ENGLISH

Verb Tenses

Present Simple – facts or an action that often happens

- s
- es – s, ch, sh, z, x

Time expressions: usually, often, always, every(day), in the (morning), at night, at the weekend,
on (Mondays)

Present Continuous – an action that happens in the moment we’re speaking

To be + v-ing

Time expressions: now, at the moment, at present, these days, still, nowadays, today

Present Perfect – an action that happened in the past but still has effects

To have (present) + past participle

Time expressions: for, since, already, yet, always, just, ever, never, so far, today, this (week),
how long, lately, recently, still (in negations)

Present Perfect Continuous – an action that began in the past, continues in the present and
may continue into the future

To have + been + v-ing

Time expressions: for, since, how long, lately, recently

Past Simple – an action that ended in the past

Time expressions: yesterday, then, when, how long ago, last (night), three (days) ago, in (1990)

Past Continuous - a past action which was happening when another action occurred

Time expressions: while, when, as, all (morning)

Past Perfect – an action that happened before another

To have (past simple) + past participle

Time expressions: before, after, already, just, for, since, untill, when, by, by the time

Future Simple – with predictions

Will (won’t) + infinitive

Near future – with arrangements

Going to + infinitive
If Clauses

If Clause Main Clause

Type 0 Present Simple Present Simple
Use: something which is always true
Type 1 Present Simple Future Simple
Use: real-likely to happen in the present or future
Type 2 Past Simple Conditional
Use: imaginary situation contrary to facts in the present; to give advice
Type 3 Past Perfect Conditional Perfect
Use: imaginary contrary in facts in the past