“Tenses”

Tense (noun): A verb-based method used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an
action or state about the time of speaking. ORIGIN Latin tempus "time".

The concept of tense in English is a method that we use to refer to time - past, present, and future.

Many languages use tense to talk about time. Other languages have no concept of tense at all, but they can still talk
about time using different methods. So, we talk about time in English with tense. 

 We can also talk about time without using tense (for example, going to is a special construction to
talk about the future, it is not a tense).

 One tense does not always talk about one time (for example, we can use the present tense, or even
the past tense, to talk about the future - see tense and time for more about this).

There are three main verb tenses in English: Present, Past, and Future. The present, past and
Future tenses are further divided into four aspects: the simple, progressive/ continuous, perfect, and perfect
progressive/ continuous. There are a total of 12 major verb tenses. For example;

 Present Simple
I do, I do
 Present Continuous
I am doing
 Present Perfect
I have done
 Present Perfect Continuous
I have been doing
 Past Simple
I did, I did do
 Past Continuous
I was doing
 Past Perfect
I had done
 Past Perfect Continuous
I had been doing
 Future Simple
I will do
  Future Continuous
I will be doing
 Future Perfect
I will have done
 Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been doing

“Presen
The present
performed.
t tense... tense signals an action that is currently going on or habitually
There are further four types of it:

…!” 1. Present Indefinite.

2. Present Continuous.
3. Present Perfect.
4. Present Perfect Continuous.

 Present Indefinite Tense:

We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or
unceasingly, which is why it's sometimes called present indefinite). Depending on the person, the
simple present tense is formed using the root form or adding -s or -es to the end. I feel great!

Rules:

When 'Does' is used in Present Indefinite Tense, then 's/es' is not added with the Verb because 'Does' is made
after adding 'es' with 'do' (Do + es = Does). Present indefinite negative tense main 'Do / Does' or verb ki first
form use hoti a.

Example:

 Faisal plays cricket every day.

 She goes to college every day.
 It rains here every day.

 Present Continuous Tense:

The present continuous tense is used for actions happening now or for an unfinished action. This tense is also
used when the action is temporary. The present continuous tense is formed with the subject plus the present
particle form (-ing) of the main verb and the present continuous tense of the verb to be: am, is, are.
Rules:

 Subject + is/am/are + verb + ing + Object.

 Subject + is/am/are + not + verb + ing + Object.
 Is/am/are + Subject + verb + ing + Object.

Example:

 Nadeem is waiting for his friend.

 I am waiting for my friend.
 Is it raining outside?

 Present Perfect Tense:

The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past (e.g.,
we have talked before) or began in the past and continued to the present time (e.g., he has grown impatient
over the last hour). This tense is formed by have/has + the past participle.

The construction of this verb tense is straightforward. The first element is having or has, depending on the
subject the verb is conjugated with. The second element is the past participle of the verb, which is usually
formed by adding -ed or -d to the verb’s root (e.g., walked, cleaned, typed, perambulated, jumped, laughed,
sautéed) although English does have quite a few verbs that have irregular past participles (e.g., done, said,
gone, known, won, thought, felt, eaten).

Participles
A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective, to create verb tense, or to create the passive
voice.

There are two types of participles:

 Present participle (ending -ing).
 Past participle (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n).

Rules:

 Subject + Has/Have + 3rd form verb + Object.

 Subject + Has/Have + Not + 3rd form verb + Object.
 Has/Have + Subject + 3rd form verb + Object.

Example:

 Ali has completed his work.

  Ali has not completed his work.
 Has Ali completed his work?

 Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

This tense expresses an action that started in past and continued to present or recently stopped. ... A time
reference is also used in the sentence to show when the action started in past or for how long the action continued.

Rules:

 Subject + Has been/Have been + verb + ing + Object.

 Subject + Has been/Have been+ Not + verb + ing + Object.
 Has been/Have been + Subject + verb + ing + Object.

Example:

 Nadeem has been waiting for his friend for two hours.
 Nadeem has not been waiting for his friend for two hours.
 Has Nadeem been waiting for his friend for two hours?

“Past
The past tense refers
tense……! to events that have happened in the past. The basic way

”
to form the past tense in English is to take the present tense of the word
and add the suffix -ed. For example, to turn the verb "walk" into the past tense,
add -ed to form "walked." There are further four types of it:

1. Past Indefinite.
2. Past Continuous.
3. Past Perfect.
4. Past Perfect Continuous.

 Past Indefinite Tense:

Past indefinite indicates that the action described in a sentence has happened before and is not a current
happening. Example: She watched television. The example indicates that the action of watching was an event of
the past.

Rules:
  Subject + Did + Not + Verb (1st form) + Object.
 Subject + Did + Verb (2nd form) + Object.
 Did + Subject + Verb (1st form) + Object. 

Example:

 Naveed bought a car yesterday.

 Naveed did not buy a car yesterday.
 Did Naveed buy a car yesterday?

Past Continuous Tense:

The past continuous tense, also known as the past progressive tense, refers to a continuing action or state that was
happening at some point in the past. The past continuous tense is formed by combining the past tense of to be (i.e.,
was/were) with the verb's present participle (-ing word).

Rules:
 Subject + Was/Were + Verb (1st form) + ing + Object.
 Subject + Was/Were + Not + Verb (1st form) + ing + Object.
 Was/Were + Subject + Verb (1st form) + ing + Object.

Example:

 Nadeem was waiting for his friend.

 Nadeem was not waiting for his friend.
 Was Nadeem waiting for his friend?

Past Perfect Tense:

The past perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that
something happened before a specific time in the past. Examples: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I
went to Kauai.

Rules:
 Subject + Had + 3rd form + Object.
 Subject + Had + Not + 3rd form + Object.
 Had + Subject + 3rd form + Object.

Example:

 Ali had completed his work.

 Ali had not completed his work.
 Had Ali completed his work?
  Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

The past perfect continuous tense (also known as the past perfect progressive tense) shows that an action that
started in the past continued up until another time in the past. The past perfect continuous tense is constructed using
had been + the verb's present participle (root + -ing).

Rules:

 Subject + Had been + 1st form + ing + Object.

 Subject + Had not been + 1st form + ing + Object.
 Had + Subject + Been + 1st form + ing + Object.

Example:

 Nadeem had been waiting for his friend for two hours.
 Nadeem had not been waiting for his friend for two hours.
 Had Nadeem been waiting for his friend for two hours?

“Future Tense………!”
The simple future tense is used when an action is promised/thought to occur in the future. Structure: Subject +
shall/will + verb + Object. Example: We shall move to another city. There are further four types of it:

1. Future Indefinite.
2. Future Continuous.
3. Future Perfect.
4. Future Perfect Continuous.

 Future Indefinite Tense:

Future indefinite indicates that an action or occurrence has not happened yet and will take place at some point in
the future. Example: The example indicates that the action of watching has not happened yet and is yet to happen in
the future.

Rules:

 Subject + Will/Shall + 1st form of verb + Object.

 Subject + Will/Shall + Not + 1st form of Verb + Object.
 Will/Shall + Subject + 1st form of verb + Object.
Example:

 I shall go to Lahore tomorrow.

 I shall not go to Lahore tomorrow.
 Shall I go to Lahore tomorrow?

 Future Continuous Tense:

The future continuous tense, sometimes also referred to as the future progressive tense, is a verb tense that indicates
that something will occur in the future and continue for an expected length of time. It is formed using the construction
will + be + the present participle (the root verb + -ing).

Rules:

 Subject + Will be/Shall be + 1st form of verb + ing + Object.

 Subject +Will be/Shall be + Not + 1st form of verb + ing + Object.
 Will/Shall + Subject + be + 1st form of verb + ing + Object?

Example:

 Fatima will be washing the clothes.

 Fatima will not be washing the clothes.
 Will Fatima be washing the clothes?

 Future Perfect Tense:

Future Perfect Tense is used to express an action that, the speaker assumes, will have completed or occurred in
the future. This tense is also sometimes used to express the completion of an action in the future before another activity
happens. e.g. She will have learned Chinese before she moves to China.

Rules:

 Subject + Will have/Shall have + 3rd form of verb + Object.

 Subject + Will /Shall + not + Have + 3rd form of verb + Object.
 Will/Shall + Subject + Have + 3rd form of verb + Object?

Example:

 Ayesha will have washed the clothes.

 Ayesha will not have washed the clothes.
 Will Ayesha have washed the clothes?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

The future perfect continuous, also sometimes called the future perfect progressive, is a verb tense that describes
actions that will continue up until a point in the future. The future perfect continuous consists of will + have + been +
the verb's present participle (verb root + -ing).
Rules:

 Subject + Will have been/Shall have been +1st form of verb + ing + Object.
 Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Have been + 1st form of verb + ing + Object.
 Will/Shall + Subject + Have been + 1st form of verb + ing + Object?

Example:

 Ayesha will have been washing the clothes since morning.

 Ayesha will not have been washing the clothes since morning.
 Will Ayesha have been washing the clothes since morning?