GRAMMAR

REVIEW
D AY 3
 TENSES

1. Present Tense
2. Future Tense
3. Past Tense
4. Past Future Tense
 I. PRESENT TENSE

1. Simple Present Tense

2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
 II. PAST TENSE

1. Simple Past Tense

2. Past Continuous Tense
3. Past Perfect Tense
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
 III. FUTURE TENSE

1. Simple Future Tense

2. Future Continuous Tense
3. Future Perfect Tense
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
 IV. PAST FUTURE TENSE

1. Past Future Tense

2. Past Future Continuous Tense
3. Past Future Perfect Tense
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
 PRESENT TENSE

1. Simple Present Tense

- Something that you do regularly
- Unchanging situation
- General truth
- Fixed arrangement

Rule: S + V1(s)
 PRESENT TENSE
1. Simple Present Tense
Rule: S + V1(s)

For example:
He usually goes to school at seven o’clock every morning

TS: Always, generally, normally, regularly, frequently, every day, often,

sometimes, …
 PRESENT TENSE
1. Simple Present Tense
(+) He goes to school at seven o’clock.
(–) He doesn’t go to school at seven o’clock.
(?) Does he go to school at seven o’clock?
 PRESENT TENSE
2. Present Continuous Tense = Present Progressive
→ to show that an ongoing action is happening now, either at the
moment of speech or now in a larger sense. The present continuous can
also be used to show that an action is going to take place in the near
future.

Rule: S + to be + V (ing)

To be: is, am, are

 PRESENT TENSE

2. Present Continuous Tense

Rule: S + to be + V (ing) To be: is, am, are

For example:
I am going to school now

TS: now, right now, at present, today, this morning, this afternoon, in a few days,
 PRESENT TENSE

2. Present Continuous Tense

(+) I am going to school now.
(–) I am not going to school now.
(?) Am I going to school now?
 PRESENT TENSE

3. Present Perfect Tense

→ To show that an action has taken place once or many times
before now. The present perfect is most frequently used to talk
about experiences or changes that have taken place, but
there are other less common uses as well.

Rule: S + (have/has) + V3
 PRESENT TENSE
3. Present Perfect Tense

Rule: S + (have/has) + V3

For example:
They have finished their homework

TS: Just, already, once, twice, many times, this week, ever,
never, not yet
 PRESENT TENSE

3. Present Perfect Tense

(+) They have finished their homework.

(–) They have not finished their homework.
(?) Have they finished their homework?
 PRESENT TENSE
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense =
Present Perfect Progressive
→ To show that an action started in the past and has continued up to
the present moment. The present perfect continuous usually
emphasizes duration, or the amount of time that an action has been
taking place.

Rule: S + Have/Has + been + V(ing)

 PRESENT TENSE
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense = Present Perfect Progressive

Rule: S + Have/Has + been + V(ing)

For Example:
I have been living in Malaysia since 1981

TS: Since, for, the whole day, all afternoon, all day, for over a year,
how long, a long day.
 PRESENT TENSE
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense = Present Perfect Progressive

(+) He has been living in Malaysia since 1981.

(–) He has not been living in Malaysia since 1981.
(?) Has he been living in Malaysia since 1981?
 PAST TENSE
1. Simple Past Tense = Past indefinite or preterite
→ is used to show that a completed action took place at a specific time in
the past. The simple past is also frequently used to talk about past habits
and generalizations.

Rule: S + V2

– He borrowed my motorcycle last week.

TS:Yesterday, yesterday night, last night, last week, an hour ago, two days ago, a
few minutes ago, the day before yesterday
 PAST TENSE
1. Simple Past Tense = Past indefinite or preterite

Rule: S + V2

– He borrowed my motorcycle last week.

TS:Yesterday, last night, last week, an hour ago, two days ago, a few
minutes ago, the day before yesterday
 PAST TENSE
2. Past Continuous Tense = Pass Progressive
→ to show that an ongoing past action was happening
at a specific moment of interruption, or that two ongoing
actions were happening at the same time.

Rule: S + was/were + V1 (ing)

 PAST TENSE
2. Past Continuous Tense = Pass Progressive

Rule: S + was/were + V1 (ing)

–I was reading a newspaper yesterday

TS: as, while, when, all day yesterday, the whole day last
week
 PAST TENSE
3. Past Perfect Tense
→ to show that an action took place once or many times before
another point in the past.

Rule: S + had + V3

– I had written the letter before I went to Jakarta.

TS: Before, after, just, until, already, as soon as

 PAST TENSE
3. Past Perfect Tense

Rule: S + had + V3

– I had written the letter before I went to Jakarta.

TS: Before, after, just, until, already, as soon as

 PAST TENSE
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense =
Past Perfect Progressive
→ used to show that an action started in the past and
continued up to another point in the past.

Rule: S + Had + been + V1 (ing)

 PAST TENSE
4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense =
Past Perfect Progressive
Rule: S + Had + been + V1 (ing)

– He had been working in Unilever since 2000.

– TS: When, since, for, before, after

 FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Future Tense
→ to talk about things that haven't happened yet.

Rule: S + modal + V1

Modal = will, shall

 FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Future Tense

Rule: S + modal + V1
Modal = will, shall

–I will go to school tomorrow morning.

TS: tonight, this afternoon, tomorrow, next week, when,

while, after, before, soon,
 FUTURE TENSE

2. Future Continuous Tense =

Future Progressive Tense
→ indicates that something will occur in the
future and continue for an expected length of
time.

Rule: S + modal + be + V1 (ing)

 FUTURE TENSE
2. Future Continuous Tense = Future Progressive Tense

Rule: S + modal + be + V1 (ing)

–When we come to her house she will be working at the

office

TS: tomorrow, when, while, if, at the same time next week,
at this time tomorrow
 FUTURE TENSE

3. Future Perfect Tense

→ verb tense used for actions that
will be completed before some other
point in the future.

Rule: S + modal + have + V3

 FUTURE TENSE

3. Future Perfect Tense

Rule: S + modal + have + V3

–They will have gone to Jakarta by this week

TS: by tomorrow, by the end of this month, by next

week, in two days, by this week
 FUTURE TENSE
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense =
Future Perfect Progressive
→ verb tense that describes actions that
will continue up until a point in the future.

Rule: S + will + have + been +V1 (ing)

 FUTURE TENSE
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense =
Future Perfect Progressive

Rule: S + will + have + been +V1 (ing)

– He will have been working in that office for two years by the
end of this month.

TS: by the end of …, by the end of this month, by the end of 1991,
by the end of this year.
 PAST FUTURE TENSE
1. Past Future Tense
→ It is used to express the ‘idea’ that in the past
an action/event was predicted, planned,
promised, expected or obliged to be done in the
future of past, doesn’t matter if the idea is
correct or not.

Rule: S + would + V1
 PAST FUTURE TENSE
1. Past Future Tense

Rule: S + would + V1

– If I were a king I would punish you.

TS: the next day, the day before, the week before, yesterday, last
week, last year
 PAST FUTURE TENSE
2. Past Future Continuous Tense
→ Itis used to express the ‘idea’ that in the past an action/event was
predicted, planned, promised, expected or obliged to be happening
(being continued) in a certain period in the future of past, or
while simultaneously another action/event happened or was also
happening (being continued) in the same period in the future of past,
regardless the fact that idea was not proved to be true.

Rule: S + would + be + V1 (ing)

 PAST FUTURE TENSE
2. Past Future Continuous Tense
Rule: S + would + be + V1 (ing)

– My father said that he would be going to Singapore

next week.

TS: tomorrow, next week, on Sunday, on…

 PAST FUTURE TENSE
3. Past Future Perfect Tense
→ It is used to express the ‘idea’ in the past that an
action/event was predicted, planned, promised, expected or
obliged to have been done completely before/ by a certain
time in the future (of past), or before/while another
action/event happened in the future of past, regardless the
fact that the idea has not been proved to be true.

Rule: S + modal (would, Should) + have + V3

 PAST FUTURE TENSE

3. Past Future Perfect Tense

Rule: S + modal (would, Should) + have + V3

– If I had worked hard, I should have saved much money

last time.

TS: on Sunday last week, in May last year, at one o’clock

yesterday
 PAST FUTURE TENSE
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
→ Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to
express an action or imaginary situation that would
have been happening in the past. The verb of Past
Future Perfect Continuous is in progress at a certain
point or during certain periods in the past. Rarely
being used in daily life.

Rule: S + would + have + been + V1 (ing)

 PAST FUTURE TENSE
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Rule: S + would + have + been + V1 (ing)
–They would have been living in Sabah for six years by the
end of this month.

TS: by last week, by the end of this month, by last Christmas,

by May last year