 DESERT

A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and

consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life. The lack of
vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes
of denudation. About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid. This
includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are
sometimes called polar deserts or "cold deserts". Deserts can be classified by the
amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of
desertification or by their geographical location.

DESERT PLANTS

Most desert species have found remarkable ways to survive by evading drought.
Desert succulents, such as cacti or rock plants (Lithops) for example, survive dry spells
by accumulating moisture in their fleshy tissues. They have an extensive system of
shallow roots to capture soil water only a few hours after it has rained. Additionally,
many cacti and other stem-succulent plants of hot deserts present columnar growth,
with leafless, vertically-erect, green trunks that maximize light interception during the
early and late hours of the day, but avoid the midday sun, when excessive heat may
damage plant tissues.

DESERT ANIMALS

Birds and large mammals can escape critical dry spells by migrating along the desert
plains or up into the mountains. Smaller animals cannot migrate but regulate their
environment by seeking out cool or shady places. In addition to flying to other habitats
during the dry season, birds can reduce heat by soaring. Many rodents, invertebrates,
and snakes avoid heat by spending the day in caves and burrows searching out food
during the night. Animals active in the day reduce their activities by resting in the shade
during the hotter hours.

 GRASS LAND

Grass land go by many names. In the U.S. Midwest, they're known as prairies. In
South America, they're called pampas. Central Eurasian grasslands are referred to as
steppes, while in Africa they're named savannas. What they all have in common is
grass as their naturally dominant vegetation. Grasslands are found where there is not
enough regular rainfall to support the growth of a forest, but not so little as to form a
desert.

In fact, most grasslands are located between forests and deserts. About one quarter
of the Earth's land is covered with grasslands, but many of these lands have been
turned into farms. Grasslands are generally open and fairly flat, and they exist on every
continent except Antarctica. Most lie in the drier portions of a continent's interior.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/grasslands/

 MOUNTAIN

A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a line and
connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of
mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure and alignment that have arisen from
the same cause, usually an orogeny.[1] Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of
geological processes, but most of the significant ones on Earth are the result of plate
tectonics. Mountain ranges are also found on many planetary mass objects in
the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range

 TONDRA

Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish
word tunturia, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded
landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients,
and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as a nutrient
pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is
created by biological fixation, and phosphorus is created by precipitation.
Tundra is separated into two types: arctic tundra and alpine tundra.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/tundra.html
 TEMPERATE ZONE

the part of the earth between the tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Norther
n Hemisphere or between thetropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the South
ern Hemisphere, having a climate that is warm in the summer,cold in the winter, and
moderate in the spring and fall. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Temperate+Zone

 RAINFOREST

A rainforest is described as tall, hot and dense forest near the equator and is believed
to be the oldest living ecosystems on Earth which gets maximum amount of rainfall.
As the name implies, rainforests are the forests that get very high amount of rainfall
every year, more than the normal annual rainfall of 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches).
Most of the rainforests in this world are located around the middle of earth near the
equator like South and Central America, Africa, Asia and Australia.

A rainforest is a densely wooded area that receives vast amounts of rainfall in a single
year, 80 inches of rain to be exact. For a rainforest to exist, there must be a warm
climate, which explains why a vast majority of tropical rainforest regions are situated
on or near the equator. The countries taking the biggest share of rainforests include
Brazil, Peru, Indonesia, Bolivia, Angola, Mexico, India, New Guinea, and Venezuela.
Brazil claims the largest rain forest reserve on the entire globe, which is situated in the
Amazon River basin. https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/importance-layers-
and-types-of-rainforests.php

 WATER

Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main
constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most
living organisms. Its chemical formula is H2O, meaning that each of
its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogenatoms that are connected
by covalent bonds. Strictly speaking, water refers to the liquid state of a substance
that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure; but it often refers also to
its solid state (ice) or its gaseous state (steam or water vapor). It also occurs in nature
as snow, glaciers, ice packs and icebergs, clouds, fog, dew, aquifers, and
atmospheric humidity.

Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth,
96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater,
1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other
large water bodies, 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water
suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8%
of that water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all
freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the
Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured
products. A greater quantity of water is found in the earth's interior.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

 MOST IMPORTANT FOOD CRAFT

FCI defines food craft as the transformation of raw ingredients into finished food
products by using techniques that change and build flavor, make foods last longer,
and increase the impact of land and place on taste. Many food-crafting techniques
date back centuries or millennia, while others are recent innovations. Food Craft
businesses produce these products on a commercial scale. Due to the nature of these
products and their inputs, they are best suited for small- and medium-scale production.

 HERBAL MEDICINE

Herbal medicine, also called botanical medicine or phytomedicine, refers to using a

plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes.
Herbalism has a long tradition of use outside conventional medicine. It is becoming
more mainstream as improvements in analysis and quality control, along with
advances in clinical research, show the value of herbal medicine in treating and
preventing disease. https://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/treatment/herbal-
medicine