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‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬

Risk assessment

‫اﻻدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﮭﺎم اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ وإدارة اﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ‬

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‫‪Risk assessment‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫ھﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﯿﯿﻦ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮه وﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﻣﺎ اذاﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬


‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ أم ﻻ ‪ ،‬وﺗﺘﻜﻮن ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔﻻﺑﺪ أن ﯾﺘﻢ اﻧﺠﺎزھﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻠﯿﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
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‫‪hazard‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫ھﻮ ﻣﺼﺪر )ﻣﻌﺪة – ﻣﺎدة ‪ ( ------ -‬ﻣﺮﺋﻲ أوﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﯾﻜﻤﻦ ﺑﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺮر ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﺻﺎﺑﺔ أو ﻣﺮض ﻣﮭﻨﻰ أو ﺗﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت أو ﺿﺮر‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺌﺔ أوﺣﺪوث أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮر ﻣﻦ اﻷﺿﺮار اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
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Hazard Identification ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ‬

‫ھﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ وﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﻣﺼﺪراﻟﺨﻄﺮ وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﮫ‬

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Risk : ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة‬

‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة ھىﺎﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ وﺷﺪة ﺣﺪوث ﺿﺮر ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺎ‬


Risk = likelihood (probability ) x consequence
(severity)

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Likelihood (Probability ) : ‫اﻹﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬

consequence ( severity ) : ‫اﻟﺸﺪة‬

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‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ؟‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ‪.‬‬


‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻇﮭﻮر ﻣﺼﺪر ﺧﻄﺮ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ادﺧﺎل ﻣﻌﺪة أوﻣﺎدة ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة‬

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‫ﻣﻦ ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ؟‬

‫أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻰ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿﺔ وﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬‬


‫ﻃﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﯿﻦ ﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺎھﻰ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻓﻰ اﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎر؟‬

‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ‪.‬‬


‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻀﺮر اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات وﻣﺪة اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻵﺗﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮى ﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ أواﻟﻔﻨﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺤﻮادث أواﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﯿﻦ – اﻟﻤﻮردﯾﻦ – اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ‪. --‬‬

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‫ھﻞ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺛﯿﻖ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ؟‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮورى ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ وﺗﻮﺛﯿﻖ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﺟﺮاءات ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬

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‫ﻣﺎ زﻣﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺴﺠﻼت ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ؟‬

‫ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺴﺠﻼت ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬


‫أﻋﻮام ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط ‪.‬‬


‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ وﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷﺿﺮار ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻵﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﯿﻦ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻷﺿﺮار وﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﺎﺛﯿﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة ‪.‬‬
‫وﺿﻊ وﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻻﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻰ وﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﻣﺎاذا ﻛﺎن ھﺬا اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻣﻘﺒﻮل ام ﻏﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮل‪.‬‬
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‫ﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ واﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪Checklist‬‬

‫أﺧﻄﺎر ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬


‫اﺧﻄﺎر ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻐﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮارة ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺆﯾﻨﺔ واﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺆﯾﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء‪.‬‬
‫اﻻھﺘﺰازات ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل ‪.‬‬
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‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ واﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻮاد ﺳﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬


‫ﻣﻮادآﻛﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺴﺮﻃﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮادﻣﺆﻛﺴﺪة ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻣﮭﯿﺠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻﺻﺘﺪام ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ واﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎر اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬


‫اﻟﻀﻮء ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﮭﻮﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺷﺎت اﻟﻌﺮض ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺪاول اﻟﯿﺪوى ‪.‬‬
‫ھﺠﻮم ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﻠﻮس ‪.‬‬

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Probability ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
١٠ ‫ﺣﺪوث ﻣﺆﻛﺪ‬
٨ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﻘﻮة‬
٦ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬
٤ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺤﺪث‬
٢ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺪوث‬

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‫‪Severity‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﺷﺪة اﻟﻀﺮر‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮت ﻋﺪة أﺷﺨﺎص‬
‫‪٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮت ﺷﺨﺺ واﺣﺪ أو ﺣﺪوث ﻋﺠﺰ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﻢ‬
‫‪٦‬‬ ‫اﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﻄﯿﺮة ﻷﺣﺪ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫اﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﻮرة‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﺷﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ‬

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‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬
‫اﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺿﺮب ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﺪة ‪x‬ﻣﻘﺪار اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ =‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺧﻄﺮ‬

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Risk Assessment Worksheet
location

No Hazard Effects Risk Analysis Risk Analysis evaluation

Control
Measure
severity likelihood risk severity likelihood risk

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‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻗﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﺸﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة‬ ‫اﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫ﺧﻔﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫اﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬
‫اﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫ﺧﻄﯿﺮة‬
‫ﻣﻮت ﻋﺪة ﻣﻮت أﺣﺪ‬
‫أﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻌﻤﺎل أو‬
‫ﺧﻄﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺰ داﺋﻢ‬
‫اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬

‫ﻣﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٨٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬


‫ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﻘﻮة‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫‪٦٤‬‬ ‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬
‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
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‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ – ‪ ٨‬ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة ﺗﺎﻓﮭﺔ وﻻﯾﻮﺟﺪ داﻋﻰ ﻹدﺧﺎل‬


‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻨﺎت ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪ ٢٤ - ١٢‬ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ وﻣﺴﯿﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺸﺮط‬


‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪ ٤٨ – ٣٢‬ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮة اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ وﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬


‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة اﻷﺧﺮى ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪ ١٠٠ – ٦٠‬ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬


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