Parking Standards PDF

CODE OF PRACTICE
VEHICLE PARKING PROVISION

in DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS
2011 Edition Development & Building Control Division

CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR VEHICLE PARKING PROVISION
IN DEVELOPMENTS
(2011)
Purpose
This Code of Practice (COP) outlines the requirements of the Parking

Places (Provision of Parking Places and Parking Spaces) Rules (“the
Rules”) for the provision of parking places and spaces. It also cites
examples of good practices in the industry. Diagrams, sketches and
photographs are used to illustrate some of the parking requirements
and practices.
The Rules stipulates the following:
a) The minimum number of parking spaces to be provided for various

uses; and
b) The minimum dimensions of such parking spaces, circulation aisle,
access ramps and other details on the arrangement of the parking
place and spaces.
c) The conditions, including payment of money, under which the
Land Transport Authority (LTA) may grant a waiver on the parking
provision.
In using the information in this COP, users should always make

reference to the Rules. The Authority reserves the right to impose
conditions on individual development proposal not covered in the
COP, on a case-by-case basis.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Code of Practice on Vehicle Parking Provision in Development Proposals -2011 Edition
Forward to Users
There are two key considerations a Qualified Person (QP) must take
when designing a parking place. The first is the parking space
requirement and the second is the layout of the parking place.
The first principle encapsulates the policy of self-sufficiency in

parking supply. Each development must provide adequate parking
spaces to meet its own parking demand. However, the Rules stipulate
a minimum provision standard to provide developments the flexibility
of providing additional parking spaces if the need is established. QPs
must balance the often conflicting requirements for the different uses
in the building space in order to both serve the primary economic
activities of the development and meet the parking needs of
occupiers, tenants and customers.
The second principle ensures the provision of a safe and functional

parking place layout to facilitate smooth and convenient passage for
motorists. QPs should design the parking place with this in mind.
While the minimum dimensions of a parking place stipulated in the
Rules meet the space and manoeuvring requirements of most vehicles
in Singapore, provision in excess of the minimum dimensions may be
made to further enhance the layout of the parking place.
Where land comes at a premium and competing uses in the

development constraints the provision of conventional parking spaces,
mechanised parking systems offer a feasible option for providing
parking spaces. These systems typically operate either on a stacking
basis or a storage basis. Car lifts then replace the conventional ramp
system for access to the parking place. Mechanised parking systems
can be incorporated in a parking place as long as they meet the
requirements stipulated in the Rules. QPs must give due
consideration to the safety of motorists, pedestrians and vehicles in
the design of mechanical parking systems as it involves heavy moving
machinery, to avoid harm and damage to property.
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Disclaimer
The contents of this Code of Practice (COP) are subject to revision

from time to time. A circular will be sent to inform the professional
organisations of changes. Users are advised that this COP is a guide to
the Rules. Where there are ambiguities or perceived conflicting
requirements, the Rules will have precedence. Users are also advised
to consult the LTA at as early a stage in their development as possible
to ensure that the needs of the developer are met holistically.
While every endeavour is made to ensure that the information

provided is correct, the Authority disclaim all liability for any changes
or loss that may be caused as a result of an error or omission in the
COP.
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CONTENTS
Page
Chapter 1 Provision of Parking Spaces 7
Chapter 2: Parking Layout Dimensions 13
Chapter 3: Mechanised Parking Systems 31
Chapter 4: Good Practices 43
Chapter 5: Plan Submission Procedure 58
Appendix A Parking provision standards 64
Appendix B Types of developments exempted from 74

deficiency charge
Appendix C Samples of Computation for Parking 75

Requirement
Appendix D Map showing the Central Area for the rates of 78

deficiency charge
Appendix E Types of developments exempted from 79

obtaining vehicle parking clearance
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Definitions
Unless otherwise stated, the definition of the following terms is as

follows.
Authority means the Land Transport Authority (LTA)
Competent means the Competent Authority appointed under

Authority the Planning Act
Qualified Person means a person who is registered either as:
a) an architect under the Architects Act; or

b) a professional engineer under the
Professional Engineers Act
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CHAPTER 1: PROVISION OF PARKING SPACES
Overview
The Parking Places (Provision of Parking Places and Parking Spaces)

Rules stipulate the minimum parking provision to give developers the
flexibility to provide more parking spaces if they so desire.
Developments can provide more parking lots than this stipulated
minimum to meet their own parking demand.
This chapter illustrates the method adopted for the computation of the
minimum number of parking spaces a development is required to
provide.
Under the Range-Based Car Parking Standards (RCPS) developers are

given the flexibility to provide up to 20% less than the stipulated
standard for non-residential uses, and residential use in Zone 1 and 2.
1.1 Parking Provision
The minimum parking provision standards for the various development

uses are given in Appendix A. The actual number of parking lots
provided is left to individual developers to determine. Developers have
to decide how they will balance the different uses for their building
space to maximize returns and meet the parking needs of tenants and
customers. Parking requirements are usually based on the gross floor
area quantum or the number of units of the development uses.
Where a parking standard is not available for a proposed use, the QP

may carry out his own assessment on the parking requirement and
submit it with justification to the Authority for approval.
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1.2 Zonal Standards
Zonal car parking requirements are stipulated for commercial and

entertainment uses. For this purpose, Singapore island is divided into
three (3) zones.
Zone 1 comprises of the city (Restricted Zone) and the Marina Bay. Zone
2 refers to the areas within 400m radius from rapid transit system (RTS)
stations outside Zone 1. The rest of the island forms Zone 3. The maps
showing the Zone l and 2 can be found in LTA’s website.
1.3 Range-Based Car Parking Standard (RCPS)
The Rules permit a range-based car parking provision for non-

residential developments island-wide and residential developments in
Zones 1 and 2. Under this standard, developers can provide up to 20%
less car park lots than the prevailing standard. This will enable
developers to better match the parking provision with their assessment
of demand based on operational and business considerations. This
allowance is not applicable to lorry, loading/unloading bays and coach
parking requirements and public housing developments.
The prevailing minimum car parking standard is designated as the Car

Parking Standard (CPS). Under the RCPS, developers will have the
flexibility to provide car park spaces at the CPS for the particular land
use, or to reduce the parking provision by up to 20% below the CPS.
Residential developments that provide car parking spaces lesser than

the number of dwelling units will have to inform buyers of the parking
situation upfront in the Option to Purchase and Sales & Purchase
Agreement. For existing buildings and those that are sold, consent must
be obtained from the owners of the units.
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1.4 Other Considerations
Parking provision serving a development must be made concurrent or

prior to the completion within the site of the development use.
Temporary parking provision cannot be considered as provision to meet
the minimum parking requirement of a permanent development.
Deletion and conversion of existing parking spaces is not permitted if it

results in parking deficiency in the development. That is, after deletion
and conversion, the remaining number of parking spaces must be
sufficient to meet the minimum requirement of the existing, proposed
and approved development.
Where existing parking spaces serving building/s are temporarily

displaced for construction work, interim-parking provision in the
vicinity of the building/s should be provided.
The requirement for the number of accessible parking lots shall be

computed and provided for in accordance with the BCA’s Code on
Accessibility in the Built Environment (Accessibility Code). They shall be
over and above the LTA’s minimum parking requirements.
Use of mechanised parking system to create more storage space for

cars and car lifts to replace the conventional ramps are allowed.
Guidelines for provision of mechanised parking system and car lifts are
given in Chapter 3 of this COP.
1.5 Motor-Cycle Parking
To prevent indiscriminate parking of motor-cycles at the nearby

pavements and carriageways, developers are encouraged to provide
motor-cycle parking lots within their developments. They may also
allow delivery motor-cyclists to park at their loading/unloading bays to
facilitate delivery by these motor-cyclists.
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1.6 Computation for the Number of Parking Spaces Required
The parking provision standards in Appendix A should be used to

calculate the minimum number of parking spaces to provide. The
calculation for the number of parking spaces required is to be rounded
to the nearest integer. It is important to note that the rounding off is
done for each use before adding up to obtain the total requirement for
the development. Common areas shared by two or more uses, are
computed together with main use of the development. Refer to sample
computation of parking requirement in Appendix C.
For Additions/Alterations and/or Extension proposals where the floor

area information of the existing development is not available, the
computation for additional parking requirement will be based on the
increase in floor area of the proposal.
For Change of Use proposal, the difference in parking requirements of

the proposed use and the existing approved use of the development
gives the additional number of parking spaces to be provided. Please
refer to sample car parking computation for a change of use proposal in
Appendix C.
Fully restored development in a gazetted conservation area is exempted

from parking provision if the development is conserved according to
URA conservation requirements. Clearance for parking provision from
LTA is not required for a full conservation building.
However, new developments in conservation areas are required to

comply with the parking provision for the whole development within the
site. For conserved buildings with rear or side extension that comply
with URA conservation requirements, the conserved portion of the
building is exempted from parking provision. However, the extension is
subject to normal parking requirements. A sample computation of the
car parking requirement for a conserved building with rear extension is
illustrated in Appendix C.
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Service
road
Conserved Portion Rear Extension
Fig 1.1 Conserved building with rear extension
1.7 Deficiency Charge For Waiver On Parking Provision
Present Parking Standards stipulate minimum parking requirements. All

effort must be made to comply with these requirements within the
development site. LTA will only waive provision for the number of
deficient parking spaces if it is satisfied that it is technically and
physically impossible to make full parking provision. There should also
be permanent public car parks in the vicinity to support the deficiency.
If a QP is unable to provide the required number of parking spaces in a

development, he is required to justify that it is technically not possible
to provide the deficient parking spaces, and that the deficiency would
not result in illegal/indiscriminate parking causing amenity problems.
Application to LTA for waiver on the provision should be made prior to
submission of the proposed development to the Competent Authority
for approval. Please refer to Chapter 5 for submission procedure for
application for waiver/modification on the parking provision.
Unless exempted under the Rules (see Appendix B for the types of
developments exempted), deficiency charge is imposed for the deficient
number of parking spaces waived by LTA.
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Where temporary written permission is granted by the Competent
Authority, the deficiency charge payable for non-provision of the
required parking spaces is 20% of the full charge for each year or part
thereof of the written permission up to 5 years.
The rates of deficiency charge for non-provision of the minimum

required number of parking spaces are given in Table 1.1.
Location of
Development Proposal Rate of Deficiency Charge
Central Area $32,000 per deficient car parking space
Outside Central Area $16,000 per deficient car parking space
$40,000 per deficient lorry, loading/

Whole Island
unloading or coach space
Table 1.1: Rates of Deficiency Charge
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CHAPTER 2: PARKING LAYOUT DIMENSIONS
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Overview
The Parking Places (Provision of Parking Places and Parking Spaces)

Rules stipulate the minimum parking layout dimensions for cars,
heavy vehicles and motor-cycles parking places. When designing a
parking place QPs must ensure that all the dimensions are met. Where
necessary, provision in excess of the requirement should be made to
meet the actual demand of the development.
Columns, ducts, services and other items that would affect the
standard parking dimensions must be clearly indicated on the plans.
These items, in a completed/constructed parking place, must not
hinder the minimum dimensions specified in the Rules. QP should also
consider the good practices in Chapter 4 in their design and
implementation of the parking place.
2.1 Car Parking Places
2.1.1 Minimum dimensions of parking stalls
A Parking Stall refers to the space for parking of one motorcar,

that is, a car parking lot. The space of the stall should be
rectangular. The longer side is known as length and the shorter
side is the width. In parallel parking, the longer side is parallel
to the parking aisle or driveway.
The minimum dimensions required of a car parking stall are as

follows:
Stall width: 2400mm
Stall length: 4800mm
Stall length for parallel parking: 5400mm
The area of each stall shall be flat and free from kerbs and other
encumbrances.
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2400
5400
Parallel Parking
Angled Parking
Parking Aisle /
4800 Driveway 2400
Fig 2.1: Minimum Dimensions of Car Parking Stalls
Where there is an object or obstruction, adjacent to a stall,

located within the middle 2800mm of the parking length, the
parking stall shall be widened. If the obstruction is on one side,
the minimum stall width shall be 2700mm. If the obstruction is
on both sides, then the minimum stall width shall be 3000mm.
Any large element above 175mm such as columns, walls or
ducts constitutes an obstruction.
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Parking Aisle
2400 2400 2400 3000 2700 2400
4800
2800
A B C
Obstruction Free Zone (middle 2800mm)

Obstruction (column)
Fig 2.3: Parking stalls with adjacent obstructions
Stall A: without any obstruction within Obstruction Free Zone

Stall B: with obstruction on both sides
Stall C: with obstruction on one side
For parallel parking, where cars cannot be parked by reversing

or where there are obstructions at its ends, minimum stall
length shall be 7200mm.
Angled Parking
Parking Aisle
Cannot reverse
into lot
5400 7200
2400
Parallel Parking
Fig 2.4: Parking stall that cannot be parked by reversing

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2.1.2 Minimum Width of Parking Aisle
A parking aisle refers to an access lane or driveway with

adjacent parking stalls.
Parking angle is the angle measured between the longer side
of the parking stall and the line of traffic flow of the aisle.
Traffic Flow refers to the direction of vehicle movement.
The minimum width of parking aisle shall be as follows:
Parking 1-way Traffic Flow 2-way Traffic Flow
Angle Bays on 1 Bays on 2 Bays on 1 or 2 sides

side sides
Parallel 3600mm 3600mm 6000mm
30° 3600mm 4200mm 6300mm
45° 4200mm 4800mm 6300mm
60° 4800mm 4800mm 6600mm
90° 6000mm 6000mm 6600mm
6000
3600 3600
Bay on 1-side Bays on 2-side

1-way traffic flow 1-way traffic flow 2-way traffic flow
Fig 2.5 Parallel Parking Aisle
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30°
30° 30°
30°
30°
3600
4200
6300
Bay on 1-side Bays on 2-side

Fig 2.6 30°-Angled Parking Aisle
45°
45° 45°
45° 45°
4200 4800
6300
Bay on 1-side Bay on 2-side

_______________________________________________________________________________________
60° 60°
60°
60° 60°
4800 4800
6600

6000 6000 6600

Parking Aisle
Fig 2.10 Typical parking aisle
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2.1.3 Minimum dimensions of Clearway Ramps and Accessways
Clearway ramps are inclined floors that provide access between

two levels. Clearway ramps do not have parking stalls adjacent
to them.
Accessway refers to a driveway that provides access to the

parking place. Acessways do not have adjacent parking stalls.
Single-lane is a lane where only one vehicle can pass through at

any given time.
Multi-lane is where more than one vehicle can pass through at

any given time and there is no physical separation/divider
between the lanes. Divider may be in the form of kerbs, railings,
parapet and walls.
Inside lane of curve is to the innermost lane, nearest to the

centre point of curve.
Outside lane of curve refers to any lane positioned after the

innermost lane.
Inside radius of lane of curved accessway and driveway is the

distance measured from the inside curve edge to the centre
point of the curve.
Maximum gradient is the steepest gradient of ramp measured

along the centre line of the ramp. Gradient refers to the ratio of
the inclination of the ramp (height:length).
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Single-lane Multi-lanes
Width of straight clearway ramp 3600mm 3000mm per lane
and accessway
Width of inside lane of curved 4200mm 3600mm per lane
clearway ramp and accessway
Width of outside lane of curved 4200mm 3300mm per lane
clearway ramp and accessway
Inside radius of curved clearway 4500mm
ramp and accessway
Gradient of clearway ramp and 1:10 (10%) Preferred
accessway 1:8.3 (12%) Maximum
Clearway
Accessway Accessway
:1 p
t 1 am
0
ien y r
ad wa
Gr lear
C
PARKING STALLS
Straight
Inside radius
Min 4.5m
Accessway
Straight
Fig 2.11 Example of clearway ramp and accessway
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3600mm 3000mm
3000mm
Single- Multi-lane
lane
Note:
1) More than one Lane is considered
Multi- Lane
2) Number of Lane does not depend on
the direction of traffic flow and has no
physical divider.
Fig 2.12 Example of straight, single & multi-lanes
Minimum
3600mm
Fig 2.13 Example of a single, straight lane
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Min. 3000 per lane
(multi-lane on straight,)
no physical divider
Fig 2.14 Example of a straight, multi-lane
DIVIDER
Inside Outside
4200
Single
lane
Inside
4200
4200
Single
lane
Min. Min.
4.5 M 4.5 M
NOTE:
More than one Lane without physical separation
is considered as Multi Lane and It doesn't depend
on direction of traffic flow
Inside Single - Lane
Fig 2.15: Example of curved, single & multi-lanes
Minimum
4200
Fig 2.16 Example of a single, curved lane
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Inside Outside
Inside Outside
Divider Divider
4200
4200
4200
4200
R 4.5m R 4.5m
Fig 2.17 Example of curved, single-lane separated by physical divider
Divider Divider
Outside
Outside
Inside
Inside
R 4.5m R 4.5m
3300 3300 3300 3600 3300 3300 3300 3600
Note:
More than 1-lane is considered multi-lane.
No. of lane does not depend on traffic flow direction
Fig 2.18 Example of curved, multi-lane separated by physical divider
Divider Divider
Outside
Outside
Inside
Inside
R 4.5m R 4.5m
4200 4200 4200 4200 3300 3600

Note:
More than 1-lane without physical separation is
considered multi-lane and it does not depend on
traffic flow direction
Fig 2.19 Example of curved, outside single-lane separated by physical

divider
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No Divider
R 4.5m
3300 3600
Inner Outer
Divider
R 4.5m
4200 4200
Inner Outer
Fig 2.20 Example of U-turns
wall/kerb
divider
Min. 4200 Min. 4200 Min. 4500

(Single, outer lane) (Single, inner lane) (Inner radius
of curve)
Fig 2.21 Example of single, curved lanes
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Min. 4200
(Single curved lane)
Min. 4200
(Single, inner
curved lane)
Separated by wall Min.4500

(inner radius of curve)
Fig 2.22 Example of single curved lanes
Where a curve ramp/driveway meets a straight ramp/driveway,

the joint must be extended beyond the tangent point of the
curve. Adequate transition of ramp grades at floor levels shall be
provided. This can be satisfactorily achieved by the provision of
a straight slope 3.0 m to 3.6 m long at half the grade of the
ramps.
Transition starts
from here
1:10 ramp
at centre
of path
R 4.5m 3.6m
Adequate
transition
Adequate
transition
3.6m
Fig 2.23 Transition at the start & end of a ramp
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2.1.4 Minimum dimensions of adjacent parking ramps (sloping floor)
Parking ramps are inclined floors that provide access to adjacent

parking stalls. These are sloping aisles with parking stalls
adjacent to them. The gradient of parking ramps shall preferably
be 1:25 (4%) and the maximum gradient shall not be steeper
than 1:20 (5%).
Ramp gradient:
1:25 (preferred)
1:20 (max)
ADJACENT PARKING RAMPS
PARKING
S SS S
INSIDE RADIUS Min. 4.5
Fig 2.24 Example of a parking ramp
2.1.5 Minimum headroom
The minimum headroom or height clearance from floor level to

the underside of any projections including beams, direction
signs, sprinkler heads, electrical fittings, etc shall be 2200mm.
beam
2200mm
Fig 2.25 Minimum headroom clearance
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Minimum
2200
Fig 2.26 Example of minimum headroom clearance
2.2 Heavy Vehicle Parking Provision
Heavy vehicle parking provision refers to lorry, coach, loading &

unloading and bus spaces required under the Rules. They are
categorised into three groups.
a) Rigid-framed vehicles of length < 7.5m

b) Rigid-framed vehicles of length > 7.5m
c) Articulated vehicles (eg. prime movers, 20',40' & 45'
trailers)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2.1 Minimum Dimensions for heavy vehicle parking
Items Rigid-framed Rigid-framed Articulated vehicles

vehicles of vehicles of (eg. prime movers,
length < 7.5m length > 7.5m 20',40' & 45'
trailers)
a) Parking stall:
- Parallel parking 9.3m x 3.0m 14.0m x 3.3m 19.0m x 3.3m
- Angled parking 7.5m x 3.0m 12.0m x 3.3m 14.0m x 3.3m
b) Width of parking 1-Way 2-Way 1-Way 2-Way 1-Way 2-Way

aisle: flow flow flow flow flow flow
- Parallel parking 3.6m 7.4m 4.5m 7.4m 4.5m 7.4m
- 300-parking 3.6m 7.4m 4.5m 7.4m 7.0m 7.4m
- 450-parking 5.0m 7.4m 5.5m 7.4m 9.5m 9.5m
- 600-parking 6.5m 7.4m 7.0m 7.4m 11.0m 11.0m
- 900-parking 9.0m 9.0m 11.0m 11.0m 12.0m 12.0m
c) Width of
Accessway
-On Straight 1-way traffic 1-way traffic 1-way traffic flow:
flow: 4.5m; flow: 4.5m 4.5m
2-way traffic 2-way traffic 2-way traffic flow:
flow: 7.4m flow:7.4m 7.4m
- On Curve 5.5m per lane 7.5m per lane 9.0m per lane
(6.0m for 20' trailer)
d) Inside turning 6.0m 6.0m 6.0m
radius of curve
e) Maximum gradient
of ramp:
- Straight ramp
- Curved ramp 1:12 1:12 1:15
1:15 1:15 1:20
f) Headroom 4.2m 4.2m 4.5m

clearance (exclude (4.75m at ramps)
double -
decker)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Headroom=4500
(on flat ground)
Headroom = 4750
(on ramp)
Fig 2.27 Headroom for clearance articulated heavy vehicles (eg. prime
movers, 20', 40' & 45' trailers)
2.3 Motor-cycle Parking Provision
Minimum dimensions of motor-cycle parking stall:

- 800mm x 2400mm
Preferred dimensions of motor-cycle parking stall:

- 1000mm x 2500mm
Developers are encouraged to provide motor-cycle parking stalls

within their developments. These motor-cycle stalls can be
provided at corners or any available space within the parking place,
preferably isolated from car parking. They should not obstruct
movement of other vehicles and pedestrians. If provided next to
car parking lots, it is recommended that a gap of 500mm to
1000mm be provided between the car and motor-cycle lots.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Parking aisle
1000
2500
1000
Fig 2.28 Preferred dimensions of motor-cycle stalls
Fig 2.29: Examples of motor-cycle provision
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CHAPTER 3: MECHANISED PARKING SYSTEMS & CAR LIFTS
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Overview
This part explains the guidelines for the provision of mechanised

parking system and lifts in parking places. As mechanical systems
evolve with time, the guidelines are general in nature. Each parking
proposal would be evaluated on its merit.
3.1 General
Mechanised parking systems are innovative solution to

provide parking needs. In using mechanised parking
systems, typically space used for ramps and driveway is
significantly reduced. Designers should take into
consideration the user experience in selecting the most
appropriate system. Essentially, any mechanised system
should provide a greater degree of comfort and
convenience to users. Mechanised systems should not
cause limitations to the type of cars that can use the
system as compared to conventional parking spaces.
Developers should make known to purchasers or users
upfront about the provision of mechanised parking in a
development.
Mechanised parking systems can be broadly categorised

under two groups:
a. Lateral Displacement Systems; and

b. Vertical Systems.
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In lateral displacement systems, cars are parked on
moveable platforms. The platforms can move
automatically along guide-rails that are laid flat on the
floor to make passageway for unimpeded access and
driving away.
In vertical systems, cars are parked either on vertical

ferries-wheel or lifted vertically and positioned into
storage spaces. Such systems allow cars to be parked
and retrieved automatically.
For new parking proposals fitted with approved

mechanised parking systems would be considered as
provision for meeting the requirement under the Parking
Places (Provision of Parking Places and Parking Spaces)
Rules.
In existing car parks, if additional parking spaces were

provided with mechanised parking system, any
deficiency charges previously paid would not be
refundable.
Some examples of mechanised parking systems are

given in Figures 3.1 to 3.4.
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Fig 3.1 Lateral displacement system
Fig 3.2 Stack-type vertical system
Fig 3.3 Puzzle-type vertical system
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Fig 3.4 Tower-type vertical system
3.2 Guidelines for mechanised parking places
These guidelines deal with the car parking provision

and layout aspect. Notwithstanding the guidelines,
each mechanised parking proposal shall be evaluated
on its own merit. Designers would be required to
seek clearances or approvals on other operational
aspects of the system, such as fire system, security
etc. from other relevant authorities. The mechanism
of the system does not come under the jurisdiction of
the Authority.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.2.1 Requirements for lateral displacement systems
Platform size (min) 5.4m long x

2.4m wide
Min. manoeuvring space 3.0m
(sideways)
Min. manoeuvring space 7.2m
(lengthways)
Min. clear driveway width (after
installation)
- 1-way traffic 3.6m
- 2-way traffic 6.0m
Table 3.1 Requirements for lateral parking system
7.2 m
5.4 m 3.6 m
Fig 3.5 Critical dimensions for lateral parking system
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6.0 m
3.0 m
Fig 3.6 Critical dimensions for lateral parking system
3.2.2 Requirements for vertical displacement

systems
Platform size 5.4m long x
2.4m wide
Holding bay At entrance
and exit
Height limit 2.2m clear
Table 3.2 Requirements for vertical parking system
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5.4 m
2.2 m
Fig 3.7 Critical dimensions for vertical parking system
Without
2.2 m
obstruction on
both sides
2.4 m
Fig 3.8 Critical dimensions for vertical parking system
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3.2.3 Holding bay and queuing spaces
a. A holding bay is required for systems that

require vehicles to enter or exit from a closed
chamber.
b. At the ingress, queuing spaces shall be

provided. The queue length shall be sufficient
to hold 5% of the total number of parking
spaces served by the mechanised system.
c. Clearway access ramp up to the parking lot may

be treated as a queuing space.
d. Entire queuing space should be within the

premises of the development. If the queuing
spaces are permitted to spill-over on to a public
service road, it shall be limited to the frontage
of the property only.
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Fig 3.9 Example of queue space within development boundary
Fig 3.10 Example of queue space within service road

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fig 3.11 Example of holding bays within development boundary
3.3 Provision of Car Lifts in Car Parking Places
Car lifts replace the access ramps for vertical

transportation of cars to the parking floors. All the other
requirements pertaining to the parking design remain the
same as the conventional parking places and spaces.
Mechanism of the system does not come under jurisdiction
of the Authority.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.3.1 Guidelines for provision of car lifts
Car lift internal dimension 6.2m long x 2.6m

wide
Height limit 2.2m clear
Minimum speed 30m/min
Minimum discharge 30 cars/hr
capacity
Holding bay At entrance and
exit
Queuing spaces 15% of car spaces
served by car lift
Table 3.3 Requirements for car lifts
3.3.2 Ratio of car Lifts to Parking Capacity

a. One car-lift for every 50 parking spaces.
b. Maximum number of parking spaces to be served by

car-lifts should not exceed 200.
c. Minimum of 2 lifts
3.3.3 Queuing spaces and Holding bays
a. At the ingress, minimum queuing length should

be 15% of the parking spaces proposed.
b. Entire queuing space should be within the

premises of the development. If the queuing
spaces are permitted to spill-over on to a public
_______________________________________________________________________________________
service road, it shall be limited to the frontage
of the property only.
c. All cars wishing to gain access from the main

road to the car-lifts should preferably be
channelled through one access road only.
d. At the ingress, a holding bay of at least one car

space in front of each car-lift should be
provided. Such holding bays must be within the
premises of the development.
e. At the egress (where it is separate from

ingress), a minimum of one car length holding
space should be provided, which must be within
the premises of the development.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 4: GOOD PRACTICES
___________________________________________________________
Overview
This chapter provides some examples of good practices in design and

operation of parking places.
In designing a parking place, besides complying with the minimum

parking dimensions, it is prudent for the designer to ensure that it is
operationally friendly. Such good practices make it easier for motorists to
find their way in car parks.
4.1 Vehicle conflict with other users
An important consideration in the design of parking facilities is at

the intersection of vehicles and pedestrians movements. Separation
of these user groups, through the development of special walkways
is advantageous. Parking network should be designed to reduce
conflict in terms of exposure to risk and the relative speed and
vulnerability of different user groups. Pedestrian movement should
be minimised on circulation roads/driveways since these primarily
involve movement of vehicular traffic. It is also important to reduce
the flow of vehicles in areas where the flow of pedestrian is high.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Code of Practice for Vehicle Parking Provision in Developments -2010 Edition
Fig 4.1 Provide safe crossing point for pedestrians along driveway
4.2 Provide adequate sight distance
In the vicinity of driveways, adequate stopping sight distance

should be provided. Adequate sight distances such as “clear sight
distance triangles” or splay corners for exiting driveways should be
provided in order to allow sufficient line of sight for motorists to
see approaching pedestrians crossing the driveways and vice versa.
No sign, wall or other obstruction should be erected within this
clear sight distance triangles. Convex mirrors are also alternative
safety measures to be located appropriately at sharp building edges
and blind spot areas.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
walkway walkway
Provide splay for

better visibility
Fig 4.2 Improve visibility at car-park exit
Car Park
Lots
Provide splay for

better visibility
Fig 4.3 Improve visibility where there are walls
4.3 Avoid dead-end aisles
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Dead-end aisles shall be avoided wherever possible, as
manoeuvring and parking at those corner-ends would be difficult
for drivers. Instead, the end lot shall be widened to 3000mm to
facilitate parking.
Fig 4.4 Difficult to park at end-lot
Parking aisle
3000mm
End
lot
Fig 4.5 Increase width of end-lot
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.4 Increase space between perpendicular parking lots
Motorists tend not to park their cars completely inside a parking

lot. In cases where parking lots are designed perpendicularly to
each other, this would restrict the cars from moving off or it
becomes impossible for the lot to be occupied. An illustration of
this scenario is shown in Fig 4.6.
Impossible to
park a car at
this end-lot
Car not positioned

within parking lot
Fig 4.6 Common scenario at perpendicular parking lots
To avoid such undesirable situations, we recommend perpendicular

parking lots to have 300mm gaps vertically and horizontally.
Therefore, each corner car parking stall shall be minimum 2700
mm in width as shown in Fig 4.7.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2700mm
300mm
allowance
2700mm
Fig. 4.7 Increase width of perpendicular lots
4.5 Obstructions at Parallel Parking Stalls
If it is unavoidable to place walls or columns at the edges of

parallel parking stalls, it is necessary to increase the stall
length since it is not possible to manoeuvre into the parking
stall. Instead, motorists would have to drive head-in into the
stall.
5400mm 7200mm
Fig. 4.8 Increase length of parallel lots with obstructions
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.6 Demarcation of Parking Stalls
Parking stalls should be clearly demarcated within the parking

place. The demarcation lines guide drivers in centralising their
parked vehicle. Some helpful demarcations of parking stalls are
shown in Fig 4.8.
Solid line demarcation Dashed line demarcation
Fig. 4.9 Various ways to demarcate parking lots
4.7 Provide clear information to motorists
Without clear directions the driver can be disoriented. Adequate

signages and road markings should be provided to guide motorists
moving in the parking place. Channelisation and use of different
coloured or textured paving stones can be used to guide driver and
vehicle in particular directions.
Direction of travel information should be provided at the entrances

and throughout the parking facility. The use of signs can aid in
providing information.
Signage for parking places should consist of a system of signs and

graphics which will provide motorists with directional information,
proper traffic flow and use of parking spaces and present a
coordinated appearance. Some of the signs to be considered are as
follows:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
- Parking availability signs at the entrance of car parks and each
car parking floor helps drivers to make decisions faster. This, in
turn, prevents queuing at the car park entrance.
Fig. 4.10 Parking availability signs
- No-entry signs at the end of one-way aisles could aid in the

reduction on movement in the wrong direction.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fig. 4.11 No-entry sign in car-parks
- Vehicle flow directional arrows, markings on the floor surfaces

and walls/columns.
- Height clearance signs to inform drivers of the presence of
height restrictions in the parking facility. A clearance bar should
be suspended at each entrance at a height equal or less than the
minimum clearance in the car park. Signage should be used to
indicate the minimum clearance.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fig. 4.12 Eg. of height clearance bar and height-limit signs
- Parking rates, operation hours and other restrictions, eg. wheel

clamping for unauthorised parking.
Fig. 4.13 Other useful information signs
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.5 Reduce Visual Intrusion/Effect
Parking and driving in a parking place can be intrusive and can

detract from environmental amenity and surrounding. Concern for
visual environment should therefore be considered when designing
a parking place.
The choice of surface materials and the detailing of the surfaces are
major determinants of the environmental qualities of a parking
place. Large expanses of hard surface can be reduced in scale by
the meaningful use of lines and areas of different colours and
texture. Consideration should be given to the appropriate use of
surface materials, lines, textures and colours. Care must be taken
in the choice of the walls surrounding and within car parks to not
introduce unsafe practice, reducing sight distance in crucial areas
such as in circular access ramps. Adequate lighting levels shall also
be provided within the car park driveways and parking spaces.
Fig. 4.14 Using visuals along circular ramps
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.7 Designing Spiral Ramps
As a guide, it is a good practice when designing spiral multi-storey

ramps to limit the spiral ramps to not more than 4-storeys before
entering the car park deck level.
Fig. 4.15 Continuous spiral ramps shall be limited to 4-stories
It is also advisable to use different colours on different levels on

the ramp walls, intermediate markings or information to drivers the
expected distance to the car park deck or to the exit. At least two
different appropriate colour schemes on spiral wall ramps would
give a better contrasting effect especially at the drivers’ eye level
and would give drivers a sense of depth from the walls.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fig. 4.16 Using different colour schemes along circular ramps
Distance to
exit is
indicated
Fig. 4.17 Indicate distance for driver’s information
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.8 Efficient parking layout
Parking places that experience high turnover, eg shopping centres,

entertainment establishments, town centres, food centres, etc.
should design for the most efficient layout. As a guide, it is a good
practice to separate the driveways for in-coming vehicles from the
out-going vehicles. This helps to discharge cars faster from the
property. Otherwise, a gridlock can occur such that the out-going
vehicles are prevented from exiting the parking place by in-coming
vehicles. Designers can choose to provide separate ramps for
exiting vehicles or provide 2-way driveway throughout the parking
place.
4.9 Positioning car-park barriers
The positioning of car-park barriers are critical as they allow for

cars to queue within a development. Such an arrangement helps to
prevent congestion along the main road and causing inconvenience
to other motorists. Typically drop-barriers shall be located as far
inside a development to achieve the longest queue. In addition, the
drop-barrier should not be positioned along an up-ramp as there
are many cars that roll-backwards when starting off. Designers
should also plan for multiple barriers at the entry or exit points to
allow for better discharge.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fig. 4.18 Eg. of muiltiple entry/exit points and long queuing space
_______________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 5: PLAN SUBMISSION PROCEDURE
Overview
Under the Parking Places (Provision of Parking Places and Parking Spaces) Rules,
developments are required to obtain Authority’s approval for their parking
proposal and plans.
5.1 Submission using CORENET
All submissions to the Authority for approval of parking proposal and plans
are to be submitted through CORENET e-Submission system. The
submissions to CORENET must be electronically signed with Netrust digital
signature.
5.2 Pre-Consultation
Where it is required by other agencies to obtain in-principle approval for

parking provision or QP has queries on the parking provision standards, QP
may pre-consult the Authority on the parking proposal.
QPs and developers are required to submit their mechanised car parking
proposals to the Authority for a pre-submission consultation before a
development application is submitted to the Urban Redevelopment Authority
(URA) for planning permission. The intention is to allow architects, engineers
and developers to incorporate the necessary requirements into the design of
the development upfront to minimise abortive work and major revisions to
development proposals later.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5.3 Application for Approval of Parking Proposal and Plans
A formal application for approval for the parking proposal and plans of
development proposals is to be submitted upon obtaining approval from
the URA.
Prior approval from the Authority is also required for any subsequent
change/addition & alteration to the existing/approved parking provision
and layout, such as addition/deletion of parking spaces and rearrangement
of parking layout.
Other than developments for Commercial, Residential and Mixed

(Commercial & Residential) uses with indoor parking, all other proposal
plans are to be submitted as lodgement for approval of parking proposal
and plans.
5.4 Application for Certificate of Statutory Completion (CSC) Clearance
Upon completion of proposed parking places and spaces, an application for

CSC Clearance is to be submitted to Authority.
For proposal with open surface parking spaces, photographs verifying

completion of the parking place and spaces are to accompany the
submission. Deviation from the approved plans should be highlighted in
the as-built plan.
Authority’s officer will arrange with QP for a site inspection for

developments with indoor parking and those with more than 100 open
surface parking lots.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5.5 Application for Waiver/Modification of Requirements
The present parking provision standards stipulate minimum requirements.

Developments shall make all effort to comply with full parking
requirements and guidelines. Where it is technically not possible to comply
with full requirements, QP is required to apply for waiver of provision for
the number of required parking spaces /modification of dimensions of
parking layout prior to formal submission for approval. It is important that
the owner/developer is informed and agreed with the parking proposal and
any deviation from the requirements. In this connection, the developer is
required to submit an undertaking of their awareness and responsibility on
the deviation. The authority may disapprove application for
waiver/modification of parking requirements where in its discretion it may
have adverse effect on the end users of the parking place or other road
users.
5.6 The Authority exempts certain types of developments from obtaining

approval. The list of developments exempted is given in Appendix E.
5.7 Please refer to Table 5.1 for the submission requirements.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Table 5.1
Application Form Proposal Copy of Attachment Forms [Refer to Note (ii)] Processing
Sn Type of Submission LTA-DBC plans for Approval/ LTA- LTA-VP- LTA-VP- LTA-VP- LTA- Fees
_VEHICLE parking Written VP- ATT2- ATT3- ATT5- VP- [Refer to Remarks
PARKING.xfd Provision Permission ATT1- COMPR SPACES SCHMW ATT6- Note (iii)]
[Refer to Note (i)] from URA GFA LOU
1 Pre-consultation Select item Other related

- for in-principle Application documents, if
approval Type 1 applicable
- queries on parking
provision
2 Application for Select item Other related
approval for Approval Application documents, if
of Proposal and Plans Type 2 applicable
for Provision of [Refer to
Parking Places and Note (iii-a)]
Parking Spaces
3 Lodgement for Select item Other related
Approval of Proposal Application documents, if
and Plans for Provision Type 3 applicable
of Parking Places and [Refer to
Parking Spaces Note (iii-a)]
4 Application for CSC Select item Other related

Clearance Application With As-built documents, if
Type 4 photos of plans applicable
open
surface
parking
spaces
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 Apply for waiver/ Select item Other related
modification of Application documents
[Refer to
Requirements Type 5 /photos
Note (iii-b)]
6 General Select item Other related
Correspondence Application documents
(General Enquiry) Type 6 /photos
Notes:
(i) The Form is obtainable from CORENET E-Submission for Professional (ESPro)
(ii) The Forms are obtainable from CORENET E-Submission for Professional (ESPro)
(iii) For On-Line Payment (preferred option)

Payment of the processing fees can be made via LTA e-services available @ http//onepay.onemotoring.com.sg/onepay/listfees.aspx.
For Cheque Payment

Cheques shall be hand-delivered to LTA’s Development & Building Control Division at 251, North Bridge Road, Singapore 179102.
Cheque payment shall be accompanied by a cover letter indicating the project details, BP/Project reference and the GFA involved in the proposal to
verify accuracy of the payment. Cheques shall be crossed and addressed to “Land Transport Authority”. GST is not applicable.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(iiia) A processing fee of $10 per 100 sqm, subject to a minimum of $120, is applicable to the following type of proposals:
• For new erections
• Amendments to approved plans (only affected GFA to be considered)
• Additions & alterations (only affected GFA to be considered)
• Change of use proposals (only affected GFA to be considered)
The processing fee shall be rounded off to 2 decimal points.
For Regularisation of Parking Layout and Subdivision of land/building proposal, the rate is $70 per application.
(iiib) A processing fee for application for waiver/modification of requirements at the following rates:
- Waiver on the number of parking spaces to be provided:- $120 per application
- Modify parking dimensions:- $80 for each dimension.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX A
Minimum Parking Provision Standards
Developments can provide more parking lots than this stipulated minimum to
meet their own parking demand.
Non-residential developments island wide and residential developments in

Zones 1 and 2 are allowed to provide up to 20% below the car parking
requirement. This allowance is not applicable to lorry, loading & unloading and
coach parking requirements. Please refer to the maps of parking zones at LTA
website.
Use Categories Minimum Parking Provision Standards

(based on unit or gross floor area)
1.0 Residential 1 car space per 1 residential unit.
Flats, non-flats, Service
Apartments and home-
office
2.0 Commercial Zone 1: 1 car space per 450 sq.m.

(a) Offices Zone 2: 1 car space per 250 sq.m.
Zone 3: 1 car space per 200 sq.m.
All Zones: 1 loading/unloading space per 10,000
sq.m (Up to 50,000 sq.m.)
(b) Shops and Zone 1: 1 car space per 400 sq.m.

departmental store Zone 2: 1 car space per 200 sq.m.
(retail use) Zone 3: 1 car space per 150 sq.m.
All Zones: 1 loading/unloading space per 4,000 sq.m
(c) Restaurants, For 1st 150 sq.m:-

nightclub, All Zones: 1 car space per 150 sq.m
coffeehouse, bar, After 1st 150 sq.m:-
cafeteria, eating Zone 1 & 2: 1 car space per 60 sq.m
house and canteen. Zone 3: 1 car space per 50 sq.m
________________________________________________________________________________________________
(d) Hotels and Zone 1 & 2: 1 car space per 250 sq.m
residential clubs Zone 3: 1 car space per 200 sq.m
(include All zones: 1 loading/unloading space per 8,000 sq.m.
restaurants, For hotel, 1 coach space per 90 guest rooms
nightclubs, coffee
houses, bars,
cafeteria,
function/
convention rooms
and
administration
and supporting
areas of the hotel)
3.0 Cinema, theatre Zone 1 & 2: 1 car space per 12 seats

and concert hall Zone 3: 1 car space per 10 seats
4.0 Warehouse/Godown 1 lorry/loading & unloading space per 800 sq.m.
5.0 Factory
(a) Factory includes
office, up to 25% of
total floor area,
canteen and ancillary
storage
(i) Flatted Type 1 car space per 350 sq.m

(multi-user) 1 lorry/loading & unloading space per 3,000 sq.m.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Terrace Type For 1st 800 sq.m: 1 car space per 300 sq.m.
(single-user) After 1st 800 sq.m: 1 car space per 350 sq.m.
(subject to minimum 1 car space per unit of factory)
1 lorry/loading & unloading space per 1,500 sq.m.
(iii) Detached Type 1 car space per 600 sq.m

(single-user) (subject to minimum 1 car space per factory)
1 lorry/loading & unloading space per 1,500 sq.m. ( up to
13,500 sq.m)
(b) Office (in excess 1 car space per 200 sq.m

25% of total floor
area)
6.0 Educational
Institution
(a) Crèches, Nurseries 1 car space per 200 m2

and Kindergartens
(b) Primary Schools 1 car space per 3 Classrooms exclude ECA

(include foreign classrooms rooms.
schools and special Plus 20% of standard Ancillary facilities such as
education schools) requirement assembly hall, canteen,
Plus 4 mini buses sports and recreational
facilities, etc are also
excluded
________________________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Secondary Schools For Classrooms: Classrooms exclude ECA
1 car space per 2 rooms, tutorial rooms and
classrooms science labs.
For Workshops/ Ancillary facilities such as
Laboratories: assembly hall, canteen,
1 car space per 300 m2 sports and recreational
Plus 20% of standard facilities, etc are also
requirement
excluded
Plus 4 mini buses
(d) Junior Colleges 1 car park per 30 day-time staff and student population
(e) Vocational 1 car park per 30 day-time staff and student population
Institutions OR
1 car park per 20 night-time staff and student population
Taking whichever is greater
(f) Polytechnics & 1 car park per 20 staff and student population
Universities Using the higher of the day-time and night-time staff
and student population
(g) Library 1 car park 200 m2
7.0 Cultural and Social

Welfare Institutions
(a)Community Centres a) If located within a residential estate and fronting
access roads – a nominal of 3 to 4 car parks be made.
(b) if away from residential development
– 1 car park per 200 m2
(b) Welfare Houses 1 car park per 200 m2

Ancillary facilities within the premises to be used
exclusively by the residents are excluded.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.0 Religious and
Related
Institutions
(a) Churches, For church Main prayer hall is to be
Mosques & - 1 car park per 10 seats/ considered as praying area.
Temples persons Parking requirement takes
For other religious places whichever is greater
- 1 car park per 50 m2 of
praying area
OR
As worked out for other
uses like classrooms,
office, etc (all other uses
attached to church /
Temple)
(b) Columbarium 1 car park per 500 niches Parking provision need only
when built away from any
related uses or public car
parks
(c) Funeral Parlour 1 hearse and 10 car parks Parking provision could be
& Crematorium per funeral parlour / reduced if funeral parlour is
crematorium built close to related uses or
public car parks.
9.0 Recreational
Facilities
(a) Sports Complex Administrative & related
uses
- 1 car park per 200
m2 (Gross)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Snack/coffee bar,
restaurant
- 1 car park per 150 m2
for the 1st 150m2
- 1 car park per 50 m2
exceeding 150 m2
Multi-purpose hall with Parking requirement for
gymnasium, indoor courts, other uses not specified
etc – 1 car park per 300m2 should be considered on
merit.
Indoor games rooms, Parking requirement for
clubrooms, health clubs outdoor facilities to be
and related uses – 1 car provided in accordance with
park per 150 m2 (Gross) the specified uses.
Spectators’ Gallery
If seats specified
– 1 car park per 10 seats
If no seats specified
– 20% of the requirements
for facilities to which the
gallery is attached.
(b)Tennis, Squash/ 1 car park per court
Badminton
Courts, Sepak
Takraw
(c) Soccer / 4 cars park per field/court
Basketball
(d) Bowling Alley 1 car park per lane
(e) Swimming Pool 1 car park per 40 m2 (Nett) Wading pool/children’s pool
of pool area need not be considered.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
(f) Ice / Roller 1 car park per 50 m2 (Nett)
Skating Rink of skating area
(g) Golf Range 1 car park per Tee
10.0 Health
Institutions
(a) Clinic / 1 car park per 150 m2 Additional spaces should be
Dispensary (Gross) provided for Ambulances
and other office vehicles.
(b) Nursing Homes 1 car park per 12 beds
(c) Hospitals First 500 beds Additional spaces should be

– 1 car park per 4 beds provided for Ambulances
and other office vehicles.
Beyond 500 beds
– 1 car park per 5 beds
11.0 Retirement 1 car space per 200 m2 Ancillary facilities for
Housing exclusive use of residents
are excluded.
12.0 Eating house For the 1st 150 m2

within Industrial -1 car park per 150 m2
Estate After 1st 150 m2
-1 car park per 50 m2
________________________________________________________________________________________________
13.0 Marina/Boat Sheds
(a) Where small 1 car space per 2 boats
vessels can be
carried to land
for storage
(b) Where large 1 car park per boat
vessels are too
heavy to be
removed from
water
14.0 Electrical Sub- 1 car park per 400 m2 (for Where it is unmanned,
station and related first 2000 m2) parking provision is not
use 1 car park per 700 m2 required so long as there is
(exceeding 2000 m2) a driveway within the site to
accommodate service
vehicle
15.0 Fire Station
(a) Offices / 1 car park per 200 m2
dormitories / (Gross)
Recreation
(b) Squash/Tennis 1 car park per court

Courts
________________________________________________________________________________________________
16.0 Convention / 1 car park per 50 m2
exhibition (Gross)
17.0 Public Park 12.7 car park per hectare
18.0 Nursery For covered areas Subject to a minimum

(offices, parking areas provision of 3 parking spaces
etc): (1 space for the operator and
-1 parking space per 2 spaces for visitors).
200 m2 (Gross)
For sites located within HDB
For open areas : developments where public
-1 parking space per car parks are available,
650 m2 (Gross) parking provision is not
necessary. Wherever possible
1 parking space should be
provided within the nursery
for the operator’s use.
19.0 Foreign Workers’ 1 car space per 650 sq.m
Dormitories
20.0 Tourist Attraction 1 coach space per 100 Applicant to submit relevant
Developments tourists per day information:
Eg : Daily expected number of
Car parking to be tourists and local visitors
evaluated separately - Breakdown of floor area by
use of development
- any other information
________________________________________________________________________________________________
21.0 Off-course betting 1 car space per 10 seats
centre
22.0 Petroleum, 1 car space per 200 sq.m

petrochemical, of office floor area
chemical and
related industries
on Jurong Island
23.0 White Sites 1 car space per 425 sqm.
(a) Non-residential 1 loading/unloading space per 7,000sq.m
use (up to 1st 50,000 sq.m)
1 loading / unloading space per 15,000sq.m.
(after 1st exceeding 50,000 sq.m)
(b) Residential -refer to 'Residential' use category
24.0 Boarding Houses

and hostels
a) Administration 1 car space per 200 sq.m
areas and
offices
b) Function 1 car space per 50 sq.m
rooms and
exhibition areas
c) Residential 1 car space per 700 sq.m
rooms
[The minimum number of car spaces to be provided is
(a)+ (b) or (c) whichever is greater)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
25.0 E-business Refer to ‘Office’ use category
Type 1 & Type 2
26.0 Industrial / Refer to ‘Factory’ use category
Business White
27.0 Showflat 1 car space per 50 sq m
NOTE:
For any development uses where the parking provision standards are not
specified, please consult LTA’s Development and Building Control Division.
Generally, LTA may allow to QP may make their own assessment on the parking
requirement and submit with justification to the Authority for approval.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX B
Types of developments exempted from payment of deficiency charge
1. Development by non-profit making organisations.
2. Development by religious organisations.
3. Development by charitable organisations.
4. Use of parking spaces or car waxing/polishing in developments with

under-utilised parking spaces including developments where there is
no surplus parking provision.
5. Existing parking places affected by requirements of government

departments.
NOTE: For developments by non-profit (not-for-profit) and charitable

organisations where payment of deficiency charge is exempted, QP is
required to provide documental evidence to verify their status.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX C
Sample 1: General Computation of Parking Requirement
Number of Car
Spaces Required Number of L/U
GFA (RCPS) Spaces Required
Use (m2) Parking Standard Computed Required Computed Required
Shops 2,010.89 Zone 3 10.7 to 11 to
1 car space/150 13.4 13
sq.m
1 L/U/4,000 sq.m 0.5 1
Office 759.50 Zone 3: 3.0 to 3 to 4

1 car space/200 3.79
sq.m
1 L/U /10,000 0.07 0

sq.m
(upto 50,000
sqm)
Rest- 425.90 1 car space/150 1.00 ) 5 to 7

aurant sq.m )
(for 1st 150 sq m) 5.50 ) 6.5
1 car space/50
sq.m
(after 1st 150 sq
m)
Total 19 to 1
24
L/U = Loading/unloading bays
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Sample 2: Car Parking Computation for a Change Of Use Proposal
Gross + Number of car spaces

Usage Floor area Car Parking required
in sq.m Standard Comput Required
ed
Original Shop 268.80 1 car space /150 1.79 2

Use sq.m
(Zone 3)
(a) Requirement of the existing original use 2
Proposed Eating 268.80 1 car space /150 1.0 (+
Use House sq.m
(for 1st 150 sq m)
1 car space/50 2.37
sq.m 3.37 3
(after 1st 150 sq (2.69 to
m) 3.37)
(b) Requirement of the new use 3
Additional Requirement for the Change of use (b) – (a) 3-2 = 1
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Sample 3: Computation for car parking requirement of a conserved building with
rear extension
Usage Gross Car Parking Number of

Floor Standard car spaces required
area in Computed Required
sq.m
Proposed 1 car space /150
development Eating 158.90 sq.m
(Whole (for 1st 150 sq m) 0.9 to 1.17 1
Development) 1 car space/50
sq.m
(after 1st 150 sq
m)
Office 355.00 Zone 2:
1 car space/250 1.13 1
sq.m to1.42
(a) Requirement of the whole development 2
Conserved Eating 68.80 1 car space/150
portion sq.m 0.45 0
(for 1st 150 sq m)
1 car space/50
sq.m
(after 1st 150 sq
m)
Office 132.50 Zone 2: 0.53 1
1 car space/250
sq.m
(b) Requirement of the Conserved Portion 1
(c) Requirement of the Rear Extension (a) – (b) 2-1=1
_______________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX D
Map showing the Central Area for rates of deficiency charge
Central Area: $32,000 per car space
Rest of Island: $16,000 per car space
Whole Island: $40,000 per lorry, coach and loading & unloading space
_______________________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX E
The following developments are exempted from obtaining Vehicle parking

clearance:
(1) Developments in off-shore islands, except Jurong Island;
(2) Bungalows/detached houses, semi-detached and terrace houses

where at least 1 car porch is provided per house;
(3) Development of land for the purpose of farming;
(4) Amendments, additions and alterations which do not involve

additional floor area or conversion of use of floor area and which do
not affect existing or approved parking layout or provision;
(5) Ancillary use of HDB void decks;
(6) Change of use of premises which involves less than 150 m2 of gross
floor area;
(7) Developments within any rapid transit system stations;
(8) Renewal of written permission in respect of new erections;
(9) Additions or erections of covered linkways or walkways that do not

affect existing or approved parking layout or provision.
(10) Development of public bus interchanges.
(11) Development of land within a conservation area designated under

the Planning Act (Cap. 232) comprising solely the conservation of all
the buildings on the land in accordance with the requirements of the
conservation authority under that Act and for which written
permission has been granted by the competent authority under that
Act.
(12) Erection of Automatic Teller Machine kiosks that do not affect

existing or approved parking layout or provision.
(13) Temporary showflats and sales offices for showflats within

construction site.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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CODE OF PRACTICE

VEHICLE PARKING PROVISION

2011 Edition Development & Building Control Division

This Code of Practice (COP) outlines the requirements of the Parking

The Rules stipulates the following:

a) The minimum number of parking spaces to be provided for various

In using the information in this COP, users should always make

The first principle encapsulates the policy of self-sufficiency in

The second principle ensures the provision of a safe and functional

Where land comes at a premium and competing uses in the

The contents of this Code of Practice (COP) are subject to revision

While every endeavour is made to ensure that the information

Chapter 1 Provision of Parking Spaces 7

Chapter 2: Parking Layout Dimensions 13

Chapter 3: Mechanised Parking Systems 31

Chapter 4: Good Practices 43

Chapter 5: Plan Submission Procedure 58

Appendix A Parking provision standards 64

Appendix B Types of developments exempted from 74

Appendix C Samples of Computation for Parking 75

Appendix D Map showing the Central Area for the rates of 78

Appendix E Types of developments exempted from 79

Unless otherwise stated, the definition of the following terms is as

Authority means the Land Transport Authority (LTA)

Competent means the Competent Authority appointed under

Qualified Person means a person who is registered either as:

a) an architect under the Architects Act; or

The Parking Places (Provision of Parking Places and Parking Spaces)

Under the Range-Based Car Parking Standards (RCPS) developers are

1.1 Parking Provision

The minimum parking provision standards for the various development

Where a parking standard is not available for a proposed use, the QP

Zonal car parking requirements are stipulated for commercial and

1.3 Range-Based Car Parking Standard (RCPS)

The Rules permit a range-based car parking provision for non-

The prevailing minimum car parking standard is designated as the Car

Residential developments that provide car parking spaces lesser than

Parking provision serving a development must be made concurrent or

Deletion and conversion of existing parking spaces is not permitted if it

Where existing parking spaces serving building/s are temporarily

The requirement for the number of accessible parking lots shall be

Use of mechanised parking system to create more storage space for

1.5 Motor-Cycle Parking

To prevent indiscriminate parking of motor-cycles at the nearby

The parking provision standards in Appendix A should be used to

For Additions/Alterations and/or Extension proposals where the floor

For Change of Use proposal, the difference in parking requirements of

Fully restored development in a gazetted conservation area is exempted

However, new developments in conservation areas are required to

Conserved Portion Rear Extension

Fig 1.1 Conserved building with rear extension

1.7 Deficiency Charge For Waiver On Parking Provision

Present Parking Standards stipulate minimum parking requirements. All

If a QP is unable to provide the required number of parking spaces in a

The rates of deficiency charge for non-provision of the minimum

Central Area $32,000 per deficient car parking space

Outside Central Area $16,000 per deficient car parking space

$40,000 per deficient lorry, loading/

Table 1.1: Rates of Deficiency Charge

The Parking Places (Provision of Parking Places and Parking Spaces)

2.1 Car Parking Places

2.1.1 Minimum dimensions of parking stalls

A Parking Stall refers to the space for parking of one motorcar,