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Review Study On Potential Activity of Piper Betle: Vandana Dwivedi, Shalini Tripathi
Review Study On Potential Activity of Piper Betle: Vandana Dwivedi, Shalini Tripathi
E-ISSN: 2278-4136
P-ISSN: 2349-8196 Review study on potential activity of Piper betle
JPP 2014; 3(4): 93-98
Received: 20-08-2014
Accepted: 11-10-2014
Vandana Dwivedi, Shalini Tripathi
Abstract
Vandana Dwivedi Piper betle is glorified as evergreen and perennial plant that God designed and have given the shape of
Research student of Rameshwaram
his own heart. The heart shaped of Piper betle leaves are initiate in ancient Sanskrit texts, include
Institute of Technology and
Charaka, Sushruta Samhita and Astanga Hradayam. Piper betle L. has been use in Chinese, Indian
Management, NH-24
Govindpuram, Sitapur road
traditional medicine for centuries. The purpose of it is to reveal the possible effect of this plant in the
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. development of therapeutically active herbal drugs.
Shalini Tripathi Keywords: Piper betle L., Chavicol, Chavibetol, Medicinal properties, Green heart.
Professor of Department of
Pharmacy, Rameshwaram 1. Introduction
Institute of Technology & 2. Plant Profile: [1, 2]
Management, NH-24
Govindpuram, Sitapur road
Taxonomical classification
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliphyta
Class: Magnolipsida
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Piper
Species: betle
Vernacular name
Sanskrit: Tambool, Mukhbhushan, Varnalata
Hindi: Paan
English: Betle, Betle pepper, Betle-vine
Telugu: Nagballi, Tamalapaku
Tamil: Vetrilai
Gujarati: Nagarbael Fig 1: Piper betle Plant
Piper betle Linn. (Local name ‘Paan’) Piperaceae, a dioecious, annual creeper, climbing by
many small adventitious rootless, grows to a height of about one metre, generally grown in
hotter and damper parts of the country [3, 4]. It is extensively found in damp forests and is
propagated in India and other countries in South-East Asia, such as Vietnam and China. In
India it is found in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal, Orissa, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and
Karnataka. In Tamilnadu, three varieties of Piper betle leaves, Sirugamani, Karpoori and
Vellaikodi are accessible mostly [5].
It is used in variety of decoction, in curing wounds, burns, impectigo, furuneloris, eczema,
lymphangits and juice is beneficial stomatic. Kammaru (a variety of Piper betle) leaf has a
good level of juice that heals pharyngitis, abdominal pain and swelling. Generally betle leaf
cures urticaria and as per ayurvedic medicine, it recovers the loss of equilibrium between the
three ‘humours,’ namely, Vatha, Pitha and Kapha. The roots and fruits are well-known for
treatment of malaria, asthma [6, 7].
Correspondence: The chief Ayurvedic preparations of Piper betle plant are Lokantha Rasa, Puspadhava Rasa,
Vandana Dwivedi
Brhat sarwajwarahara, lanha, laghu sutaseknara Rasa, Brhat visamaj warantaka Rasa. In
Research student of
Rameshwaram Institute of
Ayurveda, betle leaf juice is commonly utilized as an adjuvant & combined with different
Technology and Management, other medicines most likely for better effects beside its separate use as medicine. In Susrta-
NH-24 Govindpuram, Sitapur Samhita, tambool leaves have been described as aromatic, sharp, hot, acrid and valuable for
road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, voice, laxative, appetizer, beside this they soothe vata and aggravate pitta [8].
India.
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
HO 7. Allylpyrocatechol
The phenolic constituent allylpyrocatechol obtained from the
leaves, show action against obligate oral anaerobes responsible
for halitosis. The leaf extract also has a stimulatory outcome
on pancreatic lipase and antioxidant activity [21]. Oral
H3CO administration of APC at different doses accelerates the rate of
remedial of gastric lesion induced by indomethacin due to its
Fig 2: Chavibetol antioxidative and mucin defensive properties [22].
Eugenol HO
Eugenol, one of the principal constituent of betle leaf, has also
been shown to possess anti-inflammatory property in a variety
of animal models of studies with various inflamogens [19].
Antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-oxidant, antiviral and anticancer
activity, other identified activities such as its anti-ulcerogenic HO
potential and effect on osteoporosis and especially its effect on
the central nervous system (CNS) encompassing seizure Fig 5: Allylpyrocatechol
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
14. Betle leaf also contains diuretic property. Juice of leaves 17. The leaves are nutritive and hold considerable quantity of
given with milk or honey helps in easing urination. vitamins and minerals and therefore, six leaves with a
15. Betle leaf is used in aphrodisiac i.e. an agent that small bit of slaked lime are said to be equivalent about
stimulates sexual desire. 300 ml of cow milk mainly for the vitamin and mineral
16. The essential oils which contains in the leaves are nutrition.
antibacterial, antiprotozoal and antifungal properties. 18. The leaves also hold the enzymes like diastase and
Therefore, the oil kills or inhibits expansion of outrageous catalase as well as major amount of all the essential amino
bacteria causing typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis etc and acids except lysine, histidine and arginine, which are
helps in proper evaluation and exploitation. found only in traces.
Plant part/
S.no. Activity/Animal/ Model Result Reference
Extract
Aqueous extract Aqueous extracts showed effective
Antimicrobial activity/Various Shameem Pasha MD;
1. of the fresh Piper inhibitory action against the
microorganisms /disc diffusion method. et al, (2013)
betle leaves. microorganisms
Piper betle
Antioxidant activity/Initial antioxidant The extracts obtained from the
leaves/hot water Arambewela Lakshmi;
2. activity, Antioxidant activity with time & leaves of Piper betle had profound
extract/cold et al, (2006)
at elevated temperature (200 °C). antioxidant activity.
ethanolic extract.
Piper betle as a nutraceutical
Piper betle spray Antidiabetic activity/diabetes mellitus HewageeganaSujatha;
3. resulted as a potential treatment for
dried powder. patients. et al, (2011)
type 2 diabetes patients.
Antioxidative & antihemolytic
The antioxidative & antihemolytic
Aqueous extract activity/Microorganisms (Streptococcus
activities were attributed to the high Chakraborty Devjani;
4. of the fresh Piper pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus,
concentration & combined activity et al, (2011)
betle leaves. Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Escherichia
of flavonoids & polyphenols.
coli).
Antidermatophytic activity/ zoonotic Testing showed Piper betle cream
Crude ethanolic
dermatophytes (M. canis, M. gypseum, formulation with potential Trakranrungsiea N.; et
5. extracts of Piper
and T. mentagrophytes) and yeast-like therapeutic values for treatment of al, (2008)
betle leaves.
Candida albicans. dermatophytosis.
Antibacterial Activity/ Gram positive
The study reveals that both the
Aqueous and (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus
aqueous and alcoholic extracts be Kaveti Balaji; et al,
ethanol extract of & Micrococcus luteus) & Gram negative
6. active beside the strains of bacteria (2011).
the Piper betle (Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas
which are common cause of
leaves. aeruginosa) bacteria/ Agar diffusion
infections.
method.
The study showed that it can protect
The hot water against indomethacin-induced
Pradhan D.; et al,
7. Piper betle leaves Gastroprotective activity. gastric ulceration due to its
(2013).
extract. antioxidant and mucin protecting
properties.
The petroleum
ether extract Field tests in a cornfield using trap
&methanol Insect Attractant Property /Field tests in a contain the extracts, which does not Yusoff Z.; et al, (2005)
8.
extract of the cornfield. detect adult moths of Ostrinia
Piper betle salentialis.
leaves.
The dose produced a significant
increase in pain threshold in hot
The methanolic Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity/
plate method whereas significantly
extract of the Carrageenan induced hind paw edema Akter Fahima; et al,
9. reduced the writhing caused by
Piper betle model, hot plate, writhing and formalin (2012)
acetic acid & caused significant
leaves. tests/ Swiss albino mice and Wistar Rats.
inhibition of carrageenan induced
paw edema.
The data suggests that betle extract
The Piper betle Pradhan Manas
10. Antifertility activity/ female rats. brought about antifertility and
plant extract. Ranjan.;et al, (2013)
antiestrogonic effects in female rats.
The histological examination shows
Antihepatotoxic effect/ ethanol & carbon that Piper betle leaf extract secluded Young S.C.; et al,(
The Piper betle
11. tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury liver from the damage induce by 2007)
leaf extract.
in a rat model. CCl4 by declining alpha smooth
muscle actin (alpha-sma) expression.
The Piper betle Skin Antiseptic/ pre-surgery cataract Results showed that 20% Piper betle Husnun Amallia.; et al,
12.
leaf infusion. patients. leaf infusion to have an antiseptic (2009)
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
potential.
The ethanolic The extract of Piper betle effectively
Radioprotective activity/ Rat liver Bhattacharya S.; et al,
13. extract of Piper prevented γ-ray induced lipid
mitochondria and pBR 322plasmid DNA. (2005)
betle leaf. Peroxidation.
The study reveals that it significantly
The methanolic suppressed hemagglutinin stimulated Kanjwani, D. G; et al,
14. extract of the Immunomodulatory activity / Mice. peripheral blood lymphocyte (2006)
Piper betle. proliferation in a dose-dependent
manner.
The study showed that it has
The ethanolic significant antidepressant activity
Meti Vinayak et al;
15. Extract of Piper Antidepressant Activity/ Mice. greater than Imipramine and has the
(2012)
betle leaves. potential to be used as an
antidepressant.
12. Conclusion
The medicinal importance of the herb as discussed above Medicinal Plants CSIR, New Delhi, 1956.
evidently prove that betle leaf is one of the most promising 10. Sugumaran M, Poornima M, Venkatraman S, Lakshmi M,
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