TENSES

COMPLETE OVERVIEW
TENSES
 The present tense refers to something which is happening or occurring right now. The
present tense is sometimes known as the simple present or the present simple.

 The past tense refers to that which occurred or existed in the past. The past tense is also
known as the simple past or past simple.

 The future tense relates to anything that has not yet happened already. The terms will and
shall be used in the future tense.
 TENSES - TYPES

• SIMPLE • SIMPLE • SIMPLE

PAST

PRESENT

FUTURE
• CONTINUOUS • CONTINUOUS • CONTINUOUS
• PERFECT • PERFECT • PERFECT
• PERFECT • PERFECT • PERFECT
CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS
VERB TENSES – DEFINITIONS, USAGE AND EXAMPLES
SIMPLE TENSES
SIMPLE TENSES
 Simple Present Tense:
 The simple present tense is used to describe facts, general truths, routines, and habits.
 Example:
 She plays tennis every weekend.
 The sun rises in the east.
 I eat breakfast at 7 AM.
SIMPLE TENSES
 Simple Past Tense:
 The simple past tense is used to talk about completed actions or events that occurred in the past.
 Example:
 They watched a movie last night.
 He lived in Paris for five years.
 We visited our grandparents yesterday.
SIMPLE TENSES
 Simple Future Tense:
 The simple future tense is used to discuss actions or events that will happen at a later time or in the
future.
 Example:
 She will travel to Japan next month.
 They are going to have a party on Saturday.
 I will meet you at the park after work.
THE CONTINUOUS TENSES
THE CONTINUOUS TENSES
 Present Continuous Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "be" verb (am/are/is) + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or events that are happening at the present moment or around the current
time.
 Example:
 She is studying for her exam right now.
 They are playing basketball in the park.
 We are having dinner at a restaurant tonight.
THE CONTINUOUS TENSES

 Past Continuous Tense:

 Formation: Subject + "be" verb (was/were) + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or events that were in progress at a specific time in the past.
 Example:
 I was reading a book when the phone rang.
 They were watching a movie at the theater yesterday.
 She was cooking dinner while he was setting the table.
THE CONTINUOUS TENSES
 Future Continuous Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "will be" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or events that will be in progress at a specific time or during a specific
period in the future.
 Example:
 We will be traveling to Paris next month.
 They will be attending a conference tomorrow.
 He will be studying for his exam all day on Saturday.
THE CONTINUOUS TENSES
 Key Points to Remember:
 Continuous tenses emphasize the ongoing nature of actions or events.
 They are formed using a "be" verb (am/are/is, was/were, will be) followed by the present
participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 The time frame of the action or event determines the tense used (present, past, or future).
 Continuous tenses often include time expressions to specify the duration or timing of the
action.
 These tenses are especially useful for describing ongoing activities, temporary situations, or
actions happening at a specific time.
THE PERFECT TENSES
THE PERFECT TENSES
 Present Perfect Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "have/has" + past participle of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that started in the past and continue to the present, or actions that occurred at
an unspecified time before now.
 Example: "I have visited that city before."

 Past Perfect Tense:

 Formation: Subject + "had" + past participle of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that were completed before another past action or a specific point in the past.
 Example: "She had finished her work before the meeting started."

 Future Perfect Tense:

 Formation: Subject + "will have" + past participle of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions that will be completed before a specific future time or reference point.
 Example: "By next year, he will have graduated from university."
THE PERFECT TENSES
 Key Points to Remember:
 Perfect tenses indicate completed actions, ongoing states, or actions that have a connection to
a specific point in time.
 They are formed using an auxiliary verb (have/has, had, will have) followed by the past
participle of the main verb.
 The time frame of the action determines the tense used (present, past, or future).
 Perfect tenses often include time expressions or indicators of duration.
 These tenses are useful for discussing experiences, accomplishments, or actions that have an
impact on the present or future.
THE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES
THE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

 Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

 Formation: Subject + "have/has been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that started in the past, continue in the present, and may continue
into the future. It emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action or state.
 Example:
 She has been studying for three hours.
 They have been playing basketball since morning.
 We have been waiting for the bus for half an hour.
THE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

 Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

 Formation: Subject + "had been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that were ongoing in the past before another past action or a
specific point in the past. It indicates the continuity leading up to a specific time in the past.
 Example:
 I had been working on the project all day before I took a break.
 They had been traveling for weeks before they reached their destination.
 She had been practicing the piano for hours before the performance.
THE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSES
 Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Formation: Subject + "will have been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Usage: Describes actions or states that will be ongoing and in progress before a specific future time or
reference point. It emphasizes the continuity leading up to a future moment.
 Example:
 By next month, she will have been studying English for a year.
 They will have been working on the assignment for days by the time it is due.
 We will have been waiting at the airport for hours before the flight arrives.
THE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSES
 Key Points to Remember:
 Perfect continuous tenses indicate ongoing or continuous actions or states that started in the
past and continue to a specific point in time.
 They are formed using an auxiliary verb (have/has been, had been, will have been) followed
by the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 The time frame of the action determines the tense used (present, past, or future).
 Perfect continuous tenses often include time expressions to specify the duration or timing of
the action or state.
 These tenses are particularly useful for discussing ongoing activities, durations, or states that
have relevance in relation to specific timeframes.
KEY DIFFERENCE
KEY DIFFERENCE PRESENT
 Simple Present: Describes general truths, habits, or routines.

 Present Continuous: Describes actions happening at the present moment or around the current
time.

 Present Perfect: Describes actions or states that started in the past and have a connection to the
present.

 Present Perfect Continuous: Describes ongoing actions or states that started in the past and
continue in the present.
THE SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
 Formation of the Simple Present Tense:
 For most verbs, the simple present tense is formed by using the base form (infinitive) of the verb.
 The third-person singular (he, she, it) form of regular verbs usually adds an "-s" or "-es" to the base
form.
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
 Usage of the Simple Present Tense:
 Expressing general truths and facts:
 Example: "The sun rises in the east."
 Describing habitual or repeated actions:
 Example: "She goes for a run every morning."
 Stating routines or schedules:
 Example: "The train departs at 8:00 AM."
 Expressing permanent situations or characteristics:
 Example: "I live in New York City."
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
 Examples of the Simple Present Tense:
 "I eat breakfast every day."
 "He reads books for pleasure."
 "They speak English fluently."
 "The flowers bloom in spring."
 "She dances beautifully."
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
 Adverbs and Time Expressions with the Simple Present Tense:
 Adverbs of frequency (often, always, sometimes) are commonly used with the simple present tense.
 Example: "She always arrives on time."
 Time expressions that indicate regularity (every day, once a week) are also used.
 Example: "They go to the gym three times a week."


THE SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
 Negative and Interrogative Forms:
 To form negative sentences, use the auxiliary verb "do" + "not" + base form of the verb (except for the
third-person singular, where "does" is used).
 Example: "I do not like coffee."
 For interrogative sentences, use the auxiliary verb "do" + subject + base form of the verb (except for
the third-person singular).
 Example: "Do you play the guitar?"


THE PRESENT
CONTINUOUS TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
 Formation of the Present Continuous Tense:
 The present continuous tense is formed by using the present tense of the verb "to be" (am, is, are)
followed by the present participle form (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example:
 "She is reading a book."
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
 Usage of the Present Continuous Tense:
 Describing actions happening at the present moment:
 Example:
 "They are playing soccer."
 Referring to temporary situations or actions in progress:
 Example:
 "I am currently working on a project."
 Expressing future arrangements or plans:
 Example:
 "We are meeting for dinner tonight."
 Indicating annoyance or frustration (with adverbs like "always" or "constantly"):
 Example:
 "He is always interrupting me!"
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
 Examples of the Present Continuous Tense:
 "I am studying for my exams."
 "They are cooking dinner in the kitchen."
 "She is talking on the phone right now."
 "We are watching a movie at the theater."
 "The baby is sleeping peacefully."
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
 the Present Continuous Tense:
 Adverbs such as "now," "currently," or "at the moment" are often used with the present continuous
tense to emphasize the ongoing nature of the action.
 Example:
 "I am currently working on a project."
 Time expressions indicating the present time or near future can also be used.
 Example:
 "They are leaving tomorrow."
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
 Negative and Interrogative Forms:
 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "be."
 Example:
 "She is not studying right now."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "be."
 Example:
 "Are you listening to me?"


THE PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
 Formation of the Present Perfect Tense:
 The present perfect tense is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb "have" (have/has)
followed by the past participle form of the main verb.
 Example:
 "She has seen that movie."
THE PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
 Usage of the Present Perfect Tense:
 Expressing past actions with present relevance:
 Example: "I have finished my work." (The action of finishing work is complete, but the consequence or
relevance is in the present.)
 Indicating experiences or events that happened at an indefinite time in the past:
 Example: "He has traveled to many countries."
 Describing actions that started in the past and continue into the present:
 Example: "They have lived in this city for five years."
 Discussing recent events or activities:
 Example: "We have just arrived home."
THE PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
 Examples of the Present Perfect Tense:
 "I have visited Paris several times."
 "She has read that book before."
 "They have studied English for three years."
 "He has lost his keys."
 "We have never been to Asia."
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 Time Expressions Used with the Present Perfect Tense:
 Time expressions such as "ever," "never," "already," "yet," "just," "recently," "so far," "up to now," and
"since" are commonly used with the present perfect tense.
 Example:
 "Have you ever traveled abroad?"
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
 Negative and Interrogative Forms:
 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "have."
 Example:
 "She has not seen that movie."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "have."
 Example:
 "Have you finished your homework?"
THE PRESENT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Formation of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 The present perfect continuous tense is formed by using the present perfect tense of the auxiliary verb
"have" (have/has), the past participle form of "be" (been), and the present participle form (-ing form)
of the main verb.
 Example: "She has been studying."
THE PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Usage of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Describing ongoing actions that started in the past and continue in the present:
 Example: "I have been working on this project for three hours."
 Expressing actions that have just finished or recently stopped:
 Example: "He is out of breath because he has been running."
 Indicating the duration of an action that is still happening or its impact on the present:
 Example: "She has been learning French, so she can now communicate with native speakers."
 Referring to repeated or frequent actions over a period leading up to the present:
 Example: "They have been traveling to different countries every summer."
THE PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Examples of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 "I have been studying for the exam all day."
 "They have been working on the project for weeks."
 "She has been waiting for the bus since 8 AM."
 "We have been living in this city for five years."
 "He has been practicing the piano for hours."
THE PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Time Expressions Used with the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Time expressions such as "for," "since," "all day," "recently," "lately," or a specific period are
commonly used with the present perfect continuous tense to indicate the duration of the action.
 Example: "She has been reading this book for two hours."
THE PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Negative and Interrogative Forms:
 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "have."
 Example: "They have not been playing basketball."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "have."
 Example: "Have you been studying for the test?"
KEY DIFFERENCE

Key differences between the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous
tenses
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Present Perfect Tense:
 Focuses on the result or completion of an action or event.
 Indicates a connection between past actions and the present moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "have/has" + past participle.
 Example:
 "I have visited that city before."
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Focuses on the duration or continuity of an ongoing action or state.
 Emphasizes the ongoing nature of an action that started in the past and continues to the
present.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "have/has been" + present participle (-ing form).
 Example:
 "She has been studying for three hours."
 KEY DIFFERENCE
Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect

Nature of the Focuses on the completion or Emphasizes the ongoing duration or continuity of
Action: result of an action or event. an action.
Highlights the connection
Indicates an ongoing action that started in the past
Time Frame: between past actions and the
and continues to the present.
present moment.
Uses the auxiliary verb Uses the auxiliary verb "have/has been" + present
Verb Structure:
"have/has" + past participle. participle (-ing form).
Used to discuss past actions
Used to describe ongoing actions or states that
Usage: or events with present
started in the past and continue to the present.
relevance.
PAST TENSE
KEY DIFFERENCE

Key differences between the simple past, past continuous, past perfect, and past
perfect continuous tenses
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Simple Past Tense:
 Describes completed actions or events in the past.
 Indicates a specific point in time when the action occurred.
 Uses the past tense form of the verb.
 Example:
 "I finished my work yesterday.“
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Past Continuous Tense:
 Describes ongoing actions or events in the past.
 Indicates an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.
 Uses the past tense form of "be" (was/were) + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example:
 "She was studying when I called her."
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Past Perfect Tense:
 Describes an action that was completed before another past action or a specific point in the
past.
 Indicates the earlier action or event.
 Uses "had" + past participle form of the main verb.
 Example:
 "They had already left when I arrived.“
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Describes ongoing actions that were in progress before another past action or a specific point
in the past.
 Indicates the continuous duration leading up to that point.
 Uses "had been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example:
 "He had been working all day before he took a break."
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Completion vs. Continuity:
 Simple Past: Describes completed actions in the past.
 Past Continuous: Describes ongoing actions in the past.
 Past Perfect: Describes completed actions before another past action.
 Past Perfect Continuous: Describes ongoing actions leading up to another past action.
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Time Reference:
 Simple Past: Refers to a specific point in the past.
 Past Continuous: Refers to a specific time in the past when an action was in progress.
 Past Perfect: Indicates an action completed before another past action.
 Past Perfect Continuous: Indicates an ongoing action leading up to another past action.
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Verb Structure:
 Simple Past: Uses the past tense form of the verb.
 Past Continuous: Uses "was/were" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Past Perfect: Uses "had" + past participle form of the main verb.
 Past Perfect Continuous: Uses "had been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Usage:
 Simple Past: Used to describe completed actions or events in the past.
 Past Continuous: Used to describe ongoing actions or events in the past.
 Past Perfect: Used to describe an action completed before another past action or a specific
point in the past.
 Past Perfect Continuous: Used to describe ongoing actions leading up to another past action or
point in the past.
THE SIMPLE PAST
TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
 Formation of the Simple Past Tense:
 For regular verbs, the simple past tense is formed by adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb.
 Example:
 "She walked to the store."
 However, irregular verbs have unique past tense forms that do not follow a consistent pattern.
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
 Usage of the Simple Past Tense:
 Describing past actions or events:
 Example: "He ate lunch an hour ago."
 Referring to a specific time or duration in the past:
 Example: "They lived in that house for ten years."
 Narrating a story or historical event:
 Example: "Once upon a time, there was a brave knight."
 Expressing past habits or states:
 Example: "When I was young, I played the piano.“
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

 Examples of the Simple Past Tense:

 "They studied hard for the exam."
 "She traveled to Europe last summer."
 "We watched a movie last night."
 "He wrote a letter to his friend."
 "The team won the championship."
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
 Time Expressions Used with the Simple Past Tense:
 Time expressions such as yesterday, last week, in 1999, two hours ago, when I was a child, etc., are
commonly used with the simple past tense to specify the time or duration of the action.
 Example:
 "I visited my grandparents last weekend.“

 Negative and Interrogative Forms:

 To form negative sentences, use the auxiliary verb "did" + "not" + base form of the verb.
 Example:
 "She did not go to the party."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "did."
 Example:
 "Did you finish your homework?"
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
 1. Formation of the Past Continuous Tense:
 The past continuous tense is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb "to be"
(was/were) followed by the present participle form (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example: "They were playing soccer."
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Usage of the Past Continuous Tense:

 Describing ongoing actions in the past:
 Example: "I was studying when she called me."

 Setting the background or context for another action or event in the past:
 Example: "She was cooking dinner while he was watching TV."

 Expressing simultaneous actions or events in progress:

 Example: "We were talking and laughing at the same time."

 Indicating interrupted actions or events:

 Example: "He was reading a book when the phone rang.“
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

 3. Examples of the Past Continuous Tense:

 Example: "I was studying all night for the exam."
 Example: "They were traveling in Europe last summer."
 Example: "She was writing a letter when the power went out."
 Example: "We were watching a movie when it started to rain."
 Example: "He was running late for the meeting."
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

 4. Time Expressions Used with the Past Continuous Tense:

 Time expressions such as "at that time," "while," "when," "as," "during," or specific time
references are commonly used with the past continuous tense.
 Example: "She was cooking dinner at 7 PM.“

 5. Negative and Interrogative Forms:

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "be."
 Example: "He was not listening to music."

 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "be."
 Example: "Were you playing soccer?"


THE PAST PERFECT
TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

 Formation of the Past Perfect Tense:

 The past perfect tense is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb "to have" (had) followed
by the past participle form of the main verb.
 Example: "She had already finished her homework."
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
 Usage of the Past Perfect Tense:
 Describing an action that happened before another action in the past:
 Example: "He had already left when I arrived."
 Indicating an action that was completed before a specific point in the past:
 Example: "By the time she arrived, I had already eaten."
 Referring to an event that occurred in the more distant past:
 Example: "They had visited that city many times before."
 Expressing regrets or unrealized past events:
 Example: "I wish I had studied harder."
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
 Examples of the Past Perfect Tense:
 "I had already seen that movie."
 "She had finished her work before the deadline."
 "They had traveled to Europe twice before they turned 25."
 "By the time I woke up, she had already left."
 "He had never tasted sushi until yesterday."
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
 Time Expressions Used with the Past Perfect Tense:
 Time expressions such as "before," "after," "by the time," "already," "never," "until," "once," and
"twice" are commonly used with the past perfect tense.
 Example: "She had finished cooking by the time we arrived.“

 Negative and Interrogative Forms:

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "had."
 Example: "He had not seen the movie before."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "had."
 Example: "Had you finished your homework?"



THE PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Formation of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 The past perfect continuous tense is formed by using the past perfect tense of the auxiliary verb "had,"
the past participle form of "been," and the present participle form (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example: "She had been studying."
THE PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Usage of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Describing an ongoing action that started in the past and continued up until another past action or
event:
 Example: "They had been working all day before they decided to take a break."
 Expressing the duration of an action that was ongoing in the past, often with a sense of interruption:
 Example: "He had been practicing the guitar for two hours when the power went out."
 Referring to a continuous action that had a result or impact on the past:
 Example: "She was tired because she had been running for a long time."
 Talking about an ongoing action that was completed in the past:
 Example: "I was out of breath because I had been exercising."
THE PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Examples of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 "She had been studying for hours when her friends arrived."
 "They had been working on the project for months before they finally completed it."
 "He was exhausted because he had been running for miles."
 "We were all wet because it had been raining heavily."
 "I was tired because I had been working all day long."
THE PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Time Expressions Used with the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Time expressions such as "for," "since," "all day," "before," "by the time," or a specific period in the
past are commonly used with the past perfect continuous tense to indicate the duration of the action.
 Example: "She had been practicing the piano for five years before she gave her first concert.“

 Negative and Interrogative Forms:

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "had."
 Example: "They had not been playing basketball."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "had."
 Example: "Had you been studying for the test?"
KEY DIFFERENCE

Key differences between the Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Past Perfect Tense:

 Describes an action or event that was completed before another past action or a specific point in the past.

 Emphasizes the earlier action or event.

 Uses "had" + past participle form of the main verb.

 Example:
 I had already finished my work when she called.
 They had traveled to Europe before they got married.
 She had studied French for two years before she moved to Paris.

 Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

 Describes an ongoing action or state that was in progress before another past action or a specific point in the past.

 Emphasizes the continuous duration leading up to that point.

 Uses "had been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.

 Example:
 He had been working all day before he took a break.
 They had been waiting in line for hours before the concert started.
 We had been living in the city for five years before we decided to move.
KEY DIFFERENCE
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect

Describes an action or event that was Describes an ongoing action or state

Completed Action vs. Ongoing
completed before another past action that was in progress before another
Action:
or point in the past. past action or point in the past.

Emphasizes the continuous duration

Emphasizes the earlier action or
Emphasis: leading up to another past action or
event.
point in the past.

Uses "had" + past participle form of Uses "had been" + present participle
Verb Structure:
the main verb. (-ing form) of the main verb.

Usage:
FUTURE TENSE
KEY DIFFERENCE

Key differences between the simple future, future continuous, future perfect, and
future perfect continuous tenses
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Simple Future Tense:

 Used to describe actions or events that will happen at a later time or in the future.

 Indicates a simple statement or prediction about the future.

 Uses the auxiliary verb "will" + base form of the verb.

 Example:
 "I will travel to Paris next week."

 Future Continuous Tense:

 Used to describe actions or events that will be in progress at a specific time or during a specific period in the future.

 Indicates the ongoing nature of an action in the future.

 Uses the auxiliary verb "will be" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.

 Example:
 "I will be studying for my exam tomorrow evening."
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Future Perfect Tense:
 Used to describe actions or events that will be completed before a specific future time or
reference point.
 Indicates the completion of an action or event before another future action or moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will have" + past participle of the main verb.
 Example:
 "By next year, I will have graduated from university.“
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Used to describe ongoing actions or events that will be in progress and will have a duration
leading up to a specific future time or reference point.
 Indicates the continuous duration of an action or event before another future action or
moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will have been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example:
 "By the time you arrive, I will have been waiting for two hours."


KEY DIFFERENCE
 Simple Statement vs. Ongoing Action:
 Simple Future: Describes a simple statement or prediction about the future.
 Future Continuous: Describes ongoing actions or events in the future.

 Completion vs. Ongoing Action:

 Future Perfect: Indicates the completion of an action or event before another future action or
moment.
 Future Perfect Continuous: Indicates the ongoing duration of an action or event before another
future action or moment.
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Verb Structure:
 Simple Future: Uses the auxiliary verb "will" + base form of the verb.
 Future Continuous: Uses the auxiliary verb "will be" + present participle (-ing form) of the
main verb.
 Future Perfect: Uses the auxiliary verb "will have" + past participle of the main verb.
 Future Perfect Continuous: Uses the auxiliary verb "will have been" + present participle (-ing
form) of the main verb.
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Usage:
 Simple Future: Used to talk about actions or events that will happen in the future.
 Future Continuous: Used to describe ongoing actions or events that will be in progress at a
specific time in the future.
 Future Perfect: Used to describe actions or events that will be completed before a specific
future time or reference point.
 Future Perfect Continuous: Used to describe ongoing actions or events that will have a
duration leading up to a specific future time or reference point.
THE SIMPLE
FUTURE TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 Formation of the Simple Future Tense:
 To form the simple future tense, use the auxiliary verb "will" (or "shall" in some cases) followed by
the base form of the main verb.
 Example: "She will study for the exam."
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 Usage of the Simple Future Tense:
 Stating future actions or events:
 Example: "They will go on vacation next week."
 Making predictions or expressing certainty about the future:
 Example: "I think it will rain tomorrow."
 Offering or making promises:
 Example: "I will help you with your project."
 Expressing intentions, plans, or decisions:
 Example: "He will start a new job in September."
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 Examples of the Simple Future Tense:
 "I will call you later."
 "They will attend the conference next month."
 "She will cook dinner for the guests."
 "We will visit our grandparents over the weekend."
 "He will finish his work by the deadline."
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 Time Expressions Used with the Simple Future Tense:
 Time expressions such as "tomorrow," "next week," "in the future," "soon," "in a month," or specific
dates and times are commonly used with the simple future tense to indicate when the action will take
place.
 Example: "We will meet for lunch at 12 PM.“

 Negative and Interrogative Forms:

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "will."
 Example: "She will not attend the party."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "will."
 Example: "Will you come to the meeting?"


THE FUTURE
CONTINUOUS TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Formation of the Future Continuous Tense:

 The future continuous tense is formed by using the future tense of the auxiliary verb "will" (or "shall"
in some cases) followed by the present participle form (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example: "They will be playing soccer."
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Usage of the Future Continuous Tense:

 Describing ongoing actions in the future:
 Example: "I will be studying for the exam tomorrow."
 Referring to actions that will be in progress at a specific time or during a specific period:
 Example: "She will be working on the project all afternoon."
 Indicating assumptions or predictions based on current evidence:
 Example: "He will be traveling for business next month."
 Expressing polite inquiries or making polite requests about future plans:
 Example: "Will you be attending the meeting tomorrow?"
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Examples of the Future Continuous Tense:

 "I will be studying all night for the exam."
 "They will be traveling in Europe this summer."
 "She will be waiting at the airport for her parents."
 "We will be watching a movie at the theater tomorrow evening."
 "He will be working on the project until late tonight."
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Time Expressions Used with the Future Continuous Tense:

 Time expressions such as "tomorrow," "next week," "at 6 PM," "for three hours," or specific future
periods are commonly used with the future continuous tense to indicate when the action will be taking
place.
 Example: "She will be working on the report from 9 AM to 12 PM.“

 Negative and Interrogative Forms:

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "will."
 Example: "He will not be attending the party."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "will."
 Example: "Will you be coming to the event?"
THE FUTURE
PERFECT TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE FUTURE PERFECT
TENSE
 Formation of the Future Perfect Tense:
 The future perfect tense is formed by using the future tense of the auxiliary verb "will" (or "shall" in
some cases) followed by the past participle form of the main verb.
 Example: "She will have finished her work by then."
THE FUTURE PERFECT
TENSE
 Usage of the Future Perfect Tense:
 Expressing an action that will be completed before a specified future time or event:
 Example: "I will have graduated by next year."
 Referring to an action that will be completed before another action takes place:
 Example: "He will have arrived by the time we start the meeting."
 Indicating an action that will be finished before a future point of reference:
 Example: "They will have left by the time the concert starts."
 Talking about expectations or assumptions based on current evidence:
 Example: "I'm sure he will have finished the report by now."
THE FUTURE PERFECT
TENSE
 Examples of the Future Perfect Tense:
 "By the end of the year, I will have saved enough money for a trip."
 "She will have written the book by the time she turns 30."
 "They will have completed the project before the deadline."
 "We will have finished dinner by the time you arrive."
 "He will have learned how to play the guitar after taking lessons for a year."
THE FUTURE PERFECT
TENSE
 Time Expressions Used with the Future Perfect Tense:
 Time expressions such as "by," "before," "by the time," "in," or specific future points are commonly
used with the future perfect tense to indicate when the action will be completed.
 Example: "She will have graduated by the end of the month.“

 Negative and Interrogative Forms:

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "will."
 Example: "He will not have finished his work by then."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "will."
 Example: "Will you have completed the task by tomorrow?"
THE FUTURE
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE

Definition Usages and Examples

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE

 Formation of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

 The future perfect continuous tense is formed by using the future perfect tense of the auxiliary verb
"will have," the past participle form of "been," and the present participle form (-ing form) of the main
verb.
 Example: "She will have been studying."
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE

 Usage of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

 Describing an ongoing action that will start in the future and continue up until a specified future point:
 Example: "By this time next week, I will have been working on this project for a month."
 Expressing the duration of an action that will be ongoing and in progress in the future:
 Example: "He will have been practicing the guitar for hours before the concert."
 Referring to a continuous action that will have a result or impact on a future point:
 Example: "By the end of the year, she will be tired because she will have been running a marathon every
month."
 Talking about an ongoing action that will be completed at a future point:
 Example: "We will be exhausted because we will have been traveling for days."
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE

 Examples of the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

 "By next month, she will have been studying English for a year."
 "I will have been working on the assignment for hours by the time you arrive."
 "They will have been waiting in line for hours before the concert starts."
 "We will be tired because we will have been running all day long."
 "He will have been practicing the piano for years before he gives a solo performance."

 Time Expressions Used with the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

 Time expressions such as "by," "by the time," "for," "for hours," or a specific future point are
commonly used with the future perfect continuous tense to indicate the duration of the action leading
up to that point.
 Example: "By the end of the week, I will have been living in this city for a decade."
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE

 Negative and Interrogative Forms:

 To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "will have."
 Example: "They will not have been playing basketball."
 For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "will have."
 Example: "Will you have been studying for the test?"
KEY DIFFERENCE

Key differences between the Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous tenses
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Future Perfect Tense:
 Describes actions or events that will be completed before a specific future time or reference
point.
 Indicates the completion or result of an action or event in relation to a future moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will have" + past participle of the main verb.
 Example:
 By the end of the month, I will have finished my project.
 She will have traveled to five different countries by the time she turns 30.
 They will have completed their studies before they start their new jobs.
KEY DIFFERENCE
 Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Describes ongoing actions or events that will have a duration leading up to a specific future
time or reference point.
 Emphasizes the continuous nature of an action or event before another future action or
moment.
 Uses the auxiliary verb "will have been" + present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
 Example:
 By 10 PM tonight, I will have been studying for six hours.
 They will have been working on the assignment for two weeks by the time it is due.
 She will have been living in that city for a year by the end of the month.
 KEY DIFFERENCE
Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous

Emphasizes the ongoing nature and duration of an

Indicates the completion or result of an action or
Completion vs. Ongoing Action: action or event before another future action or
event in relation to a future moment.
moment.

Uses the auxiliary verb "will have" + past participle Uses the auxiliary verb "will have been" + present
Verb Structure:
of the main verb. participle (-ing form) of the main verb.

Focuses on the ongoing duration of an action or

Focuses on the completion of an action or event
Time Reference: event leading up to a specific future time or
before a specific future time or reference point.
reference point.

Used to describe actions or events that will be Used to describe ongoing actions or events that will
Usage: completed before a specific future time or reference have a duration leading up to a specific future time
point. or reference point.