Motor Skills
 General: Children develop gross
motor skills from head to toe
Myelination of nerves happens
from head to toe during first year
of life
First lift up head (neck), then roll
(with arms), then sit (waist), crawl
(knees), stand, and walk
Goal: First year = walking and be
able to have a pinch grasp
15 months = walk well
18 months = throws objects
2 years = up and down stairs
3 years = Tricycle (3 wheels, 3
years), jump in place
4 years = balance on 1 foot for four
seconds
5 years = skip (5kip)
Emotional/Social
 2 months: smile at people, make eye
contact with caregiver
 4 months: smile spontaneously,
enjoys interacting with people,
copies facial expressions
 6 months: stranger anxiety
 9 months: pat-a-cake, peek-a-boo
 12 months: repeats sounds or actions
to get attention, follows simple
directions
 18 months: temper tantrums, enjoys
simple pretend
 2 years: copies others, more
independence, likes the word “no”
 3 years: How to take turns, shows
concern for upset friends
 4 years: cooperates with other
children, cannot tell real and make
believe
 5 years: starts to recognize what is
real, is aware of gender
Cognitive
 1y: understands object
penetrance, understands and
responds to words
 2y: can use symbols,
understands objects and their use
 3y: repeat 3 digit, point and
count to 3 object
 4y: repeats 4 digits
 5y: Counts 10 objects correctly
Language and Communication
 Goal of first year = one word
(with meaning)
 15 words at 1.5 years
 20 words at 20th month
 3 numbers at 3 years