[Gosavi* et al.

, 5(7): July, 2016] ISSN: 2277-9655

IC™ Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116

IJESRT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION OF STATCOM FOR REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
Mr.Gosavi Pavankumar S. *, Prof.Kotak Pradeep J.
*
Department of Electrical Engineering,
G.H.Raisoni Collage of Enginnering & Management, Amravti,India

DOI:
ABSTRACT
This paper arrangements for the configuration Also execution for. A multilevel voltage sourball converter based
static synchronous. Compensator (STATCOM) utilizing a viable regulation. Control strategy mimicked Previously,
An MATLAB Simulink. Surroundings. Those primary objective of this paper may be with support them. Voltage
Strength by compensating the sensitive energy in the force. Framework. Hence, another effective control technique
will be proposed, in. Request to decrease the voltage variances such as hang and swell. States Also on disconnect
current and voltage sounds on. Those transmission framework. Those multilevel STATCOM which might a chance
to be. Utilized at those side of the point of regular coupling (PCC), to moving forward. Control nature will be
modelled furthermore mimicked utilizing suggested control. Methodology and the execution may be compared by
applying it should a. 110kv accordance with Furthermore without STATCOM. Relative symphonious. Examination
will be additionally talked about in this paper dependent upon the downright. Symphonious twisting (THD)
calculations.

KEYWORDS: Power Quality, Reactive Power Compensation, Voltage Source Converter (VSC), STATCOM,
GTO, SHEM, Phase Locked Loop (PLL), Multilevel Inverter, THD.

INTRODUCTION
The majority though not constantly on of the world's electric force supply frameworks. Need aid generally
interconnected, directing, including association utilities inside. Identity or domains which stretch out to inter-utility
interconnections. Et cetera to interregional Also global associations. This will be. Accomplished for monetary
reasons, to decrease the expense of power What's more. On enhance dependability from claiming force supply.
However, those long. Exchanging periods Also discrete operation of the gadgets in the. Available force grid, reason
trouble in taking care of the every now and again. Evolving loads easily and clammy out the transient. Oscillations
rapidly. Extreme black-outs happened as of late Previously,. Control grids around the world Also these have
uncovered that. Routine transmission frameworks would unabated to wrist bindings the. Control necessities of the
muddled interconnections What's more. Variable force stream. Therefore, change will be important to. The security
What's more Dependability of the energy grid, and in addition those. Control schemes of the transmission
framework. Diverse. Methodologies for example, such that sensitive force payment Also stage. Moving bring been
executed to meet those prerequisites. The. Requests from claiming bring down control losses, quicker light of
framework. Parameter change, Also higher Dependability about framework need. Invigorated the improvement of
the Realities (flexible AC. Transmission systems). In view of those prosperity from claiming examination over.
Force hardware exchanging units Also propelled control. Technology, Realities need turn into the innovation
organization about decision in. Voltage control, reactive/active energy stream control, transient. And steady-state
adjustment that enhances those operation What's more. Purpose from claiming existing control transmission Also
circulation. Framework. Those accomplishment for these investigations augment those. Effectiveness of the existing
generator units, diminish those general. Era What's more fuel consumption, What's more minimize the operation.
Expense. In this paper sensitive control recompense may be decided a. Successful manner to move forward the

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IC™ Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116
execution of the ac framework. Consequently An multilevel ST ATCOM Furthermore a control framework ought
further bolstering make. Outlined for this reason for existing. In this paper the suggested control is tried with respect
to An energy. Framework with which a nine level cascaded multilevel converter is. Associated. The remaining and
only the paper may be composed as takes after: Section-II provides for those working guideline for STATCOM;.
Section-III provides for the cascaded multilevel out and its. Execution for MATLAB simulink; Section-IV provides
for the. ST a TCOM controller What's more its design; Section-V provides for the. Execution of STATCOM What's
more its controller with An force. System, alongside test effects Furthermore correlation for thd. Calculations;
Section-VI provides for the conclusion; references. Identified with this subject.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF STATCOM

STATCOM will be an essential shunt gadget of the Realities family,. Which employments control hardware on
control energy stream and. Enhance transient soundness with respect to energy grids. The STATCOM. Manages
voltage In its terminals Eventually Tom's perusing controlling the measure of. Sensitive energy injected under
alternately Consumed starting with the force. Framework. For purely sensitive force stream those three period.
Voltages of the ST a TCOM must a chance to be administered Previously, period with. Those framework voltages.
The variety from claiming sensitive energy will be. Performed by method for An VSC associated through a
coupling. Transformer. Those VSC employments compelled commutated force. Hardware gadgets (GTO's
alternately IGBT's) to integrate those. Voltage from An dc voltage hotspot. Those operating guideline from
claiming. STAT ACOM is clarified done fig. 4. It camwood make seen that though. V 2> v i then the sensitive
current iq streams starting with those converter on. The ac framework through the coupling transformer by injecting.
Sensitive energy of the ac framework. On the other hand, though v 2< v i. Then present iq streams from ac
framework of the converter Toward. Absorbing sensitive force from those framework. Finally, In V2= VI.
Afterward there may be no return of sensitive control. The measure of. Sensitive force trade may be provided for by:

𝑣1(𝑣1 − 𝑣2)
𝑄=
𝑋𝑠
Where,
V I: Magnitude of system Voltage.
V 2: Magnitude of ST A TCOM output voltage.
Xs: Equivalent impedance between ST ATCOM and
the system.
A capacitor connected on the DC side of the VSC acts as a dc voltage source.

Fig.1 Schematic Configuration of STATCOM

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IC™ Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116

MULTILEVEL CIRCUIT
An cascaded multi-level converter out is demonstrated clinched alongside fig. 2. It. May be An three period VSC
which comprises about three single periods. Furthermore each period comprises about H-bridges associated in
arrangement. Those. Three stages in the converter would star associated. Every solitary. Stage H-bridge converter
need two arms comprising for two pairs. Of GTO and diode associated On anti-parallel. Each H-bridge. Need its
own capacitor, acting as a voltage sourball. Distinct. Capacitors of same capacitance need aid chosen to meet those.
Budgetary Also symphonious criteria.The crest yield voltage from claiming STATCOM will be n times to that. Of
the capacitor voltage, the place n will be the amount for H-bridges clinched alongside. Each period. Each H-bridge
generates three voltage levels +. V de , 0 and - v de and the aggregate yield voltage of each stage is. The blending
from claiming single person H-bridge voltages. An. STATCOM with n converters for every period camwood
orchestrate 2N+ 1. Voltage levels.

Fig.2 Single Phase 9 level H Bridge Inverter

The yield voltage wavefonn of the cascaded N-Ievel. ST An TCOM relies on the exchanging pattern, which will be.
Regulated Toward the exchanging angles of the converters. These. Exchanging angles camwood be freely selected,
Be that. Proper exchanging angles would required on accomplish handy. Caliber of the yield voltage waveform.
Toward utilizing SHEM,. More level request sounds might make wiped out in the yield. Wavefonn. Those
plentifulness of the odd hannonic request of the. Yield voltage for 2N+1 level could make spoke to utilizing.
Fourier's arrangement system as,

Where,

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Vn is the amplitude of voltage harmonic of nth order

V de is the DC voltage across the capacitor

N is the number of the bridges in each phase
n is the odd harmonic order
Qk is the switching angle of the single phase bridge In this paper a nine level cascaded multilevel converter is
designed and is simulated in MATLAB simulink environment.The firing angles of the bridges in the converter are
so chosen such that 5th, 7th, 11th and13th harmonics are eliminated and the THD of phase voltage is minimized. For
the optimal values of firing angles the following equations must be solved (considering the modulation index M =
1).

Cos (5Q1) +Cos (5Q2) + Cos (5Q3) + Cos (5Q4) = 0

Cos (7Q1) +Cos (7 Q2) + Cos (7 Q3) + Cos (7Q4) = 0

Cos (11 Q1) +Cos (11 Q2) + Cos (11 Q3) + Cos(11 Q4) = 0

Cos (13 Q1) +Cos (13 Q2) + Cos (13 Q3) + Cos (13 Q4) = 0

Cos (Q1) +Cos (Q2) + Cos (93) + Cos (Q4) = (m-I) M

This set of nonlinear transcendental equations can be solved by iterative methods such as the Newton-Raphsoll
method. We get,

Thus, if the H-bridges are symmetrically switched during the positive half-cycle of the fundamental voltage to +V
de at 6.57°, +2Vde at 18.94°, +3Vde at 27.18° and +4Vde at 45.l5° and similarly ill the negative half-cycle to -V de
at 186.57°, -2V de at 198.94°,-3Vde at 207.18° and -4Vde at 255.15° to eliminate 5th, 7h,llth and 13th harmonics.

STATCOM CONTROLLER.
Those fundamental target for control from claiming STATCOM will be to upgrade the. Energy transmission by
injecting alternately absorbing sensitive force on. Or starting with those grid. Those essential control methodology
utilized for those. Suggested STATCOM controller is immediate control. In this. Methodology sensitive yield
current camwood make regulated straightforwardly Eventually Tom's perusing. Those inside voltage control system
of the converter (e. G. :. PWM) clinched alongside which the internal dc voltage will be held consistent. Those.
STATCOM may be controlled to convey whichever inductive alternately. Capacitive ebbs and flows of the force
framework Eventually Tom's perusing changing its yield. Voltages V2a, V2b Also V2e. In the plan of the
STATCOM. Controller, the three-phase amounts (voltage Also current) would. To begin with changed under
regulate Also quadrature parts Previously, An. Synchronously pivoting reference outline. Then, An current.
Controller will be utilized for the present control.In the outline of the STATCOM controller, it is key. Should have
great progressive reaction in the transient period Furthermore will. Guarantee insignificant sounds during enduring
state. Likewise demonstrated done,. A transient modulation-index controller Also An steady-state. Modulation-index
controller are recommended with accomplish the objectives. Of great transient reaction and insignificant steady-state
sounds. Individually. Points to the outline of transient modulationindex. Controller, steady-state modulation-index
regulator,. Stage bolted circle (PLL), abc with dqO transformation, AC. Voltage controller, current regulator, PWM
generator are. Portrayed below:.

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IC™ Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116

Fig.3 Statcom Controller

PLL
Those PLL gives those fundamental synchronizing indicator which will be the. Stage point of the transport. On
account of a sudden transform in the. Energy system, for example, load rejection, it takes regarding half An. Cycle
about voltage (10 ms for 50 Hz) for the PLL to be. Synchronized for the new voltage period angle, in addition to
those indicator. Preparing delay. Throughout this occasion when those ST ATCOM works at. Those past stage
angle, same time the transport voltage stage need. Transformed. Contingent upon the measure for stage point
transform What's more. If it may be expanded alternately decreased, an uncontrolled true. Power, Also sensitive
energy trade might happen between the. ST An TCOM and the transmission line Throughout this inalienable PLL.
Delay. Subsequently relying upon the measure of the stage point. Progress What's more if it will be expanded
alternately decreased, the dc. Capacitor might a chance to be charged or released In load exchanging. Instants.

MODULATION-INDEX REGULATOR
It need also been watched that an easier regulation list might. Provide for All the more symphonious substance
during enduring state. Thus, it may be. Alluring will need those mi settled In solidarity so as to guarantee.
Insignificant sounds during enduring state. Should attain this goal, a. Steady-state modulation-index controller may
be recommended on drive. Those regulation list of the pre-set esteem (MI*=1 in this work). In enduring state
through those activity of a PI controller. As demonstrated. Over fig. 5, those genuine current reference id*is
produced by those. Suggested steady-state modulation-index controller Utilizing those recommended steady-state
modulation-index controller. What's more transient modulation-index controller, those preference of. Insignificant
sounds could a chance to be retained under steady-state. Particular circumstances. When there is a necessity with
alter those sensitive energy. Yield Throughout those transient period, those genuine mi will be never again.
Equivalent to the steady-state reference MI'which will be equivalent to those. Pre-set esteem. Similarly as a result,
the mi deviates from the steady-state. Worth MI*. However, this deviation of the regulation list. Need minimal
impact looking into steady-state symphonious substance since those. Transient keeps up to best a brief time. With
those modification. Of the regulation list Toward those suggested

PI CONTROLLER
PI controller generates An gated summon should work those. Converters and should adjust the error, which need
been. Computed Toward thinking about characterized qualities against measured. Values for both sensitive Also
genuine forces. This will be a essential analytics. And only the converters which generates An gated summon on.
Work the converters so as to prepare those key. Voltage waveform which compensates the voltage extent.
Eventually Tom's perusing synchronizing for the AC framework. The inside control. Also takes preventive measures
to breaking point the greatest voltage. Furthermore present from the single person force converter with administer.
Safe operations under whatever framework possibility.

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IMPLEMENTATON AND RESULTS
An essential energy framework model is outlined comprising of 3-phase. Wellspring about 100MVA Furthermore a
transport voltage of llkV. This energy may be. Transmitted through An transmission line of period 350km with.
Load core. During those load focus Different loads would recognized. Also are associated with framework toward
diverse instants of occasion when Likewise. Demonstrated in the table 1.

Table 1. Load data of power systm

No Time Types of Load
Range loaad
1 0.1 to 0.2 Nonlinear R=1900Ω,
L=1mH
2 0.3 to 0.4 inductive R=0.252Ω
L=1.537mH
3 0.5 to 0.6 capactive R=500Ω,
C=50µH
4 0.0 to 0.5 Normal R=400Ω,
and 0.6 to load L=60mH
0.7
Fig. 6 depicts the load voltage Also present waveforms of the. Force framework without ST ATCOM. In the interim
0. 3s on o. 4s. There may be a dip in the voltage level because of inductive load Furthermore. Starting with 0. 5s will
0. 6s there is a climb in the voltage level because of. Capacitive stacked conditions, At such voltage variances are.
Not alluring to An energy framework. Henceforth the 9 level ST a TeOM Furthermore its controller is associated
with. Those energy framework as indicated Previously, fig. 7 and the comparing. Load voltage and current
waveforms are demonstrated done fig. 8. The. Voltage waveform in the fig. 8 is upheld steady. All around
demonstrating steady load voltage regardless of the. Load associated Furthermore thereby enhancing voltage profile
of the. Framework. To examining those caliber of the voltage waveform downright. Symphonious twisting
calculations need aid performed utilizing comparison. (14).

The thd from claiming yield voltage is ascertained What's more will be found to a chance to be. L. 77% Likewise
indicated in the fig. 9 and the same may be compared for. The thd from claiming Different papers Concerning
illustration indicated Previously, table. 2 What's more may be discovered with. A chance to be base.

CONCLUSION
The paper displays An ST ATCOM model, created with the. Important segments Furthermore controllers so as on
show. Its adequacy On looking after straightforward Also quick voltage. Regulation at any purpose in the
transmission line. On the different. Hand, the sounds produced Eventually Tom's perusing those ST ATCOM is
held. Negligible with the execution for shem. The viability. Of the suggested control method may be exhibited with
those assistance. Of thd calculations Furthermore will be found to make least The point when. Compared with
Different plans. Henceforth those recommended. STATCOM for it controller utilizing the immediate control.
Methodology has the ability should uphold those voltage offset under Different. Load states.

REFERENCES
1. Prof. B.S.KrishnaVarma, G.Vineesha, J.Truptikumar, K.Sasank, P. Naga Yasasvi “Simulated Control
System Design of a Multilevel STATCOM for Reactive Power Compensation”,IEEE-international
Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM -2012) March 30, 31, 2012.
2. Ben-Sheng Chen and Yuan-Yih Hsu, “An Analytical Approach toHarmonic Analysis and Controller
Design of a STATCOM", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 22, No. I, Jan 2007.

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IC™ Value: 3.00 Impact Factor: 4.116
3. R.S. Dhekekar and N.V. Srikanth,"H-Bridge Cascade Multilevel VSC Control for Effective V AR
Compensation of Transmission Line" 16thNational Power Systems Conference, December, 2010.
4. ChunyanZang, Zhenjiang Pei, Junjia He, Guo Ting, Jing Zhu and Wei Sun, "Comparison and Analysis on
Common Modulation Strategies for the Cascaded Multilevel STATCOM" PEDS2009.
5. Carlos A.c. Cavaliere, Edson H. Watanabe and Mauricio Aredes, "Analysis and Operation of STATCOM
in Unbalanced Systems".
6. Amir H. Norouzi and A. M. Sharaf, 'Two Control Schemes to Enhance the Dynamic Performance of the
STATCOM and SSSC", IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 1, Jan 2005.
7. Hung-Chi Tsai, Chia-Chi Chu and Sheng-Hui Lee, "Passivity-based Nonlinear STATCOM Controller
Design for Improving Transient Stability of Power Systems", 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission and
Distribution Conference & Exhibition: Asia and Pacific Dalian, China.
8. Vandana S Pai, Jo Joy, “Reactive Power Compensation and Harmonic Mitigation in a Grid connected
system using STATCOM”IJAREEIE December 2014.

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