GROUP CHAKADOLLS

MEMBERS:

ABEJUELA, KRISHA MAE

BAHAYA, KRISYLLE
CALONIA, RAMXILL
CONDEZA, ANGEL ROSE
GALLARDO, CHRISTIAN JHON
GEÑOSO, VICKY MELLE
JAMODIONG, KRISTINE FAITH
NACION, ALICE
SALOMA, JHEA MHAE
ZAPICO, MARIA LOURDES
 PHINMA- Cagayan de Oro College
STM 001
Student's Activity Sheet
Name:_________________________ Grade Level/ Section: _______________
Day/ Session #3

What is Slope?
Slope is calculated by finding the ratio of the "vertical change" to the
"horizontal change" between (any) two distinct points on a line. Sometimes the
ratio is expressed as a quotient ("rise over run"), giving the same number for
every two distinct points on the same line.

How do you find the slope of a line?

To calculate the slope of a line you need only two points from that line,
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2).

The equation used to calculate On a graph, this can be

the slope from two points is: represented as:

There are three steps in calculating the slope of a straight line when you are
not given its equation.

1. Step One: Identify two points on the line.

2. Step Two: Select one to be (x1, y1) and the other to be (x2, y2).
3. Step Three: Use the slope equation to calculate slope.

Example

Let's say that points (15, 8) and (10, 7) are on a straight line. What is the slope
of this line?

1. Step One: Identify two points on the line.

 In this example we are given two points, (15, 8) and (10, 7), on a straight
line.

2. Step Two: Select one to be (x1, y1) and the other to be (x2, y2).

It doesn't matter which we choose, so let's take (15, 8) to be (x2, y2). Let's
take the point (10, 7) to be the point (x1, y1).

3. Step Three: Use the equation to calculate slope.

Once we've completed step 2, we are ready to calculate the slope using
the equation for a slope:

We said that it really doesn't matter which point we choose as (x1, y1)
and the which to be (x2, y2). Let's show that this is true. Take the same two
points (15, 8) and (10, 7), but this time we will calculate the slope using
(15, 8) as (x1, y1) and (10, 7) as the point (x2, y2). Then substitute these into
the equation for slope:

We get the same answer as before!

Often you will not be given the two points, but will need to identify two
points from a graph. In this case the process is the same, the first step
being to identify the points from the graph. Below is an example that
begins with a graph.

Example
What is the slope of the line given in the graph?
The slope of this line is 2.
Solution to Example

What is the slope of the line given in the graph?

1. Step One: Identify two points on the line.

Let's calculate the slope of the line in the graph
above using the points A (1, 2) and B (3, 6).
2. Step Two: Select one to be (x1, y1) and the
other to be (x2, y2).
Let's take A (1, 2) to be (x1, y1). Let's take the
point B (3, 6) to be the point (x2, y2).
3. Step Three: Use the equation to calculate slope.

Therefore, the slope of our line is 2. This means for each positive change of 1
unit in the x variable, the y variable will increase 2 units. Remember, you can
choose any two points on the line to calculate the slope. Using the graph
above, calculate the slope using the Origin (0, 0) and point R (2, 4). If the Origin
(0, 0) is selected to be (x1, y1) and R (2, 4) to be the point (x2, y2), our resulting
slope comes out to be:

Again the slope is 2. You will find that regardless of what two points you choose
on a given straight line to calculate a slope, your answer will always be the
same. The slope for a given line is a constant.

Now, take a moment to compare the two lines which are on the same
graph.
 Notice that the line with the greater slope is the
steeper of the two. The greater the slope, the
steeper the line. Keep in mind, you can only
make this comparison between lines on a graph
if: (1) both lines are drawn on the same set of
axes, or (2) lines are drawn on different graphs
(i.e., using different sets of axes) where both
graphs have the same scale.

You are now ready to try a practice problem. If you have already completed
the first practice problem for this unit you may wish to try the additional
practice.

What is Slope-Intercept Form of a Line (y = mx + b)?

Slope-Intercept Form of a Line (y = mx + b)
The slope-intercept is the most “popular” form of a straight line. Many students
find this useful because of its simplicity. One can easily describe the
characteristics of the straight line even without seeing its graph because
the slope and y-intercept can easily be identified or read off from this form.
Quick notes:
The slope m measures how steep the line is with respect to the
horizontal. Given two points (x , y ) and (x , y ) found in the line, the
1 1 2 2

slope is computed as

The y-intercept b is the point where the line crosses the y-axis. Notice that
in the graph below, the red dot is always found on the main vertical axis of the
Cartesian plane. That is the basic characteristic of the y-intercept.
Let’s go over some examples of how to write the equation of a straight line in
linear form y = mx + b.

Examples of Applying the Concept of Slope-Intercept Form of a Line

Example 1: Write the equation of the line in slope-intercept form with a slope
of –5 and a y-intercept of 3.
The needed information to write the equation of the line in the
form y = mx + b are clearly given in the problem since
m = –5 (slope)
b = 3 (y-intercept)
Substituting in y = mx + b, we obtain
By having a negative slope, the line is decreasing/falling from left to right, and
passing through the y-axis at point (0, 3).

Example 2: Write the equation of the line in slope-intercept form with a slope of
7 and a y-intercept of –4.
The slope is given as m=7 and the y-intercept as b=–4. Substituting into the
slope-intercept formula y = mx + b, we have

The slope is positive thus the line is increasing or rising from left to right, but
passing through the y-axis at point (0, –4).

Example 3:
Write the equation of the line in slope-intercept with a slope of 9 and passing
through the point (0, –2).

This problem is slightly different from the previous two examples because the y-
intercept b is not given to us up front. So our next goal is to somehow figure out
what the value of b first.

However, if we examine the slope-intercept form, it should lead us to believe

that we have enough information to solve for b. How?
That means m=9, and from the given point (0, –2) we have x = 0 and y = –
2. Let’s substitute these known values into the slope-intercept formula and solve
for the missing value of b.

Now it is possible to write the slope-intercept form as

How about Applying the Concept of Slope-Intercept Form of a Line in Fraction

Form?

Example 4: Slope of and through the point (–1, –1).

The given slope is and from the given point (–1, –1), the values
of x and y can easily be identified.

Now plug in the known values into the slope-intercept form y = mx + b to solve
for b.

Make sure that when you add or subtract fractions that you generate a
common denominator.
After getting the value of b, we can now write the slope-intercept form of the
line.

Example 5: Slope of –6 and through the point .

The slope is given as m = –6 and from the point, we have and .

Substitute the known values into y = mx + b. Then solve the missing value of b.

Therefore, the slope-intercept form of the line is

Example 6: A line passing through the given two points (4, 5) and (0, 3).

In this problem, we are not provided with both the slope m and y-
intercept b. However, we should realize that the slope is easily calculated when
two points are known using the Slope Formula.

Slope Formula
The slope, m, of a line passing through two arbitrary points x1, y1 and x2, y2 is
calculated as follows…

If we let (4, 5) be the first point, then (0, 3) must be the second.

Labeling the components of each point should help in identifying the correct
values that would be substituted into the slope formula.

Based on the labeling above, now we know that

Next, write the slope formula, plug in the known values and simplify.
Great! We found the slope to be . The only missing piece of the puzzle is to
determine the y-intercept. Use the slope that we found, together with ANY of
the two given points. In this exercise, I will show you that we should arrive at the
same value of the y-intercept regardless which point is selected for the
calculation.

Finding the y-intercept

 Using the first point (4, 5).

 Using the second point (0, 3).

Indeed, the y-intercepts come out the same in both calculations. We can now
write the linear equation in slope-intercept form.
Below is the graph of the line passing through the given two points.

Here are some exercises. for you to answer. In this area there are two different
kinds of level/s, the Easy one and the Difficult one. Show your Solutions.

So Good luck!

EXERCISES!
EASY
1. Find the slope of the line that passes through the points (-1,0) and (3,8).

2. Find the slope of the line that passes through the points (2,0) and (2,4).

3. Find the slope of the line that passes through the points (7,4) and (-9,4).

4. Consider the two points R(-2,3) and S(0,-1) on the line. What would be the
slope of the line?

5. Find the slope of the line containing the points (-10,-6) and (-15,-6).
 DIFFICULT
1. What is the slope of the line perpendicular to the line whose equation is given
by -2y= -8x+9?

2. What is the slope of the line parallel to the line whose equation is given by -y=
-2x+4?

3. What is the slope of the line -7y+8x=9?

4. Find the slope of the line given by if equation: 2x+4y=10.

5. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the line 3x+6y=5.

ANSWER KEY!
4. Given : 2x+4y=10
EXERCISES! SOLUTION:

DIFFICULT
1. Given: -2y= -8x+9
Find slope of the line :y=mx+b

Solution:

5.

Given: 3x+6y=5

2. Given: -y= -2x+4?

Find the slope of the line: y=mx+b

Solution:

-(-y=-2x+4)

y=2x+4

m=2

Parallel: m=2

3. What is the slope of the line -7y+8x=9?

Solution:

y=mx+5

-7y+8x+9

-(-7y+8x+9)
ANSWER KEY! 4.) Given: R (-2,3) ; S(0,-1)

Find slope:
EXERCISES!
Solution:
EASY
1.) Given: P1(-1,0) P2 (3,8)

Find slope :

Solution:

5.) Given : P1(-10,-4) P2 (-15,-6).

2. ) Given : P1((2,0) P2 (2,4).
Find slope :
Find slope:
Solution:
Solution:

3.) Given: P1(-,0) P2 (3,8)

Find slope:

Solution: