GRAMMAR:

VERB
TENSES
LESSON 4
“Verb Tense” is a combination of “time” and
“aspect” of an action.
“time” refers to past and present--some
would include future
“aspect” refers to simple, progressive, and
perfect
Verb Tenses:
Simple Tenses
Simple Present Tense
The present tense indicates that an action is taking place
at the time you express it, or an action that occurs
regularly.
The students listen attentively. [an action taking place
when it is expressed]
I watch documentary each Sunday night. [an action that
occurs regularly]
Simple Past Tense
The past tense indicates that an action is completed and
has already taken place.
Ms. Lea gave the examination last week. [an action
completed in the past].
As a girl, she wondered how her college degree would
help her career. [an action that occurred once or many
times in the past but did not extend to the present].
Simple Future Tense
The future tense indicates that an action will or is likely to
take place.
Later today I will clean my room.[a future action that
will definitely occur]
The defendant probably will plead innocent. [a future
action that is likely to occur]
Verb Tenses:
Perfect Tenses
Perfect Tenses
Perfect tenses designate actions that were or will
be completed before other actions. You can form
the perfect tenses with the appropriate tense form
of the helping, or auxiliary, verb have plus the past
participle.
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense refers to an action that either
occurred at an indefinite time in the past or began in the
past and continued to the present time. This tense is
formed by have/has + the past participle.
I have written an excuse letter. [an action that began in
the past and is finished at the present]
She has donated extensively to UNICEF. [an action that
began in the past and extends into the present]
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense indicates an action occurring
before a certain time in the past. This tense is formed by
had + the past participle.

Jisoo and Lisa had eaten lunch when Jennie and Rosé
came.
Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense indicates that an action will be
finished by a certain time. This tense is formed by will +
have + the past participle.

By Thursday, the President will have apologized for his

mistake.
Verb Tenses:
Progressive
Tenses
Progressive Tenses
The progressive tenses express continuing action.
You can form them with the appropriate tense of
the verb be plus the present participle.
Present Progressive Tense
The present progressive tense indicates that something is
happening at the time you express it.

Cha Eun-Woo is listening to his favorite song.

The students are listening to the seminar.
I am listening to my teacher.
Past Progressive Tense
The past progressive tense indicates two kinds of past
action.
Poe’s writing was becoming increasingly bizarre and
dark. [a continuing action in the past]
 The class officers were discussing the matter when
their adviser came. [an action occurring at the same time
in the past as another action].
Future Progressive Tense
The future progressive tense indicates a continuing
action in the future.

She will be attending a wedding next week.

Verb Tenses:
Perfect
Progressive
Perfect Progressive Tenses
The perfect progressive tense (also called the perfect
continuous tense) is used to say that an event or action is,
was, or will be continually occurring (progressive) but that it
is, was, or will be completed at a later time, or that it relates
to a later time (perfect).

To form the perfect progressive, use the appropriate tense

of the verb have with been and the progressive (-ing) tense
of the main verb.
Present Perfect Progressive
Tense
The present perfect progressive tense indicates action
continuing from the past into the present and possibly
into the future. This tense is formed by has/have + been
+ the present participle.

The teacher has been grading since yesterday

afternoon.
Past Perfect Progressive
Tense
The past perfect progressive tense indicates that a past
action went on until another occurred. This tense is
formed by had + been + the present participle.

Mary had been living there for a year when she decided
to move to Korea.
Future Perfect Progressive
Tense
The future perfect progressive tense indicates that an
action will continue until a certain future time.
This tense is formed by will + have + been + the present
participle.

On Tuesday I will have been working on this paper for

six weeks.
 Any
Questions?
Thank you!

PRELIM EXAM
Friday
September 28, 2023
7:00 AM – 9:00 AM