CFGS AF1 Administration and Finance

M6 English
Vidal Ortega-Jiménez

Contents of the 6th exam

to be done on the 23rd of February, 2023.

1) Relative clauses:
a) See PDF file called ‘AF1 M6 37 Relative clauses’, pages 1-2.
b) Exercises:
 Join the sentences using who, when, where, which or whose.
 Combine the following pairs of sentences by means of relative pronouns, making any
changes necessary.
2) Time clauses:
a) Put in ‘if’ or ‘when’.
b) Put in ‘by’, ‘by the time’ or ‘until’.
c) Join the sentences using the words in brackets.
d) Complete the sentences with: while, before, when, since, until, after, whenever.
3) Clauses of purpose:
a) Write sentences with so that:
b) Combine sentences using ‘in order to’ of ‘so as not to’.
4) Clauses of result and reason:
a) Combine sentences using ‘so...that’ or ‘such (a)...that’.
b) Paraphrase sentences using ‘because’ or ‘therefore’.
5) Clauses of concession:
a) Paraphrase sentences using ‘although or ‘however’.
6) Conditional clauses:
a) Put the verb into the correct form:
b) Answer these questions in the way shown.

Revision for the exam:

1) Relative clauses:
a) Join the sentences using who, when, where, which or whose. See
PDF file called ‘AF1 M6 37 Relative clauses’, pages 1-2.

1. That is the tablet. John bought it last week.

That is the tablet which John bought last week.
2. Mary is an excellent person. Jane met her yesterday.
Mary is an excellent person who Jane met her yesterday.
3. Kate is a student. She passed the exam.
Kate is a student who passed the exam.
4. London is the city. I live there.
London is the city where I live.
5. That was the summer. I met my wife then.
That was the summer when I met my wife.
6. Brian is the boss. His salary is spectacular.
Brian is the boss whose salary is spectacular.

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 CFGS AF1 Administration and Finance
M6 English
Vidal Ortega-Jiménez

b) Combine the following pairs of sentences by means of relative pronouns, making any changes
necessary.
1. The customer was polite. He sent me an e-mail.
The customer was polite who sent me an e-mail.
2. The man was very tall. He was wearing jeans.
The man was very tall who was wearing jeans.
3. George saw a man. His car was full of lions.
George saw a man whose car was full of lions.
4. Sam has just bought a car. I like it.
Sam has just bought a car which I like.
5. I received your e-mail yesterday. Thank you for it.
Thank you for the your e-mail which I received yesterday
6. This is the man. I work with him.
This is the man who I work with.
7. Robert is a good person. I work with him.
Robert is a good person who I work with.

2) Time clauses:
a) Put in ‘if’ or ‘when’.
if: si... (no segur)
when: quan... (segur)
1. If I’m late this evening, don’t wait for me.
2. ‘Are you going out later?’ ‘Perhaps. If I go out, I’ll close the window’.
3. I’m going home now. When I get home, I’m going to have a shower.
4. When I get up in the morning, I usually drink a cup of coffee.
5. Have something to eat. If you don’t eat now, you’ll be hungry later.
6. John is still at school. When he leaves school, he wants to go to the university.
7. Be careful! If you aren’t careful, you’ll fall.
8. I’m going to Paris next week. When I’m there, I hope to visit a friend of mine.
9. Tom might phone this evening. If he does, can you take a message?
10. I think he’ll get the job. I’ll be very surprised if he doesn’t get it.

b) Put in ‘by’, ‘by the time’ or ‘until’.

UNTIL: LONG ACTION: fins (que)
BY + noun phrase: abans de
BY THE TIME + subject + verb: abans que
1. Tom has gone away. He’ll be away until Monday.
2. By the time the police arrived, the two men had disappeared.
3. Sorry, but I must go. I have to be home by 5 o’clock.
4. I’ve been offered a job. I haven’t decided yet whether to accept it or not. I have to decide
by Thursday.
5. He’ll be a millionaire by the time he’s 25.
6. By the time he got to the party, most of the guests had left.
7. By the time guards discovered what had happened, the escaped prisoner was miles
away.
8. I think I’ll wait until Thursday before making a decision.
9. ‘I hear you’re writing a book. Have you finished it yet?’
‘Not quite, but I hope to finish it by the end of this month’.
10. By I finished my work, it was too late to go shopping.

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 CFGS AF1 Administration and Finance
M6 English
Vidal Ortega-Jiménez

c) Join the sentences using the words in brackets.

1. We will buy it. We will have enough money. (as soon as)
2. I would like to finish it. It will get dark. (before)
3. We are going to have a rest. We'll be on holiday. (while)
4. He will not regret it. She'll move away. (until)
5. Can you water the flowers? We'll leave the house. (when)
6. Get in touch with him. I'm going to write to him. (as soon as)
7. Come to see me. You'll feel alone. (whenever)
8. I will find the opener. I will open the bottle. (the moment)
9. We will go to the shop. We will be walking the dog. (while)
10. I'll have finished my lesson by noon. I'll come round. (after)

d) Complete the sentences with the correct word: while, before, when, since, until, after.
1. Look both ways you cross the street.
2. Joe listened to music he was doing his homework.
3. Wait here I come back.
4. Don't leave you've finished your work.
5. Tran saw an accident he was walking home.
6. Tom and Joe have been friends childhood.
7. I always brush my teeth I go to bed.
8. I see him this afternoon, I'll tell him what you suggested.
9. Let's go for a walk it starts to get dark.
10. They haven't seen each other they got divorced.

3) Clauses of purpose.
a) Write sentences with so that:
A ca nvi de want, posem ca n/could o will/would.

Passos:
Copia i enganxa la 1a frase.
Posa so that.
Posa el subjecte.
Elimina want:
 En lloc de want, posa can o will
 En lloc de don’t want, posa can’t o won’t
 En lloc de wanted, posa could o would
 En lloc de didn’t want, posa couldn’t o wouldn’t
Posa l’infinitiu.

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 CFGS AF1 Administration and Finance
M6 English
Vidal Ortega-Jiménez

1. I’ll give you my number. I want you to be able to phone me.

2. I hurried. I didn’t want to be late.

3. We wore warm clothes. We didn’t want to get cold.

4. I spoke very slowly. I wanted the man to understand what I said.

5. I whispered. I didn’t want anyone to hear our conversation.

6. Please arrive early. We want to be able to start the meeting on time.

b) Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using ‘in order to’ of ‘so
as not to’.
in order to: per tal de
so as not to: per tal de no
1. I am buying paint. I want to paint my hall door.

2. He turned out the light. He didn’t want to waste electricity.

.
3. He opened the lions’ cage. He intended to feed the lions.
.
4. He rushed into the burning house. He wanted to save the child.
.
5. He read only for short periods each day. He didn’t want to strain his eyes.

6. They got up very early. They wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise.
.

4) Clauses of result and reason.

a) Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using ‘so...that’ or ‘such
(a)...that’.
so + adjective / adverb + that...: tan ... que...
su ch a/an+ adjective + singular countable noun +that…: un ... tan ... que...
such + adjective + uncountable / plural noun +that…:... tan ... que...

1. He spoke in a very loud voice. Everybody could hear him.

.
2. The fire raged strongly. The house was burnt down.
.
3. They played very enthusiastically. The other team was beaten.
.
4. Heavy rain fell. The streets were soon flooded.
.
5. They built very fast. The building was finished in a year.
.
6. It was very cold. The pipes were frozen.
.

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 CFGS AF1 Administration and Finance
M6 English
Vidal Ortega-Jiménez

b) Paraphrase the following sentences using ‘because’ or ‘therefore’.

because...: ja que...
Therefore,...: Per tant,...

Xbecause Y. X ja que Y
because I’m hungry.
Y. Therefore, Therefore,
X. Y. Per tant, X I am eating.
I am eating

I’m hungry.

1. Sally closed the window because the weather outside was cold.
.
2. Everybody likes her because she's very kind and friendly.
.
3. She’s hungry because she didn’t have breakfast
.
4. All the senior managers here are members of the same family. Therefore, I'm likely to have
to move if I want to get promoted.
.
5. It was raining. Therefore, she took her umbrella.
.
6. She loved her boyfriend. Therefore, she bought him a present for St. Valentine’s Day.
.
7. I won the lottery. Therefore, I bought an expensive car.
.

5) Clauses of concession:
a) Paraphrase the following sentences using ‘although or ‘however’.
although...: encara que... / tot i que... / malgrat que...
However,...: No obstant això,... / Tot i això,...

X. However, Y. X. Tot i això, Y

Although X, Y:Encara que X, Y.
Peter is very ugly . However, he has 5 girlfriends .
Although Peter is very ugly, he has 5 girlfriends.

1. I don't think I'll get that job. However, I'm still going to apply.
.
2. There is no direct train to Calais. However, you can get there if you change at Lille.
.
3. He was strong. However, he couldn’t lift the weight.
.
4. Although he is bad-tempered, she still loves him.
.
5. Although he went to London, he didn’t see the Big Ben.
.

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 CFGS AF1 Administration and Finance
M6 English
Vidal Ortega-Jiménez

6) Conditional clauses:

1) 1st-type conditional (probable).

[If+Simple Present] + will+infinitive
will+infinitive + [if+Simple Present]
e.g.: If I study hard, I’ll pass my exams.
I won’t go to the beach if it rains tomorrow.

2) 2nd-type conditional (possible but unlikely, ‘not probable’). [If

+ Simple Past] + would+infinitive
would+infinitive + [if+Simple Past]
e.g.: If I were rich, I would buy a Ferrari.
I wouldn’t pass my exams if I didn’t study so much.
If you paid me (everything that you owe me), I could eat tomorrow.

3) 3rd-type conditional (impossible, past action, too late). [If +

had+past participle] + would have+past participle. would
have+past participle + [if+ had+past participle]
e.g.: If my neighbour’s parrot had been silent, I wouldn’t have shot and eaten it for dinner.
I would have passed my exam if I had studied harder.

[If+Simple Present] + will+infinitive

[If + Simple Past] + would+infinitive
[If + had+past participle] + would have+past participle .

a) Put the verb into the correct form:

1. If I were offered the job, I think I would take (take) it.
2. I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he
refused (refuse).
3. I’ll be very angry if he makes (make) any more mistakes.
4. The table will collapse if you stand (stand) on it.
5. If he washes (wash) my car, I’ll give him £10.
6. Many people would be out of work if that factory closed (close) down.
7. If she sold her car, she won’t get (not/get) much money for it.
8. If you had arrived (arrive) 10 minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
9. If I had known (know) that you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
10. If you had told me that he never paid his debts, I wouldn’t have lent (not/lend) him the
money.

b) Answer these questions in the way shown.

e.g.: Is he going to take the examination? (he / fail it) No.
If he took the examination, he would fail it.
1. Are they going to catch the 10.30 train? (they / arrive too early)
No. If they caught the 10.30 train, they would arrive too early.
2. Are you going to invite Bill to the party? (I / have to invite Linda too)
No. If I invited Bill to the party, I would have to invite Linda too..
3. Is she going to apply for the job? (she / not / get it).
No. If she applied for the job, she wouldn’t get it.
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C/ Ferrer i Busquets, 17 25230-Mollerussa E-mail: lasallemollerussa@lasalle.cat
Tel. 973 600 270 Fax 973 710 599 http://www.mollerussa.lasalle.cat