Gene Expression and

Gene Regulation
Blok BMS dan Genetika
Rio Risandiansyah, S.Ked., M.P., Ph.D
2018
Nucleotide vs nucleoside
Eukaryotic DNA is chromosomal
Chromosome
Chromosomes are divided into sections
Central Dogma: Transcription
RNA vs DNA
Transcription
Regulation of gene expression
Negative and Positive Regulation
Gene expression depends on gene regulation
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Transcription
Central dogma in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Gene commonly is defined as the entire nucleic acid
sequence that is necessary for the synthesis of a
functional gene product (polypeptide or RNA).
Chromosome to Gene
Gene to Chromosome
 •

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

 •

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 18.2
Precursor
Feedbac
k
inhibition trpE gene

Enzyme 1
trpD gene
Regulation
of gene
expression
Enzyme 2 trpC gene

−
trpB gene

Enzyme 3 −

trpA gene

Tryptophan

(a) Regulation of enzyme (b) Regulation of enzyme

activity production
 •

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 18.3a

trp operon
Promoter Promoter
Genes of operon
DNA trpR trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA
Operator
Regulatory RNA Start codon Stop codon
gene 3′ polymerase
mRNA mRNA 5′
5′
E D C B A

Protein Inactive Polypeptide subunits that make up

repressor enzymes for tryptophan synthesis
(a) Tryptophan absent, repressor inactive, operon on
 •
•

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 18.3a

trp operon
Promoter Promoter
Genes of operon
DNA trpR trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA
Operator
Regulatory RNA Start codon Stop codon
gene 3′ polymerase
mRNA mRNA 5′
5′
E D C B A

Protein Inactive Polypeptide subunits that make up

repressor enzymes for tryptophan synthesis
(a) Tryptophan absent, repressor inactive, operon on
 •

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 18.3a

trp operon
Promoter Promoter
Genes of operon
DNA trpR trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA
Operator
Regulatory RNA Start codon Stop codon
gene 3′ polymerase
mRNA mRNA 5′
5′
E D C B A

Protein Inactive Polypeptide subunits that make up

repressor enzymes for tryptophan synthesis
(a) Tryptophan absent, repressor inactive, operon on
 •

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 18.3b-1

DNA

mRNA

Protein Active
repressor

Tryptophan
(corepressor)
(b) Tryptophan present, repressor active, operon off
Figure 18.3b-2

DNA
No RNA
made

mRNA

Protein Active
repressor

Tryptophan
(corepressor)
(b) Tryptophan present, repressor active, operon off
 •

•
•

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

 •

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 18.4
Regulatory Promoter
gene
Operator

DNA lacI lacZ

No
RNA
3′ made
mRNA
RNA
5′ polymerase

Active
Protein repressor

(a) Lactose absent, repressor active, operon off

lac operon

DNA lacI lacZ lacY lacA

RNA polymerase
3′
mRNA
mRNA 5′
5′

Protein β-Galactosidase Permease Transacetylase

Allolactose Inactive
(inducer) repressor

(b) Lactose present, repressor inactive, operon

on
 •

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.