International Journal of Trend in Scientific

Research and Development (IJTSRD)

International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 5

Child Trafficking
Rashmeet Kaur
B.B.A., L.L.B. (Hons), Indore Institute of Law,
Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

OBJECTIVE
The researcher aims to study child trafficking and to
examine the effect of child trafficking in India. The
study will focus on the causes of child trafficking. It
will also examine the role of state and the NGOs in
preventing child trafficking.
Research Methodology
The research methodology adopted for the purpose of
the study is doctrinal source of data which is used
including secondary data i.e. statutes, books, articles,
reports, and include online websites.
Research Question
In the context of the above objective the researcher
will examine the following research question.
- What is the concept of child trafficking?
- What are the causes of child Trafficking?
- Does the poor standard of living bring about
child trafficking?
What is trafficking ?
Trafficking in people, particularly in women, and
children has turned into a matter of genuine national
and universal concern. Women and children
children–boys and
girls– have been presented to extraordinary
vulnerabilities business misuse of these vulnerabilities
has turned into a gigantic composed wrongdoing and
a multimillion dollar business. Countries are
endeavoring to battle this exchange human
hopelessness through authoritative, official, legal and
social activity.
Human trafficking, regardless of whether of kids or of
grown-ups,
ups, is a gross infringement of human rights.
On account of individuals who have not yet
accomplished
ccomplished the time of greater part, it furthermore
damages their rights as youngsters, specifically their
entitlement to be shielded from misuse. On these
focuses, there is general assention. As we investigate
the detail of kid trafficking, however, it turns out to be
evident that there is some variety in the way basic
ideas are deciphered or comprehended and that there
are various diverse ways to deal with battle youngster
trafficking.
The UN characterizes human trafficking as the
enlistment, transportation,
on, exchange, harboring, or
receipt of people by shameful means, (for example,
constrain, snatching, extortion, or pressure) for an
uncalled for reason including constrained work or
sexual exploitation. There are an expected 20.9
Million individuals caught in some type of bondage
today. It's occasionally called "Cutting edge Slavery"
and now and again "Human Trafficking."Human
trafficking is a concealed wrongdoing as casualties
seldom approach to look for help as a result of dialect
boundaries, dread of the traffickers, as well as dread
of law authorization.
The UN Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime(UNTOC). This Convention has been signed by
the government of India.
Art. 31
a) Trafficking in persons shall mean the recruitment,
transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of
persons, by means of the threat or use of force or
other forms of coercion of abduction, of fraud, of
deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of
vulnerability or of the giving or of receiving of
1
Art. 3 of UN Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a
person having control over another person’s, for the
purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at
a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of
others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced
labour services, slavery or practices similar to slavery,
servitude or the removal of organs;
b) The consent of a victim of trafficking in persons to
the intended exploitation set forth in subparagraph (a)
of this art. shall be irrelevant where any of the means
set forth in subparagraph (a) have been used;
c) The recruitment, transportation, transfer,
habrouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of
exploitation shall be considered ‘trafficking in
persons’ even if this does not involve any of the
means set forth in sub paragraph (a) of the art.;
d) Child shall mean any person under eighteen years
of age.
Trafficking violates a child’s right to grow up in a
family environment and exposes him or her to a range
of dangers, including violence and sexual abuse. In
India over the last decade, the volume of human
trafficking has increased though the exact numbers
are not known, it is one of the most lucrative criminal
trades, next to arms and drug smuggling undertaken
by highly organized criminals.
CHILD TRAFFICKING
The movement or exchange of youngsters is portrayed
by the enrolment, transport, exchange, and lodging of
any individual by various strategies. It might likewise
include falling back on drive or some other types of
restriction, through capturing, misdirection, extortion,
and also the manhandle of expert. Offering, tolerating
instalments, or advantages for getting the assent of the
casualty (or individual having specialist over the
casualty) are additionally illegal acts that add to kid
trafficking.
Child trafficking has no general definition, however
numerous lawful instruments specify it. One of these
is the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989,
which alludes to youngster trafficking in Article 11
line 1, stipulating that "unlawful exchange and non-
return of kids" is illegal.
Traffickers arrange themselves by means of huge
universal systems, which take part in numerous
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exercises, for example, sedate trafficking or
prostitution.
Molded to obey through physical and mental
savagery, youngsters are frequently kept in outside
spots. Semantic and geographic disconnection
reinforces the hold that traffickers have on their
casualties who can't get away.
CAUSES OF CHILD TRAFFICKING
The problem of child trafficking is the result of a
constellation of factors, including widespread poverty,
lack of livelihood opportunities, entrenched gender
discrimination, displacement, the demand for young
girls, the upheaval associated with natural
disasters/conflict in parts of the country and the
profits to be made. In some cases, socio-cultural and
religious factors have an impact on child trafficking,
as where religious figures have made use of their
position to traffic girls for prostitution. Additional risk
factors include, for example, parent illiteracy, illness
or death of one of the main family breadwinners,
unemployment, early school drop-out of the
concerned children, absence of workplace inspection
or policing, and a specific demand for child labour.
Frequently, trafficking is accomplished through the
deception of girls and their families. In many villages
in West Bengal it is reported that traffickers have
obtained access to girls by pretending to be grooms
without dowry demands. In other cases, trafficking
has been facilitated by relatives or friends of the
victims, as well as teachers and placement agencies.
The traffickers also exploit lack of political will by
governments to tackle trafficking and its root causes.
Moreover, girls who have been exploited are also
commonly used to lure girls from source areas.
Also, increasing breakdown of social structures
(which results in a loss of family and community
support networks, making families, particularly
women and children, increasingly vulnerable to
traffickers demands and threats); Globalization and
economic disparities between countries, and porous
borders facilitates easy movement of people and
large-scale illegal migration of women and children
into India from the neighboring countries and this
illegal migration are exploited by the traffickers to
traffic women and children into exploitative
situations, including prostitution and labour
Children are sold for the purposes of sexual
exploitation, begging, soliciting, or for forced
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marriages. They risk themselves in construction work,
working in factories, or are employed as domestic
servants. Children are given for a substantial sum of
money to parents waiting to adopt.
The sale of child organs is more and more frequent.
To escape their living conditions, some children are
ready to sell one of their kidneys for money. The sale
of organs represents between 5% and 10% of kidney
transplants performed in the world each year.
WHAT ARE CHILDREN TRAFFICKED FOR?
Labour
 Bonded labour
 Domestic work
 Agricultural labour
 Construction work
 Carpet industry, garment industry, fish /
shrimp export as well as other sites of work in
the formal and informal economy.
Illegal Activities
 Begging
 Organ trade
 Drug peddling smuggling
Sexual Exploitation
 Forced prostitution
 Socially and religiously sanctified forms of
prostitutions
 Sex tourism
 Pornography
Entertainment and Sports
 Circus, dance troupes, beer bars etc.
 Camel jockeys
 For and through marriage
 For and through adoption
 As child soldiers or combatants in armed
conflicts
THE PROBLEM OF CHILD TRAFFICKING IN
INDIA
Despite the fact that usually hard to get far reaching
information on the degree of human trafficking in
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India, it is by and large acknowledged that India is a
source, goal, and travel nation for trafficking of
people, including young ladies. A recent report found
that 378 of the 593 regions were influenced by human
trafficking. It is assessed that 90% of trafficking in the
nation is interior, with casualties of trafficking for the
most part being utilized for constrained work. Tyke
casualties of trafficking in India are abused from
numerous points of view – including production line
and agrarian laborers, household workers and hobos.
Young ladies, specifically, are helpless against
trafficking with the end goal of constrained marriage
and business sexual abuse.
The permeable fringes in the area are frequently
referred to as a contributing component to cross-
outskirt trafficking, including the trafficking of young
ladies from Nepal and Bangladesh to India. ECPAT
International gauges that 150,000 ladies and kids are
trafficked from South Asia every year, most from,
through or to India. The joined assessments for Nepal
and Bangladesh extend from 500 to 10,000 young
ladies being trafficked to India every year; another
gauge puts the figure at more than 200,000 over a
time of seven years. At show, there are no laws
representing the repatriation of trafficking casualties
from India to Bangladesh and Nepal and concerned
associations have looked to help young ladies in
achieving their homes by liaising with accomplice
associations in these nations.
ROLE OF DIFFERENT SECTORS
Role of NGOs
 The community should be sensitized about
trafficking the community members should be
motivated to keep a watch in the community for
irregular movement of child victims to and from
area their possible traffickers and hideouts.
 NGOs must also give awareness to the people
regarding the rights available against trafficking as
well as child trafficking is inappropriate and
illegal and has negative consequences also.
 NGOs working in the rural areas should ensure
that parents are aware of safe migration practices.
 Victims can be made aware of places and
institutions where they can seek help.
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Role of State
 Government at local level and source areas should
create compulsory high quality education.
 Government should produce relevant IEC (The
International Electro technical Commission)
materials; promote sensitization programmes for
teachers in government schools, parents and
community workers.
 Government should include gender cantered
education system in schools and introduce
subjects of child sexual abuse and trafficking.
 Government must also focus on providing equal
employment opportunities and income generation
programme.
 The government of different nations must share
the information with each other to evolve a
programme that will help both the countries in
preventing trafficking.
IN THE CASE OF PEOPLE’S UNION FOR
DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS V. UNION OF INDIA.2
The scope and ambit of art. 23 is been considered by
Supreme Court in detail. It was held that the scope of
art. 23 is very wide and unlimited and strikes at
“traffic in human beings” and “beggar” and
other forms of forced labour wherever they are
found. Thus, this art. focuses at forced labour in
whatever form it may manifest itself because it is
violative of human dignity and contrary to basic
human values .Here the word “force” was construed
widely as to include not only physical or legal force
but also force arising out of compulsion of economic
circumstances.
Art. 39- Certain policies to be followed by the state
This art specifically requires the state to ensure
adequate means of livelihood to its people, fair
distribution of wealth, equal pay for equal work and
protection of children and labour from trafficking.
The makers of the Constitution did not desire that
there should be a society where a citizen’s will not
have the dignity of the individual3
2
AIR 1982 SC 1943
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CONCLUSION
Tending to human trafficking genuinely requires a far
reaching and multi-faceted methodology, which
incorporates endeavors went for the restoration and
social reintegration of trafficked casualties.
Something else, the procedure won't be effective over
the long haul. Basically, at the simple center of any
hostile to trafficking methodology must be an
enduring duty from singular nations and other
multilateral on-screen characters to address human
trafficking at each phase of this cycle, from aversion
to enlistment, transportation to fortified work, and
from save to reintegration. Without this dedication,
against trafficking endeavors will be in a general
sense unfit to mediate for the benefit of the trafficked
casualties whose human rights infringement shape the
foundation of this exploitative exchange.
Additionally, the sanctioning of the law on paper with
no genuine preparing and support to the functionaries
would be worthless and in this way, what is required
currently is "real", "arranged" and "compelling"
execution. Including the network investment in the
entire execution process would make a more
noteworthy effect. The strategies and details ought not
lessen the yearning enactments to purge words, on the
grounds that in question here is the kids the eventual
fate of the country. Child or human trafficking can't
be completely destroyed, however by taking some
proper measures it can be counteracted on an
awesome degree. In doing as such our Indian law and
government has made different strides expressed
above to forestall trafficking. The guilty party must be
rebuffed with serious discipline so a similar
demonstration can't be rehashed.
After a legitimate investigation of every last part of
human trafficking, the conclusion is that the dangers
required for a trafficker should be developed through
different provisions of laws. In India particularly, one
needs to guarantee the level of collaboration between
the victims of trafficking and law officers ought to be
expanded to convey such low-less creatures to equity.
Comprehensively further advances ought to be taken
to guarantee that mindfulness is spread. The global
participation at the level of police and at a legal level
ought to be increased. International cooperation
additionally requires practice bureaus of activity
control.
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