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distillation
Feed
extractive
Recovery
Solvent
(Make-up
(Solvent) solvent)
CH3C6H5: Toluene(T)
(Recycled
solvent)
CH3C6H11: MCH(M)
Phenol(P)
If :
1. T type of two-product separators are allowed.
2. Any mass-separating agent is recovered for recycle in
the separator following the one into which it is introduced.
Then :
SN
2N 1! T N 1
N ! N 1!
For example :
N = 4 components
Ordinary distillation only gives
SN = 5
Ordinary distillation plus extractive distillation with phenol gives
S N 52
4 1
40
N 10
S N 4862T 1
S N 48622
10 1
Extractive Distillation with reactive component
Add reactive component (ionic liquid) to modify vapor-liquid equilibrium
B S
B
C
C
C+S
e. g., B, C = xylenes: = 1.03
S = organometallic: B, CS: 30
B : meta-xylene
C : para-xylene
S : sodium cumene
Avoid Vacuum and Refrigeration
High pressure
$/K cal
steam
Cooling
Low pressure
steam
Heating
Room
Temperature
temperature
Cooling water
Ammonia refrigerant
Liquid nitrogen
Avoid:
10
Pressure of operation, atm
0.1
1
CES f
d b
log[( ) LK ( ) HK ]
b d
1. Feed
Normal Boiling
Species Moles/Hr Point, T C T CES
A: Hydrogen 18 -253 92 23.0
B: Methane 5 -161 19.6
C: Ethylene 24 -104 57
16 14.6
D: Ethane 15 -88
72 40 18.1
E: Propylene 14 -48
F: Propane 6 -42 6 1.1
G: Heavies 8 -1 41 4.0
Example:
2. Products : AB, C, D, E, F and G. D B 18
CESA/BCDEFG = B or D T 72 92 23.0
3. Key Questions :
a. Products: Any multi-component products ?
b. Species: Any corrosive and hazardous components ?
c. T: Any difficult separations ?
d. Moles/hr: Any plentiful components ?
e. CES: Any easy and balanced (50/50) splits ?
1. Favor ordinary distillation and Avoid vacuum and refrigeration:
Use ordinary distillation with refrigeration at high pressure.
This sequence performs splits C/D and E/F last, which is exactly
the same as the one being practiced in the industry.
The second sequence can be obtained by making the split
ABCD/EFG first, which has the second largest CES of 18.1.
A Single product
A B
C ?
B
D 16C(last)
C
D
E
F E 6C(last)
G F
G
Another Initial Separation Sequence :
A
A B
A B
CES B C C
=19.6
C 16C
(large) C D D D
D Last Separations
CES
=18.1 E
(2nd largest) F E E E
F 6C
G F F
G G
1. Feed:
Relative Volatility*
Species Mole % ()I ()II (CES)I (CES)II
2. Products: A, B, C, DE and F.
(Example) (CES)I,A/BCDEF = D 12 100 1.47
2.45 1 100 2.163
B 98.53
D B
or d 12 100 2.50 1 100 9.404
(CES)II,ABCDE/F = 5.90
B D 94.50
3. Key Question :
a. Products: Any multi-component products ?
Note: Heuristics are ranked in their relative importance according to their given order, e. g.,
Heuristic 5 overrides Heuristic 6
Separation Sequencing for Example 2
C+S
CDE
DE DE
Distillation
Extractive
Recovery
Solvenet
+ Solvent 2-BUTENES
RECIRCULATED
SOLVENT
n-BUTANE
C3 C
F
EXTRACTIVE
DEOILER DISTILLATION SOLVENT STRIPPER
COLUMN