English B Answers PDF

Chapter 1 - Answers
Chapter 1 - Answers
Page 3 d English was brought to Britain by the Anglo-
Saxons from north-west Europe (lines 26 -27)
Exercise 1 e Few of their employees have English (as an
official mother tongue) (line 40)
1 is
2 whether
3 it Page 5
4 as
5 so Exercise 1
6 first a i nuclear war
7 were ii climate change
8 continued iii perfection of a translation machine
9 of
10 was spoken b Any three of the following: Latin / Sanskrit /
11 by Phoenician / Sogdian
12 partly c English will continue as a World Language
13 used d No language has ever been so dominant or
14 have adopted spoken genuinely globally by every country
15 few so no-one knows how things will develop /
16 about There are no precedents to help us see what will
17 as happen
18 many
19 suggests Exercise 2
20 dividing
a B
b C
Exercise 2 c D
d D
a 100
e C
b language used within a country's government
f D
in courts, parliament or administration. (or any
g A
other similar answers)
h C
c national languages are used by most of the
i B
population and represent the national identity of
j C
a nation or country. Official languages are used
by governments
d the 300 million to 400 million people or Exercise 3
speakers F, D,G,H
e Colonialism. Disappearance of local languages /
many languages submerged
f the expansion of English to other countries Page 7
g Scandinavian languages (Vikings) and French
(Normans)
Exercise 1
h i English will dominate a True - The world faces a future with people
ii Everyone will become multilingual with speaking more than one language
most people becoming competent in several b True - English is likely to remain one of the
languages, including English world’s most important languages
iii English will break up into regional languages c True - A multi-lingual population is already the
/ English will disappear into several different case in much of the world /multilingualism is
local versions "more or less" the natural state / In most of the
world multilingualism is the normal condition of
people
Exercise 3
d False - one American in five speaks a language
a In the 21st century ....(line 1) other than English, with Spanish leading and
b 300 million to 400 million speak ..... (lines 6 - 7) Chinese growing fast
c the dominance of the USA after the second e False - multilingualism is the normal condition
world war ensured that this expansion of of people / multilingualism is "more or less the
English continued ( lines 18 -20) natural state"
1
© Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute
Chapter 1 - Answers
f False - English was the second most common

native tongue in the world, trailing only Chinese
Page 15 Developing writing skills:
g False - the share of people who are native Review
English speakers slips from 9 percent in the mid- 1 Mad About English
twentieth century to 5 percent in 2050. 2 (General public/ Language enthusiasts).
h False - will continue to rise, even as the NOTE: This is not a definitive answer. Allow
proportion of native speakers declines. students to come up with their own answers as
i True - Hindi-Urdu will climb past English (...) long as they justify each.
and Spanish nearly equal to it 3 Peer-to-peer but polite
j False - disputed listing Arabic in the top 4 Finds it very enjoyable/amusing/priceless
three languages/ varieties of Arabic (spoken 5 Asking rhetorical questions
in say, Egypt and Morocco) are mutually 6 Labels for a-f may vary but should be justified
incomprehensible
Exercise 2 Page 19: Welcome to Merryweather

a English High
b English NOTE: These are only suggested answers. Any other
c the dominance of English relevant answers should be acceptable as long as
d Scott Montgomery students justify them convincingly.
e English as a Second Language
f the changes in world language / the world's 1 She hates her skirt and feels uncomfortable
language system evolving and rapidly about her appearance
restructuring 2 Nervousness (implied): Stomach ache/ uncertain
where to sit on the bus / no friends / no-one to
talk to / feels an outcast
Exercise3
3 Isolate her / throw food wrapper / laugh behind
a Scott Montgomery her back /”I hate you” from Rachel /
b David Graddol 4 a) Wants to be friends / wants to explain /
c Stephen Anderson feels rejected
d David Graddol b) dislikes the atmosphere: like a zoo / socially
e Scott Montgomery divided / unfriendly/ impersonal / aggressive
f David Graddol 5 New girl and vulnerable: she has been attacked
by metaphorical predators i.e. the other students
Page 11
Page 23: School uniforms
Exercise1
The points below mostly cover questions 1-3
1 B
2 H For Against
3 G (Uniforms in Arkansas) (Unique vs. Uniform)
4 A Identify students (and non- Can have badges instead
5 D students) in school
6 C
Promote equality Promote individuality
Cheaper than branded clothes Are more expensive for parents , especially poorer
Exercise2 ones
a extinction Do not distract students from No proof that uniforms do not distract students or that
b exceeds studies they improve their performance.
c affiliated to Students spend too much time modifying uniforms
d rudimentary Schools spend too much time enforcing rules
e diversity
Have a positive influence on Uncomfortable, distracting and made of unsuitable
f erosion
students materials
g remedies
h navigate Give a sense of identity Stifle individuality
i uncharted Students find ways to modify their uniforms to show
j extinct individuality
A hangover from colonial times
A money-making enterprise for a small number of
firms
2
Chapter 2 - Answers
Chapter 2 answers
Page 28 e television schedules of all networks between the
hours of 8 and 11 p.m.
Exercise 2 f program planners
g show business, advertising and news
a Advertisements provide a visual historical
h top managers in the networks
account because they represent culture and
i Americans
societal norms. (Accept other wording with the
j that people won’t be interested, won’t look/
same meaning)
that people are too complacent, indifferent &
b probed
insulated
c (many excellent) online (collections of)
advertisements
d tantalizing and frustrating (fascinating and Exercise 2
revealing appear in line 25, so they are not a unorthodox
acceptable. Students should learn to identify the b extraordinary
required information in the lines specified) c prime
e models with bruises and black eyes (saying “I’d d disconcert
rather fight than switch.”) e various
f persuade readers to buy something for the first
time 2. persuade readers to switch brands Exercise 3
g Homogeneous people in a nation of immigrants
a D
2. segmented society
b B
h Advertising in the US switched from promoting
c C
a world of mass produced, standardized products
d A
to fitting a product and its marketing strategy
to the interests and needs of a distinct subgroup
((Teacher’s note: link to nation of immigrants & Pages 33-4: Developing writing
segmented society in ‘g’)
i test the advertisement
skills: Speech
j skewed 1. frankly outlining what is happening to radio and
k portrayed as servants or as exemplifying racially television
stereotyped behaviour. 2. b/ c/ d/ f/ j/ l
l distorted 4. Students are not expected to identify all the
stylistic and rhetorical devices used by Murrow.
Exercise 3 They should identify a few and discuss how
Murrow deploys them to understand how a
1 j
good speech is written. Examples:
2 g
Alliteration: it is my desire, if not my duty…
3 a
(line 8)/ frequently frustrated (line 14)
4 f
Assonance: difficulties is rather easy (line 50)
5 c
Metaphor: fouling his own comfortable nest
(line 3)/ television is that it is
Exercise 4 rusting in the scabbard (lines 76 & 77)
a accomplish Rule of Three: decadence, escapism and
b oriented insulation (line 21)/ more reasonable, restrained
c suggestions and more mature (lines 29 & 30)
d endorsement Personification: radio was rather proud, alert
e cultural and fast (line 53) [to an extent, considering
f conscious pride… alertness and speed can also be animal
attributes]
Page 33: Wires and Lights in a Box Rhetorical question: But even if they are
right, what have they got to lose? (line 66)
Exercise 1
a speech/ discourse
b Murrow himself
c our (American) history
d historians
3
Chapter 2 - Answers
Page 37: Should thin be ‘in’? f True—receive negative comments from male
characters about their bodies
Exercise 1
a “those last twenty pounds”
b by presenting an ideal difficult to achieve
Page 38: Developing writing skills
and maintain/ / by imposing certain beauty This section does not have definitive answers.
standards on women The questions should help students learn how to
c youth and thinness write a specific type of text through discussing the
d depression, loss of self-esteem and the importance of the title in articles, audience and the
development of unhealthy eating habits text’s communicative purpose. For example, in ‘b’
e thinness is the latest trend/ ideal… thinness is & ‘c’, students should be able to identify the general
coveted/ sought after because it has become an public as the intended audience because the text
ideal/ a trend aims to inform and raise awareness. Teachers:
f because it showed a heavy-set (chubby/ draw students’ attention to the use of facts, lack of
overweight) model on its cover repetition and clarity of information (introduction
g because the advertisers complained (Teacher’s of topic and development) in informative texts.
note: link to the ideal that is difficult to achieve
and maintain and how the use of this ideal
boosts sales) Page 41: Wear Sunscreen
h ordinary as opposed to ideal (skinny & young),
Exercise 2
especially that ordinary in advertising terms
means skinny (thin) and young a 1. meandering
2. faded
3. recall
Exercise 2 4. effective
a estimated 5. blindside
b anxious 6. reckless
c reinforce 7. berate
d canned 8. instrument
e incident 9. ugly
f wielded 10. inalienable
g spur Exercises 1 (b), (c) & (d) do not have definitive
answers. Students are expected to re-read the
Exercise 3 text, list the pieces of advice given and justify
a to be why they grouped them the way they did before
b argues they explain the analogy in their own words.
c concludes
d compete Exercise 2
e might help a i speech
ii class of ’97 (school graduates)
Exercise 4 iii graduation ceremony
a True− some (have been known to) faint on the iv Student opinion should be presented and
set from lack of food justified (no definitive answer)
b True—majority of whom are naturally larger Teachers: refer students to the advice on
than any of the models writing good speeches, and the stylistic and
Do not accept larger and more mature because the rhetorical devices a good speaker uses (p. 34).
latter refers to age rather than size. In addition, draw students’ attention to the
c False− an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain significance of one-word sentences in this
d False− temporary weight loss/ 90 to 95% of speech.
dieters regain the lost weight
e True—exposure to images of thin, young, air-
brushed female bodies is linked to (depression,
loss of self-esteem, and) the development of
unhealthy eating habits (in women and girls).
Depression and loss of self-esteem are optional/ they
are accepted because they are usually linked to eating
disorders.
4
Chapter 2 - Answers
Page 44: Manorexia: Men with eating Page 48: I have seen the future−
disorders on the rise and it’s Goth
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
a purging a parents of goths will probably end up boasting
b unattainable about their son/daughter
c chiselled b who is herself a former goth
d physique c most goths are well educated/ they hardly ever
e inevitably drop out/ are often the best pupils
f obstacle d more likely to make a career in web design,
g tailored computer programming... even journalism
h normal e requisite air of mysterious gloom/ gazing
i obsession/ preoccupation forlornly at spots
j striving f her own dark gothic past gave her an outlet for
k bulk up alienation
l indicator g goth is a non-violent subculture
m enhanced
n trigger Exercise 2
o unique
1 announces
2 encourage
Page 46: Language and style 3 painted
4 remembers
Students are not expected to identify all the stylistic
5 didn’t like
devices used in the article. They should identify a
6 concedes
few and discuss how the author deploys them to
7 can open up
understand how a good article is written. Examples:
8 would enrol
Direct quotes: none used in the article. Teachers: 9 don’t know
draw students’ attention to how quotes are used in 10 shouldn’t be
“Should thin be ‘in’?” (p. 36)
Facts: statistics, 2007 Harvard University Study, etc. Page 49: Developing writing skills
Rhetorical questions: none used in this article. The purpose of this exercise is to introduce
Teachers: Link lack of rhetorical questions to text’s students to how articles vary depending on their
purpose (to inform and give advice). Rhetorical communicative purpose. Students should examine
questions are used in articles that have a persuasive how the use of direct quotes versus facts, for
purpose for example. example, stresses the communicative purpose.
Description: With every image of a waif-thin
female in the media is an equally unattainable
image of a man sporting chiseled abs and a super- Pages 53/54: “Not My Alma Mater”:
lean physique (lines 12-16) A Vitriolic Prologue
Imagery: waif-thin (line 12)/ many slip through
Exercise 1
the diagnostic crack (lines 46 & 47).
a She had an A average/ she had never gotten a
Anecdotes: none used in this article. However, detention or even a demerit point.
anecdotes can be used in articles that have a b She does not respect them.
different communicative purpose. c Her mum supported the school’s decision and
Emotive language: rarely picture men starving Leblanc is not convinced the decision is sound
or purging themselves to be thin (line 1/ reaction: (NONESENSE- all in caps and each letter a mile
disbelief)/ That’s more than double (lines 2 & 3/ in length)
though this is a fact, the way it is expressed evokes d Old ladies who were there to hide the signs
shock). of age-usually by dyeing their hair pitch
black which has a blue hue, especially under
florescent lights- complained about Leblanc’s
hair.
e Both had a big, blonde fin.
f She knew her attire was not socially acceptable.
5
Chapter 2 - Answers
Exercise 2
a A
b B
c A (it can be argued that both irony and mockery
are viable answers. However, a parody involves
comic exaggeration of the original. Neither irony
nor mockery convey this humorous aspect).
d D
e A
Exercise 3
a It was her choice to be ugly; it was not imposed
on her because she was myopic, unfashionable
and lacked the looks, all of which humiliated
her. By adopting an air of self-imposed ugliness,
she was protecting herself (it changed the way
she perceived herself).
b Why she had decided to become a punk.
c Not being asked what she thought of her
rebellious actions; everybody forced their own
interpretations on her, but did not ask her
what she thought or what she was trying to
communicate.
d Dyeing: she literally dyed her hair pink.
Dying: she was desperate to tell people her
ideas, express her innermost thoughts instead
of having everybody tell her she is ugly.
The homophones highlight the idea that, in
desperation, she dyed her hair (became a punk)
to deliver a message.
6
Chapter 3 - Answers
Chapter 3 - Answers
Page 58: USAID’S Global Climate Page 62: Public Support
Program geoengineering research, survey
Exercise 1 funds
a institutions and individuals interested or Exercise 1
involved in climate changes/ General public
a i Scientists from Cambridge, Oxford, Reading
b To promote certain methods to be used in facing
& Bristol Universities
Global Climate Change.
ii to test the future flexibility of pumping
c (1) energy efficiency, (2) forest protection, (3)
hundreds of tonnes of minute chemical
biodiversity conservation
particles into the thin stratospheric air to
d Avoid unnecessary duplication and lays the
reflect sunlight and cool the planet.
foundation for a sustained integrated approach.
iii to allow time for more engagement with
e ‘environmentally sound technologies’
stakeholders.
f Reduce household energy consumption and
b via Internet
costs while providing hot water to households
c 18
that could not otherwise afford it
d ascertain how widespread public knowledge of
geoengineering was and how the public actually
Exercise 2 perceived it.
1 H e ‘Do you think scientists should study solar
2 D radiation management?’
3 F f i Politically conservative people who are
4 A distrustful of government and other
elite institutions and who doubt
Exercise 3 there is a climate problem
a climate change mitigation (mitigating climate ii most of political spectrum (excluding
change) the conservative ones) supporting
b stabilizes and is prevented from eroding away science concern for climate change &
during rain and windstorms environmentalists
c enhancing soil fertility g David Keith
h Keith managed a multi-million dollar
private fund from Bill Gates from which he
Exercise 4 distributed monies to technicians developing
a preservation geoengineering hardware to be used by private
b hope companies in experiments.
c distribution i i Messenger : David Keith
d alleviate ii Message : using geoengineering to combat
e flexibility global warming.
j The survey was reviewed by Nick Pidgeon, a
Exercise 5 leading expert on studying public reception
a Ensure k i ‘critics’: ETC Group from the Ottawa-based
b Findings technology watch, one of whom is
c Key Jim Thomas/ some conservative
d Partnerships politicians
e Both ii ‘one of the authors’: David Keith
l Answers will vary
Exercise 6
● each: Private sector & local and national
Exercise 2
authorities, communities and nongovernmental 1 C
organizations 2 F
● their: Developing and transition countries 3 A
● They: Biodiversity conservation, improved forest 4 G
management and sustainable agriculture.
● their: Participating villages and communities.
7
Chapter 3 - Answers
Page 64: Energy Conservation b The amount of money gained only on those
two days when related apps are used. (Accept
C, D, F, H (in any order) other relevant answers)
c To emphasize the importance of Apps used in
Page 65: Saving Energy every day Smart phones.
Ordered as they appear in the table
1 Reduces energy at home by approximately 10% Exercise 2
2 Wrapping electric water heaters in an insulating a A
blanket b C
3 Any two from: consumes 75% less energy/ c A
lasts up to 10 times longer/ reduces lighting d B
costs e B
4 Ensures a tight fit for efficient operation.
5 Keeping pool filtration system clean Exercise 3
6 Maximize energy use 1 The writer (Bob Tedeschi) and his friends at the
7 Save $100-$250 in energy costs per year dinner
2 The writer’s friend hosting the dinner/ The host
Page 71: Our Lives on a Chip 3 Masterpiece
4 The help Instant Poetry HD can provide/
Stanza 1 Humans’ lives are compared to electronic Drawing on words, composing work on top of
chips that are controlled by computers a photo of your choosing, then e-mailing your
that feed us constantly through wires masterpiece or saving it for later also splitting
and all is described as a conspiracy up word lists by theme, for poets who are in a
Stanza 2 1 Computers hurry.
5 Your favorite Shakespeare poems
2 Computers/technology provide us
6 Shakespeare’s sonnets
with knowledge and information
7 The Shmoop series of literature tutorials
but nothing that we cannot find
without their aid (Accept any
other relevant answer) Page 77: Superiority
Stanza 3 Life patterns/everything we do/lives and Exercise 1
souls, etc.
a A) expect any mitigation of whatever sentence
Stanza 4 Being controlled and manipulated the Court may pronounce
B) I have been allowed to see
Stanza 5 Heading
b Letter/statement to the Court
Stanza 6 Attention/notice c To refute some of the lying reports broadcast
Stanza 7 Computers compared to a cold metal box over the prison radio and published in the
are invaders that now control our world, papers about the true cause of their defeat.
which we must take back by reducing d In Prison/ prison cell (accept other relevant
reliance on them answers)
e The long-range homing torpedo, dirigible ball-
Stanza 8 Better life lightning and the various modifications of the
Stanza 9 1 Regaining our freedom and kingdom Klydon beam.
f Installations of weapons were generally of
2 Allowing computers to run our lives more power, and they had a far greater military
Research Organization/ The combined fleets
of our allies greatly exceeded in number and
Page 73: Quick Access to poetry in armament those which the enemy could muster
the Age of technology against us.
a It helps them draw on words, compose work
a FALSE “Which I do of my own free will”
on top of a photo of their choosing, then e-mail
b TRUE “entirely false picture of the true cause of
their masterpiece or save it for later. If in a
our defeat” OR “lying reports”
hurry, the app can split up word lists by theme.
c TRUE: “I have twice made to the court”
They can also find rhyming words.
d TRUE “(The combined fleets of our allies) greatly
8
Chapter 3 - Answers
exceeded in number (and armament those which b. Description of event, location, date, activities
the enemy could muster against us)” involved, target audience, aim(s), contact
e FALSE: “the enemy possessed similar weapons” details, etc. Any other relevant answers.
f FALSE “but the opposition proved stronger than c. Any four of the following: Homecoming
we had expected” parade, Beating Retreat, Aberdeen Country
Fayre, Tolbooth Tours, Tartan at the Terrace
Exercise 3 Concert, Ancestral tourism Day, Wallace 700
celebration, Festival in the city
a Mitigation
d. Homecoming: Anniversary of the Birth
b Refute
of Robert Burns, Scotland’s National poet.
c Libels
Beating Retreat: The traditional way soldiers
d Induce
were ordered in the 17th century to return to
e Muster
barracks
f Equipped with
g Proceeded
Exercise 2
Exercise 4 a FALSE: “everyone can take part” / “a day of fun
a Professor-General Norden, (the new Chief of the for all the family”
Research Staff) b TRUE: “back to their Scottish roots”
b voting/disputing to appoint a theoretical scientist c FALSE: “spans 200 years of world-history
to fill the post and lives on (through the soldiers of the
c He doubted the possibility of improving the Highlanders)”
existing weapons instead of re-assuring the d FALSE: “from the UK and abroad”
military advisors/ his unexpected answer
compared to his predecessor who always did Exercise 3
what they asked for.
a astounding
d What made them superior in the war is that
b variety
their enemies’ Research Staff also devoted itself
c associations
to perfecting old weapons instead of developing
d extends across
new ones.
e extraordinary
e Disregarding the use of conventional/ old
weapons and using the new one instead.
Page 84: Book Festivals
Grammar Exercise 1
1 ‘The inferior science of our enemies’:
a TRUE: “than you would ever guess by watching
Emphasize his team’s superiority and the fact
television or, a lot of the time, reading the
that it is this superiority that made them lose the
papers.”
war
b FALSE: “performing at Hay, Ways with Words
2 ‘In the laboratory’: Send a warning/Predict the
and most recently Edinburgh”
upcoming problem (Norden’s plan was only
c FALSE: “in direct competition with the fringe
theoretical/ was not tested in real situations)
and other festivals.”
d FALSE: “There is arguably more real life and
Exercise 5 energy in the book festival than in other "live"
1 suspicious cultural forms”
2 intoxicated e TRUE: “They raise the question: is it just the
3 suspended media and politicians who are dumb?”
4 obsolete
5 magnitude Exercise 2
1 Down
Page 81: International Youth 2 About
3 On
Festivals 4 With
Exercise 1 5 In
6 At
a. Advertise the Celebration of Homecoming
7 Under
on the 2nd August/Advertise Aberdeen’s
8 For
Homecoming Tartan Day/ Any relevant
answer
9
Chapter 4 - Answers
Chapter 4 - Answers
Pages 87-112 20 E
21 the narrator, most likely
Here, suggested answers are given to questions on text 22 the chocolate makes the grandparents forget
handling, including understanding and working with about competing whose meatballs were the best
details, grammar in context, vocabulary, etc. Tasks and they start chatting; Mrs. Hodges points out
and questions exploring the student’s interpretation how despite their different tastes, they all love
are best handled and discussed in class, as all answers chocolate
rising from an in-depth, and sometimes subjective,
understanding of the literary text are equally valid, as
long as they are effectively justified from the text.
Page 91
Exercise 1
Page 89 a C
2 short story / prose b A
3 first person narrative is revealed in line 1. The c C
narrator refers to his school and grandma, and it d A
is possible he lives in a multicultural community.
The name Alexander is revealed at the end of Exercise 2
the story.
a True; “(When the man was finished,) he made
4 “it was a great opportunity to encourage peace
to pay”
and understanding among the different cultures
b True; “You are our guest here.”
in our community”
c False; “They crowded around him”
5 his grandma was not the only one who had
d False; “A sigh of satisfaction passed through
made meatballs for the food fest / Luca’s
everyone that soon changed to a rousing yell as
grandparent had also cooked meatballs, and so
they saw him dial a number”
had Clara’s, Amber’s and Kerem’s
e True; “A while later, they heard him say into the
6 ii
mouthpiece, ´Hello.´”
7 the adults were to serve the children
8 B
9 D Exercise 3
10 Luca’s grandmother’s “special Italian” (NB The question refers to lines 47-60)
meatballs were served with spaghetti and made a lines 47-55 describe the villagers’ reactions +
with “homemade tomato sauce.” Amber’s “only the cobbler kept quiet”
grandfather’s Indian meatballs were “vegetarian b the cry, said hello, the sound, giggled, tried the
with mint and yoghurt”, served with rice. word, called out, laughing, bells chimed, echoes
11 Mrs. Hodges (and presumably the children too; lingered, sound had dimmed
see lines 21-23) c tentatively
12 In line 55, the narrator’s grandmother’s tongue d (the echoes) lingered (long after the sound had
clicking could indicate her disapproving Amber’s dimmed)
grandfather’s claim of making the best meatballs.
13 D
14 Luca’s grandmother tapped and scooped; Exercise 4
Amber’s grandfather nodded his head and (NB The question refers to lines 61-69)
scooped; the narrator’s grandmother clicked her a (an) occasion
tongue and scooped; Clara’s grandmother waved b awed
her hands and scooped c reverently
15 A (Discussion point: Does the context of the d digit-by-digit
story allow for option B too?)
16 “she thought she could not take one more bite”
17 children were happy tasting each other’s
Exercise 5
meatballs, whereas the adults were looking C, D
angry; Mrs. Hodges was perhaps worried about
the adults’ behavior
18 speaking to the group of people
19 they “raced” to the office to “raid her Christmas
stash”, that is to fetch some sweets that had
been stored in a secret place
10
Chapter 4 - Answers
Page 93: The Chase Pages 97-98: Not Yet, Jayette

1-2 Jasken and Veppers, who are later being 1 Los Angeles, USA
referred to as hunters, are talking about the 4 He tells about his attempts to meet Isherwood
female, the narrator’s “she”, they are trying and how he likes to ”keep in shape.” He tells
to catch. how he has got to know “some of the bums
3 Word Positive Neutral Negative (…) junkies and derelicts” at the beach due to
fear ✓ jogging and hanging around there “most days.”
His name is revealed as Charlie in line 37.
terror ✓ 5 thin, bottle-blonde, kind of tired-looking
excitement ✓ 8 “I think it must be my career she's talking
triumph ✓ about”
worried ✓ 10 The narrator describes Vanessa as his “aunt”
who “became some kind of legal guardian” to
4 “It felt though as something curdled inside her” him when he was fifteen. He now only goes
5 The narrator recognizes both men by their voice “there for lunch” and says ”nothing usually.”
and knows Jasken’s title as “Vepper’s principal He describes Vanessa’s appearance as “fat” with
bodyguard and chief of security”. She also arms like “a couple of Indian clubs” and she has
points out “Of course, who else?” indicating she “top and bottom false eyelashes, her hairpiece
knew to expect them. She is clearly afraid of and purple lipstick on.” Klutz is a clumsy,
Veppers, suggesting they have a shared past. She awkward or foolish person.
also knows Jasken likes to wear his Enhancing 11 The malfunctioning traffic sign for pedestrians
Oculenses and has an opinion about their flashing between Walk and Don’t Walk, or
worth. the way he “just stayed there and obeyed” the
6 “They turned night to day, made heat visible and machine without making his own decisions.
could see radio wawes”, and Jasken is wearing 12 He parks cars at the Beverly Hills Hotel.
them in the darkness (line 2) or perhaps out of 13 “It’s the last place I saw my wife and son.”
vanity (line 10). 14 He is upset at how the wife could leave him for
7 “She was standing, flattened, against a flat a man with a boring job.
scenery” above the rear stage of an opera house. 15 To “look out at the ocean and count the planes
“She was standing on a narrow wooden ledge.” (…) and try to work things out.” How does this
She is hiding from the two men and trying to reflect the narrator’s mindset and stage in life?
“stop herself from falling”. 16 “This happened to me “ (line 1); “I never
8 She is standing on a ledge which is “slightly even thought about going it alone” (line 195);
narrower than her shoes” and she has to “keep “Only problem is I’m having some difficulty
her feet splayed, toes pointing outwards in writing my way towards it. Still, it’ll come, I
opposite directions.” guess.” (line 206-7); “I can’t seem to make any
10 She is stuck on a ledge and hiding from the men headway” (line 284)
below. 17 He has lost his job, is unable to make headway
11 She had earlier “dug out a tracer device” from it. with his screenplay and has received unwanted
12 a unclenched attention from Vanessa.
b splayed
c multifarious
d elaborate Page 101: From Dark
e similar / like this
f required / called on
Exercise 1
13 Veppers and Jasken are talking with Dr. (different options; these from Oxford dictionaries)
Sulbazghi on “a radio or something similar” and a a collapse of a roof or underground structure
“probably Jasken was wearing an earpiece.” b having been deserted or left
14 Enhancing Oculenses, tracer device, a type of c estimate or determine
comms gear d a hawker is a person who travels about selling
goods, typically advertising them by shouting
e not showing fear or hesitation in the face of
danger or difficulty
f a person’s body with reference to its size or build
11
Chapter 4 - Answers
Exercise 2
a unable (line 1)
b preventing (3)
c remained (4/6)
d along with (8)
e in fear of (12)
f extending (17)
g with fascination (21)
h slamming (24)
i (spreading out), thickening
Exercise 3
1 F
2 G
3 I (/B)
4 E
5 D
6 B
7 H
Exercise 4
the experienced ones
Exercise 5
youngsters
Exercise 6
a False; “Already for two months the men had
lived underground”
b False; “working and sleeping in darkness”
c True; “They had water and food”
d False; “Four of them had worked legally” (four
out of nine)
e False; “They spoke (…) with confidence and
shared stories”
f True; ”knowing that (many) would not go for
help (… and) syndicate bosses (…) would do
nothing”
g False; “so that they could make money to take back”
h False; “Underground they suffered.”
i False; “food at prices too frightening for them to
say out loud”
j True; “Muscles formed where none had been”
Exercise 9
B
Exercise 10
A and/or D (depending on interpretation)
Exercise 11
D
12
Chapter 5 - Answers
Chapter 5 - Answers
Page 135: Population Diversity Exercise 2
a How difficult it is to understand
Exercise 1 b The different tongues spoken in Singapore
a A affected each other and evolved into
b B a communal language (used by locals
c C and immigrants from different language
d D backgrounds).
c words and pronunciation from other languages
Exercise 2 were mixed into English
d spoken very fast / word endings not fully
a B
pronounced
b A
e no articles / verbs left out and tenses / plurals /
c B
pronouns / voice missing
d C
f Non-standard grammar used in a public sign
e C
g Varies from person to person / ethnic group to
f B
ethnic group
g A
h because the use of proper English gives the city
h B
a good image as an international hub
i B
i switch back and forth depending on who they
j B
are speaking to
k A
j Fun, energetic and laconic
l C
m C
n C Exercise 3
o B a never-ending
b carefully/ diligently/ thoroughly
Exercise 3 c putting ideas into words
d busy and confusing
a the location of Singapore
e original inhabitants
b Singapore
f lament / regret
c Singapore
g short and to the point / concise
d immigrants of the 19th century
e the end of the 19th century
f the rest of the population Exercise 4
g Other foreign / non-resident workers
A-D Students should be encouraged to look up
h cultural area
the references and work out the connection
to the text
Page 140 : Interlinguistic
interference
Exercise 1
1 D
2 G
3 J
4 E
5 H
6 L
7 K
8 C
13
Chapter 5 - Answers
Page 144: Multilingual identity Exercise 2

Answers here are indicative only
Exercise 1
a bedtime stories / family voices / poetry /
Answers here are indicative only
gossip (any of these )
Chinese Thai English b Languages are similar / children naturally
In which Home Outside in the School (later) able to learn several languages at once
social neighbourhood (inferred)/ she was exposed to all those
domains of dialects at the same time and each helped
her life was her in bonding with her family.
the language c buying fruit, vegetables and street food /
used? bargaining / going to the temple / fishing
d learned it at school
Who did Her family Local Thai Books and
e a language separate from her daily life
Minfong learn people teachers
f She could not use all languages she spoke
the language
to express everything: her heart spoke in
from?
Chinese, she used Thai to communicate
How did Naturally Naturally Formally as with her immediate world outside home and
Minfong a learned English at school. Therefore, she was not
learn this language able to use English to express emotions and
language? it had little cultural meaning to her.
To which Heart Hands Head g She wrote in all three languages at first and
part of the only after some time wrote in formal English
body does h She was made to feel artificial- not a real/
the writer original speaker of English
relate the i She is writing in English about non-
language? anglophone cultures and characters who
What Couldn’t wouldn’t speak English in real life
problems express her j It reminded her of Thailand, her home and
did she have emotions her previous life experiences
with the
language? Exercise 3
What Voices of A functional School a feeling comfortable with each other and
expressions childhood language language gossiping together
might she Exquisite Bargaining Separate b distant
use to Sibilant Tasting Intellectual c making someone remember (nostalgically) /
describe her Emotional Touching exercise arousing / invoking / inducing
relationship resonance Nuanced Textbooks d using language with lots of a shu- chu-
with each and sounds
language examinations e without thinking
Devoid of f making an emotional impression
feeling g to lie around (comfortably) in mud or water
h with fine differences (slight changes in Thai
What does Emotionally Practical: a An academic vowels sounds can alter the meaning of a
Mingfong attached language for language word greatly)
wish to Language getting things Separate
convey of feelings/ done from her daily
by these family life Pages 148-9: Third Culture Kids
expressions? A language Exercise 1
of home
a Greater internationalism
culture
b They create their own sub- cultures / They
are highly mobile / They frequently relocate.
(Any 2)
c 1 The first definition emphasizes a
movement into another place.
2 The second definition emphasizes a
movement into another culture.
14
Chapter 5 - Answers
d With other TCKs (others of a similar

background)
Page 153: Help children
e Knowledge of different cultures &values, ability maintain their culture in foreign
to compare local and international issues &
understanding of human rights
environments
f Parents’ culture(s), the host culture in which Exercise 1
they live & their own sub-culture as TCKs a globalization
b exposure
Exercise 2 c integrating
a 15 d indigenous
b 15 e enhanced
c 10 f display
d 6 g exposed
e 8 h initiative
f 13 i necessity
g 2 j instilling (Teachers: option does not appear
h 1 (note: 1 should have been 'combining') in the book. Ask students to add it before they
i 3 attempt the exercise.)
j 7 k achievement
l benefit
Exercise 3
(Sample answers) Exercise 2
Those cultures: cultures other than the child's own
a False: “not a new phenomenon” its: mother tongue/ indigenous language
b True: “they have led highly mobile lives” / "they they: the elders
often relocate to new homes and/or countries" one: any parent
c True: “introduced to a variety of global people” / in the same vein: the idiom refers to the Cameroonian
"they are exposed to new cultures" saying... it means 'similarly'. Note: this is not a
d True: “The question “Who am I is frequently direct reference question.
asked”. their: relatives
e False: “they position themselves by integrating a this understanding: exposure and sensitivity to global
huge pool of values, norms, behaviours, beliefs, cultures
mannerisms and thoughts”
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Pieces of advice
a A world traveller without roots / permanent 1. Emphasise the indigenous language/ speak to
home your children in your mother tongue;
b Brought up on the edge of different cultures 2. Adopt folklore as a way of passing on culture;
c To find a way of expressing something 3. Expose children to books and multimedia in
differently, metaphorically, amusingly their home language;
d To not belong to any single culture / to accept 4. Be informed about your own culture;
(aspects of) several cultures simultaneously 5. Communicate your expectations about learning
their home culture and its necessity to your
Exercise 5 children;
This is an interpretive exercise. Multiple responses 6. Seek the support of relatives and cultural setups;
(A, B and C) are applicable to sentences 1 – 30. 7. be committed and determined: instilling a native
Emphasis should be on the students’ justification of culture in a child living in a foreign country is
their choices. not easy and does not happen overnight;
8. Do not limit learning to particular cultures.
Exercise 4
Teachers: please allow students to demonstrate their
own understanding of the proverbs, all of which
have been explained in the text.
15
Chapter 5 - Answers
Page 158: Language and cultural Exercise 3

identity These are suggested answers
Disadvantages Advantages
Exercise 1
Languages Never learned Excellent English
a At home and an outsider
Arabic or Hindi skills
b Monolingual
c Early days Family Cannot He has wider
d Multilingual communities communicate perspectives
e Limits of learned languages with those who
f Unable to communicate speak Kannada
g At home and an outsider Being Indian Does not feel at He doesn’t feel
h Independent home in India tied to his home
i Fresh start Feels as though country
j Where I belong he has missed
out
Exercise 2 Living In Saudi Never made Made friends with
Arabia any local Saudi other TCKs
a He has never learned them properly or lived in
friends
India long enough
b Mediocre Being an English Feels as though Is comfortable
c That he was in a minority; most people are speaker he cannot know living in London
multilingual his family or Has access to
d With disappointment share the family’s work
e Liveliness culture
f The fact that India is so multilingual Having a sense of Might not know Can move around
g Living in a country where English is the first home where he belongs easily
language Living in London He is always He feels at home
h He went to an English speaking school with going to be and he feels
English speaking schoolmates something of an independent
i He now makes friends with people from outsider
different cultures and/ or backgrounds Other
j He feels at home speaking English
Exercise 3
a The loud sound of the language he doesn’t
Page 164: Education and minorities
understand (clatter = banging together) Exercise 1
b Clearly understood a About 4 or 5. She was still in kindergarten
c Something you cannot learn and/ or b Lack of English / shyness / cultural differences
comprehend c She spent a lot of time drawing them and they
d An unhappy complaint from his relatives contained her “secret’ world.
e They almost treated him as an inferior d She was retained because it appeared she was
f He was tired of hearing them complain making no progress.
g He became really involved in expat culture with e She seems to have talked freely to her parents at
other third culture kids home.
h It was something totally refreshing, new, f Not understanding the English alphabet and the
different and enjoyable connection between the shape and the sound of
the words. English words did not behave like
Chinese words.
g It seemed impolite to her for “I” to have a capital
letter. It seemed self -important / She wanted
to be polite to “you”, but she thought that the
small letter showed a lack of respect / The word
“You” was too soft to pronounce.
h She could already read Chinese characters when
she was learning English.
i It was probably where the teacher put the
children who seemed to have learning problems.
16
Chapter 5 - Answers
j The parents never signed permission slips / The Not taking part in Too shy or Her parents didn’t
girls' soft voices wouldn't have been heard by an the school play antisocial / her give permission
audience. voice is too soft
to be heard by the
Exercise 2 audience
These are suggested answers Not wanting to As Americans Maxine was
a She was preparing to speak (in English) but sing “Land where they were superstitious
wasn’t quite ready. my father’s died” supposed to sing
b The other Chinese girls started speaking English this patriotic song
eventually.
c She found out that she was supposed to answer
the teacher (in English). Page 169: Scrap the teenage
d She herself was too scared to speak/ reply. stereotypes
e She thought girls were supposed to be quiet in
her Chinese culture. Exercise 1
f She was looking at the English word “I” and 1 C
wanting it to turn into a Chinese character. 2 K
g It was very difficult for her to pronounce. 3 B
h She expected another Asian American to 4 E
understand that it is unlucky to sing about the 5 L
dead. 6 H
7 F
Exercise 3 8 A
These are suggested answers 9 D
Maxine’s actions The teacher’s Maxine’s reasons Exercise 2

interpretation
These are suggested answers
Painting black Doesn’t Wasn’t ready to
over her pictures understand how show her pictures a Brought out / published (with a great impact)
to draw / has a to the world b Hard/ unromantic / can be sung by a crowd/ a
psychological song with which people identify
problem c Unhappy with the present social situation
d Punk/metal hard rock
Not speaking or Doesn’t She didn’t
e Indistinct smell / faint sign of
asking to go to understand. understand it was
f A group with a clear set of moral values
the toilet Rude. necessary
Maybe a slow
learner Exercise 3
Drinking out of a Bad mannered The Chinese drink These are suggested answers
saucer Doesn’t tea out of bowls a (any 5)
understand how honest & caring /good to parents
to use a cup fewer problems with smoking / drinking
Finding it hard to Doesn’t Too different to (alcohol) / drugs / sex
write the word “I” understand. Chinese writing b fewer teenagers suffering from depression,
in English Rude. bullying, drug & alcohol problems, gang
Maybe a slow violence, sexual abuse or have attempted suicide
learner c People assume teenage behavior is getting
worse/ they think Dr. Bibby is being
Finding it hard She was illiterate. Too difficult to overoptimistic
to say the word Does not pronounce / too d Pick any 3:
“you” in English understand different from the Better relations with parents /
English. Chinese I Better (social service) resources /use of grief
counselors / Alternative entertainment via
computers
e They want to build better relationships / spend
more time with their children
f For company / fun but less important for advice
17
Chapter 5 - Answers
g Spending on social services for teenagers c Be an entertainer (on stage)

h Gambling / lack of awareness of the news d (Serious) disadvantages
i More involved with computers / more Teachers: please note that this is not a direct
entertainment options / less likely to get into reference question. It requires inference and
bad habits (vice) understanding of what the expression means.
j They don’t know what is going on in the world e A job /vocation / What you do
k 'this artillery' refers to Information
technologies and technological programmes. Exercise 4
They're described as 'artillery' because those
a A
advancements are tools that can be used in both
b A
good and evil ways.
c B
l How they will use technology in the future
d B
e A
Exercise 4 f A
a Children born to the Baby Boomer generation g C
(1946 -1964) i.e. born in the late 80’s and 90’s: h A
Generation X
b It’s not the amount of time parents spend with
their children which is important. It is quality of
Pages 178-9: Ignoring the Bananas
the interaction. While this is the actual meaning Exercise 1
of the phrase, Dr. Bibby actually criticizes those
a f
who advocate quality over quantity when it
b c
comes to parent-child relationships.
c e
c Become unemployed
d b
Page 174: The courage to change Exercise 2

Exercise 1 a gimmickry
b speckled
a False: "my parents' plan for my life did not
c vented
include comedy"
d aggravated
b True: “You cant do that….”, she shouted
e subside
c False: I always wanted to perform / I always
f dished out
wanted to be a comedian
g bigotry
d False: I never thought it would be possible
h flinch * not flinched
e False: I have struggled against people who wish
me badly
f This could be either true or false depending on Exercise 3
students' interpretation of what Shazia's mother a False: “throwing bananas on the pitch is the
said. Please accept both as long as the student is ultimate insult”
capable of providing a persuasive argument. b False: “still remains an incurable disease”
c True: Example of Eto’o, Kameni , Asamoah,
Exercise 2 d False: (he) looked the monster in the eye /water
off a duck’s back / they did not affect me
a To become a doctor / marry the prime minister
e False: Racism was rife/ the authorities, referees
b It’s a stereotypical set of values for ambitious
never did anything
(British Asian )parents
f False: he hadn’t even given the symbol
c She (violently) opposed the idea
of degradation a second thought / I don't
d You have to suffer for your ambitions
remember doing that
e Bullying / racism /sexism
g False: National front supporters said the goal
f Self-belief
didn’t count
g Being stereotyped / pigeon-holed
h True: (he) works through the Kick It Out
h Achieving something really difficult /
Campaign
accomplishing goals
i True: “you were told, “as a black man you're
fast so you don’t have to think so much.”
Exercise 3 j False: Racism still exists
a Her job as a stand up comic / being a 'clown'
b Her future
18
Chapter 5 - Answers
a Jamaica Suggested answers.
b Racism a You act really smart / You behave in a superior
c Back-heeling the banana manner
d The racist act of throwing the banana b What are you looking at? (threatening
e Watford Football Club behavior, accusing someone of staring)
c Do you want me to bust your face? / Do you
Exercise 5 want me to hit you in the face?
a Highlighted / made clearly visible d Beat her up!
b A small world (metaphor) e They make me feel like dying
c prevalent/ rampant
d Successful / winning Exercise 3
e Behaviour Students should be given the opportunity to find
what the cultural references mean and explain their
meaning in their own words.
Exercise 6
a Earning a living
b To have no fear of
c To be unconcerned about
d The most successful
e To be unconcerned about
f Become very important / visible
g Stop worrying about something unpleasant /
threatening
Page 184: Prejudice, discrimination

and racism
Suggested answers
Exercise 1
a She is not good at maths /she is singled out to
go to the special maths class / the other children
there make racist /threatening comments.
b She considers herself “dumb”.
c Aggressive / threatening / racist
d They have low self-esteem / work on improving
students' academic self-esteem/ address racial
problems
e As an American of Japanese heritage, she is in
the minority.
f To deflect the classes’ attention to someone else
more vulnerable than her
g She breaks down crying.
h They can blame their low esteem on someone
weaker than themselves.
i Not really; she doesn’t address the fundamental
problem
j Deal with the underlying problems / work on
improving students' academic self-esteem /
address racial problems
k She is really sorry and ashamed
l discrimination and racist bullying
19
Chapter 5 - Answers
Exercise 4
LOVEY Observation 1 Interpretation 1 Observation 2 Interpretation 2
Her appearance and She wears size 12. Overweight She wants a sweater She might not have
possessions and chain like Phyllis. nice clothes
Her voice and speech She yells insults at Bad manners / poor She is good with words She is much brighter
Phyllis in class. self-control and observant. than she thinks she is.
Her behaviour She does like going to Low self-esteem She would bully Cowardly
special maths classes someone else to avoid
being hurt herself.
Reactions of others The other kids are very She is used to being The other kids call her There is a lot of racism
to her hostile. bullied. racist names. in that class which is
not dealt with.
Her home and American of Japanese In a minority They have a linoleum Not wealthy?
background heritage table.
Her thoughts Very observant She really Very sensitive

and emotions understands Phyllis’
feelings.
PHYLLIS Observation 1 Interpretation 1 Observation 2 Interpretation 2
Her appearance and She wears a size 6 . Very small She has all her school She really wants to
possessions equipment. learn.
Her voice and speech She has a gummy Normally very friendly She speaks dialect . Possibly comes
laugh. from a working class
background.
Her behaviour She cries when bullied. She is sensitive and She waves goodbye. Normally very friendly
vulnerable.
Reactions of others Jerry and Lovey tease Lovey and Jerry really Lovey makes fun of Phyllis is even lower
to her her. like her. her and the eraser up than Lovey in the
her nose. students’ social order.
Her home and American of Philipino In a minority in the She lives up a dirt Possibly: her family
background heritage class / school road. are farm workers ?
Her thoughts She shoulder shakes She is very upset She gets smaller and She is trying to
and emotions and sniffles. at being picked on smaller until she looks disappear / avoid
by Lovey who is like a white-sweatered any contact with the
supposed to be her ball. hurtful behaviour
friend . around her.
20
Chapter 6 - Answers
Chapter 6 - Answers
Page 189: The Cultural Significance Exercise 5
*their: European sailors and coal miners/
of Tattoos European men in dangerous
Exercise 1 professions
*this time: late 18th Century
a on the contrary
*them: Maori men
b as a result
*them: Maori women
c since
*their: Europeans
d as
*They: highly skilled tattooists of Samoa
e although
f similarly
g for example Page 190: Letter
h also
i although Exercise 1
a due to
Exercise 2 b to start with
c furthermore
Target culture/ Tattoo Design Significance d when
Group e despite
Anchors or lamps Protection f as well as
on forearms g although
Maori culture of h in fact
New Zealand i not only
Prevents skin j but also
from being k therefore
wrinkled and l otherwise
keeps women m but
young
Berber tribes in Cultural symbols Page 192: Tattoos and Piercings
Algeria, Tunisia
and Libya cause Discrimination in the
Workplace
a tattoos are marks of machismo (form of a have
expression) insignificant to other sub-cultures b will clutter
b They are symbols of rich cultural histories c on to
c It reveals specific information about that d clan
person’s social status, ancestry and skills e but
d Potential f is
e To show their proficiency in using the symbol g weren’t
tattooed h due to
f It has steadily evolved from a rebellious, anti- i stepped
social activity in the 1960s to a mainstream j by
means of asserting one’s identity in the 1990s k but
(Any other wordings with the same l unfortunately
meaning are acceptable) m on
g Any four of the following: culture, ethnicity,
religion, representation of fashion, expression of Exercise 2
art/spiritual awakening
C, E, G, I (in any order)
Exercise 4
a C Exercise 3
b B a “The media, fashion industry and Hollywood
c A have played a major role in manipulating society
21
Chapter 6 - Answers
to believe in what is acceptable or not” Lines 1-5

b In their attempts to become as thin as a rail,
Pages 203-204: Video Game
people are willing to put their health at stake Violence
(Accept any other relevant answers)
c Tattooed and pierced people are stereotyped
Exercise 1
as misfits, lazy, uneducated and ungodly. The 1 K
writer refutes this notion by highlighting that 2 g
those people are also human intelligent beings 3 d
who choose to express themselves in unique 4 j
and experimental ways. 5 c
d 1 Some tattoos and piercings have cultural and 6 f
religious significance 7 i
2 No one should judge people based on body 8 a
modifications
e Emphasis Exercise 2
f Parentheses are used here to de-emphasize a FALSE: ‘was invited to speak (at Nebraska
the widespread notion some people have Wesleyan University)’
about tattooed and pierced people not being b TRUE: ‘brings distinguished psychologists to the
as intelligent as non-tattooed and non-pierced Wesleyan campus’
individuals. c FALSE: ‘…a distinguished professor of
g *fad: fashion psychology at Iowa University’
*misfits: people unable to adjust or fit in an d FALSE: ‘ and we have to tell them they cannot’
environment (other similar meanings are acceptable) e TRUE: ‘there are no U.S. laws regarding violent
video games’
Page 197: Customs & dress codes in f FALSE: ‘I say upfront that I will not comment
on what I think about the law under judicial
the workplace review’ OR ‘I will talk about what the science
says or what it cannot say’ OR ‘my political
Exercise 1 opinion is not relevant to what I regard as my
1 B scientific expertise’
2 G g FALSE: ‘but not as big as it needs to be’
3 I
4 E
Exercise 3
a Violent Video Games: Theory, Research, and
Exercise 2 Public Policy
a helping hand b undergraduate psychology students
b compulsory c ANY four of the following: depression/
c severe loneliness/shyness/attribution processes/ social
d opt for judgment/ human aggression
e against d 1. He has earned recognition as the second
f abusive most highly cited scholar in social
g torn psychology textbooks
h sweat 2. He has testified before the U.S. Senate
i ensure Committee on Commerce, Science and
j communicate Transportation’s hearing on “The Impact of
Interactive Violence on Children”
Page 198: Are dress codes in the 3. He has served on the Media Violence Expert
Panel for the Surgeon General
workplace necessary? e The research has been used by child advocacy
Order of paragraphs is groups and others in modern countries to make
sure that legal restrictions/ratings are enforced.
1 D f ‘the research evidence over the years doesn’t
2 E bear that out, yet.’
3 G g how much the individuals have played and
4 A what kinds of games they play
5 C h Studies which follow participants and see where
6 B they end up after several years.
7 F
22
Chapter 6 - Answers
i Jail, Juvenile detention, facilities or being kicked Exercise 2

out of school a researchers
j ‘They’ refers to people/some individuals b animated violence
‘this’ focusing on violent video games as a c introducing a ratings system
criticism for the evidence found between
increased aggression and exposure to violent
video games/ criticizing lack of longitudinal
Exercise 3
studies. a In fact
They can no longer do that because b Misleading
longitudinal studies have already been done c Reducing
pertaining to television violence, a similar d Also
phenomenon to video games violence. e Had seen
k A group at Iowa State University. They focus f Extensive
on drug use, intervention to reduce kids’ use g Anti-social
of alcohol, intervention to reduce tobacco, h Excluding
intervention to reduce various illegal substances. i But
l Video game addiction or internet addiction, j Among
including text messaging. k On
m Watching a lot of T.V. l Picked up
Exercise 4 Page 208: Video games don’t cause

a the effects of exposure to violent video games on
aggressive behavior
children to be violent (Page 208)
b the distinguished psychologists invited to the Exercise 1
FAWL Lecture Series C
c identifying gaps in the research
d Columbine shooting
e that highly aggressive people are more
Exercise 2
susceptible to the harmful effects of media A, E, F, G (in any order)
violence
Exercise 3
Exercise 5 a though
a being subjected to b in addition
b before c according to
c easily influenced d but
d revealed/resulted in e indeed
e completely f in fact
(other words with same meanings are acceptable) g also
h even when
Exercise 6 i in the end
a A
b D Exercise 4
a Watchdog Groups & Federal Trade Commission
Page 206: Cartoon violence ‘makes b The state has not produced substantial evidence
that…violent video games cause psychological
children more aggressive’ or neurological harm to minors.
c Permanent injunction
Exercise 1 d There is no real problem that exists for such a
1 D proposal to be reviewed.
2 H
3 A
Exercise 5
4 F
5 B a authorities
b valid
c consent
d weakened
e surpasses
23
Chapter 6 - Answers
f conspicuously *take art, dance, drama, language and music

g imposed classes.
c ‘But it’s just not true’ AND ‘This, of course, is
Page 215: Stereotypes and Gender ridiculous”
d that children need to be around many other
Roles youngsters in order to socialize.
e Exaggerated/overstated, etc.
Exercise 1 f Bear out
a so g 1. Children do not respond well to large groups
b through 2. being nervous and overexcited by noise and
c towards too many people
d as 3. behavioural problems
e until 4. peer pressure
f to 5. rivalry
g up 6. ridicule
h if 7. competition
I On the other hand h 1. self-confidence
2. self-respect
Exercise 2 3. self-worth
4. independent thinkers
a 9
5. self-directed in their actions and thoughts
b 4
6. well-adjusted
c 6 (note: the original sentence/answer lacks the
Answers may vary in questions i-k
word 'by')
d 7
e 1 Page 219: An Episode of War
f 3
g 5 (part 1)
Exercise 1
Exercise 3 a grimy and hot-throated
a assuming b Indication/traces of the sudden bullet fired from
b traits the forest (OR any other possible interpretation)
c validates c The wood symbolizes the enemy attacking the
d shortage lieutenant when it is least expected/Source of
e fundamental threat or danger.
f perpetrator d He cannot sheath it due to his wound (OR any
g equitable other possible interpretation)
e Equipped with (or any other wording with the same
Page 217: Social Skills and meaning)
f *Sheathing the sword held by the left hand at
Homeschooling Myths and Facts the middle of the blade in a wobbling scabbard
hung at the left hip. The descriptions are: a
Exercise 1 feat worthy of a sawdust ring/breathed like a
1 E wrestler/ The wounded officer engaged in…
2 H wobbling scabbard
3 F g 1. A wound is majestic and gives dignity to the
4 B lieutenant, which makes them feel little and
5 A unable to touch it
2. They fear touching the wound might worsen
Exercise 2 things and cause the lieutenant’s death. (OR
a Homeschooling does not promote/sharpen any other wordings with the same meaning)
socializations skills/Homeschooled children lack h 1. C
socialization skills OR any other relevant 2. B
answer. 3. B
b *Enjoying museums, beaches, parks and shows
*traveling
*participating in Girl and Boy Scouts, 4-H and
sports
24
Chapter 6 - Answers
Exercise 2
This catastrophe: The lieutenant being shot/
suddenly wounded
They: the men about him/Corporals and other
representatives
It: The catastrophe/ The lieutenant being shot/
suddenly wounded
It: wounded man’s hand
It: shoulder/sergeant’s shoulder
The latter: the lieutenant
Page 221: An Episode of War

(part 2)
Exercise 1
a Answers vary. Refer to descriptions in the text
(Scene 1 lines 1-9. Scene 2 Lines 10-16, Scene 3 Lines
17-28, Scene 4 Lines 33-39)
b ‘War chorus’ refers to the aggregation of wheels,
levers and motors. The matching phrase is
‘beautiful unity’
c save
d Although these stragglers do not have part in
the battle, they knew more of it than others
as they told the performance of every corps,
division, the opinion of every general, etc.
e as sinister to him as the portals of death
f Answers may vary
Exercise 2
a D
b A
c B
d D
e A
Exercise 4
a lieutenant
b shells
c lieutenant
d surgeon
25
Chapter 7 - Answers
Chapter 7 - Answers
Page 225: You too can be a medical Page 226: Developing writing skills:
practitioner blog entry
Exercise 1 There are no definitive answers for the set of
questions provided. Students are expected to
a would happen
identify how the author of the blog entry uses
b not
persuasive language and structures to convince the
c outside
audience of her stance. Some examples of possible
d will be launched
answers are listed below:
e will form
f can correctly answer quote the words or phrases which clarify the
g is required author’s attitude to the topic she writes about.
h to be following
The author supports the registration of people who
i look into
practice old wives’ traditional medicine although
j except
they have not had any official medical training as
k indeed
medical practitioners.
l so
m but Examples of phrases which highlight this approval:
n which ● Simply register (line 1)
o objects ● why not become a registered practitioner (lines
4 & 5)
Exercise 2 ● well (line 15)
a ability to practise Old Wives’ Traditional ● far more glamorous (line 25)
Medicine/ ability to questions about traditional Examples of
cures and advice correctly Description: Old Wives’ traditional medicine/
b medical training or understanding of human the description of the scheme, registration, etc.
physiology Fact: Tomorrow at 11.30 am… (line 6)/
c the scheme flatters practitioners just for description and requirements of the schemes…
following traditional methods, and does away Narrative voice: Second-person view (you)
with the need for any of that difficult medical combined with first-person inclusion at times
training (we). Effect: audience feel they are included,
d A that their opinion matters.
e it is far more glamorous Direct quotes: Andy Burnham and Tom
f misdiagnosis, dangerous drug interactions and Dolphin’s quotes.
the problems of blurring the line between what Emotive language: absolutely (line 12)/
is and what is not medicine Hang on a moment (line 14) / Surely (line 14)
g there can’t be anything to worry about, can [discuss with students the feelings those and
there? (lines 33 & 34− using tag questions to similar words and phrases evoke]
elicit approval)/ What a spoilsport (line 43) Rhetorical questions: there can’t be anything
to worry about, can there? (line 33 & 34)
Exercise 3
a questions about the traditional way to treat Page 228: CAM practitioners are
burns & what happens to one’s face when the
wind changes
skilled conmen
b a group of junior medics and scientists from the Exercise 1
Voice of Young Science a gifted
c practising medicine that isn’t evidence-based b yield
d the proposed Department of Health professional c physician
registration scheme d stringent
e little Johnny e advocate
f unproven therapies f quacks
g fatal
h dubious
i incorporating
j diverted
26
Chapter 7 - Answers
Exercise 2 Page 236: Preventing substance

B/D/E/H/J (in any order)
abuse
a C (not D because the author has apparently
a abuse
spent time and effort studying the disadvantages
b recruits
of alternative medicine, while rejecting
c intimately
something out of hand means rejecting it
d onset
without any thought or study)
e exceedingly
b A
f embedded
c B
g underlying
d B
h experiencing
e B
i common
j potential
Page 231: In favour of k obliterate
l
complementary medicine optimistic
a methods a True− sixty to sixty five percent of youths who
b vast have been jailed have been intimately connected
c deluding with substance abuse
d effective b False− successful prevention is the identification
e improved of the underlying cause(s) of substance abuse
f practised c True− Common to all is an intolerance of
g rejected frustration (and a frustration about the
h contradiction inevitable experience of frustration)
i better d True− potentially equipping him or her with a
j legitimate necessary self-structure for successfully leading a
balanced life
Exercise 2 e False− for approximately eight weeks
f True− each student will be asked to fill out a
a Teachers: allow students to speculate and try to
survey
guess meaning from context. Specific knowledge
of the New Age philosophy is not required.
Accept answers like ‘will become dated’. Exercise 3
New Age: a philosophy, originating in the late a the author’s war against drug abuse
1980s, characterized by a belief in alternative b in an accurate description of a problem lies an
medicine, astrology, spiritualism, etc. (The Free embedded solution
Dictionary). Refer to ‘allusion’ (p. 34) in Chapter c The author/ Gibbs A. Williams/ Dr. Williams
2. d negative feelings/ anxiety, depression, shame,
b mainstream guilt, confusion, weakness, helplessness,
c certain complementary treatments hopelessness, ambiguity, complexity,
d acupuncture osteopathy, chiropractic and herbal ambivalence, and not knowing
medicine e administrators, counselors and teachers
e that a mechanism for treatment may still be f workshops
discovered; therefore, people should not reject g adolescents
complementary treatments out of hand/ link to h negative feelings
the acupuncture example
f patients should be given access to such therapies
Page 239: Drug addiction
Exercise 3 intervention
a 7 Exercise 1
b 1
a abusing
c 8
b thinks
d 3
c can
e 6
d are thinking
27
Chapter 7 - Answers
e probably l addicts will no longer be the person they used to

f out be
g vary
h
i
moreover
trained
Page 243: Mitigate crime, poverty
j are caught and drug use through education
k by
l no longer Exercise 1
m just a understanding
n objective b change
o immediately c promoting
p however d dedicated
e circulating
Exercise 2 f losses
g positive
a wondering
h happen
b making a fuss
i cure
c issues
j imprisonment
d approach
k improve
e proper
l making
f gathered
g adjust
h regardless Exercise 2
i accurate a true education consists in drawing the best
j vital out of yourself… his philosophy is originally
k severity Gandhi’s
l rational b be the adjustments they want to see in the earth
m trained c focus national attention on essential academic
n battling problems, prohibiting discrimination and
o taken over guaranteeing equal entry to training
p encounter d a daily occurrence
q instrumental e that is it a huge problem/ the statement
r witness emphasizes the claim made earlier about
s detached violence in New York being a daily occurrence
t path f Any two from: poverty/ dropping out of school/
medications/ disorder/ gang violence/ crime
Exercise 3 g it helped him understand the constructive
results it had on his lifestyle: he was ready to
a that s/he is the last one to realise or admit that
read a lot of guides from every single culture
s/he has a problem
and religion, which inspired him to make
b to plan the best approach to handle the case,
positive adjustments & he had the intuition to
based upon the addict’s history of use
see how good adjustment circulates back into his
c will plan according to the user’s drug of choice,
existence
make the proper analysis and map out a specific
h social costs and welfare dependency will
strategy based on the information gathered
increase
d people who are caught in addiction
i crime management, drug treatment and
e getting the drug
earnings assist programs
f the consequences of addiction: health and legal
j connects men and women in need with
problems
fundamental providers, educational and
g because the life of the addict may be on the line
employment coaching, wellbeing treatment,
h family and friends telling the addict you are
counseling, and numerous other personal
concerned for their health and well-being
growth possibilities
i it leads to subjectivity: by being too close to the
addict, family and friends may interfere in the
professional help the addict is getting when they Exercise 3
do not know what is in his/her best interest A/D/E/H/I (in any order)
j Helen Keller’s parents
k the visits may lead to putting addicts into a
rehab program, or at least getting them to see a
physician
28
Chapter 7 - Answers
Page 246: From John Barleycorn:

Alcoholic Memoirs
Exercise 1
a sympathy
b seasoned
c stagger
d dipsomaniac
e numbly
f vision
g babble
h universe
i pathway
j clear
Exercise 2
a himself, the seasoned drinker
b excessivist
c stupid, unimaginative, staggers a lot and
falls frequently in the gutter, and prone to
hallucinations
d unlike the unimaginative drinker, the
imaginative walks straight, never staggers nor
falls, and knows just where he is and what he is
doing, is witty
e death
f emphasis: the seasoned, imaginative drinker
does not delude himself into thinking he is
immortal as others do
g that he is mortal
h they are pessimistic and grim; he loses faith in
everyone around him
i his life
j meagreness
Exercise 3
a and who sees, in the extremity of his ecstasy,
blue mice and pink elephants
b he may know only the laws of things− the
meaning of things never
c the one event happeneth to all alike. There
is no new thing under the sun, not even that
yearned-for bauble of feeble souls—immortality
d He looks upon life and all its affairs with
the jaundiced eye of a pessimistic German
philosopher/
e They are without freedom. They are puppets of
chance. So is he.
29
Chapter 9 - Answers
Chapter 9 - Answers
Pages 300-301: Wildlife safaris in g In paragraph 9, another word for ‘sidetrack’ is
distract
India – Tips from the expert
a not all of them have adequate infrastructure/
Advantages Disadvantages tourist may need to put up with a certain
Jeep covering a lot of ● if one is not patient, amount of physical discomfort
rides ground in the shortest it can turn out to be b hearing
possible time, thus a mindless drive in c and rightly so
maximizing one’s the forest d climbing trees
chances of seeing ● jeep engine drowns e game
wildlife. out jungle sounds f patience
Elephant getting up close and g check on availability of machans before visiting
safaris personal with nature the part
in certain habitats h a pair of binoculars
accepted by animals/ i taking the perfect picture
they do not link it with j a good field guide
alien presence k there is no definitive answer- students should
no noise pollution express how important patience is if one is
good visibility to benefit from watching wildlife, especially
Boat most comfortable and cannot be enjoyed at that neither visitors nor guides can conjure up
safaris relaxing way to do a the wrong time of the animals upon demand (link to paragraph 3)
safari year
best way to get close Exercise 4
to certain species of a suitable
birds b plumage
Trekking cannot be done in c obsessed
protected areas d repellents
tourist is vulnerable if e gestures
s/he does not possess f litter
appropriate survival g memories
skills h strictly
can be very dangerous i rewarding
if tourist is not fit
enough or cannot Exercise 5
climb trees
Advice Justification
Using a best way to view demands a lot of
machan game patience take a pair of good enhances the experiences
binoculars of watching/ studying
Exercise 2 wildlife
a To fully enjoy nature, one should be extremely do not take photos unless obsession with taking
sensitive to his/ her surroundings and display a you’re in a jeep photos tends to distract
large measure of patience and self-discipline from the experience of
b In paragraph 3, another word for ‘vacation’ is watching wildlife/ large
sojourn lenses are cumbersome
c In paragraph 3, another word for ‘perceptive’ is and add to one’s discomfort
discerning dress appropriately in synthetic fabrics reflect
d In paragraph 4, another word for ‘foreign’ is cotton fabrics and neutral or UV light, which is visible to
alien dull colours animals
e In paragraph 4 (not 5/ typo in the book) a use detergents that do not
phrase which means that a person is in a contain brighteners
position which gives him/ her a good view is use a wide brimmed hat inferred: to avoid a
vantage point sunstroke or sunburn
f Another word given in the text for ‘machan’ is do not use dark glasses no justification provided
hide
30
Chapter 9 - Answers
do not use strong can be smelled by animals Exercise 2

deodorants, insect a green vacation
repellents and sunscreen b short(er) vacations
do not get excited on alien presence can be felt, c travel sites
seeing wildlife and speak in seen and heard by animals d amount of (CO2/ gas) emissions
hushed tones e economy sized car
do not litter it can be fatal to wildlife f Green Seal/ LEED
be patient the more time you spend
watching wildlife, the more Exercise 3
you learn about them The pieces of advice are those succinctly put in the
do not encroach upon an highly dangerous- can be paragraph headings in the text. The exercise aims
animal’s private space fatal to help students practise their paraphrasing skills,
and write a set of instructions (refer to Chapter 2, p.
29, Developing writing skills: Set of instructions or
guidelines) in their own words.
Page 303: Australian snorkeler
snatched by shark Page 313: The environmental
Exercise 1 impacts of kayaking – is it
a -
b : dangerous?
c ” Exercise 1
d ,
e , B/C/D/F/I (in any order)
f “
g ” Exercise 2
h ,
a anyone/ people of all ages
i .
b it doesn’t create large or frequent waves, require
fuel, or disperse hazards into the air
Exercise 2 c stirring up litter which aquatic animals may
1 is believed mistake for food
2 swam d choking to death because of eating the litter that
3 had campaigned was stirred up by the kayak
4 was attacked e most litter in lakes and streams is found along
5 was swimming the shoreline and settles in the sand and dirt,
6 raced and isn’t likely to drift away to the main body of
7 being knocked water
8 was filmed f fish have no risk of getting caught underneath
9 was closed the boat
10 are g where one plans to kayak & availability (or lack
of) of resources like campsites
Page 308: Eco-friendly vacationing h when ingested by fish
i dump anything/ through trash in the water &
Exercise 1 expel human waste (whenever possible) in the
1 P water
2 C j this is a reflective question- no definitive answer
3 L
4 R Exercise 3
5 E a somewhat
6 T b scatter
7 I c handy
8 J d dangerous
9 F e sufficient
10 N f only
g environmentally harmless
h eradicate
31
Chapter 9 - Answers
Exercise 4 i alluding
Teachers: allow students to make their own j us
inferences and justify them. k outlasted
l ingenuity
Examples:
● any device/ machine that requires fuel is not Exercise 2
eco-friendly a Wall-E/ his cockroach sidekick/ Eve, his beloved
● any device/ machine/ etc. that emits harmful b teems with evidence
gases is not eco-friendly c the potential extinction of the human race
● human waste, if not recycled/ used as compost, d Steven Spielberg (A.I.), Francis Lawrence (I Am
is harmful Legend), M. Night Shyamalan (The Happening)
● overcrowding is a potential problem- consider and Werner Herzog
waste, oxygen take up, etc. e overtly
● littering f Hello, Dolly!
g Waste Allocation Load Lifter- Earth Class
Page 315: What can you do to help h collection of treasures, including Zippo lighters,
nuts and bolts, and a Rubik’s Cube
the environment? i because of its notion that creativity and self-
destruction are sides of the same coin
Exercise 1 j they were driven off their home planet by an
a in essence economy consecrated to the manufacture and
b safeguarding consumption of more stuff
c imperative k with creaks and clanks and visible rivets, his
d demise surface pocked with dents and patches of
e overwhelmed rust (link to a new generation of specialized
f impact machines, lines 93&94)/ he is steadfast, but not
g proactive always clever or cool
h essential l coalesce
i reasonable m giant babies/ it encourages people to become fat,
j thrift lazy and dependent (an infantilizing force)
n the drive to invent new things and improve the
Exercise 2 old ones – to buy and sell and make and collect
a 2 – creates the potential for disaster and also the
b 8 possible path away from it
c 9
d 4 Exercise 3
e 6 a false− the audience gleans that
b false− if Wall-E were a romantic comedy
Exercise 3 c false− steadfast, but not always cleaver
a A d true− unless she’s excited, in which case she has
b A a tendency to blow things up
c B e true− an infantilizing force
d D f true− world of Wall-E− our world−
Page 319: In a world left silent, Page 323: A few poems about
one heart beeps Facebook
Exercise 1 Dear Friend I’ve Never Met
a barely (The Facebook Poem)
b wit 1 cyberspace
c bereft 2 tears & gratitude
d illuminates 3 how can you trust what you can’t see
e extinction 4 neither holy nor sublime/ maybe unreal
f muses 5 because they’re typed and texted (second
g verbatim stanza/ they’re virtual rather than real friends)
h disarmingly 6 like sunshine and fresh air/ fast/ her forever
32
Chapter 9 - Answers
friend (the poem is ‘bitter sweet’; one cannot

help but note the irony in the poet’s tone)
Lolita
7 A/D/G/I (in any order)
A “Dear Facebook” Letter

8 B- checking notifications
C- submitting a request to delete account
D- emotional blackmailing: guilt-laden messages
E- missing virtual friends
9 a moth is always attracted to light although
it ends up burned by it. Similarly, the author
cannot stop using Facebook despite her decision
not to because of its effect on her life.
The following are provisional answers- students
should reflect on their own experiences in relation to
their understanding of the poems
10 luring her with new pages, interests & guilt-
laden messages
11 once hooked, one can never leave. It also
isolates one from ‘real’ and virtual social
surroundings (link to the poet’s inability to
switch from Facebook to Twitter in the previous
stanza)
12 the video player
13 social isolation
inability to delete an account/ personal info
online forever
addiction
fake accounts
unreal friendships
33
Chapter 10 - Answers
Solutions to Must balance Must balance
Page 329: The advantages of disadvantages needs for needs for
biofuels alternative fuels alternative fuels
with the need for with the need for
Exercise 1 food supplies food supplies
a Consumers (of “green” products)
b “prices have an impact” “(price) increase /
people feel it” / “impact of rising fuel costs” /
Page332: Funning cars on biofuels
"some suggest we use biofuel" (the use of the can be ‘unethical’
inclusive we indicates that the author and his/
her audience have a common interest) Exercise 1
c To describe the different biofuels and their a She strongly opposes the use of biofuels.
advantages and disadvantages b Green targets ... are... driving slavery, world
d The need to replace fossil fuels hunger and climate change / damning report on
e Drivers- can be used with other kinds of fuel; biofuels / drive deforestation ... if not properly
The general public – renewable form of energy / monitored
lower carbon emissions c (The publishing of) an independent study by the
f The more crops are used for biofuel the less food Nuffield Council on Bioethics
is produced. d Using biofuels is going wrong / going in the
g Hopefully these problems can be resolved opposite direction / causing more harm than
good
Exercise 2 e Consumers – they are increasing food prices
For workers – they are subject to slavery and
a B
human rights abuses
b B
f The UK has agreed to meet European targets for
c C
increasing the use of biofuels by 2020.
d B
g Biofuels are supposed to reduce greenhouse
e A
gases, but intensive production methods are
f C
actually increasing them.
g B
h A source that does not harm the environment /
h B
protects human rights of workers.
i A
i A legal measure / showing that the biofuels
come from sustainable means of production.
Exercise 3 j At present biofuels imported into the UK can
Biodiesel Bioethanol come from unsustainable sources.
Properties Can be combined Used as a fuel k Waste products such as straw, ‘energy grass’,
with diesel additive willow, algae
l Not using agricultural land used for food
Advantages No engine No engine
production for the cultivation of biofuels
modifications modifications
required / Can be required / Can be
used in existing used in existing
engines engines
Better for the Can enhance
environment/ octane rating i.e.
fewer emissions makes the engine
Made from more efficient
renewable Replaces
supplies MTBE which
is made from
non-renewable
resources
Disadvantages Made from Made from
agricultural agricultural
stocks stocks
34
Exercise 2
Suggested answers (answers in bold are suggested by the
text rather than stated)
Text A
Issues Attitude: Advantages Solution: Advantages Attitude: Running cars Solution: Running
of biofuels of biofuels on biofuels can be cars on biofuels can
unethical be unethical
Energy scarcity Biofuels are a Can replace non- No opinion offered No solution offered
sustainable and renewable fossil fuels
renewable source of
energy
Economic issues Fossil fuels continue Biofuels are Biofuel production Find alternative
to rise in price inexpensive and can drives up food prices biofuels crops
lessen rises in fuel not used for food
prices production
Environmental issues Fossil fuels cause Biofuels cause fewer Biofuels do not bring No solution offered
harmful emissions* emissions down green house
gases
Ethical issues People shouldn’t No solution offered Doing nothing is Biofuels must come
starve because of unethical from ethical sources
biofuel production
Other: Allow students
to infer from text
provided they justify
their answers
* implied answer
Page 337: Top 10 arguments against Page 340

stem cell research Exercise 1
Exercise 1 a False: A sample of stem cells in a suspension (of
enzymes) is then sprayed (lines 50 -51)
a. controversial
b True: Patients suffering from ... appearance
b. opposition
(lines 29 -33)
c. potential
c False: leaving no traces (lines 34 - 35 )
d. flexibility
d True: The technique uses a sample of skin cells
e. defend
from a concealed area of the body (lines 37 –
f. unethical
38)
g. faint
e False: The patient’s skin is treated with a laser to
remove the top dead layers of skin (lines 45 -48)
Exercise 2 f False : within weeks, with scars virtually gone in
a It has unique properties to cure hundreds of a year (lines 56 – 58) )
diseases. g False: treatments are not cheap (line 72)
b It involves the destruction of a form of human h False we need more long term data (line 89)
life. i False: What put me off at first (Case study 1: line
c and no other argument is needed 13)
d giving up ( a moral position) and allowing other j False : my eyes are definitely better and I don’t
forms of unethical medical treatments and have a rash any more (Case study 1: line 19 -21)
procedures to take place
e embryonic stem cells Exercise 2
f This is a personal opinion rather than
a Skin cells are taken from a concealed area of the
established fact.
body ... behind the ear.
b Doctors undertake a biopsy in order to obtain
cells from the patient.
35
c The cells are placed in a special enzyme solution telecommunication systems.

so that they can be used in the treatment. f False: It is often easier and cheaper to build
d This solution loosens the cells. and maintain cell towers in remote areas than
e The doctors can then harvest the cells. it is to integrate them into pre-existing telecom
f A laser removes a layer of damaged skin. networks.
g A fresh surface of skin helps the cells to grow. g True: cellphone access helps to spur economic
h A spray is used to cover the affected skin with a growth
solution of stem cells. h True: They allow users to access information
i Doctors must then dress the treated area of skin. i False: the cost is still too high for some
j This enables the skin to heal. j False: ( inferred from) there are still many
barriers to the spread of mobile technology in
Exercise 3 the developing world.
a Burns and scars
b Where only the upper layer of skin is damaged. Exercise 3
c It allows the skin to heal properly / leaves no ‘ them’ refers to mobile cell phones in the world
trace of affliction (injury / damage). ‘which’ refers to bypassing government run
d The skin heals itself. telecommunications
e It uses the enzyme solution as a catalyst ‘them’ refers to cell towers in remote areas
f It uses the patient’s own cells (not stem cells). ‘They’ refers to mobile phones
g The treatment has been successful so far. ‘its’ refers to literacy
h They do not know what the long-term effects of
the treatment will be. Exercise 4
i The patient’s body will not reject the cells used
a Banks can contact people without addresses and
in treatment.
people can pay bills.
j She feels she doesn’t have to hide any more.
b People can settle matters by phone rather than
fill in forms.
Page 345: Cell phones and c To avoid using inefficient bureaucracies (and
government telecommunication services).
sustainable development: The d If they have a phone number, they can be
future is mobile contacted and they don’t need an address.
e People do not have to be able to read and write
Exercise 1 to be able to use a mobile phone.
a 10 f High costs of phone calls
b 4 No phone coverage
c 5 No power supplies
d 9 g Solar charging mobile phone stations
e 11
f
g
2
14 (should be varies)
Page 349-350: Are mobile phones
h 8 Africa’s silver bullet?
i 1 (should be acceleration)
j 12 Exercise 1
a Mobile phones make it much easier and much
Exercise 2 less expensive to conduct business.
b Mobile phones are shared e.g. village phones
a True: (inferred from) more than 80% of the
used by the whole community.
world's population now lives within range of a
c Phones can be shared/ distances can be
cellular network.
overcome / costs can be minimised. (Or any
b True: (inferred from) In the next 5 years mobile
other relevant answer)
Internet will outstrip desktop Internet usage / a
d Fishermen know what kinds of fish to catch and
figure that has doubled in the last ten years
which market is best for that. Farmers know
c False: 75% of mobile phones are in the
where and when to sell certain products.
developing world
e Sums of money can be transferred by mobile
d False: Mobile Internet access will have profound
phones / banks can provide financial services via
impacts on the entire world.
mobile phones.
e False: The construction of cellular networks
f There is growth potential and tempting
allows for the bypass of government-run
prospects for providing financial services
36
through mobile phones. There are 4 billion h It allows mass texting.

mobile phone users but only 1.4 million bank i Health workers can talk to their base, pass on
accounts. news of patients and ask for drug supplies all at
g taxes levied by national governments that the same time.
can make the cost prohibitive / coping with j Taxation by governments
regulations regarding the transfer of money from
one country to another.
Exercise 2
● A business opportunity
● The smallest single amount of time / payment for using the phone
● Safaricom
● A secure mobile payment system
● The information from health workers in distant places OR other wordings with the same meaning
● Expenses/Fees/Charges of using a mobile phone
Exercise 3 [Jargons]
a A business opportunity for “microbanks” to lend very
small sums of money to poor individuals to start or maintain a business
b Without the skills to understand or use technology
c Finding out demand for a product or service / working out costs, prices
d Anywhere you can pay in money
e The company with the biggest share of a market
f A company which is part of a bigger company
g A good business opportunity to make money
h The major / biggest companies in a particular field (See market leaders)
i The situation where money is sent from one country to another
j Rapidly accelerating growth of a business
Exercise 4
(Suggested answers)
Existing Technological Benefits Example

Problem “Silver bullets”
Poor communications, Greater access to mobile Improving communications, Five fold (x5) increase in the
schools and healthcare phones access to services and use of mobile phones in five
business opportunities years
No increase in land lines Increased use of mobile Allows far more people to use Village phones shared by
phones a mobile phone remote communities
Illiteracy Mobile phone use for Not necessary to be able Farmers and fishermen are
business to read and write to do able to talk directly and
business straight away to customers
Low prices for produce and Long distance Farmers and fishermen know They can get the best prices
products communications with straight away what to sell, for their goods
markets and where and when to sell it
No access to banking Me2U mobile money system Allows people without Small businesses can get
regular bank accounts to use their cash locally from
banking services to buy and customers far away
sell, and transfer money
Small number of bank More mobile phone financial Mobile phone banking and More profit / business for
accounts services finance will bring in more banks
customers to the banks
Many cannot afford new Street Vendor technology Uses recycled phones Allows the poorest to own a
phones mobile phone
37
Poor communications in Frontline SMS Health workers in distant Kiwanja.net

community health care Two way texting and mass places can communicate Frontline SMS
programmes texting from a single with hospitals
computer
Difficult to keep health Centrally collected data Mass texting Frontline SMS
records
High costs Even greater mobile phone Bring down the cost of More people will gain social,
use in the future communications health and economic
benefits
Page 353: Micro-Banking

Exercise 1
a Mainly for investors / Banking agents & customers
b To attract investors to invest money in the scheme /Promote the new system (Micro-Banking)
c Converting a mobile phone into a debit card
d This is a potential growth area; more mobile phones than banking & financial services
There is an already well developed infrastructure for mobile phones
There are great business opportunities for many different groups
e The language in the first section is complex and technical, aiming to make a persuasive logical argument
to investors.
f Bullet points are designed to make the initial business idea sound even more attractive /They can be
skimmed and scanned quickly to make the opening business proposition seem even more appealing/
Straightforward. Less complex / more emotional / appeals to the profit motive
Exercise 2
a The number of mobile phones in a given population
b A converted mobile phone with banking facilities
c A service to send money electronically
d Everything connected to telephone systems: hardware, software, infrastructure, business systems
e A screen on a mobile phone that gives choices
f People without bank accounts
g The area and extent to which a company is able to do business
h The methods by which banks organise themselves and their communications systems
i How much the banks are known through the use of signs and advertising
j The poorest of the community
Exercise 3
(Suggested answers)
Advantages to banks Advantages to customers Advantages to investors

1 Enormous potential to New markets = more More business More business / profits
open new markets and business / profits opportunities
business opportunities
2 Bank services are readily More business / customers Can use banking services Profitable and low cost
available and easily much more easily
accessible
3 The technology converts a Offers alternative method Can be used instead of Low risk of debt by
mobile into a Debit Card of using money carrying cash. Better customers
security
4 The system enables low Banks can extend their Banking more widely Profitable and low cost
cost banking to be made services at low cost available via local shops
available at retail outlets
38
5 It is possible to use a More custom Can replace cash and More money coming in to
mobile for all transactions is flexible system for the bank
payments
6 The system is fully secure Less chance of losses Keeps money safe Less chance of losses
7 The service makes Attracts more customers Greater availability Attracts more potential
banking easily available profit
everywhere
8 Anyone with a mobile & ID Attractive to customers Little paperwork / Good business opportunity
can get access to low cost bureaucracy / ‘red tape’
banking
9 It is a secure way to save More customers use bank Secure savings More money coming in to
money facilities the bank
10 Customers do not have Lower costs Better availability Lower costs
rely on a traditional
banking infrastructure
11 The system significantly Greater amount of Customers learn about Helps to grow business
increases bank brand & advertising bank services
visibility
12 It opens a new ‘bottom of More business Enables very poor people More investment
pyramid’ segment of the opportunities to use banks opportunities
market
13 Employers can deposit More money / funds go Easy for employers to use More money invested in
salaries directly into micro into the bank to pay wages the bank
banking accounts
14 It is easy to open an Popular and attracts new Attractive and easy to use More potential for profit
account, deposit & customers
withdraw cash,
15 It is easy to check a Attractive and easy to use Attractive and easy to use More potential for profit
bank balance and get a
statement
Page 357-358: Top 5 Mobile g True: CCBRT has created an ap that leverages
mobile technology to provide healthcare to
innovations for Social Causes women
h True: creates cloud numbers for anyone without
Exercise 1 a phone
a False: Many new subscribers exist in
impoverished countries.
b False: They both help (Inferred from: whether
Exercise 2
it's an individual, community or the non- a 5 e 12 i 7
profit itself/ many entrepreneurs are using b 1 f 6 j 8
mobile technology to help them grow their c 3 g 9
communities economically) d 4 h 2
c False: “empower individuals to emerge from
poverty” / The 'business-in-a-box' enables and
Exercise 3
empowers impoverished individuals to dig their
way out of poverty a For economic growth
d True: Ruma sends a 'business-in-a-box' to b There are lots of phones and lots of poverty /
qualified franchises for $23. three quarters of population live in poverty
e True: enables users to micro volunteer / lets while the rates of cell phone penetration are
nonprofits post requests that are then routed to incredible.
volunteers c It allows them to create a business out of renting
f True: Free2Work's new iPhone app aims to access to community phones / they set-up kiosks
educate consumers by rating products, (from and sell prepaid airtime to their community.
Apple's iPad to Hasbro's Beyblades,) based on d By volunteering for very short periods of time
the labor practices. to complete/process the requests/challenges
posted/sent by nonprofits.
39
e By enabling consumers to know if the products

they buy are manufactured using fair labour
practices.
f CCBRT uses M-Pesa, which is a money transfer
service run by Vodaphone.
g It allows them to have a cloud phone number
so that one phone could have many users each
with a private number.
h Answers will vary.
Exercise 4
In the phrase… the refer/s to…
word/s…
“to help them grow “their” Entrepreneurs
their communities in impoverished
economically”(line 8) communities
“whether it’s an “it” People in need of help
individual, community
or the non-profit
itself:” (line11-12)
The RUMA “the two” Great amounts of
organization aims poverty and great use
to combine the two” of mobile phones /
(line 16-17) Incredible cell phone
penetration and
poverty
“when it comes to “their” Corporations that do
how their products not treat their workers
are made.” (line 57 ) well / have loose
morals
“FrontlineSMS and “the lead” In providing mobile
Paypal taking the phone banking
lead” (line 60 -61 )
“And as we’ve “we” The writer and the
explored.” (line 75) reader
40

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Chapter 1 - Answers

f False - English was the second most common

Exercise 2 Page 19: Welcome to Merryweather

Page 93: The Chase Pages 97-98: Not Yet, Jayette

Page 144: Multilingual identity Exercise 2

d With other TCKs (others of a similar

Page 158: Language and cultural Exercise 3

Maxine’s actions The teacher’s Maxine’s reasons Exercise 2

g Spending on social services for teenagers c Be an entertainer (on stage)

Page 174: The courage to change Exercise 2

Page 184: Prejudice, discrimination

Her thoughts Very observant She really Very sensitive

to believe in what is acceptable or not” Lines 1-5

i Jail, Juvenile detention, facilities or being kicked Exercise 2

Exercise 4 Page 208: Video games don’t cause

f conspicuously *take art, dance, drama, language and music

Page 221: An Episode of War

Exercise 2 Page 236: Preventing substance

e probably l addicts will no longer be the person they used to

Page 246: From John Barleycorn:

do not use strong can be smelled by animals Exercise 2

friend (the poem is ‘bitter sweet’; one cannot

A “Dear Facebook” Letter

Page 337: Top 10 arguments against Page 340

c The cells are placed in a special enzyme solution telecommunication systems.

through mobile phones. There are 4 billion h It allows mass texting.

Existing Technological Benefits Example

Poor communications in Frontline SMS Health workers in distant Kiwanja.net

Page 353: Micro-Banking

Advantages to banks Advantages to customers Advantages to investors

e By enabling consumers to know if the products

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