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Surcharges Per Caltrans PDF
Surcharges Per Caltrans PDF
Examples of surcharge loads are spoil embankments adjacent to the trench, streets or highways,
construction machinery or material stockpiles, adjacent buildings or structures, and railroads.
Hs
H
Vh
Figure 4-47. Minimum Lateral Surcharge Load
4-70
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
Where:
Vh = constant horizontal earth pressure due to uniform surcharge
K = coefficient of lateral earth pressure due to surcharge for the following conditions:
x Use Ka for active earth pressure.
x Use Ko for at-rest earth pressure.
Q = uniform surcharge applied to the wall backfill surface within the limits of the active
failure wedge.
4-71
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
The general equation for determining the pressure at distance h below the ground line is
(See Figure 4-48):
Vh
2Q
>E R sin E cos2D @ Eq. 4-67
S
Where ER is in radians.
L2 L1 = Distance from
L1 a wall to left edge
Q (psf) of strip load
L2 = Distance from
wall to right edge
of strip load
h E a = width of
surcharge strip
E/2
E R = E (S/180)
D
Vh
4-72
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
The general equation for determining the pressure at distance h below the ground line is:
(See Figure 4-49)
For m d0.4:
Ql 0 .2 n
Vh Eq. 4-68
H 0.16 n 2
2
L1
m·H
Ql (plf)
4-73
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
The general equation for determining the pressure at distance h below the ground line is:
(See Figure 4-50)
For m d0.4:
Qp n2
Vh 0.28 Eq. 4-70
H 2 0.16 n 2 3
L1
m·H
Qp (lbs)
4-74
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
In addition, Vh is further adjusted by the following when the point is further away from
the line closest to the point load: (see Figure 4-51)
V h' V h cos 2 >1.1T @ Eq. 4-72
Wall
Vh Qp (lbs)
T
Lat
V’h
PLAN VIEW
4-75
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
The following example compares the pressure diagrams for a HS20 truck. (using point loads)
centered in a 12' lane to a load of Q = 300 psf (using the Boussinesq Strip method). The depth
of excavation is 10'.
x1 m1 H
? m1 12 1 .2
10
x2 m2 H
? m2 6 0 .6
10
n depth
H
Depth n
2’ 0.2
4’ 0.4
6’ 0.6
8’ 0.8
10’ 1.0
For line AB, see Eq. 4-71. For loads at an angle to AB, see Eq. 4-72.
4-76
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
Front and rear right wheels: T 66.8q,? cos 2 >1.166.8q@ 0.08
Front and rear left wheels: T 49.4q,? cos 2 >1.149.4q@ 0.34
4-77
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
0.0 0.0
77.3 150.1
150.4 1715
.
144.1 149.3
1131
. 1214
121 .4
84.6 96.5
CONCLUSION: Strip load of Q = 300 psf compares favorably to a point load evaluation
for HS20 truck loadings.
4-78
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
4-79
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
Vh
Figure 4-52. Alternate Traffic Surcharge Loading
4-80