Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. SMALL POX
2. CHICKEN POX
3.RUBELLA
4. MEASLES
SMALLPOX (चेचक ,शीतला, बडी माता)
TRANSMISSION
Inhalation of droplet or aerosols originating from
the mouth of smallpox-infected humans
Direct contact with skin lesions or infected body
fluids of smallpox-infected humans
Direct contact with contaminated clothing or bed
linens
In the 18th century, British troops in North America
gave smallpox infected blankets to their enemies,
who went on to suffer severe outbreaks of
smallpox.
TRANSMISSION
person to person
respiratory tract secretions
direct contact with lesions
TEMPORAL PATTERN
In temperate areas-distinct seasonal fluctuation
with the highest incidence occurring in winter and early spring.
In the United States, incidence is highest between March and May
lowest between September and November.
Herpes zoster has no seasonal variation and occurs throughout
the year.
GLOBAL STATUS
Chickenpox led to about 105 deaths a year during
the pre-vaccine years of 1990 to 1994.
Between 2002 and 2007, the annual average
number of chickenpox deaths was the lowest ever
reported, with 14 deaths recorded in 2007 and just
13 the year before.
In 2006, a second dose was added to the
vaccination roster which really eliminates casualties
Chickenpox related deaths are now extremely rare.
The CDC's new report from THE NATIONAL CENTER
FOR IMMUNIZATION AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES,
which updates an earlier analysis from 1995 to 2001,
shows deaths have dropped by as much as 88 percent
over the first 12 years in all age groups and by 97
percent in young people( 20 and under), since the
varicella vaccine was introduced.
INDIAN STATUS OF CHCKEN
POX
In 2013- 28090 cases of chicken pox with 61 deaths
Case fatality rate = 0.21%
Kerala – highest (121168 cases)
West bengal – max deaths
•From Latin meaning “little red”
•GERMAN MEASLES
•Discovered in 18th century
•thought to be variant Of measles
•Togavirus
•RNA virus
EPIDEMIOLOGY
OCCURRENCE -Rubella occurs worldwide
RESERVOIR -human
There is no known animal reservoir
Transmission - spread from person to person via
droplets shed from the respiratory secretions of
infected persons. There is no evidence of insect
transmission
Temporal pattern - peak in late winter and spring
MEASLES (खसरा)
morbilli, rubeola or red measles
Paramyxovirus (RNA)
Rapidly inactivated by - heat, sunlight, acidic pH, ether
and trypsin
Highly contagious viral illness
First described in 7th century
Near universal infection of childhood in prevaccination
era
Common and often fatal in developing countries
EPIDEMIOLOGY
WHO Region Target Date for Measles Target Date for Rubella
Elimination Elimination or Control