PAIRED SAMPLES

T-TEST
The Paired Samples t-Test compares the means of two measurements
taken from the same individual, object, or related units. These "paired"
measurements can represent things like:
A measurement taken at two different times
A measurement taken under two different conditions
Measurements taken from two halves or sides of a subject or
experimental unit
This test is also known as:
Dependent t-Test
Paired t-Test
Repeated Measures t-Test

The variable/s used in this test is known as:

Dependent variable, or test variable (continuous), measured at two
different times or for two related conditions or units
Formula: Paired Samples t-Test
 Example:
An evaluation was conducted in a program to determine the participants improvement
to a particular topic based on their pre-score and post-score. The table shows the
score of the of the 15 participants. Using a 5% significance level, was the program
effective?
DEFINE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE
90% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF THE DIFFERENCE

<--- Margin of Error

Lower Bound of CI ---> <--- Upper Bound of CI

(Intentionally blank for Excel and IBM SPSS)
Excel
IBM SPSS
 INDEPENDENT
SAMPLES T-TEST
The Independent Samples t Test compares the means of two independent groups in order
to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means
are significantly different. The Independent Samples t Test is a parametric test.

This test is also known as:

Independent t Test
Independent Measures t Test
Independent Two-sample t Test
Student t Test
Two-Sample t Test
Uncorrelated Scores t Test
Unpaired t Test
Unrelated t Test
The variables used in this test are known as:

Dependent variable, or test variable

Independent variable, or grouping variable
Formula: Equal Variance
Formula: Unequal Variance
F-test: Equal Variance vs Unequal Variance
 Example:
A question was asked to determine the life satisfaction of 10 middle-aged adults (36-55 yrs.
old), and 10 young adults (18-35 yrs. old) who were to answer on a scale of 1 to 60. 1 is the
lowest and 60 is the highest rating. In this example, we’re interested in determining if there’s a
difference between the old and young adult sample group, and there life satisfaction rating
with the use of 5% significance level.
DEFINE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE
F-TEST
F-TEST
95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF THE DIFFERENCE

<--- Margin of Error

Lower Bound of CI ---> <--- Upper Bound of CI

(Intentionally blank for Excel and IBM SPSS)
Excel
IBM SPSS
 References

LibGuides: SPSS Tutorials: Paired Samples t Test. (n.d.). Kent State University. Retrieved April 10,
2021, from https://libguides.library.kent.edu/SPSS/PairedSamplestTest

Paired Sample T-Test. (2020, March 10). Statistics Solutions. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from
https://www.statisticssolutions.com/manova-analysis-paired-sample-t-
test/#:%7E:text=The%20paired%20sample%20t%2Dtest,resulting%20in%20pairs%20of%20ob
servations

LibGuides: SPSS Tutorials: Independent Samples t Test. (n.d.). Kent State University. Retrieved
April 10, 2021, from https://libguides.library.kent.edu/spss/independentttest