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Chapter 1 -
AME 2510 : Engineering Materials
Science
Course Objective...
Introduce fundamental concepts in Materials
Science
You will learn about:
• material structure
• how structure dictates properties
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to:
• use materials properly
• realize new design opportunities
with materials
Chapter 1 - 2
LECTURES
Lecturer: A. Prof. Dr. Yasser Fouad
Time: Tuesday-Thursday , 11:00 AM-12:00 PM
Lab: Monday, 3:00 PM to 5:00 PM
Location: Branch campus in Al Muzahimiyah
Activities:
• Present new material
• Announce reading and homework
• Take quizzes and midterms*
Chapter 1 - 3
RECITATIONS
Instructor: A. Prof. Dr. Yasser Fouad
Times and Places:
Purpose:
• Discuss homework, quizzes, exams
• Hand back graded quizzes, exams
• Discuss concepts from lecture
Recitations start next week.
Try to attend your registered recitation.
If necessary, attend an alternate recitation. Chapter 1 - 4
LABORATORY SECTIONS
Instructor: A. Prof. Dr. Yasser Fouad
Chapter 1 - 5
TEACHING ASSISTANTS
Chapter 1 - 6
OFFICE HOURS
???????-?????? AM !!!!!! **
Optional Material:
Chapter 1 - 8
COURSE MATERIALS
(with WileyPLUS)
Required text:
• WileyPLUS for Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction,
W.D. Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 8th edition, John Wiley
and Sons, Inc. (2010).
Website: http://www.wileyplus.com/xxxxxxxxxxx
Chapter 1 - 9
WEBSITES
Course Website: soon
• Syllabus
• Lecture notes
• Answer keys
• Grades
Chapter 1 - 10
Virtual Materials Science &
Engineering (VMSE)
Website: http://www.wileyplus.com/college/callister
Student Companion Site
• Users can manipulate molecules and crystals to
better visualize atomic structures
• Unit cells such as BCC, FCC, HCP
• Crystallographic planes, directions, and defects
• Polymer repeat units and molecules
• Diffusion computations
Chapter 1 - 11
GRADING
Weekly or biweekly in-lecture quizzes 20%
Held on _____ at the beginning of class
Based on core homework problems
Your lowest quiz grade will be dropped
Assignments 5%
Lab reports and exam 15 %
Midterm 20%
Tentatively scheduled for:
Material covered:
Final 40%
Tentatively scheduled for:
Material covered:
Chapter 1 - 12
READING SCHEDULE
• Introduction to materials, Materials science and engineering, Classification (metals, ceramics,
polymers, composites). Advanced Materials.
• Structure of atom, bonding and coordination in metals, polymers and ceramics. Effect of atomic
bonding on thermal and mechanical properties.
• Structure of metals (lattices, crystals, crystal directions, planes). Crystalline and non-crystalline
solids. Indices and densities, polymorphism and allotropy. Structure of Ceramics. Structure of
polymers.
• Imperfections in crystalline solids; point, linear and planar defects. Microscopic Examinations.
• Diffusion mechanisms, Steady state diffusion.
• Mechanical properties (elastic and plastic deformation, slip systems and deformation
mechanisms). Mechanical testing (tensile, torsion, bending, impact, hardness). Mechanism of
Strengthening in Metals, Annealing; recovery, recrystallization and grain growth.
• Equilibrium-phase diagrams, their construction and types, phase changes, and phase quantities.
Relation between phases and properties.
• Applications and processing of metal alloys. Ferrous and nonferrous alloys, Thermal processing of
metals. Standard classifications of Metals
• Ceramics and Glasses.
• Polymers
Chapter 1 - 13
Note:
Chapter 1 - 14
Note:
Chapter 1 - 15
Note:
Chapter 1 - 16
Numerical Letter Grade Conversion:
A+ 90-100 B- 70-72
A 85-90 C+ 60-70
A- 80-84 C 50-60
B+ 76-79 D 40-49
B 73-75 F less than 40
Chapter 1 - 17
Email me or visit me at my office
I welcome both modes of communication
Chapter 1 - 18
Chapter 1 - Introduction
• What is materials science?
• Why should we know about it?
Chapter 1 - 19
Example – Hip Implant
• With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate.
Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).
• Requirements
– mechanical
strength (many
cycles)
– good lubricity
– biocompatibility
Chapter 1 - 21
Example – Hip Implant
Femoral
Stem
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph,
Chapter 22, Callister 7e.
Chapter 1 - 23
Example – Develop New Types of
Polymers
• Commodity plastics – large volume ca. $0.50 / lb
Ex. Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
etc.
Chapter 1 - 24
Structure, Processing, & Properties
• Properties depend on structure
ex: hardness vs structure of steel
(d)
600
Hardness (BHN)
30 mm
500 (c)
Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a)
400 (b) and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition,
(a) and from Fig. 11.14 and associated
4 mm discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
300 Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33;
30 mm
30 mm and (d) Fig. 10.21, Callister &
200 Rethwisch 8e.
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (ºC/s)
• Processing can change structure
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel
Chapter 1 - 25
Types of Materials
• Metals:
– Strong, ductile
– High thermal & electrical conductivity
– Opaque, reflective.
Chapter 1 - 26
The Materials Selection Process
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.
Chapter 1 - 27
ELECTRICAL
• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
6 Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister &
Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 18.8 adapted
5 from: J.O. Linde, Ann Physik 5, 219
(1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M.
Resistivity, r
3
2
1
0
-200 -100 0 T (ºC)
• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.
• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.
Chapter 1 - 28
THERMAL
• Space Shuttle Tiles: • Thermal Conductivity
-- Silica fiber insulation of Copper:
offers low heat conduction. -- It decreases when
Adapted from chapter- you add zinc!
opening photograph,
Chapter 17, Callister &
Thermal Conductivity
Rethwisch 3e. (Courtesy 400
of Lockheed
Missiles and Space
300
(W/m-K)
Company, Inc.)
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40
Composition (wt% Zinc)
Adapted from Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister & Rethwisch
Fig. 19.4W, Callister 8e. (Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook:
6e. (Courtesy of Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and
Lockheed Aerospace Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker,
Ceramics Systems, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals,
Sunnyvale, CA) 1979, p. 315.)
(Note: "W" denotes fig.
100 mm is on CD-ROM.) Chapter 1 - 29
MAGNETIC
• Magnetic Storage: • Magnetic Permeability
-- Recording medium vs. Composition:
is magnetized by -- Adding 3 atomic % Si
recording head. makes Fe a better
recording medium!
Magnetization
Fe+3%Si
Fe
Magnetic Field
Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and
Fig. 20.23, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of
Engineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9,
1973. Electronically reproduced
by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Chapter 1 - 30
OPTICAL
• Transmittance:
-- Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the material structure.
polycrystal: polycrystal:
single crystal low porosity high porosity
Chapter 1 - 31
DETERIORATIVE
• Stress & Saltwater... • Heat treatment: slows
-- causes cracks! crack speed in salt water!
increasing load
Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and
Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph, Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown
Chapter 16, Callister & Rethwisch 3e. Boveri Co.)
(from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and
Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.) 4 mm
-- material:
7150-T651 Al "alloy"
(Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)
Chapter 1 - 33