UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS

PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA
PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE,
ECOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO
____________________________________________________
Campus Universitário de Porto Nacional - TO | 77.500-000 | PORTO NACIONAL - TO
(63) 3363-0512 | www.uft.edu.br | www.uft.edu.br/pgecotonos | ecologia@uft.edu.br

PROCESSO SELETIVO 2016/1

EXAME DE INGLÊS

Número de Inscrição ____________

Traduza os dois textos abaixo para o português.

A) The recent intensification of agriculture, and the prospects of future intensification,

will have major detrimental impacts on the nonagricultural terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems of the world. The largest impacts would be on freshwater and marine
ecosystems, which would be greatly eutrophied by high rates of nitrogen and
phosphorus release from agricultural fields. Aquatic nutrient eutrophication can lead
to loss of biodiversity, outbreaks of nuisance species, shifts in the structure of food
chains, and impairment of fisheries. These detrimental environmental impacts of
agriculture can be minimized only if there is much more efficient use and recycling of
nitrogen and phosphorus in agroecosystems.

Fonte: Tilman, D. (1999) Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The

need for sustainable and efficient practices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96: 5995–6000.

B) The hydrological connectivity of freshwater ecosystems in the Amazon basin

makes them highly sensitive to a broad range of anthropogenic activities occurring in
aquatic and terrestrial systems at local and distant locations. Amazon freshwater
ecosystems are suffering escalating impacts caused by expansions in deforestation,
pollution, construction of dams and waterways, and overharvesting of animal and
plant species. The natural functions of these ecosystems are changing, and their
capacity to provide historically important goods and services is declining. There is an
urgent need to shift the Amazon conservation paradigm, broadening its current
forest-centric focus to encompass the freshwater ecosystems that are vital
components of the basin.

Fonte: Castello, L. et al. (2013) The vulnerability of Amazon freshwater ecosystems.

Conservation Letters 6(4): 217–229.