1. Oblivion – It means an act of forgetfulness.

2. Department of National Defense (DND) – Receive and process the amnesty

applications and determine whether the applicants are covered.

3. Criminal liability - refers to responsibility for a crime and the penalty society
imposes for the crime.

4. Total extinction of criminal liability - means that the entire penalty is

extinguished, and there is no more criminal liability.

5. By prescription of the penalty - is the loss or forfeiture of the right of the

Government to execute the final sentence after the lapse of a certain time.

6. Civil Liability - is a legal obligation that requires a party to pay for damages or to
follow other court enforcements in a lawsuit.

7. Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) - refers to a detainee inmate or prisoner or

other person under confinement or custody in any other manner.

8. Good conduct time allowance (CTA) – may be granted to an inmate who

displays good behavior and who has no record of breach of discipline.

9. CTA of Detainee life termer – a detainee shall only be granted CGTA if he

voluntarily offers in writing to perform such labor as maybe assigned to him.

10. Revocation/Restoration of CTA - GCTA once granted shall not be revoked

without just cause.

11. Preventive imprisonment - is imposed upon a person before he/she is convicted,

if he/ she cannot afford bail, or if his/her criminal case is non-boilable.

12. Recognizance in the Philippines - A mode of securing the release of any person
in custody.

13. Person Deprived of Liberty - a person who has been arrested, held. In lawful
custody, detained, or imprisoned in execution of a lawful sentence;

14. Offender - a person convicted of committing a crime or offense.

15. Petition - a formal written request, typically one signed by many people,
appealing to authority with respect to a particular cause.

16. Accountability - refers to the processes, norms, and structures that hold the
population and public officials legally responsible for their actions.

17. Community sanctions - are sentences implemented in a community setting

rather than in a prison.

18. Community service - is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people

for the benefit and betterment of their community without any form of
compensation.

19. Punishment - is the infliction of some kind of pain or loss upon a person for a
misdeed.

20. Rehabilitation - is the process of re-educating and retraining those who commit
crime.

21. Reintegration programs - are designed to provide assistance to formerly

incarcerated persons in getting job training and finding a job.

22. Restorative Justice - is a process through which remorseful offenders accept

responsibility for their misconduct, particularly to their victims and to the
community.

23. Detainees- are those who are confined in correctional facilities awaiting judicial
verdict on their cases.

24. Status Offense – Non-criminal behavior, such as truancy and running away from
home that is in violation of law applicable to juveniles.

25. Technical Violation – A term used when a probationer violates a conditional rule
of probation.

26. Absconding Petitioner - Person whose application has given due course by the
court but fails to report to the probation officer of his location cannot be located.
27. Client - Refers to a parolee/pardonee who is placed under supervision of a
Probation and Parole Officer.

28. Post-Sentence Investigation/PSI - This is the vehicle used to find out the
petitioner’s legal qualifications and his suitability for probation.

29. Progress Report - Refers to the report submitted by the Probation and Parole
Officer on the conduct of the parolee/pardonee while under supervision.

30. Release Document - Refers to the Conditional Pardon/Absolute Pardon issued

by the President of the Philippines to a prisoner or to the “Discharge on Parole”
issued by the Board.

31. Sanctuary - A city or region or church where state agents were forbidden to enter
for purposes of arresting the accused.

32. Summary Report - Refers to the final report submitted by the Probation and
Parole Officer on his supervision of a parolee/pardonee as basis for the latter’s
final release and discharge.

33. Banishment - a punishment originating in ancient times, that required offenders

to leave the community and live elsewhere, commonly in the wilderness.

34. Mark System – is a system whereby credits, or marks, were awarded for good
behavior, a certain number of marks being required for release.

35. Transportation - a punishment in which offenders were transported from their

home nation to one of that nation's colony to work.

36. Amicus Curiae - is an individual or organization who is not a party to a legal

case, but who is permitted to assist a court by offering information.

37. Courtesy supervision - is supervision performed by department staff outside the

county of jurisdiction due to the youth's relocation.

38. Warrant of arrest - warrant authorizing and commanding the arrest of a specific
thing or person designated by name or by description.
39. Therapeutic Community (TC) is an environment that helps people get help while
helping others.

40. Defense Counsel/Counsel - lawyer of the petitioner.

41. Volunteerism - is a strategy by which the parole and probation administration

may be able to generate maximum citizen participation.

42. Initial Interview - within 5 working days from receipt of the court order, the
probation officer assigned shall interview the petitioner.

43. Mandatory Supervision - is a practice whereby an inmate is released prior to the

completion of their sentence due to legal technicalities which oblige the offender
justice system to free them.

44. Penal Superintendent - refers to the Officer-In-Charge of the New Bilibid Prison,
the Correctional Institution for women and the prison and penal farms of the
Bureau of Corrections;

45. Carpeta - refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of his
mittimus or commitment order issued by the Court after conviction.

46. Infraction Report - refers to the report submitted by the Probation and Parole
Officer on violations committed by a parolee/pardonee of the conditions of his
release on parole.

47. Arrest of Client - Upon receipt of an Infraction Report, the Board may order the
arrest or recommitment of the client.

48. Repealing Clause - All existing rules, regulations and resolutions of the Board
which are inconsistent with these Rules are hereby repealed or amended
accordingly.

49. Effectivity Clause - These Rules shall take effect upon approval by the Secretary
of Justice and fifteen (l5) days after its publication in a newspaper of general
circulation.
50. Conviction – is the judgment of a court based on the verdict of a judicial officer or
judge, that the accused is.

51. Retreatism – describes many violent crimes in which offenders have replaced
normal ideas of success with demonstration of individual toughness or powers.

52. As To the Number of Those Who Can Avail- pardon includes any crime and is
exercised individually by the Chief Executive.

53. As To the Time to Avail- pardon is exercised when the person is already
convicted, while amnesty may be given before trial or investigation is done.

54. As To the Consent of Congress- pardon is granted by the Chief Executive and
such is a private act, which must be pleaded and proved by the person pardoned
because the court takes no choice thereof.

55. As To the Effect- pardon is an act of forgiveness, it relieves the offender from the
consequences of the offense, while amnesty is an act of forgetfulness.

56. As To the Crime Committed- pardon is granted for infractions of the peace of the
State while amnesty, for crimes against sovereignty of the state.

57. Impeachment – The process by which a legislative body levels charges against a
government official.

58. Form of Release Document - The form of the Release Document shall be
prescribed by the Board and shall contain the latest 1” x1” photograph and right
thumb print of the prisoner.

59. Transfer of Residence – it is an approval of the Regional Director subject to the

confirmation by the Board to change the residence of pardonee.

60. Arrest of Client - Upon receipt of an Infraction Report, the Board may order the
arrest or recommitment of the client.
61. Effect of Recommitment of Client - The client who is recommitted to prison by
the Board shall be made to serve the remaining unexpired portion of the
maximum sentence.

62. Review of Case of Recommitted Parolee - The Board may consider the case of a
recommitted parolee for the grant of a new parole after the latter shall have
served one-fourth (1/4) of the unserved portion of his maximum sentence.

63. Hearing of the Violation of Probation - Once arrested and detained, the
probationer shall immediately be brought before the Trial Court for a hearing of
the violation charged.

64. Right to Counsel- In the hearing or proceeding for violation of probation

conditions, the probationer shall have the right to counsel of his own choice.

65. Release document - refers to the Conditional Pardon/Absolute Pardon issued by

the resident of the Philippines to a prisoner or to the “Discharge on Parole”
issued by the Board.

66. Determinate - has only one period in the sentence of the court.

67. Point in Time - After actual receipt of the Termination Order finally discharging
the probationer, the probation Office shall formally close the probation case and
keep the client’s case file.

68. Mode – Immediately after such closure of the probation case, the corresponding
probation records shall be archived, but not after the proper reporting is done.

69. Auburn Prison - it was the second state prison in New York, the site of the first
execution by electric chair in 1890. .

70. Borstal - a custodial institution for young offenders.

71. Borstal System - rehabilitation method formerly used in Great Britain for
delinquent boys aged 16 to 21.
72. Branding - stigmatizing is the process in which a mark, usually a symbol or
ornamental pattern, is burned into the skin of a living person.

73. Bridewell Prison and Workhouse - was the first correctional institution in
England and was a precursor of the modern prison.

74. Burning at Stake - a form of ancient punishment by tying the victim in a vertical
post and burning him/her.

75. Commitment Order - is an act of sending a person to prison by means of such a

warrant or order.

76. Death Row - refers to incarcerated persons who have been sentenced to death
and are awaiting execution.

77. Deterrence - a proponent of the classical theory, that punishment is to prevent

others from committing crime.

78. District Jail - is a cluster of small jails, each having a monthly average population
of ten or less inmates, and is located in the vicinity of the court.

79. Dungeon - a dark cell, usually underground where prisoners are confined.

80. Elmira Reformatory - It became known as a “death camp” because of the squalid
conditions and high death rate in its few years of operation.

81. Ergastulum - is a Roman prison used to confine slaves.

82. Exemplarity - the criminal is punished to serve as an example to others to deter

further commission of crime.

83. First Women's Prison - opened in Indiana 1873. Based on the reformatory
model.

84. Flogging - beat someone with a whip or stick as a punishment.

85. Halfway House - a center for helping former drug addicts, prisoners, psychiatric
patients.
86. Hedonism - the ethical theory that pleasure (in the sense of the satisfaction of
desires) is the highest good and proper aim of human life.

87. Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for inmates under investigation or

undergoing trial, or serving short-term sentences.

88. Justice - crime must be punished by the state as an act of retributive justice,
vindication of absolute right and moral law violated by the criminal.

89. Reformation- an act of restoring or the condition of being restored.

90. Penology - a branch of Criminology that deals with prison management and
reformation of criminals.

91. Stocks - an instrument of punishment consisting of a heavy timber frame with

holes in which the feet and sometimes the hands of an offender can be locked.

92. Operational capacity - the number of inmates that can be accommodated based
on a facility's staff, existing programs, and services.

93. Motu proprio- an official act taken without a formal requisite from another party.

94. Heinous crimes- typically involve some form of extraordinary personal injury or
death.

95. Escapee- a person who has escaped from somewhere, especially from prison.

96. Recidivist- is one who at the time of his trial for one crime, have been previously
convicted by final judgment of another crime.

97. Habitual delinquent- is a person who, “within a period of 10 years from the day of
released.

98. Reclusion Perpetua- any person any person sentenced to any perpetual
penalties shall be pardoned after undergoing the penalty of 30 years.

99. Human rights- defining those basic standard which are necessary for a life of
dignity.
100. Detainee – a person who has been officially to stay in prison.

101. Law Enforcement- This is considered as the prime mover of the CJS. In this
pillar, arrestor apprehension of the criminals is made.
102. Criminal justice system- used by a government to protect the society against
criminality and other peace and order.
103. Prosecution- In this pillar, evaluation and filing the case is made.
104. Court- This is considered as the body vested with the power to try, hear and
decide cases brought before it.
105. Correction – In this pillar, after being found guilty of a crime, will suffer a penalty
based on an institutional correction or non-institutional corrections.
106. Community- This is considered as the informal pillar.
107. Institutional correction – it is a system that refers to containing, housing, or
incapacitating people who have been found guilty of a crime.
108. Prison - refer to the penal establishment under the control of the Bureau of
Corrections and shall include the New Bilibid Prisons and other correctional
Institutions.
109. Benefit of Clergy - The earliest device for softening brutal severity of
punishment seems to have been the “benefit of clergy”.
110. Judicial Reprieve - another device for modifying the severity of the law, was a
temporary withholding of sentence, much used by the early English judges.
111. Recognizance - An even older method of suspending or deferring judgment, the
direct ancestors of probation, was recognizance or “binding over for good
behavior.
112. Transportation - Any description of the treatment of crime in England must
include the system of transportation to their colonies.
113. Subsidiary Imprisonment - A penalty that takes the place of the fine for
insolvent convicts.
114. Probation Officer’s Final Report - The City and Provincial Parole and Probation
Office shall submit to the Trial Court a PPA Form 9 thirty (30) days before the
expiration of the period of probation.
115. Probation -is a privilege granted by the court to a person convicted of a criminal
offense to remain in the community instead of actually going to prison/jail.
116. Petitioner – a convicted defendant who files an application for probation.
117. Probationer – a person who is under probation.
118. Probation Officer – public officer like the Chief Probation and Parole Officer
(CPPO), Supervising Probation and Parole Officer (SPPO).
119. Trial Court - refers to the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of the Province City
Municipal Court which has jurisdiction over the case.
120. Probation Office - refers either to the Provincial or City Probation Office directed
to conduct investigation.
121. Filling – application for probation shall be filed with the Trial Court which has
jurisdiction over the case.
122. Parole - the suspension of the sentence of the convict after serving the
minimum term of the intermediate penalty.
123. Sentence- is a set of words that are put together to mean something.
124. Probation Officer – refers to the Provincial or City Probation Office directed to
conduct investigation/supervision referrals as the case may be.
125. Probation Order – order of the trial court granting probation.
126. Subsidiary Imprisonment – a penalty that takes the place of the fine for
involvement convicts.
127. Institutional Corrections – The concept of housing criminals for public safety
purpose.
128. Correction - is the weakest pillar of CS because of its failure to reform convicted
offenders and return them as a law-abiding citizen in the community.
129. Incarceration - the act of putting or keeping someone in prison or in a place
used as a prison.
130. Restitution - is there imbursement to the victim made by the offender, most
often with money through occasionally with services.
131. Proclamation - is an official announcement that publicly recognizes an initiative
or observance.
132. Bail – monetary amount for or condition of pre-trial release from custody of law.
Or a money payment in return for which a defendant is given freedom pending
trial or appeal.
133. Bail Bond – it is a multi-party contract involving the state, the accused will
appear in subsequent proceedings.
134. Impeachment - is a constitutional remedy addressed to serious offenses
against the system of government.
135. Youth Offender - is defined as a child, minor or youth who is over nine years
but under eighteen years of age at the time of the commission of the offense.
136. Sentence - in law, is the penalty imposed by the court in a criminal case against
a person, known as the “accused”, who is found guilty of committing the crime
charged.
137. Bureau of Correction - where the penalty imposed exceeds three years, the
offender shall serve his or her sentence in the penal institutions of the BuCor.
138. Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for inmates under investigation or
undergoing trial, or serving short-term sentences.
139. Prison - refers to the national prisons or penitentiaries managed and supervised
by the Bureau of Corrections, an agency under the Department of Justice.
140. Liability - the state of being responsible for something, especially by law.
141. Civil liability - is a legal obligation that requires a party to pay for damages it to
follow other court enforcements in a lawsuit.
142. Parole And Probation Administration (PPA) - is an attached agency of the
Department of Justice which provides a less costly alternative to imprisonment
of offenders.
143. Restorative Justice (RJ) - is a philosophy and a process whereby stakeholders
in a specific offense resolve collectively how to deal with the aftermath of the
offense.
144. Volunteer Probation Assistant (VPA) Program - is a strategy by which the
Parole and Probation Administration may be able to generate maximum citizen
participation.
145. Therapeutic Community (TC) - is a self-help social learning treatment model
used in the rehabilitation of drug offenders and other clients with behavioral
problems.
146. Board of Pardons and Paroles - releases prisoners on parole and recommends
the grant of presidential pardons.
147. Regional PPO – Head of regional parole and probation office.
148. Secretary of Justice – the recommending authority for the head of the regional
parole and probation office.
149. Technical Service – It refers to the service arm of the BPP.
150. PPA – responsible for giving a least costly alternative to imprisonment.
151. President – the appointing authority for the head of PPA and assistant of the
head.
152. Parole Supervision – refers to the supervision/surveillance by a Probation and
Parole Officer of a parolee/pardonee.
153. Administrator – refers to the Administrator of the Parole and Probation
Administration.
154. Release Document - refers to the Conditional Pardon/Absolute Pardon issued
by the President of the Philippines to a prisoner or to the “Discharge on Parole”
issued by the Board.
155. Executive Clemency -the power of a President in state convictions, to pardon a
person convicted of crime, commute the sentence.
156. Pardon - an act of executive clemency by a head of state for the purpose of
exempting an individual from the punishment imposed upon him by a court of
law.
157. Absolute Pardon – It is an absolute pardon when it is granted by the Chief
Executive without any conditions attached.
158. Conditional Pardon - It is conditional when it is granted by the Chief Executive
subject to the conditions imposed on the recipient and accepted by him.
159. Commutation of Sentence - It is a change of the decision of the court made by
the Chief Executive by reducing the degree of the penalty inflicted upon the
convict.
160. Reprieve - is a temporary stay of the execution of a sentence. As in pardon,
reprieve can only be exercised by the President when the sentence has
become final.
161. Clemency – simply means leniency or mercy. It is based on the policy of
fairness, justice and forgiveness.
162. Remission of fines and forfeitures - entails non-collection of money or property
lawfully adjudged but it does not have the effect of returning property already in
the legal possession.
163. Impeachment – The process by which a legislative body levels charges against
a government official.
164. Amnesty - a general pardon extended to a group of persons generally
exercised by the Chief Executive with the concurrence of congress.
165. Express Amnesty- is one granted in direct terms such as Presidential
proclamation or a law enacted by the legislature granting amnesty.
166. Implied Amnesty - takes place in international law when a treaty of peace is
made between contending parties in domestic or municipal law.
167. General Amnesty - is granted to a whole class of persons within the territorial
domain.
168. Selected or Limited Amnesty - covers a segment of a particular class only or
the portion of the sovereign’s territorial jurisdiction.
169. Conditional Amnesty - when the grant of amnesty is subject to the fulfillment of
certain requisites, such as the filling of an application.
170. Unconditional Amnesty- expressed in broad terms and does not lay down
specific requirements and procedures.
171. Law- are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to
regulate behavior.
172. Recognition- an act of recognizing or the state of being recognized.
173. OPAPP- (Office of presidential adviser on the peace process) is the office
mandated to oversee, coordinate.
174. Justice- is the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law,
natural law, fairness, religion and/or equity. Justice is the result of the fair and
proper administration of law.
175. Offense- refer to conducts or omissions that violate and are punishable under
criminal law.
176. Crime- as an act committed or omitted in violation of public law forbidding or
commanding it.
177. Treatment- focuses on the present and future well being of the individual rather
than the commission of prohibited acts.
178. Mercy- refers to compassionate behavior from a person in power, such as
when a judge shows clemency, leniency or mercy during sentencing.
179. Statutory right- To be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved beyond
reasonable doubt.
180. Court termination- the ruling by a judge that all or a portion (one or more of the
causes of action) of the plaintiff's lawsuit is terminated (thrown out) at that point
without further evidence or testimony.
181. Insolvency- refers to the inability of a company or an individual to pay debts.
182. Receipt- A legal document evidencing a buyer has purchased and taken
possession of the goods.
183. Determinate sentence- has only one period in the sentence of the court.
184. Release- to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude.
185. Sentenced- is the punishment a judge or magistrate decides should be given to
someone who has been convicted of a crime.
186. Parole infraction- is usually the breaking of a law, rule, or agreement.
187. Search warrant- is a written order, signed by a judge, directing a law
enforcement officer to conduct a search of a person.
188. Absconding probationer- A probationer who has not reported for initial
supervision within the prescribed period.
189. Investigation- is the act or process of investigating or the condition of being
investigated.
190. Information- is essentially communicated knowledge, or in other words a form of
communication.
191. Judge- a person who is in charge of a trial in a court and decides how a person
who is guilty of a crime should be punished.
192. Evidence- an item or information proffered to make the existence of a fact more
or less probable.
193. Compliance- is the process by which a company adheres to the complex rules,
policies and procedures that regulate business practices in a particular
jurisdiction.
194. Sexual victimization- a sexual act that is committed or attempted by another
person without freely given consent of the victim.
195. Parenting education- programs that implement organized and planned
meetings designed to support parents' efforts to enhance their children's.
196. Anger Management- is to reduce both your emotional feelings and the
physiological arousal that anger causes.
197. Brutal punishment- punishment that is very harsh and too severe for the crime.
198. Jurisdiction- Power of a court to adjudicate cases and issue orders.
199. Officer- person who has an obligation to promote justice and uphold the law
200. Rehabilitation- a set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and
reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their
environment.
 SCHOOL OF CRIMONOLOGY
AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
PHINMA CAGAYAN DE ORO COLLEGE

200 DEFINITION
OF TERMS IN NON-
INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTION
RESPECTIVE TEACHER: MA’AM. JOCEL ABID MONTIL

CRIMINOLOGY STUDENT: LABADAN, JEANIE ROSE J.

SECTION: BSCRIM03-12