Project

Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre

Client ESSELTE LIMITED Made by Date Page
Location 29-Nov-2018
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC -

IDEALISED STRUCTURE and FORCE DIAGRAMS DESIGN STATUS: VALID

WARNING :
Passive pressure should
only be considered if it
can be guaranteed that
there will be no future
excavation in front of
the wall.

DIMENSIONS (mm)
H= 2800 B= 1100 Tw = 200
Hw = 0 BI = 0 Tb = 200
Hp = 1000 BN = 0 TN = 0
Hn = 0
MATERIAL PROPERTIES steel class A
fcu = 35 N/mm² gm = 1.5 concrete
fy = 500 N/mm² gm = 1.15 steel
cover to tension steel = 50 mm
Max allowable design surface crack width (W) = 0.3 mm (0.2 or 0.3
mm only)
Concrete density = 24 kN/m³
SOIL PROPERTIES Wall Geometry
Design angle of int'l friction of retained mat'l (Ø) = 30 degree
Design cohesion of retained mat'l (C ) = 0 kN/m² (Only granular backfil considered, "C" = zero)
Density of retained mat'l (q ) = 20 kN/m³
Submerged Density of retained mat'l (qs ) = 5.00 kN/m³ [default=2/3*q (only apply when 13.33
Design angle of int'l friction of base mat'l (Øb) = 20 degree ASSUMPTIONS
Design cohesion of base material (Cb ) = 10 kN/m² a) Wall friction is zero
Density of base material (qb ) = 10 kN/m³ b) Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH
Allowable gross ground bearing pressure (GBP) = 125 kN/m² c) Granular backfill
d)Does not include check of rotational slide/slope failure
LOADINGS Surcharge load -- live (SQK) = 2 kN/m² e)Does not include effect of seepage of ground
Surcharge load -- dead (SGK) = 0 water beneath the wall.
Line load -- live (LQK) = 0 kN/m f)Does not include deflection check of wall due to
Line load -- dead (LGK) = 0.5 kN/m lateral earth pressures
Distance of line load from wall (X) = 0 mm h) Design not intended for walls over 3.0 m high
i) Does not include check for temp. or shrinkage effects
LATERAL FORCES (unfactored) Ka = 0.33 [ default ka = (1-SIN Ø)/(1+SIN Ø)0.33]
Kp = 2.04 [ default kp = (1+SIN Øb)/(1-SIN Ø2.04
Kpc = 2.86 [ default kpc = 2kp0.5 ] = 2.86
Kac = 1.15 [ 2ka0.5 ]

Force Lever arm Moment about TOE gf Fult Mult

(kN) (m) (kNm) (kN) (kNm)
PE = 26.13 LE = 0.933 24.39 1.40 36.59 34.15
PS(GK) = 0.00 LS = 1.40 0.00 1.40 0.00 0.00
PS(QK) = 1.87 LS = 1.40 2.61 1.60 2.99 4.18
PL(GK) = 0.00 LL = 2.80 0.00 1.40 0.00 0.00
PL(QK) = 0.00 LL = 2.80 0.00 1.60 0.00 0.00
PW = 0.00 LW = 0.00 0.00 1.40 0.00 0.00
Total 28.00 27.00 39.57 38.33
PP = -38.76 (LP-HN) = 0.46 -17.68 1.00 -38.76 -17.68
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre
Client ESSELTE LIMITED Made by Date Page

Location 0 0 29-Nov-2018
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC 0 - 0

EXTERNAL STABILITY STABILITY CHECKS : OK

OVERTURNING about TOE F.O.S = 1.50

(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor) LOADING OPTION
Overturning Lateral FORCE (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm) (select critical load combination)
Moments PE = 26.13 LE = 0.93 24.39 EARTH
PS(GK) = 0.00 LS = 1.40 0.00 ✘ PS(GK)
PS(QK) = 1.87 LS = 1.40 2.61 ✘ PS(QK)
PL(GK) = 0.00 LL = 2.80 0.00 ✘ PL(GK)
PL(QK) = 0.00 LL = 2.80 0.00 ✘ PL(QK)
PW = 0.00 LW = 0.00 0.00 ✘ PW
åP = 28.00
Pp = -38.76 (LP-HN) = 0.46 -17.68
å Mo = 9.32

Restoring Vertical FORCE (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm)

Moments Wall = 12.48 0.10 1.25
Base = 5.28 0.55 2.90
Nib = 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earth = 46.80 0.65 30.42 ✘ ALLOW BUOYANCY OF BASE
Water = 0.00 0.65 0.00
Surcharge = 1.80 0.65 1.17
Line load = 0.50 0.20 0.10
åV = 66.86 å Mr = 35.84

Factor of Safety, Mr / Mo = 3.84 > 1.50 OK

SLIDING (using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor) F.O.S = 1.50

Sum of LATERAL FORCES, P = 28.00 kN

PASSIVE FORCE, Pp x Reduction factor (1) = -38.76 kN Red'n factor for passive force = 1.00
BASE FRICTION ( å V TANØb + 0.75 B Cb ) = -32.59 kN
Sum of FORCES RESISTING SLIDING, Pr = -71.35 kN

Factor of Safety, Pr / P = 2.55 > 1.50 OK

GROUND BEARING FAILTaking moments about centre of base (anticlockwise "+") :

Vertical FORCES (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm) BEARING PRESSURE (KN/m²)
00 13 26 40 53 66 79 92 06
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1.
Wall = 12.48 0.45 5.62 0.000
Base = 5.28 0.00 0.00
Nib = 0.00 0.55 0.00
Earth = 46.80 -0.10 -4.68 50.000
Water = 0.00 -0.10 0.00
Surcharge= 1.80 -0.10 -0.18
Line load = 0.50 0.35 0.18 100.000

åV= 66.86 å Mv = 0.93

Moment due to LATERAL FORCES, Mo = 9.32 kNm 150.000

Resultant Moment, M = Mv + Mo = 10.25 kNm

Eccentricity from base centre, M / V = 0.15 m

Therefore, MAXIMUM Gross Bearing Pressure (GRP) = 112 kN/m² < 125 OK
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre
Client ESSELTE LIMITED Made by Date Page

Location 0 0 29-Nov-2018
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC 0 - 0

BASE - unloaded side ( per metre length ) BS8110

gf = 1.42 (default = ult mt / non-factored m1.42 reference
V ult = 0.00 kN
M ult = 0.00 kNm ( '+' TENSION AT BOTTOM FACE)

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT : Min. As = 260 mm2 Table 3.25

f= 12 mm
centres = 200 mm < 444 OK 3.12.11.2.7(b)
Asprov = 565 mm2 > 260 OK

MOMENT of RESISTANCE : d= 144 mm

z= 136.14 mm 3.4.4.4
As' = 0 mm2
Mres = 33.47 kNm > 0.00 OK

SHEAR RESISTANCE: 100 As/bd = 0.39%

vc = 0.67 N/mm2 Table 3.8
Vres = 96.25 kN > 0.00 OK 3.5.5.2

CHECK CRACK WIDTH TO BS8110/BS8007 (:Temperature and shrinkage effects not included)
X= 41.73 mm em = -0.001083 BS8007
Acr = 108.61 mm W= -0.20 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2
NO CRACKING
BASE - loaded side ( per metre length )
V ult = 6.13 kN
M ult = 13.32 kNm (TENSION - TOP FACE)

TOP REINFORCEMENT : Min. As = 260 mm2 Table 3.25

f= 12 mm
centres = 200 mm < 444 OK 3.12.11.2.7(b)
Asprov = 565 mm2 > 260 OK

MOMENT RESISTANCE : d= 144 mm

z= 136.14 mm 3.4.4.4
As' = 0 mm2
Mres = 33.47 kNm > 13.32 OK

SHEAR RESISTANCE: 100 As/bd = 0.39%

vc = 0.67 N/mm2 Table 3.8
Vres = 96.25 kN > 6.13 OK 3.5.5.2

CHECK CRACK WIDTH to BS8100/ BS8007 (: Temperature and shrinkage effects not included)
X= 41.73 mm em = -9.55E-05 BS8007
Acr = 108.61 mm W= -0.02 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2

REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY for BASE

Type f Centers As Min. As

mm mm mm2 mm2
TOP (DESIGN) H 12 200 565 260 OK
BOTTOM (DESIGN) H 12 200 565 260 OK
TRANSVERSE H 12 200 565 260 OK
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc The Concrete Centre
Client ESSELTE LIMITED Made by Date Page

Location 0 0 29-Nov-2018
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC 0 - 0

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF REINFORCEMENT

No. Type Dia Length Unit Wt Weight

WALL VERTICAL - External face 6 H 12 2696 0.888 14.36

VERTICAL - Internal face 6 H 12 2696 0.888 14.36
TRANSVERSE (Ext.& Int.) 28 H 12 1000 0.888 24.86

BASE TOP (MAIN) 6 H 12 1196 0.888 6.37

BOTTOM (MAIN) 6 H 12 1196 0.888 6.37
TRANSVERSE ( T & B ) 12 H 12 1000 0.888 10.65
WALL STARTERS (Ext.) 6 H 12 955 0.888 5.09
WALL STARTERS (Int.) 6 H 12 955 0.888 5.09

NIB (assume same reinforcement as wall)

INTERNAL FACE (MAIN) 6 H 12 96 0.888 0.51
EXTERNAL FACE (MAIN) 6 H 12 96 0.888 0.51
TRANSVERSE (EXT.+ INT.) 2 H 12 1000 0.888 1.78

SUMMARY Approx total reinforcement per metre length of wall (kg) 89.9
 Diagrams

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc

Location 0 DATA FOR DIAGRAMS I
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 sheet 1 of 2 Made by Job No
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC

DESIGN STATUS: VALID

IF(ABS(ECCY)>B/1000/2,"BEARING FAIL",IF(ABS(ECCY)>(B/1000)/6,(2*VL)/(3*((B/1000)/2-ABS(ECCY))),(VL/(B/1000)*(1+(6*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000)))))

IF(ECCY>(B/1000)/6,IF(XX>(B/1000/2-ECCY)*3,0,(((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3-XX)/((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3))*BP),((VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/(B/1000))))+(B/1000-XX)/(B/1000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(
(6*ECCY)/(B/1000)))))
1.1

1 19.18
0 111.63 3
BEARING PRESSURE DIAGRAM
0.11 101.46 3
0.22 91.29 3 M
0.33 81.12 3
0.44 70.95 3 0 0.20.40.60.8 1 1.2
KN/M^2

0
0.55 60.78 3
0.66 50.61 3 50
0.77 40.44 3
0.88 30.27 3 100

0.99 20.10 3 150

1.1 9.93 3
1.1 0.00 0
IF(ECCY<0,B/1000-B/1000/50*B24,B/1000/50*B24)
19.18
0 0.00 111.631 0 111.631 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1 0.02 109.597 BEARING PRESSURE M DIAGRAM 1 109.597 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 0.04 107.563 .0
0
.1
3
.2
6
.4
0
.5
3
.6
6
.7
9
.9
2
.0
6 2 107.563 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
3 0.07 105.529 3 105.529 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000
4 0.09 103.495 4 103.495 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 0.11 101.461 20.000 5 101.461 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
KN/M^2

6 0.13 99.427 6 99.427 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

7 0.15 97.393 40.000 7 97.393 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
8 0.18 95.359 8 95.359 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
60.000
9 0.20 93.325 9 93.325 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 0.22 91.291 80.000
10 91.291 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
11 0.24 89.257 11 89.257 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
12 0.26 87.223 100.000 12 87.223 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
13 0.29 85.189 13 85.189 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
14 0.31 83.155 120.000 14 83.155 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
15 0.33 81.121 15 81.121 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
16 0.35 79.087 19.18 16 79.087 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
17 0.37 77.053 BP 0 111.63 17 77.053 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
18 0.40 75.020 BPE 0 111.63 18 75.020 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
19 0.42 72.986 BPI 0.2 93.14 19 72.986 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
20 0.44 70.952 BPZ 1.1 9.9329 20 70.952 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
21 0.46 68.918 21 68.918 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
22 0.48 66.884 22 66.884 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
23 0.51 64.850 23 64.850 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
24 0.53 62.816 24 62.816 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
25 0.55 60.782 25 60.782 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
26 0.57 58.748 26 58.748 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
27 0.59 56.714 27 56.714 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
28 0.62 54.680 28 54.680 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
29 0.64 52.646 29 52.646 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
30 0.66 50.612 30 50.612 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
31 0.68 48.578 31 48.578 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
32 0.70 46.544 32 46.544 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
33 0.73 44.510 33 44.510 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
34 0.75 42.476 34 42.476 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
35 0.77 40.442 35 40.442 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
36 0.79 38.408 36 38.408 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
37 0.81 36.374 37 36.374 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
38 0.84 34.340 38 34.340 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
39 0.86 32.306 39 32.306 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
40 0.88 30.272 40 30.272 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
41 0.90 28.239 41 28.239 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
42 0.92 26.205 42 26.205 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
43 0.95 24.171 43 24.171 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
44 0.97 22.137 44 22.137 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
45 0.99 20.103 45 20.103 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
46 1.01 18.069 46 18.069 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
47 1.03 16.035 47 16.035 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
48 1.06 14.001 48 14.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
49 1.08 11.967 49 11.967 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
50 1.10 9.93293 50 9.933 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000

Page 5
 Diagrams

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc

Location 0 DATA FOR DIAGRAMS II
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 sheet 1 of 2 Made by Job No
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC

YY= 2.6 MTE= 19.53

MTLG= 0.00
MTLQ= 0.00
MTSG= 0
MTSQ= 2.25
MTW= 0.00

UTM= 30.95
30.95
0 0.00 0 0.00
1 0.05 0.0078 0.05 0 5MOMENT
10 15DIAGRAM
20 25 30 35
2 0.10 0.031 0.10
3 0.16 0.0698 0.16

0 0
0.
ULT. MT (KNM)
4 0.21 0.124 0.21
5 0.26 0.1938 0.26

2 6
0.
6 0.31 0.2791 0.31
7 0.36 0.3798 0.36

5 2
0.
8 0.42 0.4961 0.42
9 0.47 0.6279 0.47 04 (M) .78
0

10 0.52 0.7751 0.52

WALL

11 0.57 0.9379 0.57

1.

12 0.62 1.1162 0.62

13 0.68 1.31 0.68
3 0
1.

14 0.73 1.5193 0.73

15 0.78 1.7441 0.78
5 6
1.

16 0.83 1.9844 0.83

17 0.88 2.2402 0.88
8 2
1.

18 0.94 2.5115 0.94

19 0.99 2.7983 0.99
0 8
2.

20 1.04 3.1006 1.04

21 1.09 3.4184 1.09
3 4
2.

22 1.14 3.7517 1.14

23 1.20 4.1005 1.20
6 0
2.

24 1.25 4.4648 1.25

25 1.30 4.8447 1.30
26 1.35 5.24 1.35
27 1.40 5.6508 1.40
28 1.46 6.0771 1.46
29 1.51 6.5473 1.51
30 1.56 7.2034 1.56
31 1.61 7.9019 1.61
32 1.66 8.6439 1.66
33 1.72 9.4307 1.72
34 1.77 10.264 1.77
35 1.82 11.144 1.82
36 1.87 12.074 1.87
37 1.92 13.053 1.92
38 1.98 14.084 1.98
39 2.03 15.168 2.03
40 2.08 16.306 2.08
41 2.13 17.499 2.13
42 2.18 18.749 2.18
43 2.24 20.057 2.24
44 2.29 21.424 2.29
45 2.34 22.851 2.34
46 2.39 24.341 2.39
47 2.44 25.894 2.44
48 2.50 27.512 2.50
49 2.55 29.195 2.55
50 2.60 30.946 2.60

0 0
0 200 WALL GEOMETRY
0 200 4000
WALL (mm)

0 2800
3500
200 2800
200 200 3000

1100 200 2500

1100 0 2000
0 0 1500
0 0
1000
0 0
500
0 0
0 0 0
0

1000

2000

4000
3000

2800 1100 BASE ( mm)

Page 6
 Diagrams

Made by Job No
Date 29-Nov-18

000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(1-

0.022 2.456
0.022 2.411
0.022 2.366
0.022 2.322
0.022 2.277
0.022 2.232
0.022 2.187
0.022 2.143
0.022 2.098
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
20.492

Page 7
 Diagrams

Made by Job No
Date 29-Nov-18

Page 8
 Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc
Location 0 CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:2005 Made by Job No
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v3.3 © 2006 TCC Date 29-Nov-18

WALL
MR= 15.06 MIN SPACING= 400 ASreq = 522.82 fs = 308.18Asprov%= 0.3927
As/bd= 0.004 MSBB= 444 ASBBreq 0.01 fs = 0.0059Asprov%= 0.3927
X= 41.73 MSBT= 444 ASBTreq 225.09 fs = 132.68Asprov%= 0.3927
Ic= 113271728
STS= 0.0015 Charles:
ST1= 0.0023 Charles: The last cell reference in the formaula
ST2= 0.0010828 Minor point - the formula should be DESIGN!G74 not DESIGN!
Acr= 108.61239 label given for the cell G740. Since cell G740 is blank the
W= 0.23 should be AsBT/bd not calculation currently always results in a
em= 0.0012 AsBB/bd. value of 0.01 rather than the correct
figure.
MR= 15.06 MR= 15.06
AsBB/bd= 0.0039 AsBB/bd= 0.0039 Charles:
X= 41.73 X= 41.73 The comparison in these three cells highlighted
Ic= 113271728 Ic= 113271728 in orange should be W>0.1 not W>1. Since the
STS= 0.0000 STS= 0.0006 maximum value of W is 0.3 the current
ST1= 0.0000 ST1= 0.0010 comparison results in the wrong formula being
ST2= 0.0010828 ST2= 0.0010828 used in many cases resulting in a crack width
Acr= 108.61239 Acr= 108.61239 estimate that is lower than it should be.
W= -0.20 W= -0.0179
em= -0.0011 em= -0.0001

Page 9
 Notes

Disclaimer
All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or The Concrete Centre is
intended for those who will evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and take
responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any
loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the BCA, TCC or their
subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all TCC software and
publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they
are in possession of the latest version.

This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'User
Guide RC Spreadsheets: v3' available from The Concrete Bookshop,

Status of spreadsh This spreadsheet is shareware. It may be distributed freely, but may not be used
Public release version for commercial purposes until the user has registered with the TCC via
The Concrete Bookshop.
Revision history RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls

Date Version Action

Cohesion reduction factor for sliding (to BS8002: clause
8-Oct-07 RCC62 v3.3
3.2.6) added at STABILITY!F40.
Improvement to base moment calculation method. Rankine
22-Apr-07 RCC62 v3.2
warning added for small heels.
v3 release. Page nos, User Guide and registration details
28-Jun-06 RCC62 v3.1
amended.
### RCC62 v3.0 Updated to 2005 versions of BS8110 & BS8666
Names of sides of base on DESIGN sheet changed from
21-Oct-04RCC62 v2.3
"outside" and " inside" to "unloaded" and "loaded".
### RCC62 v2.2 Correction when distance X to line load ≤ 0.
22-Jan-03 RCC62 v2.1 DETR logo replaced by DTI.
11-Oct-02RCC62 v2.0 Version 2 enhancements
### RCC62 v1.4 Data! Main graphic changed to jpeg
16-Jun-01 RCC62 v1.3 Crack width calculation to outer base amended
Buoyance option + notes added. Passive pressure reduction
15-Apr-01 RCC62 v1.2
factor rectified
Crack width w for top of inner base amended. Notes re crack
24-Mar-00RCC62 v1.1
widths and cracking added in DATA!
First public release.
6-Aug-99 RCC62 v1.0
Includes b version comments

Page 10
 Notes

Concrete Centre is
s contents and take
negligence) for any
BCA, TCC or their
TCC software and
re ensure that they

g publication 'User
crete Bookshop,

but may not be used

with the TCC via

Size (kB)
571

569

563

585

580

565
563
583
365
365
398

398

398

Page 11