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6 Theory of Operation PDF
6 Theory of Operation PDF
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M952 Theory of Operation 6-i
Contents Page
6-1. MCS FUNCTIONAL SCHEMATIC TEXT At a programmed time, the CPU provides a
ground path for this LED. The light from the
6-1-1. Description LED bounces off the píate and turns the
phototransistor on. The resultant low output
The M952 Láser Imager processes digital or video
signal indicates a full magazine.
data to provide film exposures for medical
interpretation. The Imager allows the operator to
Note
select:
When the magazine cover is open the LED is
• Formal: the number of images appearing on a not lit. This minimizes the chance of the LED
light contacting the film.
single film.
• Number of Origináis: up to 9 (12:1 keypad) or 5. TEST: This switch allows the technician to set
99 (20:1 keypad) identical origináis. the Film Full Sensor LED for continuous
• Normal or sudes magnification borders. operation. The technician uses this condition
when adjusting RT1 in the signal adjust block.
• Style of Image Edges: smooth or sharp
(electronic enhancement). 6. Signal Adjust: RT1 adjusts the signal level of
• Test Patterns: for density and contrast the phototransistor so the states of LED 1 and
LED 2 match the chart.
comparisons and choices.
• Self-Diagnostic Mode: to display operational LED 1 LED 2
status of the unit on a readout panel.
• Múltiple Input Modalities when an optional with píate in slit OFF LIT
(magazine full)
MMU (Multi-Modality Unit) is installed.
with píate not in slit OFF OFF
(magazine not full)
6-1-2. Functional Blocks
The numbered paragraphs refer to designated 7. Voltage Dividers: There are three voltage
blocks on the Functional Schematic, page 7-3. dividers which provide the voltages needed for
the comparator.
1. CPU (Central Processing Unit): Using inputs
from the keypad or remote device, the image
8. Comparators: These are used in a
source and the various switches, photosensors,
conventional manner.
etc. the CPU controls the operational
sequences for the Imager.
9. Film Full Detect: LED 1 is used with LED 2 to
2. Keypad: The keypad allows the operator to provide a convenient way to adjust RT1.
program and opérate the Láser Imager. Blocks
3 through 10 monitor the amount of film in the 10. Film Full Indicator: LED 2 is used with LED 1
Receive Magazine. When the film reaches 100 to provide a convenient way to adjust RT1.
to 125 sheets, these blocks genérate a Film
Full signal. This signal causes the CPU to stop Blocks 11 through 20 monitor the amount of
further film processing. The CPU also sets the film in the Supply Magazine. When the film
logic so the ALARM LEDs are lit and the Film amount is less trian 20 sheets, these blocks
Full code number (11) appears in the STATUS genérate a Film Low signal. This signal causes
display. LED 3 (red) to be lit. The CPU also sets the
logic so the ALARM LEDs are lit and the Film
3. Current Limiter: The current limiter inhibits
excessive current through the LED of the Film Out code number (10) appears in the STATUS
Full Sensor. display.
4. Film Full Sensor: This sensor uses infrared 11. Current Limiter: The current limiter inhibits
light to detect the film level in the Receive excessive current through the LEDs of the Film
Magazine. When the magazine contains 100 to Out Sensor and the Film Low Sensor.
125 sheets of film, the reflective píate appears
in the slit opening.
3M1991 November
6-2 Theorv of Qperatíon M952
12. Film Out Sensor: This sensor uses infrared 16. Voltage Dividers: There are three voltage
light to detect the film level in the Supply dividers which provide the voltages needed for
Magazine. When the magazine is out of film, the comparators.
the reflective píate appears in the slit opening.
At a programmed time, the CPU provides a 17. Comparators: These are used in a
ground path for this LED. The light from the conventional manner.
LED bounces off the píate and turns the
phototransistor on. The resultant low output 18. Film Out Detect: LED 1 is used with LED 3
signa! indicates the Supply Magazine is out of (red) to provide a convenient way to adjust
film. RT1.
© 3 M 1991 November
M952 Theory of Operation 6-3
22. Switch Logic: This block provides the operator 28. Remote Device: This device allows the user to
with the following options: bypass the key pad of the Láser Imager and
enter print commands.
• S2 TEST Switch (DENSITY): This switch
prints a test film containing wedges of 29. Image Source: The image source may include
varying density. It provides the operator a number of devices which genérate video or
with a method to determine the best digital image data. Sources include
DENSITY setting for S5. Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic
• S3 TEST Switch (CONTRAST): This switch Resonance Imaging (MRI), and a variety of
prints a test film with a full contrast range digital radiography devices.
on a 15-on-1 formal. This provides the
operator with a method to determine the 30. Image Management Systems (IMS): This
desired CONTRAST setting for S6. system consists of several PWAs which serve
• S4 USER SET SWITCH is used to save the as an interface between the image source and
Density, Contrast, and Border settings for the Láser Imager. See Section 6-3 for a
each channel. descriptive text.
• S5 DENSITY ADJUST Switch:
This allows the operator to select one of 16 Blocks 31 through 41 show the film sensing
levéis of DENSITY. interlock circuits.
• S6 CONTRAST ADJUST Switch:
This allows the operator to select one of 15 31. Current Limiter: The current limiter inhibits
levéis of CONTRAST. excessive current through the LED of the Film
• S7 USER CHANNEL SWITCH: Edge Detector.
This switch is used in conjunction with S4
to desígnate which channel is saving the 32. Film Edge Detector: When a sheet of film
current Density, Contrast, and Border enters the Drum/Nip Roller área, the thickness
settings. The switch is also used during of the film moves the Nip Roller assembly up. A
some service procedures to desígnate píate on the Nip Roller assembly blocks light
either a channel number or partition from the LED to the phototransistor. The
number. resultan! positive-going signal at the collector of
• S8 (Border Edge Switch): This switch the phototransistor is a leading-edge signal.
allows the operator to choose a black film When the sheet of film leaves the Drum/Nip
border or a clear film border. Roller área, the Nip Roller assembly moves
down. The píate on the Nip Roller assembly
23. S1 RESET Switch: The operator uses this allows light from the LED to reach the
switch to try to correct a malfunction and clear phototransistor. The result-a negative-going
error displays. signal at the collector of the phototransistor is
the trailing- edge signal.
24. LEOS 7,8,9 (ALARM): When lit, these LEDs
inform the operator of a condition which needs 33. Double Film Feed Sensor (PS3): When the
to be corrected. film enters the Drum/Nip Roller área, the
thickness of the film moves the Nip Roller
25. LEDS 1,2,3 (FILM LOW): When lit, these LEDs assembly up. When the thickness of the film is
inform the operator the Supply Magazine more than a single thickness, a píate on the
contains fewer than 20 sheets of film. Nip Roller assembly blocks light from the LED
to the phototransistor. The resultant
26. LEDS 4,5,6 (READY): When lit, these LEDs positive-going signal at the collector of the
inform the operator the Imager ¡s ready for phototransistor is a double film feed signal.
operation.
34. Signal Adjust: RT1 adjusts the signal level of
Blocks 27 through 30 show the interface the phototransistor so LED 1 ¡s lit only when
connections. film is between the Drum and the Nip Roller
assembly.
27. S18 (RS422/RS232 SELECT Switch): This
switch allows the operator to select the 35. Leading Edge Detector: This block processes
connector interface for remote control of Imager a positive-going signal from the phototransistor
operation. This should be set to RS422 if a to provide a leading-edge signal for the CPU.
keypad or MMU is attached to the Imager.
© 3M 1991 November
6-4 Theorv of Qperation M952
36. Signal Detector: This block processes the 46. Supply Magazine Window Open Switch (S7):
signal from the phototransistor so LED 1 ¡s lit This switch is actuated when the Supply
only when: Magazine window is open.
a. the relative positions of the píate on the Nip 47. Film Start Cam High Switch (S8): This switch
Roller assembly and the Film Edge is de-actuated when the film start cams are at
Detector are corred, and the high position.
b. RT1 is properly adjusted.
48. Film Start Cam Middle Switch (S9): This
37. Trailing Edge Detector: This block processes switch is de-actuated when the film start cams
a negative-going signal from the phototransistor are at the mid-position.
to provide a trailing edge signal for the CPU.
49. Film Start Cam Low Switch (S10): This switch
38. Signal Adjust Detect: When the film is present is de-actuated when the film start cams are at
between the Drum and the Nip Roller the low position.
assembly, and when RT1 is properly adjusted,
LED 2 is lit. LEDs 1 and 2 help the technician 50. Rocker Cam Start Switch (S11): This switch is
to adjust RT1 properly. de-actuated when the rocker cams are at the
start position.
39. Inverters: These inverters are used in a
conventional manner. 51. Rocker Cam Stop Switch (S12): This switch is
de-actuated when the rocker cams are at the
Note stop position.
The bottom four inverters monitor the +24V
interlock switches. When one of these switches 52. Push Lever Home Switch (S13): This switch
is open, the resultant low input to the inverter ¡s de-actuated when the push levers are at their
provides a high input signal to the CPU. The home position.
CPU generales the alarm code for the open
switch. 53. Receive Magazine Presence Switch (S14):
This switch is actuated when the Receive
40. Push Lever Stop Sensor (PS1): This sensor Magazine is absent.
is adjusted to provide a signal when the push
levers reach mid-position. This sensor is a 54. Receive Magazine Open Switch (S15): This
photo-interrupt type like the sensors of blocks switch is actuated when the Receive Magazine
32 and 33. is open.
41. Receive Magazine Closed Sensor (PS2): This 55. Film Detector A (S16): This sensor detects
sensor is adjusted to provide a signal when the film as it enters the film drive assembly.
Receive Magazine is closed. This sensor is a
photo-interrupt type like the sensors of blocks 56. Film Detector B (S17): This sensor detects
32 and 33. film just before it reaches the film alignment
position.
Blocks 42 through 54 show the microswitch
interlocks. Blocks 57 through 77 make up the Drum Motor
drive circuit. These blocks provide speed and
42. LOAD Switch: The operator presses this phase control of the Drum Motor.
switch to unlock the supply drawer.
57. Feedback: The encoder generales two pulse
43. UNLOAD Switch: The operator presses this trains: OA and OB. OB is 90 degrees out of
switch to unlock the receiver drawer. phase with OA. The frequency of the pulse train
varíes with the speed of the Drum Motor.
44. Supply Magazine Presence Switch (S5): This
switch is actuated when the Supply Magazine is 58. S2, S3 (Speed-Adjust Switches): These
not in place. switches allow the Technician to set the drum
motor speed.
45. Supply Magazine Window Closed Switch
(S6) This switch is actuated when the Supply
Magazine window is closed.
3M1991 November
M952 Theorv of Operation 6-5
59. Buffer: This is a conventional application. 75. Isolation Resistor: This block provides a
conventional function.
60. Buffer: This is a conventional application.
76. Transistor Switch: This block provides a way
61. Clock: This is a conventional application. to turn the Drum Motor on and off.
62. Speed Control: This block provides a 77. Driver: This block provides a conventional
DC-servo speed control function. function.
63. Phase Control: This block provides a phase Blocks 78 through 97 show the solenoid, clutch,
locked loop function. and motor circuits.
64. Sync Detector: This block detects when the 78. Isolation Resistors: This block provides a
Drum Motor ¡s running at the proper speed. conventional function.
65. Voltage Reference: This block provides an 79. Inverters: This block provides a conventional
adjustable offset voltage to the amplifier. It is function.
adjusted so TP3 voltage is about +1V.
80. SSR 1: This block provides a means to control
66. Photo-Switch: This block couples the drum an AC load with a DC control signal. See the
sync signal while providing electrical isolation. Power Distribution Schematic for the AC load.
67. LED 1: This LED is a sync-lock indicator and is 81. Supply Drawer Reléase Solenoid (SL1): The
used in calibrating the drum driver circuit. When position of the plunger of this solenoid
S4 (block 74) is turned off and then on, this determines if the supply drawer is locked or
LED should be lit within 2 seconds. released. The drawer is released when the
solenoid is energized.
68. Feedback: This block provides speed control
feedback and adjustment. If the gain of this 82. Receive Drawer Reléase Solenoid (SL2):
stage is too small, the time to lock into sync is The position of the plunger of this solenoid
too long. If the gain of this stage is too large, determines if the receive drawer is locked or
the synchronous slippage between pulses at released. The drawer is released when the
TP2 and the clock pulses at TP1 is too great. solenoid is energized.
69. Amplifier: This block provides a conventional 83. Top Cover Reléase Solenoid (SL3): The
function. position of the plunger of this solenoid
determines if the lock lever for the optics
70. Isolation Resistor: This block provides a module is locked or released. The lock is
conventional function. released only when the solenoid is energized.
71. Feedback: This block provides speed and 84. Film Alignment Solenoid (SL4): This solenoid,
phase control feedback and adjustment. RT2 is when energized, rotates the film alignment
adjusted to minimize synchronous slippage shaft so the push levers can align the film
while the adjustment of RT3 is maintained. against the film stoppers.
72. Amplifier: This block provides a conventional 85. Film Start Clutch (CL1): This clutch allows the
function. CPU to control the transfer of motion from the
-
Film Start Motor to the film start cams.
73. Photo-Switch: This block couples the motor
on/off signáis while providing electrical isolation. 86. Transient Suppresser (D1): The diode
prevenís voltage transients by providing a path
74. S4 (Test Switch): This switch allows the for circulation of Film Start Clutch turn-off
Technician to manually turn the Drum Motor on current.
and off.
87. Air Pot Clutch (CL2): This clutch allows the
CPU to control the transfer of motion from the
Film Start Motor to the air pot actuators.
© 3M 1991 November
6-6 Theorv of Operation M952
88. Transient Suppresser (D2): The diode The voltage to the Láser Diode is controlled by
prevenís voltage transients by providing a path the image data, which varíes intensity of the
for circulation of Air Pot Clutch turn-off current. láser beam. Continuous feedback from a photo ^
detector assures a constant base voltage to the
89. Rocker Cam Clutch (CL3): This clutch allows Láser Diode.
the CPU to control the transfer of motion from
the Film Orive Motor to the rocker cam shaft. Orientation of the Rotated Beam Splitter to the
Fixed Beam Splitter controls the amount of light
90. Film Push Clutch (CL4): This clutch allows the transmitted to the film. (Position of the Rotated
CPU to control the transfer of motion from the Beam Splitter is controlled by the Density
Film Push Motor to the film push shaft. Control Knob.)
91. Film Counter (CT1): The counter tallies the The láser beam is routed by a series of lenses
number of films processed. and a mirror to a Ten (10) - facetted, rotating,
Polygon Mirror. The beam ¡s reflected by the
92. Drum Motor (M6): This motor drives the drum Polygon Mirror through two more special
which provides film movement as the láser application lenses, off a fixed mirror, to the
exposes the film. surface of the film. Each facet of the Polygon
Mirror scans one line of image data on the
93. Receive Motor Driver: This block provides the moving film. (The Polygon Mirror transmits 600
drive for the Receive Motor. lines of image data per second to the film.)
94. Supply Motor Driver: This block provides the The Drum rotates at a constant speed so the
drive for the Supply Motor. lines of transmitted data accurately reproduce
the stored image.
95. Optics Module: This module contains a láser
diode, various control circuits and The Start of Sean (SOS) Detector is actuated
high-precision optics which accurately produce as each new facet of the Polygon Mirror begins
an image on the infrared film. another sean line. (This signal is used in timing
the data flow that controls the Láser Diode.)
Referió figure 6-1-1.
fe Lens
Toroidal Lens
Mirror
Polygon Mirror
Drum
Rotated Beam Splitter
Láser Diode
Figure 6-1-1
3M 1991 November
M952 Theory of Operatíon 6-7
96. Receive Motor (M5): This motor opens and 100. Film Detector F Switch (S34): This switch
closes the Receive Magazine. detects film as it is being loaded into the
Docking Unit. The film can only actúate this •
97. Supply Motor (M4): This motor opens and switch when the Docking Lever is rotated to
closes the window of the Supply Magazine. the position for film in the Docking Unit. The
resultant ground signal informs the CPU that
Blocks 98 through 101 show docking unit the film is moving toward the Docking Unit.
functions.
101. Lock Solenoid (SL5): This solenoid controls
98. Magazine Position Switch (S32): When there the mechanical interlock for the Docking
is no External Docking Unit, and the Docking Lever. When the CPU energizes the solenoid,
Panel is installed, or when the operator rotates the interlock prevenís the operator from
the Docking Lever to the position for film in the changing the position of the Docking Lever.
magazine, the Internal Docking Unit mechanism
actuales this switch. The resultant ground Note
signal informs the CPU that the film is routed to The two docking detect switches, S30 and
the magazine. S31, are part of the interlock circuit for +24V
(2) and ± 15V. They are located in zones
99. Dock Position Switch (S33): When there is a Q1-R1 on the Power Distribution schematic
Docking Unit installed, and when the operator page 7-1.
rotates the Docking Lever to the position for
film in the Docking Unit, the Docking Unit
mechanism actuales this switch. The resultant
ground signal informs the CPU that the film is
routed to the Docking Unit.
© 3M 1991 November
6-8 Theorv of Qperation M952
6-2. FILM HANDLING ELECTRICAL 6. Glose Supply Magazíne Window - final function
SEQUENCES of the print sequence.
The following text describes the electrical functions (41) Receive Magazine Closed Sensor PS2 -
to complete the action of each step for the film Interconnect - (1) CPU (94) Supply Motor
handling sequences shown. The bold numbers in Driver on Interconnect - (97) Supply Motor M4
parentheses ( ) refer to the designated blocks on (reverse drive).
the Functional Schematic, page 7-3. The dash (-)
indícales an electrical harness path exists between (45) Supply Magazine Window Closed Switch
each block. Also refer to the Print Sequence S6 - Interconnect - (1) CPU -
Diagram, page 8-7. (94) Supply Motor Driver on Interconnect - to
de-energize (97) Supply Motor M4 to stop
6-2-1. Film Supply Electrical Sequence reverse drive.
1. Lock Top Cover. 7. Film Low detected (fewer than 20 sheets of film
in the Supply Magazine).
Print Switch on (2) Remote Keypad is actuated
(or any flashing Error Code) - (1) CPU - (79) (41) Receive Magazine Closed Sensor PS2 -
Inverters on Interconnect - to de-energize (83) Interconnect - (1) CPU - Photo LED on
Top Cover Reléase Solenoid SL3 (locks Top (13) Film Low Sensor - Film Low reflector on
Cover). Supply Magazine - Phototransistor on (13) Film
Low Sensor - (17) Comparators on Film
2. Indícate "Top Cover Open" Status. Low/Out Detector Amp - (1) CPU and (20) LED
3 (momentarily flashes green).
Top Cover Interlock S4 Open - (39) Inverters
on Interconnect - (1) CPU - (21) LED Logic on (1) CPU - (25) Film Low LEDs on Local
Local Panel - "Status 16". Indication and "Film Low" Indicator on
(2) Remote Keypad.
3. Open the Supply Drawer.
8. Film Out detected (no film remaining in the
(42) Load Switch - (1) CPU - (81) Supply supply magazine).
Drawer Reléase Solenoid SL1.
(41) Receive Magazine Closed Sensor PS2 -
4. Indícate "Drawer Open" Status. Interconnect - (1) CPU - Photo LED on
(12) Film Out Sensor - Film Out reflector on
Supply Drawer Interlock S3 Open - (1) CPU - Supply Magazine - Phototransistor on (12) Film
(21) LED Logic on Local Panel - "Status 14." Out Sensor - (17) Comparators of Film Low/Out
Detector Amp - (1) CPU and (20) LED 3
5. Open Supply Magazine Window - requires the (momentarily flashes red).
print sequence to begin on command from the
CPU. (1) CPU - (24) Alarm LEDs on Local Indication
and (21) LED Logic to "Status 10" on Local
Actuated Print Switch on (2) Keypad - (1) CPU Panel display (Ready goes Off).
(94) Supply Motor Driver on Interconnect - to
energíze (97) Supply Motor M4 (forward drive). (1) CPU - "Film Out" and "Alarm" Indicators on
(2) Remote Keypad. Indicator on (2) Remote
(46) Supply Magazine Window Open Swítch S7 Keypad (Ready goes Off).
- Interconnect - (1) CPU - (94) Supply Motor
Drive on Interconnect - to de-energize (97)
Supply Motor M4 to stop forward drive.
© 3M 1991 November
M952 Theorv of Operation 6-9
1. Film Start sequence begins - ¡nitiated by CPU (51) Rocker Cam Stop Switch S12 -
at end of "Window Open" sequence. Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(46) Supply Magazine Window Open Switch S7 (1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
- Interconnect - (1) CPU. engage (85) Film Start Clutch CL1.
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on (1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 - to energize Film disengage the (89) Rocker Cam Clutch CL3.
Start Motor M1 (100VAC Motor Orive).
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
(1) CPU (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to disengage the (87) Airpot Clutch CL2.
engage (85) Film Start Clutch CL1.
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
2. Pick-up Film (Airpot Arms are at lowest Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 to de-energize Film
position). Orive Motor M2 (100 VAC Motor Orive).
(49) Film Start Cam Low Switch S10 - 5. Film Sensed at Film Orive Assembly.
Interconnect - (1) CPU - (79) Inverters on
Interconnect - to engage (87) Airpot Clutch (55) Film Detector A S16 - Interconnect-
CL2. (1) CPU.
(48) Film Start Cam Middle Switch S9 - (47) Film Start Cam High Switch S8 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU. Interconnect (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to (1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
disengage (85) Film Start Clutch CL1. Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 - to de-energize the
Film Start Motor M1.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
engage (89) Rocker Cam Clutch CL3. (1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
disengage (85) Film Start Clutch CL1.
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 - to energize Film (1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
Orive Motor M2 (100VAC Motor Orive). Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 to energize Film
Orive Motor M2 (100 VAC Motor Orive).
©3M1991 November
6-10 Theory of Qperation M952
6-2-3. Film Staging Eléctrica! Sequence 4. Push Levers Stop and Wait.
1. Film Sensed in the center of the Imager. (40) Push Lever Stop Sensor PS1 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU - to disengage (90) Film
(56) Film Detector B S17 - Interconnect - Push Clutch CL4.
(1) CPU.
(1) CPU (time delay) - (79) Inverters on
2. Film Staging Begins. Interconnect - to de-energize (84) Film
Alignment (Stopper) Solenoid SL4.
(55) Film Detector A S16 (film moves off
detector) - (1) CPU - (79) Inverters on 5. Push Again to Exposure.
Interconnect - to engage (89) Rocker Cam
Clutch CL3. (1) CPU (time delay) - (79) Inverters on
Interconnect - to engage (90) Film Push Clutch
3. Film Push Begins (film has reached the CL4.
Stoppers).
6. Film Staging Complete.
(50) Rocker Cam Start Switch S11 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU. (52) Push Lever Home Switch S13 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
disengage Rocker Cam Clutch CL3. (1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
de-energize Film Push Motor M3 and
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on disengage (90) Film Push Clutch CL4.
Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 - to de-energize Film
Orive Motor M2.
©3M1991 November
M952 Theory of Operatíon 6-11
2. Beam Splitter Control (Operator has changed (32) Film Edge Detector - (37) Trailing Edge
the Density Control setting). Detector Amp - (33) Inverters on Interconnect -
(1) CPU.
Density Control S5 - (22) Switch Logic on Local
Panel - (1) CPU. (1) CPU - (95) Optics Module (LD On ceases,
which de-engergizes the Láser).
Density Test Switch S2 - (22) Switch Logic on
Local Panel [or Print Switch on (2) Keypad] - (95) Optics Module - (1) CPU (SOS pulses
(1) CPU. end).
(1) CPU (Beam Splitter Motor ON) - 6. Drum Motor/Polygon Motor Orive Ends.
(95) Optics Module.
(41) Receive Magazine Closed Sensor PS2 -
(95) Optics Module - (1) CPU (Beam Splitter Interconnect - (1) CPU.
Home).
(1) CPU - Interconnect (73) Photo Switch on
(1) CPU (Beam Splitter Driver Clock) - (95) Drum Orive (PWA-D) to de-energize Drum
Optics Module. Motor M6.
3. Drum Motor/Polygon Motor Orive. (1) CPU (Polygon Motor) - (95) Optics Module
to de-energize the Polygon Motor.
(46) Supply Magazine Window Open Switch S7
- Interconnect - (1) CPU. 7. Indícate "Double Film Feed"
(1) CPU - Interconnect - (73) Photo Switch on (33) Double Film Feed Sensor - PWA-I Film
Drum Orive (PWA -D) to energize Drum Edge Detector Amp - Interconnect -
Motor M6. (1) CPU (Error Code 24).
3M1991 November
6-12 Theorv of Operation M952
1. Open the Receive Drawer. (4) Film Full Sensor - (8) Comparators on Film
Full Detector Amp - Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(43) Unload Switch - (1) CPU -
(82) Receive Drawer Reléase Solenoid SL2. (1) CPU - (24) Alarm LEDs on Local Indication
and (21) LED Logic to "Status 11" on Local
2. Indícate "Drawer Open" Status. Panel display (Ready goes OFF).
Receive Drawer Interlock S2 Open - (1) CPU - (1) CPU - "Alarm" Indicator on (2) Remote
(21) LED Logic on Local Panel - "Status 15." Keypad ("Ready" Indicator goes Off).
© 3M 1991 November
M952 Theory of Operation 6-13
The Image Management System (IMS) receives When the MMU receives the Acquire Command, its
image data ¡n either analog or digital form, and CPU musí determine the users priority and place
processes and formáis this data to drive the Láser the requesl in line accordingly. When Ihe MMU
Imager. The system includes the following PWAs, CPU determines that the Imager is not busy, il
illustrated in block formal on page 7-5: aclivales the user's Data Channel (image data
path). The CPU also determines the user's
• Analog Interíace PWA-This PWA converts Partition Number based upon the COMM Channel
and Group assignment. Next the CPU sends the
video signáis inpul lo it inlo digital output.
following information to the MCS CPU in the Láser
Imager: Acquire Command, User (COMM Channel)
• Syslem Controller PWA--This PWA interprets Number, Partition Number, and Image Number.
commands from the MCS, conlrols all
processes within the IMS, and controls IMS MCS (Machine Control System):
self-lesting.
If the Imager is connected directly to a keypad (no
Output Formatter PWA-This PWA is used to MMU), the User Number and Partition Number
formal image data for láser prinling. It default to 1. Upon receiving the Acquire
magnifies images, and ihen converts them from Command, User Number, Partition Number, and
digilal to analog formal, to drive Ihe láser diode. Image Number, the MCS CPU must decide if the
User Number is the same as the last User of that
• Memory Conlroller PWA-This PWA provides Partition.
liming and conlrol required to store data in
If they are the same, the MCS CPU passes the
memory and access Ihe dala.
Acquire Command, Partition Number, and Image
Number to the IMS System Controller.
• Memory PWAs-These PWAs store image data.
Memory may include up to six PWAs for a If the User Number is not the same as the last User
máximum total of 24 Mbytes. of that Partition, the MCS CPU looks in its
NOVRAM for the user's Interface Type and Video
Functions of each of Ihe PWAs are described in the Parameters The Interface Type and Video
following paragraphs. Parameters are sent to the IMS System Controller
along with the Acquire Command, Partition
Number, and Image Number.
6-4-1. Image Acquisition
IMS (Image Management System)
The IMS (Image Management System) is
responsible for acquiring and storing both analog Note
and digilal images. The Keypad, MMU, and MCS Reference the IMS Functional Schematic in Section
all work logelher enabling the IMS to perform an 7-5 while reading this portion of the Theory of
acquisition. The following discussion covers bolh Operation.
Ihe IMS acquisition and the roles of the Keypad,
MMU, and MCS leading up to acquisilion.
Keypad:
© 3M 1991 November
M952 Theory of Operatíon 6-15
The Acquire Command is received by the IMS Now the Processor/Controller loads the
System Controller thru the " Link A" line from Miscellaneous Control Register with the
the MCS. The IMS Processor/Controller does Acquire Command. The video enters the Analog'
the following based on data that accompanies Interface PWA at connector J3. Switch S2
the command: provides a 75 Ohm Terminator for most
applications. If the Video Out (J4) is
• Selects the Interface (Digital or Analog) connected to an external device, then S2
• Selects the Memory Partition should be open. Next, the video passes thru
• Checks the Image Directory to see where an amplifier which has a gain adjustment (R1)
the image should be stored to provide a two Volt range from black to
• Sets Up the Analog Interface with the white at TP3. The next stage provídes
video parameters, if the Analog Interface bandwidth filters which may be used to
is selected elimínate image artifacts by narrowing the
overall video bandwidth. The video now
The remainder of this section covers enters the final amplifier which establishes
acquisition thru the Analog Interface PWA. the black at zero volts when the proper data
For a description of the Digital Interface has been loaded into Control Register #9.
see Section 6-4. The video at TP3 should have a Black Level at
O Volts and a range of two Volts from black
The Processor/Controller sends the Sample to white. The video is digitized by the
Frequency to Control Register #1 on the Analog to Digital Converter with every Main
Analog Interface PWA. This register controls Clock pulse that occurs. Once the video is
the Main Clock Generator whose output will be digitized, Buffer Timing and Control
either the specified internal sample determines how each pixel is stored.
frequency or the external clock sample
frequency. The Main Clock is fed back into a Buffer Timing and Control is synchronized by
frequency counter. The Calíbrate signal which the Main Clock. After the Acquire Command is
enables the Frequency Counter is generated by loaded into the Miscellaneous Control
the Miscellaneous Control Register on command Register, Buffer Timing and Control waits for
from the Processor/Controller. The digital the Vertical Sync signal (TP9) which is
output from the counter is loaded into the extracted from the video by the Sync
two Clock Calibration Status Registers. The Separator. Timing and Control next counts
Processor/Controller reads the Main Clock off the Vertical Delay Lines by counting
Frequency from the registers and calcúlales Horiz Sync Pulses from the Sync Separator.
the number of Horizontal Pixels for the After the Vertical Delay is completed, the
Horizontal Delay and the Horizontal Active Horizontal Delay is counted down via the Main
which have been programmed as a time rather Clock (Sampling Clock). The next Main Clock
than a pixel count. The Processor/Controller pulse should correspond with the first pixel
now loads the following Control Registers: and the Buffer Timing and control gates the
pixel thru Pixel Buffer #1 and into Line
#2 - Horizontal Active Pixels Buffer #1. Each succeeding pixel is stored
#3 - Horizontal Active Pixels and External in Line Buffer #1 until the Horizontal Active
Clock Phase Delay pixel count is satisfied. One line of video
#4 - Horizontal Delay Pixels is now stored in Line Buffer #1.
#6 - Vertical Delay Lines
#7 - Vertical Active Lines
#8 - Vertical Active Lines
#9 - Black Level
Buffer Timing and Control next transfers Line 6-4-2. Image Printíng
Buffer #1 to the Mass Memory. The transfer
takes place thru the Bi-Directlonal Buffer The IMS (Image Management System) is
and Pixel Bus Buffer. The data travels over responsible for retrieving stored digital
the Pixel Bus to the Memory Controller PWA images from the Mass Memory and converting
which performs data compression. The the data into an analog signal for the láser
compressed data is stored in the Memory diode. The Keypad, MMU, and MCS all work
Partition requested by the together to provide information that the IMS
Processor/Controller. needs before the image can be converted to an
analog signal. The following discussion
The Pixel Bus opérales at 10 Mhz. Some covers both the IMS print formatting and the
roles of the Keypad, MMU, and MCS leading up
modalities work at a sampling frequency up to
to printing.
32 Mhz. Because of the more than 3.2 to 1
rale range between data acquisition and data Define Zones:
transfer, only every 4th line in a field is
acquired, and a second Line Buffer is A zone is a horizontal band across the film
provided for acquisition while the first is consisting of a number of láser sean lines.
transferring data to the Pixel Bus. Four Each horizontal row of images is printed in a
passes thru a field are required to acquire zone. The zones are assigned sequentially
allof the image lines. beginning with zone #1 at the top of the
film. The formal selected on the keypad
Buffer Timing and Control continúes to specifies the zones based on how many rows of
acquire and transfer lines until the number images need lo be prinied.
of lines acquired ¡s equal to the Vertical
Active setting. Upon completing the acquisi- The prinl operalion begins when the operator
tion, the End of Field bit is set in the pushes the Prinl Bullón on ihe keypad. The
Miscellaneous Status Register to let the keypad CPU examines where images are slored
Processor/Controller know that acquisition is and calcúlales where and whai size ihe images
complete. The Processor/ Controller updates should be on the film.
the Image Directory with the location of the
image. The acquisition acknowledge message After determining where and whai size the
is relayed from the Processor/Controller thru images should be, the keypad generales a
the MCS, and MMU (if present) back to the number of "Define Zone" commands for ihe IMS
keypad. The keypad CPU lights the lo use in formalling ihe images. The command
appropriate red Store Indicator. includes ihe following:
The digital interface accepts parallel data Data and control signáis are sent between the
and control signáis from a digital imaglng digital imaging device and the Láser Imager
device. The interface, a PWAthat is on balanced lines (figure 6-5-1).
¡nstalled in the imaging device, converts the
signáis from TTL levéis to RS422 levéis. LEDs on the system controller PWA blink
during image transfer on the signal lines and
are on at other times (figure 6-5-1). (The
Spare 1 LED is always off.)
3 DO 3D4 3 Parity
3 D1 :>D5 3 Strobe
D D2 3D6 D Mode
D D3 PD7 3 Spare
J
H<>st
Ec ¡uipment
M952
Laseí• Imager r
/
IMS-idle
Data (DO-07) CR1 - Flashing
Digital D D D S- ••
Interface Parity IMS CR2 - UART
PWA Strobe System Self-Test
Mode Controller
Request PWA
Retransmit
Spare 1 Digital Interface
Spare 2 Connector
Figure 6-5-1
© 3 M C o . 1990 January
M952 Theory of Operatíon 6-19
- Mod6 4
1 * mode 0 ^iviode i
- üiu BT i es ~
//
Image Message
Data EOMor
SOM Type Image Irrite Image Image
Message EOT*
(Data)
Figure 6-5-2
6-5-3. Timing
. J£LU
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(T) '
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Request I i
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1 1 //
Data
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Mnrio
Figure 6-5-3B
© 3 M C o . 1990 January
M952 Theory of Operation 6-21
6-6-5. LinkA
6-6-6. LinkB
6-6-7. Reset
_ -
6-22 Theory of Operatíon M952
Standard data Communications signáis are sent 2. The Láser Imager acknowledges the command
between the remote device and the Láser with an ACK or a NAK. If the Láser Imager
Imager on unbalanced lines (RS232) or sends a NAK, the remote device
balanced lines (RS422) (figure 6-7-1). retransmits the command three times
Switches on PWA-B (CPU) select the before setting an alarm.
transmission rate, end of message (EOM)
character, and other parameters. For the 3. The Láser Imager performs the command,
keypad, the transmission rate is 1200 baud, and sends a response to the remote
and the EOM character is CR. If an MMU is device.
connected instead of a Keypad, the rate is
set to 9600.
Keypad, Remote M952
Oevice or MMU Láser Imager
PWA-B
TXD (CPU)
DTR r
RTS
^ RXD
, CTS
DCD
JL-
Signal ground
NC 12VOC
NC Signal ground
NC '2 VDC
Signal ground
1
NC I NC
NC = No connection
These commands are generaled by P831 keypads. The M952 Láser Imager will
accepi and decode them lo be compalible wilh the oíd keypad. M952 keypads do
not genérate ihese commands.
1. CPU: Controls keypad operation. 10. LED latones: Store data for the LED
drivers.
2. System clock (SC): Provides 2.5-MHz
timing signáis for the CPU, serial I/O 11. LED drivers: Light the LEDs and
controller, and counter/timer. A 5-MHz digital display (COPIES).
oscillator drives the clock.
12. Beeper driver: Sounds the beeper when the
3. Reset circuit (R): Resets the CPU and CPU sends a beeper enable signal. The
other circuits when the Láser Imager beeper volume control adjusts the volume.
power is turned on.
13. Function clock (FC); Provides clock
4. Memory: Stores the CPU program in ROM and signáis for the switch encoder, LED
the data in a 2K RAM. The ROM is latches, and control register.
installed in a socket for field updating.
14. Control register: Provides control
5. Configuration switches: Set the machine signáis for the beeper and the 9-volt
code. voltage regulator,
6. Serial I/O controller (SIO): Provides 15. Voltage regulators: Convert +12 VDC
the RS422 data and control signáis - TXD, from the Láser Imager to +9 VDCforthe
RXD, RTS, CTS, DCD, DTR. LED and beeper drivers and +5 VDCforthe
CPU and other circuits. To prevent LED
7. RS422 drivers and receivers: Convert the flicker, the CPU sends a 9-volt off
data and control signáis from TTL levéis slgnal to the 9-volt voltage regulator
to RS422 levéis for interfacing to the when it sends data to the LED latches.
Láser Imager.
6-7-5. Keypad Controls and Indicators G. FILM OUT - No sheets of film remain in
the Supply Magazine.
C. FILM LOW - Indicates less than 20 sheets • Pressing a STORE button erases the
of film remaining in the Supply Magazine. image stored at that location and
changes the light to green.
D. MEMORY FULL - The image currently being
stored does not fit into memory. All • All blinking red lights return to
previously stored images are still continuous red.
present and may be printed.
L. SMOOTH/SHARP - Allows you to select a
E. PRINTING - The Láser Imager is in a print smooth or sharp image according to the
cycle. The indicator flashes during the interpolation valúes specified in the
print cycle, except while the film is keypad.
being exposed. The indicator is on during
exposure. The operator can acquire images M. NORMAL/SUDES - Allows you to select the
during a print cycle anytime the normal image size as determined by the
indicator isflashing. formal or super slide size which fit a
super slide mount. Only images 512x512
F. BUSY - The Láser Imager is performing an pixels or smaller will fit a super slide
operation. No Acquire or Print commands mount.
will be accepted by the Láser Imager
while this indicator is on.
H nn
depressed until "O" appears on the COPIES riHi ni SET STOP/RESET
P. SET - Allows you to select up to 99 duplícate • When the ALARM indicator is on, the most
origináis per print cycle. significant Alarm Code digit is displayed.
Q. PRINT - Starts the Láser Imager print cycle. • When the ALARM indicator is off, the least
significant Alarm Code digit is displayed.
3M1991 November