General English

Student's Book

intermediate level 7

english method
3i training ®

Top English System. © Consyven

 Work-out unit 31/1

O b j e c t i v e s

In Unit 31/1:

You learned how to explain the use of certain objects

with the word ‘for’ + the ‘-ing’ form of the verb: “A fax is
used for sending messages” / “A notebook is for taking down
messages”.

You left messages for someone who isn’t in when you

call: “ Tell him that Mr Smythe phoned” / “Could you ask him
to phone me back at this number?”

You have explained to a caller that someone isn’t in,

and offered to take a message: “I’m afraid he’s not in. Can I
take a message?” / “I’m afraid he’s away on business”.

You also learned ‘office’ vocabulary, including furnitu-

re and equipment: ‘a fax’, ‘a filing cabinet’, ‘a computer’; and
office tasks: ‘file documents’, ‘take and send messages’, ‘type
letters’.

unit 31/1 3
 Scenarios
A fax is used for sending messages

When we want to talk about an object’s function or purpose,

we use the preposition ‘ f o r’ and the ‘-ing’ form of the verb.
“Filing cabinets are used for keeping written documents”, “e-mail
should be used for sending all messages in the future”.

I’m afraid he’s not in

The word ‘in’ is often a preposition, but here it is an adverb,

meaning ‘in or into a place’, as in the expression ‘Come in!’

A drawer is for keeping things such as paper, scissors, etc.

‘Such as’ introduces a list, usually of examples. We can use

‘like’ in the same way.

A You’ve just started your new job. The phone rings, and your boss says:

1. “Rita, do me a favour. Who it may be, tell to them I am out”

2. “Rita, do me a favour. Whoever it is, tell them I’m away”
3. “Rita, do me a favour. Whoever it is, tell them I’m in”

He adds:
1. “You can always write a message”
2. “You can sometimes write a message”
3. “You can always take a message”

After taking the message, you hang up. You say to your boss:
1. “It’s Mr Mall – he asks me to back call him”
2. “It has been Mr Mall – he phone him another time”
3. “It was Mr Mall – he said he’d call again tomorrow”

Your boss says:

1. “Well done, Rita! I like the way you handled it”
2. “Well done, Rita! I like how you handle it”
3. “Well done, Rita! I like your way of handling”

4
 Structures

V e r b s w i t h t w o o b j e c t s

There are many verbs that can take two objects: an indirect
and a direct object. These objects can be either nouns or
pronouns. The order of the objects in the sentence can vary.

When both objects are nouns:

verb + indirect object + direct object

· “Give John the book.”

verb + direct object + to + indirect object

· “Give the book to John.”

There is no difference between the above two examples,

although the first is perhaps more common. Don’t forget
the preposition ‘to’ in the second example.

When the indirect object is a pronoun, both of the above

structures are possible:

· “She gave me the message.” / “She gave the message to me.”

When the direct object is a pronoun, we can only use:

verb + direct object + to + indirect object

· “He didn’t show them (the marks) to his parents.”

When both objects are pronouns we must also use this

structure:

· “Show it to me.”

· “Bring Gina and me some coffee.” = “Bring it to us.”

5
 Work-out
A Put the words into the corresponding group

kitchen / coffee table / cooker / bed / o ffice / sofa / desk / living room /washing machine /
filing cabinet / wardrobe / armchair / fridge / typewriter / mirror / bedroom

kitchen bedroom living room office

B Match the words in the two columns

1. A desk is used (a) for logging onto the Internet.

2. A fax is used (b) for working on.
3. A computer is used (c) for sending messages.
4. A filing cabinet is used (d) for keeping things such as scissors.
5. A drawer is used (e) for processing data.
6. A notebook is used (f) for taking messages.
7. A modem is used (g) for filing documents.

C Complete the sentences with these words

recording / turning on / discussing / processing / copying / taking / cutting

1. A switch can be used for turning on the light.

2. A meeting is a good place for issues.
3. A photocopier is used for documents.
4. A computer can be used for information.
5. An answering machine is used for phone messages.
6. A pair of scissors is used for paper.
7. A tape recorder can be used for one’s voice.

6
 Work-out
D Rewrite the sentences as in the example

1. The telephone company has sent the bill to us.

The telephone company has sent us the bill.
2. Can you get some coffee for me, please?

3. I’ve shown my new painting to you, haven’t I?

4. Don’t give the computer to him.

5. Always tell the truth to your mother.

6. He’s bought some roses for her.

7. Could you offer a cigarette to my friend?

E Rewrite the sentences using Could you... or I’d like you...

1. I want you to ask him to phone me back.

Could you ask him to phone me back?
2. Tell her I’ve sent the cheque.
Could you
3. Tell them the meeting’s been postponed.
I’d like you
4. I want you to tell Mr Peterson I’ll be arriving next week.
I’d like you
5. Ask Ms Carter to send the documents.
Could you.
6. I want you to tell me what time his flight arrives.
Could you

7
 Work-out
F Complete the dialogue

1. Good morning Mr Higgins. It’s good to be back, isn’t it?

His coffee’s good / That’s it! / You can say that again, Ms Smith!
2. There are quite a few messages for you.
Where is it, anyway? / Bring them to me, will you? / I want to send them, too
3. I’ll just get them, sir
And a coffee for me / I don’t want to / Who’s been in my office, then?
4. Nobody, sir. Why?
My computer’s been moved / I can’t see anybody / I don’t want to see anyone
5. What do you mean? It’s always been there
I meant I’m glad to be back / Well, it’s not there now, is it? / Stop looking at
yourself
6. Oh, look! There it is. You’ve got a new one. I forgot to tell you. It arrived this
morning.
My goodness! You’re right. So I have / I arrived late, I know / Brilliant! New office
7. How about some coffee now, Mr Higgins?
Yes, I’m afraid so / Yes, I think I need some / I’m going home now
I’ll bring you it immediately.

8
 Word list

Here are the new words you have seen in this lesson

T h e o f f i c e
answering machine
cheque (UK) / check (USA)
data
discuss (to-)
document
file (to-)
filing cabinet
handle (to-)
photocopier
photocopy (to-)
postpone (to-)
process (to-)
scissors
take a message (to-)
take down (to-)
typewriter

G e n e r a l v o c a b u l a r y
fork
spoon
switch
turn off (to-)
turn on (to-)
washing machine

9
 Key

S c e n a r i o s
A ‘Rita, do me a favour. Whoever it is, tell them I’m away.’
‘You can always take a message.’
‘It was Mr Mall–he said he’d call again tomorrow.’
‘Well done, Rita! I like the way you handled it.’

W o r k - o u t
A kitchen / cooker / fridge / washing machine
bedroom / bed / wardrobe / mirror
living room / sofa / armchair / coffee table
office / typewriter / desk / filing cabinet

B 2. (c)
3. (e)
C 2.3. copying
discussing

4. (g) 4. processing
5. (d) 5. taking
6. (f) 6. cutting
7. (a) 7. recording

D 2.3. Can you get me some coffee, please?

I’ve shown you my new painting, haven’t I?
4. Don’t give him the computer.
5. Always tell your mother the truth.
6. He’s bought her some roses.
7. Could you offer my friend a cigarette?

10
Key

E 2.3. Could you tell her I’ve sent the cheque?

I’d like you to tell them the meeting’s been postponed.
4. I’d like you to tell Mr Peterson I’ll be arriving next week.
5. Could you ask Ms Carter to send the documents?
6. Could you tell me what time his flight arrives?

F 1.2. You can say that again, Ms Smith!

Bring them to me, will you?
3. Who’s been in my office, then?
4. My computer’s been moved.
5. Well, it’s not there now, is it?
6. My goodness! You’re right. So I have.
7. Yes, I think I need some.

11
 Work-out unit 31/2

O b j e c t i v e s

In Unit 31/2:

You talked about financial problems: “The accountant

says there is $500,000 missing from the annual figures” / “The
money is missing from your clients’ account”.

You used the expression ‘to be missing’ to explain that

something is not where it should be: “ T h e re ’s an item
missing”.

You learned how to talk about what you and other

people eat: “I eat fish, meat and eggs” / “ He doesn’t eat
cheese” / “I don’t like fish”.

You have used simple quantity words: “One of them is a

vegetarian” / “Most of them eat fish” / “A couple of them eat
cheese”.

You also learned financial vocabulary: ‘accountant’,

‘annual figures’, ‘clients’ accounts’; and food: ‘cheese’, ‘fish’,
‘meat’, ‘eggs’, ‘vegetables’.

unit 31/2 13
 Scenarios
You cheating rat!

When we are learning a new language, some of the first words

we often hear are ‘swear words’. We have to be very careful
about using them, because diff e rent cultures have diff e re n t
social ‘rules’ about their use. What is acceptable to say in your
own language might not be OK in English, and vice versa.
Euphemisms (as heard in ‘classic’ Hollywood movies) can be
safer. James Cagney was famous for saying “You dirty rat!”.
We suspect that a real life gangster would have used a
stronger expression!

There’s $500,000 missing from the annual figures

The word ‘figure’ has many different meanings: ‘number’, ‘sta -

tistic’, ‘digit’ (a six figure salary), ‘shape’, ‘important person’
(Napoleon – an important historical figure), ‘body shape’ (What
a figure Marilyn Monroe had!). As a verb it means ‘to imagine’.
‘Figure out’ means ‘to calculate’ or ‘determine’ (I can’t figure out
why he did it).

A The accountant comes to see you, looking worried:

1. “Excuse me, sir. I can’t seem balance books”

2. “Excuse me, sir. I can’t seem balance to books”
3. “Excuse me, sir. It seems I’m unable to balance the books”
You reply:
1. “What appears to be the matter?”
2. “What appears to matter?”

The accountant says:

“Well it’s hard to say for certain, but there seems to be some money missing!”
You say:
1. “What does it mean ‘some’?”
2. “What do you signify with ‘some’?”
3. ”What do you mean by ‘some’?”
He replies:
1. “Uh, some five and a half million pounds, sir!”
2. “Uh, a few five and half million pounds, sir!”

14
 Structures

Q u a n t i t y w o r d s

These are words that we use to describe ‘part’ of something.

They include ‘none’, ‘some’, ‘several’, ‘many’, ‘most’, ‘all’.

none

‘None’ usually means ‘not (even) one’. We sometimes follow

‘none’ with ‘of’ and:

• an article + a noun
• a possessive adjective + a noun
• a pronoun

· “None of the workmen turned up”

(Not even one workman went to work).

· “None of your friends looks alright to me”

(I don’t like the way any of your friends look).

· “Which car do you like?” “None of them”

(I don’t like any of the cars).

· “How many students did the homework?” “None”

(Not one student).

several

‘Several’ means ‘more than two, but not many’. It is very

similar to ‘a few’, but we use it in a more ‘positive’ sense.

• several + noun
• several + of + these/those + noun
• several + of + possessive adjective + noun
• several + of + pronoun

15
 Structures

...

· “I’ve received several letters.”

· “Several of these children have lunch at school.”

· “Several of my paintings have been sold.”

· “Did you find the photos?” “I found several of them under

the sofa.”

most

‘Most’ means ‘the majority of’.

• most + noun
• most + article + noun
• most + of + these/those + noun
• most + of + possessive adjective + noun
• most + of + pronoun

· “Most people think marriage is the basis of our society”

(The majority of people think this).

· “Most of the people here don’t agree with your ideas.”

· “Most of these girls work as secretaries.”

· “Most of your work is useless.”

· “What sort of wine do you like?” “Most of us prefer red.”

16
 Work-out
A What words are missing from the sentences?

1. Did you borrow a book me? → from Did you borrow a book from me?

2. I’m interested computers.

3. I want talk to you.
4. Are you telling truth?
5. It must a trick.
6. He lied me.
7. There’s something missing this sentence.

B Write at least 10 different words from this word

VEGETARIAN
1. an
2. rain
3. get
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

17
 Work-out
C Fill in the missing words

1. drink, water / eat, food

2. post, letter/ , fax
3. food, cupboard / money,
4. sit, chair / , bed
5. leg, doctor / teeth,
6 speak, mouth / listen,
7. accounts, accountant / garage,
8. stamps, post office / medicine,
9. toes, feet / fingers,
10. police, policeman / law,
11. listen, radio/ ,TV

D Look at the table and complete the sentences

ICE-CREAM BANANAS FISH MEAT BREAD PIZZA

Mike ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Julie ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Ken ✔ ✔ ✔
Irene ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Jack ✔ ✔
Anabel ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

1. All of them eat bananas.

2. One of
3. Several of
4. A couple
5. None
6. Most

18
 Work-out
E Write down the names of the words described here

1. Computer data is stored on a disk.

2. Something for typing letters
3. A machine for photocopying
4. Something you use for printing documents
5. Something you use for filing
6. We cut paper with a pair of
7. Something you work on
8. A machine for making coffee

F Complete the dialogue

1. Julie! I want to see you in my office immediately!

I’m just coming / Where are you? / Who said that?

2. Look! This is serious. There’s some money missing!

Have you been to the bank recently? / My account’s with the Nateast / You must
have made a mistake!
3. I’m never wrong! I know exactly how much I had in my drawer.

My notebook’s in the drawer as well / Are you sure it’s not there any more? / I don’t
use the drawers any more
4. Of course I’m perfectly sure! Just what is going on here?

I’m not going anywhere / Don’t go / I’m sorry, sir. I’m afraid I lied to you
5. What did you just say?

I had to borrow some to buy you a present / I’m afraid not / Can you lend me some?
For heaven’s sake! Why didn’t you say that to begin with? I had forgotten it was my
birthday!

19
 Word list

Here are the new words you have seen in this lesson

A c c o u n t i n g t e r m s
account
accountant
annual
balance (to-)
be missing (to-)
client
do the books (to-)
figure
item
million
print (to-)
printer

G e n e r a l v o c a b u l a r y
be unable to (to-)
cheat (to-)
For heaven’s sake!
marriage
social
society
store (to-)
To tell the truth...
useful
useless
vegetarian
workman

20
 Key

S c e n a r i o s
A ‘Excuse me, sir. It seems I’m unable to balance the books.’
‘What appears to be the matter?’
‘What do you mean by ‘some’?’
‘Uh, some five and a half million pounds, sir!’

W o r k - o u t
A 2.3. want
interested in
to
B get / gate / train / tan / tar /
tin / give /gave / age /
4. the truth rat / gin / ran / rain
5. must be
6. to me
7. missing in / from

C 2.3. bank
send D 2.3. One of them doesn’t eat bread.
Several of them eat fish / pizza.
4. lie 4. A couple of them eat ice-cream.
5. dentist 5. None of them eat meat.
6. ears 6. Most of them eat bread.
7. mechanic
8. chemist’s
9. hands
10. lawyer
11. watch

E 2.3. typewriter
photocopier
F 1.2. You
I’m just coming.
must have made a mistake!
4. printer 3. Are you sure it’s not there any more?
5. filing cabinet 4. I’m sorry, sir. I’m afraid I lied to you.
6. scissors 5. I had to borrow some to buy you a
7. desk present.
8. coffee machine

21
 Work-out unit 31/3

O b j e c t i v e s

In Unit 31/3:

You used the quantity words from the previous unit:

“Most of them were in their early teens” / “Several of them al -
ready carried guns”.

You revised the verb tenses to narrate an event in the

past: “They counted the money they had found” / “He was
bleeding”.

You have practised listening and reading comprehen-

sion.

You have learned more phrasal verbs: “Romeo put the

gun down slowly” / “He bumped into the chair”.

You have also practised reported speech: “You said you

were going to stop”; and the conditionals: “If you had asked
me I would have helped”.

unit 31/3 23
 Scenarios
He even asked you to kill me

‘Even’ is a difficult word – it has several different uses. Let’s

look at some examples: “I like the beach, but the mountains are
even better” ( H e re we’re making a really strong comparison –
not just better, but even better.) “Even if the worst happens, we’ll
still have our love!” (Although the circumstances are as bad as
they can be our love will remain strong… at least until next
week’s episode.) “Even a child can understand it!” ( We’re very
surprised that you can’t!) “Don’t even think about it!” (The
thought mustn’t enter your head, much less be spoken.) We
say this when we think someone is going to do something we
don’t want them to do.

I thought you would confide in me

…That you would ‘trust’ me. ‘To trust’ is ‘to have confidence in
something’. (“I trust her with my life”). We can also say the
opposite: “I wouldn’t trust him as far as I could throw him!”

I got here just in time

‘In’ time is having enough time, but ‘on’ time is getting there at
the right time.

A You and your wife are in danger of missing the train. Things are getting tense.

You say:
1. “If you don’t walk faster, we’ll miss the train”
2. “If you don’t walk more fast, we’ll miss the train”
3. “If you don’t walk faster, we’ll lose the train”

Your wife says, angrily:

1. “I’m walking as fast as I could!”
2. “I’m walking as faster as I can!”
3. “I’m walking as fast as I can!”

You say:
1. “We should have left ten minutes earlier”
2. “We should had left ten minutes earlier”
3. “We should to take a taxi”

24
 Structures

P h r a s a l v e r b s

bring up : how your parents educate you and teach you to

behave. If you’re ‘badly brought up’, you’re rude, or don’t
know how to behave.

· “Well-brought up young children don’t say things like

that.” It also means to talk about a subject again.
· “Don’t bring that up again.”

face up to : to confront a problem.

· “She finally decided to face up to her problems, and stop

drinking.”

get carried away : when you’re too enthusiastic.

· “The football supporters got carried away when their team

lost, and the police had to arrest some of them.”

go through : if you ‘go through’ a difficult experience, you

have a hard time, you suffer. You ‘get through’ the hard time
when you start feeling better.

· “She had a terrible time when her husband left her, but she
seems to have ‘got over’ it.” Good for her. She’s forgotten
him and married a good-looking millionaire.

put down : what do you do when you pick up a coffee pot

and it’s still hot? You ‘put it down’ quickly, on the table.

pick out : sometimes we use ‘pick out’ when we can see

something, but with difficulty.

· “I couldn’t pick out her face in the crowd.” But it also

means ‘to choose’.
· “The old woman picked her attacker out from the mug shots
(photographs) the police showed her.”

25
 Structures

...

put up : when you let someone stay in your house for a

while.

· “I put Bruce and Sheila up when they first came over from
Sydney.” But to ‘put up with’ someone means to tolerate
him, and not be too happy about it.
· “I put up with them for two weeks, but Bruce practised
karate in my living room, and Sheila drank beer all day!”

run out of : when you use something up completely.

· “Oh damn! We’ve run out of coffee again.” “The marathon

runner ‘ran out of steam’ over the last kilometre.” Poor guy.
He ran so far, only to feel exhausted and be beaten
when he was in sight of victory.

save up : when you want to buy something you save up

until you have enough money to get it.

· “We’re saving up for a rainy day.”

We want to be prepared for the bad times.

see into : if you can ‘see into’ the future, you can predict
what will happen in the future.

settle in : when you move to a new town, start a new job,

change school, you need some time to settle in, to ‘feel at
home’.

turn out : The last page of a detective story reveals the

villain.

· “The murderer turned out to be Miss Scarlet, in the dining

room, with the candlestick.”

26
 Work-out
A Complete the sentences using the correct form of these verbs

laugh at / settle in / put down / face up to / bump into / g o through / fall over / try on /
put up with / run out of / bring up / pick up / see into

1. My uncle always goes through the newspaper, looking for adverts.

2. On his way out, he the door and hurt himself.
3. The old man was walking down the street, when suddenly he
4. I was born and in London.
5. He told me to my gun
6. They asked me to their son from the station.
7. When the teacher walked into the room, his trousers were undone, so all the
students him.
8. The fortune teller used her crystal ball to try and
the future.
9. The shop assistant asked me if I wanted to the dress.
10. Young people have to a lot of problems in order to
become adults.
11. They had to many hardships during the war.
12. Can you lend me a pound? I’ve just my last
few coins.
13. I don’t think I’ll ever be able to here.
The local customs are too strange for me.

27
 Work-out
B Where possible, rewrite the sentence changing the position of the word in
italics

1. Could I try on this dress? Could I try this dress on?

2. The policewoman put down her gun.

3. They brought up their children in Scotland.

4. I brought him up on my own.

5. She can’t turn off the light.
6. You have to wake me up early tomorrow!

7. The boy bumped into the table.

8. Can you pick up my mother, please?
9. Wake up Carl at 9 o’clock, please.

C Fill in the gaps with the appropriate reflexive pronoum

1. She’d better put down that gun or she might hurt herself.
2. We’ll only be away for a couple of days, so I’m sure you’ll all be able to look
after
3. If you want something done properly, you have to do it
4. We enjoyed on holiday last year.
5. I don’t think we’ve met. Let me introduce
6. ‘Eric wants you to cook him dinner tonight.’
‘Well, you can tell him to do it

28
 Work-out
D Match the phrases in the two columns

1. If you hadn’t turned up (a) you wouldn’t have believed it.

2. If you’d confided in me
3. If you’d needed it
4. If you hadn’t put down the gun
5. If you hadn’t seen it
6. If you’d asked for help
(b) I would have left without you.
(c) you would have killed him.
(d) I would have helped you.
(e) I would have told you everything as well.
(f) I would have lent you the money.

E Complete the sentences using the correct phrase in each pair

1. The train normally leaves on time / in time, but today it was late.
2. I’d like to get home in time / on time to see tonight’s western.
3. ‘Let’s meet at 7 o’clock.’
‘OK, but please be in time / on time.’
4. I sent Amanda a birthday card. I hope it arrives in time / on time.
5. The accountant doesn’t know if he’ll be able to finish the reports on time / in time.
6. Susan is one of the most efficient secretaries I’ve ever had. When we have a meeting,
everything always begins and ends in time / on time.
7. I didn’t get to the bank on time / in time, because when I got there it had closed.

F Fill in the gaps using the correct form of these verbs

trust / confide in / insult / tell

1. He insulted me, even though I had helped him.

2. Why didn’t you him you were married?
3. She us – that’s why she told us about the murder.
4. I wish I had friends to because I have to speak to somebody.
5. Don’t me or I’ll your mother.

29
 Work-out
G Complete the dialogue

1. Why don’t you love me any more, Harry?

I had no bed / I couldn’t see it / It’s all your fault!

2. What? But you said you loved me!

Well, I thought I did / Nobody loves me / No, I’m not

3. I trusted you, Harry. After all, we’ve been with each other for almost three years!

Where’ve we been wrong? / I can’t go on, though! / I had three, too

4. Whyever not? Oh Harry! Just ask me to marry you, I beg you!

I could never marry you / I’m nearly asking / Will you get me one?
5. How can you say that? Especially after all these years!

Now I’m 33 / You didn’t bring me the coffee / You didn’t tell me everything, did you?
6. How could I? I was married, remember!

But why didn’t you tell me you were married? / Why didn’t you invite me to the
wedding? / I’m ambitious, too
7. OK. I promise – from now on I’ll tell you everything. Please, let’s get together again!

I’ll make it if you want / Right! But just make sure you do / No, I haven’t made sure
My sweetheart! What would I do without you...?

30
 Word list

Here are the new words you have seen in this lesson

P h r a s a l v e r b s
bring up (to-)
face up to (to-)
fall over (to-)
get carried away (to-)
go through (to-)
pick out (to-)
put up (to-)
put up with (to-)
run out of (to-)
save up (to-)
see into (to-)
settle in (to-)

G e n e r a l v o c a b u l a r y
ad, advert, advertisement
banknote, note
beg (to-)
coin
confide in (to-)
crystal ball
custom
destitute
discern (to-)
from now on
hardship
horizon

31
 Word list

...

laugh at (to-)
lodging(s)
moan (to-)
on time
point at (to-)
sunlight
supplies
trust (to-)
undone
walk out on (to-)

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 Key

S c e n a r i o s
A ‘If‘I’myouwalking
don’t walk faster, we’ll miss the train.’
as fast as I can.’
‘We should have left ten minutes earlier.’

W o r k - o u t
A 2.3. bumped
fell over
into B2.3. The policewoman put her gun down.
They brought their children up in
4. brought up Scotland.
5. put... down 4. (No change)
6. pick... up 5. She can’t turn the light off.
7. laughed at 6. (No change)
8. see into 7. (No change)
9. try on 8. Can you pick my mother up, please?
10. face up to 9. Wake Carl up at 9 o’clock, please.
11. put up with
12. run out of
13. settle in

C 2.3. yourself
yourselves D 2.3. (f)(e) E 2.3. onin time
time
4. ourselves 4. (c) 4. in time
5. myself 5. (a) 5. in time
6. himself 6. (d) 6. on time
7. in time

F 2.3. tell
trusted
G1.2. Well,
It’s all your fault.
I thought I did.
4. confide in 3. I can’t go on, though!
5. insult / tell 4. I could never marry you.
5. You didn’t tell me everything, did you?
6. But, why didn’t you tell me you were
married?
7. Right! But just make sure you do.

33
 Work-out unit 31/4

O b j e c t i v e s

In Unit 31/4:

You talked about your childhood: “I was brought up in

South Africa”; and the people who helped you to grow up:
“I was raised by my grandma” / “A she-wolf raised Mowgli
along with her own cubs.” You talked about your feelings
when you were a child: “Mowgli had many friends among
the jungle animals” / “I remember my childhood as an unhappy
time, because I missed my parents so much”.

You learned the story of some children who were n ’ t

b rought up by their parents, and you asked questions
about them: “Who were your best friends in the jungle?” /
“How would you describe your childhood?” / “What happened
to Jennifer’s father?” You answered these questions as well:
“My father disappeared” / “No, I didn’t have an unhappy child -
hood…”

You also saw lots of essential vocabulary for surviving

in the jungle: ‘Jungle’, ‘she-wolf’, ‘cubs’, ‘tiger’, ‘panther’,
‘monkey’.

unit 31/4 35
 Scenarios
A she-wolf raised me along with her cubs

‘Raise’ means the same as ‘bring up’. I was brought up by a

female wolf. Some animals have completely diff e rent word s
for male and female. Some of the following may surprise you.
A male cat is a ‘tom’, pigs are ‘hog’ (he) and ‘sow’ (she). A
female horse is a ‘mare’, and her boyfriend is a stallion. A dog
may be man’s best friend, but a female dog is a ‘bitch’.

Put the radio on, darling

T h e re are a couple of verbs we can use with ‘ o n ’ and ‘off’ to

‘start up’ and ‘stop’ an electrical appliance, or a machine. We
use ‘switch’, ‘put’ and ‘turn’ like this.

A You’re watching your favourite show on the telly (TV). The star says:

1. “Please, Liz. Don’t go!”

2. ”Please, Liz. You don’t go!”
3. “Please, Liz. Don’t going at the door!”

Liz’s eyes shine. She says:

1. “You’ve saying lies and more lies to me”
2. “You’ve been telling lies and most lies”
3. “You’ve been telling more and more lies”

And adds:
1. “I can’t confide with you any longer”
2. “I can’t trust in you any longer”
3. “I can’t trust you any longer”

The leading man looks straight at the camera and says:

1. “I’ll do anything you want”
2. “I’ll do everything what you want”
3. “I’ll do something which you would want”

36
 Scenarios
Liz is calm, and as the music rises to a climax says:

“Can’t you see it’s too late?”

1. “If only you wouldn’t lied to me!”

2. “If only you hadn’t lied to me!”
3. “If you hadn’t only lied to me!”

Suddenly, the light goes out. You shout:

1. “Who’s turned the light off?”
2. “Who has put the light on?”
3. “Who has putted the light off”

Your son says:

1. “It’s only me, Mum”
2. “I am, Mum”
3. “I only did, Mum”

37
 Structures

M a k e ↔ d o

We’ve mentioned before the difficulties you can have

deciding between ‘make’ and ‘do’ in many different kinds of
expression. There are no fixed rules about their use, only
general guidelines. ‘Do’ is used when we don’t specify what
an action is:
· “What are you doing?” “Nothing. I haven’t got anything
to do”.

If we talk about a task or some work, we very often use ‘ d o ’:

· “He’s doing the annual audit”; “He didn’t want to do the
decorating”; “Have you done your homework?”

And we often use ‘ m a k e ’ for building, or creating something:

· “Will you make the orange juice this morning, darling?”;
“That’s a nice table. Did you make it?”

If you’re unsure if you should use ‘make’ or ‘do’, you

should probably use ‘make’ – it’s a bit more common
than ‘do’.

But these general ideas about ‘do’ and ‘make’ don’t help us
very much in lots of cases. Here are just a few examples.

• If you don’t ‘do very well’ at school, you can certainly

‘do better’ or ‘improve’, probably by ‘doing your best’,
which means ‘trying as hard as you can’.

• I couldn’t ‘make my mind up’ (decide what ‘to do’) until

the mafia ‘made me an offer’ I couldn’t refuse.

• “We ‘did a few deals’ with them, and were very happy
at first, but they ‘made some mistakes’, ‘made some bad
investments’, ‘made some bad decisions’, and in the end
we ‘made a choice’ – we stopped ‘doing business’ with
them.”

38
 Structures

• “Our advertising manager ‘made a journey’ or ‘trip’ to

Switzerland to ‘make a presentation’ about our new
campaign. But he should have ‘made sure’ about the
conference, because it was more formal than he
expected, and they ‘made’ him (obliged him) ‘make a
long speech’. He ‘made an effort’, but the audience ‘made
him nervous’, and he didn’t ‘make a very good impression’.
He was lucky nobody ‘made a complaint’. He thinks he
‘made a fool of himself’ (that people thought he was
stupid).

· “Doing those exercises’ in the gym has really ‘done me

good’. I feel much better.”

· And if things get really serious: “Tomorrow let us do

or die!”

39
 Work-out
A Put the words into the corresponding group

students / daughter / sad / Japan / grandmother / c o l l e g e / Egypt / unhappy /ambitious /

brother / interesting / uncle / professor / South Africa / teacher / Wales

college brother South Africa unhappy

B Complete the questions with the correct preposition

1. Who does this pen belong to?

2. What are you thinking ?
3. Who are you taking care ?
4. Who were you raised ?
5. When you were young, what did you long ?
6. What are you looking ? My hat; I can’t find it anywhere.
7 .Which one are you listening ?
8. What are you talking ? Our childhood.
9. What are you involved ?
10. Where were you brought ?

40
 Work-out
C Fill in the table

INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE

bring brought brought

fall
forgive
get
know
meet
put
see
take

D Write sentences in the passive using the prompts

1. the child / look after / the baby-sitter

The child was looked after by the baby-sitter.
2. I / raise / my Grandma

3. we / born / Sheffield

4. she / not bring up / her mother and father

5. they / take care of / their grandmother

6. who / you / bring up?

7. where / you / born?

41
 Work-out
E Rewrite the sentences using would you mind…?

1. Please drive me to the airport. Would you mind driving me to the airport?
2. Please don’t smoke.
3. Please wait outside.
4. Please don’t shout.
5. Please give me a hand.
6. Please don’t touch the food.

F Put the dialogue in the correct order

1. First he lost his job and then his mother died.

2. Did you have a happy childhood?
3. Yes, you see my dad became an alcoholic.
4. That’s a pity!
5. And who were you raised by then?
6. Not really. My mum and dad got divorced.
7. My mum, of course, although I missed my dad.
8. Did he really?

a. 2 b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

42
 Word list

Here are the new words you have seen in this lesson

G e n e r a l v o c a b u l a r y
alcoholic
bear
catch a glimpse of (to-)
cleaning
college
cooperate (to-)
cub
do business (to-)
do good (to-)
do justice (to-)
do one’s best (to-)
enemy
enchanted
get pregnant (to-)
human
human being
long for (to-)
make a fire (to-)
make a fool of oneself (to-)
make an appointment (to-)
make an effort (to-)
panther
raspberry
she-wolf
sooner or later
swear (to-)
tart
washing
wolf
Would you mind...?

43
 Key

S c e n a r i o s
A ‘Please, Liz. Don’t go!’
‘You’ve been telling more and more lies.’
‘I can’t trust you any longer.’
‘I’ll do anything you want.’
‘If only you hadn’t lied to me!’
‘Who’s turned the light off?’
‘It’s only me, Mum.’

W o r k - o u t
A college / professor / teacher / students
brother / grandmother / uncle / daughter
B 2.3. ofabout
South Africa / Egypt / Japan / Wales 4. by
unhappy / ambitious / sad / interesting 5. for
6. for
C fall / fell / fallen
forgive / forgave / forgiven
7. to
8. about
get / got / got 9. in
know / knew / known 10. up
meet / met / met
put / put / put
see / saw / seen
take / took / taken

D 2.3. We
I was raised by my grandma.
were born in Sheffield.
4. She wasn’t brought up by her mother and father.
5. They were taken care of by their grandmother.
6. Who were you brought up by?
7. Where were you born? F (b) 6
(c) 4
E 2. Would you mind not smoking?
3. Would you mind waiting outside?
(d) 3
(e) 8
4. Would you mind not shouting? (f) 1
5. Would you mind giving me a hand? (g) 5
6. Would you mind not touching the food? (h) 7

44