7.

5 Generalized Susceptibility 359

Assuming that the only non-vanishing averages correspond to the spin

density wave induced by the external field: (Si) = S c o s ( q . j ) , i.e.,
(s”(q)) = (S“(-q))= s. Nu and %field can be summarized in

%’ = - (F+ us) +
[S”(q) S”(-q)]. (7.38)

Now let us assume that the spin density is small S < 1. Then ‘fl’ is
a small perturbing term in comparison to %band whose ground state is
the Fermi sea (FS). (We make a T = 0 calculation.) Since the expec-
tation values of spinflip-type operators like c:c~ with the eigenstates of
%b!and vanish, we can go straight to the relevant formulae of first-order
perturbation theory. The perturbed ground state is

IQ’) = (FS)- (v +US)

(7.39)

It is easy to check that to lowest order

(Q’~c~+q,ucp,-olQ’)
= (q
+ us) * fP - fp+q
EP - EP+q
(7.40)

where the fp = O ( E F- eP) are the (spin-independent) occupation num-

bers in the unperturbed ground state IFS). It follows that

(Q’p“(q)p’) = (F+ us) * x(O)(q) (7.41)

where
(7.42)

It is easy to see that the same form applies at finite temperatures where
fp is the Fermi distribution.
The self-consistency requirement (Q’lS“(q)IQ’) = S leads to

(7.43)