servant; —
conscription ; Alling, drawing off, bottling
human
(pl. iL* 'ibäd) servant (of God),
jU 'äbi* see under verb I being, man; jLJI humanity, mankind |

ii .uJl = I (form of modesty); -L*Jl

-* 'abüa a {'abat) to fool around, indulge

i_j4-*-iJl do.
in horseplay, commit a folly; to play,
tfj^ .l*, ^j^-l* 'abdaüäun (eg.) a
joke, jest (^ witb); to toy, play a friv-
variety of melon
olous game (>_* with), mock (i_* s.o.,

s.th.); to play (abaent-mindedly), fidget, »J-* 'abda pl. -ät wouian Blave, Blave
fuss, dawdle, fiddle (^ with s.th., e.g.,
girl, bondwoman
while talking); to handle, manipulate
jL* 'abbäd: —iJl jL* and —Ul »iL*
( v s.th.), tinker (^ with); to abuse 1>r 1>r

*a. aS-Sama sunflower (Helianthus an-

(i-t s.th.); to commit an offenae (l-»
infringe, en-
nuus L.)
against), violate (>-> s.th.),

croach (._* upon); to impair, injure (^ 3jL* 'ibäda worship, adoration, ven-
s.th.) III to amuse o.s., make fun, play eration; devotional Service, divine Serv-
around, banter, dally (• with b.o.), tease ice (Chr.); pl. -ät acta of devotion, re-

(• s.o.), play a trick, prank or joke (• ligious observances {Jsl. Law)

on s.o.)
• *+* 'ubüda humble veneration, hom-
ii_ji 'abat (frivoloua) play; pastime, worahip; slavery, Berf-
age, adoration,
amusement; joke, jest; mockery; Li-*
dom; servitude, bondage
'aba^an in vain, futilely, to no avail,

£-JI j. 4jj_j-* 'ubvdiya humble veneration,

uBelessly, fruitleesly |
öl it is

£lk>l li^ jxJ j homage, adoration, worship; slavery, serf-

foolish and useless to . . . ;

dom; servitude, bondage

*_f u I
( istafä'a,
yujibahü) b ut he
couldn't give him an answer Im ma'bad pl. .uU* ma'äbid* place of

üjU, mu'äbaia pl. -ät teaeing, joke or worship; house of God, temple

prank played on s.o.; funmaking, jest-

.u-*j iabxd enslavement, enthrallment,
ing, banter, raillery subjugation, subjection; paving, pave-

d-tU *öb%i joking, jooular; mocking, ment j^Ut |

J-*j" '. af-tvruq road construc-

Bcomful; frivoloua; wanton, wicked, out- tion

 . ;;

687
J*

•Um ta'abbud piety, devoutness, de- 'abr crossiug, trarersing, transit;

jf-
votion, worahip; hagiolatry, worship or passage; fording; 'abra (prep.) aoross,
oult of saints (Chr.) over; beyond, on the other aide of

jLmsJ istCbdd enslavement, enthrall- jyx. 'vbür orosaing, traversing, transit;

ment, subjugation passage; fording
r
•bl» ibid pl. -ün, iL* 'vbbdd, !-u jy 'ablr fragrance, scent, perfume,
'abada worshiper, adorer aroma; bouquet (of wine)

ij~~ ma'büd worshiped, adored; deity, tfj^ 'ibri Hebrew, Hebraio; (pl. -fln)

godhead; idol a Hebrew; jj^JI or ÄjjvJI Hebrew, the

Hebrew language
•j^m ma'büda ladylove, adored
»s* 'abra pl. 'abarät, ja 'ibar tear
woman
r
ij* 'ibra pl. _r* ibar admonition,
47 m muabbad passable, smooth, im-
monition, (warning
warning; or de-
proved (road)
terring) example, lesson; advice, rule,
o-jC* muia'abbid pious, devout; pious precept (to be foUowed); oonsideration
worshiper (Chr.) befitting a.th.; that whioh haa to be
oonsidered, be taken into oonsideration
ölx* 'abadän* Abadan (island and town in
or account, that which is of conse-
W Iran, oil oenter)
quenoe, of importanoe, B.th. decisive
or oonsequential *j+5\ jl*j* maufin
j# 'abara u ('abr, jj-l 'vbür) to oross, tra- |

al-'i. the salient point, the cruoial point

verse (* s.th.); to ford {* s.th.), wade
(* through a.th.); to Bwim (* s.th. or
**.
»Jf- V ('ihrata) it deserves no attention,

aoroas s.th.); to pasa (* over B.th.); to

it is of no oonsequenoe; joru »j*S\ the
orucial faotor(s) is (are)..., decisive is
ferry (* a river, and the like); * <i i
j* to
carry s.o. aoroas or over s.th.; to pass,
(are)...; jl »j* V (li-man) it is of no
elapse (Urne), fade, d windle; to pasa oonsequenoe if s.o. . .

away, die, depart; — 'abira a (

r
abar) •jLc 'ibära pl. -ät explanation, Inter-
to ahed tears II to Interpret (* a dream); pretation; mode of expreasion, diotion;
to atate olearly, declare, asaert, utter, word ; Bentenoe, clause, phrase, idiom,
expreas, voice (j* a.th.). give expreasion expreasion |
ifjrf-l IjL-w (ukrä) in other
(je- to & feeling); to designate (^ je words, expressed otherwise; »jt** «jL*
s.th. with or by) to determine the ; 'ibäratan fa-'ibäraian sentence by Ben-
weight of a coin (*), weigh (» a ooin) tenoe, word by word; ^ IjL* conaisting
Vm to be taught a lesson, be warned; in; tantamount to, equivalent to, mean-
to learn a lesson, take warning, to ing...
learn, take an example {<- from); to oon- jlj* 'ibräm Hebrew, Hebraic; a
sider, weigh, take into acoount or consider-
Hebrew; jljwJI or <±\j<+l\ Hebrew, the
ation (* s.th.), allow, make allowanoes
Hebrew language
(* for s.th.); to aoknowledge a quality
(*) in s.o. (J); to deem, regard, take
jm- ma'bar pl. _/U ma'äbir* orosaing
point, orossing, traverse, passage(way)
(* *, • s.o., s.th. as), look (* *, • at
s.th. as); to esteem, honor, revere, value,
ford; pass, pass road, defile; O lobby

respect, hold in esteem (• s.o.), have j«*« mi'bar pl. _/U. ma'äbir* medium
regard (• for s.o.) X to shed teara, weep for crossing, ferry, ferryboat; bridge
 ;, ;

J*

jwü ta'bir Interpretation (öf a dream) elapsed (time); (pl. -fln) passer-by |

assertion, declaration, expression, utter- O oIjüJl j\* rjj\-+ interoontinental

anoe (jt of a feeling); (pl. St) expression ballistio misBile, ICBM

(in general, also artistio); (pl. j*jI*j
/«• mu'abbir Interpreter (^ of feelings)
ta'äbir2 ) (linguiatio) expression, phraae,

term _^-T j^i (äJfar) in other words,

expressive, Bignifioant |
j*» ^j (raqt)
|
interpretative danoing
expressed otherwise

tabiri expresBional, expressive,

G sjjf- (hij.) muBket, gun
(j^r-ü
emotive j* 'abtua fai«, ^j* 'vbfti) to frown,
_
l r %

knit one'a brows; to glower, lower,

jL^I i'tibär respect, regard, deference,
soowl, look ßternly <&-j j ,j-** to
esteem; (pl. -ät) oonsideration, regard; |

reflection, contemplation; approach, out- give s.o. an angry look, bcowI at s.o.

view IjL^I II B. I
look, point of view, | J
(^ or) (i'tibäran) with respect to, with
^j** 'ahüa frowning, scowling; gloomy,
regard to, in oonsideration of, con- austere;
diamal, melancholy; stern,
Bidering..., in view of (s.th.)j i> LAr*' ominouB
from, as of, beginning . . ., starting with . . .

^j^ 'ubüs gloominess, gloom, drear-

effektive from... (with foll. indication
iness; sternness, austerity, severity,
of time); *^\ j^Li with reapeot to,
oonsideration
gravity
with regard to, in of,

considering..., in view of (s.th.); jLs*L» ***j* 'ubüaa frown, scowl; glower,

jl bi-Hibäri an considering (the fact) gloomy look, a gloomy, morose, sullen or
that..., with regard to the faot that..., stern mien
in view of the faot that...; provided
that..., with the proviso that...; «jL^Ij
^U 'abbdsi Abbaside; (pl. -fln) an
Abbaside
aa, in terms of, in the oapacity of, e.g.,

*\jjj\ j»o»l •jU^Lj Sjj-jU-M jjj (aqdama U ^U- *Öb%8 frowning, scowling; gloomy,
wuzarä'%) the Foreign Minister in bis morose, sullen; austere, stern, severe
oapacity of senior-ranking minister;
± sf 'abif pl. »LL* 'vbafd* 1 stupid, imbecile,
jLip^I \X$ from this Standpoint, from
idiotio, silly, foolish
this viewpoint; Ol jl~*1 considering
J*
(the fact) that..., with regard to the lifU») i'tibdfan at random, haphaxard-
faot that..., in view of the fact that...; ly, arbitrarily

onthe assumption that...; jlr**!/l U* J*

£+ 'dbiqa a {'abaq) to oling (^ to), ünger
from this standpoint, from this view-
(^ on, of a soent); to be fragrant, exhale
point; jU*l Jf j in every respect; b^r*'
fragranoe; to be fllled, be redolent (•->
üJu- j\ {haqiqatan) from a subjective
with a scent, eto.)
point of view or in reality
j** 'abiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling
t^jL^i Vtibäri based on a subjective
fragranoe
approach or outlook; relative | v***
t
öjLi*l {{afoiya) legal person (jur.) *Jua abqa pressure (on the ehest),
feeling of suffocation
j\**äbir passing; orossing, traversing,
eto. (see I); fleeting (smile); transient, jiU 'Obiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling

transitory, ephemeral; bygone, past, fragranoe

 •

d*
jJls- 'abqar legendary place inhabited by jUp 'at&d pl. -u*l a*h*d, ä.u«l a**«Ja
jinn; fairyland, wonderland equipment; (war) material, materiel, am-
munition J^- jIi* (Aar&i) war material,
tsj** 'abqari multioolored,, colorful oar- |

pet; ingenious, genial; materiel, ammunition

(pl. -fln, 1JL*
'abäqira) ingenioufl person, genius -u* 'aJbf ready, prepared; future,

~*ij*-e 'abqartya ingenuity, genius forthooming; venerable; solemn

.iL* 'abak oamlet (woolen fabrio) D j+* mu'attar (< jv») slovenly, sloppy;
stupid; unfortunate
J-p 'abl pl. JL* '»Mi plump, well rounded,
ohubby, fat (e.g., arms) ,£* 'atuqa u (Sil:* 'atdqa) and 'ataqa t

('o^, '»ty) to grow old, age; to mature,

JL* 'abäl (coli.; n. un. a variety of
wild rose, eglantine
!)
mellow (wine); — 'ataqa i to be eman-
oipated, be free (slave) IV to free, set
J-*l a'bal granite
free, releaae, emancipate, mannmit (

j*e II = L* II; to fill, paok (^ * s.th. with);

s.o., esp. a slave) VII to free o.s., rid o.s.

to Ioad, oharge * s.th. with) (>of)

(v
i^* 'uMtm pl. -tU paokage, paok (of J^ 'itg age, vintage (esp. of wine);

an artiole, of a oommodity) ; Container liberty (as opposed to Blavery); eman-

with its content« cipation, freeing, manumission (of a
slave)
iL* 'abdya = I»L* 'abä'a q. v.

i_-i* alajia i u (*af&, iju. ma'faA) to blame,

J^ 'atlq old, ancient, antique;
matured, mellowed, aged (wine) ; of
censure, reprove, scold
(J* s.o.); i_;r — ancient tradition, long-standing; anti-
<;Ij 'o/ofca MÄaÄö to cross the tbreshold
quated, outmoded, obsolete; free, eman-
of s.o. II to hesitate, be slow, be tardy
cipated (slave); noble |
jl^l jj* old-
III to blame, oensure, reprove, soold
fashioned
. s.o. for)
(J*
«U* 'atäqa age, vintage (esp. of wine)
«_*=» 'atb oensure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand jliftl i'täq freeing, liberation, manu-
c
mission (of a slave)
*-i* 'ataba pl. <_-^ ata&, i^Upl a'Mfc
doorstep, threshold; (door) lintel, also Jjl* 'ätiq pl. jj'lj* 'atoätiq* Shoulder |

LUI UJI <üJL ».Ul (akatfahü) to take s.th.

LaJI ('«Zj/<J); step, atair | V L*^I J»
(stmiyo) (formerly:) His Highness the upon o.s., take over, asaume s.th ;

Bey <üjL J* *JjJ_11 Jjl (oZjd i-nuu'iUiyaJa)

(Tun.); Ulli V L*V <*»j rafa'ahü
to present s.th. to place the responsibility on s.o.; aJj
li-a. il-malik (e.g., a
gift) most obediently to the king ü^Ai jjl*
J» to be at s.o.'s ezpense,
fall to s.o.
k~<Uft *Uäb censure, blame, rebuke, re-
proof, reprimand J=~ mw'aäa^ mellowed, matured
(wine); old, anoient
*-Jl** muätaba oensure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand J^m mv'ftg emancipator, liberator,
manumitter (of slaves)
T
u* 'atuda u (jU* atOd) to be ready, be
dli* 'ataka i to attack
prepared IV to prepare, ready, make
ready (* s.th.) illl* '(W»4 olear, pure, limpid (esp. wine)
>
'aiaia u ('aü) to carry (* a.th.) citrance, unruliness, wildness, ferooity
J* i |

U* j+*l\ j* iL ('umr) to attain great age;

Jli* 'aüdl porter, oarrier
to be far advanced in years
*fc* 'ofaJa pl. J* 'otoi crowbar
J* 'atiy pl. »U*l a'ta haughty, im-
ÄJli* 'tldla porter's or carrier's trade; pertinent, insolent ; recalcitrant, re-
porterage fractory, unruly, intractable, wild

J* 'atama i ('atm) to hesitate II to darken, oU 'äiin pl. !l=* '%Uäh presumptuoua,

obscure, cloud, black out (* s.th.); to impudent, impertinent, insolent, arro-

hesitate (esp. with neg.) |

<jl
^ "tf,
J
gant; violent, fierce, strong, wild, furious,

öl J* L. , Ol i<u it doea not (did not) raging (atorm)

take long unti]..., before long..., pre-

£* *ti# (ooll.; n. un. I) pl. d-i* 'utaf moth
sently... IV to hesitate, waver
worm, moth larra; moth
I* *utm (coli. ; n. un. •) wild olive tree
>L>jU* ma'filt moth-ridden, füll of
r
Ui» atma dark, gloom, darkneas moths, moth-eaten
Ui» "atama first third of the night
JU 'optra u % {'afr, j^p 'atlrt jli* 'ifär) to

öli* 'aidma opacity, opaqueness; (pl. stumble, trip; <> jU to trip s.o., make
-<H) darknesa s.o. stumble, make s.o. fall, feil s.o.,

-^u" fa'fim darkening, obsouring, cloud- topple s.o.; — 'afara 1* (jji* 'vfür) to

ing
come (l-> or J* across), hit, light, strike,
stumble or J* upon), find, discover,
(i_>
Im* mutim dork
detect (^ or Jp s.o., B.th.) II to cause

4ie pass. 'uiiAa ('utk, 'atah, **lic 'oWÄa) to (• s.o.) to stumble, trip (* s.o.), make
be or become idiotic, imbecile, dim- (. s.o.) fall, topple (. s.o.) IV = II; to

witted, feeble-minded, demented, insane, acquaint (Jp • s.o. with B.th.); to lead

mad, crazy (J* • s.o. to s.th.) V to stumble, trip;

r
to stutter, stammer, speak brokenly |
*ic uth, 'atah idiocy, imbecility dim-
i—i-'l JLiL J^J (bia4yäli l-Jcaiba) to fail,
wittedness, feeble-mindedness
meet with failure
r
l»\i£ atäha idiocy, imbecility, dim-
jU 'afra pL 'atarät stumbling, trip-
wittednesa, feeble-mindedness
ping ; false step, slip, fall |
lj* ^ hajar
•jSm ma'tüh pl. *JU* ma'ätih* idiotic, 'a. stumbling block; *L*-* j *j* <_ii>

insane, mad, crazy; idiot, lunatic, im- ('atratan) to be a stumbling block for
becile, demented person, insane pereon s.o., obstruet s.o.'s way

( j*
and Jt) U* 'atä u (>* 'tttüw, Jp 'tt«y, *ü\y jy* 'ti|ilr discovery, deteotion (J* of)

to be insolent, refractory, recalcitrant, sand

ji± 'iiyar dust, fine
unruly; to be violent, fierce, strong, wild,
jjJI* 'äfQr pl. jwIjp 'owaflf8 pitfall;
furious, raging (e.g., storma) T do.
difficulty
j± 'utüw presumption, haughtiness,
J*i* muia'atjir stumbling, tripping;
insolence, impertinence, arrogance; re-
speaking (a foreign language) brokenly;
calcitranoe, unruliness, wildness, ferooity
broken (of a foreign language)
Je 'tttty presumption, haughtiness,

insolence, impertinence, arrogance; recal- j£* 'uimänl Ottoman; (adj. and n.)
 . ;

591

üj^fr 'ulnün pl. joli* 'atänin* T

beard <-»L«£ ujäb wonderful, wondrous, mar-
velous, astonishing, amazing; Bee 'ajab
(^ and J*) Li* 'atä u (ji* 'utüw),
J* 'a$ä a i
('uiiy, 'iiiy) to act wickedly, do härm, l—Jj- 'ajib wonderfuj, wondrous, mar-
cause mischief velous, admirable; astonishing, amazing,

remarkable, stränge, odd

gA *ajja i ('ajj, ^j* 'ajlj) to cry, yell, roar;
to cry out for help (Jl to); to rage, roar; *-* 'ajiba pl. JU 'ajä'ib* wondrous
to thunder, resound (i_j with); to swarm, thing, unheard-of thing, prodigy, marvel,

teem (^ with) II to raise, swirl up (jUJI miraole, wonder; pl. remarkable things,

al-§ubära the dust; of the wind) euriositiea, odditiea ul ^Vl j* | JU

the remarkable thing about the matter
£* 'ajj crying, yelling; clamor, roar
is that . .

1£ 'ujja omelet
<--^ I a'jab* more wonderful, more
£?* 'ajij crying, yelling; olamor, roar marvelous; more astonishing, more re-

r\j£ 'ajäj (swirling) dust; amoke markable

*»- U 'ajäja pl. -ät cloud of dust; billow ~*jj£ I u'jüba pl. 1 _--r-UI a'äjib* won-
of amoke drous thing; unheard-of thing, prodigy,
marvel, miracle, wonder
^L* 'ajjäj crying, yelling, clamoring,
roaring, boisterous, vociferous; raging j ta'jib arousing of admiration
(j*
(esp. sea) for s.th.), boosting (,y of s.th.), publicity

(,> for s.th.)

<_-* 'ajiba a ('ajab) to wonder, marvel, be
astonished, be amazed (,y or J at, over) V^ I i'jSb admiration (<~> for); pleas-

II to strike with wonder or astonish- ure, Batisfaction, delight (lj in) ; acclaim

ment, amaze, astonish, surprise (• a.o.)

pride; self-complacency, conceit

IV = II; to pleaae, delight {• s.o.), appeal >~>+S ta'ajjub astonishment, amaze-

(• to s.o.); — paSB. IV u'jiba to admire
(i_j s.o., fl.th.), have a high opinion (i_j

of); to be proud (l_» of), be vain (^about), V ***1

1 -' isti'jäb astonishment, amaze-
glory (^ in) |
4-Aj ^ I (u'jiba) to be
ment
conceited, be vain V to wonder, marvel, <-***+• mu'jib causing admiration, ad-
be aatoniahed, be amazed (^ at, over) mirable
X = V
<_**»<« mu'jab admirer (^ of s.o., of
(_-* 'ujb pride of, in), vanity
(<^>
(^ s.th.); proud (lj of), vain (i_» about) |
in), conceit
*—ij •-*?*• (bi-nafaihi) conceited, vain
<_~£ 'ajab astonishment, amazement;
i_-»»»i* muta'ajjib amazed, aatonished
(pl. ._. Aj£ I a'jäb) wonder, marvel; L£
'ajaban how stränge ! how odd ! how j£ 'ajar outgrowth, protuberance, ei-
aatoniahing! how remarkable! <_-*«!] \j
crescence, projection
yä la-l-'ajab oh, how wonderful! <_^* V
{'ajaba) no wonder!
bun a wonderful, marvelous thing;
^ jS amrun 'aja»

(_-^
j£ 'agr

r
(e^,) green, unripe

»j£ j£ ujar knot, knob,

'ujra pl.
<-»l* most prodigioua happening,
('ujäb) hump, protuberance, excrescence *j£ |

wonder of wonders 'vjaruhü wa-bujaruhü his (ite) obvious

*>f.J
 and hidden Bhortoominga, all hia (its) j^l* 'äjix pl.>rL>* *atw!;ua weak, feeble,
faults powerless, impotent; incapable (je of),

a variety
unable (jp to do s.th.); — (pl. ijf 'ajaxa)
J>* 'aggür (coli.; n. un. "•)

physically weak; phyaioally disabled;

of green melon. (eg.)
decrepit | *J*»*ll J»l**.l is'äf al-'a. oare

Jtjf II ta'ajrafa to b6 presumptuous, ar- for the aged

rogant, haughty ^mu mu"jiz miracle (eap. one performed

~-üj£ 'ajrafa presumption, arrogance, by a prophet)

haughtiness *^mu mu'jiia pl. -ät miracle (eap. one
performed by a prophet)
£ 'ajaza » (
r
ajz) and 'ajiza a to be weak,
r
lock strength, be inoapable (je of), be *»>: aj'aja to bellow, bawl, roar

unable (jp to do s.th.); — 'ajaza u (jj* <ml£ 'afaja clamor, roar, bellowing
'ujüz) and 'ajuza u to age> grow old
r f
(woman) |
ül jp >* L. ("ajaxa, ajiza) Ja* \
a'jaf*, f. #U* ajfä'
%
pl. JLf 'i;d/

not to fail to... II to weaken, debilitate, alender, elim, avelte; lean, emaciated

disable, incapacitate, hamstring, oripple,

J* 'a;tja o ('ajal, iL* 'o/oZa) to hurry,
paralyze (• s.o.) IV to weaken, debilitate,
hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to
disable, incapacitate, hamstring, cripple,
rush, hasten, hurry, come quickly (Jl
paralyze (• s.o.); to be impoesible (• for
to) II to hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be
s.o.) ; to apeak in an inimitable, or
in a hurry; to bring about quiokly,
wonderful, manner ]
^'j ^>^ Jp »J^ I

hasten tin (i_» s.th.), bring or take quiokly

(dabb, maSy) to paralyze a.o.'s every
move; p+iti jp •>* I (fahm) to make (J v s.th. to); to hurry, rush, urge,

impel, drive (• s.o.), expedite, apeed up,

comprehension imposaible for s.o. X to
accelerate (* s.th.); to pay in advance;
deem (• s.o.) incapable (je of)
to pay spot cash (* J to s.o. for) III to
yt *ajz weakness, inoapacity, dis- hurry in order to catch up (*, • with
ability, failure, impotence (
j* for, to do s.o., with s.th.), rush, hurry (*, • after
s.th.); defioit s.o., after s.th.); to oatoh up (• with
s.o.), overtake (• s.o.; esp. death), de-
jj£ 'aptz, *ajz pl. jLf I a'jäz baokaide,
scend swiftly (*, • upon); to antioipate,
rump, posterior» j
J*Ji jl* I a. an-naJd
forestall (^ * s.o. in or with) IV to hurry,
stumpa of palm trees; j-L*Jl J» ^*«*ii jj
rush, urge, impel, drive (* s.o.) |
CJjJl *Lf I

(padr) to bring the rear to the fore, i.e.,

make up for a jp (waqtu) the time was too short for

to reverae oonditions,
him to... Y to hurry, hasten, speed,
deficienoy
rush, be in a hurry; to seek to get ahead
jyt 'ujüz old age in a hurry; to hurry, rush, urge (Jl »

jjA 'ajüz pl. >'Lf 'ajtfiz*, y* 'ujvz s.o. to) ; to antioipate, forestall (*, »

s.o., s.th.); to be ahead (* of s.th.),

old woman; old man; old, advanced in
precede (* e.g., events); to reoeive at
years
onoe, without delay (* a sum), receive
VjM 'ajiza posterion, buttooka (of a to
spot oash |
<-jlji-l «ImJ (jawäba)
woman) demand a quiok reply from s.o. X to

jl* I
r
i jäz inimitability, wondrous na- hurry, hasten, rush, speed, be in a
tura (of the Koran) hurry; to wish to expedite (* s.th.); to
 S93
r*
hurry, ruah, urge, impel, drive (# s.o.), ^-T jl sooner or later; J»-^/lj J»-^' j
expedite, epeed up, aocelerate {* s.th.) now and in the future; *L*Tjl *L-U j
sooner or later; J»-LJI <-o^l j in the
Jjf *ijl pl. J>* 'u;flj, iL* 'ijala oalf |

j**JI
immediate future
Jj*
'*. o/-6oAr sea oalf, seal
iL-U 'd;t'Ja fast train, express train;
Jjf *a/oI huiry, haste in a
| Jj* J* iU-LJI life in this world, temporal ezistence
hurry, hurriedly, apeedily, quickly, fast,
rapidly J*»** mu'ajjal urgent, pressing; pre-
mature ^^1 J^** m. ar-reum prepaid,
j

J* 'ajil quick, fast, swift, speedy,

postpaid (mail item); J-wJLI iUJL <*.
rapid
(hufon, nafäd) Bummary judgment, sen-
r
iL* a;aii hurry, haste; precipitance, tence by Bummary proceedings (jur.)
precipitation
^A*«*- *jj dafa'a mu'ajjalan to pay in
iL* 'ajala pl. -ö< wheel; bicyole advance
|

O 01-- iL* {«oyyära) motorcycle; iL*

muta'ajjil hasty,
J**^ rash, preoip-
oLÜl steering wheel; O <*jLj iL* (ndrtya)
itate
motoraycle
• musta'jil hurried, in a hurry
J-* 'a;'Ö pl. JL* '»;<H quick, fast,
swift, speedy, rapid musta'jal expeditious, speedy;
urgent, pressing; precipitate, premature
|
J>* 'ajül pl. Jj* 'u;ui quick, fast,
«l ^» ...!! jj^Vl (j-ili magistrate of summary
:

swift, speedy, rapid; hasty, precipitate,

justice
raah
'ajama u {'ajm) to try, test, put to the
«JL* 'ujäla work quickly thrown to- I*j*

gether, hastily prepared work, rush Job;

test (. s.o.) | .jj* ^ {'üdahü) to try,
test s.o., put s.o. to the test IV to provide
O sketch {lit.); quickly compiled report
a
(* letter) with a diacritical point (with
J-iU 'ajlän*, f.
J* 'ajlä, pl. JL* 'ajälä, diacritioal pointa) VII to be obscure, in-
JL* 'ijäl quiok, fast, Bwift, speedy, hur- comprehensible, unintelligible to
(J#
ried, rapid, hasty, cursory b.o.; language) X to become un-Arabio

J* a'jaP, f.
J* 'ujlä, pl. 'uji quick- p£ 'ajarn (coli.) barbarians, non-Arabs;
I

J*
er, faster; hastier; more ouraory Fersians; ^*y\\ or *j*aII j^j Fersia

,_Ljnuo ta'jll speeding-up, expediting, pj* 'ajam (coli.; n. un. 1) stone, kernet,
acceleration pit, pip, seed (of fruit)

JL>*i^l isti'jäl hurry, haste; precip- ij+f 'ajami pl. *L* 1 a'j&m barbarian,
itance, precipitation JL«c-VI non-Ärab; Persian (adj. and n.)
| **rj J*
(wajhi l-isi.) expeditiously, speedily
**j* 'ujma barbarism, inoorrectness (in

JLucJ üti'jäli speedy, expeditious; Bpeaking Arabic)

temporary, provisional *[£ 'ajmä' 1 oljL* 'ajmäwät (dumb)
pl.

pertaining to this beost

J»-U 'äjil world,
worldly ; tem poral
'äjilan Boon, presently,
; immediate ; ^U- U ^ I a'jam 2 , f. .L* 'ajmä* 1 , pl. *UI
before long; at a'äjim 1 speaking incorrect Arabic; dumb,
once, immediately, instantly J»-U £*- Bpeechless; barbarian,
| non-Arab, for-
(hukm) summary judgment (;ur.); ^Ü-U eigner, alien; a Peröian
 »

594
p*
jJt I a'jami non-Arabic; non-Arab, aa a.th.), pass (* for s.th.); to amount (i_>
i

foreigner, alien; a Persian to) | 4-1* ^Ui^/I J* (to count a.o.'a breath-
ing = ) to watcü cloaely over s.o., keep
»mu mu'jam incomprehenaible, un-
a Bharp eye on s.o., watch s.o.'s every
intelligible, obsoure (language, Speech);
move; J* * -U- to put down, or charge,
dotted, provided with a diacritical point
s.th. to s.o.'s disadvantage; J-j 1/ (yu*
(letter); (pl. *»-L** ma'äjim 2 ) dictionary,
*addu) numberlesa, oountlesa, innumer-
lexicon |
»*«*ll *-Jjj*- the letters of the
able II to count off, enumerate (* s.th.);
aiphabet
to make numerous, multiply, Compound
^/t 'ajana i u {'ajn) to knead (* s.th.); to {* s.th.) cJLl i-X* (mayyita) to enum-
^J
|

aoak (* a.th.) | ^L. j (Jaffa, erate the merits of a dead person,

mas'ala) to bring up a problem time and eulogize s.o. IV to prepare (J >, • s.o.,

again, harp on a question s.th. for); to ready, make ready, get

öL* 'ijän perineum (anat.)

ready (J *, • s.o., s.th. for); to preparu,
finish, fit, fix up, adapt, ad just, dress,
öL* 'ajjän, f. » dough kneader
arrange, dispose, set up, make (J *

j^j* 'ajin dough, batter, paate; paates s.th. for), draw up, draft, work out (*

(such as noodles, vermicelli, Spaghetti, etc.) o.g., a report); to prepare (* one'a

lesaon) | J «Ja* J*l {'uddatahü) to make
*LJt- 'aftna a piece of dough; dough;
one's preparations for, prepare o.a. for
soft maaa, soggy mixture ; pl. ^L* 'ajä'in 3
V to be or become numerous, be manifold,
plastica
be multifarious, be multiple; to multiply,
J^j* 'ajini doughy, doughlike, paaty, increase in number, proliferate, be com-
paate -like pounded VIII to regard s.o., s.th.
(* », •

j^ww mi'jan pl. j»-l»* ma'äjin* kneading as), look {* a, • at s.o., at a.th. aa),

trough; kneading machine consider, think, deem {* *, • s.o., s.th.

to be s.th.); to reckon (lj with), rely (i_>

Oj*»** ma'jün pl. ö^^ ma'äjxn 2
paate,
upon); to put down (*, l-j a.th., J to
cream (cosmet.) ; putty electuary ; ; majoon
a.o.'a credit,
J# to a.o.'a disadvantage);
(confection made of hemp leaves, hen-

bane, datura seeds, poppy aeeda, honey

to hold (v J# against s.o. s.th.), take
exception (u J» to s.o. because of
and ghee, producing effects similar to
s.th.) ; to provide o.a., equip o.a. (i_>
thoae of hashish and opium) | Oj***
with); (of a woman) to obaerve the iddat,
üb- Vi tooth paate
or legally prescribed period of waiting,
üLmu mu'ajjanät (pot) pies, pasties before contracting a new marriage X to
get ready, ready o.a.; to stand pre-
lj£ 'ajwa pressed dates | *jj* ^'^»1 a paatry
pared, keep in readineas, stand by; to
made of rieh dough with almonds and
prepare o.a.; to be ready, willing, pre-
date paate (syr.)
pared (J for, to do a.th.)

J* 'adda u {'add) to count, number, reckon

.u. 'add counting, count; enumeration,
(» a.th., j- * s.o. among); to enumerate
listing; computation, calculation
(* s.th.); to compute, calculate (* a.th.);

to regard (* *, • s.o., s.th. as), look (* *, «a* 'udda readinesa, preparednesa ; —

at s.o., at a.th. aa), consider, think, (
pl. aj* 'udad) equipment, outfit;

deem (* *, • s.o., s.th. to be s.th.); — implement, instrument, tool; gadget,

pass. 'udda to be considered, go (* device, appliance, contrivance; rigging,
 ;

595 ^Jp

tackle, saÜs; harness (of a hone) | AU tude | '<ifi\ jo^J polytheism; oU-jjII jxJ
J 4J-1* 4»! or (a'odda) to make one's prep- t. az-zaujät polygamy
arationa for, prepare 0.8. for; *^lll ü-i* .U-l
iljie! i'tidäd confidenoe, reliance,
to make preparationa for s.tb. ; «pl—Jl So»

olockwork, watchwork
trust ( v in) |
«—Lj jLtaVl (bi-nafrihi)
self-confidence, self-relianoe
•4* 'täto number; (attritmtively:)
jlxc--! isti'däd readiness, wülingness,
several, numerous, many, e.g., ö-i* jL-j
preparedness; (pl. -ät) inclination, tend-
CüZdafun) many men, oij- «4* 'iddata
ency , disposition, propensity ; pre-
marrätin Beveral times ; iddat, legally
disposition (J for a diseaae), suscep-
presoribed period of waiting during
tibility (J to a diseaae); pl. conveniences,
which a woman may not remarry after
amenities, comfort J jl4*i-l ü5" to
being widowed or divorced (Isl. Law)
|
J*
be prepared, be set for...; to be ready,
j-U 'adad pl. jl.ul a'däd number, willing, inclined, in a position to...
numeral; figure, digit, cipher; quantity;
iplozJ iati'dädi preparatory
number, issue (of a newspaper) |
^U- j.u
(käss) apeoial number, special issue (e.g., jjj*. ma'düd countable, numerable,
of a periodical) calculable ; limited in number, little,

few, a few, some

jj-i* 'adadi numerical, numeral, rel-
ative to a number or numbers oJa* mu'addida (hjred) female mourner

-04* 'adxd (with foll. genit.) counted Xu mu'add deatined, intended (J for);
among or with; numerous; number; ready, prepared (J for, to do s.th.),

large quantity; equal | -U-i* iA* {'adad) willing ( J to do s.th.)

enormous quantity, great multitude olXu mu'adddt equipment, material,

£]li -Ü.U li* this equals that
matenel, gear ; applianoes, de vices,
>I-U 'addäd pl. -ät counter, meter (for implements, gadgets j
(L^L») Lj_^- olo»
electricity, gas, etc.) (Aarfei ya, 'aakartya) war material; 0I4*.
Jj_^-I m. al-hariq fire-fighting equipment
jIja« mi'däd pl. 4j.iL* Ttia'ädid1 abacus
r
jlxJ ia'däd counting, count; enumera- j4*i. muta addid manifold, multiple,
tion, liating; computation, calculation plural, numerous, varied, variegated, var-
|
ious, diverse, different; multi-, many-,
_r
l
Jü'^\ jIj*; t. al-anfus census

jlj* 'toMä" number, quantity

poly- (in Compounds) | L^U-'I jü m.
|
<J ^l-u ^ al-kaläyä multicellular (biol.) ;
^-IjJl jo-i.
{'idäda) innumerable, countless; jl-U J 7«. an-nawähi multifarious, variegated,
among, e.g., >j!-U j _>* he is counted
varied, manifold
among them, he is one of them
—
**- « muala'idd prepared, ready (J
j1j*I t'tföd preparation, readying, ar-
for); inclined, in a position (J to, to do
ranging, setting up, making, drawing
s.th.); predisposed (J for), susceptible
up, drafting
(J to, esp. to a disease)
jilj*l i'dädi preparatory j
öjl-ul äjl^i
f

(iaAöoa) certificate granted after complet- ,j-A* ooa« (coli.; n. un. "*) lentil(6)

ing four yearB of seoondary school (eg.) 5—4* 'aAwa pl. -ät lens; magnifying
glase; object lens, objective
iJ*j ta'addud variety, diversity, multi-
plicity, plurality, great number, multi- ^-U 'ao/wi lentioular
Jap 596

Ja* 'adala i ('adl, «IIa* 'addla) to aot justly, even, balanced; to be moderate, be tem-
equitably, with fairness | J-t Ja* to perate
treat everyone with indisoriminate justice,
Ja» 'adl straightness, straightforward-
not to disariminate between them; — nese; justice, impartiality; fairneas, eq-
'adala i to be equal (*, • to s.o., to s.th.),
uitableness, probity, honesty, uprigbt-
be equivalent (* to s.th.), be on a par
ness; equitable oomposition, just compro-
(*, * with), be the equal (• of s.o.),
mise; — (pl. JjO» 'udül) just, equitable,
equal, match (*, • s.o., s.th.), counter-
fair, upright, honest; person of good
balance, outweigh (* s.th.) ; to make
reputation, person with an honorable
equal, equaüze, level (<_j • s.o. with
reoord {Ial. Law); juristio adjunet as-
another), place (• s.o.) on the same level
signed to a cadi (JLfagr,); Vo» 'adian
or footing (i_j with another); — 'adala i
equitably, fairly, justly |
J-Ull j jj min-
(JjO* 'udül) to deviate, swerve, deflect,
ister of justice
turn away (Jl je from — toward); to
digress, depart, refrain, desist, abstain, Ja» 'adli forensio, legal, judicial, ju-

ridioal, juristio
avert o.a., tum away (je- from), leave
off, relinquish, abandon, renounoe, dis- Ja» *idl equal, tantamount, oorrespond-
claim, give up, forego, waive, drop (je-
ing; — (pl. Jlo»l a'däi, JjO» 'udül) either
s.th.) |
je- *j Ja» to make s.o. desist,
of the two balanced halves of a load
abatain or turn away from ; Jl »j^ut Ja» oarried by a beast of bürden; sack, bag
(bi-bafarihi) to let one's eyes stray to
or toward; — 'adula u (illo* 'adala) to be JjO» 'adil equal, lue, tantamount,
corresponding; (with foll. genit.) equal
just, fair, equitable II to straighten,
(toB.o.).ona par (with s.o.); (eg.; pl. JJIo»
make or put straight, set in order,
'adail) brother-in-law (husband of one's
array (* s.th.); to balance, right, rectify,
siBter)
put in order, straighten out, fix, settle,

adjust (* s.th.); to make (* s.th.) juBt; JjO* 'udül refraining, abstentlon, de-

to adapt (* s.th.) ; to change, alter, Bistance (je- from), forgoing, renuncia-

oommute, amend, modify, improve (*

tion, resignation, abandonment, relin-

s.th.); to modulate (* current, wavea; quishment (je- of s.th.) •

et.) III to be equal (*, * to s.o., to s.th.), «IIa* 'adäla justice, fairness, impartial-
be equivalent (* to s.th.), be on a par ity; probity , integrity, honesty, equi-
(*, • with), be the equal (• of s.o.), tableness; decenoy, proper conduet; hon-
equal, matoh (*, * s.o., B.th.), oounter- orable reoord (Id. Law)
balanoe, outweigh (* s.th.); to equate,
iJo» 'adliya justice, administration of
treat as equal (Joj — jo two persona
justice, jurisprudence iJaJI
| j jj min-
or things) IT to straighten, make or
ister of justice
put Btraight {* s.th.) T to he changed,
be altered, be oommuted, be modified, Jo»l a'dal* more regulär, more uniform
undergo modifioation, change or alter-
more balanoed ; juster, fairer, more
ation VI to be in a State of equilibrium,
equitable; more upright, more honest,
be balanced; to be equal, be on a par; more righteous

to offBet one another, strike a balance JjOjJ ta'dil straightening, straighten-

VIII to straighten (up), tense; to draw ing out, settling, setting right; — (pl.

o.s. up, sit straight, sit up; to be straight. ät) change, alteration, conunutation.
 697
r*
amendment, modification; settlement, gone, have disappeared; to disappear,
adjustment, regulation; improvement; vanish IV to cause (• a.o.) to miaa or
reehuffle (of the cabinet); modulation lack (> s.th.); to deprive (* • s.o. of
(el.) |
jjlj j JjO*J (wiz&ri) cabinet reahuffle i.th.); to destroy, annihilate, wipe out

*JiU* mu'ädala assimilation, approxi- (*, • a.o., a.th.); to ezeoute (• s.o.); to be

mation, adjustment, equalization, level- or become poor, be reduced to poverty,
ing, balancing, equilibration ;
beoome impoveriahed VII = pasa. I
balanoe,
equilibrium; equality; equivalence; even- ,
adam non-being,
l**u nonexistenoe;
nesa, proportion, proportionateneas, pro- nothing, nothingnesa, nihility ; lack, want,
portionality; equation (math.) absence; losa, privation; (with foll. genit.)

JjljJ ta'ädul balance, equilibrium; non-, un-, in-, dis- ; (pl. * loci a'd&m) nonen-
equality ; equivalence ; evenness, tity, nullity, banality, trifle j.£*^l *i+
pro* |

portion, proportionateneas, proportion- inattention, indifferenoe; ^L-^-VI *J»

ality; draw, tie (in aporta) j

ol^^l JiU noncompetency ; *y?jh fJ* non-being,
tie vote, equal number of votea nonexistence

J I u=* I i'tidäl straightneas, erectness, i/J* 'adami nihiliat

tenaeneas ; evenness, ey mmetry, pro- 5-.J* 'adamiya non-being, nonezist-

portion (e.g., of stature, of growth); ence; nihilism
moderatenesa, moderation, temperanoe,
jCU* 'adim not having, lacking, want-
temperatenesa; equinox |
Jloas^l c-r-
ing; deprived (of); devoid (of), without,
samt al-i. equinootial oolure (astrvn.)
-leBB.in-, un- (with foll. genit.) | 1U-I rj*
Jloifrl i'tidäli equinootial 'a, al-hayäh inanimate, lifeless; j]L}\ rj»
Jil* 'ädil juat, fair, equi table; up- unequaled, incomparable, onique
right, honest, Btraightforward, righteoua
*ljcl i'däm destruction, annihilation;
J-u* mu'addal average; average amount execution |
fta^L £J-I (Aufcm) death
or sum | ~4*jJ\ Jxu m. as-sur'a average sentence
Bpeed; J-U* as an average, on the <J\At.\ i'dämiya headcloth without
average
'iqäl (as a sign of mourning)
JiU. mu'ädil äqual, of equal status,
/•lo*jl in'idäm abaenoe, laok, non-
having equal rights
existenoe
J,>Ll* mitta'ädil balanced, neutral
jol* 'Win pl. fjlj* 'aw&dim* non-
J-u** mu'tadil straight, even, propor- existent, lost; unrestorable, irreolaim-
tionate, aymmetrical, harmonioua; mod- able; waste- (in Compounds); pl. waste,
erate, temperate; mild, dement (weath- refuse, soraps |
i-jUl «Lil sewage,
er) |
ÄJa=*ll Ükll (minfaqa) the Temper- aullage, waste water; JlU^I jolj* cotton
ate Zone waste; jm^I i^Jl unbübat al-'a. exhaust
pipe (automobile)
j»0* 'adima a ('udm, *adam) to be deprived,
be devoid, be in want, be deficient (* tj-u* ma'düm nonexistent, wanting,
of s.th.); to lack, not to have (* s.thl); lacking, abaent ; misaing ; lost ; gone,
to lose, miss (*, • s.o., s.th.); — pasa.
vanished

' Udima to be lacking, be misaing, be j.0*. mu'dim poor, destitute; impov-

abseilt, be nonexistent; to be lost, be eriahed.
o& 598

ja* 'adn Eden, Paradise; 'adan* Aden (city s.th.); to cross (* s.th., e.g., a river)
in southem Arabia) III to treat as an enemy (• s.o.), show
enmity (• toward s.o.), be at war, feud
üUm madin pl. ojL* ma'ödtn* mine;
(» with b.o.); to fall out (. with s.o.),
lode ; metal ; mineral ; treasure-trove,
contract the enmity (» of s.o.); to act
bonanza (flg.); (place of) origin, source |

hostilely (• toward s.o.); to counteract,

jjUll 1* 'Um cU-m. mineralogy; ,j>~z+\
disobey (*, • s.o., s.th.), act in Opposition
4J-U* to probe into b.o.'s very natura
(*, • to), contravene, infringe (* s.th.)
j.u* ma'dan (eg.; syr. ma'din) very
IV to infect (• s.o., j» with a disease)
goodl bravo well done! 1
V to cross, overstep (* s.th.); to traverse

J.U. ma' dinx metallic, mineral; oLJxJ.1 (* s.tb.); to exceed, transcend, surpass

mineralogy | J-u. »L mineral water (* s.th.), go beyond s.th. (*); to go

beyond s.th. {*) and turn one's attention
j. J*J ta'din mining of metals and
to s.th. eise (Jl), not to be limited to
minerals; mining, mining induatry
s.th. (*) but also to comprise (Jl B.th.
üUm mu'addin miner eise), extend beyond s.th. (*) to s.th.
eise Jl) ; t» overtake, pase, outstrip,
ulji« 'adnän 3 legendary ancestor of the North (

outdistance, leave behind (* s.th.); to

Araba
overcome, surmount (* s.th., e.g., a
e e
(jic) lop adä u ( adw) to ran, speed, gallop, crisis); to pasa on, sbift, spread (Jl to);
dash, race; to pass (*, • or j* s.o., a.th.)t to transgresa, infraot, violato, broak
go past s.o. or s.th. (*, * or ^); to give (* s.th., e.g., laws); to engage in brutal,
up, abandon, leave (*, • or j* S.O., hostile action, commit agression, a
B.th.) ; to pass over, bypass, omit { hostile act (Je against); to act unjustly
s.o.), not to bother (i_* • s.o. with), toward s.o.) to assail, aasault,
(Je ;

exempt, except (01 • s.o. from); to cross, attack, raid (Je b.o., s.th.); to infringe,
overstep, exceed, transcend (* s.th.), go
encroach, make inroads (Je upon) |
^-ul
beyond s.th. (*); to exceed the proper
4-ie (darb) to come to Möwe with
<^>j^\j
bounds; to infect (Jl s.o.); — u (j-ie
s.o., lay hands upon s.o. VI to harbor
r
'adw, 'udüw, »lo* ada, jlj-l* 'udwän,
mutual enmity, be hostile to one a not her,
"idwän) to engage in aggressive, hostile
be enemies VII to be infected (*_- with
aotion, commit an aggression, a hostile
a disease), catch an infection (j* by,
act (Je against); to act unjustly (Je
from) VIII to cross, overstep (* s.th.);
toward), wrong (Je s.o.); to aasail, as-
to exceed, tranBcend, eurpass (*
sault, attack, raid (Je s.o., s.th.); — u
s.th.),

go beyond B.th. (*); to act outrageously,

(j4e 'adw) to handicap, hamper, impede,
brutally, unlawfuUy (Je against); to
obatruet (je • s.o. in); to prevent, hinder
commit exeesses (J* against); to engage
(^ • b.o. from) |
»j_jl» lo* (faurahü) to
in aggressive, brutal, hostile action (Je
transcend one's bounds or Umits; j-i»; V
against), commit an aggression, a hostile
*i*i jl not to fail to do s.th. ; to do s.tb.
inevitably; . . . ö>£j öl j-Uj V it is no act (Je againBt); to act unjustly (Je
toward); to violate (Je a woman); to
more than..., it is only or merely...
II to cause to croas, overstep, exceed or assail, assault, attack, raid (Je s.o.,

transcend; to ferry ( b.o., over a river); s.th.), infringe, encroach, make inroads

(gram.) to make transitive (» a verb); to (Je upon), make an attempt on b.o.'s

give up, abandon, leave (*, • or ^ s.o., (Je) lifo X to appeal for assistance (•
 ;

to s.o. J* against) to ; stir up, rouse, incite li-Xm* ma'diya pl. il*. ma'ädin ferry,

(J* « s.o. against) ferryboat

lo* 'at&S, la* L or la* l(j /f-md 'add ijjj ia'diya ferrying, ferry Service;
(with foll. ac'c. or genit.) ezcept, save, eonversion into the transitive form
with the exception of, exoepting ... j Li {gram.)
iiilj l-ip besidea
J*j ta'addin crossing, overstepping, ex-
ja* 'orfto running, run, race (also in ceeding, transcending; overtaking, pass
sports) m8 ( e -g-. of an automobile); — (pl

ZjA* 'udioa oIjJjJ ta'addiyät) infxaction, violation,

side, slope (of a Valley),
bank, embankment (of a breach (e.g. ( of laws) , transgression,
river), shore
encroachment, inroad (Je on), infringe-
jOp 'adüw pl. »lapl a'dä', ^Op 'idan, ment of the law; offense against law,
'udan, Slip 'ui<3A, .slpl a'ädin, f. «jj* tort, delict {Isl, Law); attack, assault.
'adüwa enemy |
(oll, -bjj) ^jij jj* (Zod&J, aggression
aladd2 ) foe, archenemy
»I.&-I i'tida pl. -ät attack, assault,
*
*jj* adüwa fem. of j-U 'adüw raid, inroad (J* on), attempt (J* on
t$-i* *o<ßy acting hostilely, aggressive s.o. 's life), criminal attack (Je on)
outrage (J* upon); aggression
*lj#
(J*
'odd* enmity, hostility, antag- against; esp.poi.) | »l.tol/1 *4e (Jlul) SjuLm
onism, animosity; aggrossion
mu'ahadat {ittifäq) 'adam al-i't. pact of
jlo* 'adä'i hostile, inimical, antag- nonaggression
onistic, aggressive
jiLc 'öftn pl. jIjp 'awädin aggressive,
#1j* 'addä' runner, racer attacking, assailing, raiding; (pl. «lop

'udäh) enemy | ^j~J\ tplj* beasts of

^o*l a'dä: *\j»y\ ^OpI a. l-a'dä' the
prey, predatory animals
worst of enemies
IjjIp 'ädtya -&, jl_>a 'auödtn
iSj-** 'adwä infection, contagion; — wrong, offense,
pl.

misdeed, outrage,* ad-

'udwä hostile action
versity, misfortune, reverse; obstacle,
•jIop 'adäwa pl. -ät enmity, hostility, impediment, obstruction ; pl. vicissitudes
|

antagonism, animosity jlj* p^U oop ('a^a(} fate dealt them

heavy blows, they feil on evil days
»1j.u 'udawä ,i hindrance, handicap,
impediment; inconvenience, nuisance, jl** mu'ädin hostile, inimical, antag-
discomfiture |
#lj.ip jj rough, rugged, onistic
uneven; advcrse, discomfiting, incon-
J** mu'dt'n contagious, infectious g^l^l
venient; bad, poor (mount) |

ij-i** contagious diseases

üIjJp 'udwän, 'idwän enmity, hostility,
-Ui« muta'addin transitive (yram.); ag-
hostile action, aggression
gressor, assailant
jljOp 'udwäni: ij\jJ* i-L- policy of
aggression
oi« mu'tadin pl. -ün assailant, as-

sassin; aggressor {pol.)

^u* ma'dan escape, way out, avoid-
ance |
-o* &A»* ^ (ma'dä) inevitable, -j-U 'aduba u (ijip 'udüia) to be sweet,
unavoidable, inescapable pleasant, agreeable; — 'adaba i to
 600

hinder, handicap, impede, obstruct {• •jis 'udra virginity, virginhood; name

s.o.) II to afflict, pain, torment, try, of an Arab tribe |
«jis y\ = jis y\ see
agonize, torture, rack (* s.o.); to punish, above
chaatise, caatigate {* s.o.) T to be pun- tfjis 'udrl belonging to the tribe of
ished, suffer punishment; to feel pain, 'udra {see above)
Buffer; to torment o.e., be in ogony,
jjiJl (jijfJI {hawä) platonic love
be harasaed X to find (* s.th.) sweet,
jlis 'idär pl. jis 'udur cheek; fluff,
pleaaant, or agreeable; to tbink (* s.th.)
beautiful, nice
first growth of beard (on the cheeks);
cheekpiece (of a horse's harness) |
^U-
r
«-»is 'adb pl. L-*lis \däb sweet; pleaaant,
•jlis to throw off all restraint, drop all
agreeable öis »L> fresh water; <->i*
JU- unrestrain-
|
pretenses of shame; jliJl
,i-jji-l entertaining, arausing, companion-
ed, wanton, uninhibited
able, personable
»Ijis 'adrä n pl. <^jlis 'adärä virgin;
i_jlie 'adäb pl. -ät, «jisl a'diba pain,
»IjiJl Virgo (aetron.); the Virgin Mary
torment, suffering, agony, torture; pun- »Ijis !U# (fatäh) maiden, virgin
(Chr.) |

ishment, chastisement, caatigation

•ja« ma'fcra pl. jiU. ma'ädir* excuse,
Äjjis 'u^üia sweetness pardon
forgiveness,

i_jäcl a'dab* sweeter, more pleaaant,

jIÖjm mi'där pl. ./SU« ma'ädir' excuse,
more agreeable plea
^xö ta'dib affliction, tormenting,
jiJ ta'ad4ur difficulty, impossibility,
agonizing, torture, tortuxing ; punish- impracticability, unfeasibility
ment, chastisement, oastigation
jliipl i'tidär apology, excuse, plea

jis 'adara i ^udr, «ji« mo'^tra) to excuee, Tna'dür excused, justified, war-
jjö«
absolve from guilt (» s.o.), forgive
ranted; excusable
(je or j * s.o. s.th.) |
(jjio jl he wouldn't
jifti* muta'adgir diffioult, impossible,
let me give any excuses, he wouldn't
impracticable, unfeasible
take no for an ans wer, he kept insisting;
— 'adara i {*a4r) to circumcise (» s.o.)
öis '%4q pl. Jlisl a'rfäff bunch, Cluster {of
IV — I; to have an excuse |
jijl j* jisl dates, of grapes)
(man andara) he who wams is excused
V to be difficult, impossible, impracti- Jis 'a^oZa u Codi) to blame, censure, reprove,

cable, unfeasible (J* for) YIII to excuse

rebuke, reproach (» s.o.) II = I

o.s. , apologize (j* J or Jl to s.o. for Jis 'a$ blame, censure, reproof,

s.th.); to give or advance (<-> s.th.) as reproach

an excuse (je or ,>• for), plead s.th. (u>)
Jjj* 'adüi stern censurer, rebuker,
in defense of (je or ,>.) X to wish to be
severe critic
excused; to make an apology, excuse
Jjls 'ädtJ pl. Jli* 'uddäl, f. *)iU
o.a., apologize
'ä&ila pl. J ilj* 'öwädiZ 1 censurer, reprover,
jis 'vdr pl. jli*l a'där excuse [
jis- y) critic
abü 'u. (with foll. genit.) responsible for,
f
answerable for; jjW Ü* ji*- y} j* (jis and jis) lis- adä u and jis 'adiya a

(tafaunintr) he is the originator of this to be healthy {country, city; due to its

development climate, air, etc.)

 601
Vj»

jt. 'arra u to be a ahame, be a diagrace (*, • *aL> (map am) dining car, diner; i*j*
for s.o., for s.th.); to bring ahame or JLiLVI baby carriage; JiJl Ö_^ 'a, an-
diagrace (*, • upon s.o., upon s.th.), nagt wagon, lorry, van; freight car; Itjt.

diagrace, diahonor (*, • s.o., s.th.) piJI *a. an-naum eleeping car, sleeper; i*j*

mange düng
•b 'a. yad handcart, puahcart; wheel-
ijt. 'urra Scabies, ; ; a
diagraceful, shameful thing barrow

T
Vj* 'arabiya pl. -ät carriage, vehicle;
jjt. arar Scabies, mange
araba, coach; see J^
~*j** ma'arra ahame, diagrace, igno-
miny; ,j£j* 'arbaji pl. -xya coachman, cabman
stain, blemish, atigma
4>l*±jfr 'arbajfäna oar ahed, coach house
j** mu'tarr miserable, wretcHed sooun- ;

drei, rogue i-jI^ 'arräb godfather, Sponsor

<-jjt- II to Arabicize, make Arabic (*, • s.o.,

ijj* 'arräba godmother, Sponsor

s.th.); to tranalate ioto Arabic (* s.th.);

v'j*' a'räb an Arab of
ijlj*' a'räbi pl.
to express, voice, State clearly, deolare the desert, a Bedouin
(je s.th.); to give earneat money, give
'o.jjt- 'urüba Arabism, Arabdom, the
a handael, make a down paymeot IV to
Arab idea, the Arab charaeter
Arabicize, make Arabic (*, • s.o., s.th.),

give an Arabic form {* to s.th.); to make <_-jyü ta'rxb Arabicizing, Arahization;

piain or clear, State clearly, declare (je translation into Arabic ; incorporation (of

or * s.th.), expreas (unmistakably), utter, loanwords) into Arabio

voice, proclaim, make known, manifest, <_jijfrl i'räb manifeatation, declaration,
give to uoderstaod (je. s.th., esp. a proclamation, pronouncement, utterance;
sentiment), give expression (je- to s.th., expreBsion (je of a sentiment); desinen-
esp. to a sentiment) ; (gram.) to use tial inflection (gram.)
desinential inflection, prooounoe the
<->j** mu'arrib translator into Arabic
i'räb V to assimüate o.a. to the Arahs,
become an Arab, adopt the customa of i_^w mu'arrab Arabicized; translated
the Arabs X = V into Arabic

<-*jt. 'arab (coli.) pl. ^»jjt- 'urvb, ._j^l u/w mu'rab desinentially infleetive
a'rub, üiijt- 'urbän, «-"'j*' a'räb Arabs; (gram.)
true Arabs, Arabs of the desert, Bedouins
• musta'rib Arabiat
\}j- 'arabt Arab, Arabio, Arabiao; truly
Jjjt- 'arbada to be quarrelsome, be conten-
Arabic; an Arab; «-^' the 'Arabiya,
tious, pick quarreis; to be noisy, boiater-
the laoguage of the ancient Araba; clas-
oua, riotous, raise a din
Bical, or literary, Arabic

i>j* 'araba a awift ri ver ; (pl. -ät)

*<Xijt- 'arbada quarrelsomeneas, con-

carriage, vehicle, wagon, cart; (railroad) tentiousness ; noise, din, uproar, riot

car, coach; araba, coach | i^V <>jt- 'a. i-tj* 'irbxd quarrelsome, contentious;
al-ujra cab, hack, hackney; JS'VI ~**j-*a. noiay, boisteroua, riotous
al-akl dining car, diner; ^j lijt- 'a. raii
Jj^^w mu'arbid quarrelsome, conten-
water wagon, sprinkling wagon ; \j.
tious; noisy, boisterous, riotous
^r'jS'J' 1
cab, hack, hackney; y»iJI ~*j,j. 'a.
l

al-Sahn wagon, lorry; freight car; itj*. ^j-jjt- 'arbaaa toupset,disturb, confuse (»s.o.)
 602
Vj*

'arbana to give earnest money, give a Jljj* 'irzäl hut or ehack of the rural warden
{fjt.

handsei, make a down payment (. to a.o.) (usually in a tree or on top of a roof)

3
'urbün, 'arabün Oy'j* 'aräbin IV to
tfj* II {nejd.) to marry (^
Ojijt. pl. • s.o. to)

handsei, earneat money, down payment; arrange a wedding feast

pledge, pawn, gage iUjP
^y. 'urs, 'urus pl. ^j^ a'räa,

- y. 'urüj) to ascend, mount, 'uruaät marriage; wedding, wedding

'araja u {* jj*
rise; — 'arija a {'araj) to be lame, walk feast

lamely, limp, hobble II to turn <J* to, ^jb.

r
ira pl. ^j^ a'räs husband;
toward); to stop, halt, stop over (J* in,
wife ^jt. ^\ ibn 'irs pl. ^j- tjLj banät
]

at); to turn (j* off s.th.), swerve (j* 'ira weasel (zool.)

from); to lame, cripple, paralyzo (»

~<*j* 'iraa weasel
s.o.); to zlgzag, make zigzag (* s.th.)
^j* *urua bridegroom;
IV to lame, cripple, paralyze (• s.o.) tfjj* 'arüa pl.

V to zigzag, follow a zigzag course VII to f. (pl. ^pllj» 'arä'ia*) bride; doli; üUj^Jl

incline, lean, bend, curve ; to be or al-'arüaän bride and groom, the new-
become crooked, curved, bent, sinuous, lyweds |
J-dl ^j* *«• an-nil lotus

winding i-.jjP 'arüaa pl. 'arä'ia3 bride;

^r-j'j*

r-jP *araj lameness doli, baby doli ]

*»jJl *-jj* '« al-burqü"
metal tubes omamenting the veil of
^j*l a'rap, f. »U-^* 'arjä*', pl. ^y-
Muslim women
'urj, üU-yi 'urjän lame, limping; — jack
(in a deck of cards) _j y *aria bridegroom
rj** ma'raj pl. rjLw ma'ärip place ^jt- 'irria lair of a lion, lion's den

of ascent ; (route of ) asoent

±jc. 'aroSa i u to erect a trellis (* for grape-
rjA* mi'raj pl. rjU* ma'ärif ladder,
vinea), train on a trellis or espalier, to
stairs trellis, to espalier (* vines) II to roof

-1^*- mi'raj pl. £jl*- ma'ärif ladder, over (a s.th.)

stairs; tne midnight journey to

r}j»&\ J,jt> 'ari pl. ^jj* *urüi, J>\j*\ a'räa'
the seven heavens (made by Mohammed throne; tribe {magr.)
on the 27th of Rajab, from Jerusalem) |
f
j±jc ariS pl. Jj* 'wruS t Jt\j.
plydl ÜJ lailat al-m. the night of Mo-
'arffiS1 arbor, bower; hut made of
hammed's ascension to the seven heavens
twigs; booth, shack, ehanty; trellis (for

£jLj ta'ärij* (pl.) curvee, curvatures, grapevines); shaft, carriage pole

bends, turns, twiste, windings, Binuos-
^^1 El Arish (town in N Egypt, on
ities; wavy lines, serpentines
Mediterranean)
r-^J ta'arruj zigzag (course)
mJ^ ta'rUa pl. ^jUl ta'äriS
1
'*±i trellis,

rj*^ muta'arrij winding, twisting, lattice-work arbor^ bower

;

tortuous, sinuous; zigzag

^y. 'arisa a {'araa) to be lively, gay, merry
rj^* munarij crooked, curved, bent,

winding, twisting, tortuous, sinuouB "k^jS. 'araa pl. 'araaäl, ^j^ a'räa

vacant lot; courtyard, court of a house

rj*~» mun'araj pl. -ät bend, turn, curve,

twist, angle (of roads, etc.) ,-*»*• mu'arros pimp, procurer; cuckold
 603
J*S
X
xj*j* 'anufa u to be or beoome wide, broad, (J s.o., s.th.), stand up (J against), raise
to widen, h enden; — 'aratfa i (*ar4) objeotions, objeet (J to); to face (Js.th.,
to becomo visible, appear (J to s.o.); to e.g., a problem) to interfere ( J with), med-
;

get in a.o.'e (J) way; to happen (J to dle (J in); to put one's mind, turn one's
s.o.), befall (J s.o.); to ooeur (J to s.o.), attention (J to), go into s.th. (J, e.g.,
come to s.o.'a (J) mind; to turn (J to a topio); to undertake (J B.th.), embark
s.o., to s.th.); to take care (J of), conoern (J upon s.th.); to expose o.s., be exposed,
o.a. (J with), turn one's attention, put be subjeeted (J to s.th.); to run the risk
one'fl mind, apply o.s., attend (J to), go (J of), risk (J doing or being s.th.);
in (J for), go iuto s.th. (J), enter, embark to dare, venture, risk (J B.th.) VI to
(J upon), take up, treat (J s.th.), deal oppose one another; to be contradio-
(J with); to ahow, demonstrate, präsent, tory, conflict, be incompatible (** with)
set forth, display, exhibit, lay open, VIII to betake o.a., go, present o.a. {* to
submit, turn in
(J* * s.th. to s.o.), lay, a.o.); to raise an objeetion, make ob-
put (J* * s.th. before s.o.); to show jeetiona, objeet
(J» to), veto (J» s.th.),
(* e.g., a film), stage (* e.g., a play); to remonstrate, protest
(J* against); to
offer,suggest, propose oppose (J*
(J* * s.th. to resist, s.o., B.th.); to stand
to subjeet up
(J* * s.th. to a oritical
s.o.); (J or >, • against b.o., against B.th.),
examination, and the like); to inspeot stand in, or obetruet, the way of b.o.
(* s.th.); to review (> troops), pass in or s.th. (J or *, •); to hinder impede,
review (* s.th., also before one's mental obstruet (J b.o.); to happen (• to s.o.),

eye); pass. 'uritfa to be or go mad, befall (» b.o.) | *L^ ^j*l to block

insane |
,j>jL *1 ^ijt. an öbstacle arose s.o. 's way X to ask to be shown (• s.o.,

in bis path; ^UU- *J ^ijt- a thought * s.th.); to pass in review (> s.th., esp.

ooeured to him, he had an idea II to in one's imagination, before one's mental

make wide or broad, widen, broaden, eye), call up, conjure up, call to one's

exten d (* s.th.); to expose (J *, • s.o., mind, picture to o.a., visualize {* B.th.);

s.th. to s.th., esp. to risk; J > s.th. to to weigh, consider, examine (* s.th.);

the sun); to intimate, insinuate (J or to ins pect, review (* troops); to ex-

pound, set forth to prooeed
V s.th.), allude (J or <_> to), hint (J or (* s.tb.);

V a*) I J>^ <<j* to hold B.th. against

ruthlessly; to masaacre without muoh
the light III to offer resistance ado {* the enemy)
{*, * to
s.o., to s.th.), resist (*, • s.o., s.th.), r
ar4
,j>j* pl. tjijjs- 'wrÜ4 breadth;
work against s.o. or s.th. {*, *); to width; presentation, demonstration, Stag-
contradiot, oppose (>, * s.o., s.th.), raise ing, show(ing), Performance; display,
objeetionsj protest, remonstrate {*, • exposition, exhibition; Bubmission, fiüng
against s.o., against s.th.); to be against (e.g., of an application); proposition,
s.o. or B.th. (>, *); toavoid, shun {>, • s.o., proposal, offer, tender; parade; review
B.th.); to compare (<_> * s.th. with) IT to {mil.) ; merchandise, goods ,j>yJlj
|

turn away, avert o.a. (je from), avoid, across, crosswise, in breadth; i_ ILflj ^^JyJl

shun (j* s.o., s.th.), shirk (j* s.th.),give (falab) supply and demand; »IjjV'^j*
up, abandon, relinquish, disoard, re-
f
o. al-ozyä* fashion show; JL- ^^ r
a.
nounce, disclaim (j* B.th.) ; not to mention häl or Jl>^ pl. oVl>j* f
ar<jiuhälät
t^es.th.); Jl je o"J^ *° turn away from application, petition, memorial; Ja*-
s.th. and to T to resist, oppose
s.th. eise
(**-J J ) Ä»# (darajat) al-'a. degree
u+j*^
J** 604

of latitude; ^-iyJl ilL-i hibbäk al-'a. show &*jj* *orü4% proBodio(al), metrioal
window; ,j>^*JI
^ yaum ai-'a. the Day
^^üj* *ar# pl. ^jf- *iräd broad, wide;
of Judgment, Doomsday
extensive, vaat
j-ij* 'af^I croes- (in oompounds),
Ä*ajjft 'arida pl. yjiu^j* 'artfüf* petitiou,
transverse, horizontal | ^j* J*»> (&a#)
application, memorial
latitudinal degree, geographica! latitude
,_r*j** ma'rid pl. ,j*jl** ma'ürid* place
jjrij* '\r4> pl. ,j>lj*' a'rdd honor,
where s.th. is exhibited or displayed;
good repute; dignity ^iLi^* j Ul I rely
|
showroom, stage; exposition, exhibition;
on your generosity, have mercy upon
show; fair (com.); (with foll. genit.) time,
mel
oocaaion for s.th. |
^j** j (with foll.

(jrij* 'ur4 aide; middle |

j*J\ ^ij* j genit.) in the form of ..., in ... manner;
('«. il-bahr) mt sea, on the high seas; on the ocoasion of, at the ooourrence or
J*jU-I ^yijf *j (<•?>./-*) JJl to undervalue, appearanoe of; ... ^j** j ü^/1 l-J
Boom, diadain, despise, reject fl.th.; to (laanä) with foll. verbal noun: this is

ruin, thwart, foil s.th.; to throw a.th. not the place for us to . . . ; ^j** j L-J
overboard, jettison s.th. ; ^jj. j* *JI ^lii j» ^^11 let us not speak of . . . now, this is

('an 'vrdin) he looked askance at him, not the place to speak of . . . ; »LjVl ,j>/**
he gave him a slanting glanoe (con- m. aX-axyX fashion show; .Jim_J1 u"j**
temptuously) ; ^Ul
^0^. j amid the m. Of-fuhuf preas review
crowd of people; ^IJl ^0^. j, jM he
^j** mCrad wedding gown
belongs to the common people
^Ijm mi f
r&4'. 4.^"^!^** j JU (m.
iJLij* 'ardänl transversal, transverse,
kaiämihl) to mention caaually, say among
latitudinal; measured crosswise
other things
f
^>j* ora<f pl. j>^l a'räd acoident
,j+lj*> fa'rlff intimation, allusion, hint,
(philo*.); contingent, nonessential ohar-
indioation
acteriatio; s.th. nonessential, a con-
4m»jL* mu'drada Opposition (esp. pol,);
tingent, s.th. aocidental; symptom, mani-
resistance, oontradiotion, remonstranoe,
featation of disease; Lij* 'aradan, ^>^Ij
incidentally, by chance objeotion, exception, protest; O resist-

ance (ei.)
j-ij* *aradi acoidental (philo».), non*
,j>ljftl i*rä4 shunning, avoidanoe, eva-
essential, unessentiaJ; inoidental, ao-
cidental, contingent, fortuitous, caaual;
sion; reluctance |
^>'j*-l j reluctantly

oL-ij* 'aro^fydi unessentiaJ incidents, ,j>jIm ta'ürv4 conflict, clash, antag-

nnessentials; acoidentaia | 5_>j* i^Li onism, oontradiotion, oontrariety
venial ain (CAr.)
,ji\S*\ i'tir&4 pl. -ät resistanoe, Oppo-
l^j» 'wda target ; (object of ) intention, sition, objection, exception, oounter-
intent, deaign; objeot (J of); exposed, argument, counterasaertion, counterblast,
subjeot(ed), liable (J to s.th.); (with riposte, rebuttal, rejoinder, expostu-
foU. genit.) soitable for, fitting for, lation, remonstrance, protest; (right of)
r
appropriate for veto (Ist. Law) J
^Ij^Vl J*- haqq al-i t,

^j*jj*'arü$ prosody;
last foot of the first hemistich
(pl. ^ jl*l a'&rid

^jyJI
1
)
(right of) veto (pol.)

|
i*> i^lj^cJ vti'rä4 examination, survey;
'Um al-'a. metrica, prosody parade, review; revue, muaical show
 605
"-»J»

^Ij^c-I wffrö# revue-, show- (iu ence, find out {* B.th.); to recognize,
Compounds), revue-Iike J
47ri\J»z*\ i#y acknowledge («_» s.th., * B.th. as being
(Jirya) show troupe; revue tronpe; right ; * * s.th. as) ; to concede, ac-
^I^aI^I ii film musioal knowledge (<J a s.th. to s.o.), allow
(J m for a.th. in s.o.); to approve (* of);
^jLp 'dr# pl. -ün exhibitor (e.g., at
a fair); demonstrator; — (pl. ^jjj*
to distinguish, differentiate (j* *, • b.o.,

s.th. from); pass. 'urifa to be known

'awäri^ 3 ) obstacle, impediment, obstruc-
(«_» as, by the name of) | *i^A\ J*- J>j*
tion; temporary disturbance, anomalous
(haqqa l-m.) to know for sure, be Bure
condition (physically); attack, fit, apell;
(of), be positive (about); J-^J-I J cij*-
s.th. accidental, s.th. nonessential, an
*— jLijUI she was grateful to him, she appreciated
accidont; aide of the face;
his service, she gratefully acknowledged
the cheeks |
,>,*jUt <Ja^jp- k. al-'ärifain
his service II to announce (* * to s.o.
having a sparae beard; Jj^UI ^jl* j s.th.), inform, adviBe, appnse (* • s.o.
in the middle of the road
of), acquaint {* « s.o. with a.th.); to
<*ij\s-'ärida pl. -ät woman demonstrator, introduce (Jl or u> • s.o. to s.o. eise),
woman exhibitor; — {pl. j^jlj* 'awäriij, 3 ) have (• s.o.) meet (Jl or <~> s.o. eise),

aide of the face; doorpost, jamb; cross- pressnt (<_> • s.o. to s.o. eise); to define
beam, transom; joist, girder; ,
purlin; {* a.th.); to determine, apecify, oharac-

O anode (el.) |
3->jUJI *j£ qüwat al-'ä. terize, explain (* s.th.); {gram.) to make
eloquence; »UjV *~#j\s- mannequin definite {* a noun); (Chr.) to confesa

,j>jl* 'äridl accidental, casual, occa- (* a penitent), hear the confession (•

sional of s.o.) V become acquainted (^ or

to

Jl, also J* with s.o.), meet (^ or Jl a.o.) t

yj*jj** ina'rüd pl, ^äJjU« ma'ärifö
make the acquaintance of a.o. (u> or Jl);
exposition, report ; memorial, petition,
to make o.s. known, disclose one'a iden-
application ; — pl. -ät propositions,
tity, reveal o.s. (J! to s.o.); to acquaint
proposals, offers, tenders; exhibits, ex-
o.b., famüiarize o.s.
(
J* or Jl with), get to
hibited articles
know (Jp or Jl B.th.); to sound, explore
^jU. mu'ärid adversary, Opponent, (* s.th.); to trace, diaoover, uncover (*

antagonist, opposer; contradicter s.th.); (gram.) to be or beoome definite

(noun) VI to become acquainted with one
,j+j^* mu'tari4 running or Iying
another, become mutually acquainted,
across, transversal, traneverse ; ad-
get to know each other; to becorae ac-
versary, Opponent, antagonist, opposer;
quainted (<_< with); to come to know
contradicter; resistance (el.) |
<~*jU* *L^
{* s.th.), learn {* about) VIII to confesa,
(jumla) parenthetical clause, parenthe-
admit, acknowledge, own, avow (* s.th.);

to recognize (^ s.o., s.th.), grant recog-

t
2
*J z
iS
urd% (from Turk. ordu) military en- nition (t_j to s.o., to s.th.); to ooncede,
campment, army camp acknowledge (J ^ s.th. to s.o.); to make
a confession, to confesa (Chr.) Jjj^l
J
t_j^ 'arafa i (Äiyw ma'rifa, jli^ 'irfän)
J?*J-l) to be grateful X to discern, reo*
to know (*, » s.o., s.th.); to recognize,
ognize (* s.th.)
perceive (*, * s.o., s.th.); to be cogni-
zant, be aware (* of s.th.), be acquaint- J»j* 'arf fragrance, perfume, scent,
ed (* with s.th.); to diacover, experi- aroma
 : ;

606
^J*

Jtjf. 'urf beneficence, kindness; custom, vereant (i_j with), more expert, more
usage, practice, Convention, tradition, vereed (<^> in); a better coonoisseur (<_j

habit; legal practice; cuBtom, customary of); (f. *\ij* 'arfä'*) having a crest or
law (jur.); (pl. «jl^l a'räf) crest, comb mane, crested, maned
(of arooster), mane (ofahorse) | *>jt. j Üj*. ma'rifa pl. «JtjL- ma'ärif 1 knowl-
as was his wont, according to his habit;
edge, learning, lore, information, skill,
in hia opinion; ^.L-JlüyJl (siyäsi) pro-
know-how; Cognition, intellection, per-
tocol
ception, experience, realization; gnosis;

Jjt- *urf\ traditional, conventional, acquaintance, cognizance, conversance,

usual, common, customary, habitual; versedness; an acquainted person, an
pertainjng to eecular legal practice (as acquaintance, a friend; (gram.) definite
opposed to Sar'i); private, unofficial (as noun; pl. «J»jl*l! cultural affairs, educa-
opposed to Tcumi) |
ji/Jl *p-l (hukm) tion | *o*r by, through (after the
martial law; «-»W f£*-Vl do.; *J/* ^* passive); Äijmi.\ *- knowingiy, deliberately
(mahkama) court- martial (jur.) ; «-*j**^ *-JjL*i' j jj ('umümiya)

r
minister of education; <*j* j «i_^* j& }
ijvjt- 'arif pl. A>j* urafä' 2 knowing
(qaumihl) he was unknown among his
{*_> s.tb.), cognizant, aware (*_j of s.th.);
people
expert, authority , specialist ; teaching
assistant, monitor (an older pupil aa- <J»jl** ma'ärif 9 face, countenance,
sisting the teacher of a Koran school); features

Bergeant {Ir.); corporal (C7.i4.it); ^-xlj

tjuyö ta'rif pl. -ät, *J«ijL« ta'ärff*
•U^aJI a military rank, approz.: master
announcement, notification, communi
Sergeant (Ir., Syr.); <J*ij* «_-TÜ approx.
caL'on, information; Instruction, direo
corporal (Ir.); (pl. uU^*. 'irfän) teacher,
tion: 'social) introduction; definition,
esp. a teacher and precentor of congre-
dotermumtion, identification, Bpecifica
gational einging (Copt.-Chr.)
tion, i-haim-terization; a rendering def-

«J»l^« 'arräf diviner, fortuneteller inite (gram.) | iJu^cll iljl adät at-t.

(gram.) the definite article ; «iLU

**\j* 'arräf a pl. -ät (woman) fortuneteller
iJujoill identity cant
Ul^ 'iräfa fortuneteller*s trade; for-
"*JujmJ la'rifa notification, information,
tunetelling, divination
appriaing; — (pl. -ät, iJujlw ta'ärlf1 )

<^>{jjt. 'arafät Arafat, name of a moun- tarifF; price list

tain and adjacent piain, located four

JtjM ta'arruf acquaintance (*_> or Jl
houre' distance east of Mecca, where the
with) ; exploration, study ; Cognition,
Mecca pilgrims spend the Qth day of
knowledge, perception, realization
Zu'lhijja
Jilj^pl i'tiräf recognition, acceptance;
otij* 'irfän Cognition, knowledge, per-
acknowledgment, avowal, admission,
ception; recognition, acknowledgment |
confession; (Chr.) confession |
i_j lilj^l in
J^*i-1 üLijj gratitude, thankfulness ; uÜ^*
recognition of; J-J-Ij JiljklM (bi-l-jamil)
jlkil '». al-fail do.
gratitude, thankfulness; «jlJ^Vl y\ ahn
»J»^l a'raf* knowing better (»-> s.th.), l-i't. father-confessor, confessor (Chr.)
more cognizant, more knowledgeable «J» I
J*-^ I
j* sirr al-i't. sacrament of
(l^ of), better acquainted, more con- penance (Chr.); »jl^Vl i** mu'aüim
 . ;

607
Jj*

al-i't. father-confessor, confessor (Chr.); root; LJJI 3j* 'i. an-nosä aciatica (med.);
jl tJljT*^! ^ itmustbeadmittedthat..., J^JI i_-L ^»6 al-'i. noble descent; ^„nU
admittedly . . . jj^ll fayyib
f
al- %. of noble descent, high

<J»j^ 'Art/ acquainted, conversant,

born; ^Uj Ji^JI (dasms) blood will teil,

familiär
what is bred in the bone will come out
(i^. with); connoisseur, ezpert;
master (tun,)
in the fleah; Jj+i aJ ^^i to have a
share in s.th., participate in a.th.
üjl* 'ärifa (syr.) sage, wise man (of
a village or tribe) 3j* 'araq sweat, Perspiration; arrack,
a strong colorleas liquor made of raisins,
«J»jj— ma'rüf known, well-known; milky white when diluted with water
universally acceptod, generally reoog- (esp. syr.; = eg. zabib) J
hjii\ j^ *
a .

nized; conventional ; that which is good, al-qirba pains, toil, exertion; jjlUj 3j*
beneficia], or fitting, good, benefit; (zahldwi) a well-known brand of arraok
fairness, equity, equitableness ; kindness,
made in Zahlö (Lebanon)
friendliness, amicability; beneficence;
favor rendered, courtesy, mark of friend-
üjt- 'araqa transom between two
layers of stone or brick
ship; active voice (gram.) |
cjj^l» or
cJj^-j in (all) fairness; with appropriate aSj* 'araqiya (eg.) white cotton skull-
courtesy, in a friendly manner, amicably cap (often worn under the tarboosh)
J>jj*L\ _^~U ungrateful; jl J>jj»i\ it is
r
«'> aräqa deep-rootedness; ancient
(well-) known that..., asis well-known...;
ancestral line, old family ,_ ,„; l
j «I .*
it is commonly held that..., itis generally j |

(naaab) noble descent

understood that . .

*J'>- 'arräqiya (eg.) white cotton

«JjLc* muta'äraf or 4_lp cjj^ common,
skullcap (often worn under the tar-
usual, customary; commonplace, trivial,
boosh)
trite, hackneyed, banal
jijt 'ariq deep-rooted |
f-UII j jjj*
«JjU. mu'tarif confessor (in the
(qidam) ancient ; centuried, centuries-
hierarchy of saints; Chr.)
old; ~<Aijt. iLV ^ from an old, respectable
ai tjji" mu'taraf bihi recognized, ac- family; <_—JI Ji_^ 'a. an-naaab of noble
cepted, admitted, granted, approvcd-of, descent, highborn
licensed, authorized
jl^l al-'iräq Iraq; JÜI_^JI al-'iräqän
Baara and Kufa
Jjc- 'ariqa a (araq) to sweat, perspire II to
make or let (* s.o.) sweat, promote ji_^- 'iräql Iraqi, Iraqian; (pl. -ün)
Perspiration; to add water (m to a drink), an Iraqi
dilute (* a drink); to take root, strike
j/cl a'raq 2 more deep-rooted
roots ; to be deeply rooted ; to vein,
marble (* s.th.) IV to take root, strike Jjj— ma'rüq gaunt, emaciated, lean
roots V = IV (face, hand, etc.)

3j* Jja« mu'arriq sudorific, promoting

'irq pl. 3jj* *urüq root; atem (of
a plant, of a loaf); vein Perspiration
(bot., anai.);
hereditary disposition; race, stock, de- Jj— mu'arraq veined; mu'riq firmly
scent i^jiJl 3jt- 'i. ad-dahab ipecac, rooted
| j»AJÜl j 3j** (mu'riq, qidam) very
ipecacuanha (bot.) ; ^j* ^ '%. aus licorice
|

old, ancient, centuried, centuries-old

Jj*

i_jj* *arqaba to hamstring (* an animal) (jt II to heap up, pile up, Stack (* s.th.)
VIII to be vicious; to be stubborn, ob-
uJ^ 'urqüb pl. i—jIj* 'ardgtft 8 Achil-
Btinate, headstrong
les' tendon; hamstring; 'urqub name of a

famed liar |
i^yij* ^ i^ÄTl a greater *j* 'arim vicious ; strong, violent,

liar than 'Urqüb vehement, powerful, terrific; dam, dike |

j*j* J^j? (jaiS) numerous, huge army

Jjj^ 'urgübi false, deceitful (promise)
Aj* 'uräm viciousness (of character);
Jiyt 'arqala to render difficult, complicate, violence, vehemence Aj* J~- (sail)
|

handicap, hinder, hamper, encumber,

huge quantity, tremendous flood
impede, obBtruct, delay (*, » s.o., a.th.),
\»j* 'urma pl. 'uram heap, pile,
throw obstacles in the way of s.o. or f^*
bulk, mass, large amount, multitude
s.th. (*, •); {tun.) to seize, confiscate,
impound (* s.th.) II ta'arqala to be aj,jc 'arama pl. *j* 'aram heap, pile,

aggravated, rendered difficult, be or bulk, mass, large amount, multitude

become complicated, be hindered,
fjlp 'ärim viciousjtempestuous, violent,
hampered, encumbered, impeded, ob-
vehement, strong tremendous, enormous,;

structed, handicapped, delayed

huge
tljje. 'arqala impeding, hindering, en-
vehement
cumbering; — (pl. JJlj* 'aräqiP) en-
tjAj* 'aramram strong, violent,
huge army
|

(j*j* criT 0'°*0 a numerous,

cumbrance, impediment, hindrance; ob-
staclo, difficulty, handicap üjc 'urun thicket; lair of a
{jj* 'arin pl.
lion, lion's den
iij* 'araka u (ark) to rub (* s.th.); to
turn, adjust {* the knobs of a radio, and Cjjt. 'arina pl. Jl_^ 'arä'in
2
lair of a

the like) ; to play havoc (* with), damage wild animal

severely (* s.th.); — 'arika a to be
t>jjt 'irnin pl. Ü^Lf* 'aränin upper
3

strong in battle, be a tough fighter

part of the nose, bridge of the nose
III to fight, struggle, contend {• with
s.o.) VI to engage in a fight, fight one ^.Üyt r irnds pl. ^Ij* 'crom*8 distaff ^U/» |

another VIII = VI Sji '». dura cornoob (syr.)

lij* 'ark experience (gained through (jyt) \jc 'arä u ('arw) and VIII to befall,

suffering) grip, seize, strike, afflict (* s.o.), come,

combat descend (• upon s.o.), happen (• to s.o.);

'Sjt. 'arka fight, struggle, battle,
to take possession (» of s.o.)
äSo^p 'arika disposition, frame of mind,
ijj* 'urwa pl. (jj* 'uran buttonhole;
temper, natura
loop, noose, coil; ear, handle (of a jug,
*T,a* mä'raka, ma'ruka pl. iijU« ma-
and the like); tie, bond, e.g., ülx-Jl ^j*
*ärik* battlefield; battle
'u. $-$adäqa bonds of friendship ; support,
lilj* 'iräk struggle, fight, strife, battle, prop, atay |
JJjJl äj^JI {tmttqä} the firm,
combat reliable grip or hold, the firm tie

*T,U. mu'äraka struggle, fight, strife,

(C* 'ariya a (ury, Äj_^ *urya) to be naked,
battle, combat nude; to be free, be bare (j* of) | ^ tjj*

iijiw mu'tarak fighting ground, battle <uLJ (j,* or) to take off one's clothea,

ground strip (naked), undress, have no clothes

 j*

on; ^Ul JTj^. tfjt. (asäs) to be oompletely reinforce, fortify, solidify, consolidate
unfounded, be without any foundatioa make s.th. strong, powerful, mighty
s.th.,

II to disrobe, unclothe, undress (• s.o.); IV to make strong, strengthen, fortify,

to bare, denude, lay bare, unoover reinforce, invigorate, harden, steel (*, •

(* B.th.); to strip (*»LJ j. * s.o. of bis s.o., sth.); to love (*, . s.o., s.th.); to
clothes); to deprive, divest, strip (j* * honor (*, • s.o., s.th.); to esteem, value,
s.o. of s.th.) prize (*, * s.o., s.th.); to make dear,
r endear {*, • b.o., s.th.) V to be or become
iSj* ury nakedness, nudity; un-
strong, powerful, mighty, forceful,
saddJed (horae)
strengthened, fortifled, reinforced, in-
*ijt. 'wrya nakedness, nudity vigorated, hardened, solidified, Con-
solidated; to be proud, boast (<_» of),
*\j* 'arä* nakedness, nudity; bareness;
pride o.s„ glory, exult
open spaoe, open oountry |
»l_^)I j in the ( v in) VIII to

open feel strong or powerful («_. due to,

air, under the open sky, outside,
outdoora; because of); to be proud, boast (<_•
»l_^JI j r/-* (mturah) open-air
theater of), pride o.s., glory, exult ( v in); to
arrogate to o.s. ( v s.th.) X to overwhelm,
ü\jjf. 'wryän pl. U^* 'aräyä naked, overcome (J* s.o.); to become powerful,
nude, undressed, bare |
iL üL^* (malt) mighty, respected, honored, be exalted;
stark- naked (eg.)
to make or hold dear, value highly,
esteem
O V^iv* 'vrydnlya nudism (• s.o.)

tijUil al-ma'äri the uncovered parte J* 'in might, power, Standing, weight;
of the body (hands, feet, face) atrength, foroe; honor, glory, high rank,

jl* 'drin pl. l\jt- 'ur&h naked, nude,

fame, celebrity, renown
f
U> Her High-
ness (title); *Li j* j (Sabäbihi) in the
undressed, bare; free, devoid, destitutc,
prime of his youth
bare, deprived, denuded (j*
stripped,
or j* of s.th.); blank, bare (e.g., a *jt- 'ixza might, power, standing,
room), stark (e.g., a narrative) |
^jU weight; strength, force; honor, glory,
l-loil/l barefoot(ed), unshod high rank, fame, celebrity, renown;
pride power, might;
. 'azza i (*izz, ij* 'izza, »Jl^* 'azäza) to be
|
t.JU-1 Ij*.
V^' •>"
r
(qaumiya) national pride; lJJd\ '»je. i.
or beoome strong, powerful, respected;
an-nafs sense of honor, self-respect, self-
to be or become rare, scarce, be scarcely
esteem; :j*Jl <_*-L* title of a bey
to be found; to be or become dear,
cherished, preoious
(J* tos.o.); Ol 4-1* _)* j_j* *aziz pl. »lj*l a'izzä'*, Ij*l a'izza
he is sorry that...; to be hard, diffioult mighty, powerful, respected, distin-

(J» for to hurt, pain (J* s.o.), be

s.o.); guished, notable; strong; noble, es-
painful
(J* for s.o.), be hard (J* on teemed, venerable, august; honorable;
§.o.) II to make strong, strengthen, rein- rare, scarce, soarcely to be found; diffi-
force, fortify, corroborate, confirm, solid- cult,hard (J* for); precioua, coatly, val-
ify, invigorate, harden, advance, support uable; dear, beloved
(Jp to), cherished,
(*, » s.o., s.th.); to consolidate (* s.th,); valued (J* by); friend; ruler, overlord
|

to honor
tf .>> my dear! (esp. as a salutation in
{* b.o.); to raise in esteem,
elevate, ezalt {» s.o.); to make dear, letters); t-JU-t J-_j* mighty, powerful,
endear (# s.o.) | «JL- jj*. to strengthen, strong
 810
j*

j*l a'azz 2 mightier, more powerful; Js?lj> 'izrä'iP Azroel, the angel of death
Btronger ; dearer, more beloved ; t$j*)l
Jtjt.'azafa i {'azf) to play (Jp on a musical
al-'uzzä a goddess of the pagan Ärabs
Instrument, * tunes); to play (J to or
»y* ma'azza esteera, regard, affection, for s.o.), make music (J for s.o.); — i u
love ('azf, J»jj* '*««/) to turn away (jt from

atrengthening, con- become averae (jp to s.th.), avoid,

jjü ta'ziz pl. -ät s.th.),

aolidation, support, backing shun (jt- s.th.), abstain, refrain (jl from
doing s.th.)
Jljtl i'zäz atrengthening, fortification,

reinforcement, conaolidation; love, af- J»jj* 'azüf disinclined, averse (jt to

fection, esteem, regard s.th.)

jljici i'tizäz pride (i_* in) ,J»Ja. mi'zaf pl. ijjl*» ma'äzif* stringed

s** mu'tazz proud; mighty, powerful

instrument ; O piano
ijjlp 'äztf player, (musical) performer
^> 'azaba i u (vjJ* 'utüb) to be far, be

diatant (jt. from); to slip, eacape {jt. iij^w ma'züfa pl. -ät piece of music,

s.o. 's mind) j

jUi^l j* «-rV*
to b6 f° r- Performance, recital (on an instrument)
gotten, sink into oblivion; — 'azaba u
j> 'azaqa i ('azg) to hoe, dig up, break up,
(ö> 'uzba, <tjj* 'uzüba) to be Single,

unmarried loosen (^jVl al-arfa the soil)

«_;j* 'azab pl. l_*!j* 'uzzäb, «-^'j*' a'zäb *j*a mi'zaqa pl. jjU- ma'äziq* hoe,
oelibate, Single, unmarried; bachelor mattock

*jj* 'izba pl.^J* '*ro6 (ep.) country Jj* 'azala i {'azl) to remove, set aside,
estate, farm rural eettlement
;
isolate, separate, segregate, dctach, cut

bachelorhood off (jp *, • s.o., s.th. from); to depoee

ÄjJ* 'uzba celibacy;
(• s.o.), release, dismiss, discharge (• s.o.
IjjJ* 'uzüba celibacy; bachelorhood
- - jp 'on maTifibihi of his office)

«_;j*l a'zab 2 celibate, Single, unmarried; IV y^'- Jj*' (maTifibahü) to give up one's
bachelor position, resign VII to be or become

^w mu'azzab sheik, emir (Nejd) isolated, cut off, separated, segregated,

detached (js. from) VIII to keep away,
jjt *azar i ('azr) to cenaure, rebuke, reprove,
stand aloof, leave, withdraw; to retire,
reprimand (• s.o.); to refuse to have detach
eeclude o.e., segregate, eecede,
anything to do with s.o.; — 'azara i to
o.a., dissociate o.a., separate o.b., isolate
curb, restrain, subdue (* a.o.'a pride,
from purt
o.s. (j* or *, • from s.o., a.th.),
and the Uke) II to censure, rebuke,
{jt. or *, • with a.o,, with s.th.); to be or
reprcf», reprimand (• s.o.); to refuse to <-U^I J>Vl (kidmata), Jj**l
get deposed |

have anything to do with s.o.

('amala) to retire from service,
J^jJl

jj* 'azr censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, from work, go into retirement
reprimand
J> 'azl removal, dissociation, detach-
j jj ta'zir censure, blame, rebuke, ment, eetting aside, isolation (also, e.g.,

reproof, reprimand; ehastisement, casti- in case of contagioua disease), cutting-off,

gation segregation, Beparation; depoaition, dis-

jlj^l i'tizär aelf-discipline charge, dismissal |

j_^-i Jj* Jwl*- (harq)
 611
>j*

fire wall; J^JI JjU j*. irremovable, ap- J>*. mu'tazal pl. -ät (plaoe of) solitude,
pointed for life tenure (judge) (place of) retirement

Jjp 'azal unarmedneu, defenselessness

'azama i {'azm, i* j* 'azlma) to decide,
f>
resolve
<Sjfi 'uzui unanned, defenseless (J* on s.th.); to make up one's
mind, determine, be determined, be re-
<Jj» 'uzla retirement, seclusion, re-
solved
(J* to do s.th.), be bent (J* on
treat, privacy; eegregation, Separation,
s.th.); to adjure (J* s.o.); to invite (•
detachedness; insulation, insularity, iso-
s.o. o or Jp to or to do s.th.) II to enchant,
I

latedness; isolation; solitude jt

j
ÄJj* j spellbind s.o., s.th., by magic riteB)
(J*
secluded, segregated, out off, detaohed, VIII to decide, resolve
separated, insulated, isolated from (J* or m on s.th.),
make up one's mind, determine, be de-
*J> 'izla pl. Jjp *izal subdistrict of termined, be resolved
(J* or * to do
a nähiya (Yemen) s.th.), be bent (J* or * on s.th.)

JIjA 'izäl (eg.) fumiture, household j»> 'azm determination, firm will,
effects, movable goods, luggage firm intention, decision, resolution; ener-

<J>I a'zaP, f. »V> 'azlä**, pl. Jj* 'uzl

«y
unarmed, defenseless |
JjtVl iJ^JI star —jp 'azma decision, resolution; strict
« in the oonstellation Virgo, Spica order (<_. to do s.th.)
Virginis (agtran.)
'azurn determined, resolved, res-
I*j>
dj** ma'zil pl. JjIa* ma'äziP place of olute
retirement, houae of retreat; seclusion,
**jj* 'uzüma invitation; banquet
segregation, isolation; isolation ward (in
a hospita!) |
jt Jj»r separated, detached, «_> 'azlma determination, firm will,

apart, secluded, segregated, isolated from firm intention; (pl. Ajt. 'azä'im') res-
olution
<J# to do s.th.), decision; in-
u>Jm\ in'izäl detachedness, seclusion,
cantation; spell
segregation, insularity, insulation; iso-
lation pjl* 'äzim determined, resolved
(J*
to do s.th.)
V[>jl in'izäliya isolationism
!»_)£*. mu'tazim determined, resolved
Jlj^cl i'Uzäl retirement, seclusion,
(J* to do s.th.)
retreat, privacy | i.^i-1 Jlj^J i't. al-kidma
retirement from service <j> and Ijt 'azä u and
tfje) ('azw) ^>
'azä fazy) to trace (back) (J or Jl *
i
O Jjl* 'äzil insulator {et.)
s.th. to an origin), ascribe, attribute,
O *Jjl* 'äzila pl. -ö(, Jjlj» 'awäziP impute, owe (J or Jl * s.th. to s.o., to
insulator, nonoonductor (el.)
s.th.);to Charge, incriminate (J or Jl *

OjJ** ma'zül far, distant, remote (jt with s.th. s.o. or s.th.), blame (Jl * for
from) ; isolated, insulated s.th. s.o. or s.th.), lay the blame (Jl *

Jj*L. mun'azil isolated, Single, solitary.

for s.th.on s.o., on s.th.); ^j* 'aziya a —
(.l> 'azä') and l> 'azä u (»l> 'azä')
sporadic to
take patience, console o.s. II to persuade
*Sj*l\ al-mu'tazila name of a theological {» to bear with equanimity (j or
s.o.)
school which introduced speculative dog- jt s.th., the death of s.o. or the loss of
matism into Islam s.th.), comfort, console (jt * s.o. over),
 612
»J*

coeree (J* to) II to make difflcult

give comfort, expreas one'B sympathy,
* s.o.

or hard (a s.th.); to act hoetilely (J*

offer one's condolenoea (* to b.o.) V
to

(j* for) toward s.o.); tc oppreas, distress (J*

take patience; to conaole o.s.

VII to oonaole o.s. (*-» with), find solace b.o.), bear down hard (J* on s.o.) III to

treat roughly or harenly IV to

VIII to trace (back) one's descent (• s.o.)
(^ in)
be in distress, be in a fix, in a predic-
(Jlto)
ament; to become impoverished, be
'azw tracing back, ascription,
j_jp be
reduced to poverty, be up against it,

attribution; imputation, accusation in straitened

in financial Btraits, live

'«wo: :j>11 Cr^~ %a8an al ''*- of V

ö> circumstances to be difflcult, hard,

good ancestry, of good atock trying, adverse (J* for b.o.) VI — V;

J> r
azä' coraposure, equanimity; X = V; to find (* fl.th.) difflcult, hard,

tTying, or adverse
comfort, consolation, solaoe; ceremony

of mourning j^s. 'usr, 'u*wr diffioulty, trying or

diBtressful Bituation, predicament, plight,

ö>3 ta'ziya pl. j\^ ta'äzin consolation,
pinch, press, straits, Btraightened
solace, comfort; condolenoe |
&jü £»j
fix,

circumBtances, distress, poverty, desti-

to expreas one's sympathy, offer one's
tution
condolences; tfjWI {& (qaddama) do.

J
_* 'asir hard, diffloult; trying, die-
:* muazzin oomforter, consoler, con- %
tressing, adverse
doler
\j~t. 'usra = j-* r
usr
-j. 'aaaa u (
r
ass) to make the rounds by
j^a 'asxr difflcult, hard, hareh, rough;
night, patrol by night
Aßir {mountainous district in SW Arabia,
^j^s- 'asas patrol (aa a body of men)
between Hejaz and Yemen)
* f. 'assa guard | «Jj^U «— _*l a'mr* left-handed; harder, more
(ma?üna) (formerly:) the bodyguard of difflcult
the Bey of Tunisia
•j-jm ma'sara = j~* 'uar
.^. -~ 'Mio tau bone (of the horee); (pl.
jL-*l poverty; financial etraita,
i'aär
p 'usub) a palm branoh stripped of
,
insolvency
ite leaves
j—j« ta'assur diffioulty
yo'drift* male
*-»j—i ya'tQb pl. vi"W
bee, drone; notable, chief, leader
jj— ma'sür (living) in straitened

cirournstances

--->* 'auaaj boxthorn (Lycium europaeum straitened

j-** mu'sir (living) in
L. and Lycium arabicum Sohwf.; bot.)
circumstances; poor, impoverished

.W_* 'a*jad gold ^.n:,. muia'assir hard, difflcult, try-

ing, difltressing, adverse

j - 1 * 'asjadl golden

as'asa to darken, grow dark

r
Oj»-a* muasjad gilded

'asafa to act recklessly or

j^s. '«uro « ('u*r, '«*ur) and 'arira a ('asar) u-* i {'tuf)

hard, trying, adverse J» thoughtlessly (j in s.th.), do (j s.th.)

to be difflcult, (

for b.o.); — 'asara i « ('cur) to presa, raahly; to treat unjustly, oppress,

to); to force, compel, tyrannize (• s.o.) II to overburden, over-

urge (^ • s.o.
 ;

613
lA
task, overtax (» s.o.) IV = II; V to do ,_^-* 'aaalt honey- colored, amber,
(* s.th.) at random, haphazardly, dispose brownish
arbitrarily (j of); to deviate, stray (je-

from) VIII to do (*
JL* 'assäl gatherer of honey; bee-
s.th.) at random,
keeper, apiculturist
haphazardly; to deviate, Btray (je- from)
to go astray; to force, oompel, coerce «Jl—* 'aaadla beehive
(i_* • s.o. to)
o'^-i* 'aiaalän hyacinth (bot.)
<J»—* 'aaf injustice, oppression, tyr- IL—** ma'aala beehive
anny
<L_aj ta'sila (eg.) nap, doze
J»>-* 'asüf oppressor, despot, tyrant
J^-*- ma'sül prepared with honey;
J»L-* '(usäf oppressor, despot, tyrant
honeyed, honeysweet
*-Ä—*j ta'assuf arbitrariness ; an arbi-
J-*- mu'asaal: J_~ jU-j (dukän) a
trary, liberal, inaccurate manner of
mild-tasting tobacco, due to its prep-
using the language ; aberration ; de-