Contaminant Hydrology

Home Work 1

1. Given:
Radius of Capillary tube, R = 0.001 cm= 0.00001 m
Surface Tension, σ = 73 dynes/cm = 0.073 N/m
Contact angle, θ = 100
Density of water, ρw = 1000 kg/m3
The height of rise of water in capillary tube =
ρwgH = 2σ/r = 2 σ cosγ/ R
H = 2 σ cosγ/ Rgρw
.
H=
.
. .
H=
.

H = 1.437 m
2. Given:
h1 = 50cm h2 = 20 cm
K = 100 cm/day
L = 100 cm

According to Darcy’s Law,

Water Flux, Jw =
( )
Jw =

Jw = 30 cm/day

3. Given:
Pressure head at A = -15 cm
Gravitational head at A = 95 cm
Total Head at A = 95 - 15 cm = 80 cm
Pressure head at B = 100 cm
Gravitational head at B = 15 cm
Total Head at B = 100+15 cm = 115 cm
(b)
Pressure head at A = 50 cm
Gravitational head at A = 0 cm
Total Head at A = 50 cm
Pressure head at B = 10 cm
Gravitational head at B = 30 cm
Total Head at B = 40 cm

Water Flux for question (a)

Water Flux, Jw =
( )
Jw =

Jw = 0.43×10−6 m/s
Water flux for question (b)

Water Flux, Jw =
( )
Jw =
 Jw = 0.33×10−6 m/s
4. (a) Given:
L1 = 60 cm, K1 = 20 cm/day
L2 = 40 cm, K2 = 5 cm/day
Depth of water above top layer of soil = 15 cm
Keff =

Keff =

Keff = cm/day

From Darcy’s law:

Water Flux, Jw =
( )
Jw = − x ( )

Jw = −10.45 cm/day

The flux is 10.45 cm per day in downward direction

(b) Given:
Specific Discharge is defined as:
V= =−K

V = - 10-7 x
V = −5×10−8 cm/s

5. Given:
For Horizontal component of hydraulic conductivity:
⅀
K= ⅀

K=
( )
 K = 5.05 x 10-5 m/s
For Vertical component of hydraulic conductivity:
⅀
K=
⅀

K=( )

K = 1.98 x 10-4 m/s

6. Given:
Thickness, L1 = L2 = L3 = 25 m
H1 = 120 m, H2 = 100 m
Effective conductivity in vertical column:
⅀
Ke =
⅀

Ke = ( )

Ke = 2.3×10−4 m/s
Average velocity throughout the column:
qz = − K

qz = - 2.3 x 10-4 x
qz = 6.1×10−5 m/s
Now,
qz = − K
( )
qz = − K
h2 = − + h1
h2 = h1 −

For first point A, h2 = 120 −

.
h2 = 120 −

h2 = 120 – 15.25 = 104.78 m

 For point B,
h3 = h2 −
.
h3 = 104.75 −
h3 = 101.7 m

7. Given:

Hydraulic conductivity, K = 10-6 m/s

Vertical hydraulic conductivity, Kv = 10-9 m/s

(a)
For Inflow into both the aquifer:
Q=KxAx( )

Q = 10−6 × 1000 ×10−1 m3/s

Qa = Qb = 10-4 m3/s

(b) Given, lower aquifer head is 10 m higher than higher aquifer. Therefore, for
calculating the out flow, we first calculate the flow through the low permeable
confining layer.
Q=KxAx( )

Q = 10−9 × (100 x 1000) × m3/s

Q = 0.5×10−4 m3/s
Now, the outflow from the lower aquifer = inflow to the aquifer + the flow in or
out through low permeable confining layer.
 Outflow from B aquifer= (1−0.5) × 10−4 m3/s = 0.5×10−4 m3/s

Outflow from the upper aquifer = inflow + the flow in or out through low
permeable confining layer.

Outflow from A aquifer= (1+0.5) × 10−4 m3/s = 1.5×10−4 m3/s

(c)
Gradient near A aquifer region:
Q=KxAx( )

.
= = 1.5 x 10-1

Gradient near B aquifer region:

Q=KxAx( )

.
= = 0.5 x 10-1

(d)