Summary 3-117 till 3-120

Filters
A rectifier is an electrical device that rectify AC voltage to DC voltage. There are many type
rectifier like full- wave rectifier, half- wave rectifier, bridge type rectifier and three- Phase
rectifier. The output voltage of those rectifier are pulsating DC voltage. to make this
pulsating output voltage more constant and useful they use filters.
Capacitor- input filters
The capacitor- input filter is a capacitor that is installed parallel with the lood so it can
discharge on the lood. The capacitor charge when the pulsating output voltage of the
rectifier rise from zero to peek and discharge when the voltage begin to drop to zero. The
capacitor input filter work the same on full wave as on a half wave rectifier.
Choke- input filter
A choke is a device if it is connected in series with the load it opposed any change in the
load current. They use that characteristic of the choke to smooth out the DC output so it
remains at a constant value.
PI filters
The pi filter is that combine capacitor and choke. With this arrangement you get a better
and smoother DC output.
Amplifiers
Amplifiers are devices that amplify a frequency from small to large. To do this they use a
transistor because A transistor is a low- impedance device,it use a small change in current
in the emitter- base to cause a large change in the current in the emitter- collector.
Oscillators
A oscillator is an electronic device that convert DC to AC or an electronic circuit that have
capacitor and inductance that produce AC frequency.
Full- wave voltage doubler
A device or a circuit that use 3 capacitor and 2 diode to rectify and double up the AC input
voltage.
Logic gate
Logic gate are digital controlled circuit that are used in computer. There are many gate the
AND gate, the NAND gate, the OR gate, the NOR gate and the exclusive OR gate. Are those
gate have different truth table. Logic gate are often use as switches, in a logic gate the on
position is indicated by ah one and the off position is indicated by a zero.