First Year

2.017
NAVIGATE
Unit 1

First meetings

1.1-On business or on holiday?

Titles and names

Mr + a man´s full name or surname

Ms + a woman´s full name or surname

(cuando se desconoce o no se desea especificar el estado civil)

Mrs + a married woman´s full name or surname (using the husband´s)

Miss + a single woman´s full name or surname

SUBJECT PRONOUNS/PERSONAL PRONOUNS

I yo / ˈaɪ /
You tù / ju /
He èl / hi /
She ella / ʃi /

It (pronombre de tercera persona que se

utiliza para referirse a objetos,animales,el tiempo,la
hora)

We nosotros / wi /
You vosotros,ustedes / ju /
They ellos / ˈðeɪ /

TO BE: Ser-Estar

Affirmative

I am = I’m

You are = you’re

He is = he’s
She is = she’s

It is = it`s

We are = we’re

You are = you`re

They are =they`re

Interrogative

Am I ?

Are you ?

Is he ?

Is she ?

Is it ?

Are we ?

Are you ?

Are they ?

Negative

I am not = I`m not

You are not = you aren`t

He is not= he isn´t

She is not = she isn`t

It is not = it isn`t

We are not = we aren`t

You are not = you aren`t

They are not = they aren`t

Affirmative – Interrogative – Negative

a)Affirmative: In English all affirmative sentences start with a subject (sujeto / persona)

You are my best friend.

She writes excellent novels.

Doctors want a new hospital.

SUBJECT + VERB

b)Interrogative:

1)With modals, have and be

MODAL

HAVE + SUBJECT + … + ?

BE

Can you speak English?

Have your friends got a new car?

Is London the capital of Britain?

2)With ordinary verbs

Do

Does + subject + verb (infinitive)?

Did

Do doctors want a new hospital?

Does she write excellent novels?

Did you visit Italy last year?

c)Negative
 1)With modals,have and be

modal

subject + have + not…

be

I cannot(can´t)play the piano

They have not (haven´t)got a new car

Paris is not (isn´t)the capital of Britain

2)With ordinary verbs

do not (don´t)

subject + does not (doesn´t) + v

did not (didn´t)

Doctors do not want a new hospital

(don´t want)

She does not write excellent novels

(doesn´t write)

I did not visit Italy last year

(didn´t visit)

MODALS
(no necesitan auxiliares para interrogativo y negativo)

 Can expresa la idea de capacidad para hacer algo.

(representa la noción del verbo “poder” en castellano)

 Must expresa la idea de obligación.

(representa la noción del verbo “deber” en castellano)

 Will expresa la idea de futuro.

(pone al verbo que le sigue en futuro)

 Would expresa la idea de condicionalidad.

(pone al verbo que le sigue en condicional: Verbo + ría)

 May expresa las ideas de permiso, autorización y posibilidad.

(representa al verbo “poder” en castellano)

 Should se usa para dar consejos.

(representa al verbo “debería” en castellano)

 Shall se usa en interrogativo con I y we para hacer ofrecimientos.

 Could/ Mightse usan para permiso y posibilidad

(representan al verbo “podría” en castellano)

OTHER WORDS

meeting reunión / ˈmiːtɪŋ /

first primero / ˈfɜːst /
business negocios / ˈbɪznəs /
on holiday de vacaciones / ˈhɒlədeɪ /
to introduce presentar / ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs /
to ask preguntar / ɑːsk /
question pregunta / ˈkwestʃən /
partner compañero / ˈpɑːtnə /
conversation / ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn̩ /
answer respuesta(noun) responder(v) / ˈɑːnsə /
to repeat repetir / rɪˈpiːt /
here aquí / hɪə /
between entre / bɪˈtwiːn /
skill habilidad / skɪl /
to recognize reconocer / ˈrekəɡnaɪz /
statement afirmación / ˈsteɪtmənt /

1.2- Where are you from?

CARDINAL NUMBERS

0 oh,zero / əʊ //ˈzɪərəʊ /
1 one / wʌn /
2 two / ˈtuː /
3 three / θriː /
4 four / fɔː /
5 five / faɪv /
6 six / sɪks /
7 seven / ˈsevn̩ /
8 eight / eɪt /
9 nine / naɪn /
10 ten / ten /
11 eleven / ɪˈlevn̩ /
12 twelve / twelv /
13 thirteen / ˌθɜːˈtiːn /
14 fourteen / ˌfɔːˈtiːn /
15 fifteen / ˌfɪfˈtiːn /
16 sixteen / sɪkˈstiːn /
17 seventeen / ˌsevnˈtiːn /
18 eighteen / ˌeɪˈtiːn /
19 nineteen / ˌnaɪnˈtiːn /
20 twenty / ˈtwenti /
21 twenty-one

22 twenty-two

23 twenty-three

30 thirty

31 thirty-one

40 forty

50 fifty

60 sixty

70 seventy

80 eighty
90 ninety

99 ninety-nine

100 one hundred

101 one hundred and one

102 one hundred and two

199 one hundred and ninety-nine

200 two hundred

300 three hundred

900 nine hundred

999 nine hundred and ninety-nine

1000 one thousand

2000 two thousand

3500 three thousand five hundred

4670 four thousand six hundredand seventy

5789 five thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine

6002 six thousand and two

Write the figures in words

78 : …………………………………………….

965: ……………………………………………

5 670: ………………………………………….

80 000: ……………………………………….

406: ……………………………………………

3 298: ………………………………………….

2 111: ………………………………………….

200 000: ……………………………………..

999:…………………………………………….
999 999:………………………………………

COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES

Argentina Argentinian / ɑːdʒənˈtiːnə / /ɑːdʒənˈtɪniən/

Australia Australian / ɒˈstreɪliə / /ɒˈstreɪliən /
Austria Austrian / ˈɒstriə / / ˈɒstriən /
Belgium Belgian / ˈbeldʒəm / / ˈbeldʒən /
Brazil Brazilian / brəˈzɪl / / brəˈzɪlɪən /
Britain British / ˈbrɪtn̩ / / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /
Canada Canadian / ˈkænədə / / kəˈneɪdɪən /
Chile Chilean / ˈtʃɪli / /ˈtʃɪlɪən /
China Chinese / ˈtʃaɪnə / / tʃaɪˈniːz /
Egypt Egyptian / ˈiːdʒɪpt / /ɪˈdʒɪpʃn̩ /
England English / ˈɪŋɡlənd / /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ /
France French / frɑːns / /frentʃ /
Germany German / ˈdʒɜːməni / /ˈdʒɜːmən /
Greece Greek / ˈɡriːs / /ˈɡriːk /
Holland / The Netherlands Dutch /ˈhɒlənd/ /dʌtʃ /
/ðə ˈneðələndz
/
Hungary Hungarian / ˈhʌŋɡr̩i / /hʌŋˈɡeərɪən /
Ireland Irish / ˈaɪələnd / /ˈaɪrɪʃ /
Italy Italian / ˈɪtəli / /ɪˈtæljən /
Japan Japanese / dʒəˈpæn / /dʒæpəˈniːz /
Jordan Jordanian / ˈdʒɔːdn̩ / /dʒɔːˈdeɪnɪən /
Kenya Kenyan / ˈkenjə / /ˈkenjən /
Korea Korean / kəˈrɪə / /kəˈrɪən /
Kuwait Kuwaiti / kʊˈweɪt / /kʊˈweɪti /
Mexico Mexican / ˈmeksɪkəʊ / /ˈmeksɪkən /
New Zealand New Zealander / njuː ˈziːlənd / /njuː ˈzɪləndə/
Nigeria Nigerian / naɪˈdʒɪərɪə / /naɪˈdʒɪərɪən /
Peru Peruvian / pəˈruː / /pəˈrʊvɪən /
Philippines Philippine / ˈfɪlɪpiːnz / /ˈfɪlɪpiːn /
Poland Polish / ˈpəʊlənd / /ˈpɒlɪʃ /
Portugal Portuguese / ˈpɔːtʃʊɡl ̩ / /pɔːtʃʊˈɡiːz /
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian /saudi əˈreɪbiə/ /saudi
əˈreɪbiən/
Spain Spanish / speɪn / /ˈspænɪʃ/
Sweden Swedish /ˈswiːdn̩ / /ˈswiːdɪʃ /
Switzerland Swiss /ˈswɪtsələnd / /swɪs /
Taiwan Taiwanese / taɪˈwɑːn / /taɪwəˈniːz /
Turkey Turkish /ˈtɜːki / /ˈtɜːkɪʃ /
United States American /juˈnaɪtɪd/ /əˈmerɪkən /
US
USA /ˌju:ˌesˈeɪ /
The States / ðə steɪts /
Uruguay Uruguayan / ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ / /jʊərəˈɡwaɪən/

Ask Questions

Wh words

What Qué / ˈwɒt /

Where Dónde / weə /
When Cuándo / wen /
Who Quién / huː /
Whose De Quién / huːz /
Why Por qué / waɪ /
What + be….like ? Cómo (descriptivo/con adjetivo como
respuesta)

How Cómo (con respecto a un estado de ánimo o / ˈhaʊ /

salud o al modo de hacer algo)
How often Con qué frecuencia (con adverbio de
frecuencia como respuesta)
How far A qué distancia / ˈhaʊ ˈfɑː /
How long Cuánto tiempo / ˈhaʊ ˈlɒŋ /
How much Cuánto (seguido de sustantivo incontable) / ˈhaʊ ˈmʌtʃ /
How many Cuántos (seguido de sustantivo contable en / ˈhaʊ məni /
plural)
How old Qué edad, cuántos años
Which Cuál / wɪtʃ /

Sample Questions

1-They have got a big house.

What have they got?

2-She can swim in the sea.

Where can she swim?

3-I go to school in the morning.

When do you go to school?

4-Isabel Allende writes interesting novels.

Who writes interesting novels?

*WHO + verb 3rd person affirmative ?

(cuando averigua el sujeto)

5-He lives with his parents.

Who does he live with?

*WHO + auxiliary / modal + subject + verb (+ preposition) ?

(cuando averigua el objeto)

6-The teacher is reading Jonathan`s test.

Whose test is the teacher reading?

*WHOSE + object + interrogative form ?

7-She is very happy because she ison holiday.

Why is she very happy?

8-Our neighbourhood is good for shopping.

What is your neighbourhood like?

9-Sally was very happy yesterday.

How was Sally yesterday?

10-My friends go to the gym three times a week.

How often do your friends go to the gym?

11-They are staying in Barcelona for two weeks.

How long are they staying in Barcelona?

12-There are four schools in this town.

How many schools are there in this town?

13-She spends fifty dollars on food.

How much (money) does she spend on food?

14-Lucy is twelve years old.

How old is Lucy?

15-He wants to buy the red car.

Which car does he want to buy?

OTHER WORDS

map mapa / mæp /

to mark marcar /mɑːk /
stress acento / stres /
again otra vez / əˈɡen /
chart cuadro / tʃɑːt /
population población / ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃn̩ /
to compare comparer / kəmˈpeə /
city ciudad / ˈsɪti /
from de, desde / frɒm /
proper noun sustantivo propio / ˈprɒpə naʊn /
capital letter mayúscula / ˈkæpɪtəl ˈletə /
now ahora / naʊ /

1.3- How do you spell that?

The English Alphabet

A /ei/- B /bi:/- C /si:/- D /di:/- E/i:/- F /ef/- G/ dʒiː / - H / eɪtʃ / - I /ai/- J / dʒeɪ / - K /kei/- L /el/-
M/em/- N /en/- O / u/- P /pi:/- Q /kju:/- R /a:/- S /es/- T /ti:/- U /ji:/- V /vi:/- W / ˈdʌbljuː / - X
/eks/- Y /wai/ -Z /zed/

How do you spell your first name?

……………………………………………………..

How do you spell your surname?

……………………………………………………..

How do you spell your nationality?

……………………………………………………..

How do you spell your teacher´s first name?

……………………………………………………..
OTHER WORDS

to spell deletrear /spel /

letter letra,carta / ˈletə /
double doble / ˈdʌbl ̩ /
place lugar / ˈpleɪs /
to hear oír /hɪə /
last name apellido / lɑːst ˈneɪm /
phone number número de teléfono / fəʊn ˈnʌmbə /
conference conferencia / ˈkɒnfərəns /

1.4- Speaking and writing.

Greetings

hello hola / həˈləʊ /

hi / haɪ /

nice to meet you encantado de conocerte / naɪs tə miːt ju /

how are you? ¿cómo estás?

fine,thanks.And you? bien,gracias. ¿Y vos?

Good morning buen día / ɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ /

Good afternoon buenas tardes / ɡʊd ˈiːvn̩ɪŋ /

Good evening buenas noches / ɡʊd ˌɑːftəˈnuːn /

Good night buenas noches / ɡʊd naɪt /

Saying goodbye

Goodbye.See you tomorrow!

See you.

Bye!
Bye ! See you later.

Bye-bye !

Have a nice weekend !

OTHER WORDS

to speak hablar /spiːk /

to write escribir /ˈraɪt /
photo foto / ˈfəʊtəʊ /
phrase frase / freɪz /
language lenguaje, idioma / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /
registration inscripción / ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃn̩ /
card tarjeta / kɑːd /
address dirección / əˈdres /
reason razón / ˈriːzən /
road camino / rəʊd /
street calle / striːt /
signature firma / ˈsɪɡnətʃə /
own propio / əʊn /

1.5 Video
OTHER WORDS

hotel / ˌhəʊˈtel /
breakfast desayuno / ˈbrekfəst /
conference conferencia / ˈkɒnfərəns /
credit card tarjeta de crédito / ˈkredɪt kɑːd /
guest invitado,huésped / ɡest /
receptionist recepcionista / rɪˈsepʃənɪst /
restaurant / ˈrestrɒnt /
key llave / kiː /
to sign firmar /saɪn /
over there por allí / ˈəʊvə ðeə /
to spell deletrear /spel /

Unit 2

Questions
2.1- What´s this in English?

Demonstrative adjectives / pronouns

This este , esta/éste , ésta , esto / ðɪs /
That ese , esa / ése , èsa , eso / ðæt /
These estos, estas / éstos, éstas / ðiːz /
Those esos , esas / ésos, ésas / ðəʊz /

OTHER WORDS

object objeto / əbˈdʒekt /

apple manzana / ˈæpl ̩ /
umbrella paragüas / ʌmˈbrelə /
wallet billetera / ˈwɒlɪt /
to notice notar, darse cuenta de / ˈnəʊtɪs /
step paso / step /
gram gramo / ɡræm /

2.2 What´s your job?

Jobs
architect arquitecto / ˈɑːkɪtekt /
bank manager gerente de banco / bæŋk ˌmænɪʤə /
clerk empleado (de oficina) / klɑːk /
company director director de una compañia / ˈkʌmpəni dɪˈrektə /
doctor doctor, médico / ˈdɒktə /
dentist dentista / ˈdentɪst /
taxi driver taxista / ˈtæksi ˈdraɪvə /
hairdresser peluquero / ˈheədresə /
journalist abogado / ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst /
pilot piloto / ˈpaɪlət /
engineer ingeniero / ˌendʒɪˈnɪə /
lawyer abogado / ˈlɔːjə /
receptionist recepcionista / rɪˈsepʃənɪst /
sales representative corredor,promotor,representante / seɪlz ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv /
de ventas
secretary secretaria / ˈsekrətəri /
supervisor supervisor / ˈsuːpəvaɪzə /
typist mecanografista / ˈtaɪpɪst /
teacher maestro,profesor / ˈtiːtʃə /
singer cantante / ˈsɪŋə /
tennis player jugador de tenis / ˈtenɪs ˈpleɪə /
writer escritor / ˈraɪtə /
(top)model modelo (top) / tɒp ˈmɒdl ̩ /
student estudiante / ˈstjuːdnt /
driver conductor / ˈdraɪvə /
accountant contador / əˈkaʊntənt /
cashier cajero / kæˈʃɪə /
chef / ʃef /
cleaner personal de limpieza / ˈkliːnə /
sales assistant vendedor / seɪlz əˈsɪstənt /
(tourist) guide guía (de turismo) / ˈtʊərɪst ɡaɪd /
bouncer seguridad en discotecas / ˈbaʊnsə /
flight attendant azafata / flaɪt əˈtendənt /
mechanic mecánico / mɪˈkænɪk /
photographer fotógrafo / fəˈtɒɡrəfə /
scientist científico / ˈsaɪəntɪst /
nurse enfermera / nɜːs /
waiter mozo / ˈweɪtə /
actor / ˈæktə /
actress actriz / ˈæktrəs /
housewife ama de casa / ˈhaʊswaɪf /
retired (man/woman) jubilado/a / rɪˈtaɪəd /
waitress moza
mo / ˈweɪtrɪs /

Work places
bank banco / bæŋk /
factory fábrica / ˈfæktəri /
hotel / ˌhəʊˈtel /
office / ˈɒfɪs /
shop negocio,tienda / ʃɒp /
restaurant / ˈrestrɒnt /
hospital / ˈhɒspɪtl ̩ /
department store grandes almacenes / dɪˈpɑːtmənt stɔː /
supermarket / ˈsuːpəmɑːkɪt /
travel agents agencia de viajes / ˈtrævl ̩ ˈeɪdʒənts /
night club club nocturno / naɪt klʌb /
school escuela / skuːl /
garage taller mecánico / ˈɡærɑːʒ /
newspaper diario / ˈnjuːspeɪpə /
laboratory laboratorio / ləˈbɒrətr̩i /
publishing company editorial / ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ ˈkʌmpəni /
doctor´s office /doctor´s consultorio /ˈsɜːdʒəri /
surgery
clothes shop tienda de ropa / kləʊðz ʃɒp /
gym gimnasio / dʒɪm /
library biblioteca / ˈlaɪbrəri /
chemist´s farmacia / ˈkemɪstɪz /
post office correo / pəʊst ˈɒfɪs /
bookshop librería / ˈbʊkʃɒp /
petrol station estación de servicio / ˈpetrəl ˈsteɪʃn̩ /

Verbs to describe jobs

to answer the phone contester el teléfono / ˈɑːnsə /
to teach children enseñar a los chicos
to prepare meals preparer comidas / prɪˈpeə /
to sell….. verder…
to serve passengers server a los pasajeros / sɜːv ˈpæsɪndʒəz /
to repair cars reparar autos
to take photographs sacar fotos
to design buildings diseñar edificios / dɪˈzaɪn /
to check the people who go revisar a la gente que entrar
into a disco en una discoteca
to act in plays or on TV actuar en obras de teatro o en
tele
to discover new drugs descubrir nuevas drogas / dɪˈskʌvə /
to cook meals cocinar comidas
to take people on tours llavar a personar a un tour / tʊəz /
to greet patients recibir a los pacientes
to give legal advice dar consejo legal
to supervise workers supervisar a los trabajadores / ˈsuːpəvaɪz /
to drive a taxi / train / bus / manejar un taxi,tren,colectivo
coach
to fly a plane volar un avión
to clean limpiar
to write novels escribir novelas
to supervise sales assistants in supervisar a los asistentes de
a shop ventas en una tienda
to help people get fit ayudar a las personas a
estar,ponerse en forma

Articles

a un, una
an un, una (cuando la palabra
que le sigue comienza con
 vocal)
the el, la, los ,las / ði: /

OTHER WORDS

webpage página web

job trabajo / dʒɒb /
to post publicar / pəʊst /
to mark marcar / mɑːk /
to take turns turnarse / teɪk tɜːnz /
to understand entender / ˌʌndəˈstænd /

2..3Where are they?

Prepositions
from de,desde

e.g I am from General Rodriguez in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

*in en

e.g. London is in England.

He lives in a big house in the country.

*with con

e.g.He doesn´t live with his parents now.

*to a

e.g.They go to school by bus.

The teacher is talking to her students now.

*on sobre

e.g.Please,put these books on the desk!

+ days of the week / holiday / day / dates

e.g. You don´t go to school on Saturday or Sunday.

They usually go to Mar del Plata on holiday.

I was born on June 10th.

*without sin

e.g. You can´t do this job without a computer.

*about acerca de, sobre

e.g. How about a coffee,later ?

What about your brother,is he at university now?

The film is about a man who invented a time machine.

alrededor de, aproximadamente

e.g.The car costs about twenty thousand dollars.

I get up at about six o´clock.

*for para

e.g.She works for a company called Air France.

It´s a present for you on your birthday.

*at en

e.g.He works at British Airways.

My little sister is at home in the morning but I am at school and my father is at work.

*of de

e.g. The capital city of Spain is Madrid.

The price of a ticket is $20.

What do you think of this jacket?

What kind of music do you like?

*after después de

e.g. I usually have a cup of coffee after dinner.

*by por
e.g.“Hamlet” is a play by William Shakespeare.

en + medio de transporte

e.g. Wego to school by bus.

My daughter loves travelling by train

She would like to go there by plane.

In Europe a lot of people go to workby bike.

*Into dentro

e.g. Television brings news into people´s homes.

*till / until hasta

e.g. We will be in England until September.

The film starts at six and goes on till nine.

*Behind detrás de, atrás de

e.g. There is a garden behind the house.

Between entre

e.g. There´s a café between the cinema and the bank.

*next to al lado de

e.g. The supermarket is next to the shopping centre.

*Opposite en frente de

e.g. We have a house opposite the sea.

OTHER WORDS

map mapa / mæp /

tablet / ˈtæblɪt /
highlighted destacado / ˈhaɪlaɪtɪd /
city hall municipalidad / ˈsɪti hɔːl /
museum museo / mjuːˈzɪəm /
park parque / pɑːk /
courthouse juzgado,tribunal / ˈkɔːthaʊs /
playhouse casa de juegos,teatro / ˈpleɪhaʊs /
2.4 –Speaking and writing
The time

What´s the time,please? It´s ……………………….

What time is it, please? It´s………………………..

Can you tell me the time,please? It´s…………..

12:00 It´s twelve o´clock

3:00 It is three o´clock

5:10 It is ten past five = five ten

6:15 It is quarter past six = six fifteen

4:30 It is half past four = four thirty

17:30 It is half past five = five thirty pm

7:40 It is twenty to eight = seven forty

8:45 It is quarter to nine = eight forty-five

Match the times and write them below

five thirty-five p.m. four fifteen p.m. quarter to nine half past seven p.m. quarter past four a.m.
seven o´clock ten past six p.m. seven thirty-five a.m. twenty-five to six p.m. ten o´clock p.m.
five thirty-five p.m. four fifteen p.m. quarter to nine half past seven p.m. quarter past four a.m.
seven o´clock ten past six p.m. seven thirty-five a.m. twenty-five to six p.m. ten o´clock p.m.

4:15 22:00 8:45 18:10 7:35 17:35 16:15 7:00 19:30 17:35 19:30 17:35

1-……………….. = …………………………………………………

2-……………….. = ………………………………………………….

3-……………….. = ………………………………………………….

4-……………….. = ………………………………………………….

5-……………….. = ………………………………………………….

6-……………….. = ………………………………………………….

7-……………….. = ………………………………………………….

8-……………….. = ………………………………………………….

9-……………….. = ………………………………………………….

10-……………….. = …………………………………………………

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME : Preposiciones de tiempo.

IN en (lo usamos con los meses,años,siglos y periodos largos)

ON el / los / en (para días y fechas)

AT a las / al / a la (lo usamos cuando hablamos de un tiempo preciso)

IN se utiliza en estas expresiones comunes:

IN the morning en la mañana

IN the mornings en las mañanas

IN the afternoon(s) en la / las tarde / tardes

IN the evening(s) en la / las tardecita / tardecitas

ON se utiliza en estas expresiones:

ON Sunday afternoons las tardes de domingo

ON Saturday morningslas mañanas de sábado

ON Tuesday morning la mañana del martes

ON Monday evening la tardecita del lunes

AT se utiliza en estas expresiones:

AT night a la noche

AT the weekend en el fín de semana

AT Christmas/Easter en Navidad / Pascuas

AT the same time al mismo tiempo

AT present en el presente

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE : Preposiciones de lugar

IN en
ON sobre
UNDER abajo de
BEHIND detrás (de)
IN FRONT OF enfrente de
NEXT TO al lado de
NEAR cerca de
OPPOSITE enfrente de
BETWEEN entre
ON THE CORNER OF en la esquina de

OTHER WORDS

o´clock en punto / əˈklɒk /

quarter cuarto / ˈkwɔːtə /
half medio / hɑːf /
missing perdida / ˈmɪsɪŋ /
film película / fɪlm /
meeting reunión / ˈmiːtɪŋ /
guy muchacho / ɡaɪ /
profile perfil / ˈprəʊfaɪl /
difference diferencia / ˈdɪfrəns /
airport aeropuerto / ˈeəpɔːt /
together juntos / təˈɡeðə /
age edad / eɪdʒ /

2.5- Video
OTHER WORDS

clock reloj / ˈklɒk /

antique antigüedad / ænˈtiːk /
dealer comerciante /ˈdiːlə /
bookcase biblioteca / ˈbʊk keɪs /
for sale a la venta,en venta /seɪl /
auction subasta /ˈɔːkʃn̩ /
to bid hacer una oferta, ofertar /bɪd /
slave esclavo / sleɪv /
entrance emtrada / ɪnˈtrɑːns /

Unit 3

People and possessions

3.1- My neighbours
Have (got) : Tener

Affirmative

I have got = I`ve got

you have got = you´ve got

he has got = he´s got

she has got = she´s got

it has got = it´s got

we have got = we´ve got

you have got = you´ve got

they have got = they´ve got

Interrogative

have I got ?

have you got ?

has he got ?

has she got ?

has it got ?

have we got ?

have you got ?

have they got ?

Negative

I have not got = I haven´t got

you have not got = you haven´t got

he has not got = he hasn`t got

she has not got = she hasn`t got

it has not got = it hasn`t got

we have not got = we haven´t got

you have not got = you haven´t got

they have not got = they haven´t got

OTHER WORDS

neighbour vecino / ˈneɪbə /

possession posesión / pəˈzeʃn̩ /
clever inteligente / ˈklevə /
woman mujer / ˈwʊmən /
funny gracioso,raro / ˈfʌni /
friendly amistoso / ˈfrendli /
great genial / ˈɡreɪt /
lovely encantador / ˈlʌvli /
flat departamento / flæt /
so así que,entonces,tan / ˈsəʊ /
building edificio / ˈbɪldɪŋ /
village pueblo / ˈvɪlɪdʒ /
painting pintura / ˈpeɪntɪŋ /
pet mascot / pet /
university universidad / ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti /
manager gerente,encargado / ˈmænɪdʒə /
goldfish pez dorado / ˈɡəʊldfɪʃ /

3.2- Possessions
OTHER WORDS

world mundo / wɜːld /

bicycle bicicleta / ˈbaɪsɪkl ̩ /
mobile phone teléfono cellular / ˈməʊbaɪl fəʊn /
sad triste / sæd /
young jóven / jʌŋ /
old viejo / əʊld /
rich rico / rɪtʃ /
poor pobre / pʊə /
expensive caro / ɪkˈspensɪv /
cheap barato / tʃiːp /
cold frío / kəʊld /
hot calor,caliente / hɒt /
illustration ilustración / ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn̩ /
pair par / peə /
bad mal,malo / bæd /
new nuevo / njuː /

3.3- Family
The Family
Husband esposo / ˈhʌzbənd /
Wife esposa / waɪf /
Mother madre / ˈmʌðə /
Father padre / ˈfɑːðə /
Child hijo/a,chico / tʃaɪld /
Son hijo (varón) / sʌn /
Daughter hija (mujer) / ˈdɔːtə /
Brother hermano / ˈbrʌðə /
Sister hermana / ˈsɪstə /
Grandparents abuelos / ˈɡrænpeərənts /
Grandmother abuela / ˈɡræn ˌmʌðə /
Grandfather abuelo / ˈɡrænfɑːðə /
Grandchildren nietos / ˈɡræntʃɪldrən /
Grandson nieto / ˈɡrænsʌn /
Granddaughter nieta / ˈɡrændɔːtə /
Uncle tío / ˈʌŋkl ̩ /
Aunt tía / ɑːnt /
nephew sobrino / ˈnevjuː /
niece sobrina / niːs /
parents-in-law suegros / ˈpeərənts lɔː /
mother-in-law suegra / ˈmʌðər ɪn lɔː /
father-in-law suegro / ˈfɑːðər ɪn lɔː /
son-in-law yerno / ˈsʌn ɪn lɔː /
daughter-in-law nuera / ˈdɔːtər ɪn lɔː /
brother-in-law cuñado / ˈbrʌðər ɪn lɔː /
sister-in-law cuñada / ˈsɪstər ɪn lɔː /

Possessive adjectives/possessive determiners

(Van delante de los sustantivos)

my mi / maɪ /
your tu / jə /
his su (con referencia a la tercera / hɪz /
persona masculina :He)
her su (con referencia a la tercera / hə /
persona femenina: She)
its su (para referirse a los / ɪts /
objetos,animals,etc)
our nuestro / ˈaʊə /
your vuestro,su,de ustedes / jə /
their su,de ellos / ðeə /

POSSESSION

(The Genitive Case)

La idea de posesión en Inglés se expresa siguiendo los pasos de una estructura sencilla.

En la frase “El auto de Jill” diferenciamos dos conceptos básicos: “El auto” = propiedad

“Jill” =dueño/propietario

En castellano la relación propiedad-dueño se expresa con la preposición de,mientras que en Inglés

es necesario seguir estos pasos:
*
En primer lugar se menciona el dueño
*
En segundo lugar se coloca el apóstrofo (´)
*
En tercer lugar se coloca la letra “s”
*
En cuarto lugar se menciona la propiedad

De este modo “El auto de Jill” pasa a ser “Jill`s car”

.Cuando el dueño es un sustantivo plural terminado en “s”, no se agrega la “s” de la

posesión,solamente el apóstrofo.

e.g Las muñecas de las nenas =The girls´dolls

Write in English

1-El libro de Jack: ……………………………………………………………….

2-La casa de mi amigo:……………………………………………………….

3-El nombre de la maestra:…………………………………………………

4-Los autos de los doctores:………………………………………………..

5-Las casas de mis amigos:………………………………………………….

OTHER WORDS

tree árbol / triː /

male masculino / meɪl /
female femenino / ˈfiːmeɪl /
to identify identificar / tu aɪˈdentɪfaɪ /
determiner determinante / dɪˈtɜːmɪnə /
to be married estar casado / tə bi ˈmærɪd /
member miembro / ˈmembə /
to mean significar,querer decir / tə miːn /
meaning significado / ˈmiːnɪŋ /
3.4- Speaking and writing
OTHER WORDS

seat asiento / siːt /

toilet baño, inodoro / ˈtɔɪlɪt /
don´t worry no te preocupes / dəʊnt ˈwʌri /
you´re welcome bienvenido, de nada / jə ˈwelkəm /
bless you! ¡salud! / bles ju /
polite educado / pəˈlaɪt /
intonation entonación / ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn̩ /
response contestación,respuesta / rɪˈspɒns /
social / ˈsəʊʃl ̩ /
near cerca de / nɪə /
to join unir(se) / dʒɔɪn /
and y / ænd /
but pero / bʌt /

Linkers : conectores.

Son palabras que se usan para unir dos partes de una oración

AND y

BUT pero

BECAUSE porque

SO entonces

3.5- Video
OTHER WORDS

gadget artefacto / ˈɡædʒɪt /

free libre,gratis / friː /
below debajo / bɪˈləʊ /
company compañía / ˈkʌmpəni /
desk escritorio / desk /
thing cosa / ˈθɪŋ /
opposite opuesto, enfrente (de) / ˈɒpəzɪt /

Unit 4
My life

4.1- About me
PRESENT SIMPLE

It´s a tense that we use to express habits, routines, likes and dislikes, occupations, present
situations in general.

Affirmative

I work

You work

He works

She works

It works

We work

You work

They work

Interrogative

Do I work?

Do you work?

Does he work?

Does she work?

Does it work?

Do we work?

Do you work?

Do they work?

Negative

I do not (don´t) work

You do not (don´t) work

he does not (doesn´t) work

she does not (doesn´t) work

it does not (doesn´t) work

we do not (don´t) work

you do not (don´t) work

they do not (don´t) work

OTHER WORDS

life vida / laɪf /

to compare comparer /kəmˈpeə /
basketball básquet / ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl /
charity caridad / ˈtʃærɪti /
to teach enseñar / tiːtʃ /
the same lo mismo , igual / ðə seɪm /
different diferente / ˈdɪfrənt /
abroad en el extranjero , al extranjero / əˈbrɔːd /
university Universidad / ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti /
twins mellizos / twɪnz /
sport deporte / spɔːt /
beach playa / biːtʃ /
weekend fin de semana / wiːkˈend /

4.2- Journeys
OTHER WORDS

journey viaje / ˈdʒɜːni /

transport transporte / trænsˈpɔːt /
around the world alrededor del mundo / əˈraʊnd ðə wɜːld /
bus colectivo / bʌs /
ferry barco / ˈferi /
motorbike motocicleta / ˈməʊtəbaɪk /
train tren / treɪn /
to cycle andar en bicicleta / ˈsaɪkl ̩ /
to drive conducir / draɪv /
to walk caminar / wɔːk /
through a través de / θruː /
public public / ˈpʌblɪk /
native nativo / ˈneɪtɪv /
4.3- My day
Days of the week

Monday lunes / ˈmʌndeɪ /

Tuesday martes / ˈtjuːzdi /
Wednesday miércoles / ˈwenzdeɪ /
Thursday jueves / ˈθɜːzdeɪ /
Friday viernes / ˈfraɪdeɪ /
Saturday sábado / ˈsætədeɪ /
Sunday domingo / ˈsʌndeɪ /

Months of the year

January enero / ˈdʒænjʊri /

February febrero / ˈfebjʊəri /
March marzo / mɑːtʃ /
April abril / ˈeɪprəl /
May mayo / meɪ /
June junio / dʒuːn /
July julio / dʒuːˈlaɪ /
August agosto / ˈɔːɡəst /
September septiembre / sepˈtembə /
October octubre / ɒkˈtəʊbə /
November noviembre / nəʊˈvembə /
December diciembre / dɪˈsembə /

Daily routine

Activities

• to get up

• to get up at / early

• to have a shower

• to have a bath

• to brush my / your / his / her teeth

• to get dressed

• to have breakfast
• to have……for breakfast

• to make breakfast

• to have lunch

• to have tea

• to have dinner / supper

• to leave home for work / school

• to start work / school at ……..

• to go to …….by bus / train / car / bike

• to walk to work / school

• to go to work / school on foot

• to drive to work

• to cycle to school

• to do the housework

• to make my bed

• to go for a run

• to do the shopping

• to help my mother with the housework

• to tidy my bedroom

• to go to the supermarket

• to stay in

• to watch TV

• to go to the cinema / movies

• to see a film on video

• to do / play sports

• to eat

• to want to
• to sleep

• to have a nap / siesta

• to do the washing

• to do the washing up

• to wash up

• to wash the dishes

• to talk to friends

• to read a (good) book / the newspaper / a magazine

• to see the news on TV

• to exercise

• to take a bus

• to take the bus to work / school

• to have English class

• to listen to music

• to do aerobics

• to go swimming

• to look after children

• to feed the animals

• to do the garden

• to water the garden plants

• to cost

• to spend………………….

e.g. to spend one hour reading the newspaper

• to go out with friends

• to go out dancing

• to study English
• to study for school / university

• to come back home

• to do my homework

• to finish work / school

• to play with the computer

• to visit friends

• to phone …

Adverbs of frequency
 Always siempre
I always get up at seven o´clock
 Usually usualmente
I usually have a big breakfast
 Often amenudo
I often eat a sandwich in the morning
 Sometimes a veces
I sometimes go to school by car
 Rarely rara vez
I rarely go to work on foot
 Never nunca
I never drink coke

Subject + Adverb + Verb

e.g. She always reads novels.

Subject + Be / Modal + Adverb

e.g. She isalways reading novels.

e.g. I canusually come early.
e.g. They are never at home on Sunday.
  Every day todos los días
I go to the gym every day
 Once a week una vez por semana
I see a new film once a week
 Twice a day dos veces por día
I brush my teeth twice a day
 Three times a month tres veces por mes
I play football with my friends three times a month
 A lot mucho, muy seguido
I watch TV a lot

My routine

I always get up at six o´clock from Monday to Friday.Then, I go to the bathroom and I have a
shower. After that, I get dressed and then I have breakfast. I usually have coffee and milk with
some cookies for breakfast.

After breakfast I go to work. I usually go to work by car but sometimes I go by bus. I never go to
work on foot because my office is in another city. I always start work at seven- thirty. At twelve
o´clock I have lunch. I never have a big lunch because I don´t have a lot of time for lunch. I usually
eat pizza or hamburger but once a week I eat pasta.

After lunch, I go back to my office. I finish work at half past five. Twice a week, on Tuesday and
Thursday, I go to the gym with a friend from work. Then, I go back home. I often watch TV or
sometimes I go out with friends.

In the evening I have dinner and then I go to bed. I usually go to bed at eleven o´clock from
Monday to Friday.

OTHER WORDS

daily diario / ˈdeɪli /

to go out salir / ɡəʊ ˈaʊt /
phrase frase / freɪz /

4.4- Speaking and writing

shop negocio, tienda / ʃɒp /
Can I help you? ¿Puedo ayudarte? / kən ˈaɪ help ju /
pharmacy farmacia / ˈfɑːməsi /
department store grandes almacenes / dɪˈpɑːtmənt stɔː /
electronics shop tienda de electrónica / ˌɪlekˈtrɒnɪks ʃɒp /
bookshop librerìa / ˈbʊkʃɒp /
over there por allì / ˈəʊvə ðeə /
vitamin vitamina / ˈvɪtəmɪn /
umbrella paragüas / ʌmˈbrelə /
nothing nada / ˈnʌθɪŋ /
price precio,costo / praɪs /
pound libra / paʊnd /
pence peniques / pens /
customer cliente / ˈkʌstəmə /
shop assistant vendedor / ʃɒp əˈsɪstənt /
informal / ɪnˈfɔːml ̩ /
ticket entrada / ˈtɪkɪt /
airport aeropuerto / ˈeəpɔːt /
punctuation puntuaciòn / ˌpʌŋktʃʊˈeɪʃn̩ /
comma coma / ˈkɒmə /
full stop punto / fʊl stɒp /
beginning comienzo / bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ /
ending final / ˈendɪŋ /
rule regla / ruːl /
question mark signo de interrogaciòn / ˈkwestʃən mɑːk /
exclamation mark signo de interrogaciòn / ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn̩ mɑːk /
apostrophe apòstrofo / əˈpɒstrəfi /
to swap intercambiar / tə swɒp /

4.5- Video
OTHER WORDS

to check revisar / tʃek /

boss jefe / bɒs /
then luego,entonces / ðen /
to decide decidir /dɪˈsaɪd /
guitar guitarra / ɡɪˈtɑː /
story historia / ˈstɔːri /
baseball / ˈbeɪsbɔːl /
team equipo / tiːm /
sox medias / sɒks /
gap hueco,vacìo / ɡæp /
wallet billetera / ˈwɒlɪt /
notepad libreta / ˈnəʊtpæd /

Unit 5
Style and design

5.1- Clothes style

Colours

red rojo / red /

pink rosa / pɪŋk /
orange naranja / ˈɒrɪndʒ /
yellow amarillo / ˈjeləʊ /
green verde / ˈɡriːn /
blue azul / bluː /
light blue celeste / laɪt bluː /
dark blue azul oscuro / dɑːk bluː /
purple pùrpura / ˈpɜːpl ̩ /
brown marròn / braʊn /
grey gris / ɡreɪ /
black negro / blæk /
white blanco / waɪt /

Clothes / kləʊðz /
jeans / dʒiːnz /
dress vestido / dres /
hat sombrero / hæt /
jacket chaqueta / ˈdʒækɪt /
jumper / ˈdʒʌmpə /
shirt camisa / ʃɜːt /
shoes zapatos / ʃuːz /
skirt pollera / skɜːt /
top parte de arriba / tɒp /
trainers zapatillas / ˈtreɪnəz /
trousers pantalones / ˈtraʊzəz /
T-shirt remera / ˈtiː ʃɜːt /

to wear usar / weə /

comment comentario / ˈkɒment /
casual / ˈkæʒʊəl /
quality cualidad / ˈkwɒlɪti /
smart inteligente,listo, elegante / smɑːt /
fashion a la moda / ˈfæʃn̩ /
type of tipo de / taɪp ɒv /
syllable sìlaba / ˈsɪləbl ̩ /
skill habilidad / skɪl /
because porque / bɪˈkɒz /
money dinero / ˈmʌni /
cowboy vaquero / ˈkaʊbɔɪ /
leather cuero / ˈleðə /

5.2- Amazing architecture

OTHER WORDS

architecture arquitectura / ˈɑːkɪtektʃə /

adjective adjetivo / ˈædʒɪktɪv /
stadium estadio / ˈsteɪdɪəm /
function funciòn / ˈfʌŋkʃn̩ /
design diseño / dɪˈzaɪn /
feature caracterìstica / ˈfiːtʃə /
opening time horaroio de aperture / ˈəʊpənɪŋ ˈtaɪm /
building edificio / ˈbɪldɪŋ /
factfile perfil
useful ùtil / ˈjuːsfəl /
chunk pedazo,trozo / tʃʌŋk /
comics historietas / ˈkɒmɪks /
free time tiempo libre / friː ˈtaɪm /

Adjectives

excellent / ˈeksələnt /
amazing asombroso / əˈmeɪzɪŋ /
lovely encantador / ˈlʌvli /
terrible / ˈterəbl ̩ /
great genial / ˈɡreɪt /
fabulous fabuloso / ˈfæbjʊləs /
wonderful maravilloso / ˈwʌndəfəl /
horrible / ˈhɒrəbl ̩ /
awful espantoso / ˈɔːfl ̩ /
fantastic / fænˈtæstɪk /
beautiful hermoso / ˈbjuːtəfl ̩ /
big grande / bɪɡ /
different / ˈdɪfrənt /
exciting emocionante / ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ /
interesting interesante / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /
modern moderno / ˈmɒdn̩ /
old viejo, antiguo / əʊld /
unusual poco usual / ʌnˈjuːʒʊəl /
5.3- Styles around the world
Body parts

body cuerpo / ˈbɒdi /

arm brazo / ɑːm /
face cara,rostro / feɪs /
foot pie / fʊt /
hair pelo / heə /
hand mano / hænd /
head cabeza / hed /
leg pierna / leɡ /
eye ojo / aɪ /
ear oreja / ɪə /
mouth boca / maʊθ /
nose narìz / nəʊz /

OTHER WORDS

style estilo / staɪl /

world mundo / wɜːld /
bowler lanzador / ˈbəʊlə /
shawl chal, mantòn / ʃɔːl /
colourful colorido / ˈkʌləfəl /
fake tan bronceador artificial / feɪk tæn /
skin piel / skɪn /
hairstyle estilo de pelo / ˈheəstaɪl /
wood madera, bosque / wʊd /
bear oso / beə /
cream crema / kriːm /
flower flor / ˈflaʊə /
very muy / ˈveri /
really realmente / ˈrɪəli /

5.4- Speaking and writing

OTHER WORDS

to ask for pedir por,preguntar por /ɑːsk fɔː/

to give dar /ɡɪv/
to want querer /wɒnt /
to leave dejar,partir /liːv /
announcement anuncio /əˈnaʊnsmənt/
late tarde /leɪt/
flight vuelo /flaɪt/
platform plataforma, andèn /ˈplætfɔːm/
gate portòn, puerta /ɡeɪt/
machine màquina /məˈʃiːn/
to make an arrangement hacer un arreglo /ˈmeɪk ən əˈreɪndʒmənt /
to come into entrar /tə kʌm ˈɪntə/
busy ocupado /ˈbɪzi/
reason razòn /ˈriːzən/

5.5- Video
OTHER WORDS

canal /kəˈnæl/
cheese queso /tʃiːz/
railway station estaciòn de tren /ˈreɪlweɪ ˈsteɪʃ.n̩ |
boat barco,bote /bəʊt/
wind viento /wɪnd /

Unit 6

Places and facilities

6.1- Two towns

There is / There are: "HAY"

There is hay (singular)

There is a good shopping centre in
this area.
There isn´t no hay (singular)
There isn´t a cinema in this town.
Is there ? hay? (singular)
Is there a hospital in this town?
There are hay (plural)
There are three schools in the centre of town.
There aren´t no hay (plural)
There aren´t twenty students in my class.
Are there ? hay ? (plural)
Are there ten boys in your class?

COUNTABLE / UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS : Sustantivos contables e incontables

Los sustantivos contables son aquellos que la misma palabra en inglés nos permite ponerlos en
plural y contarlos.

Por ejemplo:
one orange - three oranges, a sandwich - eighteen sandwiches, an elephant - eight elephants.

Los sustantivos incontables son aquellos que no se pueden contar como unidades separadas o un
número total en plural.

Por ejemplo :
money (dinero) , rice (arroz) , todos los líquidos , bread (pan).
Con ellos, utilizamos otro sistema para contarlos, con el dinero usamos los billetes o monedas, con
el arroz los kilos, con los líquidos los litros. El sustantivo incontable nunca va en plural.

SOME / ANY :
Some:algo de (estando adelante de sustantivos incontables)
algún, algunos, algunas (estando adelante de
sustantivos contables)
SOME se usa en oraciones afirmativas
Any: en oraciones negativas quiere decir: nada de (estando adelante de sustantivos incontables)
ningún , ninguna (estando adelante de sustantivos contables)
Cuando está en oraciones interrogativas, va a significar lo mismo que Some.

OTHER WORDS

town pueblo, ciudad /taʊn/

cafè cafeteria
sea mar /siː /
lucky afortunado, suertudo /ˈlʌki/
bakery panaderìa /ˈbeɪkəri/
visitor visitante /ˈvɪzɪtə/
to record grabar /rɪˈkɔːd/

6.3- Has each flat got a kitchen?

Rooms and Furniture

kitchen cocina /ˈkɪtʃn/

dining area comedor /ˈdaɪnɪŋ ˈeəriə /
bathroom baño /ˈbɑːθruːm/
living room sala de estar /ˈlɪvɪŋ ruːm/
bedroom dormitorio /ˈbedruːm/
TV tele /tiːˈviː/
microwave microondas /ˈmaɪkrəweɪv /
balcony balcòn /ˈbælkəni /
parking estacionamiento /ˈpɑːkɪŋ/
bed cama
chair silla /tʃeə/
fridge heladera /frɪdʒ/
shower ducha /ˈʃaʊə/
sofa sofà /ˈsəʊfə/
table mesa /ˈteɪbl/

OTHER WORDS

all todo(s) (with a plural noun) /ɔːl/

each cada (before a singular noun) /iːtʃ/
furniture muebles /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə/
access acceso,entrada, accede /ˈækses/
flat departamento /flæt/
before antes /bɪˈfɔː/
to link conectar /lɪŋk /
facilities instalaciones /fəˈsɪlɪti/

6.4- Speaking and writing

OTHER WORDS

to explain explicar /tu ɪkˈspleɪn/

code còdigo /kəʊd/
towel toalla /ˈtaʊəl/
noisy ruidoso /ˈnɔɪzi/
be broken estar roto /bi ˈbrəʊkən/
cupboard alacena, mesada /ˈkʌbəd/
air conditioning aire acondicionado /eə kənˈdɪʃn̩ ɪŋ/
switch interruptor /swɪtʃ/
solution soluciòn /səˈluːʃn̩ /
heater calentador,calefactory /ˈhiːtə/
staff personal,empleados /stɑːf/

6.5- Video
OTHER WORDS
searching bùsqueda /ˈsɜːtʃɪŋ/
chest of drawers cajonera /tʃest əv drɔːz /
bookcase librerìa /ˈbʊk keɪs /
oven horno /ˈʌvn̩ /
sink pileta /sɪŋk /
wardrobe armario /ˈwɔːdrəʊb /
window ventana /ˈwɪndəʊ /
garden jardìn /ˈɡɑːdn̩ /
village pueblo /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/
bath bañera /bɑːθ/

Unit 7

Skills and interests

7.1- She can paint

CAN (PODER)

 Usamos CAN/ CAN`T + VERB para hablar sobre las habilidades de las personas.
e.g. They can swim.
 Usamos CAN para pedidos
e.g. Can I have some water, please?
 CAN es igual para todos los sujetos (I, you, he, she, etc )
e.g. He CAN sing NOT He can sings.

 Despuès de CAN usamos el verbo en infinitivo.

e.g. I can`t play the piano.

OTHER WORDS

clever inteligente /ˈklevə/

gorilla /ɡəˈrɪlə/
paintbrush pincel,brocha /ˈpeɪntbrʌʃ/
sign señal /saɪn/
bird pàjaro /bɜːd/

7.2- Can you help?

OTHER WORDS
volunteer voluntario /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/
advert aviso /ˈædvɜːt /
interview entrevista /ˈɪntəvjuː/
dolphin delfìn /ˈdɒlfɪn /
research investigaciòn, studio /rɪˈsɜːtʃ /
project proyecto /prəˈdʒekt/
island isla /ˈaɪlənd /
€ euro /ˈjʊərəʊ /
manner manera,forma, modo /ˈmænə/
starring protagonista /ˈstɑːrɪŋ /

7.3- I like going out

Like + ing

 Usamos like + verb + ing para hablar sobre hobbies e intereses.

e.g. He likes playing tennis.
We like taking photographs
 Usamos like + noun para hablar sobre cosas que nos gustan.
e.g. I like dolphins.
She likes music.
 Usamos love y hate de la misma manera que usamos like.
e.g. He loves making things.
They hate cars.

OTHER WORDS

go on facebook entrar en facebook

brackets parèntesis /brækɪts/
be bored estar aburrido /bi bɔːd/
early temprano /ˈɜːli/

7.4- Speaking and writing

OTHER WORDS

request pedido /ɪˈkwest/

website sitio web /ˈwebsaɪt/
thirsty sediento , con sed /ˈθɜːsti/
water agua /ˈwɔːtə/

7.5- Video
OTHER WORDS

to catch agarrar, atrapar /kætʃ/

to juggle hacer malabares /ˈdʒʌɡl ̩/
practice pràctica /ˈpræktɪs/
to throw lanzar, arrojar /ˈθrəʊ /
trick truco /trɪk /
ball pelota /bɔːl /
translator traductor /trænzˈleɪtə/
to type escribir a màquina /taɪp/
typist mecanògrafo /ˈtaɪpɪst/

Unit 8

Our past

8.1- When we were seven

Past simple

PAST SIMPLE TO BE : Pasado Simple del verbo To be

AM WAS/wɒz/

IS WAS

ARE WERE/wɜː/

The PAST SIMPLEtense is used to refer to actions that happened in the past and have no
connection with the present.

• There are two kinds of verbs : * REGULAR VERBS

* IRREGULAR VERBS

* Los verbos regulares (Regular Verbs) son aquellos a los que les agregamos ed en afirmativo para
ponerlos en pasado.

Hay que seguir algunas reglas para hacer esto :

1) Cuando el verbo termina en e, directamente le agregamos la d

Por ejemplo:

live = liveD

like = likeD

2) Cuando el verbo termina en y, precedida por una consonante, la y se cambia por una i y le
agragamos la ed

Por ejemplo:

study = studIED

try = trIED

cry = crIED

3) Cuando un verbo termina en y , precedida por una vocal, simplemente agregamos ed

Por ejemplo:

play = playED

stay = stayED

4) Cuando un verbo termina en sonido /t/ o /d/ la ed se pronuncia /id/

Por ejemplo:

start = startED

act = actED

invite = invitED

decide = decidED

need = needED

add = addED

5) Cuando un verbo monosílabo termina en consonante - vocal - consonante, duplicamos la

última consonante y agregamos la ed

Por ejemplo:

stop = stoPPED

grab = graBBED
skip = skiPPED

rob = roBBED

* Los verbos irregulares no siguen reglas para ponerlos en pasado. La única forma de aprenderlos
es ir estudíandolos como vocabulario

El Pasado Simple se arma de esta forma :

Affirmative

SUBJECT + REGULAR OR IRREGULAR VERB + ...

Negative

SUBJECT + DIDN´T + INFINITIVE VERB + ...

Interrogative

DID + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE VERB + ... ?

PAST ADVERBIAL PHRASES : Frases adverbiales en pasado

yesterday morning ayer a la mañana

last night anoche

this morning esta mañana

last month el mes pasado

last year el año pasado

yesterday evening ayer a la noche

last Friday el viernes pasado

yesterday afternoon ayer a la tarde

last week la semana pasada

last weekend el fin de semana pasado

OTHER WORDS

poor pobre
astronaut astronauta /ˈæstrənɔːt/
rich rico /rɪtʃ/
historical històrico /hɪˈstɒrɪkl ̩/
moon luna /muːn/

Ordinal numbers: números ordinales

1st first primero /fɜːst/

2nd second Segundo /ˈsekənd/
3rd third tercero /ˈθɜːd/
4th fourth cuarto /ˈfɔːθ/
5th fifth quinto /ˈfɪfθ/
6th sixth sexto /sɪksθ/
7th seventh sèptimo /ˈsevnθ/
8th eighth octavo /eɪtθ/
9th ninth novena /naɪnθ/
10th tenth dècimo /tenθ/
11th eleventh dècimo primero /ɪˈlevnθ/
12th twelfth dècimo segundo /twelfθ/
13th thirteenth dècimo tercero ˌ/θɜːˈtiːnθ/
14th fourteenth dècimo cuarto /ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ/
15th fifteenth dècimo quinto /ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ/
16th sixteenth dècimo sexto /siːkˈstiːnθ/
17th seventeenth dècimo sèptimo /ˌsevnˈtiːnθ/
18th eighteenth dècimo octavo /ˌeɪˈtiːnθ/
19th nineteenth dècimo noveno /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/
20th twentieth vigèsimo /ˈtwentɪəθ/
21st twenty-first vigèsimo primero
22nd twenty-second vigèsimo segundo
23rd twenty-third vigèsimo tercero
24th twenty-fourth vigèsimo cuarto
30th thirtieth trigèsimo /ˈθɜːtɪəθ/
31st thirty-first trigèsmo primero

8.2- Lives from the past

OTHER WORDS

past pasado /pɑːst/

facts hechos /fækts/
be born nacer /bɔːn/
to die morir /daɪ/
scientist cientìfico /ˈsaɪəntɪst/
writer escritor /ˈraɪtə/
civil rights derechos civiles /ˈsɪvəl raɪts/
leader lider /ˈliːdə /
carpenter carpintero /ˈkɑːpɪntə/
dream sueño /driːm/
glider planeador /ˈɡlaɪdə/
aviator aviador /ˈeɪvieɪtə /
adventure aventura /ədˈventʃə/
marriage matrimonio /ˈmærɪdʒ/
developer desarrollador /dɪˈveləpə/

* Tenemos dos maneras de escribir las fechas en Inglés :

-Primero el número ordinal y después el mes

-Primero el mes y después el número ordinal

Por ejemplo:

20th April = April 20th

18th May = May 18th

Pero al decirlas , debemos hacerlo así :

the twentieth of April

the eighteenth of May

(el artículo THE y la preposición OF se agregan a la fecha solamente cuando la digo , al escribirla
no debo poner ninguna de estas dos palabras)

8.3- Special moments

Object pronouns

(se utilizan después de verbos y preposiciones)

Me me / a mí

You te / a tí

Him le / a él

Her le / a ella

It lo / la

Us nos / a nosotros

You les / a ustedes

Them les / a ellos

OTHER WORDS

special /ˈspeʃl ̩/
competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn̩/
monkey mono /ˈmʌŋki/
musician mùsico /mjuːˈzɪʃn̩ /
dinner cena /ˈdɪnə/
boyhood niñez /ˈbɔɪhʊd/
barbecue asado /ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/
newspaper diario /ˈnjuːspeɪpə /
charity caridad /ˈtʃærɪti /
to raise recaudar /reɪz/

8.4- Speaking and writing

OTHER WORDS

occasion ocasiòn /əˈkeɪʒn/

congratulations! ¡felicitaciones! /kənˌɡrætʃʊˈleɪʃn̩ z/
happy birthday! ¡felìz cumpleaños! /ˈhæpi ˈbɜːθdeɪ/
good luck! ¡Buena suerte! /ɡʊd lʌk /
cheers! ¡salud! /tʃɪəz/
never mind no importa /ˈnevə maɪnd/
wild salvaje /waɪld/
sequencers secuenciadores /ˈsiːkwənsəz/
biography biografìa /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/

8.5- Video
OTHER WORDS

sibling hermano /ˈsɪbl ̩ɪŋ/

propeller hèlice /prəˈpelə /
initial inicial /ɪˈnɪʃl ̩/
printing business imprenta /ˈprɪntɪŋ ˈbɪznəs /
successful exitoso /səkˈsesfəl/
century siglo /ˈsentʃəri/
tale historia,relato /teɪl/

Unit 9

Unusual stories

9.1- Happy memories

OTHER WORDS

memory recuerdo /ˈmeməri/

hospital /ˈhɒspɪtl ̩/
ill enfermo /ɪl/
illness enfermedad /ˈɪlnəs/
second Segundo /ˈsekənd/
party fiesta /ˈpɑːti/

9.2- A good excuse

OTHER WORDS

excuse excusa /ɪkˈskjuːz/

horror film pelicula de terror /ˈhɒrə fɪlm/
employee empleado ˌ/emploɪˈiː/
employer empleador /ɪmˈploɪə/

9.3- News stories

ago hace.. /əˈɡəʊ/
 Usamos ago para decir cuàndo pasò algo

OTHER WORDS

bill cuenta
tip propina
cost costo
meal comida
mistake error /mɪˈsteɪk/
millionaire millonario /ˌmɪlɪəˈneə/
rush hour hora pico /rʌʃ ˈaʊə/
miracle milagro /ˈmɪrəkl ̩/
receipt recibo /rɪˈsiːt/
retirement jubilaciòn /rɪˈtaɪəmənt/

9.4- Speaking and writing

The weather el clima /ˈweðə/
warm càlido /wɔːm/
sunny soleado /ˈsʌni /
hot caluroso,caliente /hɒt/
cloudy nublado /ˈklaʊdi/
cold frìo /kəʊld/
rainy lluvioso /ˈreɪni/
stormy tormentoso /ˈstɔːmi /
snowy con nieve, nevado /ˈsnəʊɪ/

Seasons

spring primavera /sprɪŋ/

summer verano /ˈsʌmə /
autumn otoño /ˈɔːtəm /
winter invierno /ˈwɪntə/

OTHER WORDS
feeling sentimiento /ˈfiːlɪŋ/
tent carpa /tent /
atmosphere atmòsfera /ˈætməsfɪə/
comedian comediante /kəˈmiːdɪən/

9.5- Video
OTHER WORDS

whatever todo lo que, lo que /wɒtˈevə/

choice elecciòn /tʃɔɪs /
countryside campo /ˈkʌntrisaɪd /
fountain fuente /ˈfaʊntɪn /
ocean oceano /ˈəʊʃn̩/
river rìo /ˈrɪvə /
sailing boat barco de vela /ˈseɪlɪŋ bəʊt/
sky cielo /skaɪ /
snow nieve /snəʊ/
tourist turista /ˈtʊərɪst /
traffic /ˈtræfɪk/
temperature temperatura /ˈtemprətʃə/
o
C degrees centigrade /dɪˈɡriːz ˈsentɪɡreɪd/