Tucker Kino

March 5, 2015
Lab Partners: Sarah Rudnik, Myles Byrne
Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide

Title: Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide

Purpose: To analyze the concentration of hydrogen peroxide by using potassium

permanganate in titration to be able to check the quality

Pre-Lab Questions:

1. 5e- + MnO4- + 8H+  Mn2+ + 4H2O

Fe2+  Fe3+ + 1e-
8H+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq)  Mn2+(aq) + 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O (l)

2. 0.067 moles MnO4- x 5 mole Fe2+ = [0.335 mole Fe2]

1 mole MnO4-

3. a) The pink color signifies the equivalence point at the end of the reaction.
b) The mole ratio is 5 mole H2C2O4 to 2 mole MnO4- found from the balanced
chemical equation.
c) 0.0206 mole KMnO4 x 0.01270 L = [2.62 x 10-4 mole KMnO4]
1L
2.62 x 10-4 mole KMnO4 = [2.62 x 10-4 mole MnO4-]
d) 2.62 x 10-4 mole MnO4- x 5 mole H2C2O4 = [6.54 x 10-4 mole H2C2O4]
2 mole MnO4-
e) 6.54 x 10 mole H2C2O4 = [0.0262 M H2C2O4]
-4

0.02500 L
f) Mass of H2C2O4 = 6.54 x 10-4 mole x 90.03 g/L mole = 0.0589 g H2C2O4
Mass of solution = 25.00 mL x 1.00 g/L mole = 25.0 grams
% of H2C2O4 = 0.0589 g H2C2O4 = 0.00236 g
25.0 grams
0.00236 grams x 100 = [0.236% H2C2O4]

Materials:
i. Hydrogen peroxide solution, 3%, 4 mL
ii. Potassium permanganate solution, KMnO4, 0.02 M, 80 mL
iii. Sulfuric acid solution, H2SO4, 3 M, 50 mL
iv. Ferrous ammonium sulfate, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O, 3 g
v. Water, distilled or deionized
vi. Burette, 50 mL
vii. Beakers, 100 mL (2)
viii. Burette clamp
ix. Balance, 0.001 g precision
x. Pipet, serological, 1 mL
 xi. Pipet bulb or pipet filler
xii. Erlenmeyer flask, 250 mL (3)
xiii. Graduated cylinders, 10 mL (2)
xiv. Ring stand
xv. Wash bottle
xvi. Wax pencil
xvii. Weighing boats (2)

Procedure:

Introductory Activity
1. Obtain approximately 80 mL of the potassium permanganate solution in a
100 mL beaker. Label the beaker.
2. Set up a clean 50 mL burette in a burette clamp on a support stand.
3. Rinse the burette with approximately 10 mL of distilled or deionized water
and the with two 5 mL portions of the potassium permanganate solution.
4. Close the stopcock and fill the burette to just above the zero mark with the
MnO4- solution.
5. Open the stopcock to allow any air bubbles to escape from the burette tip.
Close the stopcock when the liquid level is between the 0 and 10 mL marks.
6. Record the precise level of the solution in the burette in an appropriate data
table. This is the initial volume of the potassium permanganate solution.
7. Obtain a mass between 0.4-0.5 g of ferrous ammonium sulfate in a clean
weighing dish using a milligram balance. Record the precise mass in an
appropriate data table.
8. Measure 10 mL of the 3 M H2SO4 solution into a clean 10 mL graduated
cylinder. Measure 10 mL of distilled or deionized water into a separate, clean
10 mL graduated cylinder. Add these to a clean 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask.
Swirl to mix.
9. Add the solid ferrous ammonium sulfate to the flask. Swirl the flask to
dissolve the solid.
10. Position the flask under the burette so that the tip of the burette is within the
flask but at least 2 cm above the liquid surface.
11. Titrate the ferrous ammonium sulfate solution with the potassium
permanganate solution until the first trace of pink color persists for 30
seconds. Remember to swirl the flask and rinse the walls of the flask with
distilled water before the endpoint is reached.
12. Record the final burette reading as the final volume of the potassium
permanganate solution in an appropriate data table.
13. Repeat the standardization titration one more time.

Guided Inquiry Design and Procedure:

1. 8H+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 5e-  Mn2+(aq) +4H2O(l)

H2O2(aq)  O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e-
6H+(aq) +2MnO4-(aq) + 5H2O2(aq)  5O2(g) + 2Mn2+(aq) + 8H2O(l)
2. 1.00 mL x 1.00 g/mL = 1.00 grams
1.00 grams x 0.03 = 0.0300 g H2O2
0.0300 g H2O2 x 1 mole/34.0 gram
= [8.82 x 10-4 mole H2O2]

3. 1.00 mL x 1.00 g/mL = 1.00 grams

1.00 grams x 0.03 = 0.0300 g H2O2
0.0300 g H2O2 x 1 mole/34.0 gram
= [8.82 x 10-4 mole H2O2]

8.82 x 10-4 mole H2O2 x 2 mole MnO4-/5 mole H2O2

= [3.53 x 10-4 mole MnO4-]

L = 3.53 x 10-4 mole/0.02 M = 0.0176 L

= [17.6 mL MnO4- solution]

4. If the oxidation-reduction reaction of the permanganate ion is performed in a basic or

neutral solution, the product will be an insoluble brown solid. The brown solid with be
manganese dioxide (MnO2)

5. (a) The volume of hydrogen peroxide is necessary to known because it will later affect
the results when plugged into the equation.
(b) It is not necessary to know the amount of water added because the water does not
change the results.
(c) One must also know the volume of the potassium permanganate because it also
affects the results.

6. Procedure:
1. Set up a clean 50 mL burette on burette stand with a burette clamp.
2. Rinse the burette with 5-10 mL of water and then rinse the burette with two 5-
10 mL portions of potassium permanganate solution. Then, fill the burette with
the potassium permanganate solution.
3. Using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, measure out 10 mL of water. In another 10
mL graduated cylinder, measure out 10 mL of 3 M H2SO4. Put the H2O and
the H2SO4 into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask.
4. Using a serological pipet, measure 1 mL of 3% H2O2 into the Erlenmeyer
flask.
5. Swirl the flask to mix the solutions.
6. Place the Erlenmeyer flask directly under the stopcock of the burette with the
potassium permanganate solution.
7. Slowly titrate the potassium permanganate solution into the Erlenmeyer flask
until a light pink color persists for 30 seconds, reaching the equivalence point.
Data and Results:
- Standardizing Potassium Permanganate Solution:
Qualitative:
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2
Initial Volume MnO4- 0.19 mL 8.34 mL
Mass of
0.400 g 0.400 g
Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O
Final Volume of MnO4- 2.51 mL 12.01 mL
Volume of MnO4- Added 2.32 mL 3.67 mL

Quantitative:
- Calculated Number of Moles KMnO4 reacted in each trial:
Moles Fe2+: Mass Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 Titrated
Molar Mass Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2
Moles Fe2+ = 0.400 grams Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2
392.16 grams/mole
= [0.0010 mole Fe2+]

0.0010 mole Fe2+ x 1 mole MnO4-

5 mole Fe2+
= [2.03 x 10-4 mole MnO4- = 2.03 x 10-4 mole KMnO4]

- Calculated Concentration of KMnO4 in each trial:

TRIAL 1
Molarity of KMnO4 = Moles KMnO4
Volume KMnO4 Added
Molarity of KMnO4 = 2.03 x 10-4 mole KMnO4
0.00232 L KMnO4
= [0.0875 M KMnO4]

TRIAL 2
Molarity of KMnO4 = Moles KMnO4
Volume KMnO4 Added
Molarity of KMnO4 = 2.03 x 10-4 mole KMnO4
0.00367 L KMnO4
= [0.055 M KMnO4]

- Calculated Average Concentration of KMnO4:

0.0875 M KMnO4 + 0.055 M KMnO4
2
= [0.0713 M KMnO4]
 - Determination of Percent Hydrogen Peroxide:

Qualitative:
INITIAL FINAL
VOLUME VOLUME OF MnO4
VOLUME VOLUME
OF 3% H2O2 ADDED
OF MnO4 OF MnO4
(12.01 mL – 8.34 mL)
1.00 mL 8.34 mL 12.01 mL
=3.67 mL

Quantitative:
- Calculated Number of Moles of H2O2 Reacted:
Moles KMnO4 = Molarity KMnO4 x Volume KMnO4 Added
Moles KMnO4 = 0.0875 M x 0.00232 L = 2.03 x 10-4 moles
Moles H2O2 = Moles KMnO4 x 5 mole H2O2
2 mole KMnO4
-4
= 2.03 x 10 mole KMnO4 x 5 mole H2O2
2 mole KMnO4
= [5.075 x 10-4 moles H2O2]

- Calculated Mass of H2O2 Reacted:

Mass of H2O2 = Moles H2O2 x Molar Mass H2O2
Mass of H2O2 = 5.075 x 10-4 moles x 34.01 grams
1 mole
= [0.0173 grams H2O2]

- Percent By Mass of H2O2 In Solution:

% H2O2 = 0.0173 grams
1.00 g solution
= [1.73%]

AP Chemistry Review Questions:

Examine the five reactions shown below and identify those that can be classified as
oxidation-reduction.
1. 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2  Ca3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
No because there are no new electrons added to either side
2. 2Cr + 3Cl2  2CrCl3
Yes because new electrons are placed into the equation
3. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
Yes because there are new electrons added to the reaction
4. Na2CO3  Na2O + CO2
No because there are no new electrons added
5. 2VO2+ + Zn + 4H+  2V3+ + Zn2+ + 2H2O
Yes because there are new electrons added to the equations
 6. Write the balance chemical equation for the electrolytic
decomposition of water to its elements.
2H2O (l)  2H2(g) + O2(g)
7. Balance the following oxidation and reduction half-reactions for the
decomposition of water.
2H2O  1O2 + 4H+ + 4e-
2H2O  2e- + 1H2 + 2OH-
8. Explain how the oxidation and reduction half-reactions may be
combined to give the balanced chemical equation for the
decomposition of water. What happens to the electrons and to the H+
and OH- ions?
The electrons on either side of the oxidation and reduction half-reactions
must be equal. This rule causes the reduction half-reaction to be multiplied
by a factor of two
9. Examine the observations above for the metals Cu, Mg, and Zn.
Identify the metal that is most susceptible to oxidation (corrosion).
Identify the metal that is most resistant to oxidation.
Magnesium is most susceptible to oxidation based on the fact that it
reacted the most with the metal ion solutions. Copper is most resistant to
oxidation based on the fact it reacted with the least amount of the metal
ion solutions.
10. Because silver metal is expensive, it was not used in the tests shown
above. Based on the reactions of Cu, Mg, and Zn with silver nitrate,
explain why it was not necessary to test silver metal to deduce its
reactivity.
Every single metal reacted with the silver nitrate. The reactions only
reacted in one direction meaning that solid silver would not react with the
metal ion solutions.

Conclusion:
In result to the data, one may reach the conclusion that the percent of hydrogen peroxide
in the bottle is 1.73%. There is a 1.27% difference in the concentration given on the label
of the bottle. The label reads 3% hydrogen peroxide. This difference in data could be
explained by human error and the lack of precise equipment.