004 Ajhoon Chet Ghawar PDF

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rhljh ckr irk pyrh g, iyIw ds opukX ls fd nks HkB vk,j nksukX iyI xS4 ck
gj ds /u dh fG∂ Nks\L nh vk,j Hhrj dk /u [kstus yxs3[kstus ugC yxs] [ks
t gh fy;k4
ckgj rks /u [kst dj Hh dgka dk,u [kst ikrk g,2 ckgj /u g, gh ugC tks [ks
t ldks4 ckgj rks /u dk Hqykok g,] Nykok g,] Ny g,4 e1x7ejhfpdk g,] fn[k
B i\Lrk g,4 nwj f{frt fn[k;h i\Lrk g, feyrk tehu ls6 t,ls7t,ls ikl igqaprs
gks] f{frt nwj gIrk tkrk g,4 dHh rqe Sslh txg ugC igqap ikvksxs tgka f{fr
t o¬rqrA tehu ls feyrk gks4 Ssls gh dHh Hh okluk r1fîr ls ugC feyrh4 ok
luk f{frt dh Hkafr g,4
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kB dks dgk iyIwizlkn vk,j Sd HkB dks dgk iyIwnkl4 ;g 'çn c\Lk î;kjk fn;
k xqQ us A 8iyIw92 BlkB ftldks duolZu dgrs gT4 iyI xS2 ftldks o,Kkfud
Sd lk, v¬lh fLxzh dk Wikarj< dgrs gT4 Sdne iyI xS4 dgC tkrs Fs vk,j
Ohd myIs py i\Ls4 Ssls iyIs fd {< eX iyI xS4 nsj7nkj u dh4 lksp7fopkj
u fd;k4 dgka cktkj eX xknh yxk dj c,Os Fs vk,j dgka lw”e eX xknh yxk nh4
dgka rk,yrs Fs3vukt rk,yrs gkXxs] lkx7lçth rk,yrs gkXxs] dqN rk,yrs gkXxs3vk,
j dgka 8lR 'çn ls Psjh9 ls rk,yus yxs2 vk,j dgka lk/kj< phtX csprs jgs gkXxs
3vk,j rqfj;k cspus yxs6 lekf/ cspus yxs2 Sslk Wikarj< Fk fd xqQ us dgk fd
rqe fc¥dqy gh iyI xS2 Sslk eqfædy ls gksrk g,4 ;g ∂kafr Fh4
8iyIw9 uke dk vFZ gqvk ∂kafr4 Sd c\Lh viwoZ ∂kafr gqB4 ;g uke Hh c\Lk î;k
jk g,4 vlyh uke dk rks dqN irk ugC g,4 vlyh uke ;kuh eka7cki us tks fn;

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k Fk] ml uke dk rks dqN irk ugC g,4 xqQ us tks uke fn;k Fk] og ;g Fk4
vk,j xqQ us [wc î;kjk uke fn;k2 c\Lk lkadsfrd uke fn;k4 nks7nks pkj7pkj i,ls
ds fyS nqdku djrs jgs gkXxs vk,j tc iyI xS rks Sslh ∂kafr ?Ih2
iafLr7iqjksfgr rks cgqr ukjkt gqS4 iafLr7iqjksfgr lnk gh ukjkt jgs gT bl rjg
iyI tkus okys yksxkX ls4 D;kXfd bl rjg iyI tkusokys yksx muds /a/s ij pks
I djus yxrs gT4 vc tks rqfj;k csprk gks cktkj eX] lekf/ cspus yxs] iafLr7iq
jksfgr rks mlls ijs'ku gks tkSaxs6 muds ikl rks lekf/ dk /u ugC g, cspus d
ks4 os rks dksjs] m/kj] ckls 'çn csp jgs gT4 vk,j ;gka dksB rktk >juk ysdj vk
x;k g,] ftlds izk<kX eX uS Gwy f[y jgs gT4 vk,j rkts Hhrj f[yrs dey cs
pus yxk g,4 rks rqégkjs ckls dey vk,j lfn;kX ls l\Ls dey dk,u [jhnsxk2 rks
eafnj7ef¬tn lnk ukjkt gks tkrs gT lar ij4
iafLr7iqjksfgr rks cgqr ukjkt Fs4 ysfdu ftuds ikl vka[X FC] mudh Hh\L vkus
yxh4 nwj7nwj izkarkX ls yksx vkus yxs4
dgk g, iyIw usA
8y, y, HXI vehj] uke dk rst fojktk4
y, y, HXI vehj] uke dk rst fojktk4
lc dksB jxjs ukd] vkbd, ijtk jktk449
iyIw us dgk A ;g Hh [wc gqvk4 eT lk/kj< nqdkunkj] \tjk jke ds uke ls D;k
tq\L x;k fd vlk/kj< gks x;k2 eT nks dk,\Lh dk vkneh] jke7uke ls D;k Hj
x;k fd cgqew¥; j®u gks x;k2
8y, y, HXI vehj] uke dk rst fojktk29 c\Ls7c\Ls /uh dherh cgqew¥; HXIX ysdj
esjs }kj ij vkus yxs2 uke dk rst fojktk2
ysfdu iyIw ;g ugC dgrs fd esjh dksB [wch g,3ml izHq dk rst] ml izHq dh
ped eq>eX vk xB] og esjh vka[kX ls >kad jgk g,2 mldh gh [wch g,2
8lc dksB jxjs ukd] vkbd, ijtk7jktk29 vk,j iztk ls Hh yksx vkus yxs vk,j c\
Ls jktk vk,j lezkI Hh vkus yxs4
8fcu yldj fcu Gk,t] eqyqd eX fGjh nqgkB49 u dksB Gk,t7GkaIk g, vius ikl3
iyIw dgrs gT3u vius ikl dksB vk,j mik; g,4
8fcu yldj fcu Gk,t] eqyqd eX fGjh nqgkB49 ysfdu lkjs ns' eX gok xje gks
xB] lkjs ns' eX [cjX igqapus yxC4 ;g tks lqxa/ i,nk gqB] bl lqxa/ ds /kxs nwj
7nwj rd pys xS4 vk,j tc ;g lqxa/ i,nk gksrh g, rks ;g lc nhokykX dks ikj
djds fudy tkrh g,] lc lhekvkX dks ikj djds fudy tkrh g,4 nwj7nwj vKkr

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¬FkukX ls yksx py dj vkus yxrs gT4 dksB vKkr 'fDr mügX cqykus yxrh g,]
iqdkjus yxrh g,4
8tu efgek lruke] vkiqeX ljl c\LkB49
rks iyIw dgrs gT] [wc jgh ;g ckr2 8tu efgek lruke9~ ~ ~ ns[ks ;g lruk
e dh efgek] iyIw t,lk xjhc cfu;k jke dk eksnh gks x;k4
8lRuke ds fygs ls iyIw H;k xaHhj4
gkF tksfj vkxs feyX] y, y, HXI vehj449
ftuds n'Zu gksus eqfædy Fs] ftuds }kj ij iyIw tkrs rks }kj u [qyrs~~~83lR
uke ds fygs ls iyIw H;k xaHhj29 vk,j Sslh xgjkB vk xB iyIw eX flGZ lruk
e ds ysus ls] Ohd7Ohd ¬ej< dj ysus ls izHq dk2 ikjl dks Nw fy;k] yksgk lks
uk gks x;k4 ftuds }kj7njokts can Fs] os c\Lh7c\Lh HXIX ysdj }kj ij vkus yxs4
muds HkB iyIwizlkn us iyIw ds laca/ eX dqN opu fy[s gTA
8uaxk tykyiqj tüe H;ks g,] cl, vo/ ds [ksj4
dgT iyIwizlkn gks] H;ks txr. eX lksj449
xjhc xkao eX i,nk gqS Fs] uke gh Fk A uaxk tykyiqj4 rqe lksp gh ldrs gks A
8uaxk tykyiqj92 xjhckX dk xkao gksxk] fc¥dqy uaxkX dk xkao gksxk4 8uaxk tyky
iqj tüe H;ks g,9~ ~ ~ v®;ar xjhc ?j eX i,nk gqS~ ~ ~8cl, vo/ ds [ksj9 ~ ~
~fGj tk dj v;ks÷;k eX cl xS4 ;g c\Lk izrhdk®ed g,4 i,nk gqS Sd xjhc7ls
7xkao eX] fGj jke dh uxjh v;ks÷;k eX cl xS4 x1g¬F i,nk gqS Fs] fGj laü;¬r
gks xS4 /u] in] en eX Lwcs Fs3fGj Sd fnu jke dh efgek eX mrj xS4
8uaxk tykyiqj tüe H;ks g,] cl, vo/ ds [ksj4
dgT iyIwizlkn gks] H;ks txr. eX lksj44
pkj cju dks esfIds HfDr pykB ewy49
lc feIk Lkyk3czk‰<] {f_;] o,æ;] 'w–] pkjkX o<Z feIk fnS4 HfDr eX lc f
eI tkrs gT4 laü;klh dk dksB o<Z ugC gksrk4 laü;klh jaxkX ds ikj gks tkrk g,]
PaxkX ds ikj gks tkrk g,4 laü;klh ijek®ek dk gks tkrk g,4 ijek®ek dk rks dksB
o<Z ugC] blfyS laü;klh dk Hh dksB o<Z ugC gksrk4 x1g¬F ds o<Z gkssrs gT] D
;kXfd x1g¬F ds Pax gksrs gT4 x1g¬F lalkj eX gksrk g,4

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8pkj cju dks esfIds HfDr pykB ewy4
xqQ xksVon ds ckx eX iyIw Gwys Gwy449

og tks xksVon dk ckx Fk~ ~ ~xqQ xksVon ds ckx eX iyIw Gwys Gwy4 vk,j ;g iy
Iw uke dk Gwy xqQ ds cxhps eX f[yk4
8lgt tykyiqj ewaL eqaLk;k] vo/ rqLh dj /fu;ka4
lgt djT ø;ksikj ?Ifg eT iyIw fuxqZu cfu;ka449

8lgt tykyiqj ewaL eqaLk;k9~ ~ ~ ~4 8lgt9 'çn ij ÷;ku nsuk4 larkX dh lkjh
izf∂;k lgt g,6 ps‘Ik ls ugC] cks/ ls g,] le> ls g,4 ftl fnu ckr le> eX
vk xB] ml fnu flj eqaLk fy;k] laü;klh gks xS4 Ssls iyIs] {< eX iyIs4 lg
t tykyiqj ewaL eqaLk;k~ ~ ~4 bleX dksB vk;kstuk ugC Fh] dksB cgqr fnu lksp
7fopkj ugC fd;k Fk4 dqN fglkc7fdrkc ugC cka/k Fk fd iq≤;7ykH gksxk] ¬o
xZ tkSaxs] ijyksd feysxk] dqN ugC Fk4 ckr fn[kB i\L xB fd bl lalkj eX dq
N Hh ugC g,4 izrhd7Wi flj eqaLk fy;k4 rks tykyiqj eX gh flj eqaLk fy;k4 c
ktkj eX gh flj eqaLkuk i\Lrk g,4
8vo/ rqLh dj /fu;ka94 fGj vo/ igqap dj og tks tusM igus gqS Fs] 8dj/f
u;ka9] og Hh rks\L dj fxjk fn;k4 tc jke ds uxj igqap xS] ogka d,lk o<Z2
fGj d,lk ozr2 fGj dk,u Vgnw dk,u eqlyeku2 fGj d,lk tusM2 fGj lkjs fu;e
rks\L dj fxjk fnS4 fu;e ek_ ls eqDr gks xS4 vozrh gks xS4
8vo/ rqLh dj/fu;ka9~~~4 vk,j ÷;ku j[uk] jke dh v;ks÷;k eX mügC dk izos'
g, tks u Vgnw gkX u eqlyeku gkX] u czk‰< gkX u 'w– gkssa4 mügC dk izos' g, tks
o<Z dks Nks\L nX4 mügC dk izos' g, tks lkjs fu;e b®;kfn] tks lekt vk,j thou
ds fyS tWjh gT] muds ikj gks tkSa4 vfr∂e< djX] os gh v;ks÷;k eX izfo‘I
gksrs gT4
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jgk ugC] vc rks Hhrj dk gh ø;kikj cpk4 lgt djT ø;ksikj ?Ifg eT~~ ~ ~ v
c rks Hhrj gh Hhrj py jgk g, lc3ysuk Hh] nsuk Hh4 xzkgd Hh Hhrj] nqdk
unkj Hh Hhrj4 lgt djT ø;ksikj ?Ifg eT iyIw fuxqZu cfu;ka4 Fs rks cfu;k] v
c fuxqZ< gks xS4 vc fujkdkj gks xS4
cl blls †;knk iyIwnkl ds laca/ eX vk,j dqN Kkr ugC g,4
vafre ckr] fGj ge muds inkX eX mrjX3
'çn muds] iyIw ds] Ohd o,ls gh vk≈us; gT] vf≈ue; gT t,ls dchj ds4 c\Ls Maps
?kI ds 'çn gT vk,j c\Ls pksI j[usokys 'çn gTa4 Ohd vxj dchj ds lkF fdlh
nwljs dks ge [\Lk dj ldX] rks iyIw4 blfyS] larkX eX ;g ckr dgh tkrh jg

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h fd iyIw nwljs dchj gT4 bleX dksB vfr';ksfDr ugC g,4 rqe tc muds inkX eX
mrjksxs] rqe Hh ikvksxs4 c\Lh Maph ckr vk,j c\Lh lpksI g,4 Ôn; eX mrj tkS
] rqégkjs iksj7iksj eX Hj tkS3Sslh ckr g,4 jliw<Z Hh mruh gh ftruh lpksI4
e¬rh Hh mruh gh] t,lh dchj dh4 Sd7Sd 'çn ls [wc 'jkc >jrh g,2 Lqcd
h ysuk4
8uko feyh dsoI ugC] d,ls mrj, ikj44
d,ls mrj, ikj ifFd foæokl u vko,4
yx, ugC c,jkx ;kj d,ls d, iko,44
eu eX /j, u ≈;ku] ugC lrlaxfr jguh4
ckr dj, uVg dku] izhfr fcu t,lh dguh44
NwfI Lxefx ukVg] lar dks opu u eku,4
ewj[ rt, foosd] prqjB viuh vku,44
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uko feyh dsoI ugC] d,ls mrj, ikj449
le>ks2 uko rks fey ldrh g,4 uko rks eqnkZ g,4 ysfdu tc rd ek>h u feys]
uko ls dke u gksxk4 rqégX unh ikj djuh g,] uko rks fey ldrh g,] D;kXfd ek
>h Hh uko dks rks fdukjs ij gh cka/ dj ?j pyk tkrk g, jkr4 vk/h jkr H
h fey ldrh g,4 exj rqe uko ls rks unh ikj rks u dj ldksxs4 ek>h pkfgS4
dsoI pkfgS4
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ey tkrs gT] j[s gT4 ln.xqQ pys tkrs gT] 'k¬_ rks jg tkrs gT4 t,ls uko ca/h j
g tkrh g, unh7fdukjs ij vk,j ek>h ?j pyk x;k fd lks x;k4 rks uko rks d
Hh Hh fey ldrh g,4 uko dh rks dksB v\Lpu ugC g,4
iyIw dgrs gTA uko feyh dsoI ugC] d,ls mrj, ikj4 ikj mrjuk d,ls gksxk` dks
B uD'k ikl ugC g,] dksB ekxZn'Zd ikl ugC g,4 dksB fn'k dk cks/ ugC g,4 d
k,u ys tkSxk` dk,u lkF nsxk` dk,u lgkjk nsxk` dksB pkfgS thoar4 'k¬_ vi
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dk rqe tks vFZ djksxs og rqégkjk gksxk4 uko dHh pykB u gks vk,j rqe uko
pykvksxs rks Lwcus dh gh †;knk laHkouk g, ctk; mcj tkus ds4 Hhrj dk vuqH
o u gqvk gks rks ckgj ds 'çnkX ls rqe fdlh Hh rjg Hhrj dh izrhfr u dj
ldksxs4 'k¬_ eX lc j[k g,] ysfdu dk,u trkSxk] dk,u fn[kSxk] dk,u txkSxk
] dk,u psrkSxk vFZ dks`
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gT4 ysfdu mu fp„ksa dks dksB [ksyusokyk pkfgS4
blfyS lkjs larkX us ln.xqQ ij cgqr tksj fn;k g,3'k¬_ ls †;knk tksj fn;k g,4
ln.xqQ fey x;k rks 'k¬_ fey x;k4 uko u Hh gks rks Hh vxj ek>h fey tk
S rks dksB mik; [kst ysxk3rqégX unh ds ikj ys tkus dk6 'k;n da/s ij fcOk
dj ys tkS4 ;k gks ldrk g, r,juk fl[k ns] rks rqe [qn gh r,j tkvks4 ;k gks
ldrk g,] yDd\L dks cka/ dj NksIh7eksIh uko cuk ys4 ysfdu dksB pkfgS tks nw
ljs fdukjs ls ifjfpr gks4
ln.xqQ dk vFZ gksrk g, A bl fdukjs] ml fdukjs dks tkuus okyk fey tkS4 bl
txr. eX ml txr. dh igpku okyk fey tkS4 [\Lk rks gks cktkj eX] ysfdu
vuqHo mls ijek®ek dk gks4 [\Lk rks gks rqégkjs lkF rqégkjs t,lk gh] ysfdu dq
N gks mlds Hhrj tks rqe t,lk u gks6 ftlus thou dh lkjh xgjkb;ka ns[h gkX]
igpkuh gkX4
dchj us dgk A dchjk [\Lk cktkj eX] fyS yqdkOh gkF4 cktkj eX [\Lk gwa] fy
S yqdkOh gkF4 yØ fyS [\Lk gwa4 gks ftldh fgéer vk tkS] rks mldk flj f
xjk nwa4 gks ftldh fgéer rks py i\Ls lkF4 ?j tks ckjs vkiuk] pys gekjs lk
F2 tks rqeus ?j le> j[k g,] tks Hh rqeus ?j le> j[k g,] tgka7tgka rqeus
eksg cuk j[k g, vk,j tgka7tgka rqeus vius jkx tks\L j[s gT vk,j pkgr ds lius
clk j[s gT3mu lcdks tykus dks tks r,;kj gks og gekjs lkF pys4
dchj dgrs gTA cktkj eX vk dj [\Lk gks x;k gwa4 r,;kjh iwjh g, ml rjG ds p
yus dh4 ftudh fgéer gks os esjs ihNs vk tkSa4
dksB pkfgS tks Ohd lalkj eX [\Lk gks vk,j lalkj ftlds Hhrj u gks4 mlh dks
ln.xqQ dgrs gT4
d,ls mrj, ikj] ifFd foæokl u vko,49
vk¬Fk d,ls vkS 'k¬_ ij` dksB le>kusokyk ugC g,4 'k¬_ eX fdruk gh IIksy
ks] dkxt vk,j ¬;kgh ds vfrfjDr dqN feyrk ugC4 dksB Ôn; dh /\Ldu ugC
g,4 d,ls vkos foæokl` 'k¬_ ftlus fy[k g,] mlus lp dks tku dj fy[k gksxk
fd d¥iukvkX dk tky jpk g,3d,ls vkos foæokl`

vtgw psr xaokj
ln.xqQ dks rks rqe Hhrj >kad ldrs gks ln.xqQ ds rks ikl c,O ldrs gks4 ln.xqQ
ds lkF rks varj dk laca/ tks\L ldrs gks4 ln.xqQ ds lkF rks /hjs7/hjs mldk ø
;ogkj] mldk mOuk] mldk c,Ouk] mldk cksyuk] mldk ek,u3bu lcls rqe /
hjs7/hjs vuqeku Hh yxk ldrs gks fd D;k ?Ik g,4 ysfdu 'k¬_ eX rks vuqeku
dks Hh dksB txg ugC4 'k¬_ rks fc¥dqy eqnkZ g,4 ;g rks Sslk gh g, 'k¬_] t,lk
fdlh dcz ds ikl pDdj yxkrs jgks4 dqN irk u pysxk fd dk,u lks;k g, Hahr
j3l®iqQ" lks;k fd vl®iqQ" lks;k6 tkxk gqvk lks;k fd lks;k gqvk gh lks;k`
dqN irk u pysxk dcz ds ikl4 dczX rks Sc Sd t,lh gT4
cgqr ckj Sslk gks tkrk g, fd c\Ls lqanj in jpusokys yksxkssa ds ikl tc rqe tk
vksxs] rc rqégX irk pysxk fd os in dksjs in gT] muds Hhrj dksB izk< ugC g,4
blfyS dgrs gT fd lk/kj<rA vxj fdlh dfo dh dfork rqégX vπNh yxs rks
dfo ds ikl er tkuk6 tkvksxs rks Hze IwI tkSxk4 D;kXfd dfo dsoy dforkSa
fy[rs gT] muds thou eX dkø; dh /qu ugC gksrh4 rks dfork eX rks gks ldrk
g, c\Lh Maph m\Lku gks] vkdk' [qyrk gks6 vk,j tc rqe tkvks dfo dks feyus
rks og fdlh 'jkc7?j eX xkyh cdrs fey tkSa4 rks rqégX c\Lh ih\Lk gksxh4 'k;
n dkø; eX rks Sslh lqxa/ gks] 'çnkX dh lqxa/] 'çnkX dh y;c0rk Sd Sslh lqxa
/ dk Hze i,nk djrh gks6 ysfdu tc rqe dfo dks tk dj ns[ks rks rqe ikvksxsA
og rqels x;k7chrk vkneh g,4 'çn rks >wOs Hh gks ldrs gT] /ks[s ds Hh gks l
drs gT4 'çn rks dsoy tky gks ldrs gT6 rdZ dh ø;o¬Fk gks ldrs gT4 'çn eX
dsoy Hk"k dk lkTn;Z gks ldrk g,4 'çn dks d,ls ij[ksxs] dlk,Ih D;k gksxh`
;g rks Sslk gh le>ks fd Sd dkxt ij fy[k g, 8lksuk9] rqégkjs ikl ekuk fd
lkssus dks dlus dk i®Fj g,3D;k rqe lksprs gks ftl dkxt ij fy[k g, 8lksuk9
] bldks rqe dl yksxs lksus ds i®Fj ij` D;k dlksxs` dkxt rks dkxt g,] lks
uk fy[k gks fd feÈh cjkcj g,4 dksB fu'ku u NwIsxk4 lkssus dks dlusokyk i®F
j gkF eX j[s c,Os jgks rks dksB fu'ku ugC NwIsxk4 lksuk pkfgS38lksuk9 'çn ls
ugC gksxk4
ln.xqQ dk vFZ gksrk g,A tgka mik; g, dl ysus dk4 blfyS iyIw dgrs gTA d,ls
mrj, ikj] ifFd foæokl u vko,4 ;g uko rks ca/h g,] ysfdu ;g ys tkSxh fd
LqckSxh` ;g uko rks ca/h g,] dksB dHh bls ml ikj ys Hh x;k g, ;k ugC]
;k cuk dj blh ikj j[h xB g,` dksB bl uko ls dHh ikj Hh gqvk g,` uko
rks tWj ca/h g,2 ysfdu bl uko dks nwljs ikj dk dksB vuqHo g,` blus
dHh dksB ;k_k dh g,` Ny7fN– ls u Hjh gks4 Lqck u ns4 dgC ea>/kj eX /ks
[k u ns tkS4
8d,ls mrj, ikj] ifFd foæokl u vko,94

vtgw psr xaokj
foæokl vk gh ugC ldrk 'k¬_ ij4 blfyS nqfu;k eX brus foæoklh fn[rs gT
vk,j fGj Hh foæokl ugC g,4 dksB Vgnw g,] dksB eqlyeku g,] dksB BlkB g,] dks
B t,u] dksB ck,03brus yksx gT vk,j lHh dqN u dqN foæokl djrs gT4 ysfdu
rqégX foæoklh vkneh feyrk g, dgC` dksB vka[X fn[rh gT ftueX vk¬Fk ds nhS
ty jgs gkX` rqégX dgC dksB Ôn; dh /\Ldu lqukB i\Lrh g, ftleX J0k dk ¬
oj gks` lc rjG vJ0k g,4 lc rjG vuk¬Fk g,4 lc rjG vfoæokl g,4 lansg
dh nqxΩ/ ls Hjh g, i1ƒoh4 vk,j brus foæoklh yksx2 tWj dgC dqN Hwy7pwd g
ks jgh g,4
uko ij foæokl ugC vk ldrk4 eksgéen fey tkrs rks etk vk tkrk6 ysfdu
dqjku feyh rqégX] rqégkjk nqHkZ≈;4 Î‘< fey tkrs rks e¬rh Nk tkrh4 Î‘< dh
ek,twnxh Hjkslk i,nk djokrh g,4 ek,twnxh ds vykok vk,j dksB mik; ugC g,4
Î‘< dh ek,twnxh eX r®{< rqe Hh m\Luk 'qW dj nsrs gks4 Î‘< tc ia[ ilkj
rs gT] rqégX Hh vius fNis gqS ia[kX dh ;kn vk tkrh g,4 Î‘< dk Sd7Sd 'çn
rqégkjs Ôn; eX lksB gqB vk®ek dks txkus yxrk g,4 tkxzr 'çn gh txk ldrk
g,4 Î‘< feyrs rks lk,Hk≈;] ysfdu rqe xhrk fyS c,Os gks4 rqe rksrkX dh rjg
xhrk daO¬F dj yksxs4 nksgjkrs jgksxs] nksgjkrs7nksgjkrs ej tkvksxs4 uko ca/h jgs
xh] rqe uko dh iwtk djrs7djrs ej tkvksxs6 ysfdu iwtk djus ls dksB ml ikj
ugC tkrk] uko eX ;k_k djuh gksrh g,4
yksx 'k¬_kX dh iwtk dj jgs gT4 c\Lk fuoZpu gksrk g, 'k¬_kX dk] ø;k“;k gksrh g,
'k¬_kssa dh6 ysfdu tks ml ikj u x;k gks6 mlds fuoZpu dk Hh dksB ew¥; ugC
g,4 mldh ø;k“;k dk Hh dksB ew¥; ugC g,4
iafLr lg;ksxh ugC gks ldrk3dsoy Kkuh gh lg;ksxh gks ldrk g,4 vk,j fcuk f
oæokl ds rks dqN Hh ugC gksrk4 ;g rks ;k_k gh fu¬lafn≈/ eu ls gks rks gh gks
rh g,4 lansg rks Sslk gh g, t,ls uko eX Nsn gkX4 Nsn fn[kB i\L jgk g, uko eX]
rqe d,ls c,Oksxs` uko eX ikuh Hjk tk jgk g,] ca/h7ca/kB uko eX ikuh Hjk tk
jgk g,3rqe d,ls c,Oksxs` vk¬Fk rks gksuh pkfgS lkG fd uko Lwcsxh ughsa4 tc rq
e ukfod dks uko eX ns[rs gks] mldh etcwr dykb;kX dks ns[rs gks] mlds gkF
eX irokj dks ns[rs gks] mlds gkF eX irokj ds xØs ns[rs gks] mlds psgjs ij
gtkj7gtkj lwjt dh /wi fudyh g,] uko bl ikj ls ml ikj gksrh jgh g,3tc
rqégX ;g lkjh ckr fn[kB i\L tkrh g, fd dksB e¥ykg ek,twn g,] dksB ukfod
ek,twn g,] dksB dsoI ek,twn g,] rks vk¬Fk i,nk gksrh g,4 rc fGj uko eX vxj Ns
n gks rks Hh fG∂ ugC6 ;g e¥ykg mldh Hh Vprk dj ysxk4 fGj rqégX nwljs f
dukjs dk Hjkslk fnykus ds fyS >wOh ckrkX dh tWjr ugC g,4 bldh vka[ i;kZî
r g,4 rqe bldh vka[ eX >kadksxs] rqégX nwljk fdukjk fn[kB i\L tkSxk4 blds
Ôn; dh /\Ldu dkGh g,4 rqe \tjk ikl c,O dj bldh /\Ldu dk xhr lquksxs
rks vk¬Fk i,nk gks tkSxh4

vtgw psr xaokj
blfyS cq0 ds ikl ;k ukud ds ikl ;k dchj ds ikl ;k iyIw ds ikl vk¬Fk
dk tüe gksrk g,4 vk¬Fk lnk thoar ø;fDr ds ikl gh tkxrh g,4 cq>s nh;kX ls
rqe vius cq>s nhS dks tykvksxs Hh rks d,ls tykvksxs` dksB tyk nh;k pkfgS4
mlds ikl tkvksxs rks †;ksfr Sd >iI eX rqégkjh cq>h ckrh dks id\L ysxh4
d,ls mrj, ikj] ifFd foæokl u vko,4
yx, ugC c,jkx ;kj d,ls d, iko,449
;g tks o,jk≈; g,] ;g tc rd dksB î;kjk u fey tkS] dksB ;kj u fey tkS3
ftldks cq0 us d¥;k<fe_ dgk g,] mlh dks iyIw ;kj dg jgs gT3tc rd dksB
;kj u fey tkS] tc rd rqe mldh ;kjh eX Lqcdh u yks] tc rd dksB d¥
;k<fe_ u fey tkS] tc rd dksB izseh u fey tkS~ ~ ~ ~xqQ ;kuh izseh4
ijek®ek dk rks rqégX irk ugC g,4 ijek®ek rks cgqr nwj dk fdukjk g,4 ysfdu
ijek®ek eX gks dj dksB vk;k gks] Sslk tc rd ;kj u fey tkS3yx, ugC c,j
kx ;kj d,ls d, iko,3rc rd o,jk≈; dk jax ugC yxrk4 rc rd rqe ckrX o,jk≈
; dh djrs jgks] rc rd laü;kl dk jax ugC yxrk4
tks [qn jaxk gks] ogh rqégX jax ldsxk4 tks [qn Lwck gks] ogh rqégX Lqck ldsxk4
'jkch ds ikl c,Oksxs rks mlds eqag ls 'jkc dh xa/ vkrh g,4 iDdk irk gks tk
rk g,4 fGj mldh e¬rh fn[kB i\Lrh g,] mlds i,j Lksyrs ekywe i\Lrs gT4 dgC
j[rk i,j vk,j dgC i\Lrs gT4 'jkc ds fyS dksB izek<i_ Fks\Ls gh [kstus i\Lrs
gT6 'jkch dh pky crk nsrh g, fd izek<i_ g,4 'jkch dk jax7Pax crk nsrk g,4
vk,j tc ;kj fey tkrk g, vk,j ;kjh te tkrh g,3;gh rks f'‘; vk,j xqQ dk
feyu g,A ;kjh dk te tkuk4 tc nks Ôn;kssa ds chp Sslk izse id\L tkrk g, f
d rqégX yxrk g, fd ;g nwljs fdukjs gks vk;k] ;g Hjkslk t,ls7t,ls c\Pus yxrk
g,] o,ls7o,ls nwljk fdukjk djhc vkus yxrk g,4
8yx, ugC c,jkx] ;kj d,ls d, iko,49
rks uko rks i\Lh g,] ysfdu bleX ;kj rks c,Ok ugC4 'k¬_ rks j[k g,] ysfdu 'k¬
rk ek,twn ugC g,4
8eu eX /j, u ≈;ku] ugC lrlaxfr jguh49
blfyS dgrs gT fd rqe tc rd l®laxfr u [kstksxs] rc rd fdruk gh i\Pks]
fdruk gh fy[ks] fdruk gh ¬e1fr dks izkaty djks] Hjks3dqN lkj u gksxk4

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yksx Ssls gT fd eu eX /kj< ugC djrs gT] cl dsoy ¬e1fr eX Hjrs gT4 bl GdZ
dks le>ks4 esjh ckr rqeus lquh] rqe ml ckr ds lkF nks dke dj ldrs gks4
esjh ckr lquh] r®{< mls ¬e1fr eX j[ fy;k] Gkby fd;k] dgk fd dHh tWj
r gksxh rks dke eX ys vkSaxs6 fdlh dks le>kuk gksxk rks le>k nXxs6 dksB iwNsx
k vFZ rks crk nXxs4 rqe vius dke eX ugC ykS4 rqeus j[ nh fd fdlh vk,j ds
dke vk tkSxh4 vf/drj rqégkjk Kku Sslk gh g,4
Sd nwljh ckr g,] Sd nwljk Pax g,3 ok¬rfod Pax3fd rqeus ckr dks le>k v
k,j ih xS vk,j ipk xS4 og rqégkjs ekal7e†tk eX lek xB4 rqeus ¬e1fr u cuk
B4 rqeus mldk thou cuk fy;k4
8eu eX /j, u ≈;ku9~ ~ ~ vf/d yksx Ssls gT fd eu eX Kku dks bl rjg ipkrs
ugC6 cl iafLr jg tkrs gT4 iafLr3vip4 iafLr dk vFZ gksrk g,A ftlus [k;k
rks] ysfdu ipk;k ugC6 ftlus Hkstu rks dj fy;k ysfdu ekal7e†tk u cuh4
blls chekjh i,nk gksxh4 blls oeu gksxk4 blls n¬r vkSaxs4 blls 'jhj ¬o¬F
ugC gksxk4 blls 'jhj dks uqdlku igqapusokyk g,4
vk,j t,ls 'jhj dk Hkstu g,] Ssls gh vk®ek dk Hkstu g, Kku4 ipkvks
8eu eX /j, u ≈;ku] ugC l®laxfr jguh49
vk,j tc rd rqe l®laxfr eX u tkvksxs rc rd rqe le> gh u ikvksxs fd ;s
nks phtX gT3eu eX /juk] ipkuk] ;k ¬e1fr eX j[uk4
'k¬_ dsoy ¬e1fr eX j[k tk ldrk g,4 ln.xqQ gh dsoy eu eX /jk tk ldrk
g,4 'k¬_ rks dsoy rqégkjh tkudkjh cusxh4 rqégX irk gks tkrk g,A osn D;k dg
rs gT Bæoj ds laca/ eX4 exj Bæoj D;k g,`~ ~ ~ mifu"n D;k dgrs gT Bæoj
ds laca/ eX4 ysfdu laca/ eX tku ysuk Bæoj dks tku ysuk rks ugC4 Bæoj dks t
kuuk rks ckr vk,j g,4
fcuk izse fdS rqe izse ds laca/ eX cgqr dqN tku ys ldrs gks4 iq¬rdky;kX eX f
drkcX izse ij fy[h j[h gT] rqe tk dj lc v÷;;u dj yks4 rqeus dHh izse
ugC fd;k] izse ds laca/ eX rks tku yksxs6 ysfdu blls D;k rqégX izse dk \tjk7lk
Hh jl vkSxk` izse ds ve1r dh Sd cwan Hh rqégkjh thH ij i\Lsxh` ¬okn v
kSxk` ugC] rqe iafLr gks tkvksxs4 pkgks rks Fhfll fy[ks] dksB ;wfuo√lIh rqégX
LkDIjsI ns nsxh4 ;wfuo√lIh ;gh dke djrh g,4 rqe c\Ls Kkuh gks tkvksxs4 'k¬
_ fy[ ldrs gks4 ;g rqégkjk 'k¬_ oeu gksxk4 igys rqe 'k¬_ dks ih xS] i
pk ugC6 vc mldk oeu dj fn;k6 nwljkX dh [ksi\Lh ij Lky fn;k4
ysfdu ln.xqQ ds fcuk nwljh ?Iuk ugC ?Irh4 nwljh ?Iuk dk vFZ g,] tc rqe
fdlh ds lkF vius thou dk /kxk tks\L nsrs gks6 tc rqe fdlh ds lkF viuh
xkaO cka/ ysrs gks4 t,ls fookg2 t,ls fdlh ds lkF Gsjs i\L xS4 blfyS rks 8;k

vtgw psr xaokj
j9 dgrs gT iyIw4 ;g izse dk fookg g,4 f'‘; fookfgr gks x;k xqQ ls4 vc nks
ukX Sd gks xS] jp7ip xS4 rHh ikpu 'qW gksrk g,4
l®laxfr ds fcuk ugC gks ikSxk] eu eX Kku ugC izfo‘I gksxk4
8ckr dj, uVg dku] izhfr fcu t,lh dguh49
vk,j rqe rks Ssls gks fd lqurs Hh gks] rks Hh dgka lqurs gks2 i\Prs Hh gks rks dg
ka i\Prs gks2 igys rks 'k¬_ eqnkZ] eqn∆ dks rks i\P jgs gks vk,j fGj Hh dgka i\Prs
gks2 i\Puk Hh Sslk gh g,4 eu gtkj dke vk,j djrk g,4 Sd rks iafLr dks lquus
tkrs vk,j mldks Hh dgka lqurs gks2 rks igys rks iafLr lqurs] rks Hh rks 'k;n
gh dksB ykH gksuk Fk6 fGj mldks Hh dgka lqurs gks2 iafLr cksys tkrk g,] rqe
dqN7dqN lksps tkrs gks4 ;g rks rHh gks ikSxk] ;g lquuk rks rHh gks ikSxk]
tc eu dk jkx c,O tkS6 tc eu Sd izse eX i\L tkS4
izse ds vfrfjDr dksB Jo< ugC g,4
rks ;kjh igys cuuh pkfgS4 izse igys cuuk pkfgS] rc Kku4 izse ds ihNs vkr
k g, Kku4 vk,j ftlus lkspk fd Kku ds ihNs izse vkSxk og Hwy eX i\Lk4 mlus
c,y ihNs cka/ fnS xk\Lh ds4 ;s xk\Lh vc dgC tkSxh ugC4 izse igys vkrk g,4
Hko igys vkrk g,4 Ôn; igys vkrk g,3 rc flj4 ftlus lkspk fd igys flj]
fGj Ôn; dks ys vkSaxs] og dHh Hh ugC yk ikSxk4 D;kXfd flj rks Ôn; ds f
[ykG g, vk,j Ôn; dks dHh mexus u nsxk4 flj rks lansg g,4 vk,j Ôn; g, vk¬
Fk] J0k4 flj rks gtkj mik; djsxk lansg [\Ls djus ds4 flj eX rks lansg gh
yxrk g,4 flj ls dHh J0k ugC gksrh4 J0k Ôn; ls gksrh g,4 ljyfpRrk pkf
gS4 fouezrk pkfgS4 vd\L dk vHko pkfgS4 izse eX i\Lus dh fgéer pkfgS4
8ckr dj, uVg dku] izhfr fcu t,lh dguh49
fcuk izse ds lc dguk ø;FZ g,6 lc lquuk ø;FZ g,4
8yx, ugC c,jkx] ;kj d,ls d, iko,4
NwfI Lxexh ukVg] lar dks opu u eku,49
Lxexh yxh jgrh g, flj eX rks] flj rks nqfo/k ls Hjk jgrk g,4 flj rks dgr
k g, irk ugC gks Ohd] u gks Ohd] Sslk gks o,lk gks3flj rks gtkj ckrX mOkrk
g,4 flj dk rks dke gh ;gh g,] fd og lansg [\Lk djrk g,4 t,ls o1{kX eX iRsa y
xrs gT] Ssls flj eX lansg yxrs gT4

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8NwfI Lxexh ukVg~ ~ ~ ~ Lxex gksrk jgrk g, lc flj ds Hhrj rks4 flj dHh
vdai ugC gkssrk4 flj rks dairk gh jgrk g,4 ogka Hwdai pyrk gh jgrk g,4 o
gka Hwdai dHh can ugC gksrk4 Ôn; eX dHh dai ugC gksrk4 Ôn; fu‘dai g,4 og
ka Hwdai tkrk gh ugC4 tks Ôn; eX igqap x;k] og daiu ds ikj gks tkrk g,4 og
ka lansg i,nk ugC gksrs4 ogka J0k ds dqlqe yxrs gT4 ogka vk¬Fk ds dey f[yrs
gT4 vk,j lkjk thou Wikarfjr gks tkrk g,4
8NwfI Lxexh ukVg] lar dks opu u eku,49
vk,j Lxexh u NwIs rks lar dk opu d,ls ekuksxs` lar ds ikl Hh igqap xS Hwy
7pwd ls] la;ksxo'kr] rks eku u ldksxs6 flj chp eX vk\Ls vk tkSxk] i®Fj d
h rjg [\Lk gks tkSxk] v\Lpu cu tkSxk4 lar dk >juk Hh cgrk gksxk rks rq
égkjs Ôn; rd ugC igqap ikSxk4 flj dks mrkj dj j[uk gksrk g,4
dchj us dgk g,A vxj vkuk gks esjs ikl rks flj dks mrkj dj tehu ij j[
ns4 flj dks j[, mrkj2
8NwfI Lxexh ukVg lar dks opu u eku,4
ewj[ rt, foosd] prqjB viuh vku,449
vk,j ew[Z dh c\Lh ew[Zrk ;g g, fd og lksprk g, fd eT c\Lk prqj4 ew[Z dh ew[Z
rk dks cpkus dk ;gh mik; g, fd og lksprk g, eT c\Lk prqj4 og dgrk g,] Ss
ls ge fdlh dh ckrkX eX vkusokys] fd Ssls ge fdlh ij J0k ykusokys] fd Ssls
ge léeksfgr gksusokys ugC gT] ge rks lksp7fopkj djXxs4 ge rks lc rjg dk
fglkc7fdrkc yxkSaxs2 Ssls izse eX i\L tkSa` ge Ssls ukle> ugC gT] ge c\Ls
prqj gT2
iyIw dgrs gTA 8ewj[ rt, foosd] prqjB viuh vku,49 blh viuh prqjkB eX fo
osd dk volj [ks nsrk g,4
vk,j foosd vk,j prqjkB eX c\Lk GdZ g,4 prqjkB flGZ ew\Prk g,4 foosd rqégkjh v
k®ek dk tkxj< g,4 ysfdu tkxs gqS ls tq\Lks rks tkxksxs4 vk,j ;g prqjkB rqégX
tkxs gqS ls tq\Lus ugC nsrh4 cq>k gqvk nh;k prqjkB ls Hjk g,] Lxex gks jgk g,
fd tkMa] irk ugC Ohd gks fd xyr gks] Sslk gks o,lk gks2 †;ksfr Hh fn[kB i\
Lrh g, rks Hh lkgl ugC tqIk ikrk4 ikl u tkSxk rks pwd tkSxk4 lkgl pkfg
S4
rks vdlj Sslk gks tkrk g, fd dHh7dHh lkglh yksx l®; dh laxfr eX mrj
tkrs gT vk,j detksj vk,j rFkdfFr le>nkj yksx nwj gh [\Ls jg tkrs gT4 os
viuh le>nkjh eX gh ej tkrs gT4

vtgw psr xaokj
le>nkjh ls lko/ku2 D;kXfd le>nkjh rqégkjh ew\Prk dks fNikus dk mik; g,4
Sd ckr lnk lkspuk] Sd cknr lnk ;kn j[ukA vxj rqe prqj gks rks rqégkjh
Vtnxh eX lcwr gksuk pkfgS4 dgka g, vkuan` dgka g, jl` D;k ik;k` dk,u7lh
†;ksfr g, rqégkjs Hhrj` dk,u7lh lqxa/ mOh` dk,u7lk laxhr cuk` dk,u7lk u1®
; gqvk` m®lo dgka g,` pkanuh dgka g,` va/sjk gh va/sjk Hjk g,] fGj Hh rqe
vius dks prqj dgs pys tkrs gks2 vk,j lc rjg dh oklukvkX ds lkai7fcπNw Hh
rj ljd jgs gT] fGj Hh rqe vius dks prqj dgs tkrs gks2 Fks\Lk rks lkspks2 Fks\L
k rks fopkjks2 vxj prqj gh gksrs rks rqégkjh Vtnxh eX ijek®ek dk okl gksrk6
rqégkjh Vtnxh eX vkuan gksrk6 rqégkjh Vtnxh eX Sd iqyd gksrh4
rqégkjh Vtnxh eX ;g mnklh D;kX g,` rqégkjh Vtnxh eX ;g bruk †;knk Q≈< H
ko D;kX g,` rqe gks dgka` /Dds [krs jgrs Hh\L eX3;gka ls ogka] bl tüe ls m
l tüe eX] bl ;k_k ls ml ;k_k eX4 igqaps dgka gks` eafty dgka g,` ikl Hh
vkrh ugC ekywe gksrh vk,j dgrs gks prqj gks4
vxj prqj gks rks thou eX izek< pkfgS4 vk,j vxj thou eX izek< u gkX rks
Îik djds bl prqjkB dks mrkj dj j[ nks4 ;g prqjkB ugC g,6 ;g o¬rqrA f
oosd ls cpus dk mik; g,4 ;g ew\Prk dh rjdhc g,4 ;g rqégkjk vKku rqégX p
rqjkB dk /ks[k ns dj vius dks cpk jgk g,4 ewj[ rt, foosd] prqjB viuh vk
u,4
8iyIw lrxqQ lçn dk] rfud u dj, fopkj49
og viuh7viuh ekjrk jgrk g,] viuh7viuh yxkrk jgrk g,4
8iyIw lrxqQ lçn dk] rfud u dj, fopkj4
uko feyh dsoI ugC] d,ls mrj, ikj449
vk,j tc rd rqe ln.xqQ ds opu dk fopkj u djksxs] tc rd viuh vd\L gI
k dj] vius mi–o dks 'kar djds] vius dks nwj djds] vius dks chp ls gIk
dj3dgksxs fd vc eT lh/k fopkj djuk pkgrk gwa4 esjh Vtnxh rks csdkj xB
rks Sd ckr lp g, fd esjs ikl dksB foosd ugC g,4 eT rks HIdk gh HIdk4 ?k
o gh ?ko bdØs fdS gT4 ;g esjh Vtnxh jgh g,4 vc cgqr HId pqdk4 vc eT
dgrk gwa fd vc viuh le> ls D;k pyuk4 viuh le> ls py dj [wc ns[ f
y;k] dgka igqapk`
eukso,Kkfud dgrs gT3euf¬on dguk pkfgS3iwjc ds euf¬on dgrs gT fd NksIk
cπpk vxj viuh prqjkB dh ckr gkads] {ek;ks≈; g,] D;kXfd mls vHh thou d
k dksB vuqHo ugC g,4 ysfdu mez ik dj Hh vxj rqe vHh viuh prqjkB dh
gkadks rks rqe c\Ls vKkuh gks6 rqe {ek Hh ugC fdS tk ldrs4 mez ik dj rks

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fn[kB i\L tkuk pkfgS fd esjh prqjkB dk ifj<ke D;k g,4 vk,j og ifj<ke f
n[kB i\L tkS rks Sd ?Iuk ?Irh g,A rqégX viuh cqf0 ij lansg vk tkrk g,]
cl4 rqégkjs thou eX ijek®ek ds vkxeu dk igyk dne i\Lk3viuh cqf0 ij
lansg4 tc viuh cqf0 ij lansg vkrk g, rks ln.xqQ ij vk¬Fk vkrh g,4 tc rd
rqe lksprs gks vius ls gh rj tkSaxs] rc rd rqe D;kX fdlh dk gkF id\Lksxs2
rc rd rqe ;kjks eX u i\Lksxs4
fGj rqégkjh prqjkB rqégX †;knk ls †;knk 'k¬_ rd ys tk ldrh g,] uko rd
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fdrkc rd ys tk ldrh g,4 rks yksx fdrkc c\Ls ets ls i\Prs gT4 Ssls cgqr yks
x gT] yk[kX yksx gT tks esjh fdrkcX i\Prs gT4 ;gka ugC vkrs4 eq>s i_ Hh fy[rs
gT fd ge vkidh fdrkcX i\Prs gT vk,j c\Lk vkuan vkrk g,6 ysfdu vkus eX ladks
p g,] vkus eX Lj g,] fd vkus dh vHh fgéer ugC g,6 vkuk pkgrs gT exj vH
h fgéer ugC4
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Sxh4 fdrkc ds lkF dksB [rjk ugC g,6 fdrkc rqe i\P ysrs gks vk,j rkd ij
j[ nsrs gks4 fdrkc rqégkjh gks xB4 esjh D;k g,` rqeus [jhn yh rqégkjh gks xB
4 rqe tgka pkgks ogka ydhjX yxkvksxs6 tgka pkgks dkI nksxs] tgka pkgks yky fu
'ku yxk nksxs6 rqe tks pkgks vFZ dj yksxs4 fdrkc rqégkjh gks xB4 esjk mleX
D;k jgk` esjk rks esjs ikl vkvksxs rks gh irk pysxk4
8lkfgc ogh Gdhj g, tks dksB igqapk gks;49
tks nwljk ikj gks vk;k g,] ogh Gdhj g,4
vc Gdhj dk vFZ le>ks4 yksx le>rs gT Gdhj dk vFZ g,] ftlus lalkj Nks\L
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Ssls rks cgqr Gdhj gT4 ftuds ikl dqN ugC Fk os Hh Nks\L7Nk\L dj Gdhj gks
xS gT4 dqN Fk gh ugC] Nks\Lus dh dqN >a>I Hh ugC Fh4 vk,j Gdhj gkssus dk
etk ys jgs gT4
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dhj gT4 lalkj Nks\L fn;k g,] ysfdu ijek®ek ik;k ;k ugC` lalkj Nks\Luk Fks\Ls
gh i;kZîr ifjHk"k g,4 'k;n lalkj Nks\Luk bruk gh gks ldrk g,] t,ls Sd vkn
eh cxhpk yxkuk pkgs] tehu lkG djs] dkal m[k\L dj GXd ns] ?kl7ikr dks

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gks xB] vπNk gqvk4 exj bldks gh cxhpk er eku yks4 ugC rks bl [kyh t
ehu eX xqykc ds Gwy u f[yXxs4 bl [kyh tehu eX nsj7vcsj fGj lalkj dk dka
l mx vkSxk4
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ls [jhn dj ykvks] rc mxsxk4 rqe c,Os Hj jgks tehu lkG djds] og vius ls
mx tkSxk4 tehu lkG dj yh rks vk,j Pax ls mxsxk] D;kXfd i®Fj b®;kfn l
c vyx gks xS] vc c\Ls ets ls mxsxk4 rqe t¥nh gh ikvksxs tehu gjh gks xB4
xqykc vius ls ugC mxsxk4 xqykc dks rks yxkuk i\Lrk g,4
Gdhj dh Ohd ifjHk"k iyIw dj jgs gTA 8lkfgc ogh Gdhj g, tks dksB igqapk
gks;49 ftlds thou eX xqykc ds Gwy f[ys gkX] ijek®ek f[yk gks] og Gdhj g,
4 lalkj Nks\L nsuk i;kZîr ugC g,4 ijek®ek ikuk tWjh g,4 ;g fo/k;d ifjHk"k
gqB4 udkj ls ifjHk"k ugC djuh pkfgS4
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ifjHk"k` rqe dg ldrs gksA 8D;kXfd ;g va/k ugC g,49 ;g rks Ohd ckr gks
xB fd tks va/k ugC g, og vka[okyk gksuk pkfgS4 ysfdu tks va/k ugC g, og
Hh vka[ can fdS c,Ok gks ldrk g,4 vka[ ij iÈh cka/h gks ldrh g,4 tks va/k
ugC g, og Hh lks;k gks ldrk g,4 rks Hh vka[okyk ugC g,4 vka[okyk rks ogh g,
ftls fn[kB i\Lrk g,4 vk,j dksB ifjHk"k ls dke u pysxk4 va/k ugC g,] bruh
udkjk®ed ifjHk"k dkGh ugC g,4 va/k ugC g,] ;g rks Ohd g,] dkepykM if
jHk"k gks xB4
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vka[okyk og] ftls fn[kB i\Lrk g,] ftls n'Zu gksrk g,4 va/k ugC gksus ls D;k
gksrk g,` vka[ jgrs Hh vkneh vka[ can fdS c,Os jgrs gT] rks Hh fn[kB ugC
i\Lsxk4 lalkj Nks\L fn;k] ;g rks Ohd g,6 ysfdu ijek®ek fn[kB i\Lk ;k ugC]
vlyh ckr rks ogka r; gksxh4
8lkfgc ogh Gdhj g, tks dksB igqapk gks;44
tks dksB igqapk gks;] uwj dk N_ fojkts49
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gks6 ftlds vkl7ikl jks'uh dk N_ gks] vkHkeaLy gks6 tks †;kssfr ls txex gks
6 ftlds NksIs7ls nhS eX lwjt mrjk gks4

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8tks dksB igqapk gks;] uwj dk N_ fojkts4

lcj r[r rj c,fO] rwj vOigjk ckt,449
vk,j tks larks" ds Vlgklu ij fojkteku gks4 lcj~ ~ ~ lcz~ ~ ~ larks" 8lcj r
[r ij c,fO9~ ~ ~ ftls rqe ikvks fd tks larks" ds r“r ij c,Ok g,] ifjrq‘I g,6
ftls vc u dgC tkuk u dgC dqN ikuk3ik fy;k tks ikuk Fk4 ijek®ek ikus
ds ckn vk,j D;k ikus dks cprk g,` rks ftlus ijek®ek dks ik fy;k mldks dqN
ikus dks ugC cprk4 ikus dh nk,\L xB] vkik/kih lekîr gqB4
8lcj r[r ij c,fO] rwj vOigjk ckt,49
vk,j ftlds ikl vkOkX igj laxhr dk ukn gks jgk gks] fuukn ct jgk gks] m®l
o py jgk gks] jl cg jgk gks3rwj vOigjk ckt,2 ftlds ikl vxj rqe pqi g
ks dj c,O tkvks rks rqe viwoZ laxhr eX Lwcus yxks4 ftlds ikl vxj rqe 'kar g
ks dj c,O tkvks rks Lksyus yxks] t,ls lkai Lksyrk g, rqjgh dks lqu dj4
8rwj vOigjk ckt,] lcj r[r ij c,fO49 ;g ifjHk"k dj jgs gT os4
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; ugC gksrk4 vxj rqe Sd egk®ek ds ikl tkvks vk,j rqe ikvks fd og vHh
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e lk/ jgk g,] vHh Hh 'h"kZlu] lokΩx7vklu dj jgk g,] vHh Hh ÷;ku] iwtk
] ikO dj jgk g,3rks le>uk vHh lcj r[r ij c,Ok ugC] vHh lcz ugC gqv
k] vHh larks" ugC gqvk] vHh feyuk ugC gqvk4
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mlds lkeus flj ds cy [\Ls gksvksxs` fd ijek®ek ls feyus ds ckn iwtk7ikO
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Fk4 chekj gks rks Hh tkrk Fk4 dHh pwdrk gh ugC Fk4 ikapkX uekt ef¬tn eX
djrk Fk4 yksx rks ;g Hwy gh xS Fs fd ck;thn ds fcuk vk,j ef¬tn gks l
drh g,4 xkao ugC Nks\Lrk Fk] D;kXfd nwljs xkao tkS] ef¬tn u gks] jk¬rs eX Qd
uk i\Ls] ef¬tn u gks] rks og xkao ugC Nks\Lrk Fk4 rks Sd fnu ef¬tn ugC vk
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j uekt dh] vc Nks\Lrs gks` ck;thn us dgkA rc rd dh] tc rd ik;k ugC]
vc D;k [kd djX` vc D;k dgka tkSa` vc Sdrkjk ctkrs gT4
og Sdrkjk izrhd g,4
8rwj vOigjk ckt, ~ ~ ~ 92
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uk gks xB4 blfyS dchj dgrs gTA mOwa7c,Owa lks ifj∂ek4 vc eT d,ls eafnj dh i
fj∂ek djus tkMa` vc rks mOuk7c,Ouk ogh ifj∂ek g,] D;kXfd tc Hh mOrk
gwa mlh ds ikl mOrk gwa6 tc Hh pyrk gwa mlh ds ikl pyrk gwa4 [kMa7ihMa lks
lsok4 vc d,ls eafnj eX tk dj Hksx yxkMa Hxoku dks` eT [krk gwa] mlh dh
lsok gks tkrh g,] D;kXfd ogh [k jgk g,4
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8lcj r[r ij c,fO rwj vOigjk ckt,4
racw g, vleku] teC dk Gjl fcNk;k49
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l fcNk;k4
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] dksB c\Lk esgeku vk jgk g,3rks rqe fN\Ldko djrs gks ty dk cxhps eX] te
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racw g, vk,j iwjh tehu viuk G'Z g,4 vk,j vc ikuh ls D;k lCpuk] vc rks {
ek ls lCprs gT4 {ek izse dh Sd vfHø;fDr g,4 vc rks izse ls lCprs gT4 vc
rks {ek ls lCprs gT4
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c dk,u7lk eqæd yxkSa] vc dk,u7lh lqxa/`~ ~ ~ [q'h dk eq¬d yxk;k4 vc rks
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gT] vkuan dh rjaxX py jgh gT4 ;gh lqxa/ g,4
8uke [tkuk Hjk] ftfdj dk ustk pyrk4
lkfgc pk,dhnkj] nsf[ bcyhlgqa Ljrk449
vc rks c\Lh xtc dh ckr gks jgh g,4 os dgrs gT] Gdhj dk,u` lkfgc ogh G
dhj g, tks dksB igqapk gks;2 vk,j tc dksB igqap tkrk g, rks [qn igjk ugC nsuk
i\Lrk vius thou ij4 [qn lkfgc] [qn Hxoku igjk nsrk g,4 fGj rqégX viuh
fG∂ ugC j[uh i\Lrh fd ;g dWa] u dWa6 ;g djuk Ohd g, fd xyr fd l

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4 vc rks ',rku [qn gh Ljrk g, D;kXfd og lkfgc pk,dhnkj gks xS gT4 vc rks
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k mldh pk,dhnkjh ijek®ek djrk g,4 rqe tc rd viuh pk,dhnkjh [qn djrs
gks] [rjs eX gks4 rc rd ',rku rqégX lrkSxk vk,j ',rku rqels thrsxk4 rqe ',
rku ls D;k cpksxs` mlds jk¬rs c\Ls lw”e gT4
8uke [tkuk Hjk9~ ~ ~ vk,j vc rks Sd gh [tkus eX ckr jg x;h g,A mldk u
ke] mldh ¬e1fr] mldk ¬ej<4 cl bruk gh /u g, vc4 ;g ÷;ku gh /u g,4
8uke [tkuk Hjk] ftfdj dk ustk pyrk49
vk,j vc rks pk,chl ?aIs mlds ¬ej< dk Hkyk gh pyrk jgrk g,4 vc rks pk,ch
l ?aIs æokl7æokl eX ftfdj g,] uke¬ej< g,] izkFZuk g,4 ;g djuh ugC i\Lrh]
;g vius ls gks jgh g,4
lar ogh ftleX izkFZuk vius ls gks jgh gks3ftlds gkssus ls izkFZuk gks6 ftlds mO
us7c,Ous eX izkFZuk gks6 ftldh vka[X >idX rks iwtk gks tkS6 ftlds ikl rqe tkv
ks rks rqégX ijek®ek igjk nsrk gqvk ekywe i\Ls4
8iyIw nqfu;k nhu eX muls c\Lk u dks;49
iyIw dgrs gTA Gdhj ls c\Lk dksB Hh ugC g,3u bl nqfu;k eX] u ml nqfu;k eX4
8iyIw nqfu;k nhu eX muls c\Lk u dks;4
lkfgc ogh Gdhj g, tks dksB igqpk gks;449
Ssls fdlh Gdhj dk gkF id\Lks] ;kjh djks] rks dsoI feys] rks ek>h feys] rks
ml ikj mrj ikvks4 vius ls u igqÅp ikvksxs4 vius ls igqapus dh /qu eX blh f
dukjs vIds jg xS gks tüekX7tüekX ls4 vcgwa psr xaokj2 vc psrks2
8yguk g, lruke dk] tks pkg, lks ys;49
vk,j ykH rks Sd gh g, nqfu;k eX] /u rks Sd gh g, nqfu;k eX4
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tldks ysuk gks ys ys4 QdkoI \tjk Hh ugC g,4 dksB jksd ugC jgk g,6 rqe vius
gh gkF ls ugC ys jgs gks4 bls [;ky eX j[uk4

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[qys gT4
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vkB4 mlus dgk fd can dj ;g cdokl2 }kj [qys gT4 vka[ [ksy2
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[ksy4 jkfc;k dh ;g pksI fd ukle>] D;k cdokl yxk j[h g,] vka[ [ksy2
}kj rks [qys gh gT4
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blh {< feyk] ftl {< pkgk4 Sd {< dHh nsj ugC gksrh4 exj rqe pkgrs
gh ugC4 rqe dqN dw\Lk7dpjk pkgrs gks4 dksB /u ds fyS nk,\L jgk g,] dksB in
ds fyS nk,\L jgk g,4 ijek®ek ds fyS dk,u nk,\Lrk g,2 dHh7dHh rqe ijek®ek
dh ;kn Hh djrs gks rks in ds fyS6 pquko eX [\Ls gks xS rks tk dj guqeku
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us yxrs gks4 lk/q7larkX ds ikl tkus yxrs gks4
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kfgS2
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ko Nks\Luk] ml fnu vk tkuk] eT vk'hokZn ns nwaxk4 pquko ds fyS rks vk'hokZn
er yks4 D;kXfd fGj rqe tks djksxs] mldk Hh tqéek esjk gks tkSxk4 esjk dksB
gkF ugC g, bleX4
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rqe dHh ijek®ek dh ;kn Hh djrs gks rks xyr dkj<kX ls djrs gks4 mldh ;k
n rks cl mlh ds fyS dh tkuh pkfgS6 dksB vk,j gsrq ugC gksuk pkfgS4
tks pkg, lks ys;] tkSxh ywI vksjkB49

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us dksB Sslh ftY cka/ j[h g, fd tc lc ywI pqdXxs] rc vkf[jh eX ge4
8rqe dk yqfIgk, ;kj] xkao tc nfgg, ykB4
rkd, dgk xaokj] eksO Hj cka/ flrkch49
blfyS iyIw dgrs gT fd xaokj] blfyS rq>dks xaokj dguk i\L jgk g, fd rw
dkgs ds fyS Qdk g,] iwjk xkao ywI ysxk rc rw ywIsxk`
8rkd, dgk xaokj9~ ~ ~ blfyS etcwjh g,] rq>s xaokj dguk i\L jgk g, fd nsj
er dj] t¥nh ls [ksy viuh xOjh] vk,j cka/ yX] vk,j ftruk cka/ lds cka/
ys4 8rkd, dgk xaokj] eksO Hj cka/ flrkc49
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8ywI eX nsjh dj,] rkfg dh gks; [jkch49
tks nsj djsxk og ø;FZ gh nqA[ ikrk g,4 D;kXfd tc rd rqeus ugC ywIk ijek®e
k dks rc rd rqe nqA[ eX jgksxs] ujd eX jgksxs4
yksx lksprs gT ujd dgC vk,j gT4 rqe tgka gks] ;g ujd g,4 tc rd ijek®ek
ugC ywIk] rc rd rqe ujd eX gks4 ;g Hh [wc etsnkj rjdhc iafLrkX us [ksth
g, fd ujd dgC nwj] tehu ds ikrky eX 2 rqe dHh tkvksxs ujd eX] ;g Hh
[wc etsnkj rjdhc g,4 blls rqe fuVæpr gks xS gks4 rqe dgrs gks] ge Fks\Ls g
h gT ujd eX2
ujd eX rqe gks4
eTus lquk g,] Sd vkneh ejk] tc og ujd igqapk rks c\Lk g,jku gqvk] ogka rks
gkyrX c\Lh vπNh Faha4 rks mlus iwNrkN dh] ',rku ds ikl x;k fd geus rks c\
Lh cnukeh lquh g, ujd dh] ;gka dh gkyrX rks c\Lh vπNh gT4 i1ƒoh ij gkyrX
blls †;knk [jkc gT4
',rku us dgk fd og iafLrkX dh rjdhc g,] vü;Fk vlfy;r ;gh g, fd ujd
ogC g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
rqe \tjk ns[ks rks vius pkjkX rjG] vius Hhrj] vius ckgj4 vk,j D;k ujd gks
xk` vk,j D;k cqjk gks ldrk g,` blls †;knk vk,j D;k ih\Lk gks ldrh g,] ftl
eX ls rqe xqtj jgs gks` tc rd ijek®ek ugC g,] rc rd ujd g,4 blfyS d
grs gT iyIwA
8ywI eX nsjh dj,] rkfg dh gks; [jkch4
t¥nh dj] cka/ ys viuh xOjh4
8cgqfj u Sslk nkao] ugC fGj ekuq" gksuk49
D;kXfd gtkjkssa7gtkjkX tüekX ds ckn vkneh euq‘; gksrk g,4 pk,jklh dksfI;kX ds ck
n vkneh euq‘; gksrk g,4 pk,jklh djks\L ;ksfu;kX ds ckn Sd ckj vkneh ml orqZ
y eX vkrk g,] ml txg vkrk g, tgka euq‘; gksrk g,4 t,ls pkd ?werk g, u2 t
c iwjk pkd ?we tkrk g,] rc fGj vkjk Mij vkrk g,6 fGj x;k uhps] rks fGj
iwjk pkd ?wesxk rc Mij vkSxk4
iwjc ds euhf";kssa us lalkj dks xk\Lh ds pkd dh rjg ns[k g,4 og tks Hkjr ds
÷ot ij pkd dk fu'ku g,] og ftügkXus pqu dj j[k g,] mudks 'k;n vankt H
h u gks fd og fdlfyS pkd dk fu'ku g,4 og ck,0 p∂ g,4 og v'ksd us vi
us i®FjkX ij [qnok;k Fk4 izrhd g, og lalkj dk fd ;gka lc pht ?we tkrh
g,4 iwjk ?weuk i\Lrk g,4 fGj Sd nGs pwds Mij vkdj] rks fGj iwjk pDdj g,4
fGj iwjk pkd tc gksxk] rc fGj nksckjk yk,Iksxs4 u ekywe dc nqckjk vkneh
gksvksxs4 8cgqfj u Sslk nkao9~ ~ ~fGj nqckjk nkao feys u feys] volj vkS u v
kS] ;k dc vkS2
D;k rkd, rw Ok\P] gkF ls tkrk lksuk449
vk,j rw [\Lk7[\Lk D;k dj jgk g,` D;k rkd jgk g,` fn[kBxhj D;kX cuk g,`
rek'chu D;kX cuk g,` ywI ys2 vtgwa psr xaokj2

vtgw psr xaokj
yguk g, lruke dk tks pkg, lks ys;449
iyIw dgrs gTA vk,j [;ky j[uk] eq>s tks dguk Fk eTus dg fn;k] eT m+< gq
vk4 eq>s fey x;k4 bruk vk,j +< cpk Fk4
ftl ø;fDr dks Hh feyrk g,] mldk bruk +< cprk g, fd og nwljkX dks Hh
dg ns4 iyIw dgrs gTA eTus viuh xOjh Hj yh] [wc fny Hj dj Hj yh] dqN
deh ugC Nks\Lh] larks" ds r[r ij fojkteku gks x;k gwa4 rwj vOigjk ckt,4 b
ruk +< vk,j cpk Fk fd rqels dg nwa fd d,ls eTus ywIk] d,ls eTus ik;k vk,j
d,ls ik dj eT /ü;Hkxh gqvk4
8iyIw eX Mfju H;k9~ ~ ~ vc esjh >a>I feIh4 eq>ls er dguk ihNs4 eTus +<
pqdk fn;k4 8eksj nksl ftu ns;9~ ~ ~ blfyS eq>s dksB Hwy dj Hh nks" u ns
ihNs] fGj eq>s er dguk fd 8iyIw] rqégX fey x;k vk,j gedks [cj u nh4 g
e rqégkjs ikl gh Fs] geX crk rks nsrs fd [tkuk brus djhc g,4 rqeus [ksn Hh
fy;k] xOjh Hh Hj yh] c,O Hh xS Vlgklu ij] vkuan eX exu Hh gks xS3v
k,j ge HIdrs gh jgs vk,j va/sjs eX IIksyrs gh jgs4 geX [cj rks ns nsrs] iqdkj
rks ns nsrs4 \tjk geX psrk rks nsrs49 fGj eq>ls er dguk] eq>s nks" er nsuk4
iyIw c\Lh î;kjh ckr dg jgs gT4
8iyIw eT Mfju H;k] eksj nksl ftu ns;4
yguk g, lruke dk tks pkg, lks ys;449
uk] vc eTus lc njoktk [ksy fn;k g,] lh/h7lh/h ckr dg nh g, fd ;g i\Lk
g, lruke dk yguk] ;g izHq7¬ej< dk /u g,] ftldks ysuk gks ys ys4 fGj ihNs
eq>ls er dguk fd ge dks [wc HIdk;k6 crk nsrs rks u HIdrs4
iyIw ds bu opukX ij ÷;ku djks4 rqégkjk thou ujd g,4 [\Ls7[\Ls D;k ns[ jgs
gks` dc rd ns[rs jgksxs` i®Fj dh ewjr gks xS gks4 Fks\Ls fgyks7pyks4 Fks\Ls m
Oks4 Fks\Ls thou dks xfr nks4 izHq lkeus [\Lk g,4 izHq pkjkX rjG fojkteku g,4 b
ldh ¬e1fr dks txkvks4 bl vkÁkn dks vius Hhrj mrjus nks4 ;g fdj< rqégk
js Hhrj tkuk pkgrh g,4 ;g fdj< rqégkjs va/sjs dks rks\Luk pkgrh g,4 ;g lwjt
rqégkjs Hhrj izHkr cuuk pkgrk g,4 vka[ [ksyks4
vk,j Ssls Hh cgqr nsj gks pqdh g,4 fdrus tüekX ls rqe HId jgs gks2 fdruh yac
h ;k_k rqeus dh g,2 vk,j flGZ /wy7/okal ds vfrfjDr rqégkjs gkF dqN Hh u
yxk4 /u yxk gh ugC4 /u yxrk gh ugC gkF] tc rd ÷;ku u yxs4

vtgw psr xaokj
÷;ku dqath g, /u dh3vlyh /u dh4 vlyh /u ;kuh tks fey tkS rks fGj d
Hh [ksrk ugC4 ;g /u rks fey7fey dj [ks tkrk g,4 ;g /u rks feyk Hh rks
u feyk] cjkcj g,4 /uh gks dj Hh] rqe ns[rs ugC] yksx fdrus xjhc gT2 lc
g, muds ikl vk,j Hhrj dqN Hh ugC g,4 Hhrj dksjk lUkIk vk,j va/sjk g,6 Q
nu vk,j vkalw Hjs gT4 ckgj frtksjh Hjrh pyh xB g, vk,j Hhrj vk®ek [kyh
gksrh pyh xB g,4 ftruh frtksjh Hj yh g, mruh gh vk®ek csp Lkyh g,4
thll us dgk g,A viuh vk®ek dks csp dj vxj rwus lkjs lalkj dks Hh ik fy;
k rks D;k` rwus c\Lk xyr lk,nk dj fy;k4
tkxks2 Fks\Lk gks' laHkyks2 Fks\Ls7ls dne Ohd3vk,j eafty nwj ugC2 Fks\Lk gks' v
fLx3vk,j eafty nwj ugC g,2 Fks\Lh J0k dh ¬Gqj<k3vk,j eafty nwj ugC g,2 vk,
j uko dh iwtk eX er yxs jguk] ek>h dks [kstks4
u dksB jksd jgk g,] u dksB igjk g,4 u dksB dher ekax jgk g,4 eq©r fey jg
k g, lc] eq©r ywIk tk jgk g, ijek®ek4
tks pkgs lks ys;] tk;xh ywI vksjkB4
ywI eX nsjh dj,] rkfg dh gks; [jkch4
cgqfj u Sslk nkao] ugC fGj ekuq" gksuk4
yguk g, lruke dk tks pkgs lks ys;449
vkt bruk gh4

vtgw psr xaokj
8vtgwa psr xaokj93iyIwnkl th dk ;g lacks/u rks lHh ds fyS g,6 ij ge lc
dk Sd ek_ xaokjiu D;k g,` vki Îik djds geX dgX4
lar iyIwnkl dgrs gT fd Hkxor7/u dh ywI gks jgh g, vk,j tks pkgs lks ys;4
;fn Sslh ckr g, rks D;kX bl ckr dk /uh djks\LkX eX Sdk/ gks ikrk g,`
laü;kl dk Gy e/qj g,] fGj Hh lHh mls D;kX ugC p[rs` Îik djds dfgS4
igyk izæuA 8vtgwa psr xaokj93iyIwnkl th dk ;g lacks/u rks lHh ds fyS g,6
ij ge lcdk Sdek_ xaokjiu D;k g,` vki Îik djds geX dgX4
Sd gh vKku g, fd geX irk ugC fd ge dk,u gT4 fGj lkjs vKku mlh Sd v
Kku ls i,nk gkssrs gT4 Sd gh cht g,6 fGj rks o1{ c\Lk gks tkrk g,6 fGj rks cgq
r 'k[kSa7iz'k[kSa gksrh gT6 cgqr Gwy7iRs yxrs] Gy yxrs4 vk,j fGj Sd ch
t eX cgqr cht Hh yxrs gT4 ou¬ifr'k¬_h dgrs gTA Sd NksIk7lk cht lkjh i1ƒ
oh dks gfj;kyh ls Hj nsus eX leFZ g,4 vk,j Sd NksIs7ls vKku ds cht us euq‘;
dks ifjiw<Z va/dkj ls Hj fn;k g,4
cht g, NksIkA ;g cks/ ugC g, fd eT dk,u gwa4 vk,j ftls ;gh cks/ ugC g, fd eT
dk,u gwa] fGj og tks Hh djsxk xyr gh djsxk4 tgka Hhrj dk nh;k gh u tyk
gks] fGj rqégkjs Î®; ds Ohd gksus dh dksB laHkouk ugC4 vk,j ge lc ps‘Ik
djrs gT fd Î®; Ohd gks tkS4 ;g Ssls gh g, t,ls dksB va/sjs eX nh;k rks u ty
kS vk,j Ohd7Ohd pyus dk v˙;kl djs] rkfd va/sjs eX eT fcuk fxjs py ldwa]
fcuk IdjkS py ldwa] nhokykX ls flj u GwIs] tc pkfgS rc njoktk fey tk
S4
dk'] Vtnxh fFj gksrh rks ;g laHo gks tkrk2 dk'] Sslk gksrk fd rqe Sd gh
edku eX lnk jgrs] Sd gh d{ eX lnk jgrs] rks /hjs7/hjs v˙;kl gks tkrk4
/hjs7/hsjs rqe tkuus yxrs fcuk nhS ds tykS] }kj dgka g,] nhoky dgka g,4 tk
uus yxrs Isfcy dgka j[h g,] dqlñ dgka j[h g,4 tkuus yxrs fdl fn'k eX tkSa
] fdl fn'k eX u tkSa4 rks nhS dh Hh tWjr u Fh4 ysfdu Vtnxh jkst cny
tkrh g,] ;g v\Lpu g,4 ;g Vtnxh dk edku ifjorZu'hy g,4 ;gka Sd {< dks
Hh dqN fFj ugC g,4 ;gka lc /kjk g,4 ;gka lc cg jgk g,4 ;gka lc cny jgk
g,4 blfyS dy rqeus tks r; fd;k Fk og vkt dke ugC vkrk4 vkt tks rqe
vuqHo djksxs] og dy dke eX ugC vkSxk4 nh;k rks tykuk gh gksxk4
;g Vtnxh ls lfjr7izokg eX] dsoy v˙;kl dj ysus ls Î®;kX dk] dksB ifj<ke
gksusokyk ugC g,6 cf¥d [rjk gksrk g,4 Sslk lkspks fd dejk jkst cny tkrk
gks] jkr rqe lksS vk,j dejk ?we tkrk gks6 tgka njoktk Fk] nhoky vk tkrh
gks vk,j tgka nhoky gks] njoktk vk tkrk gks4 dy rqeus v˙;kl dj fy;k Fk]

vtgw psr xaokj
fuVæpr gks dj lksS Fs fd vc rks lc irk gks x;k] vc nwljk flj u IdjkS
xk] vc pksI u [kMaxk6 vc rks tc fudyuk gksxk ckgj rks fudy tkMaxk6 v
c rks eT tkurk gwa4 dy rqe fuVæpr gks dj lks xS Fs] ysfdu jkr lkjk edku
cny x;k4 rqégkjk Kku lg;ksxh u gksxk6 vk,j ck/k cusxk4 D;kXfd rqe fuVæp
r gks fd vc eT tkurk gwa4 vc rqe Sdne nhoky ls Idjk tkvksxs4 ogka dy
njoktk Fk4 vkt ogka njoktk ugC g,4
blfyS ftldks ge rFkdfFr vuqHoh vkneh dgrs gT] og vk,j Hh x∏kX eX fxj
rk g,4 cπps rks Fks\Lk laHy dj Hh pyX] vuqHoh laHy dj ugC pyrk4 D;kXfd
vuqHoh dks [;ky g, fd eT tkurk gh gwa4
tkuuk rks flGZ Sd g, txr. eX fd eT dk,u gwa4 mlls gh Hhrj dk nh;k tyrk
g, vk,j rqégkjk lkjk thou] rqégkjs lkjs Î®; jks'u gks tkrs gT4 vk,j nh;k fGj
Sslk g, fd edku cnyrk jgs] cnyrk jgs] tc nh;k ty jgk g, rks }kj tgka g
ksxk fn[kB i\L tkSxk4 ;gh uhfr vk,j /eZ dk Hsn g,4
uhfr fl[krh g, D;k djks4 uhfr v˙;kl djokrh g,3'qH dk] f'o dk6 cqjk Nks\
Lks] cqjs dh vknr u Lkyks] Hys dh vknr Lkyks4 uhfr vkpj< dks cnyokrh g,
vk,j varl va/sjs ls gh Hjk jgrk g,4 rks vkpj< rks vπNk Hh gks tkrk g,] rks
Hh D;k ifj<ke gksrk g,2 cqjs vkneh mügC x∏kX eX r\Li jgs gT ftueX Hys vkn
eh r\Li jgs gT4 dksB GdZ ugC g,4
tc eT ;g dgrk gwa] rqe Fks\Ls pkTdksxs4 rqe dgksxs cqjs vkneh dkjkx1g eX can gT
vk,j Hys vkneh vius egykX eX c,Os gT3GdZ D;kX ugC g,` Mij ls tWj GdZ g,4
muds x∏s Mij ls vyx fn[kB i\Lrs gT4 ysfdu vxj xgjs eX ns[ksxs rks vgadk
j dk Sd gh x∏k g,4 mleX dkjkx1g eX can vkneh Hh r\Li jgk g,] mleX eafnj
eX c,Ok gqvk iwtk djusokyk vkneh Hh r\Li jgk g,4 x∏k Sd g,4 vgadkj dk
x∏k g,4 x∏k Sd g,] D;kXfd va/sjk Sd g,4 u rks cqjk vkneh tkxk g,3tkx tkr
k rks cqjk D;kX gksrk2 vk,j ;g opu Hh eq>s rqels dgus nks fd u Hyk vkneh
tkxk g,3vxj tkx tkrk rks Hyk D;kX gksrk2 rqe Fks\Ls pkTdksxs4 D;kXfd tkxk gq
vk vkneh u cqjk gksrk u Hyk gksrk4 tkxk gqvk vkneh rks cl tkxk gksrk g,4
tkxj< HykB ds mrus gh Mij g, ftrus cqjkB ds4 tkxk gqvk vkneh u rks nqtZ
u gksrk u l†tu gksrk4 tkxk gqvk vkneh cq0 gksrk] izcq0 gksrk4
cq0 ls fdlh us iwNk g,A vki dk,u gT` ns[dj muds vizfre lkTn;Z dks] yxrk g,
t,ls dksB nsoiqQ" mrj vk;k g, ba–klu ls i1ƒoh ij3rks iwNk g, iwNus okys usA
vki dk,u gT` D;k vki nsork gT` bl ou¬Fyh eX] bl Sdkar futZu eX] bl oI
o1{ ds uhps c,Os] D;k vki ¬oxZ ls mrjs dksB nsork gT` vkids lkTn;Z dks ns[d
j Sslk yxrk g, bl i1ƒoh ds ugC gT` ik√Fo ugC g, ;g lkTn;Z4 vki nsork gT4
cq0 us vka[ [ksyh vk,j dgkA ugC] eT nsork ugC gwa4

vtgw psr xaokj
ml vkneh us iwNkA rks fGj vki fdUj gT` nsorkvkX ls Fks\Lh uhph dksfI3tks n
jckj eX nsorkvkX ds laxhrK gT] vki os gT`
cq0 us dgkA ugC] og Hh ugC4
rks iwNk ml vkneh usA vki p∂orñ lezkI gT` bl i1ƒoh ds lcls c\Ls jktk gT
`
cq0 us dgkA ugC] og Hh ugC4
rks vki dk,u gT` euq‘; rks gkXxs de7ls7de3ml vkneh us iwNk4 vk,j cq0 us d
gk fd ugC] euq‘; Hh ugC gwa4 rc rks og vkneh tWj vokd. jg x;k gksxk fd
;g vkneh gks' eX g, ;k csgks'] ikxy g,2 nsork ugC] pyks u lgh] p∂orñ l
ezkI u lgh] u lgh6 exj de7ls7de euq‘;2 bldks Hh budkj Hh djrs gks2
rks ml vkneh us iwNkA fGj vki dk,u gT`
cq0 us dgk A eT cq0 gwa4 eT tkxk gqvk gwa4 vk,j tkxk gqvk flGZ tkxk gqvk gksrk
g,6 mldh vk,j dksB lhek ugC gksrh6 mldh vk,j dksB ifjHk"k ugC gksrh4
Hhrj dk nh;k ty tkrk g, rks rqe jks'u gks tkrs gks4 rqe tkxs gqS gks tkrs g
ks4 tkxs gqS ls cqjkB rks gksrh ugC3gks gh ugC ldrh4 vk,j tkxs gqS dks Sslk cks
/ d,ls gks fd eq>ls HykB gksrh g,` ftlls cqjkB gksuh can gks xB] mls ;g cks/
Hh feI tkrk g, fd eq>ls HykB gksrh g,4
tc rd rqégkjs Hhrj pksj g, rc rd rqégkjs Hhrj nkuh Hh gks ldrk g,4 ftl
fnu pksj x;k ml fnu nkuh Hh pyk x;k4 eT ;g ugC dg jgk gwa fd nku ug
C gksxk4 mlh fnu nku gksxk3ysfdu nkuh ugC gksxk4 rqels fn;k rks tkSxk] ysf
du vc nsusokys dk vgadkj fu√er ugC gksxk4 rqe ;g nkok u djksxs fd eT nk
uh gwa4 rqels Vglk rks ugC gksxh3vVglk Hh ugC jg tkSxh4 eT ;g ugC dg jg
k gwa fd rqégkjs thou eX vVglk ugC gksxh3vVglk gh gksxh4 exj eT vVgld gwa]
Sslh FksFh /kj<k ugC cusxh4 ftl fnu chekjh pyh tkrh g, mlh fnu ¬ok¬ƒ;
dk Hh fo¬ej< gks tkrk g,4
rqeus ns[k ;k ugC] lkspk ;k ugC`3flj eX nnZ gksrk g, rks flj dh ;kn vkrh
g,4 tc flj eX nnZ ugC jg tkrk rks flj dh dk,u ;kn djrk g,` rqe txr. eX
Sslk 'ksjxqy Fks\Ls gh epkrs fGjrs gks fd vkt esjs flj eX nnZ ugC g,] fd vk
t esjk flj fcuk nnZ ds g,4 rks yksx galXxs4 yksx dgXxsA rks tWj nnZ g,] vü;Fk
dk,u ckr djrk g, flj dh2 tc nnZ pyk x;k rks flj Hh pyk x;k4 nnZ eX gh
cks/ gksrk g,4 nnZ eX gh pksI yxrh g,] nnZ eX gh dkaIk x\Lrk g,4 tc chekjh u
gC jg tkrh rks ¬ok¬ƒ; Hh ugC jg tkrk4
rqe ns[ks] ¬ok¬ƒ; dh ppkZ chekj yksx gh djrs gT2 tks vkneh ftrus ¬ok¬ƒ; dh
ppkZ djs] le>uk mruk gh chekj g,4 chekj vkneh izkÎfrd fpfd®lk dh fd
rkc i\Prs gT4 vk,j ¬ok¬ƒ; ds laca/ eX c\Ls tkudkj gks tkrs gT4 chekj vkneh ¬
ok¬ƒ; dh [kst eX gh yxs jgrs gT fd ¬ok¬ƒ; D;k g,] d,ls cukuk d,ls ugC cuku

vtgw psr xaokj
k] ¬ok¬ƒ; dk vFZ D;k g,` ¬ok¬ƒ; ugC g,] blfyS ¬ok¬ƒ; D;k g,] bldh [kst
g,4 chekjh u gks rks chekjh dh Nk;k] og tks ¬ok¬ƒ; dk fopkj Fk] og Hh [ks
tkSxk4
ije ¬o¬F vkneh dk y{< gksrk g, fd mls vius 'jhj dk irk gh ugC gksrk4
fonsg vo¬Fk g, ije ¬ok¬ƒ;4 mls irk gh ugC gksrk fd 'jhj g,4 rqégX irk g,
i,j dk` tc rd i,j lks ugC x;k rc rd irk gh ugC gksrk4 tc i,j lks tk
Sxk vk,j >qu>quh p\Psxh] rc irk pysxk4 i,j eX dkaIk yxsxk rks i,j dk irk p
ysxk4 flj eX nnZ gksxk rks flj dk irk pysxk4
la¬Îr eX nqA[ vk,j Kku ds fyS Sd gh 'çn g,38osnuk94 osn dk vFZ Kku gksrk
g,4 fon dk vFZ tkuusokyk gksrk g,4 c\Lk vuwOk 'çn g, osnuk4 nqfu;k dh fdlh
Hk"k eX Sslk 'çn ugC g,4 la¬Îr ds ikl dqN 'çn gT tks nqfu;k dh fdlh Hk"
k eX ugC gT3gks gh ugC ldrs4 D;kXfd ftügkXus os 'çn fu√er fdS] mügkXus c\Lh
vuqHwfr ls mügX jpk g,4 osnuk dk vFZ gksrk g, tkuuk vk,j osnuk dk vFZ gksrk
g, nqA[4 tc nqA[ gksrk] rHh Kku curk g,4 nqA[ dk gh Kku gksrk g,4 blfyS
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us yxrs gks4 pys mjyh dkapu3miokl dj yX4 vk,j rqégX miokl djokusokys fe
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j g,] fGj rks d¥io1{ ds uhps c,OXxs vk,j tks Hh pkfgS og izkîr dj yXxs6 t,lk
pkfgS] tc pkfgS mlh {< feysxk4 Ssls fdlh fnu nl7ikap fnu /eZ7ppkZ lq
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k nsrk g, vk,j 'jhj dks jkth dj nsrk g, †;knk ipkus ds fyS4 rks 'jhj >iÈk
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vk,j mudh ckr eX Hh lπpkB g,] mudh rjG ls lπpkB g,4 mudks ;gka dqN fn
[kB ugC i\Lrk] ;gka /u yqI gh ugC jgk g,4 /u rks os dek jgs gT4 rqe rks ;
gka c,Os7c,Os /hjs7/hjs fu/Zu gks tkvksxs4 rqégX yx jgk g, fd rqe /u ywI jgs gks4
rks Sd ckr le>ks] /u vk,j 8/u9 Hh rks ns[uk i\Lrk g,2 ftügX ckgj dh o¬rq
vkX eX /u fn[kB i\Lrk g,] mügX Hhrj dh o¬rqvkX eX /u ugC fn[kB i\Lrk4 ft
ügX Hhrj dh o¬rqvkX eX /u fn[kB i\L tkrk g, mügX ckgj dh o¬rqvkX eX /u u
gC fn[kB i\Lrk4
cq0 us viuk jktegy Nks\Lk rks muds lkjFh us] tc mügX Nks\Lus x;k taxy eX]
mlus muds i,j id\L fyS4 cw\Pk lkjFh] cpiu ls cq0 dks jF ij ?qek;k fd;k
g,4 cpiu ls cq0 dks c\Prs gqS ns[k g,4 mldk Hh csIs t,lk yxko g, cq0 ls4
mlus cq0 ds i,j id\L fyS vk,j dgk fd ;g D;k dj jgs gks] ;g taxy eX dg

vtgw psr xaokj
ka tk jgs gks` bl egy dks Nks\L dj3bl laxejejh egy dks Nks\L dj2 ml lqa
nj ;'ks/jk dks] rqégkjh i®uh dks Nks\L dj2 ml uS7uS i,nk gqS csIs jkgqy dks
Nks\L dj2 vius cw\Ps cki dks Nks\L dj2 rqe tk dgka jgs gkss` rqe cw\Ps cki ds g
kF dh yd\Lh gks4 vk,j ;g lqanj egy vk,j ;g lkjk o,Ho2 taxy eX feysxk D;
k` rqe eq>ls iwNks3eq> cw\Ps ls iwNks2 eT taxykX eX [wc HIdk gwa] ogka dqN Hh u
gC g,4 vk,,j nqfu;k rks egykX dh rjG tkuk pkgrh g,4 rqégkjk fnekx Ohd g,`
rqe egy Nks\L dj tk jgs gks2 dk,u ugC tks jktk u gksuk pkgs2 vk,j jktk gksuk
rqégkjs gkF eX g, vk,j Nks\L dj tk jgs gks2
og cw\Pk jksus yxk4 mldh ckr Hh rks Ohd g,4 ml cw\Ps dks taxykX eX dqN Hh u
gC fn[kB i\Lrk4 mls lc egy eX fn[kB i\Lrk g,4
xjhc vkneh dk /u egy eX ekywe gksrk g,4 ;g rks dHh fdlh vehj dks le
> eX vkrk g, fd egy eX dqN Hh ugC g,4 ;g rks fdlh vehj ds vuqHo eX ck
r mrjrh g, fd ;gka dqN Hh ugC] D;kXfd ns[ fy;k] ik;k ugC4 'ksjxqy rks c
gqr g,] lkj fc¥dqy ugC g,4
cq0 galus yxs4 mügkXus dgk] rw rsjh rjG ls Ohd dgrk g,] ysfdu esjh rjG ls
ogka dqN Hh ugC g,4 ogka ls eT ns[ dj vk jgk gwa4 rw rks ckgj7ckgj Fk cw\Ps4
rw rks lkjFh gh Fk4 eT Hhrj jg dj vk jgk gwa] ogka dqN Hh ugC g,4 vk,j f
tügX rw egy dgrk g,3lqanj] vkyh'ku] o,Ho ls Hjs] laxejej ds3mügX eT dso
y yiIkX ls tyrk gqvk ns[ jgk gwa4 eq>s t¥nh nwj fudy tkus ns4 blds igys f
d os eq>s Hh [kd dj nX] D;kXfd os cgqrkX dks [kd dj pqds gT3esjs firk ds fi
rk vk,j muds firk vk,j muds firk] os lc ogC [kd gks xS gT3eq>s Hkx tkus
ns4 ogka yiIX mO jgh gT4
og cw\Pk ns[rk g, egy dh rjG] ogka dksB yiI ugC g,4 ;g c\Lk n1f‘I;kX dk
Hsn g,4 vk,j cq0 us tks dgk Fk Ohd gh dgk Fk4 D;kXfd taxy eX gh feyk4 tks
/u Fk] ije/u Fk] og Sd fnu c,Odj taxy eX gh feyk4 og NA lky dh
vFd [kst ds ckn Sd fnu fujatuk unh ds rI cIo1{ dh Nk;k eX c,Os gqS og
/u cjlk4
rks Sd vn1æ; /u g,4 rHh rd vn1æ; g, tc rd rqégkjh vka[X ckgj ls my>h
gT4 mlh fnu n1æ; gks tkSxk ftl fnu rqégkjh vka[ ckgj ls eqDr gks xB4 n1f‘
I dh ∂kafr pkfgS4
rqe iwNrs gks A iyIw dgrs gT Hkxor7/u dh ywI gks jgh g, vk,j 8tks pkgs lks
ys;94
Ohd dgrs gT3'r7izfr'r Ohd dgrs gT4 cl pkguk gh i;kZîr g, ysus ds fyS4
tks pkg, lks ys;4 dksB jksd ugC jgk g,4
lekf/ dk /u Sslk g, fd mls dksB Hh jksd ugC jgk g,4 rqégX dksB ck/k ugC L
ky jgk g,4 exj c\Lk etk g,4 ftl /u ij c\Lh ck/kSa gT] tks rqégX feyuk Sd

vtgw psr xaokj
ne vklku ugC g,] ml ij rqe IwIs i\L jgs gks vk,j tks fey Hh x;k vxj] rks
Hh dqN feysxk ugC] ml ij rqe IwIs i\L jgs gks] ml ij ywI eph g,4 vk,j tks
/u dkssB Hh Nhuus dks ekywe ugC gks jgk vk,sj tks /u bruk g, fd lHh dks fe
y tkS] rks Hh ü;wu ugC gksrk3ml /u dh rjG rqe tk Hh ugC jgs gks4
rqe lc Hkxs tk jgs gks ckgj dh rjG4 vk,j rqégkjk /u rqégkjs Hhrj g,4 rqégk
jk /u rqe gks4 rqégkjs gksus eX] rqégkjh lRk eX rqégkjk /u g,4 rqégkjs 'wü; eX]
rqégkjs ek,u eX] rqégkjk /u g,4 rqégkjs vf¬r®o eX lek;k g, /u4
[tkuk ys dj rqe vkS gks4 pkch Hh rqégkjs ikl g,4 ysfdu bl pkch dks rqe
dHh Hhrj dh rjG yxkrs ugC] ckgj dh rjG yxkrs gks4 ;gh vka[X tks ckgj
dh rjG Hkx jgh gT] nwj fn'kvkX eX nk,\Lh pyh tk jgh gT] ;gh vka[X yk,I dj
vius /u dks [kst ysrh gT4 ;gh gkF tks vk,j lkjs lalkj dks id\Lrs fGj jgs
gT] bügC gkFkX eX fNih MtkZ Hhrj dh rjG yk,I dj ije /u dks laHky ysrh
g,4 ysfdu dksB jksdrk ugC4 fGj Hh rqe mlds î;kls ugC4
rqe vHh lalkj ls Fds ugC gks4 rqégX yxrk g, ;gka 'k;n gks4 vkt ugC feyk]
dy feys4 ftruk feyk g, 'k;n brus ls r1fîr ugC gks jgh6 Fks\Lk vk,j †;knk f
eys] rks r1fîr gks tkS4
nl gtkj rqégkjs ikl gT] rks 'k;n nl yk[ gkXxs rks r1fîr gks tkSxh4 nl yk[
gkXxs rks eu dgsxkA nl djks\L gks tkSa rks r1fîr gks tkSxh4 vk,j eu ds G,yko
dk dksB var ugC g,4 eu vkad\Ls c\Ls djrk pyk tkrk g,4 rqe tgka jgkssxs ogC
ls eu ds vkad\Ls ckgj vk,j Hfo‘; dh rjG fo¬rh<Z gks tkSaxs4 eu f{frt d
h rjg G,yrk pyk tkrk g,4 eu dHh Hh rqégX Sslk ek,dk u nsxk fd vc vkxs
ugC g,4
ej x;k gksrk dHh dk vkinkvkX dh dfOu ekj ls4
;fn ugC vk'k Jo< eX fu®; ;gh lans' nsrh î;kj ls3
?waI ;g ih yks fd ladI tk jgk g,
vkt ls vπNk fnol dy vk jgk g,4
ej x;k gksrk dHh dk vkinkvkX dh dfOure ekj ls2 dHh dk ;g eu ej x
;k gksrk] ysfdu ;g eu vk'k dh nh;k tykS j[rk g,4 ;g eu dgrk pyk t
krk g,A ;fn ugC vk'k Jo< eX fu®; ;g lansg nsrh î;kj ls2 c\Lh ehOh ckrX d
grk g, eu4 eu dgrk g, fG∂ u djks4 nqfnZu xS] Hys fnu vkus dks gh gT4 vc
er yk,I4 djhc vk dj er yk,I tkvks4 vc rks gkF eX gh g, eafty] vc er
yk,I tkvks4 ikxy gqS gks` bruh nwj py vkS] vc dgka yk,I dj tkrs gks`
?waI ;g ih yks fd ladI tk jgk g,

vtgw psr xaokj
vkt ls vπNk fnol dy vk jgk g,4

dy dHh vkrk ugC4 vk,j eu dgs pys tkrk g,A 8vk jgk g,] vk jgk g,2 cl \
tjk gh nwj g,] vk;k gh tkrk g,4 9 dy dHh vkrk ugC4 dy lnk nwj gh cuk
jgrk g,4 rqégkjs chp vk,j dy ds chp nwjh 'kæor g,6 lnk mruh gh gksxh ftr
uh lnk ls g,4 mleX dHh dksB deh ugC i\Lsxh4 vk,j eu lnk dy dh ckrX dj
rk jgsxk4
;g tks eu dk /u g,] dy eX g,4 vk,j dy vkrk ugC4 vk,j ;g vlyh /u og
vHh g,] ;gC g, vk,j rqégkjs Hhrj vk,j rqégkjs lkF gh vk;k g,4 vlyh /u [ks
rk gh ugC] flGZ fo¬ej< gksrk g, 4 vk,j udyh /u dHh feyrk gh ugC] flGZ
vk'k ca/rh g,4
rks iyIw dgrs rks Ohd gh gT fd tks pkgs lks ys;4 ftl fnu pkgksxs] ftl fnu
Hh r; dj yksxs fd cl Mc vk;k] Fd x;k] vc vk,j dy dh nk,\L ugC] vc
vk,j vkik/kih ugC] le> fy;k eu dks6 eu dk xf<r le> eX vk x;k fd
;g rks jkst gh ;gh dgs pyk tkSxk fd dy] dy] dy6 bl tüe eX ugC] vx
ys tüe eX6 ;gka ugC] ¬oxZ eX6 ;gka ugC] dgC vk,j2 eu lnk dgrk g,A dgC vk,
j g, lq[2
ns[ks] fH[eaxk l\Ld ij lksprk g, pyrs le; fdlh egy eX tks fojkteku g,
ogka g, lq[4 vk,j egy eX tks c,Ok g, ijs'ku7ihf\Lr] jkr Hj lks Hh ugC ldk~~
~ egy eX uCn dgka2 ftldh Hw[ Hh ej xB~ ~ ~ egy eX Hw[ dgka2 tks fdlh
rjg nokb;kX ds lgkjs thS tk jgk g,] og lksprk g, jk¬rs ij pyrs fH[kjh d
ks ns[ dj fd 'k;n bl fH[eaxs dh e¬rh eX lq[ gks3ns[ks fdl ets ls pyk t
k jgk g, Sdrkjk ctkrk2 ns[rk g, bl fH[eaxs dks jk¬rs ij lks;k gqvk /wi eX]
?uh /wi eX] vk,j xqjkZIs ys jgk g,2 vk,j og vius egykX eX lqanjre fc¬rj cuk
S gqS g,] rks Hh ugC lks ikrk4 uCn vlaHo gks xB g,] p,u gjke gks x;k g,4 fH
[eaxs dks ns[dj] mldh pky dks ns[ dj] mldh e¬rh dks ns[dj] mlds fu
}Ω} Hko dks ns[dj] vehj dks yxrk g, 'k;n lc Nks\L nsus eX lq[ g,4
rqe Hh Sslk lksprs gks] blfyS rqels dg jgk gwa4 lkspuk4 rqe lnk Sslk lksprs
gks dksB vk,j lq[ ik jgk g,4 'gj eX jgusokyk lksprk g, xkao eX jgus okys yks
x c\Ls lq[h gT4 xkaookys ls rks iwNks dHh4 xkaookyk yk[ dksf'' dj jgk g, fd
d,ls ckgj igqap tkS4 cacb;k lksprk g, fd d,ls xkao igqap tkS vk,j xkaookyk
lksprk g, fd d,ls cacb;k gks tkS4 xkaookys dh Sd gh vk'k yxh g, dHh cacB
igqap tkS4 vk,j cacBokyk lksprk jgrk g,] dforkSa Hh i\Prk g,4 os cacbS gh
fy[rs gT4 os dforkSa Hh cacB eX jgusokys yksx fy[rs gT3xkao ds lkTn;Z dh]
xkao dh izÎfr dh] xkao ds fulxZ dh4 xkao7okao tkrs ugC os4 dk,u jksd jgk g,
rqégX xkao tkus ls`

vtgw psr xaokj
eT fn¥yh eX Fk vk,j Sd Vgnh ds c\Ls dfo eq>s feyus vkS4 mügkXus Sd dfork
lqukB4 xkao dh c\Lh iz'alk2 eTus muls iwNk] dfork rks Ohd g, exj Sd loky
iwNwa] ukjkt rks u gksvksxs` mügkXus dgk fd ugC4 os lksps fd 'k;n eT dfork
ds laca/ eX dqN iwN jgk gwa4 eTus dgk] rqégX jksdrk dk,,u g,` fn¥yh eX rqels dg
dk,u jgk g, fd rqe jgks` dksB fn¥yh rqégkjs ihNs i\Lh g,` rqe xkao tkrs D;kX
ugC`
os rks \tjk pkTds4 nl7ikap vk,j yksx c,Os Fs] os \tjk csp,u gks xS4 bldk mRj
D;k nX2
~ ~ ~jksdrk dk,u g, rqégX` vHh fudy tkvks4 fIfdI dh fnDdr g,` rks eT ftu
ds ?j eX Ogjk Fk] eTus mudks dgk fd fIfdI dk bartke dj nX4 budks vc t
kus nX4 u i®uh g, u cπps gT4 fn¥yh eX Hh ?j7}kj ugC g,6 gksIy eX jgrs gT4 dk
gs ijs'ku gks` dk,u7ls xkao tkuk g,` 3eTus muls iwNk4
mügkXus dgkA vki Hh [wc gT2 D;k eq>s Hst gh nXxs`
8fdl xkao dh ;g r¬ohj rqeus mrkjh g,`9
dgus yxs A fdlh xkao dh ugC] ;g rks xkao ek_ dh g,4
eTus dgk A fGj Hh rks dksB xkao~ ~ ~` ;g dgC g, tehu ij] ogka rqégX Hst nX
` vk,j rqe nqckjk yk,I dj fn¥yh er vkuk 4
mügkXus dgkA ;g rks dfork g,4 vki Hh bldks c\Lh xaHhjrk ls ys jgs gT4 8eT
rks le>k fd bruh rqeus esgur dh g,] jkr nsj rd txs gksvksxs] dfork fy[h
g,] tks\L7rks\L fd;k] 'çn cukS] rks dqN eryc dh gksxh4 dk,u jksdrk g,`9
ysfdu ;s xkao tkrs ugC4 ;s xkao ls gh vkS gT vk,j budks HyhHkafr irk g, fd
xkao dk lkTn;Z d,lk g,4 vHh cjlk ds fnu gT rks dhp\L gh dck\L g, ogka4 vk,,j
eπNj gT4 vk,j [Iey gT vk,,j gtkj rjg dh chekfj;ka gT4 vk,j Hq[ejh g,4 vk,
j ;g lc izÎfr vk,j lkTn;Z] ;g lc cdokl 'gj eX c,Os vkneh dks lw> jgh
g,4
ysfdu rqe tgka ugC gks ogka lkTn;Z fn[kB i\Lrk g,] ogka ?I jgh g, vlyh ckr
4 rqe tgka gks] dqN ijek®ek Sslk ukjkt g, fd ogC Hj ugC ?Irh] vk,j lc
txg ?Irh g,4
gj nwljs dh 'Dy rqégX galrh gqB ekywe i\Lrh g,4 vk,j rqe Hh Hyh Hkafr tku
rs gks fd rqe tc ?j ls fudyrs gks rks vkBuk eX ns[7nk[ dj] psgjk cukcwuk
dj rqe Hh eq¬djkrs fudyrs gks4 fGj Hh rqégkjh vDy eX ugC vkrk fd Ssls
gh lHh eq¬djkrs fudyrs gT ?j ls4 ;g /ks[k g,4 dksB eq¬djk ugC jgk g,4 ;s
lc jks jgs gT4 ;g Hhrj ds vkalqvkX dks fNik ysus dh rjdhc g,4 ;g vkoj< g,
;g eq¬djkgI4 D;kXfd jksuk \tjk vH– gksxk4 vk,j dk,u viuh csb†trh djrk
g,2 jk¬rs ij [\Ls gksdj jksuk3dk,u viuh nhurk fn[kS2 'jek jgs gT vius jksus
ls] rks eq¬djkgI iksrdj fudys gT4 fNik yh gT >qfj;ka thou dh ikoLj eX] y

vtgw psr xaokj
kyh eX yxk dj4 fdlh rjg Nqik fyS gT viuh vka[kX ds va/sjs lqjek7dkty eX4
fdlh rjg cu7Ou dj ckgj vk xS gT4 budks ns[ dj nwljs eksgXxs vk,,j lkspXxs
A xtc] rks ;g vkneh us ik fy;k ekywe gksrk g,] ;g vkneh Sslh e¬rh ls p
yk tk jgk g,2 blls rks iwNks2 blds Hhrj rks >kadks4 vk,j blds Hhrj >kadus
dh dksB tWjr ugC] rqe vius Hhrj >kadks] rqe Hh rks ;gh dj jgs gks2
ge nwljs dks /ks[s nsrs gT vk,j bl dkj< lkjh nqfu;k geX /ks[k ns jgh g,4 rqe
tks dj jgs gks ogh nwljs yksx Hh dj jgs gT4 dksB ;gka lq[h ugC g,4 D;kXfd lq[
rks Hhrj tkus ls feyrk g,4 ;gka dksB Hhrj tkrk ugC ekywe i\Lrk g,6 lc
dh MtkZ ckgj cgh tk jgh g,3/u7in eX] izfr‘Ok eX4 fn¥yh pyks2 lHh tk fn¥
yh jgs gT4 fdlh rjg pyks fn¥yh ds djhc gh igqap tkvks6 u igqaps fn¥yh Hh
rks dgC rks jk¬rs eX djhc igqap xS6 ftrus djhc igqap xS mruk gh lq[ fey
tkSxk4
vius Hhrj vkus ls dksB lq[ dks miyç/ gksrk g,4 rc psgjkX ij eq¬djkgI iksr
uh ugC i\Lrh4 rc Sd nhfîr gksrh g,3lgt] Hhrj ls mOrh4 rc Sd 'kafr gks
rh g,] ftlds fyS dksB vk;kstu ugC djuk gksrk4 tkxks] rks jgrh g,6 lks tkvks
] rks jgrh g,4 mOks rks jgrh g,] c,Oks rks jgrh g,4 cksyks rks] pqi jgks rks4 rc
Sd vkuan dh ygj pk,chl ?aIs cuh jgrh g,3ftldks iyIw us dgk fd vkOkX ig
j rwjk ctrk g,4 og ctrk gh jgrk g, Hhrj dk laxhr4 mls ctkuk Fks\Ls gh i\
Lrk g,4 og ct gh jgk g,4 og rqégkjs Hhrj bl {< Hh ct jgk g, 4 ywI lds
rks ywI4
exj ywIus eX ck/k D;k g,` dksB ck/k ugC3flok; blds fd rqe Hhrj tkrs u
gC6 rqe ckgj Hkxs tk jgs gks4 rqe vius ls dkslkX nwj [\Ls gks4 rqe vius ls Ssls
Hkxs gks t,ls dksB vius nqæeu ls Hkx x;k gks4 rqe vius ls Ssls Hkxs gks t,ls
dksB ek,r ls Hkx x;k gks4 rqe vius ikl gh ugC vkrs4 rqe nwj7nwj pDdj ekj
jgs gks4 rqe pkan7rkjkX ij ?we jgs gks] ysfdu dHh ?j ugC yk,Irs4 rqégkjk ?j
] rqégkjs ?j dk ekxZ tüekX7tüekX ls u pyus ds dkj< rqégX fc¥dqy vifjfpr g
ks x;k g,4 blfyS dksB xqQ pkfgS fd tks rqégX ?j ds ekxZ dks fGj ls ;kn fny
k ns4
lkjk /eZ ?j okil yk,I vkus dh ;k_k g,4 ;g iquA okilh g,4 egkohj us bldks
izfr∂e< dgk g,4 vk∂e< rqe dj jgs gks vHh4 vk∂e< dk vFZ g,A ogka g,
lq[] tkMaxk] dçtk dj ywaxk4 izfr∂e< dk vFZ g, yk,I vkuk3okil yk,I vkuk
4 ogka ugC g, lq[] ;gka g, lq[4 eT gwa lq[] vius eX yk,,I vkMaxk4
iyIw dgrs gT] bruh gh Hj tWjr g, fd rqe pkgks4 vk,j pkg d,ls i,nk gks` p
kg rHh i,nk gksxh tc rqe viuh ckgj pkg dh ?uhHwr ih\Lk dks ns[k4 rqe D;
k dj jgs gks`

vtgw psr xaokj
t,ls gh ckgj dh vlfy;r rqégX fn[kB i\Lus yxsxh~~~ vk,j dksB dkj< ugC g, f
d D;kX fn[kB u i\Ls4 rqe ns[uk ugC pkgrs] ns[rs ugC] ns[us ls cprs gks4
iz®;sd vfuæp; ls dqN u‘I gksrk gwa
iz®;sd fu"s/ ls dqN [kyh
iz®;sd uS ifjp; ds ckn nwuk vifjfpr
iz®;sd bπNk ds ckn u;h rjg ls ihf\Lr
gj vfu√n‘I pj< fu√n‘I ds lehirj i\Lrk g,
gj vklfDr ds ckn eu mnkfl;kX ls f?jrk g,4
tkxks vk,j \tjk ns[ks4
gj vuqjfDr eq>s dqN bl rjg fcrk tkrh g,4
ekuks fGj thus ds fyS dksB Hfo‘; ugC cprk g,4
fdruh ckj rqeus os gh lq[ tkus] ftudks rqe vHh Hh pkgus dh vkdka{k ls H
js gks2 fGj feyk D;k` Fks\Lk ij[ks2 Fks\Lk dlks2
Sd ¬_h ds] lqanj ¬_h ds izse eX i\L xS Fs fd lqanj iqQ" ds izse eX i\L xS4 fG
j fey xB lqanj ¬_h] fGj D;k gqvk` Sd ckj yk,I dj ns[ks] foæys"< djks4 f
Gj gqvk D;k` dgka [ks x;k lkTn;Z` dgka [ks xB lqanj ¬_h` dgka [ks x;k izse
` gkF eX jk[ jg xB] vaxkj Hh rks ugC4 vk,j vc fGj rqe ;kstuk cuk jgs g
ks4
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fd eq¥yk cgqr nqA[h ekywe i\Lrs gks4 rqégkjs nqA[ dks ns[dj rks Sslk yxrk g,
fd vc rqe nqckjk fookg ugC djksxs4
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'k dh fot; gks tkrh g,4
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Sd xgjk vuqHo crk jgk g,4 og dg jgk g, fd vuqHo ij vk'k dh fot; g
ks tkrh g,4 bl i®uh ds lkF flok; nqA[ ds vk,j dqN Hh ugC tkuk3rqe tkurs
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4 gj ckj Sslk gqvk rqe vuqjDr Fs Sd Hou eX] Sd edku ds [jhn ysus eX6
fGj rqeus c\Lh esgur dh] o"k˜ Je mOk;k] /u dek;k] pksjh7pikIh csBekuh
dh] /ks[k/\Lh dh] lc tky7lkft;ka dC] fdlh rjg ml edku dks ikus eX le
FZ gks xS3fGj D;k gqvk` feyk lq[` igqaps fdlh vkuan eX` dksB e≈urk cjlh
` dksB Gwy f[ys` fGj [kyh ds [kyh] fGj jk[ ds jk[4 fGj lkspus yxs fd
dksB nwljk edku4 Ssls rqe thou ds gj vuqHo ls xqtjs gks] cgqr ckj xqtjs g
ks6 ysfdu rqe vuqHo ls lh[rs gh ugC4 vuqHo ij vk'k dh fot; gkss tkrh g,
4
vxj vuqHo ls lh[ks rks ;g rqégX fn[kB i\LsxkA
iz®;sd vfuæp; ls dqN u‘I gksrk gwa4
iz®;sd uS ifjp; ds ckn nwuk vifjfpr4
rqe viuh i®uh ls vifjfpr gks xS gks ;k ugC] ;g eq>s lksp dj dgks4 lkspu
k vius Hhrj4 ifjp; cukus pys F]s lkspk Fk fd fookg djds blls ifjfpr g
ks tkSaxs4 exj ifjp; gqvk` rhl7rhl lky rd yksx ifr7i®uh dh rjg jgs gT
vk,j vifjfpr vk,j \tjk Hh Sd7nwljs dks igpkurs ugC vk,j \tjk Hh nksukX ds
chp lkeat¬; ugC mO ldk g,] laxhr ugC mO ldk g,4 nksukX ds lqjrky feys u
gC3ifjp; dgka` ftrus fnu lkF jgksxs mrus vifjfpr gks tkrs gks4
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b/j iqjkuh bπNk iwjh ugC gqB fd uB bπNkvkX ds vadqj fudy vkrs gT4 ;g gks
rk gh jgsxk4 vk,j ;g gksrk gh jgk g,4 blh dks ge vkokxeu dk p∂ dgrs gT4
blh dks ge dgrs gT pk,jklh djks\L ;ksfu;kX eX HIduk4
gj vfu√n‘I pj< fu√n‘I ds lehirj i\Lrk g,4
gj vklfDr ds ckn eu mnkfl;kX ls f?jrk g,4

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fd ghjk g, vk,j tc mOk;k rks i®Fj ik;k4 exj vc Hh tc pednkj i®Fj
fn[kB i\Lsxk] fGj rqe ghjs dk Hze [k yksxs4 rqeus Hze [kus dh ftY gh dj j
[h g,4 rks fGj rqégX iyIw dk /u fn[kB u i\Lsxk4
rqégX tks /u ekywe gksrk g,] tc rd og rqégX dw\Lk7ddZI u fn[kB i\Ls] rc r
d iyIw dk /u u fn[kB i\Lsxk4 ;s nksukX /u Sd lkF fn[kB ugC i\L ldrs4
vxj rqégX nqfu;k eX /u fn[kB i\L jgk g, rks vk®ek eX /u ugC fn[kB i\Lsxk4
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gX nqfu;k eX dksB /u u fn[kB i\Lsxk] ml fnu nsj ugC g, fGj4 fGj Sd {<
eX yk,Iuk gks tkrk g,4 rqégX Hhrj dk /u fn[kB i\Lus yxsxk4
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ekuks fGj thus ds fyS dkssB Hfo‘; ugC cprk g,4
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gks tkrs gks] \tjk nsj ds fyS Fd tkrs gks4 jkr lks ysrs gks] lqcg fGj meax
ls Hj tkrs gks4 fGj nk,\L7/wi] fGj lalkj4 fGj G,yko] fGj d¥iuk ds tky4 v
xj rqeus thou ds lkjs nqA[kX dks Ohd7Ohd ns[k rks mudk bdØk ifj<ke ;g g
ksrk g, fd lalkj nqA[ g,4 ;g ckr ftruh l?u gks dj rqégkjs izk< ij [qn tkr
h g,] vafdr gks tkrh g,] mruh gh t¥nh iyIw dh ckr rqégX le> eX vk tkSxh
4
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d7Ohd ns[ ys] igpku ys] lc in∆ m?k\L dj igpku ys fd dgC dksB lq[ ugC
g,~ ~ ~
dqN bl dnj g, xes7Vtnxh ls fny ekuwl
f[tka xB rks cgkjkX eX Hh th ugC yxrk4

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Hh th ugC yxsxk4 vHh rks rqégX tgka dksB lq[ ugC g, ogka Hh lq[ ekywe gkssr
k g,4 vHh rks nqA[ eX Hh lq[ dk Hze gksrk g,4 fGj vlyh lq[ Hh lkeus [\Lk
gks tkS lalkj dk] rkss Hh rqégX nqA[ fn[kB nsxk4 D;kXfd vc rqe tkurs gks] ;s
lc /ks[s gT4 lalkj us cgqr ckj /ks[k fn;k g,4 ;g Hzked tky g,4 ;g e1x7ej
hfpdk g,4
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uk pkgks rks vHh fn[kB i\Ls] ;gC fn[kB i\Ls4 eT dqN Sslh ckr ugC dg jgk gwa
fd rqe lkspuk dy] fopkjuk] ns[uk4 rqe thS gks] dkGh th fyS gks4 lc v
uqHo nksgj pqds gT4 vuqHo fdrus Fkss\Ls gT4 \tjk lkspks rks2 nks7pkj ckrX] vkneh
nkssgjkrk jgrk g,4 ogh ∂ks/] fdruh ckj dj pqds ] gtkj ckj dj pqds yk[ c
kj dj pqds3vc dc rqégX vuqHo gksxk` ogh jkx] fdruh ckj dj pqds] ogh
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j fxuk tk lds] bruk g,6 dqN c\Ls xf<r dh tWjr ugC g,4 mlh7mlh dks ge
nksgjkrs jgrs gT4
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djhc7djhc lc nksgjk fy;k tks Vtnxh eX nksgjrk g,4 nqA[h gqS] ukjkt gqS] i
js'ku gqS] ihf\Lr gqS] viekfur gqS] naH f?jk] eksg id\Lk] jkx eX i\Ls] lc g
ks x;k4 Sd eghus eX lc nksgj tkSxk4 fGj rks u;k djus dks vk,j D;k cpk` f
Gj blh dks rqe fdruh gh ckj nksgjkrs jgks] fGj rqe xzkeksGksu ds Sd IwIs gqS
fjdkLZ gkss tkvksxs4 fGj ogh7ogh ydhj nksgjrh jgsxh] nksgjrh jgsxh4
iquQfDr g, thou4 blfyS rks geus pkd ls mldh miek nh g,4 bl ns' us th
ou dks vxj pdk dgk g,] p∂ dgk g,] rks blhfyS fd pkd ?werk jgrk g,4
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pks\Lrs ugC4 vuqHo ds fupks\L dk uke cks/ g,4
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feyk g,4 Sd >hy ij [kstus xS gT4 igyk HkB x;k4 ysfdu >hy ij >qdrk g
h Fk ikuh Hjus dks fd ;{ us o1{ ls vkokt nh fd Qd] igys esjs izæu dk m
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tc rd eq>s Ohd mRj ugC fey tkrk4 blfyS eT fdlh dks ikuh Hh ugC ihus

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tüekX ls eT ;gC vIdk gwa4
8D;k izæu g,`93 iwNks4
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c\Lk dfOu Hh4 igyk izæu ;gh fd vkneh ds laca/ eX lcls †;knk vkæp;Z dh
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dh dksf'' dh rks igyk HkB eqnkZ gks dj fxj i\Lk4 Ssls pkj HkB vkS vk,j
eqnkZ gks dj fxj i\Ls4 Sd ds ckn Sd4 fGj ;qf/f‘Oj var eX vkS4 pkjkX HkB x
S vk,j yk,Is ugC vk,j lka> gqB tkrh g,] D;k gqvk2 igqaps rks ml ;{ us fGj d
gk fd pkjkX dh yk'X i\Lh gT4 ml ;{ us dgk] esjs izæukX dk mRj pkfgS4
;qf/f‘Oj us tks mRj fn;k g,] og lh/k7ljy mRj g,4 ;gh rks lkjs lar lnk d
grs jgs gT] fGj Hh rqeus lquk ugC g,4 ;qf/f‘Oj us dgk] vkneh ds laca/ eX lc
ls vkæp;Z dh ;gh ckr g, fd og vuqHo ls lh[rk ugC g,4 mRj lgh Fk4 ;{
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dks Hh ftyk ns4 os HkB Hh ftyk fnS xS4 ;{ izlU Fk] D;kXfd og o1{ eX ca
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ks Vtnk yk,I ldrs Fs` rqe ;g mRj nsrs` ;g mRj rqégkjs thou ls mOrk` u
gC mOrk4 rks rqe Hh mlh ew\Prk eX i\Ls gks ftleX lkjs yksx i\Ls gT4 vuqHo lHh
dks gksrs gT4 tks vuqHokX dks fupks\L7fupks\L dj b_ cuk ysrk g,] gj vuqHo ls
b_ fupks\L ysrk g,~ ~ ~4
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lqcg Fs] lka> u jgs4 vHh gT] vHh dqégyk tkSaxs4 GwykX dks dksB laHky dj u
gC j[ ldrk4 frtksjh eX can Hh dj yksxs] rks l\L tkSaxs4 jk[ jg tkSxh dqN
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y rks ej tkSaxs] ysfdu b_ lfn;kX rd jg ldrk g,4 b_ 'kæor gks ldrk g,4
Ssls gh vuqHo ds Gwy gT4 vkt ∂ks/ fd;k] ;g Sd Gwy g,4 bleX ls fupks\L yks
3dqN cks/] dqN dke dh ckr g,] dqN lkj dh ckr4 bldks Ssls gh er tkus nks
4 vkt izse fd;k] bleX ls fupks\L yks dqN dke dh ckr3Sd Gwy f[yk4 vkt
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ogkj fd;k] fof{îrrk izdI dh4 ;s Gwy gT] fupks\L yks dqN4 Ssls jkst7jkst gj
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u gksrk g, vkneh4
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ls vkrh g,4 vk,j lcdks ;g 'k¬_ feyk g,4 ;g thou lcds ikl Sd t,lk g,3

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x,j7i\Ps fy[s ds ikl4 lcds ikl Sd7lk thou g,] D;kXfd thou ds vuqHo Sd7
ls gT4 ij cgqr Fks\Ls7ls7yksx bleX ls b_ fupks\Lrs gT4 tks b_ fupks\Lrs gT mudks
iyIw dh ckr tap tkSxh] le> eX vk tkSxh4 b_ fupks\L7fupks\L dj rqe ikv
ksxs fd ckgj ds thou ds fdlh vuqHo eX dksB lq[ ugC g,4 nqA[ gh nqA[ g,4 [k
fyl nqA[ g,4
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dFk nqA[ g,4 thou eX nqA[ fNik g,4 Mij7Mij lq[ ds vkHw"< gT] Hhrj7Hhr
j nqA[ ds ?ko gT4 Mij7Mij lq[ ds vanj o¬_ gT] Hhrj7Hhrj c\Lh va/sjh jk
r g,4 ftl fnu Sslk fn[kB i\L tkrk g, fd ckgj nqA[ ek_ g,] ftl fnu Sslh
izrhfr gksrh g, fd ckgj nqA[ ek_ g,3fGj dgka tkvksxs` fGj rks ckgj tkus d
ks dksB txg u jgh4 fGj rks Sd gh txg cph3Hhrj gh tk ldrs gks4
iyIw us dy dgk u fd nloX }kj ij c,Ok gwa4 uk, }kj3vka[] dku] ukd] eqag]
tuuXf–;ka] ;s lc uk, Nsn gT vkneh ds 'jhj eX4 rqégkjs lkjs rFkdfFr lq[ büg
C uk, NsnkX ls Hhrj vkrs gT4 lqxa/ vkrh g, ukd ls4 laxhr vkrk g, dku ls4 lkTn
;Z vkrk vka[ ls4 Sslk~ ~ ~4 vk,j bügC uk, fN–kX ls rqe tx eX tkrs gks] ckgj t
krs gkss4 Sd lqanj ¬_h dks ns[k] pys ckgj4 vka[ ls gh ns[k4 nwj tkrs ns[k4 ysf
du rqe py i\Ls mlds ihNs4 fGj rqe viuh i®uh ds lkF py jgs gks] ysfdu
gks ugC ogka4 i®uh r®{< igpku ysrh g, fd vki py i\Ls] vki dgC fudy x
S nwj4 if®u;kX dks /ks[k nsuk Hh eqfædy g,4 i®uh tkurh g,6 og iwNus yxrh g,
fd dgka pys xS] D;k ekeyk g,` rqe ;gka ugC ekywe gksrs4 vk,j Sslk Hh ug
C g, fd rqe vka[ cpkvkss rks cp ldrs gks4 rqe vka[ cpkvks rkss Hh pys xS4
vka[ cpkus dk eryc gh ;g g,A Sd ¬_h lqanj tkrh Fh] rqeus ugC ns[us dh
dksf'' dh] exj vc blls D;k gksrk g,6 ugC ns[us dh dksf'' eX gh pys xS4
Hhrj rks Wi mO vk;k4 vka[ ls rqe ckgj cg xS4
;s uk, Nsn gT4 vk,j Sd nloka Nsn g,4 8n'e }kj9 mldks Kkfu;kX us dgk g,4 og
nloka Nsn Hhrj dh rjG tkrk g,6 uk, Nsn ckgj dh rjG4 lalkj ds i{ eX rks
uk, ekxZ gT4 blfyS yksx lalkj eX lqxerk ls pyrs gT4 jk¬rkX ij jk¬rs gT6 ;g
pwds rks nwljk g,] nwljk pwds rks rhljk4 ;gka dB iIfj;ka bdØh nk,\Lrh gT4 ;gka
uk, iIfj;ka bdØh nk,\L jgh gT4 bl I≠su eX u feys txg rks nwljh eX fey tkrh
g,4 dgC u dgC fey tkrh g,4 yksx nk,,\Lrs jgrs gT4 dksB laxhr dk nhokuk g,]
dksB Wi dk nhokuk g,] dksB dke dk nhokuk g,] dksB /u dk nhokuk3nhokus gh
nhokus gT4 vk,j gjsd us viuh7viuh iIjh id\L yh g,4
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ks Hh uke ns yks4 gks' Hhrj tkus dk ekxZ g,4 lqjfr4 og Sd gh g,4 uk, ekxk˜
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ljk fg¬lk nwljh iIjh ij nk,\Lsxk4 Sd gkF Sd I≠su eX p\P x;k] Sd i,j nwljh
I≠su eX p\P x;k4 Sslh gkyr g, vkneh dh3[aL7[aL] Iqd\Ls7Iqd\Ls] vax7vax2 rqe
iwjs7iwjs Sd I≠su eX Hh dgka c,Os gks2 D;kXfd tks /u dh I≠su eX c,Ok g,] og in
dh I≠su eX Hh c,Ok g,4 og lksprk g,A /u dekdj pquko eX y\L yXxs4 tks in d
h I≠su eX c,Ok g,] og lksprk g,A Sd nGk fn¥yh igqap tkSa rks lkjh lqanj f¬_;kX
dks bdØk dj yXxs4 fGj D;k v\Lpu g,`fGj dk,u jksdus okyk g,`
rqe Sd gh I≠su eX Hh ugC gks] D;kXfd ckgj tkusokyh ;k_k Sd gh I≠su eX gks H
h ugC ldrh g,4 ;gka bruh I≠suX tk jgh gT6 rqe d,ls pwdkss2 lHh dks Hksx ysuk
pkgrs gks4 rks vka[ dgC p\P xB] dku dgC p\P xS] Ôn; dgC c,Ok] flj dgC
c,Ok] Sd i,j dgC] Sd vax dgC3Ssls rqe [aL7[aL gks xS4 Ssls vkneh fc[j
tkrk g,] fNrj tkrk g, Iqd\LkX7Iqd\LkX eX4 ;gh rks larki g,4 ;gh rks Vprk g,4 b
ueX }a} gkss tkrk g,4 Sd iwoZ tk jgk g,] Sd nf{< tk jgk g,4 vusd ?ks\LkX ij
lokj gks xS] vc Gkalh yxh4 vc c\Lh v\Lpu gksrh g,4 D;kXfd rqe Sd gks vk,
j rqe vusd ?ks\LkX ij d,ls lokj gks ldksxs` D;kXfd gkssvksxs rks >a>I eX i\Lksxs4
IwIksxs4 fof{îrrk vkSxh4
ftruh euq‘; dh oklukSa c\Prh tkrh gT mruh gh fof{îrrk vkrh tkrh g,] m
ruk thou dk laxhr 'wü; gks tkrk g,6 cslqjkiu gks tkrk g,6 Hhrj dh rkyc0
rk IwI tkrh g,4 og Sdrkjk fGj ugC ctrk4 og Sdrkjk g,4 Gdhj ds gkF eX
rqeus Sdrkjk ns[k u] og cgqr rkjkXokyh oh<k ugC ctkrk4 cgqr rkjkXokyh
oh<k rks lalkj eX ys tkrh g,4 Gdhj rks Sdrkjk ctkrk g,4 mleX Sd rkj g,4
og n'e }kj dh [cj nsrk g,4 og rkss Sd dks gh ;kn djrk g,4 og cgqr ls
izse ugC djrk6 og Sd dks izse djrk g,4
blfyS iyIw us dgk A ifrozrk2 HDr rks ifrozrk gksrk g,4 mlus rks Sd dks i
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4
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vtgw psr xaokj
blfyS iyIw dgrs gT A uko Hh fey tkS rks D;k djksxs` dsoI rks gksuk pkfg
S4 ek>h dgka g,` 'k¬_ fey tkS] D;k djksxs` 'k¬rk gksuk pkfgS4 gkF id\L
usokyk dgka g,` 'k¬_ dks rqe id\L ldrs gks4 rqe rkss [qn gh Lwcus okys gks]
rqégkjs lkF 'k¬_ Hh Lwc tkSxk4 dksB pkfgS tks rqégX id\L ys4 rks 'k;n cp
ldks4 dksB tks ¬o;a r,j ldrk gks] rks rqégX cpk ys4 vk,j Sd nGk Fks\Ls fnu l
kF gks tkS] r,jus dk vuqHo vk tkS4
r,juk dqN c\Lh dfOu ckr ugC g,4
lp rkss ;g g,] r,jus eX ge dqN lh[rs Fks\Ls gh gT4 r,jus eX rks dsoy flGZ vk®
efoæokl c\Prk g,4 vk,j dqN Hh ugC gksrk] lh[rs ge dqN Hh ugC4 r,juk dksB
lh[u7lh[kou Fks\Ls gh g,4 blfyS rks Sd ets dh ckr g, fd r,juk vxj rqe
Sd nGk lh[ xS rks fGj ipkl lky u r,jks rks Hwy Fks\Ls gh tkvksxs4 ipkl
lky vxj rqe Hk"k lh[ xS gks] u cksyks rks Hwy tkvksxs4 ipkl lky rd d,
ls ;kn j[ksxs` lh[k gqvk Hwy tkSxk4 ysfdu r,juk ugC Hwyrk4 r,juk lh[us
t,lk ugC g,6 dqN ckr fHU g,4 vxj ipkl lky rd rqeus eku yks teZu Hk"k
lh[ yh vk,j ipkl lky rd cksys ugC] mi;ksx ugC fd;k] i\Ph ugC] lquh ug
C] rks ipkl lky ckn lkG gks tkSxh6 irk Hh ugC pysxk fd dHh rqeus lh[h
Fh4
ysfdu r,juk] ipkl lky rd rqe r,jks gh er] Sd nGk r,juk lh[ fy;k] fG
j unh tkvks gh er] ljksoj ds ikl tkvks gh er] ipkl lky ds ckn Hh ikuh
eX mrjksxs] r,jksxs4 GdZ g, dqN4 ;g ckr ¬e1fr ls lacaf/r gksrh rks Hwy xB gks
rh4 ;g ckr ¬e1fr ls lacaf/r ugC g,4 GdZ ;g g, fd r,juk rks geX vkrk gh g,]
og gekjk ¬oHko g,4 fGj ge unh eX Ljrs D;kX gT` Ljus dk dkj< g, A vk®e
foæokl dh deh4 r,juk ugC vkrk] Sslk ugC4
r,jus okyk D;k djrk g,] rqeus ns[k` uS flD[\L dks unh eX ys tkvks] og D;k
djrk g,` nksukX Sd gh dke djrs g, nksukssa gkF7i,j G\LG\Lkrs gT4 flD[\L csrj
rhc ls G\LG\Lkrk g, vk,j ?c\Lkrk g, vk,j Ljrk g,4 lh[k gqvk Hh gkF7i,j G\L
G\Lkrk g,3ø;o¬Fk ls G\LG\Lkrk g,] laxfr ls3vk,j Ljrk ugC vk,j fuHZ; G\LG\L
krk g,] D;kXfd mls Hjkslk vk x;k g,4 og tkurk g,4 fGj tc r,jus eX dksB fc¥
dqy dq'y gks tkrk g, rks gkF7i,j Hh G\LG\Lkrk] unh ij Ssls gh r,j tkrk g,4
rqeus Sd pe®dkj ns[k ;k ugC fd eqnkZ vkneh unh ij r,j tkrk g, vk,j Vtnk
Lwc tkrk g,4 tWj dqN ekeyk g,4 eqnkZ Lwck gqvk] Mij vk tkrk g,] r,jus yx
rk g,4 eqnk˜ dks rjdhc ekywe gks vk,j VtnkX dks rjdhc ugC ekywe 2 eqnkZ u r
ks gkF7i,j G\LG\Lkrk u dqN] flGZ r,j tkrk g,4 D;k ckr gksxh` eqn∆ dks H; u
gC g,4 vc ej gh xS] vc H; D;k ` vc ej gh xS rks H; fdldks2 eqnkZ fu
HZ; g,4 Vtnk vkneh H;Hhr g,4 H; Lqckrk g,] unh ugC Lqckrh4 bl ckr dks
rqe [;ky eX j[ ysuk4 xkaO cka/ ysuk ghjs dh rjg4 H; Lqckrk g,] unh ugC

vtgw psr xaokj
Lqckrh4 blfyS r,jus eX rqe dq'y gks tkrs gks rks H; feI tkrk g,] rks rqe eq
n∆ dh rjg ikuh ij r,j ldrs gks] Vtnk jgrs gqS Hh4 vlyh r,jkd gkF7i,j Fk\s
Ls gh fgykrk g,6 vlyh r,jkd rks Ssls gh frj tkrk g,4 frjus eX vk,j r,jus eX
;gh GdZ g,4 frjus dk eryc g,A og Ssls gh i\L tkrk g, unh ij] etk ysus y
xrk g,] /wi vk jgh6 /wi7¬uku ys ysrk g, unh eX i\Lk7i\Lk] gkF7i,j Hh ugC fg
ykrk] Lwcrk Hh ugC4 GdZ D;k gks x;k` vc Hjkslk vk x;k4
lkjh ckr J0k dh g,3vius ij J0k vk tkS4 vHh rqégX vius ij J0k ugC
blfyS fdlh Ssls vkneh dk gkF id\L yks ftls vius ij J0k gks6 ftlds ik
l rqégX Sd ckr le> eX vkrh gks fd bl vkneh dks vius ij Hjkslk g,6 ftl
vkneh dks vius ij Hjkslk gks6 ftl vkneh dks \tjk Hh lansg dh Wijs[k u g
ks6 ftl vkneh dks vc \tjk Hh fLxfexh u gks6 iyIw dgrs gT] fLxfexh feI x
B gks6 tks vc fFj gksdj c,O x;k gks3mldk gkF id\L yks4
laü;kl dk vk,j D;k vFZ g,` laü;kl dk bruk gh vFZ g, A fdlh dk gkF id\L
yks] nh{k ys yks4 f'‘;®o ¬ohdkj djks3fdlh dk] tks r,juk tkurk g,4 tks frj
rk gks ikuh eX fcuk gkF7i,j r\LGkS4 t¥nh gh rqe Hh ;ks≈; gks tkvksxs4 vk,j ;
ks≈;rk dqN [kl ugC g,4 ;ks≈;rk bruh gh g, fd rqedks Hh ikuh eX mrj7mrj
dj Hjkslk vk tkSxk fd vius gkF7i,j pykus ls Lwcus ls cpk tk ldrk g,4 S
d ckr4 fGj /hjs7/hjs nwljh ckr irk pysxh fd 8gkF7i,j Hh r\LG\Lkus dh tW
jr ugC g,6 cpuk ¬okHkfod g,4 ikuh rks eqn∆ dks r,jk nsrk g,] rks eT rks Vtnk gwa
] eq>s D;kX u r,jkSxk29 rqe Qddj i\L tkrs gks4 tc Sd nGk Qddj i\L tkrs
gks vk,j ugC Lwcrs3cl Sd nGk vuqHo dh fdj< mrj xB fd ugC Lwcrk] Lw
cuk gksrk gh ugC3H; x;k3H; lnk dks x;k4
ln.xqQ ds lax7lkF eX H; feI tkrk g,4 ln.xqQ Hxoku Fks\Ls gh ns ldrk g, rqégX
6 flGZ H; feIk ldrk g,4 vk,j H; feI x;k rks Hxoku fey x;k4 vk,j vHh
rks rqégkjk tks Hxoku g,] dsoy rqégkjk H; g,4 c\Lh myIh ckrX gT4 vHh rqe
eafnj7ef¬tn tkrs gks] og H; ds dkj< tkrs gks4 vHh rks rqégkjk Hxoku tks
g, og H; ds Hwr ls †;knk ugC g,4 vk,j H; ls d,ls Hxoku feyX` fuHZ; dks H
xoku feyrk g,4
rks lkjh ckr Hxoku ikus dh ugC g,3lkjh ckr A d,ls fuHZ; gks tkSa` fdlh f
uHZ; ds ikl c,Oks] l®lax djks4 mldh fuHZ; dh fdj<X rqégX Hh vkanksfyr djX]
mldh rjaxX rqégX Hh NqSa3vk,j /hjs7/hjs rqe Hh fuHZ; gks tkvks4
laxfr ds ifj<ke gksrs gT4 dk;jkX ds lkF jgksxs] dk;j gks tkvksxs4 ohjkX ds lkF
jgksxs] ohj gks tkvksxs4 t,lkX ds lkF jgksxs /hjs7/hjs o,ls gks tkvksxs4 lax7lkF
ifj<ke ykrk g,4
vxj ijek®ek dh ryk' g,] vxj vk®e/u dh ryk' g, rks mldk lkF djks f
tudks fey x;k gks4 iafLrkX ds ikl c,Odj le; er xaokuk6 mudks Hh ugC fe

vtgw psr xaokj
yk g,] rqégX d,ls ns ldXxs` ml vkneh ls lko/ku jguk ftlls rqe dgks fd eq>s
r,juk lh[uk g, vk,j og iksFh [ksydj c,O tkS vk,j dgs fd ns[] eq>s lc i
rk g, fd r,jus eX D;k7D;k gksrk g,6 ;g fy[k g,] esjh fdrkc eX lc fy[k g,6
;g jgh lafgrk] bleX lc fy[k gqvk g,] vk,j eT rq>s lc le>kS nsrk gwa fd r,
juk d,lk gksrk g,4
ugC] tks vkneh rqégX unh ds rI ij ys tkus dks r,;kj gks3rqe mlls iwNks fd
r,juk d,lk] og dgs vkvks6 rqe iwNks ÷;ku d,lk] og dgs vkvks6 rqe iwNks HfDr
d,lh] og dgs vkvks vk,j Lqcdh yks] crkS nsrk gwa3ftldk bafxr ;FkFZ dh r
jG gks4
laü;kl dk Gy fufæpr e/qj g,4 flGZ laü;kl dk Gy gh e/qj g,6 lalkj ds rks
lHh Gy dLqos gT4 vk,j vxj rqégX dLqos yxrs Hh u gkX rks flGZ mldk dkj<
bruk g, fd rqégkjh ftÏk v˙;¬r gks xB g,] t\L gks xB g,4
Sslk gks tkrk g, u] igyh7igyh nGs dkŒGh ih;ks rks frDr yxrh g,4 fGj dqN f
nu v˙;kl djrs jgks4 bl vk'k eX fd ;g rks lh[uh i\Lsxh] lqla¬Îr vkneh gT
vk,j dkŒGh u ih;ks] rks xaokjiu dk y{< g,6 dkŒGh rks lh[uh gh i\Lsxh3Fks\Ls
fnu v˙;kl djrs jgks] fGj dkŒGh frDr ugC yxrh4 igyh nGk flxjsI ih;ks
rks [kalh vkrh g,] vka[ eX vkalw vk tkrs gT] xys eX v\Lpu ekywe gksrh g,4 fc¥
dqy ¬okHkfod gks jgk g,4 ysfdu fGj ;g ns[dj fd ;g rks c\Lh detksjh dh
ckr gks xB vk,j flxjsI rks lHh cy'kyh vkneh ihrs gT3rks fdS tkvks v˙;kl
] Fks\Ls fnu eX 'jhj ¬ohdkj dj ysrk g, bl v®;kpkj dks4 /qSa dks ckgj7Hhrj
ys tkuk] xans /qSa dks] rackdw ds †ojxz¬r /qSa dks ckgj7Hhrj ys tkuk3vk,j /h
js7/hjs rqégX jl vkus yxrk g,4 jl gksrk rks igys fnu vk tkrk 4 jl Fk ugC4
jl v˙;kl ls cuk;k tk jgk g,4
blfyS eT rqels dgrk gwa fd ijek®ek dk jl rks igys gh vuqHo eX vk tkrk
g,4 mldk v˙;kl ugC djuk gksrk6 Sd ckj eq\Lks Hj] cl Sd nGk p[ks Hj3
igyk dk,j ijek®ek dk vk,j jl fey tkrk g,4 vk,j v˙;kl ugC djuk gksrk4
igyh gh dk,j eX izk< eqDr gks tkrs gT4 Sd gh dk,j3vk,j jksvka7jksvka ve1r ls
Hj tkrk g,4 exj Sd dk,j ysus dh fgéer rks djuh gh i\Ls4
vkt bruk gh4
nhid ckjk uke dk] egy H;k mft;kj44
egy H;k mft;kj] uke dk rst fojktk4
lçn fd;k ijdkl] ekulj Mij Nktk44

vtgw psr xaokj
nlkX fnlk HB lq0] cq0 HB fueZy lkph4

NwIh dqefr dh xkaO] lqefr ijxI gks; ukph44
gksr Nrhlks jkx] nkx frxqZu dk NwIk4
iwju izxIs Hkx] dje dk dylk GwIk44
iyIw vaf/;kjh feIh] ckrh nhügh ckj4
nhid ckjk uke dk] egy H;k mft;kj4 ¢44
gkF tksfj vkxs feyT] y,7y, HXI vehj44

y,7y, HXI vehj] uke dk rst fojktk4
lc dksM jxj, ukd] vkbd, ijtk7jktk44
ldynkj eT ugC] uhp fGj tkfr gekjh4
xks\L /ks; "Idje] oju iho, y, pkjh44
fcu yldj fcu Gk,t] eqyqd eX fGj nqgkB4
tu7efgek lruke] vkiq eX ljl c\PkB44
lRuke ds fygs ls iyIw H;k xaHhj4
gkF tksfj vkxs feyT] y,7y, HXI vehj44 ∞4
lar lkluk lgr gT t,ls lgr dikl44

t,ls lgr dikl] uk; pj[h eX vksI,4

vtgw psr xaokj
QB /j tc rqu, gkF ls nksm fuHksI,44

jkse7jkse vyxk; idfjd, /qfu;k /wuh4
fimuh cga n, dkr] lwr ys tqygk cwuh44
/ksch HÈh ij /jh] dqanhxj eqxjh ekjh4
njth Iqd Iqd Gkfj tksfjd, fd;k r;kjh44
ij¬okjF ds dkjus nqA[ lg, iyIwnkl4
lar lkluk lgr gT] t,ls lgr dikl44§44
thou eX nqA[ g,4 bl nqA[ ds lkF nks mik; gT4 Sd rks g, bls Hwy tkuk vk,j
Sd g, blls tkx tkuk4 Hwyus dh fof/] Hwyus dh lkjh fof/;kX dk uke lalkj
g,4 tkxus dh fof/3 vk,j tkxus dh Sd gh fof/ g,3mldk uke g, ÷;ku] HfDr
] ;ksx4
nqA[ g,] rks 'jkc ls Hwyk tk ldrk g,] laHksx eX Hwyk tk ldrk g,] laxhr eX
Hwyk tk ldrk g,] vk,j7vk,j ~~~~4 ysfdu Hwyus ls dqN ckr feIrh rks ugC6 ckr
rks viuh txg cuh jgrh g,4 Hwyus ls rqe feIrs gks] ckr ugC feIrh g,4 Hwy
us ls nqA[ ugC feIrk3rqe feIrs gks4 Hwyus ls /hjs7/hjs rqe ewfπZNr gksrs pys
tkrs gks6 rqégkjX p,rü; eX izdk' dh txg va/dkj gks tkrk g,4 ftruk Hwyksxs m
ruk gh Hjeksxs] D;kXfd mruk gh va/sjk gks tkSxk4 Hwyus dk eryc gh va/sjk
gksrk g,3p,rü; dk [ks tkuk4 ih yh 'jkc] nqA[ Fs gtkj] VprkSa FC] larki Fs]
ladI Fs] cks> [\Ls Fs lkeus loky Fs tks gy u gksrs Fs] le¬;kSa FC tks lek
/ku ekaxrh Fh vk,j lek/ku fn[kB u i\Lrs Fs3ih yh 'jkcA u jgs dksB nqA[]
u jgh dksB le¬;k] Hwy7Hky xS4 ysfdu Hwys d,ls` dher D;k pqdkB` dhe
r pqdkB fd p,rü; dks xaok;k6 vk®ek dks dkI dj GXdk4 rqe eqnkZ gks xS4 rqe
t\L gqS4
Ssls vkneh vius nqA[ dks Hqykus ds fyS /hjs7/hjs vius dks rks\Lrk7 feIkrk g,4
/u eX Hwyks rks Hh 'jkc g,4 /u dk en Hh gksrk g,3 /u7en4 tsc xje gksrh
g, rks u'k gksrk g,4 in eX Hwyks rks 'jkc3 in7en4 tks in ij c,O tkrk g,] m
ldh vd\L ns[rs gks2 tks in ls mrj tkrk] mldh gkyr ns[rs gks2

vtgw psr xaokj
in en g,4 og Hh 'jkc g,4 vk,j vdlj ets dh ckr g, fd jktuhfrK] lkjh
nqfu;k eX] t,ls gh in ij igqaprs gT] 'jkc can djuk pkgrs gT4 vk,j lcls c\Lh
'jkc os gh ih jgs gT4 lcls c\Lh 'jkc lRk dh g,4 vk,j vaxwjkX ls tks fudyrh
g, og rks cgqr lk/kj< g,] ?\Lh7nks7?\Lh eX mrj tkrh g,4 ;g tks lRk ls fud
yrh g,] bldk u'k c\Lk xgjk g, vk,j c\Ls nwj rd tkrk g,4 tks [qn u's eX Lwcs
gT os nwljkX dks u's eX ugC Lwcus nsuk pkgrs4
ysfdu vkneh mik; [kstrk jgrk g,] lfn;ka gks x;h gT4 'k¬_kX us dgk 'jkc e
r ih;ks4 larkX us dgk 'jkc er ih;ks4 ysfdu vkneh dh rdyhG rks le>ks] v
kneh 'jkc ihrk D;kX g,` vkneh dh Vtnxh eX nqA[ g,4 nqA[ bruk g, fd ;k rks
HqykS ;k ¬o;a tkxs4 vk,j ;s nksukX izf∂;kSa c\Lh foijhr gT4 vk,j Hqykuk l¬rk
g,4 Hqykuk rks cktkj eX [jhnk tk ldrk g,6 dkMaIj ij fcdrk g,6 Sd î;kyh
'jkc eX vk tkrk g,4 txkuk rks cgqr dfOu g,4 txkuk rks c\Lh lk/uk g,4 rks
;k rks 'jkc ;k lk/uk4
blfyS /ek˜ us 'jkc dk fojks/ fd;k g,3'jkc ds dkj< ugC4 D;kXfd 'jkc izf
r;ksxh g, ÷;ku dh4 bl Hsn dks le>uk4 tc jktuhfrK 'jkc dk fojks/ djrk
g, rks mls dqN Hh irk ugC og D;k dg jgk g,4 og 'k;n jktuhfr dh gh c
krX dj jgk gks4 ysfdu tc /eZ 'jkc ds fojks/ eX dqN dgrk g, rks mlds dkj
< c\Ls vuwOs gT] c\Ls vk,j gT4 /eZ blfyS 'jkc dk fojks/ djrk g, fd 'jkc >w
Ok /eZ g,4 'jkc udyh flDdk g,4 vxj Hwyuk g, rks Hwyus dk vlyh mik; rks
Sd g,A tkxuk4 D;kXfd tkxrs gh nqA[ feI tkrk g,6 Hwyus dh tWjr gh ugC
jg tkrh4 nqA[ lekîr gks tkrk g,4 dejs eX va/sjk f?jk g,4 rqeus u'k ih fy;k
] rqe Hwy xS fd va/sjk g,4 ysfdu va/sjk viuh txg g,4 /eZ dgrk g, nh;k t
yk yks] fGj va/sjk g, gh ugC4 fGj va/sjk lekîr gqvk4
e;7xqyGke Hh g,] lkts7bljr Hh g,] lkdh Hh
exj eqfædy g, vk'kscs gdhdr ls xq\tj tkuk4
3Gwy t,lh lqanj 'jkc g,] lq[ dk laxhr g,] lqanj lkdh Hh g,] 'jkc fiykusok
yh Hh g,6 exj eqfædy g, vk'kscs gdhdr ls xqtj tkuk4 ysfdu fGj Hh thou
dh tks ih\Lk g,] ok¬rfodrk dh tks ih\Lk g,] ;FkFZ dk tks d‘I g,] mlls eqDr
gks tkuk] mlls fcuk nqA[h gqS xqtj tkuk cgqr dfOu g,] vlaHo g,4 dfOu u
gC] vlaHo gh g,4 jkst7jkst Hqykvksxs] jkst7jkst nqA[ viuh txg [\Lk gks tkSx
k4 rks ;k rks 'jkc ih;ks ;k ijek®ek dks ih;ks4
fGj 'jkc cgqr fd¬e dh g,3in dh] en dh] /u dh] ;' dh] uke dh] izfr‘
Ok dh4 fGj 'jkcX cgqr fd¬e dh gT4 exj os lc vyx7vyx Pax gh gT 'jkc

vtgw psr xaokj
ds4 vyx7vyx nqdkukX ij fcdrh gT] cl bruk gh GdZ g,4 vxj pquko djuk
gks rks nks eX gh djuk gksrk g,4
blfyS nqfu;k eX nks gh rjg ds yksx gT3lalkjh vk,j laü;klh4 lalkjh dk vFZ g,]
tks vHh bl ps‘Ik eX lay≈u g, fd Hqyk ywaxk] dksB u dksB jk¬rk [kst ywaxk fd
Hwy tkSxh ckr6 vk,j Fks\Lk /u gksxk] vk,j Fks\Lk c\Lk edku gksxk] vk,j lqanj
¬_h gksxh] cπpk i,nk gks tkSxk] y\Lds dh uk,djh yx tkSxh] cπps dh 'knh gks
tkSxh] cπpkX ds cπps gkXxs3dqN jk¬rk gksxk fd eT Hwy tkMaxk vk,j ;g >a>I
feI tkSxh4
>a>I dks Hwyus eX lalkjh vk,j >a>I [\Lh djrk tkrk g,4 blfyS Kkfu;kX us la
lkj dks iziap dgk g,4 feIkus ds fyS pyrs gks] vk,j cu tkrk g,4 lqy>kus py
rs gks] vk,j my> tkrk g,4 ftruk lqy>kus dh dksf'' djrs gks mruh gh xkaO
my>rh tkrh g,6 mruh gh eqfædyX [\Lh gksrh pyh tkrh gT4 Sd lek/ku [kst
rs gks] Sd lek/ku ls nl le¬;kSa vk,j [\Lh gks tkrh gT4 vk,j tks Sd ftls g
y djus pys Fs og rks viuh txg cuh jgrh g,] nl uB [\Lh gks tkrh gT4 Ssls
fo¬rkj gksrk pyk tkrk g,4 ejrs7ejrs rd vkneh vius gh tky eX Gal tkrk
g,4 mlus gh jpk Fk4 mlus gh ;s x∏s [ksns Fs4 mlus c\Lh vk'k ls ;s tathjX Pk
yh FC4 mls [;ky Hh u Fk fd ;s esjs gh gkF eX i\L tkSaxh4
eTus lquk g, jkse eX Sd cgqr izfl0 yksgkj gqvk4 mldh izflf0 lkjh nqfu;k eX
Fh] D;kXfd og tks Hh cukrk Fk og pht cstks\L gksrh Fh4 ml yksgkj dh nqdk
u ij cuh ryokj dk dksB lkuh u Fk4 vk,j ml yksgkj dh nqdku ij ds lkek
ukX dk lkjs txr. eX vknj Fk6 nwj7nwj ds cktkjkX eX mldh phtX fcdrh FC] m
ldk uke fcdrk Fk4 fGj jkse ij geyk gqvk4 vk,j jkse eX ftrus izfrf‘Or yks
x Fs] id\L fyS xS4 jkse gkj x;k4 og yksgkj Hh id\L fy;k x;k4 og rks d
kGh “;kfryç/ vkneh Fk4 mlds c\Ls dkj[kus Fs4 vk,j mlds ikl c\Lh /u7léi
fR Fh] c\Lh izfr‘Ok Fh4 og Hh id\L fy;k x;k4 rhl jkse ds izfrf‘Or tks l
oZ'fReku vkneh Fs id\L dj nqæeukX us tathjkX vk,j csf\L;kX eX cka/ dj igk\LkX
eX GXd fn;k ejus ds fyS4 tks murhl Fs os rks jks jgs Fs] ysfdu og yksgkj
'kar Fk4 vkf[j mu murhlkX us iwNk fd rqe 'kar gks] geX GXdk tk jgk g, tax
yh tkuojkX ds [kus ds fyS2 mlus dgk] fG∂ er djks] eT yksgkj gwa4 Vtnxh H
j eTus csf\L;ka vk,j gFdf\L;ka cukB gT] eT [ksyuk Hh tkurk gwa4 rqe ?c\Lkvks e
r4 Sd nGk budks GXddj pys tkus nks] eT [qn Hh NwI tkMaxk] rqégX Hh Nks\L
ywaxk4 rqe Ljks er4
rks yksxkX dks fgéer vk xB] vk'k vk xB4 ckr rks lp Fh] mlls c\Lk dksB d
kjhxj u Fk4 tWj VtnxhHj gh yksgs ds lkF [sy [syk g,] rks tathjX u [ksy
ldsxk2 [ksy ysxk4 ;g ckr Hjksls dh Fh4 fGj nqæeu mügX GXddj x∏kX eX] pys
xS4 os lc f?lI dj fdlh rjg ml yksgkj ds ikl igqaps4 ij og yksgkj jks

vtgw psr xaokj
jgk Fk4 mügkXus iwNk fd ekeyk D;k g,` rqe vk,j jks jgs gks` vk,j geus rks rq
e ij Hjkslk fd;k Fk4 vk,j ge rks rqégkjh vk'k ls thrs jgs vc rd4 ge rks
ej gh xS gksrs4 rqe D;kX jks jgs gks` gqvk D;k` vc rd rks rqe izlU Fs4
mlus dgk fd eT jks jgk gwa blfyS fd eTus tc xk,j ls tathjX ns[C rks mu ij
esjs gh g¬rk{j gT] os esjh gh cukB gqB gT4 esjh cukB tathjX rks IwI gh ugC l
drC4 ;s fdlh vk,j dh cukB gksrh rks eTus rks\L nh gksrC4 ysfdu ;gh rks esjh
dq'yrk g, fd esjh cukB tathj IwI gh ugC ldrh4 vlaHo g,4 ;g ugC gks ld
rk4 ejuk gh gksxk4
ml yksgkj dh dgkuh tc eTus i\Ph rks eq>s ;kn vk;kA ;g rks gj lalkjh vkneh
dh dgkuh g,4 vk[hj eX rqe Sd fnu ikvksxs fd rqégkjh gh tathjkX eX Galdj
rqe ej xS4 rqeus c\Lh dq'yrk ls mudks Pkyk Fk4 rqégkjs g¬rk{j mu ij gT4
rqe HyhHkafr igpku yksxs fd ;g vius gh gkF dk tky g,4 bl iwjs fl0kar
dk uke deZ g,4 rqe gh cukrs gks4 rqégC ;s lC[ps Pkyrs gks4 rqégC ;s Vitjs cu
krs gks4 fGj dc rqe bueX can gks tkrs gks] dc }kj fxj tkrk g,] dc rkys i\L
tkrs gT] rqégX le> eX ugC vkrk4 rkys Hh rqégkjs cukS gqS gT4 'k;n rqeus f
dlh vk,j dkj< ls njoktk yxk fy;k Fk3lqj{k ds fyS4 ysfdu vc [qyrk u
gC4 'k;n gkF eX rqeus tathjX igu yh FC] vkHw"< le> dj4 vc tc igpku
vkB g, rks vc [qyrh ugC] D;kXfd vkHw"< rks ugC tathjX FC4
ftudks rqeus fe_ le>k Fk os '_q fl0 gqS gT4 vk,j ftudks rqeus lkspk Fk fd
thou ds ekxZ dks iz'¬r djus ds fyS cuk jgs g,] muls gh ujd dk jk¬rk iz
'¬r gqvk4
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Sa djds gh rks vkneh ujd dk jk¬rk r; djrk g,4 ujd dk jk¬rk rqégkjs li
ukX ls gh iIk g,4 rqégkjh ;kstukvkX ds i®Fj gh ujd ls jk¬rs ij yxs gT6 mügC
ls ujd dk jk¬rk cuk g,4
Sd rks lalkjh g, tks nqA[ dks Hqykus ds mik; djrk g,4 vk,j Sd laü;klh g, tks
nqA[ dks Hqykus ds mik; ugC djrk3tks vius dks txkus ds mik; djrk g,4 c\
Lk ∂kafrdkjh GdZ g,4 ckr ∂kafr dh gks xB4 ftldks ;g ckr fn[kB i\Lus yxh
fd vlyh loky ;g ugC fd ckgj nqA[ g,6 vlyh loky ;g g, fd eT va/k gwa
fd eT lks;k gwa] fd eT ewfπZNr gwa] fd eT csgks' gwa4 vlyh loky ;g ugC g, f
d eq>s ckgj lq[ D;kX ugC fey jgk g,6 vlyh loky ;g g, fd esjs Hhrj lq[
dk laxhr vHh ugC ct jgk g,4
ckgj ls lq[ feyrk gh ugC4 Hhrj cts laxhr rks ckgj Hh mOrh gT rjaxX4 Hh
rj mOX ygjX rks ckgj rd Hh mu ygjkX dk ukn igqaprk g,4 ysfdu ckgj ls d
Hh lq[ ugC feyrk4 lq[ gksrk g, rks Hhrj gksrk g,4 vk,j tc rd rqe Hhrj

vtgw psr xaokj
ds izfr u tkxs] rc rd nqA[ gh ikvksxs3vk,j uS nqA[] vk,j uS nqA[4 vkneh
nqA[ gh cnyrk jgrk g,4
Sd ifæpe dk fopkjd] vk¬dj okb¥L] tc ejk rks mlus vafre fnu viuh L
k;jh eX fy[k g, fd thou Hj dk esjk vuqHo lkj7fupks\L brus eX g, fd Sd
nqA[ ls eT nwljk nqA[ cnyrk jgk4 Sd nqA[ ls Fd x;k rks nwljs dks id\L fy;
k4 bl vk'k eX fd 'k;n ;gka lq[ gksxk4 fGj mleX Hh nqA[ ik;k4 mlls Fd
x;k rks rhljk id\L fy;k4 ysfdu VtnxhHj dk fupks\L ;g g, fd Sd nqA[ ls
eT nwljs nqA[ ij tkrk jgk4 Ìke ou ü;wlXl Iw Su vnj ü;wlXl4 Sd mi–o ls
cps ugC fd nwljk mi–o jp fy;k4
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g,6 ftl fnu ;g le> eX vk tkrk g, ckgj vFkZr. nqA[6 ftl fnu rqégkjh var
j Hk"k eX ckgj dk vFZ nqA[ gks tkrk g, vk,j Hhrj dk vFZ lq[ gks tkrk g,3
ml fnu ∂kafr ?Irh g,4 ml fnu rqe Hh iyIw gks xS] iyI xS4 ml fnu Wika
rj gqvk4 ml fnu yk,I i\Ls ?j dh rjG4 vHh Hkxs tkrs Fs nwj7nwj7nwj] dgC
vk,j ¬oxZ Fk4 fGj yk,I i\Ls4 vk,j tks yk,I i\Lk mls ¬oxZ vius gh Hhrj fey t
krk g,4
la;kl dk vFZ g, var;kZ_k4
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ehy ds i®Fj fl0 gks ldrs gT4 Sd7Sd lw_ dks ÷;ku ls le>uk4
8nhid ckjk uke dk] egy H;k mft;kj44
igyh ckrA Hhrj dksB nh;k tykuk g,4 mls rqe D;k uke nsrs gks] GdZ ugC i\L
rk4 cq0 dgrs gT 'wü; dk nh;k4 vk,j 'adj dgrs gT cz‰ dk nh;k4 vk,j e÷;;qx
ds lar ukud] dchj] nknw] iyIw] nfj;k] os lc dgrs gTA uke dk nh;k4
uke dk vFZ le>ks4
uke dk vFZ gksrk g,A izHq7¬ej<4 uke dk vFZ gksrk g,A mldh ;kn] ft∂] lqjf
r] ¬e1fr] ¬ej<4 ijek®ek Hhrj fojkteku g,] ge mldh ¬e1fr [ks xS gT4 ij
ek®ek geus ugC [ks;k g,4 Hwydj Hh er lkspuk fd rqeus ijek®ek [ks;k g,] D
;kXfd ijek®ek rqe [ks nksxs rks fGj æokl gh u ys ldksxs4 æokl gh ogh ys jg
k g,4 Hwydj Hh er lkspuk fd ijek®ek [kss;k tk ldrk g,4 D;kXfd tks [ks;k
tk lds og ijek®ek ugC g,4 ijek®ek rqégkjk ¬oHko g,4 rqégkjs jksse7jkse eX o
gh /\Ldrk g,4 rqégkjs d<7d< eX ogh thfor g,4 rqe ogh gks4 rÂoefl æosrds
rq2

vtgw psr xaokj
mYkyd us vius csIs dks dgk g,A rw ogh g,] æosrdsrq2
exj geX ;kn ugC g,4 fo¬ej< gqvk g,4 Hwy xS gT4
Sd lezkI dk csIk fcx\L x;k4 xyr lax7lkF eX i\L x;k4 cki ukjkt gks x;k4
cki us flGZ /edh ds fyS dgk fd rq>s fudky ckgj dj nwaxk6 ;k rks vius
dks Ohd dj ys ;k esjk egy Nks\L ns4 lkspk ugC Fk cki us fd y\Ldk egy Nks\
L nsxk4 NksIk gh y\Ldk Fk4 ysfdu y\Lds us egy Nks\L fn;k4 cki dk gh rks cs
Ik Fk] lezkI dk csIk Fk] ftYh Fk4 fGj rks cki us cgqr [kstk] mldk dqN i
rk u pys4 o"k˜ chr xS4 cki cw\Pk6 jksrs7jksrs mldh vka[X /qaf/;k xbΩ4 Sd gh
csIk Fk4 mldk gh ;g lkjk lkezk†; Fk4 iNrkrk Fk cgqr fd eTus fdl nq√nu
eX] fdl nqHkZ≈; ds {< eX ;g opu cksy fn;k fd rq>s fudky ckgj dj nwaxk2
Ssls dksB chl lky chr xS vk,j Sd fnu mlus ns[k fd egy ds lkeus Sd f
H[kjh [\Lk g,4 vk,j cki Sdne igpku x;k4 mldh vka[kX eX t,ls fGj ls †;ksf
r vk xB4 ;g rks mldk gh csIk g,4 ysfdu chl lky2 csIk rks fc¥dqy Hwy pq
dk fd og lezkI dk csIk g,4 chl lky dk fH[eaxkiu fdldks u Hqyk nsxk2 ch
l lky }kj7}kj] xkao7xkao jksIh ds Iqd\Ls ekaxrk fGjk4 chl lky dk fH[eaxki
u irZ7irZ terk x;k] Hwy gh xB ;g ckr fd dHh eT lezkI Fk4 fdldks ;kn
jgsxh2 Hqykuh Hh i\Lrh g,] ugC rks fH[eaxkiu c\Lk dfOu gks tkSxk] Hkjh g
ks tkSxk4 lezkI gksdj Hh[ ekaxuk cgqr dfOu gks tkSxk4 txg7txg nqrdkjs
tkuk6 dqRs dh rjg yksx ø;ogkj djX6 }kj7}kj dgk tkS] 8vkxs gI tkvks93Hh
rj dk lezkI gksxk rks og ryokj fudky ysxk4 rks Hhrj ds lezkI dks rks /qa/
yk djuk gh i\Lk Fk] mls Hwy gh tkuk i\Lk Fk4 ;gh mfpr Fk] ;gh ø;ogkfj
d Fk fd ;g ckr Hwy tkvks4
vk,j d,ls ;kn j[ksxs` tc pk,chl ?aIs ;kn Sd gh ckr dh fnyokB tk jgh gks
pkjkX rjG ls fd fH[eaxs gks] yGaxs gks] vkokjk gks] pksj gks] csBeku gks6 dksB
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kus o¬_2 uS o¬_ Hh chl o"k˜ eX ugC [jhn ik;k4 nqxΩ/ ls Hjk gqvk 'jhj4
Hwy gh xS os fnu3lqxa/ ds] egy ds] 'ku ds] lqfo/k ds] xk,jo7xfjek ds4 os
lc Hwy xS4 chl lky dh /wy bruh te xB niZ< ij fd vc niZ< eX dksB iz
frVcc ugC cus4
rks csIs dks rks dqN irk ugC] og rks Ssls gh Hh[ ekaxrk gqvk bl xkao eX Hh
vk x;k g,] t,ls vk,j xkaokX eX x;k Fk4 ;g Hh vk,j xkaokX t,lk xkao g,4 ysfdu c
ki us ns[k f[\Ldh ls ;g rks mldk csIk g,4 ukd7uD' lc igpku eX vkrk g,4
/wy fdruh te xB gks] cki dh vka[kX dks /ks[k ugC fn;k tk ldk4 csIk Hwy
tkS] cki ugC Hwy ikrk g,4 ewy Ûksr ugC Hwy ikrk g,4 mn.xe ugC Hwy ikrk

vtgw psr xaokj
g,4 mlus vius othj dks cqyk;k fd D;k dWa` othj us dgk] \tjk laHy dj d
ke djuk4 vxj Sdne dgk rks ;g ckr bruh c\Lh gks tkSxh fd bls Hjkslk
ugC vkSxk4 ;g fc¥dqy Hwy x;k g,] ugC rks bl }kj ij vkrk gh ugC4 bls ;
kn ugC g,4 ;g Hh[ ekaxus [\Lk g,4 Fks\Ls lksp7le> dj dne mOkuk4 vxj Sd
ne ls dgk fd rw esjk csIk g,] rks ;g Hjkslk ugC djsxk] ;g rqe ij lansg djs
xk4 Fks\Ls /hjs7/hjs dne] ∂e'A4
rks cki us iwNk] D;k fd;k tkS` rks mlus dgk] Sslk djks fd mls cqykvks4 mls
cqykus dh dksf'' dh rks og Hkxus yxk4 mls egy ds Hhrj cqyk;k rks egy
ds ckgj Hkxus yxk4 uk,dj mlds ihNs nk,\LkS rks mlus dgk fd uk HkB] eq>s
Hhrj ugC tkuk4 eT xjhc vkneh] eq>s Nks\Lks4 eT xyrh gks xB fd egy eX vk
x;k] jktk ds njckj eX vk x;k4 eT rks Hh[ ekaxrk gwa4 eq>s Hhrj tkus dh dks
B tWjr ugC4
og rks cgqr Ljk fd ltk feys fd dkjkx1g eX Lkyk tkS fd irk ugC D;k v\L
pu vk tkS2 ysfdu uk,djkX us le>k;k fd ekfyd rqégX uk,djh nsuk pkgrk g,]
mls n;k vk xB g,4 rks og vk;k4 ysfdu og egy ds Hhrj dne u j[rk Fk4
egy ds ckgj gh >k\Lw7cqgkjh yxkus dk mls dke ns fn;k4 fGj /hjs7/hjs tc
og >k\Lw7cqgkjh yxkus yxk vk,j egy ls Fks\Lk ifjfpr gksus yxk] vk,j Fks\Lh in
ksUfr dh xB] fGj Fks\Lh inksUfr dh xB4 fGj egy ds Hhrj Hh vkus yxk4 f
Gj mlds di\Ls Hh cnyokS xS4 fGj mldks ugyok;k Hh x;k4 vk,j og /hjs7
/hjs jkth gksus yxk4 Ssls c\Prs7c\Prs o"k˜ eX mls othj ds in ij yk;k x;k4 v
k,j tc og othj ds in ij vk x;k rc lezkI us Sd fnu cqyk dj dgk fd rw
esjk csIk g,4 rc og jkth gks x;k4 rc mls Hjkslk vk x;k4 bruh lhf\P;ka p\
Puh i\LC4 ;g ckr igys fnu gh dgh tk ldrh Fh4
rqels eT dgrk gwa] rqe ijek®ek gks4 rqégX Hjkslk ugC vkrk4 rqe dgrs gks fd f
l0kar dh ckr gksxh6 exj eT vk,j ijek®ek2 eT rqels jkst dgrk gwa] rqégX Hjks
lk ugC vkrk4 blfyS rqels dgrk gawA ÷;ku djks] HfDr djks4 pyks >k\Lw cqgkjh
ls 'qW djks4 Ssls rks vHh gks ldrh g, ckr] exj rqe jkth ugC4 Ssls rks Sd
{< [ksus dh tWjr ugC g,4 Ssls rks ∂fed fodkl dh dksB vkoæ;drk ugC g,
4 Sd Nykax eX gks ldrh g,4 exj rqégX Hjkslk ugC vkrk] rks eT dgrk gwa pyks
>k\Lw7cqgkjh yxkvks4 fGj /hjs7/hjs inksUfr gksxh4 fGj /hjs7/hjs7/hjs7/hjs c\Puk
4 fGj Sd fnu tc vkf[jh ?\Lh vk tkSxh] othj dh txg vk tkvksxs] tc
lekf/ dh Fks\Lh7lh >yd ikl vkus yxsxh] ÷;ku dh ¬Gqj<k gksus yxsxh] rc ;
gh ckr Sd {< eX rqe ¬ohdkj dj yksxs4 rc bl ckr eX J0k vk tkSxh4
uke dk vFZ gksrk g,A ¬e1fr4 ¬e1fr dk vFZ gksrk g, fd geX ;kn Fk dHh] fGj
ge Hwy xS4 gj cπpk ijek®ek dh ¬e1fr ls Hjk gksrk g,4 ysfdu mls ¬e1fr gks

vtgw psr xaokj
rh g,] Sslk dguk Hh Ohd ugC4 D;kXfd vHh fo¬e1fr gh ugC gqB rks ¬e1fr d,ls
gksxh` bl tfIyrk dks Fks\Lk le>uk4
cπps 'kar gksrs gT4 NksIk cπpk g, rqégkjk] rqégkjk csIk g, ;k csIh g,3'kar g,4 e
xj mldh 'kafr vHh c\Lh vpsru 'kafr g,4 D;kXfd v'kafr mlus tkuh ugC g,4
v'kafr dks tkus fcuk 'kafr dh ifjHk"k ugC curh4 ftlus va/sjk ugC tkuk m
lds izdk' ds tkuus dk cgqr †;knk izek< ugC g,4 va/sjs dks tkusxk rks izdk'
dh ifjHk"k mOsxh4 ;g c\Lh cscw> igsyh g,] ysfdu thou dh vfuok;Z igsfy;kX
eX ls Sd g,4 le> yks rks dke i\L ldrh g,4
;gka HIds fcuk dksB ijek®ek rd igqap gh ugC ldrk4 ijek®ek eX rks ge gks
rs gh gT] ysfdu HId dj igqaprs gT4 HIduk gksrk g, igqapus ds fyS4 t,ls eNy
h lkxj eX i,nk gksrh g, rks lkxj eX gh thrh g,] mls irk gh ugC gksrk lkxj
dgka g,4 d,ls irk gks` lkxj ls dHh NwIh ugC] irk d,ls gks` irk gksus ds fyS
Fks\Lh nwjh gksuh pkfgS4 irk gksus ds fyS Fks\Lh fcN\Lu gksuh pkfgS] fo;ksx gks
uk pkfgS4 fo;ksx gqvk ugC dHh] lkxj eX gh i,nk gqB] lkxj eX gh c\Lh gqB]
lkxj eX gh jgh] lkxj gh lkjk thou] vg√u'3d,ls irk pys fd lkxj dgka g,
` Sd eNqvk mls id\L ys] rc mls ;kn vkrh g,4 lkxj NwIrs gh lkxj dh ;k
n vkrh g,4 r\Lirh g, ?kI ij4 lkxj eX Lwc tkuk pkgrh g, fGj4 vc vxj lk
xj eX igaqp tkS rks ije vkuan dks miyç/ gksxh4 ;g ogh lkxj g,4 ftleX og
?\LhHj igys Fh4 ysfdu dHh vkuan u tkuk Fk4
cπps ogC gT] tgka lar igqaprs gT4 ysfdu cπpkX dks dqN vkuan dk irk ugC g,6
larkX dks irk gksrk g,4 lar Sslh eNfy;ka gT tks ?kI ij r\Li fyS] jsr eX r\Li
fyS4 fGj] fGj Lqcdh yxh4
uke dk vFZ gksrk g,A tks Hwy x;k mldh ;kn4 uke dk vFZ gksrk g, A tks lkx
j [ks x;k mleX iquA izos'4 uke dk vFZ gksrk g,A lqjfr] ;kn dk yk,I vkuk4
vk,j t,ls gh ¬e1fr txrh g, fd eT dk,u gwa] o,ls gh mft;kjk gks tkrk g,4 vk,j m
ft;kjs ds lkF gh tks dy >kXi\Lh t,lk yxrk Fk og egy gks tkrk g,4 lar eg
y eX gh jgrs gT4 >kXi\Lh eX jgs rks Hh egy eX gh jgrs gT4 uaxs jgX rks Hh lezk
IkX ds ikl o,ls o¬_ ugC gT4 Hw[s jgs rks Hh mu t,lk dksB r1îr ugC g,4 vf≈u eX
tys rks Hh muds Hhrj dqN tyrk ugC6 ogka lc 'hry cuk jgrk g,4 dkaIs
mu ij cjlrs jgX rks Hh muds Hhrj dk dey f[yk gh jgrk g,4
8nhid ckjk uke dk] egy H;k mft;kjk9
le> ysuk4 iyIw ds ikl dksB egy ox,jg ugC Fk4 ysfdu dgrs gTA egy H;k
mft;kj2 mft;kjk gksrs gh egy gks tkrk g,4 >kXi\Lk Hh egy gks tkrk g,4 Sd

vtgw psr xaokj
{< eX nhurk7ghurk [ks tkrh g,4 Sd {< eX nfj–rk [ks tkrh g,4 Sd {<
eX vkneh lezkI gks tkrk g,4 lezkI rqe Fs gh6 flGZ ;kn dh ckr Fh4 Hwyh7fcl
jh ;kn okfil yk,I vkB4
8nhid ckjk uke dk~ ~ ~ ~
;g uke dk nh;k d,ls tys` d,ls tykvks` ;g izdk' d,ls izdIs` [ksS gks rqe
gtkj ckrkX eX4 rqe [ksS gks gtkj ftu ckrkX eX] mlh eX rqégkjh thou7MtkZ ø;
; gks jgh g,4 ogh thou MtkZ vxj u [ksS rks izdk' dh rjg izdI gks tkrh
g,4 Fks\Lk eu /u eX yxk g,] Fks\Lk eu in eX yxk g,] Fks\Lk eu izfr‘Ork eX yx
k g,] Fks\Lk nwdku eX] Fks\Lk cktkj eX Fks\Lk ?j7x1g¬Fh eX3Ssls eu gtkj [aLkX
eX caIk g,4
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d dkxt ij fxjX] ~ ~ ~ vyx7vyx fxjrh FC] fNrjh7fNrjh fxjrh FC rks dq
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xjX dkxt ij rks] vkx i,nk gks tkrh g,4
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u rqégkjh †;ksfr dh {erk cgqr fn'kvkX eX caIh g,4 Sd Iqd\Lk ;gka] Sd Iqd\Lk
ogka3rqe gtkj Iqd\Ls gks4 ;s gtkj Iqd\Ls bdØs gks tkSa] Sdkxz gks tkSa4 ;g rqé
gkjh nk,\L tks vuar7vuar fn'kvkX eX py jgh g,] Qd tkS vk,j rqégkjh Sd gh
nk,\L gks tkS3var√n'k eX4 t,ls gh lkjh thou7MtkZ Sd fn'k eX nk,\Lrh g,] rks
†;ksfr ty tkrh g,4
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ks Sd mik; g,4 ;g rks Sd [waIh g, ftl ij rqe vius lkjs [aLkX dks Ikax ldks
vk,j v[aL gks ldks2 Bæoj g, ;k ugC] bldh fG∂ er djks4 fdlh Hh cgkus Ika
x nks4 egkohj us fcuk Bæoj dks ekus Ikax fn;k rks Hh ckr ?I xB4 cq0 us fc
uk vk®ek dks ekus Ikax fn;k rks Hh ckr ?I xB4 ekuus dh ckr dk dqN loky
ugC g,6 [waIh fey tkS] [waIh ij Ikax nks6 [hyh yxh gks [hyh ij Ikax nks6 [h
yh Hh u gks rks njokts ds dksus ij Ikax nks4 loky Ikaxus dk g,4 t,ls gh rqe b
dØs gks tkrs gks3fdlh cgkus] fdlh fufeR ls] rqégkjs [aL v[aL gks tkrs gT3 o,
ls gh nh;k ty tkrk g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
og tks larkX eX rqégX rst fn[kB i\Lrk g,] og larkX dk ugC g,] og ijek®ek dk
g,4 og mudk ugC g,4 os rks feI xS3blfyS g,4 os rks txg [kyh dj xS4
os rks vc dgC Hh ugC gT4
lar dk vFZ gksrk g,A ø;fDr dk vHko gks x;k4 vgadkj x;k4 [kyh ckal dh ikX
xjh jg xB vc4 vc Hhrj dqN Hh ugC g,] [kyhiu g,4 mlh [kyhiu ls ijek
®ek ds ¬oj izdI gksrs gT4
8egy H;k mft;kj] uke dk rst fojktk49
blfyS dksB lariqQ" Sslk ugC dgXxs fd ;g esjk rst g,4 ;g ijek®ek dk rst
g,4 vk,j vxj dksB dHh dgsxk esjk rst g, rks 8esjs9 ls og ijek®ek gh cksy j
gk g,] lar ugC cksy jgk g,4 vxj Î‘< us dgk fd ekesda 'j<a czt] vk tk es
jh 'j<3rks os ftl 8eT9 dh ckr dj jgs gT og Î‘< dk 8eT9 ugC g,] og ije
k®ek dk 8eT9 g,4 tc thll us dgk 8e,9 gh gwa ekxZ] eT gh gwa }kj] eT gh gwa l®;
9] rks ;g thll dk 8eT9 ugC g,4 thll dk 8eT9 rks bruh fgéer dgka dj lds
xk` dksB 8eT9 bruh fgéer ugC dj ldrk4 8eT9 rks c\Lh detksj pht g,4 >wOh
pht g,] bruh fgéer gks Hh d,ls ldrh g,2 ;g rks ijek®ek gh cksyk4
blfyS ge dgrs gT osn ds tks opu mrjs os ijek®ek ls mrjs6 +f" rks dsoy
ekxZ cus4 opu vik,Q"s; gT4 xhrk Î‘< ls mrjh] dgh rks ijek®ek us4 vk,j c
kbfcy ds viwoZ opu thll ls vkS gT4 ;s ckalqfj;ka vyx7vyx gT ysfdu ftlus
xhr xk;k g,] og Sd gh g,4 ckalqfj;ka vyx7vyx gT] blfyS ¬oj7Hsn Hh gks
x;k g,4 ckalqfj;ka vyx7vyx gT rks ckalqfj;kX ds Pax vyx7vyx gT4 Hk"k vyx7
vyx g,] ',yh vyx7vyx g,4 exj tks >kadsxk bl ckalqjh ds [kyhiu ds ikj
[kstsxk vkXO] [kstsxk fdlds izk< laxhrc0 gksdj cg jgs gT] rks Sd dks gh ikS
xk4
8egy H;k mft;kj] uke dk rst fojktk49
rks iyIw dgrs gT] vc eT rks jgk ugC] vk,j ;g eT tc rd Fk rc rd rks >kX
i\Lk Fk4 esjs dkj< >kXi\Lk Fk4 eT tc rd Fk rc rd nhu Fk] nqA[h Fk] nfj
– Fk4 esjs dkj< nqA[ Fk] nhurk Fh] nfj–rk Fh4 b/j eT x;k b/j >kXi\Lk e
gy gks x;k4 vk,j vc rks rst fojktk g,] {ek djuk] esjk ugC g,4 og rks ml
dh ;kn dk rst fojktk g,4
vk,j Sslk rst rqeeX Hh fojkt ldrk g,] D;kXfd rqe Hh mlls brus gh tq\Ls gks
4 ;s Gwy rqe eX Hh f[y ldrs gT] D;kXfd rqe ijek®ek dh i1ƒoh ls mlh rjg
la;qDr gks t,ls iyIw dk o1{ la;qDr g, ;k fd cq0 dk] ;k fd ukud dk ;k fd
dchj dk ;k fd eqgéen dk4 rqégX ;kn Hwy xB g, fd viuh t\LkX dh] cl bru
k gh Hsn g,4 iyIw dks ;kn vk xB g, viuh t\LkX dh4

vtgw psr xaokj
8lçn fd;k ijdkl] ekulj Mij Nktk49

lqurs gks ;g viwoZ opu2 lçn fd;k ijdkl~ ~ ~ ~4 og cksyk vk,j izdk' gks x
;k g,4 ysfdu og cksyrk rHh g, tc rqe ugC cksyrs4 Sd gh 'rZ iwjh djuh g,
fd rqe u cksyks] rks izHq cksys4 nksukX lkF ugC cksy ldrs4 vkneh vk,j ijek®
ek ds chp dHh LkŒ;ykŒx ugC gksrk4 vkneh cksyrk g,] ijek®ek pqi jgrk g,4
Ohd gh g,] tc vkneh ckssy jgk g, rks ijek®ek lqurk g,4 tc vkneh pqi gksrk
g, rks ijek®ek cksyrk g,4
blfyS rqe viuh izkFZukvkX eX cgqr cksyuk er4 rqe cksys rks ijek®ek dks rqe
dHh u lqu ikvksxs4 vk,j rqe cksys rks cksyksxs Hh D;k` rqe vius mlh dw\Ls7d
dZI dks nksgjkrs jgksxs4 rqe va/sjs ds lkF gh [sy vk,j jkl jpkrs jgksxs4
8lçn fd;k ijdkl9~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 izHq tc cksyrk g,] rc mldk ukn gksrk g,] rc
izdk' gksrk g,4 rks vc ;g le>uk4 lkjs larkX us 8lçn9 ij tksj fn;k g,4 vk,j
lkjs larkX us fuA'çn ij tksj fn;k g,4 rks dHh7dHh my>u gksrh g, lkspus7fo
pkjusokys dks fd ekeyk D;k g,A dHh fuA'çn ij tksj nsrs] dHh 'çn ij2 'çn
ijek®ek dk6 fuA'çn rqégkjk3bruk [;ky jgs rks fGj v\Lpu u vkSxh4 nks
vyx rykX dh ckr gks jgh g,4 rqe pqi gks tkvks4 rqe fuA'çn gks tkvks4 rqe c
ksyks gh er4 rqégkjs Hhrj ek,u gks3rqe eqfu gks tkvks4 ?\Lh nks ?\Lh Hh vxj fn
u eX rqe ek,u eX mrj tkvks rks ogC ls rqe ikvksxs A lçn fd;k ijdkl2 ml
dk ¬oj] mldh ¬oj7ygjh cgus yxrh g,4 /hek ¬oj g, og4 rqégkjk cktkj dk
dksykgy vxj tkjh jgk rks lqukB u i\Lsxk4 vfr lw”e g, og ¬oj4 rqégkjh ¬Fw
y cdokl tkjh jgh rks og dgC Hh [ks tkSxk4
vk,j t,ls ekuljksoj ij dey f[yrs gT u] Ssls tc rqégkjs Hhrj fuA'çn dk e
kuljksoj gksxk6 fuA'çn dh 'kafr] 'wü; gksxk] ygj Hh u mOrh gksxh rqégkjs ek
uljksoj ij] rc mlds 'çn mrjrs gT vk,j dey cu tkrs gT4 blfyS dgrk gwa
] ;g c\Lk î;kjk opu g,4
esjk ekuljksoj g,3dey mlds f[ys gT4 eT rks flGZ pqi gks x;k] rjaxghu fu¬r
ç/ gks x;k3dey mlds f[ys gT4 dey mlds gT] lqxa/ mldh g,4 eTus rks flGZ
txg nh g,] eTus rks flGZ ekxZ lkG dj fn;k g,4 eT chp eX ugC [\Lk gqvk gwa]
eT vIdk;k ugC gwa mls cl4 bruh gh esjh dq'yrk g, fd eT gI x;k gwa] fd eT
}kj ij vId dj [\Lk ugC gwa4 >juk rks mldk g,] eT pÈku ugC cuk gwa3vk,j
>juk cgus yxk g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
rqe ekuljksoj cuks4
÷;ku dh lkjh izf∂;kSa vk,j dqN ugC djrh3rqégX ekuljksoj cukrh gT6 rqégX fu
¬rajx cukrh gT4 /hjs7/hjs 'çn vk,j fopkj dh rjaxX 'kar gksrh tkSa4 rqe Sd
t,lh txg vk tkvks tgka rqégkjs Hhrj dksB cksyusokyk u cps6 vcksy gks tkS6
lUkIk gks tkS6 vry lUkIk gks tkS4 Sd Nksj ls nwljs Nksj rd dgC Hh dksB
ygj u mOrh gks4 mlh {< rqégkjs Mij] rqégkjh Nkrh ij] rqégkjs ekulj ij
viwoZ dey f[yus yxXxs] tks dHh ugC f[ys4 vk,j mügC deykX dh ryk' g,6
mlh lqokl dh ryk' g,6 mlh vkuan dh~ ~ ~4
nlkX fnlk HB lq0] cq0 HB fueZy lkph49

iyIw ;g dg jgs gT fd vius fdS rks cgqr dksf'' dh Fh fd 'q0 gks tkMa6 u
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yksH feIs] eku7e®lj feIs4 vius fdS rks fdruh ps‘Ik u dh Fh fd l†tu c
uwa] lar cuwa] vVglk vk tkS] n;k gks] dQ<k gks] iki tkS] iq≤; vkS2 vius f
dS rks fdruh ps‘Ik ugC dh Fh] vk,j fdS7fdS Hh eT 'q0 u gks ldk Fk4 8eT
9 rks dHh 'q0 gksrk gh ugC4 8eT9 dk gksuk gh v'qf0 eX g,4 8eT9 rks dh\Lk gh
v'qf0 dk g,4 8eT9 rks v'qf0 eX gh thrk g,4 v'qf0 mldk Hkstu g,4 blfyS 8
eT9 dHh 'q0 ugC gks ldrk4
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D;kXfd rqe rks cpksxs3vk,j rqégkjk cpuk gh v'qf0 g,4 vk,j rqégkjh nqxΩ/ nlkX
fn'kvkX eX Hjrh jgsxh4 'qf0 rks ijek®ek dh ek,twnxh ls gksrh g,4 'qf0 rks m
lds vkus ek_ ls gks tkrh g,4 t,ls izdk' ds vkrs gh va/sjk pyk tkrk g,] Ssls
gh mlds vkrs gh 'qf0 gks tkrh g,] v'qf0 [ks tkrh g,4
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ks xbΩ4 pe®dkj gqvk4 lHh larkX dks bl pe®dkj dk vuqHo g,4 blfyS rks rqe
tc muls tkdj iwNrs gks fd vki Ssls 'q0 d,ls gqS] rks muds ikl dksB mRj
ugC g,4 'q0 os viuh rjG ls gqS Hh ugC gT4 vk,j tks rqels dgrs gkX ge d,ls
'q0 gqS] tkuuk vHh 'q0 gqS Hh ugC gT4 viuh ps‘Ik ls dksB 'q0 ugC gksrk4
viuh ps‘Ik ls 'q0 gksuk Sslk gh g, t,ls dksB vius twrs ds can id\L dj vius
dks mOkus dh dksf'' djs4 rqégkjh ps‘Ik varrA rqégkjh ps‘Ik g,4 rqe gh v'q0
gks rks rqégkjh ps‘Ik ls 'qf0 d,ls gksxh` ;g vlaHo g,4 ;g ugC gks ldrk4 b
lds gksus dk dksB mik; ugC g,4
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ij gqS gT4 Fks\Ls lgh] ysfdu 'q0 vkneh tehu ij gqS gT4 muds dkj< gh euq‘

vtgw psr xaokj
; dh xfjek g,4 muds dkj< gh euq‘; ds thou eX dqN ued g,4 muds dkj<
gh euq‘; ds thou eX dqN dkø; g,] dqN laxhr g,] dqN lk,jH g,] dqN lkTn;Z g,4
exj tks dHh 'q0 gqvk g,3og vius dks gIkdj] vius dks fxjk dj4 b/j rq
e fxjs] m/j ijek®ek rqégkjs Hhrj mOk4
8nlkX fnlk HB lq0] cq0 HB fueZy lkph49
vk,j fdruh ps‘Ik djrs Fs vk,j ugC gksrk Fk vk,j vkt vpkud gks x;k] vuk;
kl gks x;k] izlkn7Wi gks x;k4 8cq0 HB fueZy lkph94 cqf0 fueZy Hh gks xB
vk,j lkjk ey [ks x;k4 vk,j l®; Hh gks xB] izkekf<d Hh gks xB4 vc rks og
h dgrh g, tks g,4 vc rks o,lk gh dgrh g, t,lk g,4 tl dk rl4 t,ls dk r,lk
dg nsrh g,4 vc dgC dqN [ksI u jgh4
8NwIh dqefr dh xkaO9~ ~ ~ ~4 vk,j vc rd tks xkaO ca/h Fh dqefr dh] NwIs u
NwIrh Fh6 ftruk Nq\Lkrs Fs] vk,j ca/rh tkrh Fh] vk,j tfIy gksrh tkrh Fh4
8NwIh dqefr dh xkaO] lqefr ijxI gks; ukph94
vk,j vc xkaO [qy xbΩ dqefr dh vk,j Ohd mldh txg lqefr dk u1®; 'qW gqv
k g,4 lqefr ijxI gks; ukph4 izGqf¥yr gks jgh g, lqefr4 ukp jgh g, lqefr4 m
®lo gks jgk g, lqefr dk4
vc dqefr vk,j lqefr eX tks MtkZ g, og rks Sd gh g,3efr4 efr dk vFZ gksr
k g,A cks/4 dqefr eX Hh ogh cks/ g,4 lqefr eX Hh ogh cks/ g,4 dqefr eX xyr
laca/ g,] eT ls ca/k g,] rks xkaO ca/ xB4 lqefr eX ijek®ek ls tqL x;k g, rks
xakO [qy xB] ukp 'qW gks x;k4
rqe vius ls vius dks rks\Lks vk,j izHq ls tks\Lks4 vius ij cgqr Hjkslk er j[ks f
d esjs fdS dqN gks tkSxk4 rqégkjs fdS gksrk rks gks x;k gksrk4 fdrus tüekX ls
rqe dksf'' dj jgs gks] vHh rd gqvk ugC4 dc rqégX le> vkSxh] fd rqégk
js fdS ugC gksxk4 rqégkjs fdS gh lc my>k g,4 rqe ijek®ek ls tks\Lks4 rqe m
ldk gkF xg yks4
8gksr Nrhlks jkx9~ ~ ~4 vk,j iyIw dgrs gTA vthc ckr g, eT rks jkx b®;kfn t
kurk gh ugC4 of<d Fs iyIw rks] nqdkunkj Fs4 jkx b®;kfn dgka irk2 vxj rq
e tkurs Hh gkXxs rks Sd tks dynkj dh [ud gksrh g, mlh jkx dks tkurs Fs6
vk,j rks dksB laxhr tkurs ugC Fs4 vk,j vkt vpkud D;k gqvk g,2 vkdk' IwI
i\Lk g,4 vfuoZpuh;2
8gksr Nrhlks jkx] nkx frxqZu dk NwIk49
Sd viwoZ laxfr] Sd viwoZ laxhr] Sd vgksHko2 8 nkx frxqZu dk NwIk9»»»»≥
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vc ;g Fks\Lk le>us dk g,4 rqe vxj dksf'' djksxs rks re ls cgqr ps‘Ik djks
rks jt eX vk ldrs gks4 vk,j cgqr ps‘Ik djks jt ls rks l®o eX tk ldrs gks6
l®o eX vId tkvksxs] mlds ikj u tk ldksxs4 cqjk vkneh cgqr ps‘Ik djs rks
l†tu gks ldrk g,4 nqtZu l†tu gks ldrk g,4 pksj nkuh gks ldrk g,4 ;g dks
B cgqr v\Lpu dh ckr ugC g,4 exj pksj ds ihNs tks ckr Fh ogh nkuh ds ih
Ns jgsxh] GdZ u i\Lsxk4 myIk djus yxk nkuh4 pksj nwljkX dh tsc ls fudky y
krk Fk6 nkuh viuh tsc ls nwljkX dh tsc eX Lkyus yxk4 ø;olk; dk Pax cny
x;k4 igys nwljs dh tsc ls viuh tsc eX Lkyrk Fk vk,j vc og viuh tsc ls
nwljs dh tsc eX Lkyrk g,3exj utj rks /u ij gh yxh g,4 vk,j fglkc vHh
Hh tsckX ij gh py jgk g,4
vc rqe pksj ij c\Ls ukjkt gksrs gks4 pksj Hh dke ogh djrk g,4 Sd tsc ls f
udkyrk g,] nwljh eX Lkyrk g,4 rqégkjh ls fudkyrk g, vk,j viuh eX Lkyk ysrk
g,4 vk,j nkuh Hh ;gh dke djrk g,6 Sd tsc ls fudkyrk g, vk,j nwljh eX Lk
y nsrk g,3viuh ls fudkyrk g,] rqégkjh eX Lky nsrk g,4 rqe nkuh dh iz'alk d
jrs gks3D;kX` D;kXfd nkuh rqégkjh tsc eX Lky nsrk g,4 rqe nkuh dh iz'alk dj
rs gks] D;kXfd nkuh rqégX fcuk pksj cukS rqégX pksj gksus dk Gk;nk ns nsrk g,4 v
k,j rks dqN ugC4 rqe Hh fudkyuk pkgrs Fs mldh tsc ls] og [qn gh ns nsrk
g,4 rqe dgrs gks] /ü;Hkx] c\Ls l†tu vkneh gks2 d‘I u fn;k geX4
exj pksj vk,j nkuh Sd gh flDds ds nks igyw gT4 pksj dks Hh /u eX ew¥; ekyw
e gksrk g, vk,j nkuh dks Hh /u eX ew¥; ekywe gksrk g,4 pksj izlU gksrk g, tc
cgqr pqjk ysrk g,6 nkuh izlU gksrk g, tc cgqr nku ns nsrk g,4 ysfdu 8cgqr9
D;k` dk,u7lh pht cgqr` og /u gh cgqr4 gj gkyr eX /u dk gh ew¥; g,4
rks ps‘Ik vxj djksxs rks nqtZu ls l†tu gks tkvksxs4 ysfdu rqégkjk ek,fyd vk/k
j ugC cnyk4 rqégkjh cqfu;kn ogh jgh4 ftl cqfu;kn ij osæ;kx1g dk edku [\
Lk Fk mlh cqfu;kn ij rqeus eafnj cuk;k4 ysfdu cqfu;kn ogh jgh4 blfyS n
kuh dh Hh vd\L gksrh g,3c\Lh vd\L gksrh g,2 dHh7dHh rks pksj fouez gksrs gT
vk,j nkuh fouez ugC gksrs4 pksj dks rks Fks\Lk Lj Hh jgrk g, fd eT pksj gwaA nku
h dks D;k Lj g,` nkuh rks ijek®ek ds lkeus Hh vd\L dj [\Lk gks tkrk g,4
eTus lquk g,] Sd vkneh ejk] ¬oxZ igqapk4 c\Lh vd\L ls Hhrj x;k4 ijek®ek us
iwNk fd bruh vd\L ls pys vk jgs gks] vkf[j Sslk fd;k D;k g,` D;kXfd dj
usokys bruh vd\L ls vkrs gT4 rks ijek®ek rks tkurk gh gksxk] lukru dky ls
ns[rk g,4 pksj vxj vkrs Hh gT rks flj >qdk djds vkrs gT] dqN Fks\Lh7lh fou
ezrk gksrh g,4 nkuh jgk gksxk ;g vkneh4 fd;k D;k g,`
rks ml vkneh us D;k fd;k g,` mlus vius nku dh dFk crkB4 dgkuh c\Lh e
tsnkj g,4 mlus dgk fd eTus rhu i,ls Sd vk,jr dks fnS Fs4 rqe lkspksxs fd rh
u i,ls eX bruh vd\L2 exj rqe ftruk Hh nksxs og ijek®ek ds lkeus rhu i,

vtgw psr xaokj
ls ls †;knk dk gksus okyk ugC g,4 rqeus rhu djks\L ns fnS Fs] ysfdu rqégkjs rh
u djks\L ml ijeko¬Fk ds lkeus rhu i,ls Hh rks ugC gT4 blfyS Ohd gh dgr
h g, dgkuh fd ml vkneh us dgk fd eTus rhu i,ls Sd xjhc dks fnS Fs4 ije
k®ek Hh Fks\Lk my>u eX i\Lk fd vc D;k djuk2 fnS Fs] ;g lp g,4 [krs7cgh
fn[okS] brus fnS Fs4 rks mlus vius lykgdkj ls iwNk fd HkB D;k djuk b
lds lkF` rhu i,ls blus fnS Fs4
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ysfdu tkSxk rks ujd gh4
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j pk,chl ?aIs HykB eX gh vius dks yxkS j[rk g,4 ysfdu lk/q Hh Ljk jgrk
g,4 D;kXfd tks mlus dkI dj GXd fn;k g,] og dkIrk Fks\Ls gh g,4
rqe dqN dkI dj GXd gh ugC ldrs4 vxj rqeus dkeokluk nck yh g, rks nck
Hj yh g,] og ek,twn g,4 \tjk7lk mdlkok \tjk7lh izsj<k dgC ls fey tkS] \t
jk7lh iqyd vk tkS] og fGj tx tkSxh4 o"k˜ ds ckn tx tkSxh4 rqeus ∂ks/
vxj nck fn;k g, rks nckus ls dqN dI ugC tkrk4 og i\Lk g, rqégkjs ?j ds
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g i\Lk g,] og izrh{k dj jgk g,4 dHh Hh ek,dk feysxk og izdI gks tkSxk4
lfn;kX i\Lk jgs rks Hh futño ugC gksrk4
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gj vkus eX Ljrk g,4 D;kXfd ckgj vkS rks ckgj nqfu;k g,4 nqfu;k dk eryc g
ksrk g, pquk,fr;ka4 nqfu;k dk vFZ gksrk g, ogka gtkj rjg ds izyksHu vk,j gtkj
rjg dh oklukSa gok eX ?we jgh gT4 ogka ?c\Lkrk g, vkus eX4 ;k fgeky; ij
c,O x;k g, xqGk eX tkdj] ogka ls uhps ugC mrjrk4 lc rjg ls rqégkjk lk/q
H;Hhr g,4 ysfdu ;g Hh dksB lk/qrk gqB ftleX bruk H; gks`
egkohj us rks dgk g, vH; ds fcuk dksB l®; dks tku u ldsxk4 vk,j rqégkjk
lk/q rks c\Lk H;Hhr g,4 t,u lk/qvkX dks vdsyk pyus dh Hh vkKk ugC g,] D;kX
fd vdsys eX dksB vkneh x\Lc\L dj ys2 rks utj j[rs gT4 ikap vkneh pyk fn

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ykX ds chp eX ugC pyrs4 exj t,u lk/q ds fyS fu;e g, fd og vdsyk u jgs
4 Sdkarlsoh eX [rjk g,4 D;kXfd vdsyk jgs] dqN x\Lc\L dj ys2 ns[s dgC ek,dk
] dksB ns[usokyk Hh ugC g,] vdsys fey xS gT] pyks dj xqtjks4 rks pkj ds lk
F pyk nsrs gT4
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;g rks tcjn¬rh dks\Ls ds cy ls fdlh cπps dks 'kar fcOk fn;k g,3yksH ;k H;
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rks /qavk fudysxk4
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l†tu ls lk/q gks tkS3exj lar dHh ugC gks ikrk4 lar vius fdS gksrk gh u
gC4 lar euq‘; ds Î®; ds ckgj g,4 lar rks ijek®ek ds izlkn ls gksrk g,4

d,lh vn.Hqr ckr dgh g, fd f_xq< dk nkx NwI x;k4 bl f_xq< eX re rks lfé
efyr g, gh] jt Hh lféefyr g,] l®o Hh lféefyr g,4 nqtZurk xB] l†turk
xB] lk/qrk xB3;s nkx gh NwI xS4 tc rd rqe lk/q gks rc rd vlk/qrk d
gC cph g,6 ugC rks lk/q d,ls] lk/q fdlfyS`
lar dk vFZ g, ftlds Hhrj dqN Hh u cpk4 og tks rhu dk tky Fk] og tks
rhu dk f_'wy fNnk Fk vk®ek eX] og vyx gks x;k4 exj ;g izHq7Îik ls gh
gksrk g,] ;g izHq7izlkn ls gh gksrk g,4
iwju izdIs Hkx] dje dk dylk GwIk449

fdruh ps‘Ik geus dh g,3iyIw dgrs gT3vius dek˜ dks cnyus dh] ysfdu dylk
yack Fk] iqjkuk Fk] Hkjh Fk] tüekX7tüekX dk Fk4 vxj rqe vius dek˜ dks cn
yrs pyksxs rks dc cny ikvksxs` Fks\Lk lkspks Hh] fdrus deZ rqeus fdS gT3fd
rus iki] fdrus iq≤;] fdruh pksfj;ka] fdrus >wO] fdrus vuar7vuar tüekX eX rq
eus vuar iki fdS gT] vxj mudk Sd7Sd dk fglkc rqégX nsuk i\Ls vk,j Sd7
Sd ds eqdkcys rqégX dksB 'qH deZ djuk i\Ls] rks dc NwIksxs` rc rks vuar dk
y chr tkSxk vk,j rqe NwIksxs ugC4 vk,j ;g vuar dky tks chrsxk] bleX Hh
dqN djksxs u] bleX c,Os Fks\Ls gh jgksxs2 rks og tks djksxs] fGj vkxs ds fyS tk
y curk tkSxk4 vk,j rc ;g ckr nq‘p∂ dh gks xB4 blds ckgj d,ls fudyuk

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4 cksyks rks deZ gks jgk g,4 æokl Hh yks rks dksB dh\Ls7edks\Ls ej jgs gT4
o,Kkfud dgrs gT] Sd pqacu ysus eX dksB Sd yk[ dhIk<q ej tkrs gT4 Sd 'çn
cksys] vkXO [qyk] can gqvk] rks cgqr ls dhIk<q ej xS4 pys gok eX rks dhIk
<q ej xS4 tehu ij pys rks dhIk<q ej xS4 Hkstu djksxs rks Vglk gksxh4
di\Ls iguksxs rks Vglk gksxh4 uaxs jgksxs rks Vglk gksxh4 ;gka dqN fcuk fdS rks
Sd {< Hh th;k ugC tk ldrk4 thou rks Î®; dh /kjk g,4 vk,j vuar tüekX
ls ;g /kjk py jgh g,] lcdk fglkc7fdrkc pqdkuk g,4 d,ls pqdsxk` rks fGj
eks{ rks gks gh ugC ldrk g,4 fGj fuokZ< dh vk'k Nks\Lks4 ysfdu vk'k Nks\Lus
dh tWjr ugC g,] D;kXfd rqégkjs fdS eks{ ugC gksrk4 rqégkjs fdS dsoy lalk
j gksrk g,4 rqe tks Hh djksxs mlls lalkj gh gksrk g,4 ftl fnu rqe djuk Nks\L
nsrs gks] le√ir gks tkrs3rqe dgrsA vc rw dj] rsjh etñ6 vc eT dqN Hh u
dWaxk6 rw tks djokSxk] dWaxk6 pksjh djokSxk] pksjh dWaxk6 Htu djokSxk]
Htu dWaxk6 viuh rjG ls chp eX ykMaxk gh ugC6 rsjh tks etñ cqjk cukSx
k rks cqjk cuwaxk] Hyk cukSxk rks Hyk cuwaxk6 u rks eT Hys ds fyS dksB vd\L
ywaxk u cqjs ds fyS dksB iæpkrki ywaxk ~ ~ ~4
le>X bl ckr dks4 8Î®; ds fyS eT vius drkZ dks fu√er u dWaxk4 rw tku4
rw drkZ g,4 ge rks cl tks vkKk ns nsxk ogh djrs jgXxs49 3Sslh HDr dh n'k
g,4
8iwju izdIs Hkx9~ ~ ~ ~4 vk,j Ssls leiZ< dh f¬Ffr eX Hk≈; dk iw<Z pkan fud
yrk g,4 iwju izdIs Hkx2 dksf'' djus ls rks Fks\Lk7cgqr vkneh Hkx dks izdI
dj ys rks cgqr g,2 nwt dk pkan gks tkS rks cgqr g,6 iw√<ek dk pkan dHh ugC
gks ikrk4 nwt dk gks tkS rks cgqr g,4 viuh ps‘Ik fdruh3péep t,lh2 blls
lkxj myhpus pys gks2
8iwju izxIs Hkx] dje dk dylk GwIk49
vk,j ;g tks Hk≈; dk iw<Z izdI gks tkuk g,] ;g tks ijek®ek dk iwjk cjl tku
k g,] bldk nwljk lgt ifj<ke gks x;k fd og tks dylk Fk] og tks HkaLk Fk
] og tks flj ij ?\Lk fyS py jgs Fs tüe7tüe ds dek˜ dk] og GwI x;k4
8iyIw vaf/;kjh feIh] ckrh nhügh ckj49
lc va/dkj feI x;k] nh;k ty mOk] †;ksfr izxIh4
8gkF tksfj vkxs feyT] y, y, HXI vehj49

vtgw psr xaokj
vk,j iyIw dgrs gT fd eT xjhc vkneh] jke dk eksnh] jke dk cfu;k] dHh dq
N vk,j fd;k ugC] rjktw laHkyuk Hj tkurk Fk4 csprk jgk lkeku xkao ds N
ksIs ls cktkj eX3uaxk tykyiqj4 xjhckX dk xkao jgk gksxk] blfyS 8uaxk tykyiq
j94 c\Ls7c\Ls /uifr] c\Ls ;'¬oh vkxs vk7vk dj HXI ys7ys dj eq>ls feyrs gT2
g,jkuh gksrh g,4 eq>eX»»¤»»rks Sslk dksB xq< ugC Fk4
;g HDr dh n'k g,4 eq>eX rks dHh Ssls dksB xq< dh ckr gh ugC Fh4 ;g gks
D;k x;k2 ;g dk,u esjs Hhrj izdI gks jgk g, ftldks ;g ue¬dkj dh tk jgh
g,4
nqfu;k eX nks rjg ds yksx gT4 dksB vkneh in ij igqap tkrk g,] rqe mldks ue
¬dkj djrs gks rks og le>rk g, rqe mldks ue¬dkj dj jgs gks4 dk,u mldks u
e¬dkj djrk g,2 ohº ohº fxfj dks dksB ue¬dkj djrk g,` os cspkjs [qn gh iz
pkj djrs fGjrs gT fd eT vHh Hh toku gwa vk,j vHh Hh dke eX vk ldrk gwa
ns' ds lsok djus dks4 exj dksB lsok ysus eX Hh m®lqd ugh gT4 nsus okykX dh
Hh lsok ysus dks dksB m®lqd ugC g,2
in ij tks g, mls ;g Hzkafr gksrh g, fd yksx eq>s ue¬dkj dj jgs gT4 in ij ls
mrjrs gh irk pyrk g, fd ;g Hzkafr Fh4 yksx in dks ue¬dkj djrs gT4 rks
tks jktusrk in ij gksrk g,] ns[ks mlds ¬okxr7lekjaH2 yk[kX dk [pZ4 yk[kX
dh Hh\L7Hk\L4 yksx Ssls pys vkrs gT t,ls ijek®ek dk vorj< gqvk gks4 fGj o
g vkneh in ij ugC jgk] dksB ns[rk Hh ugC4 fGj mügC l†tu dks rqe viuk
lkeku Pksrs gqS vk,j ¬Is'u ij ns[ksxs4 viuk Ikaxk [qn gh [kst jgs gT4 dksB ys
us Hh ugC vkrk4 yksx cpdj fudy tkrs gT fd HB buls cpks6 vc budk l®
lax djuk [rjukd g,] buls ue¬dkj djuk Hh [rjukd g,] D;kXfd buds foj
ks/h vc lRk eX gT] vc >a>I dh ckr g,4 budh [q'ken djrs Fs] xqykeh djrs
Fs] budh c\Lh ¬rqfr ds xhr xkrs Fs4 vc buls yksx vka[X pqjkrs gT4
rks Sd rks Ssls yksx gT tks lksprs gT in ij gksus ls mudks yksx ue¬dkj dj jgs
gT4 ;g jktuhfrK dh Hzkafr g,4 vk,j Sd /k√ed vkneh g, fd mls fn[kB i\Lr
k g,A c\Lh g,jkuh dh ckr g,] eT rks dqN gwa gh ugC] eT rks uk7dqN] ukpht2 ;g
gqvk D;k g,] yksx D;k ikxy gks xS gT2 8gkF tksfj vkxs feyT] y,7y, HXI vehj4
budks gqvk D;k ukle>kX dks2 eq> xjhc vkneh dks] ftleX u dksB xq< g,] u
dksB y{< g,] u dksB ;ks≈;rk g,] u dksB dyk g,4
8y,7y, HXI vehj] uke dk rst fojktk49
iyIw dgrs gTA tWj dqN ckr mlh dh g,] mldk rst fojktk g,2 ;s mlh dks u
e¬dkj dj jgs gT4 ;s izHq dks ue¬dkj dj jgs gT] eT rks fufeR ek_ gwa] ;s eq>s
ue¬dkj ugC dj jgs gT4

vtgw psr xaokj
8y,7y, HXI vehj] uke dk rst fojktk4
lc dksM jxj, ukd] vkbd, ijtk7jktk44
ldynkj eT ugC] uhp fGj tkfr gekjh4
iyIw dgrs gTA u rks esjs ikl dksB lkTn;Z g,~ ~ ~ ldynkj eT ugC4 esjs ikl dksB
lqanj psgjk Hh ugC4 dksB lkTn;Z Hh ugC g,4 lk/kj< t,lk vkneh gwa4
8ldynkj eT ugC] uhp fGj tkfr gekjh49
fGj gekjk dksB o<Z cgqr Mapk ugC fd eT dksB czk‰< gwa fd yksx esjs i,j NqSa4
8xks\L /ks; "Idje] oju iho, y, pkjh49
vk,j ;g ekeyk D;k gqvk tk jgk g, fd yksx vkrs gT] pkjkX o<k˜ ds yksx vkrs
gT] "Idek˜ dks djus okys Kkuh vkrs gT vk,j esjs i,j /ks dj ikuh ihrs gT2 tWj
;g ckr esjh ugC g,4 uke dk rst fojktk4 ;s esjs i,j ugC Nw jgs vk,j u ;s es
js i,j /ks jgs gT4 bügX dqN fn[kB i\L jgk g,4 bügX ogh fn[kB i\Lus yxk g, tks
eq>s Hhrj fn[kB i\L jgk g,4
;g /k√ed vkneh dk y{< g,4
8fcu yldj fcu Gk,t] eqyqd eX fGjh nqgkB49
3u esjs ikl Gk,t g, u GksIks g,] exj lkjs ns' eX esjh nqgkB dh nqanqHh fiI jgh
g,2
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rsjs uke dh efgek vikj g,2 geus rks dqN bruk gh fd;k fd rsjh ;kn dh vk,
j ;g D;k gks x;k2 geus rks dqN bruk gh fd;k fd rq>s ¬ej< fd;k6 fo¬ej<
fd;k Fk] ¬ej< fd;k2
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lRuke ds fygs ls] iyIw H;k xaHhj4
8xaHhj9 dk vFZ le>uk4 xaHhj dk vFZ o,lk ugC g, t,lk vkerk,j ls vkt gks
x;k g,4 xaHhj dk vFZ gksrk g, c\Ls xaHhj gT] c\Ls 8lhfj;l92 ugC] Sslk xaHhj d
k vFZ ugC g,4 xaHhj dk ek,fyd vFZ g,A xgjs] xgu4 iyIw dgrs gT fd eT c\Lk

vtgw psr xaokj
xgjk gks x;k4 rsjh ek,twnxh D;k vkB] eT xgjk gks x;k2 eT viwoZ Wi ls xgjk
gks x;k4 Sd xgurk vk xB] tks eq>eX dHh Fh ugC4 eT rks fNNyk7fNNyk Fk4
eT rks Mij7Mij Fk] eT rks lrg ij Fk4
8lRuke ds fygs ls iyIw H;k xaHhj4
8lar lkluk lgr gT] t,ls lgr dikl44
t,ls lgr dikl] uk; pj[h eX vk,Is49
;g opu le>uk4 lar lkluk lgr gT~~~lar d‘I lgrs gT] t,ls lgr dikl4 t,
ls dikl cgqr7lh rdyhGkX ls xqtjrk g,4 ysfdu 8lkluk9 'çn dk Sd vFZ d‘
I Hh gksrk g,] ek,fyd vFZ dqN vk,j gksrk g,4 ek,fyd vFZ rks gksrk g,A 'klu]
vuq'klu] lk/uk4
d‘I nks rjg ds gT txr. eX4 Sd rks d‘I] tks rqe lguk ugC pkgrs vk,j lgrs
gks4 mlls thou IwIrk g,4 vk,j Sd d‘I] tks rqe ¬o;a vaxhdkj djrs gks] mlls
thou fu√er gksrk g,4 vk,j ;g ckr c\Ls dke dh g,4 bls ;kn vxj j[ ldks
rks rqe d‘IkX dk ¬oWi cny ldrs gks4 tks d‘I rqégX fo÷oal dj tkSaxs mügC d
ks rqe l1tuk®ed cuk ldrs gks4 mügX ¬ohdkj djks] mudk mi;ksx djks4 tc nqA
[ vkS rks rqe mls lk/uk cukvks4 rqe mls Hh tkxus dk mik; cukvks4 nqA[
eX vkneh c\Lh lqfo/k ls tkxrk g,4 lq[ eX vkneh lks tkrs gT4 vxj \tjk7lh Hh
cqf0 gks rks nqA[ eX rks vkneh lks gh d,ls ldrk g,` pknj vks\P dj ugC lks
ldrs nqA[ eX4 bl ek,ds dk mi;ksx dj yks4
8lar lkluk lgr gT t,ls lgr dikl49
t,ls dikl dks c\Ls d‘IkX ls xqtjuk i\Lrk g,] ysfdu os lkjs d‘I dikl dks bl
;ks≈; cuk nsrs gT fd dHh og lezkIkX dk o¬_ cus] lezkIkX ds vax NqS] Pkds dh
eyey cus4 Ssls gh ø;fDr Hh /hjs7/hjs d‘IkX dk vxj Ohd ls mi;ksx djs rks
ijek®ek ds vax Nwus ds ;ks≈; gks tkrk g,4
8lar lkluk lgr gT t,ls lgr dikl4
dikl dks pj[h eX vksIuk i\Lrk g,4

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8QB ?j tc rqu, gkF ls nksm fuHksI,49

vk,j fGj nksukX gkFkX ls rks\Lrk g,] rks\Lk tkrk g,4
8jkse7jkse vyxk; idfjd, /qfu;k /wuh49
vk,j Sd7Sd js's dks vyx djrk g, /qfu;k /wuh eX /qu7/qu dj4
8fimuh cga n, dkr9~ ~ ~ ~ ~4 fGj iwuh dks c\Ps gqS uk[wu eX Nsn djds mleX ls
ckjhd7ckjhd lwr fudkyrk g,4
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xjh ekjh49 fGj eqxfj;kX ls ihIk tkrk g,3lGkB ds fyS] 'q0rk ds fyS4
8njth Iqd Iqd Gkfj] tksfjd, fd;k r;kjh49
fGj njth dkIrk g,] Gk\Lrk g,] fGj dgC o¬_ curk g,4 o¬_3 tks lezkIkX ds
vax yx tkS4
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A[ dk Hh mi;ksx dj ysrk g,4 nqA[ dks 'klu cuk ysrk g,] vk®ekuq'klu cuk
ysrk g,4
esjh g¬rh dk eqgçcr eX Guk gks tkuk
oks esjk ukftl7S7vjckx7S7oGk gks tkuk
mudks ge Vtnk7S7tkosn dgk djrs gT
tkurs gT tks eqgçcr eX Guk gks tkuk4
dsoy os gh yksx vej®o dks miyç/ gksrs gT4~~~~~
mudks ge Vtnk7S7tkosn dgk djrs gT
tkurs gT tks eqgçcr eX Guk gks tkuk4

vtgw psr xaokj
tks izse eX ej tkuk tkurs gT] tks izse eX feI tkuk pkgrs gT] tks izse eX 'wü; gks
tkuk tkurs gT3os gh vej®o dks miyç/ gksrs gT4 rks HDr rks vius dks feIk
Lkyrk g,] t,ls dikl lc rjG ls feI tkrk g,4
os tks feIus dh lkjh izf∂;kSa gT] os gh cuus dh izf∂;kSa gT4 rqe feIus dks feI
uk er le>uk4 feIuk le>s rks rqe cpus yxksxs feIuk le>s rks d‘I4 fG
j d‘I ls cpus ds fyS Hqykus dk mik;3'jkc] lkTn;Z] laxhr4 vxj d‘I dks
d‘I u le>s6 le>k fd ijek®ek /qu jgk g,] js's7js's vyx dj jgk g,] fd i
jek®ek /ks jgk g,6 ;g tks eqxjh ls ihIk tk jgk gwa] ;g esjh lGkB gks jgh g,]
eq>ls dw\Lk7dpjk vyx fd;k tk jgk g,4 ;g tks eT pj[h eX jkTnk tk jgk gwa]
;g blhfyS g, rkfd esjs Hhrj fNik gqvk tks jg¬; g,] og izdI gks tkS6 esjs
Hhrj tks fNik gqvk izdk' g, og izdIs4 esjk dey mOs] f[ys4 esjh lqokl izd
I gks4
ftlus bl Hkafr ys fy;k mlus nqA[ dk vuq'klu cuk fy;k4 mlds thou eX ∂
kafr fufæpr gks tkSxh4 fGj og nqA[ ls Hkxrk ugC] nqA[ ls cprk ugC] nqA[
dks Hqykrk ugC3nqA[ ds volj dk mi;ksx dj ysrk g,6 nqA[ dks pquk,rh cuk ys
rk g,4
8ij¬okjF ds dkjus nqA[ lg, iyIwnkl4
lar lkluk lgr gT] t,ls lgr dikl449
vk,j lar ds thou eX nks rjg ds nqA[ gT4 igys3lar®o ds ?Ius ds igys4 og c
gqr rjg ds nqA[ >syrk g,4 nqA[ rks lHh dks gT4 Sslk ugC fd lar dks gh nqA[
g,6 nqA[ rks rqégX Hh g,] lcdks g,4 ysfdu rqe muls cpuk pkgrs gks6 lar mügX
vaxhdkj djrk g,] ¬ohdkj djrk g,] vgksHko ls ¬ohdkj djrk g,4 ;g Hh izHq
dh etñ4 ;g Hh izHq dh HXI g,4
dk' rqe nqA[ dks Hh izHq dh HXI le> yks rks vuq'klu i,nk gks tkSxk4 fGj f
Gj rqégkjs Hhrj ukjktxh u jg tkSxh4 vk,j rqégkjs Hhrj ∂ks/ u jg tkSxk
vk,j f'dk;r u jg tkSxh4 vk,j rqégkjs Hhrj ls izkFZuk mOsxh4
cht dks tehu eX Lkyrs gT4 cht dks vxj irk u gks3d,ls irk gksxk fd o1{ c
uusokyk g,] f[yXxs Gwy] vkdk' eX mOXxh 'k[kSa] ?us iRs vkSaxs] olar vkSxk]
gokSa ukpXxh] i{h ?kXlys cukSaxs] lwjt dh fdj<kX ls ckrX gkXxh] pkan7rkjkX ls
xq©rxw gksxh3;g lc rks mls irk ugC g,4 tc rqe cht dks Lkyrs gks tehu eX
rks cht rks r\Lirk gksxk fd ;g fdl d‘I eX eq>s Lkyk tk jgk g,] ;g D;kX
eq>s feÈh eX nck;k tk jgk g,` vHh rks eT Vtnk gwa] D;kX esjh dcz [ksnh tk jg
h g,` mls rks yxrk gksxk ;g dcz gks xB4 mls irk ugC fd blh dcz ls mldk
thou fudysxk4 ;gh e1®;q mlds uS thou dh 'qQvkr g,4

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Ohd Ssls gh gekjs thou ds d‘I gT4 lalkjh muls cprk g,6 laü;klh mügX vaxhdk
j djrk g,3lk,Hk≈;iwoZd] /ü;okniwoZd] ÎrKrk ls] mudks HXI eku ysrk g,4
rqe \tjk dqN fnu iz;ksx djds ns[ks4 tc vc dh ckj nqA[ vkS] dksB Hh nqA[
vkS] d,lk Hh nqA[ vkS] 'jhj dk fd eu dk] mls HXI dh rjg ¬ohdkj djds
ns[ks vk,j rqe ikvksxs pe®dkj gqvk4 ml nqA[ dh lkjh xq<oRk cny xB4 ml
dk lkjk Wikarj< gks x;k4 og nqA[ dqN dk dqN gks x;k4
iz;ksx djds ns[uk] D;kXfd ;g rks ckr iz;ksx djus dh g,4 tks Hh nqA[ vkS mls
¬ohdkj dj ysuk fd izHq us Hstk rks tWj fu[kjrk gksxk] ekatrk gksxk] lkG
djrk gksxk4 ;kn j[uk iyIw ds ;s opu6
lar lkluk lgr gT] t,ls lgr dikl44
QB ?j tc rqu, gkF ls nksm fuHksI,44
jkse7jkse vyxk; idfjd, /qfu;k /wuh4
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/ksch HÈh ij /jh] dqanhxj eqxjh ekjh4
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[;ky j[uk] bruh r,;kjh djuh i\Lsxh4
tc ¬o<Zdkj lksus dks Lkyrk gksxk vkx eX rks lksuk Hh r\Lirk gksxk fd ;g dk,
u7lk d‘I eq>s fn;k tk jgk g,2 ysfdu vkx eX i\Ldj gh rks lksuk dqanu curk
g,] 'q0 gksrk g,] dpjk tyrk g,4 nqA[ ds fcuk dksB dHh fu[jrk ugC4
eq>ls dHh7dHh yksx vkdj iwNrs gT fd ijek®ek vxj g, rks nqfu;k eX bruk nq
A[ D;kX g,` mudk izæu lkFZd ekywe gksrk g,6 rdZ ds txr. eX rks fc¥dqy lkFZ
d ekywe gksrk g,4 vly eX os ;g dg jgs gT fd vxj bruk nqA[ g, rks ijek®
ek gks gh ugC ldrk6 ;k vxj ijek®ek g, rks ;g nqA[ cscw> g,] ;g ugC gksuk
pkfgS4 D;kXfd yksx dgrs gT ijek®ek n;kyq g,] jgeku g,] jghe g,] Îikyq g,4
rks fGj ijek®ek tc bruk jgeku g, rks bruk nqA[ D;kX g,` os Sd rk√dd
loky mOk jgs gT4 os ;g dg jgs gT fd vxj ;g nqA[ g, rks lkG g, fd ;k rks
ijek®ek jgeku ugC g,] ',rku g,6 vk,j ;k fGj ijek®ek g, gh ugC4 ;g txr.

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dsoy Sd nq?ZIuk ek_ g,] Sd la;ksx ek_] gks x;k g,4 blds ihNs dksB pyusok
yk ugC g,4 blds ihNs dksB j[okyk ugC g,4 blds ihNs dksB ugC g, tks bldh V
prk djrk gks4 vxj Vprk djusokyk ijek®ek gks rks bruk nqA[ D;kX g,` vk,j
;k os dgrs gT fd vxj ijek®ek g, rks fGj le>kbS fd nqA[ dk D;k dkj< g,
` firk vius cπpkX dks nqA[ rks ugC nsuk pkgrk4 eka vius csIs dks nqA[ rks ugC
nsuk pkgrh4 vk,j ;g ijek®ek firk g, gekjk] rks nqA[ D;kX g,`
mudh ckr rdZ ds ry ij c\Lh lgh g,] exj thou vk,j vf¬r®o ds ry ij c\
Lh ukle>h ls Hjh g,4 blhfyS nqA[ g, fd ijek®ek g,4 eT tc mügX ;g mRj
nsrk gwa rks os cgqr pkTdrs gT4 eT dgrk gwa] blhfyS nqA[ g, fd ijek®ek g,4 eka
cgqr d‘I nsrh g, cπpkX dks vk,j cki Hh cgqr d‘I nsrk g,4 ;g rqels fdlus d
gk fd cki d‘I ugC nsrk g, vk,j fdlus dgk fd eka d‘I ugC nsrh4 gka] eka d‘
I dQ<k ds dkj< gh nsrh g,4 gtkj ckj cπps ukjkt gksrs gT6 gtkj ckj eka ek
jrh g,4 gtkj ckj tkuk pkgrs gT dgC] ugC tkus nsrh4 vkx eX gkF Lkyuk pkg
rs gT] fdlh dks [Cpuk i\Lrk g,4 cπps cπps gT4 lp rks ;g g, fd dk,u cπps v
ius eka7cki dks ekG dj ikrs g,2 pksI cuh jgrh g, fd cgqr lrk;k tc NksIs
Fs4
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/7Wi g,4 d\Loh g, vk,"f/] ekuk6 exj vk,"f/;ka d\Loh gksrh g,4 feOkb;ka ugC
gT vk,"f/;ka4 tgj dks tgj ls ekjuk gksrk g,4 dkaIs dks dkaIs ls fudkyuk gksrk
g,4
rqégkjs thou eX c\Lk va/dkj g,4 /qu7/qu dj mls vyx djuk gksxk4 rqégkjs th
ou eX c\Lk vgadkj g,4 mldh [ksy etcwr g,4 rqégX feÈh eX Lky dj dwIuk gks
xk rkfd vgadkj dh [ksy feI tkS rks rqégkjs Hhrj ls ik,/k] rqégkjs Hhrj fN
ih gqB laHkouk izdI gks tkS4
rks Sd rks lar nqA[ >syrk g,4 exj mldk Hko c\Lk vuwOk g,4 Sd rqe nqA[ >s
yrs gks6 rqégkjk Hko c\Lk ∂ks/ ls Hjk g,4 rqe nqA[ >syrs gks3c\Ls izfrjks/ ls
y\Lrs7y\Lrs] tw>rs7tw>rs4 lar >syrk g,3¬ohdkj ls] leiZ< ls] vgksHko ls4
rqe nqA[ Ssls >syrs gks t,ls c\Ls o1{ rwGku eX [\Ls jgrs gT vd\L dj] ftn ls]
y\Lrs gT6 vk,j tc dHh fxj tkrs gT rks fGj mO ugC ikrs4 lar Ssls nqA[ >syrk
g, t,ls ?kl ds ik,/s4 vk;k rwGku] ?kl dk ik,/k iwoZ fxj x;k rks iwoZ fxj tk
rk g,6 ifæpe fxjk fn;k rks ifæpe fxj tkrk g,4 tgka fxjk fn;k] fxj x;k4 ?
j dk ik,/k jsfl¬I ugC djrk] izfr'ks/ ugC ysrk] izfrjks/ ugC djrk4 >x\Lus
dh o1fR ugC g, mldh6 >qd tkrk g,4 ;g >qduk gh leiZ< g,4 vk,j >qdus eX c\
Lk etk g,4 fxj rks tkrk g,] ysfdu t,ls gh rwGku pyk tkrk g,] c\Ls o1{ fxj
xS lks fxj xS] fGj ugC mO ldrs6 ?kl dk ik,/k fGj mO vkrk g,3vk,j Hh
ygygkrk gqvk] igys ls Hh †;knk rktk4 /wy >k\L x;k rwGku ys x;k dw\Lk7dj

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dI tks vkl7ikl yx x;k gksxk ftanxh eX rktk gksdj ik,/k fGj “\Lk gks x;k4
rwGku mls rks\L ugC ik;k4 D;kXfd ftls >qdus dh dyk vkrh g,] mls dksB Hh
ugC rks\L ikrk4
flGZ vgadkjh IwIrs gT6 fouez ugC IwIrs gT4 fujgadkjh dks d,ls rks\Lksxs` mls >qd
us dh dyk vkrh g,4
iwoZ ds lkjs 'k¬_ vk,j iwoZ ds lkjs /eZ >qdus dh dyk fl[krs gT4 ?kl ds t,ls
gh jgks4 vd\Ls gqS nsonkW ds o1{ cu dj er [\Ls gks tkvks4 ;g vd\L egaxh
i\Lsxh4 fxjs rks fGj mO u ldksxs4
rks vgadkj g,~ ~ ~ lalkjh y\Lrk g,4 laü;klh >qdrk g,4
Sd rks ;g f¬Ffr g,4 fGj tc lar®o miyç/ gks tkrk g,] rc nwljs rjg ds
d‘I 'qW gksrs gT] fGj lekt d‘I nsuk 'qW djrk g,4 mu d‘IkX dk lalkjh dks f
c¥dqy irk ugC g,4 ijek®ek tks d‘I nsrk g, os rks lalkjh vk,j laü;klh nksukX d
ks cjkcj g,4 GdZ laü;klh vk,j lalkjh dh Hko7n'k eX g,] d,ls mügX ¬ohdkj fd;
k tkS4 laü;klh vgksHko ls ¬ohdkj djrk g,] vkVyxu ysrk g,4 D;kXfd ijek®ek
dh HXI g,] vk,j dksB mik; g, Hh ugC ¬ohdkj djus dk6 ;gh Ohd ekxZ g,4 uk
p dj] /ü;7Hkx ls] izlkn7Wi2 lalkjh y\Lrk g,4 ;gka rd rks ckr cjkcj g, f
d nksukX dks nqA[ gksrs gT4 GdZ ;gka ls 'qW gksrk g, fd laü;klh ¬ohdkj7Hko ls
ysrk g,4
fGj Sd nwljk nqA[ g, tks dsoy lar dks gh gksrk g,] laü;klh dks gh gksrk g,4 o
g lalkjh dks ugC gksrk4 og nqA[ g, lekt ds }kjk4
8ij¬okjF ds dkjus nqA[ lgs iyIwnkl4
lar lkluk lgr gT t,ls lgr dikl449
t,ls gh fdlh ø;fDr eX ijek®ek dk rst fojktrk g, fd ml ø;fDr ds thou eX
viwoZ fo–ksg ?Irk g,] ∂kafr ?Irh g,4 mlds 'çn7'çn eX vaxkj gks tkrs gT4 ;g
lekt mu vaxkjkX dks cjnkær ugC dj ikrk6 mu 'çnkX dh pksI lg ugC ikrk
4 ;g lalkj larkX dk lnk fojks/h gks tkrk g,4 rks lqdjkr dks tgj fiyk nsrk g,
4 thll dks lwyh yIdk nsrk g,4 ealwj ds vax7vax dkI dj ekj Lkyrk g,4 bl
dks Hh lar c\Ls vkuan ls lgrs gT4
8ij¬okjF ds dkjus9~ ~ ~ ~4 igys rks nqA[ lgs fd fu[jX6 vc tc fu[j xS r
ks ;s tks u fu[js yksx gT budks ukjktxh 'qW gksrh g,4 ¬oHkorA budks c\Lh B‘;
kZ id\Lrh g,] c\Lk d‘I gksrk g, fd dksB gels igys tkx x;k vk,j ge lks jgs gT
4 vk,j dksB ijek®ek dks ik fy;k vk,j geus ugC ik;k2 feIk nXxs bls2 bl lcw
r dks feIk nXxs4 ;g izek< u jgus nXxs4

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thll dks tc ;gwfn;kX us lwyh nh rks D;k fd;k` ijek®ek dk izek< feIkuk p
kgk4 Sd dks ugC feysxk4 lqdjkr dks tc yksxkX us tgj fiyk;k rks fdlfyS`
D;kXfd 'çn dks cjnkær u dj lds4 yksx >wO eX thrs gT4 rqégkjh lkjh Vtnxh
>wO ls Hjh g,4 vk,j tc dksB vkneh lp cksyusokyk [\Lk gks tkrk g, rks rqégX
c\Lh v\Lpu gksrh g,4 rqégX og c\Lh fnDdr eX Lky nsrk g,4 vxj og Ohd g, rks
rqe lc xyr gks4 vk,j rqe lc xyr gks] ;g ekuuk rqégkjs vgadkj dks laHo
ugC4 rks ;gh mfpr g, fd og Sd gh xyr gksxk4 ml Sd dks gIk nks4 mls f
eIk nks4 mldh pedrh gqB Vtnxh rqégkjs va/dkj ls Hjs ?jkX ds fyS c\Lh df
Ou gks tkrh g,4 mldh pedrh gqB ftanxh ds dkj< rqégX vius va/dkj
eX jguk dfOu gks tkrk g, og rqégX ckgj [Cpus yxrk g,4 iqdkj mOus yxrh g,
4 rqe mls lrkus Hh yxrs gks4
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gk] og ijek®ek us Hstk Fk HXI dh rjg6 vk,j nwljk nqA[ blfyS lguk i\Lrk
g, fd tc vkuan feyrk g, rks mlds lkF gh lans' Hh feyrk g, fd bls ckaIks4
tc l®; feyrk g, rks mlds lkF ;g Hh vfuok;Z Wi ls ?Irk g, fd bl l®
; dks igaqpkvks mu rd tks vl®; eX [\Ls gT4 blfyS ij¬okjF ds dkjus ~ ~ ~ ~
~ vc nwljs ds fyS] tks HId jgs gT va/sjs eX] mudks Hh [cj fey tkS4 eq>s
fey xB] mügX Hh fey tkS4 ekuk fd os flj rks\LXxs4 ekuk fd os ukjkt gkXxs4
ekuk fd os dksB /ü;okn ugC nXxs4
larkX dks dc /ü;okn fn;k geus2 ge lnk ukjkt gqS gT4 vk,j vxj geus /ü;o
kn Hh fn;k rks muds ej tkus ds ckn fn;k4 ej tkus ds ckn lqfo/k g,4 cq0 t
k pqds] vc rqe mudh iwtk djks] dksB gtkZ ugC g,4 og l®; rks tk pqdk] vc
jk[ i\Lh jg xB g,] vc bldh iwtk djrs jgks4
yksx jk[ dh iwtk djrs jgrs gT] vaxkj ls Ljrs gT4 ¬okHkfod g,4 vaxkj tyk ns
xk6 jk[ rks tykSxh ugC4
thll dks lwyh nh vk,j vc thll ds uke ij fdrus ppZ gT nqfu;k eX2 lqdjkr
dks tgj ns dj ekj Lkyk vk,j iπphl lk, lky gks xS lqdjkr dh ;kn djrs
yksx] fdruh ;kn djrs gT2 vk,j rqels eT dgrk gwa] lqdjkr fGj vkS rks rqe f
Gj ekjksxs4 D;kXfd rqégkjk >wO fGj v\Lpu eX i\L tkSxk4
gqvk vkt nqæeu tekuk esjk
esjh lkGxksB [rk gks xB
Pys xe lHh v'vkj eX esjs

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ltk esjs gd eX ttk gks xB4
esjh lkGxksB [rk gks xB4
og tks lp g,] lkGxksB] og t,ls dks o,lk gh dg nsuk g,3mls dksB Hh {ek ug
C djrk4 l®; dks dksB {ek ugC djrk l®; ij yksx c\Ls ukjkt gks tkrs gT4
dksB ugC pkgrk fd rqégkjh u≈urk izdI dh tkS4 vk,j dksB ugC pkgrk fd rqé
gkjs >wO [ksy dj rqégkjs lkeus j[s tkSa4 vk,j dksB ugC pkgrk fd rqégkjs ?k
okX dh rqégX ;kn fnykB tkS] vk,j rqégkjh ew\PrkvkX dh vk,j rqégkjs vKku dh c
krX rqégX le>kB tkSa4 dksB ugC pkgrk4
vc ;s iyIwnkl vxj rqégX fey tkSa vk,j dgX fd vtgwa psr xaokj] rks rqe ukj
kt gks tkvkssxs fd eq>s ukjkt dg jgs gks2 gks' eX gks` fdldks xaokj dg jgs gks
`
iyIwnkl dgrs gTA vc psrks] cgqr gks xB xaokjh4
Sd nwljs opu eX mügkXus dgk g,A 8volj u pwd HkTnw92 rqe dks ukjktxh gks gh
tkSxh fd HkTnw dg jgs gks2 eT i\Pk7fy[k vkneh izfrf‘Or vkneh3rqe eq>dks
HkTnw dg jgs gks2
exj os Ohd gh dg jgs gT4 os ;gh dg jgs gT fd i\P7fy[ rks rwus fy;k] ysfdu
tkuk dqN ugC g,4 /u rks dek fy;k] vk,j Hhrj fu/Zu gT4 in rks fey x;k]
vlyh in dc [kstsxk` volj u pwd HkTnw2 ;g HkTnwiu er dj2 ckgj dk dq
N dke ugC vkSxk4 cl Hhrj dks tks ik ysrk g, ogh le>nkj g,6 ugC rks lc
xaokj g,4
ysfdu lar ds fyS rks vfuok;Z g, fd tks mlus tkuk g, og dgs4 tc Gwy xa/
ls Hj tkrk g, rks xa/ izdI gksrh g, pkgs gokSa ¬ohdkj djX vk,j u djX4 tc c
kny Hj tkrs gT ty ls rks cjlrs gT] pkgs i1ƒoh î;klh gks pkgs u gks4 tc nh;k
tyrk g, rks jks'uh izdI gksrh g,] pkgs va/sjk ukjkt gks pkgs jkth gks4
esjh lkGxksB [rk gks xB4
ogh v{é; vijk/ gks tkrk g,] l®; dks dg nsuk4 exj l®; dks dguk gh gksx
k4 og lar dh etcwjh g,4
cq0 us dgk fd izKk ds lkF7lkF dQ<k vfuok;Z Wi ls vkrh g,6 os lkF gh vk
rs gT4 os Sd gh flDds ds nks igyw gT4 b/j cks/ gqvk m/j dQ<k vkB4 dQ<k
dk eryc g,A ij¬okjF ds dkjus~ ~ ~4 vc os tks nwljs va/sjs eX HId jgs gT4 m

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udks Hh izdk' dh rjG ykuk gksxk] ;|fi os fojks/ djXxs4 os vius gh fgr dh
ckr ugC lquXxs4 os vius gh fgr dh ckr lqukusokys dks {ek Hh ugC djXxs4 ;
g lc Ohd g,4
Pys xe lHh v'vkj eX esjs
ysfdu lar rks bl ltk dks Hh vius fyS m®lo ekurk g,] ttk ekurk g,] iqj¬
dkj ekurk g,4 og rks dgrk g, fd ijek®ek us bruk dke eq>ls ys fy;k2
ealwj dks tc lwyh gqB] mlds tc gkF dkIs xS vk,j tc mlds i,j dkIs xS] b
lds igys fd os xnZu dkIrs] mlus flj vkdk' dh rjG mOk;k vk,j og f[yf
[yk dj galk4 mlus tc flj vkdk' dh rjG mOk;k rks yk[ vkneh bdØs gks
xS Fs mldks Gkalh nsus ds fyS vk,j ns[us ds fyS4 mügkXus Hh flj Mij mOk;
k fd ns[ D;k jgk g, ;g2 tc fdlh ds gkF7i,j dI jgs gkX rks ;g vkdk' dh
rjG D;k ns[ jgk g, vk,j fGj galrk D;kX g,` Sd vkneh us Hh\L eX ls iwNk f
d ealwj ckr D;k g,] rqe ekjs tk jgs gks] gal D;kX jgs gks vk,j rqeus flj D;kX
Mij mOk;k`
ealwj us dgkA blfyS fd pyks esjh ek,r ds cgkus gh lgh] Fks\Lh nsj dks rqe Hh
flj Mij mOk yks4 eTus flj Mij mOk;k blfyS fd rqégkjk pyks blh cgkus
Fks\Lh nsj dh gh lgh] Sd ckj rks rqe vkdk' dh rjG ns[ yks2 bruk Hh gks
x;k rks cl esjk dke iwjk gks x;k2 vk,j galk eT blfyS fd ijek®ek rsjs Hh j
k¬rs vuwOs gT bu yksxkX dks le>kus ds2 yk[ vkneh eq>s dHh ns[us o,ls vkrs Hh
ugC] eT xjhc vkneh gwa] dk,u vkrk g,2 rsjh Hh [wc rjdhcX gT yksxkX dks txk
us dh2 vc ealwj dks ns[us cqyok fn;k yk[ vknfe;kX dks4 pyks esjs i,j dIXxs]
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ks4

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k ns] lekt ns] yksx nX] vius nX] ijkS nX3dgC ls Hh vkS] irk ugC pyrk4 rq
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vius fglkc ls [kstsxk3 vk,j vius gh fglkc ls [kst ldrk g,] vk,j rks dksB f
glkc ugC g,3rks xyr dks gh [kstsxk4
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lds }kj ds lkeus gh Sd eqlyeku Gdhj] igqapk gqvk Gdhj [\Lk jgs] rks Hh
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tkxus dh igpku rks rHh vkSxh tc Fks\Lh7lh tkxj< dh fdj< rqégkjs Hhrj
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ldrs Fs4
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4 ;g izse t,lh ckr g,] le> t,lh ckr ugC g,4
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vk,j lqus gT4 rqeus y{< bl ckr ds lqus gT fd xqQ d,lk gks4 Sd ckj Hkstu d
js] cz‰eqgwrZ eX mOs] iwtk7ikO djs fd ÷;ku djs] fd Ssls di\Ls igus] fd Sslk cks
ys] Sslk u cksys4 rqeus y{< xqQ ds lqus gT4 eT rqégX tks y{< ns jgk gwa os rqégk
js Ôn; ds Hhrj ?IXxs4 flj gydk gksus yxsxk4
xqQ ogh ftlds ikl Kku feI tkS6 tks rqégX Kku ls eqDr dj ns vk,j izse ls H
j ns4 vk,j tc izse ls Hjrs gks rks vlyh Kku vkrk g,4 izse fcuk rks Kku g,] d
pjk g,] /wy7/okal g,] nks dk,\Lh dk g,4
fdrkcX i\PC] eu dk eaFu fd;k
[wc lkspk7le>k vk,j tkapk
ysfdu Kku dk jk¬rk eq>s jkl ugC vkrk g,4
fc¥dqy 'q0 Vgnh eX iqdkjrk gwa
rc Hh vkjk÷; ikl ugC vkrk g,
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rqégkjs pj<kX ij p\Pkrk gwa
viuk ;g Kku okfil yks
vk,j nsork] eq>s eqfDr nks2

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viuk ;g Kku okfil yks] vk,j nsork] eq>s eqfDr nks2

izse ls rqe vkS gks] izse ls rqe tkvksxs4 Kku us rqégX vIdk;k g,4 u rks Kku ds
dkj< rqe lalkj eX vkS gks vk,j u Kku ds dkj< rqe lalkj ls tk ldksxs4 f
tl dkj< vkS gh ugC ml dkj< tkvksxs d,ls`
izse ykrk4
izse ys tkrk4
Kku vIdkrk4
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us nsrk vk,j u ijek®ek eX mrjus nsrk4 Kku flGZ vIdkrk g,4 Kku dk dke v
Idko g,4 blfyS ftuds flj eX cgqr Kku dk dpjk Hj tkrk g,] os lalkj eX
Hh dgka th ikrs gT6 u i®uh dks izse dj ikrs] u cπpkX dks izse dj ikrs4 og K
ku dk dpjk izse ugC djus nsrk4 u Vtnxh ds jkx7jax eX lféefyr gks tkrs gT6
Q[s7lw[s jg tkrs gT4 Kku ogka Hh vIdk ysrk g,4 fGj ;gh ø;fDr dHh eafnj
Hh tkrs gT rks ogka izkFZuk dk jl ugC mrj ikrk4 ogh Kku ogka Hh vIdk ys
rk g,4 dHh budks la;ksx ls xqQ Hh fey tkS rks ogka Hh ogh Kku vIdk ysrk
g,4
tgka rqe tkvksxs] Kku nhoky g,4
izse us tWj mrkjk g, lalkj eX6 izse gh ys tkSxk4 Kku us u mrkjk g,] u Kku
ys tk ldrk g,4 Kku ls †;knk ø;FZ vk,j dqN Hh ugC g,4 Kku ls †;knk vk,j v
Kku dh dksB Hh n'k ugC g,4
rks xqQ og g, ftlds ikl tkdj Kku dk cks> de gksus yxs4 8jath lk¬rj ≈;ku
dh9 ~ ~ ~og tks dpjk7dw\Lk g, 'k¬_7Kku dk] nfj;k dgrs gT] mls >k\L ns] v
yx dj ns] ugyk ns rqégX6 ftlds izse eX ugkdj rqe tkudkjh dh /wy ls eqDr
gks tkvks4 vk,j fojks/kHkl ;gh g, fd ftl fnu tkudkjh >\L tkrh g,] ml fnu
tkuuk ?Irk g,4 'k¬_ rks [ks tkrs gT] 'çn rks [ks tkrs gT] 'wü; fojkteku gks
tkrk g,4 ysfdu ogh 'wü; rqégkjk igyh nGk n'Zu dk }kj curk g,4 mlh 'wü;
ls rqe igyh nGs ns[rs gks4 8fxjg gekjk lqU eX] vugn eX foljke94 ogC ig
yh nGk ?j clrk g,3'wü; eX4 vk,j ml vugn eX foJke feyrk g,4
rks xqQ dks d,ls igpkuksxs fd mlus pqu fy;k` flj [kyh gksus yxs4 xqQ Kku u
gC nsrk4 tks Kku nsrk g,] og f'{d4 tks Kku ys ysrk g,] og xqQ4 tks rqégkjh
[ksi\Lh dks Fks\Lh vk,j tkudkjh ls Hj nsrk g,] og f'{d] og fo|ky;4 vk,j t

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gka rqégkjh [ksi\Lh ls lkjk Kku gIk fn;k tkrk g, vk,j rqégkjs fpR dh lysI [
kyh dh tkrh g,] ikXNh tkrh g,6 tks lkjh ¬e1fr;ka Nhu ysrk g,3ogh xqQ4 D;kXfd
tc lkjh ¬e1fr gI tkrh g, rks lqfej< dk tüe gksrk g,4
vHh fdruh ¬e1fr;ka gT2 rqégkjh bruh ¬e1fr;kX ds dkj< ml Sd dh ¬e1fr ugC
vk jgh6 og Sd Hh\L eX [ks x;k g,4 cktkj g,] nqdku g,] cπps gT] i®uh g,] '
k¬_ gT] Vgnw gT] eqlyeku gT] BlkB gT3vk,j Kku c\Prk x;k g,4 ¬oHkorA t,ls7t,
ls ;k_h ;k_k djrk g,] mruh /wy o¬_kX ij terh tkrh g,4 ikap gtkj lky i
gys vkneh ds flj ij bruk cks> ugC Fk ftruk vkt g,4 ikap gtkj lky ckn
vk,j Hh djks\L xquk gks tkSxk4 Kku c\Prk tkrk g,4 vk,j t,ls7t,ls Kku c\Prk
g,] izse de gksrk tkrk g,4 t,ls7t,ls Kku dk cks> c\Prk g, o,ls7o,ls Ôn; ejrk
tkrk g,4 dqN Sslk yxrk g, fd ef¬r‘d 'ks"< dj ysrk g, Ôn; dh lkjh MtkZ
dk4 ef¬r‘d t,ls Sd dTlj dh xkaO gks tkrk g,] lkjh thou3 MtkZ dks ihus
yxrk g,4 ef¬r‘d Sd rkuk'kg g,6 og lcdk vi'ks"< dj ysrk g,4
xqQ ds ikl vkvksxs rks xqQ ltZjh g,4 rqégX mlus pqu fy;k] bldk eryc gksxk f
d mlus dIkB 'qW dj nh4 xqQ ds ikl vkvksxs rks og rqégkjs ef¬r‘d dks rks\Ls
xk] [aL7[aL djsxk] fc[jk nsxk4 tgka rqégkjk flj [aL7[aL gksdj fxjk fn;k tk
S] ogka tkuuk fd pqu fyS xS4 vk,j ml flj ds IwI tkus eX gh rqégkjs Hhrj
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le>us dh ckr ugC g,4 Hko dh ckr g,4 Hko7n'k g,4 vk,j dHh Hwy ugC gksrh
4 iafLr pwd tkrs gkX] vü;Fk Hwy ugC gksrh4 blfyS vdlj Sslk gksrk g, fd
tc ln.xqQ i1ƒoh ij gksrs gT rks iafLr pwd tkrs gT4 lgt] fu‘diI eu ds yksx]
ljyfpR yksx] Hksys7Hkys yksx ykH ys ysrs gT4
vc rqe lksprs gks fd iyIwnkl ls dk'h ds iafLr tkdj vk,j pj<kX eX flj >qd
kSaxs` dfOu g, 4 ~ ~ ~ fd eqlyeku nfj;k ds pj<kX eX flj >qdkSaxs` dfOu g,
4 ~ ~ ~ fd tqykgk dchj ds pj<kX eX flj >qdkSaxs] dfOu g,4 dk'h ds lkjs iaf
Lr dchj ls ukjkt Fs4 ukjkt gksus dk dkj< Fk4 ;g vkneh tqykgk vk,j gtk
jkX yksx] lh/s7lk/s] Hksys7Hkys yksx blds pj<kX eX flj j[rs gT] bls ijek®ek
ekurs gT4 iafLrkX dks ;g ckr v[j tkusokyh ckr Fh A ijek®ek vk,j tqykgs eX
mrjsxk` ijek®ek rks fdlh 'q0 czk‰< eX mrjrk g,4 pkjkX osn dk ikO djus
okys czk‰< eX mrjrk rks le> eX vkusokyh ckr Fh4
ysfdu ijek®ek ds vuwOs Pax gT4 og osn7Hsn dh fG∂ ugC djrk4 rqe fdruk os
n tkurs gks] bldh Vprk ugC djrk4 rqégkjs Hhrj fdruk viwoZ izse g,] ogka m
rj vkrk g,4 ijek®ek izse dk Hw[k g,] Kku dk ugC4 ~ ~ ~rks dchj ds Ôn; eX
mrj vk;k g,4 iafLr ijs'ku gT6 d‘Iiw<Z g, mudh f¬Ffr4 tqykgs ds thou eX Ss
lh †;ksfr tyh] os ns[uk Hh ugC pkgrs] ekuuk Hh ugC pkgrs6 ns[ Hh yX rks
vka[ cpkuk pkgrs gT4

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pwds4 lh/s7lk/s Hksys7Hkys yksx] ftuds ikl ;g fglkc7fdrkc ugC Fk fd osn
tkus fd u tkus] fd Vgnw gks fd eqlyeku gks] os lh/s7lk/s yksx V[ps pys vkS6
t,ls paqcd ds ikl yksgs ds d< V[ps pys vkrs gT4 mügkXus ykH ys fy;k4 os bl
ve1r dks ih xS4
;g lnk ls gqvk g,4 vk,j Sslk yxrk g, fd nqHkZ≈; ~ ~ ~ ;g lnk Sslk gh gksxk
nqHkZ≈; ls4 tkudkj viuh tkudkjh ds dkj< bap Hj ljd ugC ikrk4 mldk ü
;¬r ¬okFZ g,4 mldh tkudkjh ck/k Lkyrh g,4 vKkuh mrj tkrk g, vKkr eX6
dksB tkudkjh rks g, ugC6 dqN H; Hh ugC] dqN [ksrk Hh ugC4
ftuds eu eX c\Lh /kj<kSa gT6 iwoZ7/kj<kSa gT] os dgC Hh ugC tk ikrs] D;kXfd
iwoZ7/kj<kSa lHh txg voQ0 dj nsrh gT4 rqeus vxj igys ls gh dqN r; dj
j[k g, fd ln.xqQ Sslk gksuk pkfgS] rks rqe pwdksxs ln.xqQ ls4 vHh rqégX ln.xqQ
feyk ugC] rqégX irk d,ls fd d,lk gksuk pkfgS` rqe vHh [qyh vka[ j[ks] v
Hh i{ikr7eqDr jgks6 vHh rks dgk fd ns[Xxs] gksxk rks tks\L yXxs laca/6 cusxk
laca/ rks mrj tkSaxs4 [ksus dks g, Hh D;k] ?c\LkgI D;k g,` †;knk ls †;knk b
ruk gh gks ldrk g, u fd dksB vkneh ds rqe izse eX i\L tkvksxs vk,j og ln.xq
Q u gksxk4 bruh gh †;knk ls †;knk Hwy gks ldrh g,4 ij eT rqels dgrk gwa fd
vxj rqe vln.xqQ ds Hh ifjiw<Z izse eX i\L tkvks rks rqégX ln.xqQ fey x;k4 D
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Os jgks vk,j izse eX u i\Lks] rks dgC u igqapksxs D;kXfd vlyh ckr gh pwdh tk j
gh g,4
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g jg tkrk g,4
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< Nwus eX D;k dqN Hh GdZ ugC g,`
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fGj rqe fdlds lkeus >qdrs gks] blls dqN Hsn ugC i\Lrk4 rqe iz/kuea_h ds
lkeus >qdksxs] D;kXfd mlls dqN feyus dh vk'k g,4 rqe fdlh lar ds lkeus >q
dksxs] D;kXfd mlls Hh dqN feyus dh vk'k g,4 exj feyus dh vk'k ls >qd j
gs gks4 rqe vius yksH ds gh lkeus >qd jgs gks4
'fDr'kyh ds lkeus >qd tkrs gks] D;kXfd mlds ikl txr. dh lRk g,4 vk,j la
r ds lkeus >qd tkrs gks] D;kXfd yxrk g, blds ikl ijek®ek dh lRk g,] ij
ek®ek dh 'fDr g,4 ysfdu rqe >qd fdlfyS jgs gks` rqégkjk dksB gsrq g,` rqe
dqN ekaxus ds fyS >qd jgs gks` vxj rqe dqN ekaxus ds fyS >qd jgs gks rks

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rqégkjs >qdko eX yksH g,4 fGj rqe dgka >qdrs gks ~ ~ ~ ijek®ek ds lkeus Hh
>qdks rks dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4
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igys gh ej xB4 ijek®ek ls ekaxuk gh er4 og ijek®ek dk vieku g,4 rqégk
jh izkFZuk Hh [jkc gks xB vk,j rqeus ijek®ek dk Hh vieku fd;k4 vk,j my
Ik iki yxk4 blls rks u izkFZuk djrs rks csgrj Fk4
ijek®ek dh izkFZuk dk rks vFZ ;gh gksrk g, fd vdkj< >qds4 vg,rqdh2 vc rqé
gkjk dksB gsrq ugC g,4 >qdus eX etk vk;k] blfyS >qds4 ¬okürA lq[k; rqylh
j?qukFxkFk4 etk vk;k4 ¬okürA lq[k;4 dqN vk,j ugC ekaxuk g,4 ;g >qdus eX
gh vkuan vk;k4 vdkj<4 dksB y”; ugC4 dksB mYsæ; ugC4 mYsæ; vk;k fd xan
xh vkB4 mYsæ; vk;k fd lalkj vk;k4 gsrq vFkZr. lalkj4
eTus lquk g, fd eq¥yk ulQYhu dfork7ikO dj jgs Fs4 /hjs7/hjs Jksrk f[ld x
S Sd7Sd djds4 exj eq¥yk viuh dfork lqukus eX brus e¬r Fs fd mügX bl
ckr dk vglkl gh u gqvk4 dfork lekîr dj pqds rks mügX gks' vk;k4 Jksrk
ds uke ij Sd gh ø;fDr ek,twn Fk4 eq¥yk xn.xn. gks xS vk,j mldh yxs iz'a
lk djus4 og ø;fDr vuk;kl viuh iz'alk lqudj [h> mOk vk,j cksyk A vth]
cl dfjS] tukc] eT vkidh dfork lquus ugC Qdk jgk6 vki cl eX ls esjk
lwIdsl mrkj ykS Fs vk,j eT vkidk4 vki esjk okfil dj nhftS vk,j ;g jgk
vkidk4 eT ;gh jkg ns[ jgk gwa fd dc vki dfork [®e djks4 vk,j Hh eq>s
dke gT4
vc ;g tks vkneh lwIdsl cnyus ds dkj< c,O dj dfork lqu jgk g,] ;g df
ork lqu jgk gksxk` ;g xkfy;ka ns jgk gksxk fd can djks] dgka dh cdokl yx
k j[h g,2 vk,j Hh dke gT4 gsrq g, bldk] rks dkø; ls pwdsxk4
rqeus vxj gsrq ls xqykc ds Gwy dh rjG ns[k rks rqe xqykc ds Gwy ls pwd x
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y xqykc dk ns[k vk,j rqeus ns[k Ohd g, pkj vkus fey tkSaxs fd vkO vkus f
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kus ls †;kn ew¥;oku gT6 xqykc dk Gwy ihNs i\L x;k4 bl xqykc ds Gwy eX tks
viwoZ ?Ik Fk] tks ijek®ek mrjk Fk] tks ijek®ek us {<Hj dks >yd ekjh F
h] og rqe pwd xS3vkO vkus eX pwd xS4
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bruk Hh ugC dh ijek®ek ds pj<kX eX p\Pkuk g,6 rc Hh pwd tkvksxs4 rc Hh
rqe bl xqykc ds Gwy dks ns[us ls pwds4 rc Hh rqe bl ijek®ek dks ns[us ls
pwds4
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{< izkFZuk ds] os gh {< ÷;ku ds] os gh {< ijek®ek ds] lqfej< ds] lwjfr

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3vk,j gj pht ds ihNs fglkc2 ue¬dkj Hh yksx djrs gT rks fglkc ls djrs gT
2 flj Hh mruk gh >qdkrs gT ftruk eryc gksrk g,4 ml vkneh ds lkeus >qd
krs gT ftlls eryc gksrk g,4 tc eryc fudy x;k] fGj dksB flj ugC >qdkr
k6 fGj vkneh ls dUh dkI tkrs gT6 fGj vka[ cpkdj fudy tkrs gT fd vc
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rqeus Hh ns[k gksxk] vius gh Hhrj ns[k gksxk3ue¬dkj Hh eryc ls2 rqeus ns
[k] NksIs7eksIs xkao eX vxj tkvks rks vHh Hh] nsgkr eX] yksx 8t;jke th9 dj
ysrs gT3fcuk dkj<2 rqégX tkurs Hh ugC] rqels dksB igpku Hh ugC4 rqels dq
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yksx mlls t;jke th dj ysrs gT4 'gj eX ;g ugC gksrk4 'gj eX yksx †;knk
le>nkj gks xS gT fd ftlls eryc ugC mlls t;jke th D;k djuk2 viuk
dqN ysuk7nsuk ugC g,4 ;g vkneh vius jk¬rs tk jgk g,] ge vius jk¬rs tk jgs
gT] t;jke th D;kX djuk` flj Hh D;kX fgykuk` gkF Hh D;kX mOkuk` 'gj
eX yksx †;knk le>nkj gks xS gT4 xkao eX yksx vHh Hh ukle> gT4 ukle> ;k
uh vHh Hh Hksys7Hkys4
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j ysrs gT rks os ;g dg jgs gT fd de ls de t;jke th rks fcuk dkj< djks2
vk,j lc dj ysuk dkj< ls ~ ~ ~ fd ftldh tsc xje gks mldks ue¬dkj djX
xs] rks fGj rqeus t;jke th ugC dh4
8t;jke th9 'çn dks lqurs gks2 nqfu;k eX cgqr rjg ds ue¬dkj ds Pax gT6 ysf
du t,lk Pax Hkjr ds ikl g, o,lk fdlh ds ikl ugC4 dksB dgrk g, 8xqL ekk»
»ux9 -lqcg vπNh g,= 6 exj ;g Hh dksB cgqr c\Lh ckr ugC gqB4 ;g dksB c
gqr c\Lh ckr ugC gqB4 ysfdu ;g vuwOk g, Hkjr dk fglkc A jke dh t;2 ;g
jke dks ;kn djus dk Sd mik; gks x;k4 Sd vtuch vkneh xqtjrk g,6 rqe
mlls dgrs gks 8t;jke th96 rqe mlls dgrs gks] 8HkB] jke dh t;2 rqégkjs
dkj< eq>s jke dh ;kn vk xB] rqégkjk Hh /ü;okn4 rqe D;k fudy vkS] jke
dh ;kn dk Sd ek,dk fey x;k29 Sd vdkj< ckr dks jke dh ¬e1fr dk vk
/kj cuk fy;k4
tc rqe 8t;jke th9 dgrs gks fdlh dks rqe ;g dgrs gks fd rqégkjs Hhrj c,Os
gqS jke dks ue¬dkj djrk gwa4 rqe vtuch gks] ysfdu rqégkjk 8jke9 Fks\Ls gh
vtuch g,6 mlls rks eT mruk gh tq\Lk gwa ftrus rqe tq\Ls4 ;g rqégkjk psgjk7eksg
jk u igpkuk gqvk gks6 rqégkjk uke7irk7fOdkuk eq>s ekywe ugC g,6 rqe dk,u g
ks] D;k ugC gks] dqN ysuk7nsuk Hh ugC g,3ysfdu Sd ckr iDdh g, fd rqe dksB
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blls dqN eryc ugC g,4 ;s lc xk,< ckrX gT4 ;s lc rks ukId ds fg¬ls gT4 e
xj Sd ckr iDdh g, fd rqe jke gks4 vHh pkgs rqe pksj cu xS gks pkgs lk/q
cu xS gks vk,j pkgs rqeus c\Lk nku fd;k gks vk,j pkgs c\Ls uqdlku fdS gkX
yksxkX ds] vHh rqeus dksB Hh ikIZ vnk fd;k gks] geX rqégkjs ikIZ ls dqN ysuk7ns
uk ugC g,4 ijns ds ihNs rqe jke gks4 ge mldh ;kn djrs gT vk,j rqégX Hh ml
dh ;kn fnykrs gT4
vk,j ;g ;kn dkGh g,4 ¬okürA lq[k;4
'gj dk vkneh xkao tkrk g, rks Fks\Lh7lh ijs'kuh vuqHo djrk g, fd Ssjs7x,js7
u®Fq[,jkX dks t;jke th djuh i\Lrh g,2 D;k eryc` fdlfyS` mldk lc dk
e fglkc dk gks x;k g,4
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fyS Nwrs gT2 iz/kuea_h ds pj< rks Nwrs gT fd pyks y\Lds dh uk,djh yxk nsuk
6 fd \tjk c\Pk,rjh djok nsuk6 fd vc fjIk;jeXI dh mez vk jgh g,] ikap Sd
lky vk,j ljdk nsuk vkxs4 dqN eryc g,4 bl lalkj dh dksB laink4 ysfdu la
r ds pj< rks ge ijyksd dh laink ds fyS Nwrs gT] rks GdZ gksuk pkfgS3Sslk
rqégkjk rdZ dgrk g,4 ysfdu \tjk Hh GdZ ugC g,4 laink rks laink3bl lalkj
dh fd ml lalkj dh4 laink ls yxko] rks yxko4 pkg ;gka dh ;k ogka dh] dks
B GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 pkg rks pkg] pkg rks Gkalh dk Gank4
lar ds pj< vgksHko ls Nwuk] gsrq ls ugC4 lar ds pj< mlh Hko ls Nwuk fd
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de ls de eq>ls †;knk izdI gqvk g,2 esjk gh Hfo‘;] eT tks dy gks ldrk gwa
] eq>s vkt bl lar eX fn[kB i\L x;k2
cl bruk dkGh g,4 /ü;okn ds fyS pj< Nwuk6 ÎrKrk ds Hko ls pj< Nwuk4
Hfo‘; dh dksB vkdka{k u gks] ;g orZeku dk {< gh ije laqnj g,4 vk'hokZn
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ij gkF j[dj] vk'hokZn ns nX] rks fdl ckr ds fyS vk'hokZn ekaxrs gks` la
r dh ek,twnxh dkGh vk'hokZn ugC g,` vk,j D;k vk'hokZn ekaxrs gks` fGj vk
'hokZn eX okluk vk xB ihNs ls ljd dj] fd mez yach gks tkS fd chekjh Nw
I tkS] fd y\Ldh dh 'knh gks tkS] fd edku cu tkS] fd ¬oxZ eX txg fe
y tkS] fd ujd u tkuk i\Ls3vk'hokZn ns nks4 vkxs dk fglkc djus yxs4 ;g
orZeku ds {< ls pwd xS4 ;g tks ije {< Fk] bl {< eX tks Lqcdh yx l
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vkS4 Hfo‘; dks ykS fd orZeku ls pwds4
lar dh ek,twnxh vk'hokZn g,4 ekaxuk ugC i\Lrk4 tks ekaxrk g, og pwd tkrk g,
4 tks ugC ekaxrk mls feyrk g,4 feyrk gh g,4 lar ds ikl c,Os fd fey gh x;
k4 Gwy ds ikl ls xqtjksxs rks uklkiqIkX eX xa/ Hj gh tkSxh4 vk,j jks'uh ds ik
l ls xqtjksxs rks vka[kX eX fdj<X pedXxh4 ;g lar dk rwjk ct jgk g,4 vOigjk
ckts4 blds Hhrj laxhr xwat jgk g,4 rqe fdl vk'hokZn dks ekax jgs gks` nks
{< c,O tkvks4 l®lax djks4 nks {< bl vkneh ds lkF gks yks6 bldh jk, eX cg
yks6 bldh ygj ds lkF ygj cu tkvks4 nks {< dks tkus nks rqégkjk lalkj gs
rqvkX ls Hjk gqvk vk,j ø;olk; ls Hjk gqvk] vk,j ;g pkgwa vk,j og pkgwa] vk,j
;g gks vk,j og u gks4 Nks\Lks os lc VprkSa] tatky2 nks {< dks bl vkneh ds
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ek,u izkFZukSa t¥nh igqaprh gT Bæoj rd
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gksrh gh gT] opu ls Hh eqDr gksrh gT] ok<h ls Hh eqDr gksrh gT4
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6 viuh rjG ls rks ugC cpk g,4 ;gh rks lar dk vFZ g,4 lar dk vFZ gksrk g,
A tks ¬o;a rks feI x;k vk,j vc l®; gh cpk4 lr. gh cpk3ogh lar4

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;g 8lar9 'çn c\Lk î;kjk g,6 lr. ls fu√er gqvk g,4 tks vius rks var ij vk x
;k] ftlus vius dks rks lekîr dj Lkyk] ftldk eT7Hko rks x;k vk,j vc dso
y lr.7Hko] lRk ek_ cph4
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u ns[ ikvks] D;kXfd og Hk"k rqeus lh[h ugC4 bls Hh vHh igys rqe Sd vk
neh eX ns[ks] D;kXfd vkneh dh Hk"k rqégkjs djhc g,4 fdlh vkneh eX igys la
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ykX us \tjk t¥nh ikxy dguk 'qW dj fn;k g,4 ?jokykX dh le> Hh fdruh g,
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e gksrh g,4 rqyuk ls gh rks ekywe gksrk g, u2
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dh ;kstuk dj jgs gks2 /Ddk nwaxk tWj] ysfdu Fks\Lk vk,j ikxyiu c\Pus nks4
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fGj rqe esjs ikl Hh u vkvksxs4 rks eq>s Hh lksp7le> dj /Ddk ekjuk i\Lr
k g, fd ;g vkneh Hkx gh rks ugC tkSxk4
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rk g, tWj] exj cgqr eank7eank4 mlls dqN GdZ ugC gks jgk g,4 og Hh Sd r
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yxrh gT] og Hh Ohd g,4 ysfdu esjh ckrX djksxs dc` vxj vπNh yxrh gT rks
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rks og ikxy gksus ls Ljrk g, A 8vk,j lc Ohd g,6 exj de7ls7de ikxy rks u
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kSa] Nks\L nX4 cπps dk D;k gks] esjk D;k gks] ?j7}kj dk D;k gks2
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nwaxk vxj ;gka ls xB4 og ¬Fwy izdkj dh gksrh g,6 ¬Fwy cqf0 gksrh g, ifr;kX d
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j tkvksxs dgka` vc tkuk gks Hh ugC ldrk4 ml txg ds rks ikj xS gks euks
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els iwNrh gh ugC] blfyS vkrh g,4 vxj ek,r Hh iwNdj vkrh gksrh rks dksB
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rqe \tjk lkspks esjh ckr ij4 vxj ek,r Hh iwNdj vkrh gksrh] Sd fpØh fy[
nsrh vkus ds igys fd vc esjk vkus dk [;ky g,] vkidk D;k fopkj g,` rqe
dgrs] \tjk Ogj ekB2 vHh rks lc my>u i\Lh g,] lqy>k ysus ns4 Sd lky nks
lky dh ckr g,] phG fefu¬Ij rks gks tkus ns4 fGj vk tkuk4 Sslh D;k t¥nh
i\Lh g,` vHh vk,j bRs yksx gT] mudks mOkdj ys tk4 tks phG fefu¬Ij g,] ml
dks mOkdj ys tk] rks fGj esjk Hh uacj vk tkS4
ysfdu ek,r iwNdj ugC vkrh4 blfyS vkrh g,6 ugC rks vk gh ugC ldrh Fh4
lekf/ ds lkF >a>I g,6 rqe cqykvksxs rks vkSxh4 ek,r fcuk cqykS vkrh g,4 l
ekf/ cqykS7cqykS Hh eqfædy ls vkrh g,4 rqe iqdkjksxs rks vkSxh4 fcuk cqykS
esgeku nks dk,\Lh ds gksrs gT4 vlyh esgekukX dks cqykuk gks rks c\Lk vk;kstu d
juk gksrk g,6 fuea_< Hstus i\Lrs gT6 le>kuk7cq>kuk gksrk g,6 vkus ds fyS jkt
h djuk gksrk g,4 ftruk c\Lk esgeku cqykvksxs mruh gh izrh{k vk,j izkFZuk4 l
ekf/ dks cqykrs gks` ;g eT tks rqels dg jgk gwa lc lekf/ dks cqykus dk vk;ks
tu g,4 ;g lc rqégX eT fl[k jgk gwa fd d,ls ikrh fy[ks lekf/ dks] d,ls i_ f
y[ks] d,ls izse7i_ fy[ks ijek®ek dks fd og vk tkS4 rqe dgrs gks A tWj f
y[Xxs] exj vkt ugC] dy fy[Xxs6 vHh Fks\Ls fnu lalkj dks vk,j ~ ~ ~4
vk,j esjh ckr rqe xyr Hh ugC dg ldrs] D;kXfd rqégkjk vuqHo Hh dgrk g,
fd esjh ckr lgh g,4 rqégkjh v\Lpu ;g g, A rqégkjk vuqHo Hh dgrk g, fd
;g ckr rks esjh lgh g,] tks eT dg jgk gwa Ohd gh dg jgk gwa fd ;gka dqN g,
ugC4 rqégkjk vuqHo Hh dgrk g,4 ysfdu rqégkjh vk'k vk,j rqégkjs vuqHo eX es
y ugC g,] dHh ugC gksrk4 vk'k ges'k vuqHo ds foijhr tkrh g,4 vuqHo dq
N dgrk g,] vk'k dqN dgrh g,4 vk'k vuqHo ls myIh ckrX cksyrh g,4 og d
grh g, dy rd nqA[ feyk ;g lp g,6 ysfdu dy Hh feysxk bldk D;k iDdk
g,` dy lq[ fey ldrk g,] Fks\Lh rks vk,j dksf'' dj yks4 ftl fnu rqégX esj
h ckr Ohd7Ohd le> eX vk tkS3Ohd7Ohd le>us ls esjk eryc g, ftl fnu
nkao yxkus dks jkth gks tkvks3ml fnu rqe le> ikvksxsA
Gqxka dks o¬y eX vkjke D;k gks
tqnkB dk rløoj ca/ jgk g,

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rc rks rqe lq[ eX Hh vkjke u ikvksxs4 vkusokys lq[ dh rks ckr Nks\Lks6 vk x
S lq[ eX Hh rqe vkjke u ikvksxs4
Gqxka dks o¬y eX vkjke D;k gks
tqnkB dk rløoj ca/ jgk g,4
rc rqe tkuksxs A ;g tks feyu gqvk g,] bleX Hh D;k [kd vkjke] D;kXfd fon
kB dk {< djhc vk jgk g,4 vHh rks tks feyk ugC g, mldh vk'k eX th jgs
gks4 vk,j le> tc vkrh g, rks tks fey Hh tkrk g,] mleX Hh vk'k ugC jgrh
6 mldh Hh fonkB dk {< djhc vkS tk jgk g,] t¥nh fonk gksuk i\Lsxk4 jkr
vk xB] lqcg gksxh4 lqcg gks xB] lka> gksxh4 Vtnxh cnyrh pyh tkrh g,4 ;
gka dksB pht fFj ugC g,4 lc cny jgk g,4 bl lkjs cnyrs gqS orqZy ds chp
eX flGZ Sd pht fFj g,3lekf/] p,rü;] lk{h4 ml Sd dks ik yks] rks rqeus
lc ik fy;k4 ml Sd dks xaok;k rks lc xaok;k4
ikapoka izæu A vkius geX cgqr Ljk fn;k g,4 pk,jklh dksfI ;ksfu;kX eX HIdus ds
ckn thou7p∂ dk vkjk dsoy Sd ckj gh euq‘;7Wi eX vkrk g, vk,j bl ckj
eX ewπNkZ Soa vKkuo' Hxon.¬oWi gksus dh laHkouk [ks tkS vk,j [ks tkus dh
iwjh ø;o¬Fk g,] rks D;k iquA pk,jklh dksfI ;ksfu;kX eX HIduk i\Lsxk` pk,jklh dks
fI ;ksfu;kX dk vfHizk; Îik djds le>kbS vk,j geX H; ls eqDr dfjS4
H; ls eqDr eT rqégX ugC dj ldrk] rqe gh dj ldrs gks4 H; ok¬rfod g,4 rq
e pkgksxs fd eT rqels dg nwa fd ugC th] dksB Vprk dh ckr ugC g,] pk,jklh
dksfI ;ksfu;ka ox,jg ugC gksrC3rkfd rqe fuHkZj gks tkvks vk,j yx tkvks viuh
oklukvkX dh nk,\L eX fGj4
ugC] ;g eT rqels ugC dg ldrk4 Sslk gh g,4 l®; ;gh g, fd ;g tks orqZy g,]
;g ?we jgk g,4 rqeus vxj euq‘; gksus dk ykH u mOk;k rks rqe euq‘; gksus
dk gd [ks nsrs gks4 ;g lh/k7lk xf<r g,4 vkf[j euq‘; gksus dk gd rqégX fey
k g,3fdlh dkj< ls4
cq0 ls fdlh us iwNk3Sd ;qod vk;k] laü;¬r gksuk pkgrk Fk3mlus iwNk fd v
kidks ns[dj] jkg ij vkidks pyrs ns[dj] vkidh ;g izlkniw<Z dkafr] vkidk
;g viwoZ vik√Fo lkTn;Z3esjs eu eX Hh c\Lh xgu vkdka{k mOh g,4 exj eTus
dHh blds igys laü;kl dk lkspk Hh ugC Fk4 vk,j eT dHh /eZ b®;kfn eX m®lq
d Hh ugC jgk4 iafLr7iqjksfgrkX ls eT \tjk nwj gh nwj jgk4 esjs firk vk,j esjh
Hh eq>s vxj dHh ys tkuk pkgrs gT rks eT cp tkrk gwa gtkj cgkus djds4 iafL
rkX dh ckrX lqu dj eq>s flGZ fljnnZ gks tkrk g, vk,j Mc vkrh g,4 exj vki
dks ns[dj eT c\Lk vkanksfyr gks x;k gwa vk,j Sd Hko mOrk g, Hhrj fd eT nhf

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{r gks tkMa4 exj ;g esjh le> eX ugC vkrk fd vuk;kl2 ihNs dksB flyfl
yk ugC g,] dksB J1a[yk ugC g,4 vuk;kl2 bruh c\Lh ckr gksus dh esjs eu eX
d,ls dkeuk vk xB2
cq0 us vka[ can dh vk,j mls dgk A 8;qod] rq>s irk ugC] rw fiNys tüe eX gk
Fh Fk4 taxy eX vkx yx xB Fh vk,j rw Hkxk tk jgk Fk4 lkjs i'q7i{h Hkxs
tk jgs Fs4 Fdk7ekank rw Sd o1{ ds uhps Fks\Lh nsj foJke djus dks [\Lk gks x
;k4 rsjs i,j Fd xS Fs vk,j Sd i,j ds uhps dkaIk pqH jgk Fk] rks rwus og i,j
Mij mOk;k4 ftl chp rwus i,j Mij mOk;k mlh chp Sd [jxks' rsjs ml i,
j ds uhps vkdj c,O x;k4 rwus uhps ugC ns[k4 og ?\Lh Sslh Fh fd lkjk taxy
vkx ls yxk Fk4 og ek,dk Sslk Fk fd rq>s Sd ckr fn[kB i\Lh A ge lHh
thou ds fyS Hkxs tk jgs gTA ;g [jxks' Hh cspkjk Hkxk tk jgk g,4 eT Fd
x;k] eT c\Lk gkFh gwa] rks ;g Hh Fd x;k g,4 vk,j ;g fdl fuVæprrk ls esjs
i,j ds uhps c,Ok g, tks eTus mOk;k gqvk g,6 vc eT j[waxk i,j uhps rks ;g ej tk
Sxk4
8og ?\Lh Sslh Fh fd rw vius thou ds fyS bruk m®lqd Fk] rsjh thos‘<k br
uh izcy Fh fd cp tkMa] fd rq>s ;g yxk fd t,ls eT cpuk pkgrk gwa o,ls lH
h cpuk pkgrs gT4 rq>s c\Lk cks/ gqvk4 vk,j rw i,j o,lk gh mOkS [\Lk jgk vk,j
og [jxks' uhps fuVæpr c,Ok jgk4 tc [jxks' gI x;k rc rwus i,j uhps j[
k4 ysfdu i,j vd\L x;k Fk4 rw uhps u j[ ik;k] fxj i\Lk4 [jxks' rks cp d
j fudy x;k ysfdu rw ml taxy eX yxh vkx eX ty dj ej x;k4 ysfdu ej
rs oDr rsjs eu eX c\Lh r1fîr Fh] Sd c\Lh 'kafr Fh] Sd viwoZ m¥ykl Fk] S
d vkuan dk Hko Fk fd eTus [jxks' dks ugC ekjk6 pyks eT ej x;k] Ohd4 m
ldk Gy g, fd rw euq‘; gqvk49
cq0 us dgk A rwus og tks dQ<k fn[kB] ml dQ<k ds dkj< rw euq‘; gqvk4 m
lh dQ<k ds dkj< rsjs Hhrj ;g cht i\L x;k4
cq0 dgrs Fs A ftlds thou eX dQ<k gks mlds thou eX izKk vkrh g,] cks/ vk
rk g,4 vk,j ftlds thou eX izKk gks mlds thou eX dQ<k vkrh g,4 ;s Sd gh f
lDds ds nks igyw gT4 rks tks ø;fDr ÷;ku dks miyç/ gksdj izKk dks miyç/ gks
rk g, mlds thou eX egkdQ<k vk tkrh g,4 vk,j ftlds thou eX egkdQ<k vk
tkrh g,4 vk,j ftlds thou eX dQ<k dh Fks\Lh7lh Hh xa/ gks] og vkt ugC
dy lekf/ eX m®lqd gks gh tkSxk4 ml dQ<k ds dkj< vkt jkg ij pyrs eq
>s ns[dj rsjs eu eX ;g Hko mOk4 ;g vdkj< ugC g,] blds ihNs J1a[yk g,4
eT rqels dgrk gwa fd rqe euq‘; gks] ;g vdkj< ugC g,4 dqN fd;k gksxk4 dqN
gqvk gksxk4 vuar vuar;k_k7iF ij rqeus vtZu fd;k g, euq‘;®o4 ;g v√tr g,4
ysfdu ;g volj volj gh g,4 ;g rqégkjh dksB 'kæor laink ugC g,4 rqe b

vtgw psr xaokj
lds ekfyd ugC gks xS gks4 ;g {<Haxqj g,4 ;g vkt g, vk,j dy pyk tkSxk
4 t,ls v√tr fd;k g, o,ls gh xaok Hh ldrs gks4
vxj Sd gkFh dQ<k ds dkj< euq‘; gks ldrk g,] rks Sd euq‘; dOksjrk ds
dkj< gkFh gks ldrk g,4 ;g rks lh/k xf<r g,4 vxj Sd gkFh dQ<k ds dkj
< euq‘; gksus dh {erk] ik_rk i,nk dj ysrk g,] rks rqe dOksjrk ds dkj<] V
glk ds dkj<] ∂wjrk ds dkj< i'q gksus dh {erk eX mrj gh tkvksxs4 tkvksxs
dgka vk,j` orqZy ?we tkSxk4 pkd ?we x;k4 vkjk uhps tkus yxk4 fGj yach ;
k_k g,] D;kXfd vkjk rHh okfil yk,Isxk tc iwjk pkd ?we tkSxk4
;g tks pk,jklh dksfI;kX dh ckr g,] ;g Sdne vo,Kkfud ugC g,4 vk,j ;g pk,jk
lh djks\L ;ksfu;kX dh tks ckr g,] ;g dsoy dksB ik,jkf<d vkad\Lk Hh ugC g,4 Ss
lk gh g,4 vc rks o,Kkfud /hjs7/hjs /hjs7/hjs [kst djrs7djrs bl urhts ij i
gqap jgs gT fd VgnqvkX dk vkad\Lk 'k;n lgh fl0 gksxk4 bruh gh dksfI;ka gT4 v
Hh rd bruh iwjh ugC gks ikB gT6 ysfdu jkst [kst gks jgh g,4 igys rks BlkB
galrs Fs fd pk,jklh djks\L2 pk,jklh djks\L ;ksfu;ka fn[kB dgka i\Lrh gT` pyks g
kXxh yk[] nks yk[] ipkl yk[] djks\L eku yks6 exj pk,jklh djks\L ;ksfu;ka fn
[kB dgka i\Lrh gT` ysfdu vc la“;k djks\LkX eX gks xB g,4 D;kXfd cgqr ;ksfu;ka
gT tks vn1æ; gT4 cgqr7ls NksIs dhIk<q gT] lw”e dhIk<q gT tks vn1æ; gT4 vc mud
h Hh x<uk gks jgh g,4 /hjs7/hjs djks\LkX ij la“;k igqap xB g,4 vk,j rc rks o,Kk
fudkX dks yxrk g, fd 'k;n VgnqvkX dk vkad\Lk pk,jklh djks\L lgh fl0 gks tkS
4 de rks ugC gkXxh] †;knk Hyk gkX4 bruh ckr vc lkG gks xB g,4 ftruh uo
hure 'ks/X gqB gT] muls ckr lkG gks xB g, fd izkf<;kX ds gksus ds Pax †;knk r
ks gks ldrs gT] de ugC gks ldrs4 vHh vkad\Lk iwjk ugC gqvk g,] ysfdu gks tkS
xk vkad\Lk iwjk4
;g iwjk orqZy g,4 ;s pk,jklh djks\L vkjs gT vk,j budk iwjk pkd g,4 ;g pkd iw
jk ?werk g,4 Sd ckj rqe euq‘; gksus ds vkjs ij Mij vkS] f'[j cus ~ ~ ~
euq‘; f'[j g,4 vxj ogka ls Nykax yxk yh rks yxk yh4 D;kXfd ogka Fks\Lk cks
/ g,3cgqr Fks\Lk2 euq‘; gksus eX gh bruk Fks\Lk cks/ g, fd ;gka ls Hh pwd tkrs
gks4 rks fGj vk,j gkFh] ?ks\Ls] dqRs gksus eX rks cks/ vk,j [ks tkSxk4 fGj ogka
ls rks pwduk fufæpr gh g,4
rks eT rqégX H; ls eqDr ugC dj ldrk3rqégC H; ls eqDr dj ldrs gks4 er
pwdks] H; [®e gqvk4 H; dk mi;ksx dj yks4 bldks H; D;kX le>s gks` bldks
l®; le>ks4
Sslk gh le>ks fd rqe tk jgs gks Sd jk¬rs ij] eT rqels dgrk gwa ckSa rjG S
d xL.Pk g,4 rqe dgrs gks] ekj Lkyk4 vc ge D;k djX` geX H; ls eqDr dfj
S6 dfgS fd xL.Pk ugC g,4

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eT rks dg nwa fd xL.Pk ugC g,] ysfdu blls xL.Pk lqusxk ugC vk,j xL.Pk feIsxk
ugC4 esjs dgus ls [rjk c\P tkSxk4 eT dg nwa fd xL.Pk ugC g,] tkvks csIk] e
ts ls tkvks] xhr xkrs gqS tkvks] fG¥eh /qu xkuk6 dksB xL.Pk ox,jg ugC g,6 ;
g rks rqégX Ljkus ds fyS dgk Fk3vc rqe tWj fxjksxs4
xL.Pk g,4 nksukX rjG g,4 jk¬rk ladjk g,4 j¬lh dh rjg iryk g,4 t,ls j¬lh ij
pyrs uI dks ns[k g, u3vc fxjk rc fxjk3Sslk gh thou g,4 [rjk ;gka g, g
h4 bldks H; er le>ks4 ;g lπpkB g,4 bl lπpkB dk mi;ksx dj yks4 bl l
πpkB ds Mij mO tkvks4
bl euq‘;7thou ds volj dks [ksvks er4 vtgwa psr xaokj2 vc Hh tkxks2 ;g
volj c\Lk cgqew¥; g,4 rqe t,ls xaok jgs gks] blfyS cspkjs iyIwnkl dks dguk
i\Lrk g, 8xaokj93t,ls rqe xaok jgs gks4 tks xaokS lks xaokj4 rqe fdl pht eX
yxk jgs gks ;g volj dks` dksB ¬_h ds ihNs nk,\L jgk g,] dksB iqQ" ds ihNs nk,\
L jgk g,] dksB /u ds ihNs] dksB in ds ihNs4 ysfdu ;gh rks rqe tüekX7tüekX
eX] dksfI;kX7dksfI;kX eX] vyx7vyx ;ksfu;kX eX djrs jgs gks4 ogka Hh ;gh lc p
yrk g,4
rqeus ns[h canjkX dh Sd tekr2 mueX Sd jk‘I≠ifr gksrk g,3lcls †;knk mi–o
h] >a>Ih] >x\L,y] ekjus7ihIus dks r,;kj] Ljokus eX dq'y4 og vxqvk gksrk g,4
ckdh lc mlls Ljrs gT4 fGj vxj rqe canjkX dks xk,j ls ns[ks] ftügkXus v÷;;u
fd;k g, canjkX dks] rks os dgrs gT canjkX eX iwjh dh iwjh jktuhfr gksrh g,] iwjk
d,fcusI ikvksxs] iwjk eaf_eaLy4 og tks Sd lcls †;knk nq‘I] mlds vklikl nl
7ikap dk Sd fxjksg] tks mlds lykgdkj] vk,j fGj mlds ckn vk,j] vk,j fGj
mlds ckn vk,j4 vk,j rqe mueX cjkcj o<Z Hh ikvksxs4 dqN gT tks dke 'w– ds
gh djrs gT4 dqN gT tks dke flGZ czk‰< dk gh djrs gT] os flGZ lykg7eæojk
nsrs gT6 dksB >x\Lk7>kalk vk tkS] rks ekxZ lq>krs gT4 dqN gT tks {f_; dk dke
djrs gT6 >x\Lk7>kalk gks rks y\Lus dks r,;kj gT3toku] etcwr4 vk,j ¬_h7cπps
gT] mudh lc lqj{k djrs gT4 tc canjkX dk fxjksg pyrk g, rks ¬_h7cπps chp
eX pyrs gT6 vxqvk vkxs pyrk g,4 ¬_h7cπpkX dks ?sj dj {f_; pyrs gT4
Ohd canjkX eX rqe iwjs euq‘; dh jktuhfr ikvksxs4 rqe uB fn¥yh ds lc jax7Pax
canjkX eX ik ldrs gks4 rks ik√y;keXI eX vxj Fks\Lk canjiu gks tkrk g,] rks cgq
r Vprk er fd;k djX] og gksus gh okyk g,4 vxj ekjk/kih gks tkrh g,] [Cp
rku gks tkrh g,] Sd7nwljs dks /Dde7/qDdh gks tkrh g,] rks og gksus gh okyh
g,4 jktuhfrd ls blls †;knk dh vk'k dh Hh ugC tk ldrh4 jktuhfr g, gh
ogh taxyhiu] ogh tkuoj dh o1fR3d,ls nwljs dk ekfyd gks tkMa2
tc rd rqe nwljs ds ekfyd gksuk pkgrs gks rc rd rqe i'q7o1fR ls th jgs g
ks4 ftl fnu rqe vius ekfyd gksuk pkgrs gks] ml fnu rqe lp eX euq‘; gqS4
¬o;a dh ekyfd;r dh [kst /eZ6 nwljs dh ekyfd;r dh [kst jktuhfr g,4

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fGj /u bdØk dj jgs gks] rks /u Hh bdØk djds D;k gksxk` lc i\Lk jg tk
Sxk4 lc OkO i\Lk jg tkSxk tc cka/ pysxk cutkjk4 rks rqe volj [ks jgs
gks4 ijek®ek dh laifR lkeus i\Lh g,] mldh xkaO ugC cka/rs] mldh xOjh ugC
cka/rs] vk,j dw\Lk7ddZI cka/ jgs gks2 ~ ~ ~rks vxj iyIw xaokj dgrs gT rks ukjk
t er gksuk] lπpkB gh dgrs gT4 vk,j rqe [\Ls7[\Ls gh ns[ jgs gks4 vlyh pht
ds laca/ eX rks nwj7nwj [\Ls ns[rs gks] udyh pht eX Sdne nk,\L i\Lrs gks4 ø;FZ
dks rks bdØk djrs gks] lkFZd dh Vprk gh ugC g,4 vk,j Vtnxh chrh tkrh g,4
vk,j gkF ls le; [ks;k tkrk g,] Sd7Sd iy cgk tkrk g,4 t¥nh gh ek,r }k
j ij [\Lh gks tkSxh4
blds igys fd ek,r }kj ij [\Lh gks tkS] tks le>nkj g, og lekf/ dks }kj
ij [\Lk dj ysxk4 ek,r ds igys lekf/] ;g y”; gksxk le>nkj dk4 vk,j ftl
dks lekf/ igys fey xB ek,r ds ] mldh ek,r gksrh gh ugC6 og ve1r dks mi
yç/ gks tkrk g,4 ve1r¬; iq_A3osn dgrs gT3og ve1r dk iq_ gks tkrk g,4
rks eT rqégX H; ls eqDr d,ls dWa` H; ls eqDr gksus dk Sd gh mik; g, fd l
ekf/ dks miyç/ gks tkvks4 cl ÷;ku eX gh H; ejsxk4 D;kXfd lekf/ eX gh e1®
;q ejsxh4 tc rd e1®;q g, rc rd H; jgsxk4 rks e1®;q ds ikj tkvks] ve1r dk
jl ys yks4 ve1r cuks4
ve1r cu ldrs gks4 og rqégkjh laHkouk g,4 mls iqdkjks2 mls vkÏku djks2 mls
txkvks2 psrks2
rqe euq‘; gks] ijek®ek gks ldrs gks4 vk,j vxj ijek®ek ugC gqS rks i'q gksus
ds flok; dksB mik; ugC g,4 euq‘; la∂e< g,4 euq‘; iqy g,4 ;k rks bl ikj t
kvks6 ;k ml ikj tkvks euq‘; gksus eX fId ugC ldrs4
vdcj us Sd uxj clk;k Fk A Grsgiqj lhdjh4 ml uxj dks tks\Lus okyk tks
iqy g,] ml iqy ij og Sd opu fy[uk pkgrk Fk4 c\Lh [kstchu dh mlds ia
fLrkX us fd dksB Sslk opu fey tkS4 cgqr opu [ksts xS] fGj thll dk S
d opu mls ilan vk;k4 eqlyeku cgqr izlU rks ugC Fs] D;kXfd os pkgrs Fs]
eqgéen dk opu gks4 Vgnw iafLr Hh mlds njckj eX Fs] os Hh cgqr izlU ugC
Fs] D;kXfd os pkgrs Fs fd dksB mifu"n vk,j osn ls feys4 exj og opu lp
eX cgqew¥; Fk4 og opu g, fd 8;g thou Sd iqy dh Hkafr g,] blls xqtj tk
uk] bl ij ?j er cukuk94
iqy ij dksB ?j Fks\Ls gh cukrk g,2 euq‘; rks dsoy la∂e< g,] lsrq g,6 Sd rj
G i'q g,] nwljh rjG ijek®ek g,4 euq‘; rks chp dh lh\Ph g,4 blls xqtj tkuk
] bl ij ?j er cukuk4 D;kXfd bl ij vxj Qds rks uhps fxjksxs4 ;k rks uhps
fxjks ;k Mij tkvks4 ;gka Qduk gks ugC ldrk4
bruk gh eryc g, bl ckr dk fd pk,jklh dksfI ;ksfu;kX eX HIduk i\Lsxk4 Oh
d gh fd;k g, larkX us fd rqégX lkG7lkG dg fn;k g,4 xL.Ps gT vk,j fxj dj yk,

vtgw psr xaokj
Iuk vklku ugC gqvk6 cks/ Fk] rc vklku ugC gqvk3xL.Ps eX fxj xS] fGj rks
vcks/ gks tkvksxs4 fGj rks cgqr eqfædy gks tkSxk4 fGj rks izÎfr dh izf∂;k
ls gh ?wers7?wers yach ;k_k ds ckn 'k;n nqckjk vkvks vuar dky eX4 vHh ck
xLksj gkF eX yh tk ldrh g,4 vHh u yh ~ ~ ~4
i'qvkX ds gkF eX viuh ckxLksj ugC g,4 euq‘; ds gkF eX viuh ckxLksj g,4
H; ls eqDr gksus dk Sd gh mik; g, fd rqe bl H; dk mi;ksx dj yks6 bld
k l1tuk®ed mi;ksx dj yks4 lekf/ dks cqyk yks3lek/ku gks tkSxk4 lc le¬
;kSa feI tkSaxh4 HfDr gks] izkFZuk gks fd ÷;ku gks] fdlh Hh ekxZ ls ml fpR7
n'k dks [kst yks A fxjg gekjk lqU eX] vugn eX foljke2
vkt bruk gh4
D;k lkso, rw ckojh] pkyk tkr clar44
pkyk tkr clar] dar uk ?j eX vkS4
/1x thou g, rksj] dar fcu fnol xaokS44
xoZ xqekuh ukfj fGj, tksou dh ekrh4
[le jgk g, WfO] ugC rw iOo, ikrh44
yx, u rsjks fpR] dar dks ukVg euko,44
dkij dj, Vlxkj] Gwy dh lst fcNko,44
iyIw +rq Hfj [sfy ys] fGj iNrko, var4
D;k lkso, rw ckojh] pkyk tkr clar44¶44
†;kT7†;kT lw[, rky g,] ®;kT7®;kT ehu eyhu44

®;kT7®;kT ehu eyhu] tsO eX lw“;ks ikuh4
rhukX iu cu xS chfr] Htu dk eje u tkuh4

vtgw psr xaokj
daoy xS dqfégykS] gal us fd;k i;kuk4
ehu fy;k dksM ekfj] Oka; Psyk fpgjkuk4
Sslh ekuq"7nsg o1Fk eX tkr vukjh4
Hwyk dk,y7djkj vkils dke fcxkjh44
iyIw cjl vk, ekl fnu] igj ?\Lh iy Nhu4
†;kT7†;kT lw[, rky g,] ®;kT7®;kT ehu eyhu44•44
fi; dks [kstu eT pyh] vkiqb xB fgjk;44

vkiqb xB fgjk;] dou vc dg, lanslk4
tsdj fi; eX ÷;ku] HB og fi; ds Hs"k44
vkfx ekfg tks ij,] lksm vxuh go, tko,4
Ha1xh dhI dks HXI] vkiq le y,b cuko,44
lfjrk cfgd, xB] Vl/ eX jgh lekB4
flo lDrh ds feys] ugC fGj lDrh vkB44
iyIw fnoky dgdgk] er dksm >kadu tk;4
fi; dks [kstu eT pyh] vkiqb xB fgjk; 44ª44
lk;rs Gly xqy g, tokuh

D;kX u ft¬es7e; gks] e;o'ka gks

vtgw psr xaokj
vkdcr ds vtkckX dk jksuk
backs eqckjd eukX eX D;kX gks`
HfDr izse7fojks/h ugC g,6 HfDr g, izse dk M÷oZxeu4 HfDr jkx7fojks/h ugC g,6
HfDr g, jkx dk Wikarj<4 HfDr lkTn;Z7fojks/h ugC g,6 HfDr g, ije lkTn;Z
dh [kst4 HfDr fiz; ls rqégX rks\Lrh ugC3ijefiz; ls tks\Lrh g,4 bl ckr dks i
gys ÷;ku eX ys yX4 ;g HfDr dh viwoZ n'k g,4
HDrh dgrh ugC] Nks\Lks izse4 HfDr dgrh g,] izse dks c\Pkvks4 NksIs izse dks tkus
nks] c\Ls izse dks cqykvks4
HfDr fo;ksx ugC fl[krh] ;ksx ugC fl[krh] o,jk≈; ugC] riæp;kZ ugC4 HfDr
fl[krh g, A d,ls fiz; ds jax eX jax tkvks4
lalkj ds fojks/ dk dkj< izse ugC g,4 lalkj ds fojks/ dk dkj< g, fd lalkj
izse ds fyS mi;qDr ik_ ugC g,4 fojkxh dgrk g, A Nks\Lks jkx dks] D;kXfd jkx
cqjk g,4 HDr dgrk g, A tgka rqeus jkx yxk;k g,] og fo";7o¬rq ø;FZ g,4 jkx
dks er Nks\Lks6 fo";7o¬rq dks cny yks4 tgka rqeus {q– dks fojktk g,] fcOk;k
g,] {q– dks Vlgklu ij fojkteku fd;k g,] ogka izHq dks fcOkvks4 ftl Ôn; eX
rqeus /u] en] in] bu lcdks fcOk j[k g,] ogka izHq dk xq< xkvks4 ftruk rq
e lalkj ds fyS Je dj jgs gks mrus gh Je ls ijek®ek fey ldrk g,4
dqN u;k ugC djuk g, lk/uk eX6 tks rqe tkurs gks] mldh gh fn'k cnyuh g,4
;gh i,j igqapk nXxs4 fn'k cnyuh g,4 ;gh vka[X fn[k nXxh4 fn'k cnyuh g,4 ;
gh rqe ijek®ek eX izfo‘I gks tkvksxs] ijek®ek ds vkVyxu dks miyç/ gks tkv
ksxs4 \tjk Hh rqe eX deh ugC g,4 ysfdu rqégkjh fn'k xyr g,4 rqe xyr ugC
gks] rqégkjh fn'k xyr g,4
;g HfDr dk vk/kjHwr fl0kar g, A rqe xyr ugC gks] rqégkjh fn'k ek_ xyr
g,4 rqégX ugC cnyuk g,] flGZ fn'k dks cny ysuk g,4 rqe pys gks ftl rjG]
tks rqe ikus pys gks] og rks Ohd gh g,6 ysfdu ftl rjG rqe pys gks ogka og
ik;k u tk ldsxk4
t,ls dksB vkneh pyk] unh tkuk pkgrk Fk vk,j cktkj dh rjG pyk4 py j
gk g,] ;g Hh Ohd g,6 unh igqapuk pkgrk g,] ;g Hh Ohd g,4 î;klk g, rks unh
igqapuk pkgrk g,4 ysfdu py i\Lk g, cktkj dh rjG4 i,j Hh Ohd g,] pyuk H
h Ohd g,4 î;kl Hh Ohd g,] ikuh dh ryk' Hh Ohd g,4 ysfdu \tjk jkg xyr
pqu yh] fn'k xyr pqu yh3unh dh rjG pys4
rks HfDr rqégkjh lkjh lkalkfjdrk dks ijek®ek eX fu;ksftr dj nsrh g,4 ;g H
fDr dh c\Lh viwoZ dyk g,4 Kkuh rks\Lrk g,4 HDr rks\Lrk gh ugC4 Kkuh dkIrk
g,4 HDr dkIrk gh ugC4 Kkuh ds fyS c\Lk la?"Z g,4 HDr ds fyS flGZ leiZ<
g,4 HDr rks dgrk g,] ;gka Hh tks lkTn;Z rqégX fn[kB i\L jgk g,] lalkj eX Hh]

vtgw psr xaokj
og Hh g, ijek®ek dk4 rqe ftl fnu igpkuksxs ml fnu tkuksxsA ;gka Hh tks
olar vkrk g, og Hh mldh izkFZuk dk {< g,4 tc rqégkjs Hhrj] rqégkjs [wu
eX thou7MtkZ rwGku mOkrh g,] ;g Hh mlh dk rwGku g,4 lc mldk g,4 mlh
dh rjG cgus yxs] Ûksr dh rjG tkus yxs] rks Ohd gks tkSxk4
vkt ds iyIw ds in cgqr lkspus7le>us t,ls gT4 HfDr dh vk/kj7f'ykSa mueX
gT4
D;k lkso, rw ckojh] pkyk tkrk clar4
;g thou rks clar dh csyk g,4 ;g thou rks clar +rq g,4 ns[rs gks] thou d
h dksB Vunk ugC g,4 ;g thou rks clar g,4 ;g rks vgksHk≈; g,4 vk,j rqe lksS7
lksS fcrkS ns jgs gks2 clar vk x;k] Gwy f[y xS] i{h xhr xk jgs gT] eksj
ukp jgs gT4 lkjk txr. m¥ykl ls Hjk g,4 vk,j rqe lksS7lksS fcrk nksxs` rqe
ewfπNZr gh cus jgksxs`
8D;k lkso, rw ckojh9~ ~ ~4 rqe d,ls ikxy gks2 tkxus dh ?\Lh vk xB ] clar }k
j FiFik jgk g,4 tkxus dk {< vk x;k] lc rjG jkx7jax g,4 lc rjG izHq
dh o"kZ g,4 lwjt fudy vk;k] fdj<kX dk tky G,y x;k4 rqe d,ls ikxy gks f
d vHh Hh lksS gks2 fGj dc tkxksxs`
8D;k lkso, rw ckojh] pkyk tkr clar44
î;kjs dks rwus [kstk gh ugC4 î;kjs dks ?j Hh u cqyk;k2 î;kjs dks ikrh Hh u fy
[h] fuea_< Hh ugC Hstk vk,j ;s clar ds tkus ds {< djhc vkus yxs4
;g thou vHh g,] vHh [ks tkSxk2 ;g thou lnk rks ugC jgsxk4 vkrk g,] p
yk tkrk g,3{<Haxqj g,4 ;g rks {<Haxqj thou g,] bls izHq dh iqdkj cuk yks4
vxj ;g izHq dh iqdkj cu tkS vk,j izHq dh rjG ;k_k 'qW gks tkS rks rqe
Ssls olar eX igqap tkvksxs tks vkrk g,] fGj tkrk ugC4 ;g clar rks vkrk g,
tkrk g,4 bl thou dk clar rks curk g, feIrk g,4 ysfdu Sd vk,j Hh clar
g,3izHq eX Lwc tkus dk4 ogka fGj Gwy lnk gh f[yrs gT4 ogka lukru ds Gwy f
[yrs gT4 Sl /éeks luaruks2 ftldks cq0 dgrs gT] 'kæor] lukru] tks dHh u
gC eq>kZrk3mlds Gwy f[yrs gT3ml /eZ ds Gwy f[yrs gT4
;gka rks fufæpr gh le; ds txr.. eX] le; dh ø;o¬Fk eX] tks Hh i,nk gksrk g,
ej tkrk g,4 clar Hh vk;k vk,j x;k4 vk;k Hh ugC fd tkus dh r,;kjh 'qW
gks tkrh g,4 lqcg gqB vk,j lka> gksus yxh4 tüe gqvk vk,j e1®;q gksus yxh4 feys
ugC fd fcNq\Lus dh ?\Lh vkus yxh4 ;g clar rks Fks\Lh nsj dks g,4 ;g }kj \tj

vtgw psr xaokj
k7lh nsj dks [qyrk g,4 ysfdu bl }kj dk tks lnqi;ksx dj ys rks og ije cla
r dks miyç/ gks tkS4
8D;k lkso, rw ckojh] pkyk tkr clar 44
vHh izseh ds fcuk gh rq>s jguk i\L jgk g,4 ¬okeh ls feyu gh u gqvk4 ekfyd
ls dksB laca/ gh u tq\Lk4 lkfgc dks dc iqdkjksxs` mlh ije î;kjs ds fey tk
us ij r1fîr g,4
;gka Hh rqe tks [kst jgs gks] [kst rks mlh dks jgs gks4 i®uh eX [kstrs gks] ifr
eX [kstrs gks3dHh lkspk g, fdls [kstrs gks` ;g fdldh [kst py jgh g,3ifr
eX] i®uh eX6 csIh eX] fe_kX eX] laca/kX eX] ifjtukX eX] fdldh [kst py jgh g,
` vk,j rqeus ;g Hh ugC lkspk] dHh bldh tkap7ij[ Hh ugC dh fd gj ckj
[kst ø;FZ gks tkrh g,4 gj ckj fo"kn gkF yxrk g,] foGyrk yxrh g,4 i®uh
eX [kstks] ifr eX [kstks3rqe ftls [kst jgs gks og bruk c\Lk g, fd dksB mls
rqégX u ns ikSxh4 vk,j rc rqe varrA ukjkt gksvksxs xjhc i®uh ij4 mldk dks
B dlwj Hh u Fk4 rqégkjh ekax c\Lh Fh4 ?\Ls eX lkxj [kstus pys Fs4 ?\Ls dk D
;k dlwj ` ifr eX ijek®ek dks [kstus pys Fs 4 ugC feyk ifr eX ijek®ek]
rks D;k dlwj ifr dk` fGj ukjktxh ifr ij vkrh g,4
rqeus ns[k] ifr7i®uh Sd7nwljs ij c\Ls ∂q0 gks tkrs gT4 D;kXfd mudks yxrk g,
/ks[k fn;k x;k g,4 mudks yxrk g, A tks izyksHu geX fn;k x;k Fk] tks nsus d
k vkæoklu fn;k x;k Fk] og iwjk ugC fd;k x;k4 mügX f'dk;r gksrh g,4 pkgs
f'dk;r lkG7lkG u gks] ysfdu ifr7i®uh dk eu Sd7nwljs ds izfr frDrrk
ls Hjrk tkrk g,] d\LokgI ls Hj tkrk g,4 dkj< ` dkj< le>uk4 dkj< c\L
k /k√ed g,4 dkj< ;gh g, fd i®uh us ftls izse fd;k Fk] lkspk Fk mleX ijek
®ek feysxk4 feyk Sd lk/kj< vkneh3{q– oklukvkX ls Hjk] {q– lhekvkX ls f
?jk4 lkspk Fk vlhe ls nks¬rh gksxh4 lkspk Fk eafnj fey tkSxk4 feyk ?j] ea
fnj ugC feyk4 ?jokyh cu xB] ?jokys fey xS3ysfdu eafnj ugC feyk4 vk,
j vkdka{k eu dh Fh] î;kl rks eu dh Sd gh g,3eafnj ds fyS 4 'kæor dks
pkgk Fk] ;g {<Haxqj feyk4 ;g vHh g, vHh pyk4
rqeus ftl i®uh dks izse fd;k Fk] ftl izs;lh dks izse fd;k Fk] lkspk Fk bleX
lkTn;Z] ije lkTn;Z fey tkSxk] rqe r1îr gks tkvksxs] rqégkjk fny Hj tkSxk4
ysfdu /hjs7/hjs ;g lkTn;Z pyk x;k vk,j fny Hjk ugC4 fny Hjus dh rks ck
r nwj jgh] /hjs7/hjs ;g lkTn;Z vc lkTn;Z Hh fn[kB ugC i\Lrk4 ftldks Gwy l
e> dj djhc vkS] mleX cgqr dkaIs feys3eu frDr gksus yxk] eu d\LokgI
ls Hj x;k] eu fojks/ ls Hj x;k4 rqe lksprs gks A i®uh /ks[k ns x;h6 ;g lqa

vtgw psr xaokj
nj Fh ugC] blus fn[kok fd;k4 i®uh lksprh g, A rqe /ks[k ns xS6 rqe Ssls f
ojkI Fs ugC t,lk rqeus fn[kok fd;k Fk4
fdlh us fn[kok ugC fd;k Fk4 rqégkjh vkdka{k ijek®ek dks [kstus dh g,4
eTus lquk g,] Sd eqlyeku lezkI dHh7dHh Sd lwGh Gdhj dks cqyk;k djrk
Fk4 egy eX cqykrk Fk4 mldk l®lax djrk Fk4 Sd fnu Gdhj us dgk fd ;
g fu;e ds izfrdwy g,4 eT vk tkrk gwa n;k djds 4 ysfdu dqjku dgrh g, fd
Gdhj dHh lezkI ds ?j u tkS4 rqe cqykrs gks rks eT budkj ugC dj ikrk4
ysfdu dqjku dgrh g, fd tc tkS rks lezkI gh Gdhj ds ?j tkS4 rks ;g vk
f[jh ckj esjk vkuk gqvk g,4 vc rqe bl ;ks≈; Hh gks xS gks fd esjh ckr le
> ldksxs4 l®lax us rqégX bl ;ks≈; cuk fn;k4 igys fnu gh eT rqels euk djrk
rks 'k;n rqégkjh vDy eX Hh u vkrk] rqe le>rs vieku gks x;k4 ysfdu v
c rqe le> ldrs gks4 rqégX pkfgS rks rqe vkvks] dqSa ds ikl vkvks4 rqe î;kls
gks4 dqSa dks cqykrs gks rks ;g ckr rks \tjk Ohd ugC4 vc tc vkuk gks rks rq
e vk tkuk4
jkx rks yx x;k Fk lezkI dks bl Gdhj dk4 bl ds izse dh dqN cwanX mls fey
h FC4 blds thou eX dqN mlus >kadk Hh Fk4 dqN yxrk Fk fd tks ugC lk/kj
<rA gksrk] og gqvk g,4 rks og Sd fnu igqapk Gdhj ds >kXi\Ls ij4 Gdhj [sr
eX dke djus x;k Fk4 mldh i®uh us dgk] vki c,O tkSa4 og [sr dh eX\L i
j i®uh vius ifr dh izrh{k dj jgh g,] Hkstu ysdj vkB g,4 og dgrh g,] v
ki ;gC c,O tkSa eX\L ij] eT ifr dks cqyk ykrh gwa] os nwj dke dj jgs gT4
lezkI us dgk fd eT Igywaxk] rw tkdj cqyk yk4 i®uh dks yxk fd 'k;n eX\L i
j dqN fcNk ugC g,] blfyS lezkI c,Ork ugC4 rks og Hkxh xB] vius >kXi\Ls eX
ls Sd njh mOk ykB4 xjhc dh njh2 Fsc\LkX yxh4 txg7txg GIh] tjk7th<Z4
exj mlus c\Ls izse ls fcNk nh eX\L ij vk,j dgk fd vki c,O tkSa4 lezkI us
njh ns[h vk,j Igyrk gh jgk4 mlus dgk] eT Igywaxk gh] rw ifr dks cqyk yk4
mlus lkspk fd 'k;n eX\L ij c,Ouk lezkI ds fyS ;ks≈; ugC] rks mlus dgk] v
ki Sslk djX] >kXi\Ls eX Hhrj pyX] rks gekjh [kI ij c,O tkSa4 rks og Hhrj
ys xB] ysfdu [kI Hh lezkI dks taph ugC4 [kI gh Fh xjhc dh4 vk,j >kXi\Lk
Hh~ ~ ~4
og ckgj fGj vk x;k4 mlus dgk] eT Igywaxk] rw fG∂ er dj4 rw tk dj G
dhj dks cqyk yk4
i®uh xB4 jkg eX mlus Gdhj ls3vius ifr ls3dgk fd lezkI dqN vthc7lk g,
2 eTus cgqr dgk] eX\L ij c,O tkvks] ugC c,Ok4 njh fcNkB4 ugC c,Ok4 Hhrj ys
xB] viuh [kI ij c,Ous dks dgk] ogka ugC c,Ok4 ;g ckr D;k g,] ;g c,Ork
D;kX ugC`

vtgw psr xaokj
Gdhj galus yxk4 mlus dgk] ikxy2 lezkI c,O d,ls ldrk g,` gekjh njh Hh
mlds ;ks≈; ugC] [sr dh eX\L Hh mlds ;ks≈; ugC] gekjh [kI Hh mlds ;ks≈;
ugC4
vk,j fGj Gdhj galus yxk4 mldh i®uh us dgk] vki galrs D;kX gT` mlus dgk
] ;gh rks euq‘; ds lkjs thou dh dFk g, fd gekjk eu dgC c,Ork ugC] D;kXf
d eu g, lezkI4 dHh rqe nqdku ij fcOkyuk pkgrs gks] ugC c,Ork g,4 dHh rq
e fdlh dh nsg eX fcOkuk pkgrs gks] ugC c,Ork g,4 ;g rks c,Osxk gh ugC tc
rd ijek®ek u feys4 ;g lezkI g,4 ;g ijek®ek feys rks gh c,Osxk vk,j ijek®
ek fey tkrk g, rks Sslk c,O tkrk g,] fgyrk gh ugC] Lqyrk gh ugC4 lc dai
u [ks tkrs gT4
dg jgs gT iyIw A 8pkyk tkr clar] dar uk ?j eX vkS49
vHh og ekfyd u rks rqeus cqyk;k] u ?j eX vk;k] vk,j ;s clar ds tkus ds f
nu Hh djhc vk xS4 ;g ikxyiu g,4 ;g ikxyiu Nks\Lks4
8/1x thou g, rksj] dar fcu fnol xaokS49
vk,j thou eX vxj dksB Hh Sd iki gks ldrk g, rks og ;g g, fd ml ije î
;kjs ds fcuk dksB thou fcrkS4
8/1x g, thou rksj9~ ~ ~4 rsjk thou ø;FZ g,] ø;Fk] fdlh ew¥; dk ugC] fujFZ
d4 vHkxk g, rw4 D;kXfd vk,j dksB nqHkZ≈; gh ugC txr. eX3fcuk ijek®ek ds t
hou fcrkuk4 ;g Sslk gh g, t,ls fcuk jks'uh dk nh;k] Sslk gh4 ;g Sslk gh g,
t,ls fd xjeh eX lw[ xB lfjrk6 jsr gh jsr dk ikI g,] ty dh \tjk Hh /kj
ugC g,4 ;g Sslk gh g, t,ls Sd eQ¬Fy] tgka u dHh o1{ mxrs ] u Gwy yx
rs] u i{h xhr xkrs6 tgka clar dHh vkrk gh ugC4
ijek®ek ds fcuk thou jl7foghu g,4 jlks o, lA2 ijek®ek jl7Wi g,4 mls cqy
kvksxs rks jl7fyîr gks tkvksxs4 mlds fcuk lw[s7lw[s gh jgksxs4 mlds fcuk vka[X
xhyh u gkXxh] u Ôn; xhyk gksxk4 mlds fcuk xhr ugC mOsxk4 mlds fcuk le
k/h ugC mlds fcuk lek/ku ugC g,4
vk,j [;ky j[uk] ;g tks ijek®ek dk izse g,] ;g rqégkjs lkalkfjd izse ds foi
jhr ugC g,6 blds Mij tWj g,] blds foijhr ugC g,4 ;g lalkj ds izse eX Hh
rqe blfyS i\L xS gks fd ijek®ek dh rqégX ryk' g,4 IIksy jgs gks4 t,ls Sd
va/k vkneh va/sjs dejs ls ckgj fudyuk pkgrk g, rks IIksyrk g,6 gkF ls II
ksyrk g, ;k yd\Lh ls IIksyrk g,4 dHh nhoky IIksyrk g,] dHh f[\Ldh IIksyrk
g,] dHh dqjlh IIksyrk g,3jk¬rk [kst jgk g,] njoktk [kst jgk g,4 njoktk
[kstuk pkgrk g,] blhfyS IIksyrk g,4
rqégkjk tks lkalkfjd izse g, og ijek®ek ds fyS gh rqégkjk IIksyuk g,4 dHh ¬
_h dks IIksyrs] dHh iqQ" dks IIksyrs] dHh ifr dks] dHh i®uh dks] dHh csIs
dks] dHh fe_ dks] dHh ;gka7ogka3ysfdu rqe IIksy ijek®ek ds fyS jgs gks4

vtgw psr xaokj
dHh rqégkjh IIksyrh gqB yd\Lh nhoky ls yxrh g, rks rqe Fks\Lh nsj ckn gI t
krs gks] D;kXfd ;gka rks nhoky g,4 dHh dqjlh ls Idjkrh g,] D;kXfd ;gka rks dqj
lh g,4 Ssls gh /hjs7/hjs lkjs lalkj eX IIksyus ds ckn njoktk feyrk g,4
;g lalkj ijek®ek dh [kst dk gh vax g,4
tetek lkt dk ik;y ds Nukds dh rjg
csgrj vtlksjls rkdwlks vtka g, lkdh4
HDrkX us dgk g, fd vtku dh vkokt vk,j 'a[ dh vkokt] blls †;knk î;kjh
vkokt g, laxhr dh] izse dh] jl dh4
tetek lkt dk ik;y ds Nukds dh rjg4 og tks ik;y dh >udkj g,] mleX
tks laxhr g,] og dgC †;knk ew¥;oku g, vtku] W[h7lw[h vtku ls4 og tks ik
;y dh Nu7Nu g,] og dgC †;knk jl7flDr g,] †;knk thoar g, eafnj ds 'a[
dh lw[h7lk[h vkokt ds eqdkcys4 D;kX` D;kXfd eafnj ds 'a[ dh vkokt thou
7jfgr g,4 vk,j vtku Hh thou7jfgr g,4
rqe bl thou eX tks [kst jgs gks] rqeus vius csIs dks ftl utj ls ns[k g,] ;k
viuh csIh dks] ;k vius HkB dks] ;k viuh izs;lh dks3rqeus ftl izse dh utj
ls viuh izs;lh dks ns[k g, ogh utj dke vkSxh4 mleX gh vlyh ckr fNih
g,4
Sslk le>ks fd Sd eafnj eX rqe [\Ls gks vk,j vkx yx tkS vk,j rqégkjk csIk
vHh eafnj eX g, rks rqe ew√r cpkvksxs Î‘< dh fd vius csIs dks cpkvksxs` ew√
r7ow√r dks rqe Nks\L tkvksxs] Hkx tkvksxs] csIs dks ysdj ckgj fudy tkvksxs4 i
rk py tkSxk ogka fd vlfy;r dgka Fh4 ew√r eX bruk dksB yxko Fks\Ls gh F
k4 ew√r rks ew√r Fh4 csIk vlyh Fk4 ogka izse g,4 ogka vlyh laxhr g, izse dk4
HDr dgrs gT] blh izse ds laxhr dks Mij mOkuk g,4 blh dks M÷oZxkeh djuk
g,4 blh dks ijek®ek dh rjG yxkuk g,4 'a[kX dh vkokt ls dke ugC gksxk4
Ôn; dh vkokt2 vtku ls dke ugC gksxk3;g tks izse dk rqégkjs Hhrj NksIk7
lk >juk g,] blh dks cgkuk g,4 ;gh cg7cg dj fdlh fnu lkxj rd igqapsxk4
8/1x thou g, rksj] dar fcu fnol xaokS4
xoZ xqekuh ukfj fGj,] tksou dh ekrh49
vk,j fGj Hh rqe d,ls ikxy gks] c\Ls vgadkj eX vd\Ls fGj jgs gks2
8xoZ xqekuh ukfj fGj,] tksou dh ekrh49 vk,j vius ;k,ou ij c\Ls brjk jgs gks2
vius cy ij] viuh 'fDr ij] vius lkTn;Z ij] vius Wi ij] vius jax ij3

vtgw psr xaokj
c\Ls vd\L jgs gks2 vk,j rqégX ;g irk ugC g,A pkyk tkr clar2 ;g rks pyk] ;
g rks tk gh jgk g,4 ;g rks rqégX irk gh ugC pysxk] lksS7lksS fudy tkSxk4
;g dc gkF ls fudy tkSxk] rqégX irk ugC pysxk4 bl ij rqe brus xokZvks
er4 bl {<Haxqj ij brus er vd\Lks4
8xoZ xqekuh ukfj fGj,] tksou dh ekrh49
HDrkX ds fyS rks lHh f¬_;ka gT6 iqQ" rks Sd ijek®ek g,4 blfyS 8ukjh94 xoZ
xqekuh ukfj fGj,] tksou dh ekrh4 rqe viuh vd\L eX gh3;k,ou dh] lkTn;Z d
h vd\L] Wi dh vd\L3bleX gh enekrs fGj jgs gks4 ;gh 'jkc ih g,] ;gh u'
k rqe ij p\Pk g,4
8[le jgk g, WfO] ugC rw iOo, ikrh49
vk,j bl vd\L dh otg ls rqégX Sd ckr fn[kB gh ugC i\L jgh g, fd rqégkjk
vlyh ¬okeh WOk c,Ok g, vk,j mls rqe vHh rd euk Hh ugC ikS4 rqégkjk ;
g xoZ ck/k cu jgk g,4 xoZ ds dkj< rqe ijek®ek dks ugC jkth dj ik jgs g
ks] euk ik jgs gks4 xoZ ds dkj< rqe ijek®ek dks ugC cqyk ik jgs gks4 vk,j cq
ykvks] rks gh og vkS4
8[le jgk g, WfO] ugC rw iOo, ikrh49
Fks\Lk lkspks rks] rqe ijek®ek dks u yqHk ikS rks rqeus tks Hh fd;k csdkj x;k
4 ml î;kjs dks yqHk fy;k] mldh vka[ rqégkjh vka[ eX i\L xB] mldk gkF rqé
gkjs gkF eX vk x;k] rks rqe lGy gqS4 Sd gh lGyrk g,] cl Sdek_ lGy
rk g, thou eX vk,j Sd gh /ü;rk g,3ftl fnu rqe lGy gks tkrs gks ijek®ek
dks vius Hhrj cqykus eX4 mlds igys lc vlGyrk gh vlGyrk g,4 rqe yk
[ vius dks le>k yks fd /u esjs ikl g,] ns[ks lGy gks x;k6 fd in esjs ikl
g,] lGy gks x;k ;s /ks[s gT4 ;s lc /ks[s ek,r rks\L nsxh4 tc clar tkSxk rc
rqe vpkud ikvksxsA lw[ xB nsg] >j xS gjs iRs] Gwy vc ugC f[yrs] i{h
vc Lsjk Hh ugC Lkyrs6 vc u dksB xhr g, u dksB xku g,4 lc x;k4 vc cl
ek,r ls gh igpku g,4 blds igys fd ek,r rqeeX ?j cuk ys] rqe ve1r ls laca
/ tks\L yks4
8xoZ xqekuh ukfj fGj,] tksou dh ekrh4
[le jgk g, WfO] ugC rw iOo, ikrh44

vtgw psr xaokj
vk,j rsjk fpR Hh ugC yx jgk g,] ;g Hh lp g,4 fpR yxs Hh d,ls] yxs Hh
rks d,ls yxs` lezkI c,Osxk rks mlds ;ks≈; vklu pkfgS4 vk,j rqégkjk fpR Hh
ijek®ek ds igys dgC yx ugC ldrk4 ogC c,Ork g, cl4 ;g fpR dk iaNh o
gC c,Ork g,4 vk,j dksB txg ugC c,Ork6 bls vk,j dksB txg lqgkrh ugC4 dHh
rqe dgrs gks bl Psj ij c,O tk3/u dk Psj3exj ;g mls dpjk g,4 dHh rqe
dgrs gks in ij c,O tk] ;g Hh mlds fyS dpjk g,4 rqe mls yk[ rjg ds f
[yk,us nsrs gks] ysfdu og gj f[yk,us ls Mc tkrk g, vk,j Sd fnu gj f[yk,us
dks Nks\L nsrk g,4 og dgrk g,] vlyh ykvks4 vk,j blfyS fpR csp,u g,4
rqe 'k;n lksprs gks fd fpR dh csp,uh dksB chekjh g, rks rqe xyr [;ky eX
gks4 esjs ikl yksx vkrs gT4 os dgrs gT fd dqN Sslk djX fd gekjk fpR 'kar gks
tkS4 eTus dgk] blh v'kar fpR eX rks Fks\Lh vk'k g,6 vxj 'kar gks x;k rks
rqe xS4 bldk v'kar gksuk lk,Hk≈; g,4 ;g v'kar fpR ;gh dg jgk g, fd ;g
ka rqeus tgka7tgka 'kafr [kstuh pkgh ogka 'kafr ugC feysxh4 vk,j rqe pkgrs gks
fpR 'kar gks tkS4 vxj rqégkjk fpR 'kar gks tkS rks rqe lalkj eX gh jg
tkvksxs4 blfyS fpR rks 'kar gksxk gh ugC3tc rd rqe ijek®ek eX izos' u
djks4 rqe yk[ mik; djks] fpR 'kar ugC gksxk4 d,ls gksxk` tc rd ije /u
u feys rc rd rqe d,ls fpR dks le>kvksxs` fpR dks yxrk gh jgrk g, A
eT fH[kjh] fu/Zu] Hw[k] {q/k7ihf\Lr] r\Li jgk2 vk,j fpR dai jgk g,4 ;g fp
R dk daiu rqégkjk lk,Hk≈; g,] bls nqHkZ≈; er le>ks4 ;g dgC ugC yxrk4 D;
kXfd ;g dgrk g, A ogka ys pyks tgka eT yx ldrk gwa4 vk,j ogka rqe ys ugC tk
rs4 rqe vius xoZ eX vd\Ls c,Os gks4 rqe dgrs gks] ge rq>s ;gC 'kar dj yXxs6
vk,j Fks\Lk /u ys ys4
rqeus fpR dks dksB NksIk cπpk le>k g,] ftldks rqe le>k jgs gks fd py vk,
j vkbl∂he ys7ys] ;g f[yk,uk ys7ys] py cktkj ls dqN feOkB fnyok nX2 rqe
;g lc nsrs jgksxs vk,j fpR dh csp,uh u feIsxh6 csp,uh c\Prh tkSxh4 D;kXfd
t,ls7t,ls clar chrus yxsxk o,ls7o,ls fpR dks yxsxk ;g rks fnu Hh x;k] ;g v
olj Hh [ks;k tk jgk g,4 vk,j bu f[yk,ukX ls eT dc rd my>k jgwa2
blfyS t,ls7t,ls mez c\Prh g, o,ls7o,ls fpR dh v'kafr c\Prh g,4 cπps 'kar ek
ywe gksrs gT6 cw\Ps v'kar gks tkrs gT4 cw\Ps dk clar pyk x;k] volj pyk x;k
vk,j dar ls feyuk u gqvk4
8yx, u rsjks fpR9~ ~ ~4 yx ldrk gh ugC4 yxkvks] yk[ yxkvks] yx ldrk
gh ugC4 vk,j ;g lk,Hk≈; g, fd fpR rqégkjk yxrk ugC6 ugC rks rqeus u ekyw
e fdl dw\Ls dh Psjh eX bldks dHh dk yxk fn;k gksrk4 ;g rks fpR dh rqe i
j Îik g, fd ;g dgC ij yxrk ugC4 u ekywe rqeus dgka my>k fn;k gksrk]
dgka ds udyh flDds id\L fyS gksrs vk,j Vtnxh Hj Nkrh ls yxkS c,Os jgrs4

vtgw psr xaokj
exj fpR rqégX gj txg ls gIk nsrk g,4 og dgrk g, A vc pyks vkxs c\Pks6 ;
gka ugC g, dqN] dgC vk,j [kstX4
fpR dh csp,uh dk vFZ g, fd [kstuk dgC vk,j gksxk4 ;g [kst Ohd txg ugC
py jgh g,4 vk,j t,ls gh rqe Ohd txg [kstus yxksxs] rqe vpkud ikvksxs fp
R 'kar gksus yxk4
yksx dgrs gT fd fpR 'kar gks tkS rks rqe ijek®ek eX igqap tkvksxs4 eT rqels
dgrk gwa A rqe ijek®ek dh rjG igqapus yxks rks fpR 'kar gks tkS4 yksxkX us
rqels dgk g, fd fpR dks 'kar dj yks rks rqe ijek®ek eX igqap tkvksxs4 eT rq
els ;g dguk pkgrk gwa fd rqe ijek®ek dh rjG pyus Hj yxks vk,j fpR '
kar gksus yxsxk4 fpR 'kar gks gh ugC ldrk ijek®ek dh rjG pys fcuk4 ml
dh rjG pyus ls gh 'hryrk c\Prh g,4 mldh rjG pyus ls gh csp,uh vius
vki de gksus yxrh g,4 mldh rjG pyus ls gh Hhrj Hjkslk vkus yxrk g, f
d vc Ohd fn'k feyh] vc ?j dh rjG pys4
8yx, u rsjks fpR] dar dks ukVg euko,49 b/j fpR Hh rsjk ugC yx jgk g,4 f
dldk yx jgk g,` rqeus fdlh dk lalkj eX fpR dks yxrs ns[k` ftuds ikl
cgqr /u g,] ftuds ikl cgqr in g,3rqe lksprs gks mudk fpR yx jgk g,` os
brus gh m[\Ls gT ftrus rqe m[\Ls gks] 'k;n rqels †;knk m[\Ls gT4 D;kXfd müg
kXus viuk lkjk clar rks /u dks bdØk djus eX yxk fn;k vk,j fpR 'kar ugC
gqvk g,4 vc mudh csp,uh rqe le> u ldksxs4 os fof{îr gqS tk jgs gT4 mudks
dqN le> eX ugC vk jgk g, fd vc D;k djX ] D;k u djX4
~ ~ ~8dar dks ukVg euko,94 ysfdu vd\L ds ekjs rqe ijek®ek dh rjG Hh ugC
tkrs gks] fpR Hh csp,u g,4 lc rjg dh fof{îrrk bdØh gks xB g,4 Sd {<
dks jl ugC g,4 Sd {< dks lq[ dh Nk;k ugC feyrh4 Hkxs tkrs gks] /wi7gh7/w
i] vkik/kih2 egÂokdka{k2 vk,j bdØk] vk,j bdØk2 bruk dj fy;k] mlls dq
N ugC feyk4
Sd fe_ esjs ikl vkS4 os dgus yxs fd tc eT ;qok Fk] rc eTus r; fd;k Fk
fd ftl fnu esjs ikl nl yk[ QiS gks tkSaxs mlh fnu lc vkik/kih Nks\L7N
k\L dj 'kafr ls c,O jgwaxk4 cl vc Fks\Lh gh nsj vk,j g,4 ikap yk[ esjs ikl gks
xS gT -xjhc vkneh ds ?j i,nk gqS] ikap yk[ c\Lh ckr g, mudks bdØk dj
ysuk] c\Lh eqfædy ls bdØs fdS4=3Fks\Lh nsj vk,j g,] Sd nks7pkj7ikap lky dh
ckr g,] vc i,lk esjs ikl g,] ikap dks nl djus eX dfOukB u gksxh4 ;s ikap v
lyh dfOu ckr Fh4 vc ikap dks nqxuk djuk ljy i\Lsxk4 cl fGj rks eT Hh
laü;¬r gksdj c,O tkMaxk4
eTus muls iwNk] Sd ckr rks eq>s dgkss4 ikap yk[ feys] vk/h rks laifR fey x
B ftrus rqe pkgrs Fs4 vk/k p,u feyk` vk/h 'kafr feyh`

vtgw psr xaokj
os dgus yxs A 'kafr2 'kafr feyus dh iwNrs gT` tks Fh Fks\Lh7cgqr og Hh pyh
xB4
rks eTus dgk fd ;g Hh rks lkspks fd nl ds feyrs7feyrs ;g tks Fks\Lh cgqr l
e> cph g, esjs ikl vkus dh fd rqe ;gka rd vk xS] ;g Hh pyh tkSxh4 ika
p yk[ feyus eX tks Fks\Lh7cgqr 'kafr Fh] og pyh xB4 nl yk[ feyrs7feyrs
rd gks' jgsxk` ixyk rks u tkvksxs`
os dqN lkspus yxs vk,j dgk fd vkidh ckr Ohd ekywe i\Lrh g,6 lksprk gwa rks
Ohd ekywe i\Lrh g,4 bruk ikxy eT igys ugC Fk4 tc ls ;s ikap gks xS gT r
c ls lks Hh ugC ldrk4 fnu7jkr fxurh py jgh g,4 vk,j og nl dk u'k p\P
k gqvk g,4
blfyS Hkjr eX ge /u ds u's dks 8/u7en9 dgrs gT6 in ds u's dks 8in7en
9 dgrs gT4 en ;kuh u'k] efnjk4 vaxzsth eX tkss 'çn g, 8e,L9 og la¬Îr ds 8e
n9 'çn ls cuk g,4 en Sdek_ ikxyiu g,4
rks eTus muls dgk] vHh rks rqégX Fks\Lk gks' g,] pykss rqe ;gka vk xS4 ikap lk
y] nl lky ckn tc rqégkjs ikl nl yk[ gks tkSaxs3rqégX esjh ;kn jgsxh` rqe
bl rjG vkvksxs`
os dgus yxs] iDdk ugC dg ldrk4 gkyr esjh [jkc g,4 lp rks ;g g, fd n
l yk[ gksus rd eT cp Hh ldwaxk] ;g Hh eq>s lansg yxrk g,4 D;kXfd eT cgqr
ijs'ku gqvk tk jgk gwa4
rks fGj eTus dgk] tc ikap ls bruh eqlhcr gks xB] rks vc bldks nl fdlfy
S djuk pkgrs gks2 exj xoZ` os cksys fd ugC] Sd nGk r; dj fy;k Fk fd
nl rks djds jgwaxk] rks djds rks jgwaxk4
vkneh dHh7dHh Sslh fn'kvkX eX Hh pyrk tkrk g, ftueX dqN Hh ugC ikrk6
ysfdu Sd vgadkj~ ~ ~4
8yx, u rsjks fpR] dar dks ukVg euko,49 vk,j fGj Hh vd\L dj cl~ ~ ~ izHq
dks eukus dh rjG dksB ps‘Ik Hh ugC gks jgh4
8dkij dj, Vlxkj9~ ~ ~4 lqurs gksA 8dkij dj, Vlxkj] Gwy dh lst fcNko,94 fG
j fdlds fyS Ja1xkj djrh g,` vk,j fGj fdlds fyS GwykX dh lst fcNkrh g,`
tc ijek®ek dks eukus dk gh ] eukus ds yk;d Hh fouezrk ugC g,] rks fdl
ds fyS Ja1xkj vk,j fdlds fyS GwykX dh lst ltkrh g,` ;g fdlds fyS eafnj
cukrh g,` ;g fdlds fyS nhi tykrh g,`
8dkij dj, Vlxkj9~ ~ ~ ~ ~4 rqe fdlds fyS lt jgs gks` gka] eafnj tkus ds fy
S lt jgs gks rks gh rqégkjs ltus dk dksB ew¥; g,4 izHq dks fj>kus dks pys gks
rks gh rqégkjk dksB ew¥; g,4
eTus lquk g,] vdcj us rkulsu dks Sd ckj dgk fd rqégkjk laxhr viwoZ g,4 eT
lksp Hh ugC ldrk fd blls Js‘O laxhr dgC gks ldrk g,4 ;k dksB blls Js‘O

vtgw psr xaokj
laxhr i,nk dj ldsxk4 ysfdu Sd izæu esjs eu eX ckjckj mO vkrk g, fd rqe
us fdlh ls lh[k gksxk] rqégkjk dksB xqQ gksxk4 vxj rqégkjs xqQ thfor gkX rks S
d ckj mudk laxhr lquuk pkgrk gwa] mügX njckj eX cqykvks4
rkulsu us dgk] ;g \tjk dfOu ckr g,4 xqQ esjs thfor gT] ysfdu mügX cqykuk
eqfædy g,4 os Gdhj vkneh gT4 -Gdhj gfjnkl muds xqQ Fs= os xkrs gT viuh
ek,t ls] ctkrs gT viuh ek,t ls] D;kXfd os vknfe;kX ds fyS ugC xkrs] vknfe;
kX ds fyS ugC ctkrs4 os ijek®ek ds fyS xkrs vk,j ijek®ek ds fyS ctkrs gT4
rks tc mu dh ek,t gksrh g, rc4 vk,j njckj eX rks mudks yk;k u tk ldsxk
4 Gjekb' ij rks os xkrs gh ugC] xk gh ugC ldrs4 os dgrs gT] ijek®ek djs
Gjekb' rc eT xkrk gwa4 blfyS \tjk eqfædy g,4 vki pyus dks jkth u gkXxs]
mügX yk;k ugC tk ldrk4 vk,j ;g Hh dqN iDdk ugC g, fd os dc xkSa] jkst
mudk dqN ca/k gqvk fu;e ugC g,4 izkFZuk ds dgC ca/s gqS fu;e gks ldrs gT2
izse ds dgC ca/s gqS fu;e gks ldrs gT2 izse rks lc fu;e rks\L dj cgrk g,4
izse rks ck\P dh rjg g,3dwy7fdukjs lc rks\L nsrk g,4 rks dHh os nks cts jkr m
O vkrs gT vk,j xkrs jgrs gT] xkrs jgrs gT] ?aIkX chr tkrs gT] lwjt fudy vkrk
g,] nksigj gks tkrh g, vk,j e¬r ukprs jgrs gT4 vk,j dHh nks7pkj fnu lUkIk
gh jgrk g,] muds >kXi\Ls ij dksB ¬oj ugC mOrk4 dHh 'wü; dk u,os| p\Pkrs
ijek®ek dks] dHh laxhr dk p\Pkrs gT4 exj ;g lc vfufæpr g,4 gfjnkl ¬ora
_ o1fR ds gT6 ¬oπNan gT6 laü;klh gT4
laü;klh dk vFZ gh gksrk g, ¬oπNan] tks vius Hhrj ds Nan ls thrk gks4 vdcj
us dgk fd rqeus eq>s vk,j yqHk fn;k4 lquuk rks gksxk gh] dqN Hh mik; gks4
rqe irk yxkvks4 eT vk/h jkr Hh pyus dks jkth gwa4
ysfdu rkulsu us dgk] Sd vk,j vkf[jh ckr >a>I dh g, fd vxj dkssB igqap
tkS rks os r®{< Qd tkrs gT] os pqi gkss tkrs gT4 rks pksjh ls lquuk i\Lsxk4 >kX
i\Ls ds ckgj fNi dj lquuk i\Lsxk4 ge tc muds fo|kFñ Hh muds ikl Fs rks
fNi dj gh lqurs Fs4 geX fl[krs Fs] og rks Ohd Fk4 ysfdu tc os [qn viuh
e¬rh eX] viuh jk, eX xkrs Fs rks geX fNi dj lquuk i\Lrk Fk4 lkeus igqap tk
vks] os Qd tkrs4 ckr gh xB4
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xh4 rkykc dk ty m\Lus yxk] ok‘ihHwr gksus yxk4 vHh Fk] jkst7jkst ugC gks
us yxk4 Ssls gh rks mez Sd fnu m\L tkrh g,6 irk Hh ugC pyrk dc gkF ls
fudy xB4

vtgw psr xaokj
8®;kT7®;kT ehu eyhu] tsO eX lw“;ks ikuh4
rhukX iu xS chfr] Htu dk eje u tkuh449
cpiu chrk] tokuh chrh] vc ;g cq\Pkik Hh chrus yxk] ;k vkf[jh ty dh
/kj Hh m\Lus yxh4 vc ehu ds ejus dk {< vkus yxk4
8rhukX iu xS chfr] Htu dk eje u tkuh49
vk,j thou eX tkuus ;ks≈; cl Sd gh ckr Fh38Htu dk eje96 HfDr dk vFZ
6 HfDr dk vuqHo4 D;kXfd eeZ tkuus dk vk,j dksB mikS ugC g,3eeZ tkuuk
gks rks vuqHo eX mrjuk i\Ls] Hko eX mrjuk i\Ls4 HfDr rks 'q0 vuqHo dh c
kr g,4~ ~ ~ rks thou chr x;k vk,j Htu vk;k ugC4 clar pyk x;k vk,j rqe
lksS jgs4
Htu dk vFZ g, A dar dk vkxeu 'qW gqvk] izkFZuk mOus yxh] vpZuk txus y
xh4 mikluk gksus yxh /hjs7/hjs4 vc lalkj dk gh jIu ugC gksrk eu eX] vc
izHq dh Hh ;kn vkus yxh6 ft∂ 'qW gqvk6 ;kYkær 'qW gqB6 lqjfr mOh4
8rhukX iu xS chfr] Htu dk eje u tkuh4
daoy xS dqfégykS] gal us fd;k i;kuk49
vk,j baf–;kX ds dey3vka[X] dku3lc dqégykus yxs4 os baf–;ka] ftudks rqeus v
c rd thou tkuk Fk] os dqégykus yxC4
8daoy xS dqfégykS] gal us fd;k i;kuk49
vk,j vc gal ds m\Lus dk {< vkus yxk4 ;g tho vc tkSxk3irk ugC dgka] f
dl va/dkj eX] fdl yksd eX2 blds tkus ds fyS dksB r,;kjh u dh] D;kXfd H
tu dk eje gh u tkuk4 Htu dks tku ysrs rks vkxs dh r,;kjh gks tkrh4 e1®
;q ds ckn dh r,;kjh Htu ls gh gksrh g,4 izHq dks ;kn fd;k gksrk] izHq ls laca/
tq\L tkrk] rks e1®;q eX xqtjus dh ih\Lk gh u >syuh i\Lrh4 ve1r ls tks tq\L x
;k] fGj og ejrk ugC4 'jhj rks 'kar gks tkrk g,] ysfdu ve1r ls tq\L xS ø;
fDr dks e1®;q dh dksB ih\Lk ugC gksrh4

vtgw psr xaokj
vk,j ge D;k dj jgs gT` geX gal dh rks fc¥dqy fG∂ ugC g,4 tks vkt f[ys v
k,j dy dqégyk tkSaxs] bu deykX dh ge c\Lh fG∂ dj jgs gT4 rqégX viuh rks
fG∂ ugC g,6 ysfdu nsg] jax7Wi] bldh rqe c\Lh Vprk dj jgs gks4 vka[kX eX d
kty yxk jgs gks4 vkXOkX ij fyfif¬Id yxk jgs gks] psgjkX ij jax jksxu iksr jgs
gks4 'jhj dks lqanj cukus dh gj rjg dh ps‘Ik dj jgs gks4 gj rjg dh ps‘Ik
py jgh g,4 gal dh dksB Vprk ugC g,4 og tks Hhrj fNik gal g,] tks vkt u
gC dy m\L tkSxk mldh dksB fpark ugC g, vk,j ;g lc nsg] bldh lc ltko
IX] dkty vk,j fyfif¬Id vk,j ikoLj vk,j nsg vk,j o¬_] jax7Wi] lc i\Lk jg
tkSxk3bl ij rqe lkjk thou yxk jgs gks4 lkj dh Vprk ugC] vlkj ds lkF
thou ø;; dj jgs gks4
ehu fy;k dksB ekfj~ ~ ~449
vk,j vkt ugC dy] ek,r dk tky vkSxk3dksB Hh rks ugC igpkurk ek,r dk,u
g,4 blfyS dgrs gT iyIw A 8ehu fy;k dksM ekfj9 ~~~4 dk,u ekj tkSxk] irk
ugC4 dk,u tky GXd nsxk` dk,u Gkal ysxk` ;g ek,r dk,u g,] fdlh dks irk u
gC4
ge rks thou ds jax eX Ssls jaxs jgrs gT fd ek,r dk fopkj gh dk,u djrk g,2
8ehu fy;k dksM ekfj] Oka; Psyk fpgjkuk49
vk,j tks dHh rkykc gqvk djrk Fk] vc flGZ feÈh ds Psys i\Ls jg xS] lc lw
[ x;k4 GIh7iqjkuh njkjX i\Lh feÈh jg xB4 ~ ~ ~8Oka; Psyk fpgjkuk94 ftldks
rqeus ?j le>k Fk] ftldks rqeus lc le>k Fk] og ty rks m\L x;k4 eNfy
;kssa dks dksB ekj dj ys x;k4 gal us iz;k< fn;k4 vc ogka ty ds uke ij Sd
lw[h ry,;k jg xB g,] tks dHh ry,;k Fh4 vk,j tehu Psys jg xS3os Hh frj
ds gqS] GIs gqS] njkjX i\LC4
Sslh gh rks Sd fnu nsg i\Lh jg tkrh g,3feÈh dk Psyk2 L¬I vaIw L¬I4 feÈh
eX feÈh fxj tkrh g,4
8ehu fy;k dksM ekfj] Oka; Psyk fpgjkuk4
Sslh ekuq" nsg] o1Fk eX tkr vukjh49
vk,j ;g tks euq‘; dh nsg g,] bls rqe ikxykX dh rjg] ew\PkX dh rjg ø;FZ gh
xaokS ns jgs gks4 blds igys fd nsg pyh tkS ø;FZ] rqe nsg dk lsrq cuk yks] b

vtgw psr xaokj
l nsg dh lh\Ph cuk yks2 bl nsg dh lh\Ph ij p\P tkvks vk,j ijek®ek ls laca/
tks\L yks4
8Sslh ekuq"7nsg] o1Fk eX tkr vukjh4
Hwyk dk,y7djkj] vkils dke fcxkjh449
;g c\Lk egÂoiw<Z opu g, A Hwyk dk,y7djkj4 iyIw ;g dg jgs gT fd ijek®ek
ls opu nsdj vk;k Fk fd ;kn j[waxk rqégX vk,j Hwy gh x;k lc vkæoklu4 Hw
yk dk,y7djkj2 ;gka vkdj Hwy gh xS4 ;kn Hh ugC djrs4 tgka ls vkS gks o
gka dh ;kn Hh ugC djrs4 tks opu ns vkS gks mldh ;kn Hh ugC djrs4 ml
dk,y dks] ml djkj dks iwjk djus dh dksB ps‘Ik Hh ugC g,4ps‘Ik rks nwj ;kn g
h ugC j[h4
opu fn;k Fk] mls Hax er djks4 ;g ckr c\Lh egÂoiw<Z g,4 iz®;sd ø;fDr tc
ijek®ek ds ewyÛksr ls vkrk g, rks blh vkæoklu dks nsdj] blh vkæoklu ls
Hjk vkrk g, fd eT HIdwaxk ugC6 eT rks lalkj ls vNwrk yk,I vkMaxk4 ;gh rks
dchj us dgk A †;kX dh ®;kX /fj nhügC pnfj;k] [wc tru ls vkss\Ph js dchjk2
dchj us dk,,y7djkj ;kn j[k] my>s ugC4 xqtj xS lalkj ls4 ;g dkty dh
dksOjh g,4 exj vNwrs xqtj xS4 viuh vkarfjd 'qHzrk dks dk;e j[rs gqS xqt
j xS4 †;kX dh ®;kX /fj nhügh pnfj;k2
djkj ;kn Hh ugC g,4 geX ;kn gh dqN ugC g,4 ge dgka ls vkS] ;g ;kn ugC
g,6 ge dgka tk jgs gT] ;g ;kn ugC g,4
/eZ dk bruk gh vFZ gksrk g, fd rqégX rqégkjs thou ds vkæoklukX dk] opukX d
k ¬ej< fnyk;k tkS4
8Hwyk dk,y7djkj] vkils dke fcxkjh4
iyIw cjl vk, ekl fnu] igj ?\Lh iy Nhu49
†;kT7†;kT lw[s rky g,] ®;kT7®;kT ehu eyhu449
vk,j ns[] jkst7jkst fnu chrus yxs3cjl vk,j ekl fnu6 igj ?\Lh iy Nhu 3
Sd7Sd {< chrk tkrk] ;g xkxj jhrh tkrh g,4 t¥nh gh [kyh 'wü; jg tk
Sxk4 †;kT7†;kT lw[s rky g,] ®;kT7®;kT ehu eyhu4 vc dqN dj] blds igys fd
volj fc¥dqy gh pyk tkS4
8iyIw +rq Hfj [sfy ys] fGj iNrko, var4

vtgw psr xaokj
8fi; dks [kstu eT pyh] vkiqb xB fgjk;4
vkiqb xB fgjk;] dou vc dg, lanslk449
;g rks iyIw us rqégkjh n'k dgh bu nks inkX eX4 Sd eX fd ;g clar lnk u Q
dsxk] mi;ksx djuk gks rks dj yks6 xhr cukuk gks rks cuk yks6 ukpuk gks rks u
kp yks4 vk,j vxj ukpks rks vk,j fdlh ds lkeus er ukpuk] izHq ds lkeus ukp
ysuk4 vxj dqN ?j cukuk gks rks izHq ds Ôn; eX cuk yks4 ;s nks in rqels d
gs4 ;g Hh dgk fd dy ij er Ikyrs tkuk D;kXfd rky jkst lw[rk tkrk g,4
vk,j dc eNqvk vkSxk ek,r dk vk,j eNyh dks ekj ysxk] rqégX irk Hh ugC p
ysxk4 Gal xS tky eX] fGj dqN Hh u gksxk4 fGj iNrkS gksr dk] tc fpf\L;
k pqx xB [sr4
;g rhljk in vius laca/ eX dgrs gT A
8fiz; dks [kstu eT pyh] vkiqb xB fgjk;49
vk,j dgrs gT fd Sd vuwOh ckr Hh rqégX dg nX A eT [kstus pyk ysfdu [kstrs7
[kstrs eT [ks x;k4 ;g izse dh vkf[jh ?\Lh g,4 D;kXfd ijek®ek vk,j rqe Sd
lkF ugC gks ldrs4 Sd gh gks ldrk g,] nks ugC gks ldrs4 rqe tc rd gks] i
jek®ek ugC4 ftl fnu ijek®ek g,] rqe ugC4 rks rqe ugC gks tkvks rks ijek®
ek ds gksus eX lqxerk gks tkrh g,4 blh dks dgrs gT fuea_<] Htu dk eeZ4 D;
k g, Htu dk eeZ` fd rqe vius dks feIk nks] xyk nks4 rqe dg nks fd eT ugC
gwa] rw gh g,] rw gh g,] rw gh g,2 rqe /hjs7/hjs 'wü; gksrs tkvks4 b/j rqe feIrs
gks m/j ijek®ek dk vorj< gksus yxrk g,4 b/j rqe ckgj xS m/j ijek®
ek Hhrj vk;k4 txg cgqr Fks\Lh g, Hhrj4 izse xyh vfr lkadjh] rkeX nks u l
ek;4 rqe gIks rks ijek®ek vk tkS4
vkiqb xB fgjk;] dou vc dg, lans'k449
iyIw dgrs gT A c\Lh eqfædy gks xB g,] c\Ls lans's r; fdS Fs] c\Lk lksp j[k F
k] ;g dgXxs] ;g dgXxs] ;g dgXxs2 vc dk,u dgs` lans'k dgusokyk Hh ugC cp
k4 blfyS izkFZuk vkf[jh ?\Lh eX ek,u gks tkrh g,] dgus dks dqN Hh ugC cpr
k4
8vkiqb xB fgjk;] dou vc dg, lans'k49

vtgw psr xaokj
jkst Sslk gksrk g,4 esjs laü;klh jksst vkrs lka> feyus4 c\Lk r; djds vkrs gTA ;
g dgXxs] ;g dgXxs] ;g dgXxs ~ ~ ~2 fGj lkeus c,Ors gT vk,j dgrs gT fd Hwy
xS] dqN dgus dk ;kn ugC vkrk4 D;k gks tkrk g, mügX4 tc rd nwjh gks rc
rd dgus dks dqN gksrk g,4 t,ls gh fudIrk c\Prh g, o,ls gh 'çn chp eX ugC
cprs4 t,ls7t,ls fudIrk c\Prh g,] 'çn gIrs tkrs gT4 vk®;afrd fudIrk eX rks
ek,u gh cprk g,4
Wnkns xes m¥Gr muls ge
D;k dgrs] D;kXdj dgrs
Sd gGZ u fudyk vkXOkX ls
vk,j vka[ eX vkalw vk Hh xS4
izse ds nqA[kX dh dgkuh Hh dgus dh lksprk g, HDr fd fdruk lalkj eX r\Lik]
fdl7fdl rjg dh fojg dh ih\Lk Fh] fdl7fdl rjg rqégX ;kn fd;k»»»»≥
¡ºæ»»‘O»»b™∞∞≥™∞∞»»»»2
dguk rks pkgk Fk] cgqr r; djds Hh vkS Fs fd lc f'dk;rX djXxs fd D;kX
lalkj eX Hstk] D;kX HIdk;k] D;kX bruk ijs'ku fd;k~ ~ ~4
Sd gGZ u fudyk vkXOkX ls
vk,j vka[ eX vkalw vk Hh xS4
vkalw gh cp jgrs gT3vk,j vkuan ds vkalw2 Hwy eX er i\Luk4 izse ds txr. eX nqA
[ ds vkalw ?Irs gh ugC6 vkuan ds gh vkalw ?Irs gT4 izse bruh c\Lh dhfe;k g,
fd nqA[ ds vkalqvkX dks vkuan ds vkalqvkX eX Wikarfjr dj nsrh g,4

vtgw psr xaokj

î;kjk opu g,4 ghjkX ls Hh rk,yks rks u rqys] Sslk opu g,4
8tsdj fi; eX ÷;ku9~ ~ ~4 ftlus ml î;kjs ds ÷;ku eX vius dks Lqck;k~ ~ ~ 8ts
dj fi; ds ÷;ku] HB og fi; ds Hs"k9~ ~ ~ og î;kjk gh gks x;k4 og î;kjs ds
lkF Sd gks x;k4 ftlus mldk ÷;ku fd;k] og ogh gks x;k4 izHq dks tkurs
gh izHqe; gks tkrs gT4 izHq dks tkurs gh izHq gks tkrs gT4
8tsdj fi; eX ÷;ku] HB og fi; ds Hs"k4
¬oHkorA vf≈u eX tks fxjsxk] og vf≈uWi gks tkSxk4 mleX ls Hh yiI mOsxh]
og Hh mlh jax eX jax tkSxk4
8H1axh dhI dks HXI] vkiq le y,b cuko,49
iraxk vkrk g,] fxj tkrk g, nhS dh †;ksfr ij] †;ksfreZ; gks tkrk g,4
8H1axh dhI dks HXI] vkiq le y,b cuko,4
iraxk fdruh ;k_k djds vk;k Fk] fdrus nwj va/sjs dksukX ls] fdruh vkdka{kvkX
7vfHyk"kvkX7vHhîlkvkX dks ysdj] fdruh izkFZukSa FC Ôn; eX] fdruk D;k dqN
dgus dks Fk6 nhS dh ryk'7ryk' pyrh jgh Fh6 tüekX7tüekX dh ryk' ds
ckn vkt nhS dh †;ksfr feyh Fh3vk,j iraxk vk dj mleX fxj tkrk g, vk,j
†;kssfrWi gks tkrk g,4 lans'k dgus dks u le; feyrk u lqfo/k feyrh4 lans'k
dgusokyk gh ugC cprk4
;g ∂kafr xqQ ds ikl Hh ?Irh g,4 vxj f'‘; lp eX gh le√ir g, rks xqQ ds
ikl Hh vkdj dqN dgus dks ugC cprk4 Sd lUkIk jg tkrk g,4 Sd viwoZ l
UkIk4 thoar2 †;kssfreZ; 2 p,rü;7Wi2 c\Lk fpüe;2 vgksHko2 vkuan7vJq2 Sd
e≈urk2 Sd e¬rh2 Sd ukp4 ysfdu dgus dks dqN Hh ugC cprk4

vtgw psr xaokj
8lfjrk cfgd, xB] Vl/ eX jgh lekB4

flo lfDr ds feys] ugC fGj lfDr vkB449
vk,j tc Sd ckj bl izseh ls feyuk gks tkrk g, rks yk,Iuk ugC gksrk4 fGj yk,
Iuk ugC g,4
[yhy ftczku us dgk g, fd tc unh Hh fxjus yxrh g, lkxj eX rks fOOdrh g,
6 Sd{< dks vius dks jksdrh g,6 ihNs yk,I dj ns[rh g,4 os lc ?kI tgka ls xq
tjh] os lc rhFZ] os lkjs yksx ftuls jkg eX feyuk gqvk] vπNs7cqjs] gtkj7gtk
j ¬e1fr;ka] igk\L ds mRqax f'[j] e,nkukX dh xanxh] o1{kX dh Nk;kSa] if{;kX ds
xhr] vkdk' eX m\Lrs ckny] pkan7rkjs] mudh >yd] muds izfrGyu3yach d
Fk g,4 vc xaxk pyrh g, fgeky; ls] lkxj rd tkrs7tkrs gtkjkX ehy dh ;k_
k g,4 gtkjkssa vuqHo gksrs gT4
ftczku Ohd dgrk g, fd lfjrk Hh lkxj eX fxjus ds igys Sd {< fOOd tkr
h g,] yk,I dj ihNs ns[rh g,] ;kn djrh g, vk,j Ljrh Hh g,4 ;g lkxj lkeus
[\Lk g,3fojkI] vlhe] dwyghu] rIghu3bleX xS rks [ks tkSaxs4
xqQ ds ikl igqap dj Hh f'‘; ?c\Lkrk g,] Ljrk g,] dairk g,] cpuk pkgrk g,4
ysfdu xqQ eX fxjuk lh[uk i\Ls4 xqQ eX tks fxjuk lh[s ogh fdlh fnu ijek®
ek eX fxj ldrk g,4 xqQ eX fxjuk rks ijek®ek eX fxjus dk iwoZ v˙;kl g,3d]
[] x] ikO dk izkjaH] Jhx<s'k; ueA4
flo 'fDr ds feys] ugC fGj lfDr vkB449
t,ls gh f'o vk,j 'fDr dk feyu gks tkrk g,] fGj yk,Iuk ugC] fGj 'fDr okf
il ugC yk,Irh4 t,ls fiz; vk,j izs;lh dk feyuk gks x;k] izs;lh [ks xB4 izs;lh
;kuh ge4 fiz; ;kuh ijek®ek4
8iyIw nhoky dgdgk] er dksm >kadu tk;4
ih dks [kstu eT pyh] vkiqb xB fgjk;449
8iyIw nhoky dgdgk9~ ~ ~2 phu dh nhoky dh rjG b'kjk g,4 phu dh nhoky
ds laca/ eX ;g dFk g, fd phu dh nhoky] igys rks nqfu;k dh lcls c\Lh nho
ky g,] gtkjkX ehy] igk\LkX dks ikj djrh] ufn;kX dks ikj djrh] e,nkukX dks ikj

vtgw psr xaokj
djrh4 Sslh dksB nhoky nqfu;k eX ugC4 c\Lh pk,\Lh nhoky g,] igk\L t,lh nhok
y g,4 Sd c,yxk\Lh py lds nhoky ds Mij4 c\Lh Maph nhoky g,] mldks ikj
djuk eqfædy g,4
phu dh nhoky ds laca/ eX Sd yksdksfDr g, fd phu dh nhoky eX Sd [rjk g,
4 og bl rjdhc ls cukB xB g, fd vxj dksB ml ij p\P dj nwljh rjG ns
[s rks mls Sdne dgdgk NwIrk g,] Sdne galh NwIrh g,4 og bruk e¬r gks t
krk g,] Ssls u's eX Lwc tkrk g, fd r®{< Nykax yxk dj dwn tkrk g, ml rj
G vk,j fGj [ks tkrk g,] fGj dHh mldk irk ugC pyrk4 ;g tWj phu ds
ckgj ls tks nqæeu phu ij geyk djus ds fyS vkrs jgs gkXxs] mügC ls cpus ds
fyS nhoky cukB xB Fh4 mueX ;g dgkuh py i\Lh gksxh fd phu dh nhoky
Sd rks p\Puk eqfædy vk,j vxj p\P tkvks vk,j vxj ml rjG mrj xS rks
fGj yk,Iuk eqfædy4 lko/ku] dksB p\Puk er vk,j ml rjG >kad dj ns[uk
er4 mleX c\Lk tknw g,4 tks >kad dj ns[rk g,] ml rjG dwnus dk eu gks tkr
k g,4
mlh dh rjG b'kjk g, iyIw dk4 c\Lk î;kjk mi;ksx fd;k4
iyIw dgrs gT A rqégX eT igys gh lko/ku dj nsrk gwa] ;g ijek®ek tks g,38nhok
y dgdgk94 fGj eq>ls er dguk4 eT rqégX igys gh crkS nsrk gwa4 ijek®ek dks
[kstus pys gks] Sd ckr [;ky j[uk A ijek®ek dks bl rjg u [kst ikvksxs
fd ijek®ek rqégkjh eqØh eX can gks tkSxk4 ijek®ek dks [kstus cgqr yksx py
rs gT4 mudk “;ky] mudh n1f‘I ;gh gksrh g, t,ls /u dks frtks\Lh eX can dj fy
;k g,] Sd fnu ijek®ek dks Hh frtks\Lh eX can dj nXxs4 os ;gh lksprs gT fd
ijek®ek dk Hh ifjxzg dj yXxs4 og mudh vd\L dh [kst g,4 og vlyh [kst
ugC g,4 og vgadkj dh gh ;k_k g,4 os dgrs gT geus /u ik;k] in ik;k] lc
ik;k6 vc ijek®ek dks ikdj jgXxs4
eksjkjth nslkB ftl fnu iz/kuea_h cus] Sd i_dkj us muls iwNk fd vkidh t
houHj dh tks [kst Fh vk,j vkids thouHj dh tks vkdka{k Fh] og iwjh gks x
B] vki izlU gkXxs` mügkssaus dgk A ;g dqN Hh ugC] vHh rks eq>s ijek®ek dks
[kstuk g,4 lquusokys dks yxsxk fd c\Lh /k√ed ckr g,4 \tjk Hh /k√ed ugC g,4
ijek®ek dks gh [kstuk g, rks fn¥yh ls ijek®ek dh rjG tkus dk dksB jk¬rk
vfuok;Z Wi ls Fks\Ls gh xqtjrk g,2 fn¥yh [kstus dh D;k tWjr] ijek®ek gh
[kstuk g, vxj` ftruh esgur vk,j ftruk Je fn¥yh igqapus eX yxrk g,] b
lls cgqr de Je vk,j de esgur ls vkneh ijek®ek rd igqap ldrk g,4 vk,
j lp rks ;g g, fd fn¥yh ijek®ek ls Ohd foijhr fn'k eX g,4 ftruk fn¥yh
eX pys xS mruk ijek®ek ls nwj pys xS4 ysfdu eksjkjth nslkB dks Sslk yx

vtgw psr xaokj
rk g, fd igys iz/kuea_h gksuk] fGj ijek®ek dks [kstuk6 t,ls fd ijek®ek dh
lh\Ph iz/kuea_h ds vkxs g,2 tc rd iz/kuea_h dh lh\Ph u p\PXxs] ijek®ek dh
lh\Ph d,ls p\PXxs2
;g vgadkj dh gh [kst g,4 ;g ijek®ek dh ckr Hh vgadkj dh gh ckr g,4 ;
g flGZ bl ckr dh ?ks"<k g, fd blls ge dgka r1îr gksusokys] ;g rks Ohd g,]
djds fn[k fn;k6 vc og Hh djds fn[kuk g,3ijek®ek dks Hh ikuk g,4 exj
tks vkneh bl rjg ijek®ek dks [ksstus pysxk] og dHh u ik ldsxk4 ijek®
ek dks dksB in] /u dh rjg ugC [kst ldrk4 ijek®ek dks rks izseh dh rjg
[kstuk i\Lrk g,4 izseh dk eryc gksrk g, tks [ksus dks r,;kj g,] feIus dks r,;kj
g,4 vius dks feIkdj tks [kst ldrk g,] ogh [kstrk g,6 t,ls lfjrk lkxj eX
fxjrh g,4
blfyS iyIw dgrs gT A lko/ku dj nsrs gT] HkB] gekjh ckrkX eX er vk tkuk
fd geus dgk [ktks izseh dks vk,j geus dgk clar chrk tk jgk g, vk,j ns[ks ;
g rkykc lw[us yxk vk,j eNyh nqA[h gkssus yxh] blfyS [kstks ijek®ek dks4 g
ekjh ckr eX er vk tkuk4 Sd ckr lko/kuh ls le> ysuk] ;g 'rZ ÷;ku eX
jgs3
8iyIw nhoky dgdgk9~~~4 Sd ckj vxj p\P xS ÷;ku dh nhoky ij vk,j ml
rjG >kad dj ns[k rks fGj yk,I u ldksxs4 tkvks rkss ;g [;ky j[ dj tkuk6
fGj ihNs gels er dguk] f'dk;r er djuk fd ;g Hh [wc [ksst id\Lk nh
ftleX ge [qn gh [ks xS2 [kst rks Sslh gks fd ge rks cpX vk,j [kst gks tkS
4 ;g ijek®ek dh [kst Sslh [kst ughsa g,4
blfyS lko/ku fdS nsrs gT fd vxj vius dks cpk dj ijek®ek ikuk gks] vx
j vgadkj dh gh ;k_k dk Sd fg¬lk gks ijek®ek dk ikuk] rks Îik djds er
tkuk4 ;g nhoky dgdgk g,] blds ml rjG >kadk fd fGj dwnuk gh i\Lrk g,
4 vk,j tks dwn x;k og [ks x;k vk,j fGj dHh yk,I dj ugC vk ldrk4
rks eT izseh dks [kstus x;k vk,j [qn [ks x;k4 ysfdu ;g [ks tkuk /ü; Hkx g,4
rqégkjk gksuk flok; ih\Lk vk,j nqA[ ds vk,j D;k g,` rqégkjk gksuk flok; Sd ?
ko ds] vk,j D;k g,` rqégkjs gksus eXa g, gh D;k ` bls cpkus dh dksf'' djksxs r
ks ijek®ek ls oafpr jgksxs4 bls [ksus dh r,;kjh pkfgS4
blfyS tc rqe eafnj eX tkdj Gwy p\Pkrs gks rks rqe /ks[k nsrs gks4 vius dks f
tlus ugC p\Pk;k] mlds lc p\PkS Gwy csdkj gT4 ;k rqe /u p\Pkrs gks] rks Hh
rqe /kss[k nsrs gks4 rqe lksprs gks rqégkjs /u dks ijek®ek Hh /u le>rk gksxk

vtgw psr xaokj
4 rqeus vius gh t,lk ew\P mls Hh le> j[k g,] rqégkjs flDdkX ds /ks[s eX og
Hh vkSxk2
vxj p\Pkuk gks rks vius dks p\Pkuk4 mlds vfrfjDr vk,j dksB pht ugC p\PkB
tk ldrh4 vkneh us lc phtX p\PkB gT4 ;gka rd fd mldh le> eX vk x;k
fd /u rks viuk cuk;k gqvk g,] bldks D;k p\Pkuk3rks mlus i'q Hh p\PkS] i
'q7o/ fdS4 ;K fdS3xk; p\Pkvks ?ks\Lk p\Pkvks4 vk,j ;gka rd fd vkneh Hh
p\PkS] ujes/ ;K Hh fdS4
cq0 ds thou eX m¥ys[ g, A Sd xkao eX ;K gks jgk g, vk,j xkao dk jktk Sd
cdjs dks p\Pk jgk g,4 cq0 xkao ls xqtjs gT] os ogka igqap xS4 vk,j mügkXus ml j
ktk ls dgk fd ;g D;k dj jgs gT` bl cdjs dks p\Pk jgs gT] fdlfyS` rks m
lus dgk fd blds p\Pkus ls c\Lk iq≤; gksrk g,4 rks cq0 us dgk] eq>s p\Pk nks rks
vk,j Hh †;knk iq≤; gksxk4 og jktk Fks\Lk Ljk4 cdjs dks p\Pkus eX dksB gtkZ u
gC] ysfdu cq0 dks p\Pkuk2 mlds Hh gkF7i,j dais4 vk,j cq0 us dgk fd vxj
lp eX gh dksB ykH djuk gks rks vius dks p\Pk nks4 cdjk p\Pkus ls D;k gksxk`
ml jktk us dgk A uk] cdjs dk dksB uqdlku ugC g,] ;g ¬oxZ pyk tkSxk4 cq
0 us dgkA ;g cgqr gh vπNk g,] eT ¬oxZ dh ryk' dj jgk gwa] rqe eq>s p\Pk
nks] rqe eq>s ¬oxZ Hst nks4 vk,j rqe vius ekrk7firk dks D;kX ugC Hstrs ¬oxZ v
k,j [qn dks D;kX jksds gqS gks` tc ¬oxZ tkus dh Sslh ljy vk,j lqxe rqégX rjd
hc fey xB rks dkI yks xnZu4 cdjs dks cspkjs dks D;kX Hst jgs gks tks 'k;n t
kuk Hh u pkgrk gks ¬oxZ` cdjs dks [qn gh pquus nks dgka mls tkuk g,4
ml jktk dks le> vkB4 mls cq0 dh ckr [;ky eX i\Lh4 ;g c\Lh lpksI ckr
Fh4
vkneh us lc p\Pk;k g,3/u p\Pk;k] Gwy p\PkS4 Gwy Hh rqégkjs ugC3os ijek®
ek ds gT4 o1{kX ij p\Ps gh gqS Fs4 o1{kX ij ijek®ek ds pj<kX ij gh p\Ps Fs4 o1
{kX ds Mij ls mudks ijek®ek dh ;k_k gks gh jgh Fh4 ogC rks tk jgh Fh og
lqxa/] vk,j dgka tkrh` rqeus mudks o1{kssa ls rks\L dj eqnkZ dj fy;k4 vk,j fG
j eqnkZ GwykX dks tkdj eafnj eX p\Pk vkS4 vk,j le>s fd c\Lk dke dj vkS4
dHh /wi7nhi tykS] fd dHh tkuoj p\PkS] fd dHh vkneh Hh p\Pk fnS2 v
ius dks dc p\Pkvksxs` vk,j tks vius dks p\Pkrk g,] ogh mls ikrk g,4
blfyS iyIw Ohd dgrs gT3

igys lko/ku dj nsrs gT] vxj tkuk gks rks ;g ckr le> dj tkuk fd ;g 8
nhoky dgdgk9 g,4 tks x;k og yk,Ik ugC4 tks x;k og [ks;k4
dchj us dgk g, fd [kstus pyk Fk] [qn [ks x;k4 Ssls [ks x;k t,ls cwan lkxj
eX [ks tkrh g,4 Ssls [ks x;k t,ls fd lkxj cwan eX [ks tkrk g,4 exj ;g [ks

vtgw psr xaokj
tkuk 8[ks tkuk9 ugC g,4 rqégkjk gksuk vlyh [ks tkuk g,4 vk,j rqégkjk [ks tku
k rqégkjk vlyh gksuk g,4 D;kXfd ftl fnu lfjrk lkxj eX mrj tkrh g,] Sd
rjG ls rks lp g, ckr fd lfjrk [ks xB6 nwljh rjG ns[ks6 lfjrk lkxj gks
xB2 {q– ls NwIh] fojkI ls tq\Lh4 uk dqN ls NwIh] lc dqN ls tq\Lh4 fdukjs xS
tWj] ysfdu vuar dk fdukjk feyk4
iyIw ds bu opukX dks /hjs7/hjs ihuk4 ;s 'jkc t,ls opu gT4 budks ihuk] jl
ys7ys dj ihuk4 pq¬dh ys7ys dj ihuk4 Sd7Sd opu rqégX rjafxr djsxk4 Sd7
Sd opu rqégX fgykSxk] LqykSxk4 rqégkjs Hhrj lksB gqB MtkZ /hjs7/hjs u1®;7e
≈u gks mOsxh4 vk,j rqégkjs Hhrj D;k7D;k ugC fNik g,2 ysfdu rqe rks ckgj [ks
trs gks] blfyS Hhrj dk irk ugC pyrk g,4 vk,j rqégkjs Hhrj D;k7D;k ugC
fNik g,2 rqégkjs Hhrj iwjk ijek®ek c,Ok g,] ysfdu rqe mls Nks\L dj vk,j lc
txg Hkxs tkrs gks4 yk,Iks ?j2

/1x thou g, rksj] dar fcu fnol xaokS44
xoZ xqekuh ukfj fGj,] tksou dh ekrh4
[le jgk g, WfO] ukgC rw iOo, ikrh44
dkij dj, Vlxkj] Gwy dh lst fcNko,44
iyIw +rq Hfj [sfy ys] fGj iNrko, var4
tkxrs D;kX ugC` lksus eX Sslk D;k fey jgk g,` lius fey jgs gT4 lq[n7nq[n
liukX dk tky py jgk g,4 tkxus ls Ljrs D;kX gks` tkxus ls Lj dk dkj< g,A
tkxs fd feIs4 iyIw nhoky dgdgk2 tkxs fd feIs4 gks' vk;k fd xS4 tc rd
csgk'h g, rc rd cus jgks] rc rd vfHu; pysxk] rc rd ;g ukId pysxk

vtgw psr xaokj
4 t,ls gh \tjk gks' dh fdj< vkB fd ukId can gqvk4 mlls Ljs gqS gks4 exj
rqe fdrus Ljs jgks] ek,r vkrh g,4 ek,r vk jgh g,4
8†;kT7†;kT lw[s rky g,] ®;kT7®;kT ehu eyhu44
®;kT7®;kT ehu eyhu] tsO eX lw“;ks ikuh4
rhukX iu xS chfr] Htu dk eje u tkuh44
daoy xS dqfégyk;] gal us fd;k i;kuk4
ehu fy;k dksM ekfj] Oka; Psyk fpgjkuk44
Sslh ekuq"7nsg o1Fk eX tkr vukjh4
Hwyk dk,y djkj] vkils dke fcxkjh44
iyIw cjl vk,j ekl fnu] igj ?\Lh iy Nhu4
†;kT7†;kT lw[s rky g,] ®;kT7®;k,,a ehu eyhu449
jkst7jkst rqégkjk rkykc lw[rk tk jgk g,4 rqégkjs izk<kX dh eNyh jkst7jkst mn
kl gksrh tk jgh g,] éyku gksrh tk jgh] ijs'ku gksrh tk jgh4 ek,,r dh Nk;k
i\Lus yxh3igys fnu ls gh i\Lus yxrh g,4 cπpk i,nk gqvk fd ejus yxrk g,4
Sd fnu dk c\Lk gqvk ;kuh Sd fnu dk ej x;k4 igyh lkal yh fd mlh ds
lkF vafre lkal izfo‘I gks xB4 vc ekeyk pyk7pyh dk g,4 vc xS fd rc
xS4 tkuk gh i\Lsxk4 tkuk rks i\Lsxk] rks tkuk g, gh fufæpr3ek,r eX tkvks] ;k
8nhoky dgdgk94 nks mik; gT tkus ds 4 ;k rks ek,r ds tky eX Galksxs] ijo'
[Cps tkvksxs] fGj thou eX GXds tkvksxs4
Sd nwljh jkg Hh g,3lekf/ dh] laü;kl dh4 Sd nwljk mik; Hh g,3[qn gh dw
n tkvks ijek®ek eX4 blds igys fd ek,r ekjs] [qn ej tkvks4 vk,j tks [qn ej
x;k] ¬okarA lq[k; ej x;k] mlds thou eX ve1r dk okl gks tkrk g,4


vtgw psr xaokj

Ha1xh dhI dks HXI vkiq le y,b cuko,44
lfjrk cfgd, xB] Vl/ eX jgh lekB4
flo lfDr ds feys] ugC fGj 'fDr vkB44
iyIw fnoky dgdgk] er dksm >kadu tk;4
fi; dks [kstu eT pyh] vkiqb xB fgjk;449
eT Hh rqels dgrk gwa fd tkvksxs rks yk,I u ldksxs4 exj tkvks4 ogh iyIw Hh
dg jgs gT4 tkvks3tWj tkvkss2
feIks2 feIus ls c\Lk /ü;Hkx ugC g,4
¬osπNk ls feIks rks lekf/ G,y tkrh g,6 ¬osπNk ls u feIksxs rks ek,r4
vius gkF ls foltZu djksxs rks lekf/4 dksB vkdj eNyh dks id\Ldj ys tkS]
rks e1®;q4
rqégkjs gkF eX g, e1®;q dks lekf/ cuk ysuk ;k lekf/ ds volj dks [ks nsuk vk,
j fGj e1®;q eX ejuk4
tks e1®;q dks lekf/ cuk ysrk g,] ogh laü;klh g,4
tks e1®;q dks lekf/ cuk ysrk g,] ogh le>nkj g,4
vkt bruk gh4
dgkor g,A8ekfuS rks nso] ugC rks i®Fj94 D;k lc ekuus dh gh ckr g,`
vkids ikl jgdj Hh eq>s vius dks feIkus eX H; yxrk g,4 eT viuk ;g H;
d,ls nwj dWa`
eu ls eqDr gksuk vlaHo7lk yxrk g,4 geX irk Hh ugC pyrk fd eu dB rj
g dh oklukvkX eX HIdus yxrk g,4 vk,j cgqr lko/kuh j[dj Fks\Lk7lk gks' la
Hkyrk g, fd fGj7fGj eu d¥iukvkX eX cgus yxrk g,4 Îi;k bls le>kSa4

vtgw psr xaokj
tc vki v‘Iko∂] cq0 ;k ykvks®ls ij cksyrs gT] rc vkidh ok<h eX cqf0 vk,j
rdZ dk viwoZ rst izokfgr gksrk g,4 ysfdu tc ogh vki HfDr7ekxñ larkX ij
cksyrs gT] rc ckrX vIiIh gksus yxrh gT4 Sslk D;kX`
igyk izæuA dgkor g,] ekfuS rks nso] ugC rks i®Fj4 D;k lc ekuus dh gh ck
r g,`
Ó eT dgkor dks Fks\Lk7lk cnyuk pkgwaxkA 8tkfuS rks nso] ugC rks i®Fj94 eku
us ls rks i®Fj i®Fj gh jgrk g,6 flGZ rqégkjh vka[X Hze ls Hj tkrh gT6 flGZ
rqe i®Fj eX nsork dks ns[us yxrs gks] ekuus ls i®Fj eX varj ugC i\Lrk eku
us ls rks flGZ rqégkjh vka[ dk pæek cny tkrk g,4 rqeus jaxhu pæek vka[ ij
j[ fy;k rks lHh phtX jaxhu fn[kB i\Lus yxrh gT6 ysfdu lHh phtX jaxhu g
ks ugC xbΩ4 rqe pæek mrkj dj j[ nksxs] phtX fGj jaxghu gks tkSaxh4 phtX r
ks t,lh gT o,lh gh gT4 Vgnw7eafnj eX xS6 ;fn rqe eqlyeku gks rks i®Fj i®Fj
gh jgrk g,] D;kXfd rqégkjh vka[ ij Vgnw dk pæek ugC g,4 ;fn rqe fganw gks rks
i®Fj nsork ekyqe gksrk g, D;kXfd rqégkjh vka[ ij fganw dk pæek g,4 vxj rq
e t,u7eafnj eX xS rks egkohj dh ew√r i®Fj gh cuh jgrh g,] nso®o mleX iz
dI ugC gksrk6 rqégkjh vka[ ij t,u dk pæek ugC g,4
ekuus ls rks flGZ pæes cnyrs gT4 ekuus ds /ks[s eX er i\Luk4 tkuus dh ;k_k
djks4 tkuks rks fufæpr nso gh g,] i®Fj rks g, gh ugC4 ew√r;kX eX gh ugC] igk\
LkX eX Hh tks i®Fj g, ogka Hh nsork gh fNik g,4 tkuus ls rks ijek®ek ds vfrf
jDr vk,j dqN cprk gh ugC g,4 tkuk fd ijek®ek ds }kj [qys3gj rjG ls]
gj fn'k ls] gj vk;ke ls4 dad\L7dad\L eX ogh g,4 r1<7r1< eX ogh g,4 iy7iy
eX ogh g,4 ysfdu tkuus ls4
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u gh fy;k rks [kstksxs d,ls` vk,j rqégkjs ekuus eX l®; d,ls gks ldrk g,` Sd
{< igys rd rqégX i®Fj fn[kB i\Lrk Fk] vk,j vc rqeus eku fy;k vk,j nsor
k ns[us yxs4 ;g ns[us yxs ps‘Ok djds] ysfdu Hhrj fdlh xgjkB eX rks rqe v
c Hh tkuksxs u fd i®Fj g,2 ml Hhrj dh xgjkB dks d,ls cnyksxs` lansg rks
dgC u dgC fNik gh jgsxk] cuk gh jgsxk4 bruk gh gksxk fd Mij7Mij foæok
l gks tkSxk6 lansg xgjs eX ljd tkSxk4 ;g rks vk,j [rjk gks x;k4 lansg Mi
j7Mij jgrk] bruk gkfudj ugC Fk4 ;g rks lansg vk,j Hhrj pyk x;k] vk,j
izk<kX ds jx7js's eX lek x;k4 ;g rks rqégkjk varAdj< cu x;k4
;gh rks gqvk g,4 nqfu;k eX brus yksx gT] djks\LkX7djks\LkX yksx eafnj tkrs] ef¬tn
tkrs ] xqQ}kjk tkrs] ppZ tkrs vk,j buds Hhrj xgjk lansg Hjk g,4 BlkB vk,
j Vgnw vk,j eqlyeku lc Mij7Mij gT vk,j Hhrj lansg dh vkx ty jgh g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
vk,j og lansg †;knk lπpk g,] D;kXfd lansg rqeus Fksik ugC g,4 †;knk ¬okHkfod
g,4 vk,j rqégkjk foæokl Fksik gqvk g,] vkjksfir g,4 vkjksfir foæokl ¬okHkfod
lansg dks d,ls feIk ldsxk` vkjksfir foæokl rks uiaqld g,4 ¬okHkfod lansg v
®;ar MtkZoku g,4 fGj dk,u feIk ldrk g, ¬okHkfod lansg dks` ¬okHkfod J0
k gh feIk ldrh g, l®; lansg dks4 cy'kyh lansg dks cy'kyh J0k gh feIk l
drh g, vk,j J0k dc cy'kyh gksrh g,` rqégkjs djus ls ugC gksrh6 tkuus ls g
ksrh g,] cks/ ls gksrh g,4 rqe ns[ yks fd ijek®ek g,] rc J0k gksrh g,4 rqeus
eku fy;k] ;s rks ypj ckrX gT6 ;s rks c,lkf[;ka gT] ftuds lgkjs rqe cgqr py
pqds4
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dh ckr dgh g,4 ;gh f¬Ffr g, vf/d euq‘;rk dh4 eku7eku dj lc py jgs
gT4 va/s us eku fy;k g, fd jks'uh g,4 cl ekuk g,6 vka[ [qyh ugC g,,6 [qyh vka
[ us ns[k Hh ugC4 ;g Hh gks ldrk g, fd va/k vka[ ij pæek yxk ys4 ysfd
u va/s dh vka[ ij pæeX dk D;k ew¥; g,` vka[ gks rks pæek ns[us eX lgk;rk
Hyk dj ns6 vka[ u gks rks pæek D;k djsxk` rks cgqr7ls va/s pæes yxkS p
y jgs g,6 fGj Hh Idjkrs gT4 IdjkSaxs gh4 cgqr7ls va/kX us pæek Hh yxk fy;k
g,] gkF eX ykyIsuX Hh ys j[h gT rkfd jks'uh lkF jgs4 exj fGj Hh IdjkSa
xs4
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rqégkjh va/h vka[kX ij p\Ps gqS pæekX dh Hkafr gT4 budk dksB ew¥; ugC g, nks
dk,\Lh ew¥; ugC g,4 buls gkfu g,6 ykH rks \tjk Hh ugC4 buds dkj< vka[ ugC
[qy ikrh g,4 budh Hzkafr ds dkj< rqe dHh tkuus dh ps‘Ik eX lay≈u gh ugC
gks ikrs4
eT rqels dgrk gwaA ijek®ek dks ekuuk er4 ekuus dh tWjr ugC g,4 ijek®ek
dks ekuksxs rks fGj tkuksxs fdldks` ijek®ek dks ekuus dk eryc rks ;g gqvk
fd rqeus tkuus eX grk'k izdI dj nh] rqe gkj xS] rqeus v¬_7'¬_ Lky fnS
4 rqeus dgk] [kst lekîr gks xB6 tkuus dks rks g, ugC] ekus ysrs gT4 lwjt dks
rks ugC ekurs gks] pkan dks ugC ekurs gks6 tkurs gks4 bl lalkj dks ekurs rks
ugC] tkurs gks4 vk,j ijek®ek dks ekurs gks` ;g ekuk gqvk ijek®ek vxj rqé
gkjs tkus gqS lalkj ds lkeus ckj7ckj gkj tkrk g, rks dksB vkæp;Z rks ugC g,4
ijek®ek Hh tkuk gqvk gksuk pkfgS4 ftl fnu ijek®ek tkuk gqvk gksrk g, m
l fnu ;g lalkj Ghdk i\L tkrk g,] ek;k gks tkrk g,] liuk gks tkrk g,4
vuqHo gh laifR curh g,6 FksFs foæokl ugC4
rks eT bl dgkor eX Fks\Lk GdZ djrk gwa4 eT dgrk gwaA 8tkfuS rks nso] ugC rks
i®Fj49

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ysfdu tkuus ds fyS c\Lh ;k_k djuh vkoæ;d g,4 tkuus ds fyS vius Hhrj
c\Lh lk/ukvkX ls xqtjuk gksxk4 tkuus ds fyS vka[ ij p\Ps gqS tkykX dks dkIu
k gksxk] xykuk gksxk4 tkuus ds fyS lcls igyh rks ckr g, fd ekuh gqB ckrX
Nks\L nsuh i\LXxh 3tks fd cgqr d‘Iiw<Z g,4 D;kXfd ogh rqégkjh laink g,4 mlh ek
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j rks rqégX fuiI Wi ls vKkuh gks tkuk i\Lsxk4 blds igys fd rqe lp eX Kku
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rks vkx t,lk H; g,4 rqégX tkuk gks ets ls tkvks6 u tkuk gks rks le>ks4 ysfd
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nk ugC gksrk6 izse tkuus ls i,nk gksrk g,4 ;g dfOukB g,4 blfyS l¬rh rjdhc
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; eX eku ysxk4 Hhrj rks ekusxk Hh ugC6 Mij7Mij de ls de ekuus dk fn
[kok djsxk4 jke7uke Hhrj rks ugC tkSxk] jke7jke dh pnfj;k vks\P ysxk4
lp eX rks flj ugC >qdsxk Hxoku ds lkeus] D;kXfd ftldks ns[k ugC] ftlds
lkTn;Z dk vuqHo ugC fd;k] ogka flj d,ls >qdsxk` ftlls dHh thou eX dksB
laca/ gh ugC gqvk] ftlls dHh vka[X pkj ugC gqbΩ] ogka flj d,ls >qdsxk` exj
H; ds dkj< ?qIus dai tkSaxs vk,j vkneh fxj i\Lsxk4
H;3 l¬rh rjdhc fey xB4 vk,j l¬rh rjdhc ds dkj< lkjh euq‘;rk dks H
;Hhr dj fn;k x;k4
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kjh euq‘;7tkfr H; ls ihf\Lr g,4 blh H; ls fGj fgIyj i,nk gksrs gT] paxht i,
nk gksrs gT] r,ewj i,nk gksrs gT] fldanj i,nk gksrs gT4 blh H; ls NksIs g®;kjs] c\Ls
g®;kjs] pksj] csBeku] jktuhfrK] lc blh ls i,nk gksrs gT4
euq‘; dh Nkrh ls H; dk i®Fj gIuk pkfgS6 izse dk Gwy f[yuk pkfgS4 ysf
du izse ds lkF Sd v\Lpu g,4 izse rks rHh gksrk g, tc vka[X pkj gkX4 izse rks
tkus ls gksrk g,6 ekus ls ugC gksrk4 izse rks vuqHo ls mitrk g,6 fcuk vuqHo
ds ugC mitrk4
vk,j izse dk gh vk®;afrd vuqHo ijek®ek g,4 blfyS eT rqels ;g Hh ugC dg
rk fd ijek®ek dks izse djks6 eT rks bruk gh dgrk gwa fd rqe izse djks vk,j S
d fnu rqe ikvksxs fd izse djrs7djrs7djrs ijek®ek rqégkjs }kj ij vk x;k4
eT rqels flGZ bruk gh dgrk gwaA izse djks2 ijek®ek dks izse djks] ;g rks eT rq

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els d,ls dgwa` ;g rks rqégkjh dkukX lquh gks tkSxh4 dkukX lquh lks >wO lc] vka
[kX ns[h lkap4
eT rqels bruk gh dgrk gaw izse djks3 vius cπps dks] viuh i®uh dks] vius if
r dks] vius fe_ dkss] vius ifjokj dks] fiz;tukX dks] euq‘; dks] i'qvkX dks] if
{;kX dks] ik,/kX dks] igk\LkX dks4 tgka rd rqels cu lds] izse dks G,ykS pys tk
vks] G,ykS pys tkvks4 t,ls7t,ls rqégkjk izse G,yus yxsxk] o,ls7o,ls rqe ikvksxs] i
jek®ek dh >yd vkuh 'qW gks xB4 /hjs7/hjs /hjs7/hjs ftl fnu izse rqégkjk f
ojkI gks tkrk g,] rqe izsee; gks tkrs gks] mlh fnu rqe ikrs gks ijek®ek mrj
vk;k4 blfyS eTus dgk] HfDr izse dh gh vk®;afrd m®d"Z n'k g,4
ijek®ek dks Hwyks4 rqégkjk ijek®ek nks dk,\Lh dk g,4 rqégkjk ijek®ek H;7tü;
g,4 rqe izse dks thou eX mexkvks4 izse ¬okHkfod g,4 Fks\Lh7lh fdj< rks rqégkjs
ikl g, gh4 blh fdj< dk lgkjk id\L dj c\Prs pyks6 lwjt rd igqap tkvksxs
4 fdj< g, rks lwjt ls vkrh gksxh] lwjt Hh dgC gksxk4 vkt u fn[s] dksB gt
kZ ugC6 gtkj ehy nwj gks] dksB gtkZ ugC4 Sd7Sd dne pydj vkneh gtkj
ehy dh ;k_k dj ysrk g,4 ysfdu 'qQvkr ok¬rfod ls djks] ;FkFZ ls djks4
esjs ikl yksx vkrs gT4 os dgrs gT fd geX ifjokj ls c\Lk izse g,] blls fdlh rj
g Nq\LokSa4 eT muls dgrk gwa] bls Nq\Lokuk fdldks g,3c\Pkuk g,4 rqe Hk"k gh x
yr cksyrs gksA Nq\LokSa2 ;gh rks dqy tek vk'k g,4 rqégkjs Ôn; eX tyrk gqvk
;g NksIk7lk nh;k g, fd rqégX ifjokj ls izse g,4 vk,j rqégkjs rFkdfFr /eZxqQ
vk,j egk®ek rqégX fl[k jgs gTA bldks Nks\Lks] rc ijek®ek feysxk4 blls gh rks
dqy vk'k g,6 Fks\Lh7cgqr vk'k blh ls g,4 vxj feysxk dHh ijek®ek rks blh
ds lgkjs c\Pus ls feysxk4 ;g c\Lh /heh7lh jks'uh g, vHh] bldks c\Lk djks4 rq
égkjk ifjokj c\Lk gksus nks4
blfyS thll dgrs gTA vius nqæeu dks Hh izse djks4 D;kXfd ftl fnu rqeus nqæ
eu dks Hh izse fd;k] rqégkjk ifjokj cgqr c\Lk gks x;k4 fe_ rks jgs gh] nqæe
u Hh lféefyr gks xS4 i'qvkX7ik,/kX dks ~ ~ ~ ~blfyS egkohj dgrs gT] vVglk
4 i'q7ik,/s] os Hh thoar gT6 mudks Hh izse djks4 cq0 dgrs gT dQ<k4 ;s lc izse
ds gh uke gT4 vyx7vyx Pax ds yksxkX us vyx7vyx uke ilan fdS gT4 ysfd
u ;s lc izse dh gh vyx7vyx Hko7HafxekSa gT4 ;s izse ds gh vyx7vyx jax
gT4 ;s izse dh gh vyx7vyx vkHkSa gT4 ;s izse ds gh izfrVcc g,4 egkohj eX c
uk izfrVcc] mügkXus dgk vVglk4 mügkXus dgk] fdlh dks nqA[ er nks4 exj nqA[
rqe rHh nsus ls Qdksxs tc izse c\Ps6 ugC rks d,ls nqA[ nsus ls Qdksxs` cq0 us d
gk dQ<k] G,ykvks dQ<k dks4 thll us dgk izse4
t,ls7t,ls rqégkjk izse c\Prk tkS o,ls7o,ls rqégkjk vk,j ijek®ek ds chp dk Gkl
yk de gksrk pyk tkrk g,4 blfyS ;g rks iwNuk gh er Hwy dj Hh eq>ls d
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;k rks rqégkjs thou dh vk'k dk nhi gh cq> x;k6 fGj rqe HId xS jsfx¬rk
u eX4 og tks NksIh7lh lfjrk Fh rqégkjs thou eX >jus dh rjg] ogh Hh lw[
xB] vc rks dksB vk'k u jgh4 eT dgrk gwa] bl lfjrk dks c\Lk djks6 bl lfj
rk dks cgkvks lkxj dh rjG4 vk,j ftrus >jus blls vkdj fey tkrs gkX] lc
dks fey tkus nks3fe_kX dks Hh] '_qvkX dks Hh] euq‘;kX dks Hh] if{;kX dks Hh] i
k,/kX dks Hh] igk\LkX dks Hh] lcdks fey tkus nks] lcdks lféefyr gks tkus nks4 c
uus nks bldh c\Lh xaxk4 fGj ;g igqap tkSxh lkxj rd4
rqe tgka gks] t,ls gks] mlh ds ;FkFZ dks id\L yks] vk,j mlh ;FkFZ ds lgkjs p
y i\Lks ;g NksIk7lk /kxk] ;g NksIk7lk lw_ rqégX igqapk nsxk4 blfyS rks larkX
ds bu opukX dks ;k mifu"n dh +pkvkX dks ;k dqjku dh vk;rkX dks lw_ dgk
tkrk g,4 lw_ dk vFZ gksrk g, /kxs dh rjg gT ;s4 c\Ls eghu /kxs gT] ysfdu v
xj id\L fy;k rks igqap tkvksxs4
eTus lquk g,] Sd lezkI vius othj ij ukjkt gks x;k vk,j mlus othj dks ∂ks/
eX vkdj uxj ds ckgj Sd c\Lh ehukj ij d,n dj fn;k4 othj ds ?j ds yks
x c\Ls nqA[h Fs] jks jgs Fs4 othj us viuh i®uh dks dgk] ?c\Lk er] tc eT p
yk tkMa vk,j can dj fn;k tkMa] rks xkao eX Sd Gdhj g,] rw mlds ikl tkuk4
tc Hh dksB my>u gksrh g, eq>s3Sslh ftls eT ugC lqy>k ikrk] ftldks cqf0
ugC lqy>k ikrh] eT ml Gdhj ds ikl tkrk gwa4 og cqf0 ds vkxs x;k g,4 og
tWj dksB jk¬rk fudky ysrk g,4 og tWj dksB lw_ rq>s crk nsxk] dksB jk¬rk
cu tkSxk4 rw ?c\Lk er] jks er4
othj rks can dj fn;k x;k Maph ehukj ij] rkys t\L fnS xS4 Hw[k ejsxk] r\
Lisxk4 dwns rkss tku fudy tkSxh4 dksB ikap lk, GhI Maph ehukj g,6 dksB }kj7
njoktk ugC g,4 lc njokts can dj fnS xS6 uhps igjk yxk fn;k x;k4 i®uh
Gdhj ds ikl xB4 mls cgqr vk'k rks ugC Fh fd vc dksB jk¬rk cu ldrk
g,6 d,ls fudkysxh ifr dks` Gdhj us dgk] dksB gtkZ ugC4 rsjs ifr us dgk Fk]
eq>ls vkdj lw_ iwN ysuk] og [qn gh crk x;k g, jk¬rk4 lw_ eX rks lkjk lk
j g,4
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/eZ7ppkZ] v÷;k®e7ppkZ djus ugC vkB gwa4 esjk ifr ejus ds djhc g,] Hw[k og
ka i\Lk g,4 vki dksB jk¬rk crkbS4
ml Gdhj us dgk] rw Sslk dj] H1axh uke dk dh\Lk gksrk g,] mldks id\L ys4 m
ldh ewaNkX ij Fks\Lh 'gn yxk ns vk,j mldh iwaN eX Sd iryk /kxk cka/ ns3js
'e dk iryk /kxk4
ml i®uh us dgk] blls D;k gksxk`
mlus dgk] blls lc gks tkSxk4 vk,j tkdj ehukj ij ml H1axh dks Nks\L ns4 '
gn dh xa/ ik dj og ljduk 'qW djsxk] c\Psxk vkxs4 vk,j ewaNkX ij 'gn yxh

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g,] blfyS feyusokyh rks g, gh ugC4 Sslh rks 'gn yxh g, ewaNkX ij4 lalkj Ss
lh gh 'gn dk uke g, tks rqégkjh ewaNkX ij yxh g,4 rqe Hkxrs7fGjrs gks] xa/
vkrh pyh tkrh g,4 rqe Hkxrs7fGjrs gks4 vc rqégkjh ewaNX rqels vkxs Nykax y
xk tkrh gT4 feyuk dHh ugC gksrk6 xa/ vkrh jgrh g,4 xa/ vkrh jgrh g,] fe
yuk dHh ugC gksrk4 blfyS rks Kkfu;kX us bls ek;k dgk g,4 feyrh g,] feyr
h g,6 vc feyh] vc feyh4 feyrh dHh ugC4 igqapus ds djhc lnk jgrs gT]
ysfdu igaqprs dHh ugC gT4 eafty vkrh7vkrh yxrh g,] vkrh ugC g,4 vk,j br
us djhc ekywe i\Lrh g, fd Qd Hh ugC ldrs4 ej tkrs gT] Fd tkrs gT] exj
Qd ugC ldrs4 D;kXfd yxrk g, vc feyh6 ;g fc¥dqy ikl ls vk jgh g, xa/4
ml H1axh dh n'k le>ks4 mldh ewaN ij fcOk nh g, 'gn4 mls xa/ vkB4 nhoku
k gks x;k4 'gn dk jl] 'gn dk izse mls [Cpus yxk] og Hkxus yxkA ikl gh
g,] xa/ brus djhc ls vk jgh g,4 vk,j ewaNX vkxs ljdus yxC4 vk,j mldh iwaN
eX ca/k gqvk js'e dk /kxk ehukj ij p\Pus yxk4 Fks\Lh gh nsj eX og ehukj i
j igqap x;k4 ifr us mldks vkrs ns[k] fGj mldh iwaN eX ca/s gqS irys /kxs d
ks ns[k le> x;k] Gdhj us lw_ ns fn;k4 /kxs dks /hjs7/hjs [Cpk4 /kxs eX fGj
Sd nwljk eksIk /kxk ca/k vk;k6 fGj eksIs /kxs eX Sd lqryh ca/h vkBA
fGj lqryh eX Sd eksIh j¬lh ca/h vkB4 vk,j fGj ml j¬lh ds lgkjs othj eh
ukj ls mrj dj Hkx x;k] eqDr gks x;k4
Sslk gh g,4 Sd lw_ id\L yks4 ;g tks rqégkjs thou eX Fks\Lh7lh izse dh fdj<
g,] bls cq>k er nsuk4 blls c\Lh vk®eg®;k vk,j dksB ugC g,4 bls cq>k er nsuk
4 bldh Vunk er djuk4 ;g er dguk 'kjhfjd g,6 ;g er dguk dkeqd g,6
;g er dguk fd ;g rks lalkj dh g,4 lalkj eX rqe gks rks dqN lalkj eX gksxk
tks ijek®ek ls tks\Ls] ugC rks fGj rks dksB mik; gh ugC g,4 dksB lw_ gksxk tks
nksukssa fdukjkX dks tks\Lrk gksxk4 dksB lsrq gksxk4 lalkj eX tWj dksB Sd ckr gks
xh tks lalkj dh ugC gksxh4
bls eT nksgjkMaA ijek®ek dks ikus dh Sd gh vk'k g, fd lalkj eX dqN gks tks
x,j7lalkjh gks4 ugC rks fGj d,ls ikvksxs` dqN gks tks ;gka vkrk gks vk,j ;gka d
k u gks6 ;gka rd vkrk gks tWj vk,j ogka dk gks] ikj dk gks4 rqégkjs thou eX
izse ds vfrfjDr Sslh dksB vk,j pht ugC g,4 ;gh HDrkX dk fuosnu g,4
izse gh Sdek_ lw_ g,] ftlds lgkjs rqe /hjs7/hjs7/hjs] dne7dne] jRh7jRh]
c\Prs7c\Prs Sd fnu ijek®ek eX igqap tkvksxs4
tkfuS] ekfuS er4 vk,j tkuuk gks rks izse ds bl NksIs7ls /kxs dks idf\LS4
fljgku ds cki us dgk fd eTus rks Bæoj dk H; fl[k;k Fk4 ogC pwd gks xB4
rqégX Hh H; fl[k;k x;k g,4 vk,j H; ds vk/kj ij foæokl fl[k;k x;k g,4
rqégX igys H;Hhr fd;k tkrk g,6 fGj tc rqe H;Hhr gks tkrs gks] rqe iwNrs
gks dksB lgkjk pkfgS6 rc rqégX Bæoj dh /kj<k id\Lk nh tkrh g, fd ;s Bæo

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rks Bæoj dks ;kn djuk4 igys H; i,nk djok nsrs gT] fGj bykt id\Lk nsrs gT4
;g rks c\Lh tkylkth gks xB4 iafLr7iqjksfgr] /eZxqQ] jktusrk bl tkylkth i
j gh thrs jgs gT4
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c¥dqy Hz‘I dj nks] u‘I dj nks] tyk Lkyks] vkx dj nks] jk[ dj nks4 igys
cgqr Lj yxsxk] D;kXfd Lj rqégX fl[k;k x;k g,4 t,ls gh rqe foæokl Nks\Lksxs]
rqégkjk lkjk izk< daius yxsxk fd vc eT d,ls thMaxk Bæoj ds fcuk lgkjs4 ysf
du /hjs7/hjs rqe ikvksxs fd og >wOk fl[k;k gqvk H; g,4 H; dh Hh dksB tW
jr ugC g,4 ;g lalkj gekjk g,6 ge blds gT4 ;g vf¬r®o gekjk g,6 ge blds
gT4 bl vf¬r®o ls ge vkS gT6 ;g gekjk nqæeu ugC gks ldrk4 blh vf¬r®o
dh ge m√e;ka gT6 blh vf¬r®o dh ge rjaxX gT4 ;g lkxj g,4 vk,j ge ygjX gT
4 blls gekjk fojks/ D;k gks ldrk g,` ;g geX feIkus dks m®lqd D;kX gks ld
rk g,` ;g rks gekjk thou g,4 tks blls vkrk g,] 'qH g,4
Ssls ln.Hko ls [kst eX yx tkvks4 vk,j Sd /kxs dks id\L yks4 HDrkX us izse dk
/kxk id\Lk g,] Kkfu;kX us ÷;ku dk4 exj nksukX /kxs Sd gh /kxs ds nks uke gT
4 D;kXfd tc rqe izseiw<Z gks tkrs gks rks rqe ÷;kuiw<Z gks tkrs gks vk,j tc rqe
÷;kuiw<Z gks tkrs gks] rqe izseiw<Z gks tkrs gks4 Sd dks cqykvks] nwljk vius7vki
vk tkrk g,6 mlds lkF gh vkrk g,4 t,ls Sd xk\Lh ds nks pkd] Ssls izse vk,j ÷
;ku4
exj tkuks6 ekuuk Nks\Lks4
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jek®ek ls feyu gks tkSxk49 ysfdu eq>s vius dks feIkus eX H; yxrk g,4 vki
ds ikl jgdj Hh eq>s vius dks feIkus eX H; yxrk g,4 Îik djds le>kSa fd
eT viuk ;g H; d,ls nwj dWa`
tc eT dgrk gwa vius dks feIkvks rks rqe eq>s xyr er le> ysuk4 rqe ;g e
r le> ysuk fd rqe gks vk,j rqégX vius dks feIkuk g,4 tc eT dgrk gwa vius
dks feIkvks rks eT bruk dgrk gwaA Îik djds Hj vka[ vius dks ns[ks6 rqe ikvks
xs rqe ugC gks4 ;g g, esjk eryc vius dks feIkus dk4 vxj rqe gks rks rc rks
d,ls feIkvksxs`
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ls feI tkrk` rqe nh;k tykrs gks] dejs dk Guñpj rks ugC feI tkrk6 va/sjk
gh feIrk g, flGZ4 Guñpj rks viuh txg jgrk g,4 lp rks ;g g,] va/sjs eX f
n[kB ugC i\Lrk Fk] jks'uh eX fn[kB i\Lrk g,6 vk,j gks tkrk g,] vk,j izdI gks
tkrk g,] vk,j ¬i‘I gks tkrk g,4 va/sjk feI tkrk g,6 Guñpj rks ugC feIrk]
nhoky7njokts rks ugC feIrs4 va/sjs eX feIs ekywe gksrs Fs] jks'uh eX vk,j izdI

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gks tkrs gT] vk,j lkG gks tkrs g, fd gT6 jks'uh eX izkekf<d Wi ls gks tkrs gT4
rks nhSds tyus ij dk,u feIrk g,4
nhS ds tykus ij ogh feIrk g, tks Fk gh ugC4 vc ~ ~ ~ va/sjk feIk;k Fks\Ls
gh tkrk g,6 vxj feIkuk i\Lrk gksrk rks feIkuk eqfædy gks tkrk4 fGj rks va/s
jk Hh >a>I [\Lh djrk4 nh;k tyk ysrs vk,j va/sjk dgrk fd ugC feIrs] la?"Z
yXxs3rks >x\Lk gksrk] ;q0 eprk6 dHh7dHh nh;k Hh cq> tkrk4 va/sjk cq>k
nsrk nhS dks6 dHh 'k;n va/sjk gkj tkrk vk,j nh;k cq>k nsrk exj bruh vkl
kuh ls u feI tkrk t,ls feIrk g,4 rqeus tyk;k ugC nh;k fd va/sjk dgka x;k]
irk ugC4 Fk gh ugC4
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C6 \tjk xk,j ls ns[ks4 ml ns[us eX gh feI tkvksxs4 vk,j t,ls gh rqégX irk pyk f
d eT ugC gaw] o,ls gh rqégX irk pysxk fd ijek®ek g,4 dksB ijek®ek g®;kjk Fks\
Ls gh g, fd rqe feIksxs rc rqégX feysxk4 ;g dksB mlus 'rZ Fks\Ls gh yxk j[h
g,4 dksB Sslk lk,nk Fks\Ls gh g, fd tc rd rqe u feIksxs] tc rd rqe viuh x
nZu u dkIksxs] rc rd eT rqégX u feywaxk4 ijek®ek dksB Sslk nq‘I] Sslk dksB g
®;kjk rks ugC g,4
ugC] v\Lpu dsoy bruh gh g, fd tc rd rqe lksprs gks eT gwa] rqégkjk ;g lks
puk fd eT gwa] rqégkQ ;g ekuuk g, fd eT gwa rqégkjh vka[kX ij inkZ cu tkrk
g,4 ;g flGZ ekü;rk g,6 gks rks rqe ugC4 ;gh rks gksrk g, tc rqe ÷;ku eX 'kar
gks dj c,Ors gks vk,j Hhrj >kadrs gks] rks rqe ikrs gks fd eT gwa gh ugC6 dHh
Hh ugC Fk4 flGZ Sd Hzkafr Fh] Sd /kj<k Fh] Sd Hko ek_ Fk fd eT gwa4
tks ugC g, ogh ÷;ku eX feI tkrk g,4 tks ugC g,3ogh izse eX Hh feI tkrk g,4
tks ugC g,3ogh feIrk g,4
;g izæu iwNk g, izKk us4
iwNk g, A 8dy vkius dgk] feIks] ¬o;a dks feIkvks vk,j ijek®ek ls feyu gks t
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4 vuqHo ls djds fudy ldrs gT4 de mez eX Hh fudy ldrs gT4 vxj vuqHo
cgqr cks/iwoZd gks rks Sd vuqHo dkGh gksrk g, Sd pht ls eqDr gks tkus ds
fyS4 Sd ckj ∂ks/ dj fy;k vk,j vxj ø;fDr eX le> gks iwjh] rks Sd gh ∂ks
/ i;kZîr g,] fGj nqckjk ∂ks/ u djsxk4 fGj nqckjk D;k djuk g,] ogh7ogh D;k
djuk2 ns[ fy;k] tku fy;k] dqN ik;k ugC6 ckr [®e gks xB4
ew\P vkneh iquQfDr djrk g,4 le>nkj Sd Hh vuqHo ls eqDr gks tkrk g,4 ysf
du bruk le>nkj dksB Hh dHh ugC gqvk g, fd fcuk vuqHo ds eqDr gks tkS
4 bls rw [;ky eX j[ ysuk4 Sd vuqHo ls eqDr gks tkS] Ssls le>nkj yksx gq
S gT4 cgqr vuqHo ls Hh eqDr u gks ikSa] Ssls ew\P cgqr gT4 mügC dks iyIw 8xao
kj9 dg jgs gT3vtgwa psr xaokj4 iyIw ;g ugC dg jgs gT fd igys fnu gh psr
tkvks4 iyIw dg jgs gT] vc rks psrks2 brus vuqHo ds ckn vc rks psrks2 exj
vxj vuqHo gh u gqvk gks rks bruk cqf0eku dksB Hh ugC g, fd psr tkS4
de ls de Sd vuqHo rks vfuok;Z g,4 vlkj dks tkuus ds fyS Hh vlkj dk
vuqHo vfuok;Z g,4
rks eu ls neu dh /kj<kSa Nks\Lks4 eu dks lgt vk,j ljy cukvks4 ugC rks ;g
fojks/kHkl ?Irk g,4
;gka tks yksx esjs ikl gT] mueX tks lokZf/d xfreku gks jgs gT] os gh yksx gT f
tuds eu eX dksB nfer /kj<kSa ugC g,6 ftuds eu eX iki dk dksB [;ky gh
ugC g, fd ;g iki] ;g iki] ;g iki] Sslk fd;k rks iki gks x;k vk,j vijk/
Hko6 ftuds eu eX dksB iki dh /kj<k ugC g,6 tks c\Lh ljy7fpRrk ls thou
ds vuqHo eX mrjus dks jkth gT3fcuk fdlh iwoZ /kj<k ds] iwokZxzg ds4 mudh
eqfDr fudI g,4 os c\P jgs gT4 vk,j tks cgqr /kj<kvkX ls Hjs gqS gT fd Sslk fd
;k rks xyr6 igys ls gh ekudj c,Os gT] tkurs gT ugC fd D;k xyr] D;k lgh]
exj /kj<kSa etcwr id\Ls c,Os gT3 Ssls ftYh vk,j gOh vk,j nfer yksxkX dh es
js ikl dksB fodkl dh laHkouk ugC g,4

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rqégkjs thou eX ;gka ∂kafr ?I ldrh g,] exj Sd 'rZ rqégX iwjh djuh i\Lsxh4
og 'rZ g,A vius dpjk fl0karkX dks Sd rjG j[ks4 ugC rks ogh dpjk fl0kar
rqégkjs flj dks [krs jgXxs4 ÷;ku djksxs vk,j oklukSa mOXxh4 bruk gh oklukSa
dg jgh gT fd igys geX iwjk rks djks4 os viuh ekax ekax jgh gT4 os dgrh gT]
igys gekjk Hh rks nsuk pqdkvks] gekjk +< rks iwjk djks4 +< iwjk djds fGj
pys tkuk] Ohd4 +< fcuk gh pqdkS~ ~ ~4
vk,j [;ky j[uk] tks ø;fDr oklukvkX ls xqtj dj oklukvkX ls eqDr gksrk g,]
mlds thou eX Sd le1f0 gksrh g,] vk,j tks ø;fDr oklukvkX ls fdlh rjg ls
cpdj fudyuk pkgrk g,] mlds thou eX Sd nhurk gksrh g,] Lj gksrk g,4 Lj
rks jgsxk gh fGj] D;kXfd og ges'k H;Hhr jgsxk fd fGj dksB okluk u id\
L ys4
cq0 ds firk dks †;ksfrf";kX us dgk Fk cq0 ds tüe ij fd ;g ø;fDr laü;klh
gks tkSxk ;k p∂orñ lezkI4 cq0 ds firk Lj xS4 vk,j mügkXus dgk fd dqN j
k¬rk crkvks fd ;g laü;klh u gks ikS4 iafLr Fs] iqjkus Pj∆ ds iafLr jgs gkXxs6
mügkXus dgkA Sslk djks fd bldks e1®;q dk dksB vuqHo u gks] vk,j blds fyS f
truh lqanjre f¬_;ka fey ldX] blds ikl bdØh dj nks4 cpiu ls gh bldks j
kx7jax eX iyus nks4 bldks fc¥dqy lq[7o,Ho eX iyus nks4 bldks nqA[] gksus gh
er nks4 bldks irk gh er pyus nks fd thou eX nqA[ gksrk g,] ek,r gksrh g,] f
d dksB vkneh cw\Pk gksrk g,4 ;gka rd mügkXus dgk fd blds cxhps eX dksB Gwy
dqégykS ugC] ugC rks ;g lkspsxk fd ;g Gwy dqégyk D;kX x;k` vk,j dgC ml
h ls laü;kl dk Hko i,nk gks tkS2 dksB iRk lw[k gqvk blds cxhps eX u cps4
bldks fNik dj j[ks4 blds fyS lqanjre egy cuokvks4
rks firk us o,lk gh fd;k4 lqanj egy cuokS] vyx7vyx +rqvkX ds fyS vy
x7vyx egy cuokS4 lkjs jk†; dh lqanj ;qofr;ka bdØh dj nC4 cq0 cpiu
ls gh c\Ls lq[ eX ikys xS4 vk,j ogh laü;kl dk dkj< gks x;k4 mlh dkj< laü
;¬r gqS] ugC rks ugC gksrs4 vxj lk/kj< thou eX xqtjs gksrs rks 'k;n u gks
ikrs6 'k;n vk,j nks7pkj tüe yxrs4 exj bruk ?uk lq[ feyk3vk,j lq[ u f
eyk4 lqanjre f¬_;ka feyC3vk,j dqN lkTn;Z dk vuqHo u gqvk4 t¥nh gh Mc x
S4 okluk ls xqtj xS] rsth ls xqtj xS4 dqN vk,j jgk u okluk eX6 lc ns[
fy;k 6 dqN ik;k ugC4 lc lq[7o,Ho ns[ fyS4 t¥nh gh] toku gh Fs] rHh o,
jk≈; dk mn; gqvk6 rHh ?j Nks\L dj taxy pys xS4
vxj cq0 ds firk us mu iafLrkX ls fGj iwNk gksxk fd dgka Hwy7pwd gks xB rks
mügkXus crk;k gksxk fd vki iwjh ø;o¬Fk ugC dj ikS4 ;g jk¬rs ij fudyrk
Fk] blus Sd chekj vkneh ns[ fy;k4 Sslh dgkuh g, gh4 jk¬rs ij fudyrk
Fk] blus Sd eqn∆ dh yk' ns[ yh4 ;g ugC gksuk Fk4 blls eu eX izæu mOus

vtgw psr xaokj
yxs fd thou lekîr gks tkSxk4 blls ;g pyk x;k4 vki iwjk bartke ugC d
j ikS] t,lk geus dgk Fk4
vk,j esjk ekuuk g, fd muds bartke ds dkj< gh cq0 xS4
blhfyS thou ds lkjs vuqHo ls xqtj tkuk eqfDr dk mik; g,4 cq0 ds cq0®o
eX mu iafLrkX dk c\Lk gkF jgk3vutkus4 cq0 ds firk dk c\Lk gkF jgk3vu
tkus4 mügkXus rks dqN vk,j pkgk Fk6 dqN gks x;k4 lc ns[ fy;k cq0 us] tks la
lkj ns ldrk Fk4 t¥nh gh ns[ fy;k4 iπphl lky ds gqS Fs rHh lc lq[7Hks
x ns[ fyS4 tks vkneh ipgRj rd Hh lksprk gh jgrk g,] os iπphl eX ns[
gh fyS] os [®e gh gks xS4 vc dqN cpk gh ugC4 iπphl eX o10 gks xS cq0
3mrus o10 ftruk vkneh ipgRj eX gksrk g,4
Vgnw dgrs gT] ipgRj lky eX vkneh dks laü;klh gksuk pkfgS6 cq0 iπphl lky
eX laü;klh gks xS4 D;kXfd lk/kj< Vtnxh eX lq[ brus †;knk Fks\Ls gh feyrs gT
] brus bdØs Fks\Ls gh feyrs gT] Fksd Fks\Ls gh feyrs gT] GqIdj7GqIdj vkrs gT]
ipgRj lky yx tkrs gT vkrs7vkrs4 cq0 dh Vtnxh eX Fksd eX vkS6 bdØs fxj
xS4 iπphl lky eX lc iwjk gks x;k4
rqe esjs vkJe eX gks rks [;ky j[ks] eT neu dk i{ikrh ugC gwa4 eT vuqHo d
k i{ikrh gwa4 tks oklukSa rqégkjs eu eX ckj7ckj mO vkrh gkX] mügX iwjk gh dj
yks4 dqN okluk ls bruk ?c\Lkuk D;k g,` lhf\P;ka gT] p\P tkvks4 gka] lhf\P;kX
dh id\L eX er vk tkuk4 lhf\P;ka fdldks id\Lrh gT` rqe er id\Luk lhf\P;kX
dks] cl4 lhf\P;kX us fdlh dks dHh id\Lk gks] Sslk eTus lquk ugC4 rks lhf\P;kX
ls D;k ?cjkuk` j[ yks i,j] p\P tkvks4 xqtj tkvks4 eafnj eX igqap tkvksxs4
okluk dh lhf\P;kX ls p\Pdj gh dksB izkFZuk rd igqaprk g,4 vk,j fopkj dh lhf\
P;ka p\Pdj gh dksB fu√opkj rd igqaprk g,4 vk,j lalkj ijek®ek rd tkus dk
vk;kstu g,] pquk,rh g,4
Nks\Lks fojks/4 Nks\Lks neu4 Nks\Lks udkj4
iwNk g, izKk usA 8vki vk,j lHh lar ;gh dgrs gT~ ~ ~49 vk,j lHh larkX dk eq>s
irk ugC] D;kXfd rqégkjs lHh larkX eX cgqr rks lar gT gh ugC4 rqégkjs lk, larkX
eX Sdk/ lar gksrk g,] fuü;kucs rks rqe t,ls gh Q≈< vk,j rqels Hh †;knk egkQ
≈< gksrs gT4 exj mu fuü;kucs dh Hk"k rqégX le> vkrh g,] D;kXfd os rqégkjh
jksx dh Hk"k cksyrs gT4 vk,j og tks Sd g,] mldh Hk"k rqégX le> eX ugC vk
rh4 mügC Fks\Ls ls Sd7Sd lar dks pqudj eT cksy jgk gwa muds Mij] rkfd rqé
gX NkaI dj crk nwa fd fdrus lar gT4 vlar rks cgqr gT] blfyS mudh la“;k fx
uuk Hh Ohd ugC4 larkX ij cksyrk tk jgk gwa4 lar cgqr †;knk ugC4 rqégkjs lH
h lar lar ugC gT] vk,j izKk ds lHh lar rks gks gh ugC ldrs4 blds rks lk, gh
lar Q≈< vk,j fof{îr gkXxs4 bldks rks ogh yksx lar ekywe i\LXxs tks Q≈< vk,j f

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of{îr gkXxs4 D;kXfd bldk fpR] blds lkspus dk Pax] bldh fopkj7i0fr] bl
ds rdZ dh J1a[yk3neu dh g,] 'jhj7fojks/h g,] lalkj7fojks/h g,4
8vki vk,j lHh lar ;gh dgrs gT fd eu ls eqDr gks tkus ij ø;fDr dks ijek®
ek ds utnhd tkus eX ljyrk gksrh g,49
eu ls eqDr gks tkus ij ljyrk ugC gksrh6 eu ls eqDr gqS fd igqap xS4 vc
vk,j D;k ljyrk` vc D;k dfOurk cph` eu ls eqDr gqS fd tkuk tkrk g, f
d ge lnk ls ijek®ek eX gh Fs4 eu dks id\L fy;k Fk] blfyS Hwy7HId gqB
tk jgh Fh4
8ysfdu eu ls eqDr gksuk vlaHo7lk yxrk g,49
vlaHo jgsxk gh] izKk4 ftl Pax ls rw eqDr gksuk pkgrh g,] gks ugC ikSxh4 ft
l Pax ls rwus eqDr gksuk pkgk g,] dksB dHh ugC eqDr gksrk4 ftl Pax ls rw eqD
r gksuk pkgrh g, ml rjg ls yksx fof{îr gksrs gT] eqDr ugC gksrs4 foeqfDr dk
;g ekxZ ugC g,3fof{îrrk dk ekxZ g,4
eu ls eqDr gksuk vlaHo g,] vxj vuqHo u gks4 eu dks vuqHo djuk gh gksxk
4 eu ds nqA[kX ls xqtjuk gh gksxk4 eu ds lq[kX dks tkapuk gh gksxk4 varrA ik;
k tkrk g, fd eu eX dksB lq[ ugC g,6 lc nqA[ gh nqA[ g,4 exj ;g rks varrA
ik;k tkrk g,4 ;g igyh ?\Lh ugC g,4
Vtnxh eX [;ky j[ks] Vtnxh dqN Sslh ugC g,] dqath dh fdrkc ugC g,] xf<r
dh fdrkc ugC g,] ftleX lkeus izæu fy[s gksrs gT vk,j myIk dj ns[ks rks ihNs
mRj fy[s gksrs gT4 NksIs7NksIs cπps Sslk dj ysrs gT4 t¥nh ls ns[ fy;k mRj6
vc mRj Hh ekywe g,] izæu Hh ekywe g,] exj chp dh fof/ ekywe ugC g,4
vc c\Lh >a>I eX i\Ls4 vc lc ekywe g, mügX] tks Hh tWjh g,4 izæu Hh ekywe
g,] mRj Hh ekywe g, vk,j chp dh fof/ dk dksB irk ugC g,4 vc lh\Ph yxkus
dh eqfædy gks xB4 Ohd mRj Hh csdkj g,4 D;k djksxs bl mRj dk`
;g mRj rqégkjh gh fof/ ls vkuk pkfgS] rks gh mRj g,4 mRj pqjkS ugC tk
ldrs gT4 Vtnxh dh bl ikO'kyk eX udy ugC dh tk ldrh4
rqégkjs lkeus dksB ln.xqQ Hh c,Ok gks rks Hh rqe mlds mRjkX ls dke ugC pyk
ldrs4 rqégX vius mRj [kstus gh i\LXxs4 ijek®ek rqégkjh futrk dk leknj d
jrk g,4 rqe tc rd u ikvksxs rc rd ikS gqS u ekus tkvksxs4
rks Ssls rks vlaHo g,] vxj Lj7Lj dj pyks vk,j eu dk tks d¥iuk7tky g, m
ldk vuqHo u djks4 vuqHo dj yks rks fc¥dqy ljy g,4 vlaHo dh ckr gh N
ks\Lks] fc¥dqy ljy g,4 blls ljy vk,j dksB pht ugC g,] D;kXfd eu ds vuqHo
dHh Hh] dgC Hh lq[ dks rks ykrs gh ugC4 blfyS my> rks dksB ldrk gh u
gC6 nsj vcsj ckgj fudy gh vkrk g, vkneh4 fdruh nsj e1x7efjfpdk eX m
y>ksxs] vxj liuk gh g, rks tkxuk gh i\Lsxk4 fdruh gh nsj lius dks ns[ks] r1fî
r rks ugC gksxh4

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Sslk le>ks fd Sd vkneh jkr lks;k] mls Hw[ yxh fnu eX miokl fd;k g,]
jkr lks;k] Hw[ yxh g, vk,j og liuk ns[ jgk g, fd jktegy eX fuea_< gqv
k g,] Hkstu ds fyS c,Ok g,] c\Ls ¬okfn‘I Hkstu cus gT] [wc Hkstu dj jgk g,]
djrk gh tk jgk g,2 ysfdu blls Hh rks dksB r1fîr rks gksusokyh ugC g,4 lqcg
tc vka[ [qysxh rks ikSxk Hw[k dk Hw[k g,4
Ssls eu ds lq[ gT4 tc vka[ [qyrh g, rks ik;k tkrk g,] cl [;kyh7iqyko Fs6
dgC dqN lπpkB u Fh4 muls u r1fîr gksrh g, u iks"< gksrk g,4 exj muls xqt
juk gksrk g,4 dqN vfuok;Z izf∂;k g,4
rhu lhf\P;ka gT euq‘; dhA 'jhj] eu] vk®ek4 vk,j rc pk,Fh n'k g,A rqjh;4 i
yIw dgrs gT u fd rqfj;k eX p\Pdj c,O x;k gwa vk,j rqfj;k dks gh csp jgk gwa2
og pk,Fh vo¬Fk g,A ijek®ek4 'jhj ls vxj cpdj fudyuk pkgk rks eqfædy
gks tkSxh6 eu rd u igqap ikvksxs4 eu ls vxj cpdj fudyuk pkgk rks vk
®ek rd u igaqp ikvksxs4 vk,j vxj vk®ek ls cpdj fudyuk pkgk rks ijek®e
k rd u igqap ikvksxs4
'jhj ij p\Pks fgéer ls6 'jhj ds ekfyd cuks4 'jhj ls Ljus dh dksB tWjr
ugC g,4 bl ?ks\Ls ij yxke yxkB tk ldrh g,4 exj Ljdj c,Oks gh er ?ks\Ls i
j] rks rqe blds dHh ekfyd u cu ldksxs4 'jhj ij p\Pks4 'jhj dh lh\Ph ij
i,j j[ks] eu dh Hh lh\Ph ij i,j j[ks4 eu cgqr7lh oklukvkX ds tky fn[kr
k g,4 mleX pqu yks] cgqr7lh oklukSa ugC gT4 vxj cgqr xk,j ls ns[ksxs rks maxf
y;kX ij fxuh tk ldX] Sslh oklukSa gT4 fdruh cgqr7lh oklukSa gT` pwafd ne
u djrs gks] blfyS Sd gh okluk gtkj7gtkj WikX eX izdI gksrh g,` vxj m
ldks Hksx gh yks] lekîr gks tkrh g,4
eu ls p\Pks rks vk®ek feyrh g,4
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g,4 bueX ls dB yksx /k√ed le>s tkrs gT4 vIds gT 'jhj eX3miokl djuk] ¬u
ku djuk] tusM] vk,j ;g vk,j og3vk,j lc 'jhj dk gh xksj[/a/k g,4 xaxk t
kSaxs] rhFZ;k_k djXxs6 exj 'jhj ls ikj ugC gT4 'w– Nw nsxk rks ¬uku djuk i\Ls
xk4 'jhj dh gh cqf0 g,6 t,ls 'jhj gh lc dqN g,4 [wc f?l7f?l dj 'jhj /
ksrs jgXxs4 exj blls dqN Hhrj dh ¬oπNrk ugC vkrh4 viuk Hkstu [qn gh c
ukdj djXxs] D;kXfd nwljs ds NqS Hkstu eX dgC dqN v'qf0 gks tkS2 exj Hkst
u 'jhj eX tkrk g,6 'jhj ds ikj ugC tkrk4
dqN yksx gT tks eu eX my>s gT4 mudh >a>I ;gh g, fd okluk ls d,ls NwIX] fo
pkj ls d,ls NwIX] o1fR ls d,ls NwIX4 D;kXfd iratfy rks dg xS] fpRo1fR7fujks/]
rks gh ;ksx gksxk4 rks ;g fpRo1fR dk fujks/ d,ls gks` os ogC my>s gT4 os Q≈
< gksrs tkrs gT] fof{îr gksrs tkrs gT] ixykrs tkrs gT4 fdlh rjg ckgj rks la;
e cka/7cka/dj [\Lk dj ysrs gT] ysfdu Hhrj vkx tyrh g, vla;e dh4

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dqN yksx ogka ls Hh ikj gks tkrs gT rks vk®ek eX vId tkrs gT4 rks eT7Hko eX
vId tkrs gT] vk®ek eX vId tkrs gT] rks vgadkj eX vId tkrs gT4
mlls Hh tks ikj gksrk g, og ijek®ek eX igqaprk g,4
;s rhu lhf\P;ka gT thou dh] buds ikj gksuk g,4 bu rhukX lhf\P;kX ds ikj izHq d
k eafnj g,4 exj vuqHo ls gh ikj gks ldrk g, dksB4 p\Pdj gh xqtj dj gh i
kj gks ldrk g, dksB4
H; er djks3thou dk H; er djks4 thou 'qH g,4 thou ds lc Wi 'qH gT4
bu lHh WikX eX ltx Hko ls xqtjks4
vc izKk dgrh g, fd 8ckj7ckj oklukSa mOrh gT4 vk,j cgqr lko/kuh j[dj
Fks\Lk gks' vkrk g, fd fGj7fGj eu d¥iukvkX eX cgus yxrk g,49
;g tks cgqr lko/kuh j[dj Fks\Lk gks' vkrk g,] ;g tcjn¬rh yk;k x;k gks'
g,4 ;g nks dk,\Lh dk g,] bldk dksB ew¥; ugC g,4 gks' vuqHo ls vkuk pkfgS4
gks' lgt gksuk pkfgS4 dchj dgrs gTA lgt lekf/ Hyh4 ps‘Ik dj7djds fd
lh rjg ykS rks og {<Hj gh fIdsxk4 og Sslk gh gksxk t,ls fd eT rqels dgwa
fd Gyka vkneh dks izse djks vk,j rqe ps‘Ik djds dj Hh yks izse] rks fdruh
nsj fIdusokyk g,` \tjk Hwys fd fGj~ ~ ~4 izse gksxk rks fIdsxk4 ps‘Ik djus ls
d,ls vkSxk` Ssls gh izse Hh ugC vkrk ps‘Ik ls] Ssls gh ÷;ku Hh ugC vkrk ps‘
Ik ls4 vk,j ;g ps‘Ik Hh H; ds dkj< py jgh g, fd dgC okluk u vk tkS]
rks ps‘Ok djds lko/kuh j[ks rks y\LkB py jgh Hhrj7Hhrj4 okluk vk,j ÷;k
u eX y\LkB py jgh g,4 okluk vk,j ÷;ku eX vxj y\LkB djokvksxs rks okluk
thrsxh] ÷;ku ugC thr ikSxk4
;g Sslk gh g, t,ls fd dksB Gwy vk,j i®Fj eX y\LkB djokS rks i®Fj thrsxk]
Gwy ugC thr ldrk4 gkykafd Gwy Maph vo¬Fk g, vk,j i®Fj uhph vo¬Fk g,]
ysfdu ;g [;ky j[uk fd tc Hh rqe uhpkB7MapkB eX y\LkB djokvksxs] uh
pkB thrsxh] MapkB ugC thrsxh4 D;kXfd MapkB dksey gksrh g,6 Gwy t,lh gksrh
g,4
thou eX {q–rkvkX ls fojkIrkvkX dks er y\Lokuk4 yØ ysdj flrkj ls er tw>
tkuk6 ugC rks yØ thrsxk] flrkj gkj tkSxk4 vk,j bldk ;g eryc ugC g,
fd flrkj detksj g,4 bldk bruk gh eryc g, fd flrkj Js‘O g,] Mapk g,] lw
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ka feIdj vkuk i\Lrk g,4
8[kyk dk ?j ukVg] lhl tc /j, mrkjh49
bldh 'rZ g, vk,j 'rZ c\Lh vthc g, fd 'h' dks ckgj gh j[ vkvks4 eafnj eX
vxj 'h' dks ysdj vk xS rks rqe vkS gh ugC4 'h' dks ckgj gh j[ vkS]
lhf\P;kX ij] rks gh vkS4
8gkF7ikao dfI tk;] dj, uk lar djkjh4
lc feI tkS] 'h' dI tkS] gkF7i,j dI tkS] fGj cprk D;k g,`
Fks\Lk le>ks4 'h' dk vFZ gksrk g, A Vpru] fopkj4 og tks rqégkjs flj eX py
rh jgrh g, vuar /kjk fopkjkX dh] og feI tkS4 vk,j gkF7i,j dk D;k vFZ g,

vtgw psr xaokj
`3og tks djus dh vkrqjrk fd dqN dWa] dqN djds fn[k nwa] fd dqN cu tk
Ma fd dqN gks tkMa4 gkF vk,j i,j3rqégkjh xfr vk,j Î®;4 rks drkZ dk Hko rq
égkjs gkFkX eX g,4 rqégkjs thou dh xfr] rqégkjs thou dh nk,\L] dqN gks tkus dk
Hko] rqégkjs i,jkX eX g,4 vk,j rqégkjs flj eX fopkj38d,ls gks tkMa] D;k gks tkMa
] d,lk vk;kstu dWa] d,lk xf<r fcOkMa`9 brus gh rks rqe gks4 rqégkjs thou
dh lkjh dFk bruh gh rks g,4 D;k rqe lksprs jgrs gks` d,ls /u c\Ps` d,ls e
dku c\Ps`d,ls izfr‘Ok c\Ls rqe D;k lksprs gks] D;k djrs gks`
lar rks ogh g, ftldk flj Hh dI tkS] gkF7i,j Hh dI tkS4 lar rks ogh g,
ftldks drkZ dh dksB n1f‘I gh u jg tkS4 drkZ rks Sd gh g, ijek®ek4 djrk
iqQ"2 Sd gh drkZ g,4 ge ukgd gh ;g naH djrs gT fd ge drkZ gT4
8gkF7ikao dfI tk;] dj, u lar djkjh49
lc feI tkS] gksus dh ;g nk,\L feI tkS] dqN u cps] 'wü; gks tkS6 ysfdu dks
B djkj ugC i,nk gksrk] dksB djkg i,nk ugC gksrh] u dksB budkj i,nk gksrh g,
4 tks Hh gks] lar ¬ohdkj djrk g,6 budkj djrk gh ugC4 og dgrk g, A ;gh
rsjh ejth ] ;gh gks] Sslk gh gks2
fny jgs ;k u jgs t“e HjX ;k u HjX
pkjk7lktkX dh [q'ken eq>s eatwj ugC4
fny jgs ;k u jgs] ;g cpwa ;k u cpwa] ;g Vtnxh cps ;k u cps ~ ~ ~8t“e HjX
;k u HjX] pkjk7lktkX dh [q'ken eq>s eatwj ugC9 ~ ~ ~ysfdu o,|kX dh [q'ken
u djus tkMaxk fd eq>s cpkvks] fd ;s esjs ?ko Hj nks4 eT dksB vk,"f/;ka u
[kstwaxk thou dks pykS j[us dh4 eT ?kokX ds fyS dksB eyge ryk' djus u
tkMaxk4
fnu jgs ;k u jgs] t“e HjX ;k u HjX
pkjk7lktkX dh [q'ken eq>s eatwj ugC4
ftldks vkf[jh pkjk7lkt fey x;k] ftldks vlyh o,| fey x;k] ftldks ij
ek®ek fey x;k] vc rks mlds gkF ls yxs gqS ?ko Hh dey ds Gwy gks tkrs
gT4
8†;kT7†;kT ykx, ?ko] rsgqa7rsgqa dne pyko,4
lwjk ju ij tk;] cgqjh u ft;rk vko,449

vtgw psr xaokj
vk,j t,ls7t,ls ?ko c\Prs gT3;g rks myIk xf<r dg jgk gwa rqels3t,ls7t,ls ?ko
c\Prs gT ~ ~ ~8†;kT7†;kT ykx, ?ko] rsgqa7rsgqa dne pyko,9 ~ ~ ~HDr o,ls7o,ls vk,j
nk,\Lk dj c\Prk g, ijek®ek dh rjG] vk,j xfr ls c\Prk g,4 t,ls7t,ls ?ko yx
rs gT2 rqe dgksxs] ikxy gks` og rks iyIw us igys gh ¬ohdkj dj fy;k4 8iyIw
c\Ls csdwG os] vkfld gksus tkVg4 lhl mrkj, gkF ls] lgt vkfldh ukVg449 o
g rks eku gh fy;k iyIw us fd ge rks ikxy gT] ikxykX dh ckrX dj jgs gT vk,
j ikxy gh lquX vk,j ikxy gh bl ij pyX4 gksf';kjkX dk dke lalkj eX g,4 gksf
';kj /u bdØk djX] edku cukSa] ifjokj c\PkSa4 gksf';kj lc bdØk djX vk,j
Sd fnu ej tkSa vk,j dqN gkF u yxs4 ikxy os tks lc yqIk nX vk,j lc ik
yX4 ikxy ;kuh tqvkjh6 nqdkunkj ugC4
8†;kT7†;kT ykx, ?ko] rsgqa7rsgqa dne pyko,49
;g Hh dksB ckr gqB fd t,ls7t,ls ?ko c\Prs gT] dne vk,j rsth ls i\Lus yxrs
gT] D;kXfd gj ?ko mldh gj Îik dk lcwr g,4 gj ?ko bruk gh dgrk g, fd
og rqégX 'q0 djus dks yx x;k4 gj ?ko bruk gh dgrk g, fd mlus rqégX feI
kuk 'qW dj fn;k4 gj ?ko u;k /ü;okn i,nk dj tkrk g,4
8†;kT7†;kT ykx, ?ko] rsgqa7rsgqa dne pyko,
t,ls 'wjohj tkrk g, ;q0 ij] rks x;k4 lc lsrq rks\Ldj vkrk g, ?j ls4 yk,Ius
dh r,;kjh j[dj ugC vkrk4 yk,Ius dh fIdI dh r,;kjh j[dj ugC tkrk4 x;
k rks x;k4 tgka ls tkrk g,] x;k4
lalkj eX yk,Ius dk Hko ugC g, HDr dk4 Hxoku feIk ns] ?ko ekjs] rks Hh Oh
d4 vk,j lalkj eX izfr‘Ok feys rks Hh Ohd ugC4
8lwjk ju ij tk;] cgqfj u ft;rk vko,49
vk,j ;g dqN Sslk ;q0 g, HDr vk,j Hxoku ds chp ~ ~ ~4 lalkj ds ;q0 eX] la
lkj ds lk/kj< ;q0kX eX rks cgknqj Hh dHh yk,I vkrk g,] thr dj yk,I vkrk
g,4 gkj dj rks dHh ugC yk,Ik] ej tkSxk6 exj thr tkSxk rc rks yk,I vk
Sxk4 exj ;g tks Hxoku vk,j HDr ds chp tks l?"Z gksrk ] bleX HDr dHh
ugC yk,Irk3yk,Irk gh ugC4 x;k rks x;k4 t,ls unh mrj tkrh g, lkxj eX vk,
j [ks tkrh g,] fGj yk,Idj Fks\Ls gh vkrh g,4
8lwjk ju ij tk;] cgqfj u ft;rk vko,4

vtgw psr xaokj
iyIw Ssls ?j egT c\Ls ejn ts tkVg4
blfyS iyIw dgrs gT] ikxy gksvks rks pyuk] enZ gksvks rks pyuk4 fgéer gks]
ek,r dks vaxhdkj dj ysus dk lkgl gks rks pyuk4 c\Ls ejn ts tkVg2
lk/kj<rA rqe lksprs gks] HfDr detksjkX dh ckr g,4 lk/kj<rA rqe lksprs gks
fd ;g rks detksj vk,j dkfgykX dk ekeyk g,4 ftuls dqN ugC curk] tks Vt
nxh eX ugC tw> ikrs] ftudh Vtnxh eX dksB id\L ugC g,] Vtnxh eX gkj xS gT
] ijkftr gT3;s eafnjkX eX izkFZuk djrs gT4 ;g detksj] dkfgy] lq¬r] nhukX dh
ckr g,4
ugC] HfDr ls c\Lk lkgl vk,j dqN Hh ugC g,] D;kXfd vius dks iwjk nkao ij y
xkuk i\Lrk g,4 yk,Idj vkus dk dksB ekxZ gh ugC cprk4 bl izse dh vf≈u eX
tks x;k iraxk] og ty gh tkrk g,4
foæo eX lcls ogh gT ohj
g, ftügkXus vki vius dks x\Pk
vk,j os Kkuh vxe xaHhj
g, ftügkXus vki vius ls i\Pk4
;g HfDr rks rqégkjs Hhrj ijek®ek dks x\Pus dh izf∂;k g,4 ;g HfDr rks rqégk
js Hhrj fNis gqS ije 'k¬_ dks i\Pus dh izf∂;k g,4 ;g c\Ls lkgfl;kX dk dke
g,4 detksj yksx m/kj ls dke pyk ysrs gT6 nwljkX dh fdrkcX i\P ysrs gT] vius
Hhrj fNih fdrkc dks i\Prs gh ugC4 nwljkX us tks dgk g, ijek®ek ds laca/ eX
] eku ysrs gT4 [qn ns[us tkrs gh ugC4 nfj;k ns[s tkfuS ~ ~ ~4 vk,j ns[dj gh
tkuuk pkfgS4 tkuuk rHh tc viuh vka[ ls ns[k gks4 fGj tks Hh nkao ij
yxs] yx tkS4
8lwjk ju ij tk;] cgqfj u ft;rk vko,
;g tks ijek®ek dk ?j g,] ;g tks ijek®ek dk eafnj g,] enk˜ ds fyS g,] nq¬l
kgfl;kX ds fyS g,4

vtgw psr xaokj

ys py] gka e>/kj eX ys py] lkfgy7lkfgy D;k tkuk
esjh dqN ijokg u dj] eT [waxj gwa rwGkukX dk4
HDr rks dgrk g, fd fdukjs7fdukjs yxkdj D;k uk,dk dks pyuk2
ys py] gka e>/kj eX ys py] lkfgy7lkfgy D;k tkuk2
;g Hh dksB tkuk g,3gksf';kjh7gksf';kjh vk,j prqjkB vk,j xf<r vk,j fglkc2 f
glkc7fglkc eX gh ca/s Hh dksB tkuk gksrk g,2
ys py] gka ea>/kj eX ys py] lkfgy7lkfgy D;k tkuk
esjh dqN ijokg u dj] eT [waxj gwa rwGkukX dk4
ftlus ijek®ek ds rwGku dks >syus dh r,;kjh fn[yk nh] vc lc rwGku NksIs
gT4 vc ea>/kj eX uk,dk ys tkB tk ldrh g,4 vc rks Lwc tkus eX Hh etk g,4
vc rks Lwc tkus eX gh etk g,4
8yxu egwjr >wO lc] vk,j fcxk\LT dke49
c\Lh î;kjh ckrX gT] iyIw dg jgs gT4 dgrs gT fd ;g izse ds fyS dksB yxu egw
jr er ns[uk] dksB †;ksfr"h ls iwNus er pys tkuk fd dc djX izse] dc djX
izkFZuk] fd cz‰7eqgwrZ eX djX fd jkr djX fd lka> djX] fd la÷;k dc gksuh pkf
gS] fdl iafLr7iqjksfgr dks cqyk dj djX] dk,u7lh iwtk6 fdl fof/ ls djX4 fof
/7fo/ku eX er i\L tkuk4
izse dh fof/ Sd gh g, A 8lhl mrkj, gkF ls] lgt vkfldh ukVg49 Sd gh] fo
f/ g, A 8iyIw c\Ls csdwG os] vkfld gksus tkVg49 ikxy gksus dh r,;kjh pkfgS]
vk,j dksB fof/ ugC pkfgS4
8yxu egwjr >wO lc9 ~ ~ ~4 rks iafLr7iqtkfj;kX ds pDdj eX er i\L tkuk4 Hf
Dr dk mlls dqN ysuk7nsuk ugC g,4 rqe lksprs gks fd l®;ukjk;< dh dFk dj
k yh rks rqe HDr gks xS2 ;s rks rjdhcX gT4 rqe rks Hxoku dks Hh /ks[k nsus
pys gks4 \tjk lksp dj pyuk A 8>wO vkfldh dj,] eqyqd eX twrh [kVg49
D;k dksB y≈u eqgwrZ gksrk g,` dksB fof/7fo/ku gksrk g,`
vk,j tks bu eqgwrk˜ eX i\Lk jgrk g,3'qH eqgwrZ ns[wa] 'k¬_ ds fglkc ls pywa] fof
/7fo/ku dk ikyu dWa] d,ls iwtk djuk3bl lc eX tks i\Lk jgrk g,] og dHh
izse dh nhokuxh eX mrj gh ugC ikrk4
jkeÎ‘< iqtkjh gqS Fs rks dHh iwtk djrs] dHh u Hh djrs4 vk,j dHh djrs

vtgw psr xaokj
rks fnuHj djrs vk,j dHh nks feuI eX fudy vkrs4 vk,j blds igys fd dkyh
dks Hksx yxkrs] [qn p[ ysrs4 f'dk;r gqB4 eafnj dh tks desIh Fh mlds lke
us cqykS xS fd ;g dksB iwtk g, fd fdlh fnu fnuHj pyrh g,] fGj nks7pkj
fnu eafnj can Hh gks tkrk g,2 fGj dHh nks feuI eX ckgj fudy vkrs gks4 vk,
j geus ;g Hh lquk g, fd rqe Hxoku dks izlkn yxkus ds igys [qn p[ ysrs g
ks] ogC eafnj eX [\Ls gksdj p[rs gks2 ;g rks lc ckr x\Lc\L g,4
rks jkeÎ‘< us dgk A léHkyks viuh fGj ;g iwtk] ;g eq>ls u gksxh4 esjh eka
tc Hh dqN cukrh Fh rks igys [qn p[rh Fh] fGj eq>s nsrh Fh4 eT fcuk p
[s ns gh ugC ldrk4 D;kXfd irk ugC nsus ;ks≈; gks Hh fd u gks] eq>s irk d,ls
pys2 tc eT p[ ywa vk,j ikMa fd gka] ¬okfn‘I g,] nsus ;ks≈; g, rks yxk nwa4
vc ;g dqN vk,j gh ckr gks xB4 ;g 'k¬_ ds fc¥dqy foijhr gks xB4 igys
Hxoku dks yxkvks] fGj viuk Hksx yxk ysuk4 jkeÎ‘< igys vius dks yxkrs4
exj mudh ckr eX rks c\Lk cy g,4 vk,j mügkXus dgk fd tc fny c,O tkrk g,
rks fGj dksB ?\Lh7?aIkX dk fglkc jgrk g,2 tc c,O x;k fny rks fGj c,Ok jg
rk fny6 fGj fnuHj Hh pyrh g, rks fnuHj Hh pyrh g,4 fGj ;g dksB Fks\Ls
gh g, fd ?aIs ds fglkc ls ~ ~ ~ ;g dksB ¬dwy Fks\Ls gh g, fd ?aIk ctk;k vk,j
Dykl 'qW6 ?aIk ctk;k] Dykl can4
esjs Sd f'{d Fs3foæofo|ky; eX esjs Sd izksGslj Fs4 cl Sd gh f'{d t,ls
f'{d Fs4 mudh d{k eX dksB Hjrh ugC gksrk Fk4 nks7pkj lkykX ls mudh d
{k eX dksB vk;k gh ugC Fk4 tc eT igys nGk mudh d{k eX x;k rks mügkXus
dgk fd HkB rqe le> yks] D;kXfd rhu7pkj lky ls rks dksB fo|kFñ vk;k gh
ugC4 >a>I ;g g, fd eT ?aIs ls 'qW rks dj ldrk gwa ysfdu [®e ugC dj ld
rk4 rks ?aIk ctrk g, fd ≈;kjg ct xS rks eT 'qW dj nsrk gwa4 ysfdu ≈;kjg
ct dj pkyhl feuI ij [®e ugC dj ldrk4 D;kXfd tc rd esjh ckr iwjh
u gks tkS eT [®e ugC djrk4 dHh nks ?aIs yxrs gT] dHh rhu ?aIs yxrs gT4
dHh ikap7nl feuI eX gh [®e gks tkrh g, ckr4 rks var dk dqN irk ugC g,4
blfyS fo|kFñ ;gka vkus eX Ljrs gT4 rqe vk jgs gks rks Ohd4 rqe ?c\Lk tkv
ks rks rqe pys tkuk4 rqe ijs'ku gks tkvksxs rhu ?aIs gks xS lqurs7lqurs] rks rq
e pqipki f[ld tkuk] eq>s ck/k er Lkyuk4 rqégkjh fGj ek,t gks rks fGj ?w
e7fGj dj yk,I vkuk4
c\Ls vn.Hqr vkneh Fs4 Sslk gh gksrk Fk4 vk,j eT vdsyk gh fo|kFñ mudh d{k
eX 4 eT pyk Hh tkrk dHh rks Hh os cksyrs jgrs4 eT Hh yk,I vkrk4 os eq>ls
c\Ls [q' Fs4 os dgrs Fs A rqe ck/k ugC Lkyrs] ;g ckr Ohd g,4 eT dHh lks H
h tkrk D;kXfd os dkGh yack cksyrs4 rks os eq>s mOkrs tc mudk cksyuk [®e g
ks tkrk fd vc mOks HkB4
jkeÎ‘< dgrs Fs] iwtk dk dksB fglkc rks ugC gks ldrk4 rks dHh terh g, rks

vtgw psr xaokj
te tkrh g,4 dHh c,O tkrh g, ckr rks c,O tkrh g,4 dHh fny ls fny c,O t
krk g, rks fey tkrk g,] rks fGj pyrh g,4 dHh ugC c,Ork] rc dksB tcjn¬rh
Fks\Ls gh gks ldrh g,4 8>wO vkfldh dj, eqyqd eX twrh [kgC49 rc >wOh iwtk d,
ls dWa4 gks gh ugC jgh] vkt eu mO gh ugC jgk4 vk,j dHh7dHh rks eT ukjk
t Hh gks tkrk gwa Hxoku ij4 rc ukjktxh eX d,ls iwtk gks` tc ukjkt gks tk
rk gwa rks rkyk yxkdj can dj nsrk gwa fd i\Ls jgks] vc iNrkvksxs2 vc ugC v
kMaxk4 fGj ;kn vkus yxrh g, fd ;g rks ckr Ohd ugC4 fGj tkdj euk ysrk
gwa4
rks jkeÎ‘< us dgk] vxj rqégkjh ejth gks rks eq>s vyx dj nks] exj esjh iw
tk rks Sslh gh pysxh] D;kXfd ;g iwtk g,4
tekus Hj dh fof/7fo/kukX dk fG∂ dj jgs gks vk,j vlyh ckr Hhrj lksp gh
ugC jgs gks fd3Sd Hjkslk ukVg] dqly dgqoka ls gksB4 ml ijek®ek ij Hjksl
k ugC g,] cl ;g vlyh ckr rks [ks jgh g,4 vk,j lc bartke fdS ys jgs gks4
fookg dk lc bartke dj fy;k g,] cTL7ckts bdØs dj fyS gT] ckjkrh bdØs g
ks xS gT vk,j ;g Hwy gh xS oj dgka g,2 ckjkr fudyus dh r,;kjh gksus yxh]
rc ;kn vkB fd oj rks g, gh ugC4 vlyh ckr rks Sd g,6 ckdh ckjkfr;kX ls
dgC ckjkr Fks\Lh gh curh g,3oj pkfgS2 Hjkslk2
8Sd Hjkslk ukVg] dqly dgqoka ls gksB49
dgka ls rqégkjh dq'yrk gksxh` rqégX ml Sd ij Hjkslk ugC4 rqégX Sd Hjkslk
ugC4
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vkiu bd prqjkB] chp eX dj, vukjh449
8tsdjs gkF, dqly9~ ~ ~4 ftlds gkF lkjh dq'yrk g,] lkjk d¥;k< g,] mldks
rks Hwy c,Os gks vk,j iafLr7iqtkjh vk,j †;ksfr"h vk,j fof/7fo/ku vk,j fglkc7fd
rkc] bl lc eX i\Ls gks2
8tsdjs gkF, dqly] rkfg dk fn;k fclkjh4

vtgw psr xaokj

c\Ls ew\P gks rqe] viuh prqjkB yxk jgs gks2
prqj tks gT os ijek®ek eX ugC igqap ikrs4 mudh prqjkB gh ck/k cu tkrh g,4
ogka rks Hksys ljy fpR yksx pkfgS4
8frudk IwI, ukVg fcuk lrxqQ dh nk;k4
8frudk IwI, ukVg fcuk lrxqQ dh nk;k49 fcuk lrxqQ dh n;k ds Sd frudk H
h ugC IwIrk4 8vtgwa psr xaokj] txr. g, >wOh dk;k49 ;g lkjk txr. rks >wO dk
G,yko g,4 vc Hh psr4 vk,j dc rd lks;k jgsxk`
liukX ds lkjs 'h'egy fGj pdukpwj gqS4
tc lka> yxh f?jus] vius lkS Hh nwj gqS4
t¥nh gh oDr vk tkSxk] ek,r djhc vkus yxsxh4 viuh Nk;k Hh nwj gks tkrh
g,] nwljkX dk rks dguk gh D;k2 txr. g, >wOh dk;k4
liukX ds lkjs 'h'egy fGj pdukpwj gqS4
Sslk fdruh ckj ugC gks pqdk g,2 fdruh ckj tüe vk,j fdruh ckj ek,r2 fdr
uh ckj liukX ds 'h'egy pdukpwj ugC gqS2
liukX ds lkjs 'h'egy fGj pdukpwj gqS
tc lka> yxh f?jus] vius lkS Hh nwj gqS4
blds igys fd lka> f?j tkS] tkxks2 vtgwa psr xaokj2
Py x;k lwjt] mnklh Nk xB
lkaojh7lh lka> lglk vk xB

vtgw psr xaokj
iaF Fs müeqDr] D;kX dj Qd xS

D;kX /jk dh vksj lglk >qd xS
n1f‘I dkyh Lksj ls Idjk xB
lkaojh7lh lka> lglk vk xB4
vueuh /jrh] xxu g, vueuk
jg x;k liuk fd t,ls v/cuk
f?j xS ckny cgqr ls lqjeB
lw;Z ds vafre fdj<7lj NwIrs
vk,j ty7niZ< ogC ij IwIrs
IwIrs gh fcac yk, IwIs xB
lqcg vk;k] lka> Hh vkrh gh gksxh4 lqcg ds lkF gh vk xB4 lqcg ds lkF lka
> dk vkuk 'qW gqvk4 blds igys fd lkaojh lka> vk tkS] jkr f?js ek,r dh
vk,j va/dkj Nk tkS vk,j rqégkjs gkF eX djus dks dqN Hh u cps vk,j ftls Vt
nxhHj clk;k Fk] laHkyk Fk] cpk;k Fk] og lc Nq\Lk fy;k tkS3mlds igys
nsus dh dyk lh[ ysuk4 mlds igys le√ir gksus dh dyk lh[ ysuk4
;gh eryc g, lw_ dk4 eT dqN dj ldwaxk] ;gh rks lalkj dh n1f‘I g,4 fGj /eZ
eX vkrs gks] rc Hh dgrs gks eT dqN dj ldwaxk] rks rqégkjh ogh iqjkuh vd\L
tkjh g,4 /eZ ds txr. eX rks rqe dgks A eT dqN Hh ugC dj ik;k4 bl 8eT9 ls
dqN gksrk gh ugC4
ln.xqQ ds pj<kX eX j[ nks bl 8eT9 dks4 dgks fd vc tks rq>s djuk gks dj4

vtgw psr xaokj
ln.xqQ dk vFZ gksrk g,A rqeus Bæoj rks ns[k ugC] igpkuk ugC] Hxoku. rqégkjh
dksB eqykdkr ugC6 ftldh eqykdkr gks] mlds pj<kX eX j[ks] ogka ls 'qQvkr
djks4 jktk ls feyuk ugC gksrk rks pyks othj ls feyks4 othj ls feyuk ugC
gksrk rks pyks pk,dhnkj ls feyks4 exj pk,dhnkj ls Hh feydj Hh Fks\Lk laca/
curk g,4 rqégkjh rks dksB igpku gh ugC g,] pk,dhnkj dh de ls de igpku
g,4
ln.xqQ dk bruk gh vFZ gksrk g, fd ftldh eqykdkr gks xB g, mlls rqe Hh n
ks¬rh cka/ks4 blh nks¬rh ds lgkjs rqe Hh tq\L tkvksxs4
iyIw dgrs gT A 8iyIw lqH fnu lqH ?\Lh] ;kn i\L, tc uke49 tc izHq dh ;kn
vk tkS ogh ?\Lh 'qH g,4 vk/h jkr vk tkS rks cz‰eqgwrZ4 Hj nqigjh eX vk t
kS rks cz‰eqgwrZ dk vFZ gksrk g, tc cz‰k dh ;kn vk tkS4
8iyIw lqH fnu lqH ?\Lh] ;kn i\L, tc uke49
tc mldh ¬e1fr rqégX >d>ksjus yxs6 tc mldh iqdkj rqégX [Cpus yxs6 tc m
ldk izse rqégX Lksj eX cka/us yxs6 tc rqégkjs Hhrj ijek®ek dh ¬e1fr txus y
xs] lqxcqxkus yxs6 tc rqégkjs Hhrj Fks\Lk7lk vadqj GwIus yxs mldh rjG3dgks
izkFZuk] dgks ÷;ku] dgks] lqjfr] 'çn] uke] tks rqégX dguk g,6 ysfdu tc rqégk
js Hhrj ;g fn[kB i\Ls fd lalkj ø;FZ g,] lalkj dk vfr∂e< djuk g,] cgqr
nsj gks xB] vc ?j yk,Iuk g,4 ekfyd dh ;kn vkus yxh4 lkfgc dh ;kn vkus
yxs4
tc Hh ;kn i\L tkS uke] ogh ?\Lh 'qH] ogh fnu 'qH4 fGj u iwNuk iafLr7iq
tkjh7iqjksfgr ls] †;ksfr"h ls4 D;k iwNuk fdlh ls2 pk,chl ?f\L;ka 'qH gT] ysfdu
v'qH gqB tk jgh gT] D;kXfd mldh ;kn ls ugC tq\Lh gT4 gj iy] gj fNu 'qH
g,] ysfdu [kyh tk jgs gT] D;kXfd ijek®ek ls ugC tq\Lk g,4 ftl {< tks\L c,O
tkS] lsrq cu tkS] mlh {< ∂kafr ?Iuh 'qW gks tkrh g,6 mlh {< rqe rqe
u jgs] rqe efgekoku gks xS4 b/j feIs vk,j efgek vkB4

vtgw psr xaokj

fof/7fo/ku eX er i\Luk4 izse dh dksB fof/ ugC] dksB fo/ku ugC4 izse rks ik
xykX dh ckr g,] nhokukX dk dke g,4 izse rks Hko dh n'k g,] fopkj dh ugC4 f
opkj eX fof/7fo/ku gksrs gT4 Ôn; dh ckr g,4 blfyS rks flj dks mrkj nsuk
igyh 'rZ g,4
;s lw_ izse dk iwjk 'k¬_ g,4 ;s rqégkjs Ôn; eX c,O tkSa4 budh Fks\Lh xa/ rqégk
js thou eX vk tkS rks rqe viwoZ vkuan ls Hj tkvksxs4
thou eX Sd gh vkuan g,] og ijek®ek ls feyus dk vkuan g,4 vk,j Hh tks vk
uan dHh vkuan t,ls ekywe i\Lrs gT] tkus7vutkus ijek®ek ls feyus ds dkj< g
h gksrs gT4 lqcg lwjt mxrk g,6 izkph ij ykyh G,y tkrh g,6 i{h xhr xkrs gT]
gokvkX eX lqokl gksrh g,] 'hryrk gksrh g,3rqe mOs] jkrHj ds lksS] rkts vk,
j rqeus mxrs lwjt dks ns[k vk,j rqeus dgk fdruk lqanj2 vk,j ;g iy] {< 'q
H gks x;k4 exj ;g lwjt dk lkTn;Z mlh dk lkTn;Z g,4 ;g mlh dh r¬ohj dk
Sd fg¬lk g,4 ;g mldk gh Sd vax g,4 fgeky; ds mRqax f'[j ns[s] daqokjh
cGZ ls tes] ftu ij dksB dHh ugC pyk] mu ij pedrh lwjt dh fdj<X ns[
C] G,yh pkanh ns[h] lksuk ns[k igk\LkX ij3ml viwoZ n1æ; dks ns[ dj rqe Oxs7O
xs vokd jg xS4 fopkj {<Hj dks Qd xS4 Sslk rks dHh ns[k ugC Fk4 bl
viwoZ us rqégX vokd dj fn;k] vkæp;Z7foeq≈/ dj fn;k4 rqeus dgk A c\Lk lqanj]
c\Lk izhfrdj2 ijek®ek dks fGj ns[k4 igk\L ij mldh Nk;k ns[h4
dHh lkxj ds fdukjs lkxj dh mOrh ygjkX dks ns[dj] ml rqeqy ukn dks ns[
dj] ml fojkI dks G,ys gqS ns[dj] rqégkjk NksIk7lk eu xqipqi gks x;k4 dgk]
c\Lk lqanj g,2 c\Lk lq[ ik;k4 fGj ijek®ek dh Sd >yd feyh4
dHh fdlh dh vka[kX eX >kaddj] dHh fdlh dk gkF gkF eX ysdj] izse dk Fks\
Lk7lk >juk cgk vk,j rqeus dgk] c\Lk lqanj ø;fDr g,] fd c\Lk î;kjk ø;fDr g,]
fd euphrk fey x;k2 fGj ijek®ek feyk4 fGj mldk Sd fg¬lk feyk4
vk,j ;s lc NksIs7NksIs [aL gT4 bu NksIs7NksIs [aLkX dks †;knk nsj ugC vuqHo fd;k
tk ldrk4 ;s >ydX gT4 t,ls pkan >ydrk gks >hy eX] lqanj g,6 >yd Hh vl
yh pkan dh g,] exj >yd g,4
t,ls rqe niZ< ds lkeus [\Ls gksrs gks vk,j psgjk cuk g, niZ< eX] rqe dgrs gks
lqanj g,6 exj tks psgjk niZ< eX cu jgk g,] og lp dh gh udy g,] exj lp
ugC g,4 >yd rks lp dh gh g,] exj >yd ¬o;a ugC g,4 {<Haxqj g,3vk;k]
x;k4
jkst7jkst Ssls cgqr7ls {< rqégkjs thou eX vkrs gT] tc ijek®ek dh >yd dg

vtgw psr xaokj
C ls vkrh g,] lq/ vkrh g,4 ;s NksIs7NksIs lq[] {<Haxqj lq[ Hh mlh ds gh gT4
ysfdu ;s vkSaxs vk,j tkSaxs4 /hjs7/hjs tc rqe ;g le>ksxs fd lkjk lq[ mldk
g,] lkjk vkuan mldk g,] rc rqe [aL7[aL u [kstksxs6 rc rqe v[aL eX [kstks
xs4 rc rqe Ssls Iqd\Ls ls jkth u gksvksxs6 rqe dgksxs vc rks iwjk pkfgS4
vk,j iwjk feyrk g,4 iwjk feyk g,4 eT rks jkejru /u ik;k2 iwjk feyk g,4 iwjk
fey tkrk g,4 exj feyrk mügC dks g, tks iwjk [ksus dks r,;kj gT4 iwjs dks ikus
ds fyS iwjs pqdkuk i\Lrk g,4
eT bu lw_kX dks nksgjkS nsrk gwa A
thrs th efj tk;] dj, uk ru dh vklk4
vkfld dk fnu jkr] jg, lwyh ij oklk44
eku c\LkB [ks;] uCn Hj ukgC lksuk4
iyIw c\Ls csdwG os] vkfld gksus tkVg4

vtgw psr xaokj
tsdjs gkF, dqly] rkfg dk fn;k fclkjh4
frudk IwIk ukVg] fcuk lrxqQ dh nk;k4
vkt bruk gh4
D;k ÷;ku dh rjg HfDr Hh Sdkdhiu ls gh 'qW gksrh g,`
iyIwnkl th dgrs gT A 8yxu7egwjr >wO lc] vk,j fcxk\LT dke94 vk,j u{_7fo
Kku dgrk g, fd y≈u7eqgwrZ ls dke cuus dh laHkouk c\P tkrh g,
dke idus ij mleX Qfp {h< gksus yxrh g,4 izse idus ij D;k gksrk g,`
lc dqN nkao ij yxk nsus dk D;k vFZ g,`

vtgw psr xaokj
izcy thos"<k ds gksrs gqS Hh fdl Hkafr HDr dks vius gkF ls viuk lhl mr
kjuk laHo gksrk g,`
lar iyIwnkl mls xaokj dgrs gT tks txr. dh >wOh ek;k eX Galk g, vk,j mls cso
dwG] tks izse dh vksj dne c\Pkrk g,4 fGj cqf0eku dk,u g,`
igyk izæu A ÷;ku g, Sdkdh dh m\Lku3Sdkdh rd4 HfDr g, Sdkdh dh m\Lku
3ijek®ek rd4 D;k ÷;ku dh rjg HfDr Hh Sdkdhiu ls gh 'qW gksrh g,`
/eZ dk tüe gh Sdkar eX g,] Sdkdhiu eX g,4 tgka rd Hh\L g,] tgka rd Hh\L
eX yxko g,] tgka rd Hh\L ds fcuk jguk {<Hj dks dfOu g,3ogka rd /eZ ug
C] lalkj g,4
vk,j ÷;ku jgs] Hh\L ls Hkxdj gh dksB Hh\L ls ugC Hkx tkrk g,4 Hh\L eX gksd
j Hh dksB Sdkar eX gks ldrk g,4 Hh\L Hhrj ugC gksuh pkfgS4 vk,j Sdkar eX
gksdj Hh Hh\L eX gks ldrk g,4 nwj fgeky; dh xqGk eX c,Odj Hh rqe vxj Vp
ru djks vk,jkX dk] fe_kX dk] fiz;tukX dk] '_qvkX dk] cktkj dk] nqdku dk3r
ks rqe Hh\L eX gks4
rks Hh\L eukso,Kkfud tWjr tc rd g,] tc rd Sslk yxrk g, fd fcuk Hh\L
ds eT feIk] fcuk Hh\L ds eT u jg ldwaxk6 pkfgS gh Hh\L6 ckgj gks rks Ohd] c
kgj u gks rks Hhrj [\Lh dj ywaxk3rc rd rqe lalkj eX gks4
lalkj eu dh bl Q≈< n'k dk uke g, fd 8nwljkX ds fcuk eT ugC gks ldrk gwa6
ijfuHZjrk dk uke g,] fd esjk vf¬r®o nwljkX ds gksus ij gh fuHZj g,6 fd esjk
lq[ nwljs ij gh fuHZj g,6 vdsyk eT nqA[h gwa6 nwljk eq>s lq[ nsxk4 fGj ifr g
ks] i®uh gks] eka gks] firk gks] HkB gks] fe_ gks3exj dksB nwljk eq>s lq[ nsxk2
lq[ nwljs ds ikl g,] eT fH[kjh gwa49 ;g lalkj g,4
lq[ esjk esjs Hhrj g,] eT lezkI gwa3;g /eZ4
rks /eZ dk tüe gh Sdkar eX gksrk g,4 ysfdu Sdkar dk eryc vdsykiu ugC
gkssrk4 Hwydj er lkspuk fd Sdkar dk eryc vdsykiu gksrk g,4 vdsykiu rks
Sd ukdkjk®ed n'k g,4
t,ls lc ?j ds ckgj pys xS vk,j rqe vdsys jg xS3;g Sdkar ugC g,4 ?j
eX vdsys gks] exj eu gtkj nk,\LX Hj jgk g,4 ?j eX vdsys gks] exj vdsys gksus
eX jl rks ugC vk jgk6 vdsys gksus eX Nan rks i,nk ugC gks jgk6 exu rks ugC
gks6 e¬r rks ugC gks3mnkl gks4 lksprs gks dksB vk tkS] dksB fe_ gh }kj [I
[Ik ns6 dksB i\Lkslh cqyk ys6 dksB vk tkS2 vk,j vxj dksB u vkS rks jsfL;ks
pyk yks] Isyhfotu ns[us yxks] v[ckj i\Pks] miü;kl i\Pkss3exj [ks tkvks dgC
2

vtgw psr xaokj
vdsykiu rc3tc Sdkar dkIrk gks4 Sdkar rc3tc vdsysiu eX jl dh /kj
cgs4
rks Sdkar vk,j vdsysiu dk GdZ Hh le> ysuk4
Sdkar rc 3 tc rqe ije vkuafnr gks6 rqégX ;kn Hh ugC vkrh nwljs dh6 {<
Hj dks Hh nwljs dk fod¥i [\Lk ugC gksrk6 nwljs dk fopkj ygjkrk ugC4 rqe
ije e¬rh eX gks4 rqe Lksy jgs gks viuh e¬rh eX4 rqe vius dks gh ih jgs gks4
rqégkjs Hhrj ls xhr mO jgs gT4 rqégkjs Hhrj ije 'kafr g,3udkjk®ed ugC] e
j?I dh ugC3Sslh 'kafr tgka thou ds Gwy f[yrs gT6 Sslh 'kafr tgka ijek®ek
dh lqokl mOrh g,6 thoar 'kafr6 vkÁkfnr 'kafr bl GdZ dh Hh “;ky eX
ys ysuk4 'kafr ewnkZ Hh gksrh g,6 ewnkZ dk eryc gksrk g, mnklh dhuhjk' grk'
'kafr] vkÁkfnr Hh gksrh g,] ukprh gqB Hh gksrh g,4 vk,j tc ukprh gqB gksr
h g, rks gh ijek®ek rd ys tkrh g,4 tc mnkl gkssrh g, rks rqe i®Fj ds Psys
dh rjg i\Ls jg tkrs gks jkg ds fdukjs6 rqégkjs thou eX xfr ugC gksrh] x®;k®
edrk ugC gksrh] lfjr7izokg ugC gksrk4 rqe cgrs ugC6 lw[h ry,;k gks tkrs g
ks4 vk,j jkst7jkst ikuh lw[rk vk,j eNyh jkst7jkst r\Lirh vk,j nqA[h gksrh vk,j
ijs'ku gksrh4
cgrh gqB 'kafr2
dy7dy dh ÷ofu ls Hjh gqB 'kafr2
ij] /eZ rks 'qW gksrk gh Sdkar eX g,4 fGj /eZ pkgs HfDr dk gks vk,j pkgs ÷;
ku dk6 pkgs izse dk] pkgs Kku dk3blls dqN GdZ ugC i\Lrk4
Sdkar nks izdkj dk gks ldrk g,] D;kXfd euq‘;7tkfr nks HkxkX eX caIh g,4 Sd] f
tldks dkyZ xq¬rko tqax us cfgeqZ[h ø;fDr dgk g,] SsD¬I≠ksoIZ vk,j Sd] ftldks
vareqZ[h ø;fDr dgk g,] baI≠ksoIZ4
nqfu;k eX nks rjg ds yksx gT4 Sd] ftuds fyS vka[ [ksydj ns[uk lgt g,6 t
ks vxj ijek®ek ds lkTn;Z dks ns[uk pkgXxs rks bu o1{kX dh gfj;kyh eX fn[kB
i\Lsxk] pkan7rkjkX eX fn[kB i\Lsxk] vkdk' eX eaLjkrs 'qHz cknykX eX fn[kB i\Lsxk
] lwjt dh fdj<kX eX] lkxj dh ygjkX eX] fgeky; ds mRqax fgekπNkfnr f'[j
kX eX] euq‘;kX dh vka[kssa eX] cπpkX dh fdyfdykgI eX4
cfgeqZ[h dk vFZ g,] mldk ijek®ek [qyh vka[ ls fn[sxk4 vareqZ[h dk vFZ g,]
mldk ijek®ek can vka[ ls fn[sxk] vius Hhrj4 ogka Hh jks'uh g,4 ogka Hh dq
N de pkan7rkjs ugC gT4 dchj us dgk g, gtkj7gtkj lwjt4 Hhrj Hh gT2 brus
gh pkan7rkjs] ftrus ckgj gT4 bruh gh gfj;kyh] ftruh ckgj g,4 bruk gh fo
jkI Hhrj Hh ek,twn g,] ftruk ckgj g,4
ckgj vk,j Hhrj larqfyr gT] leku vuqikr eX gT4 Hwydj ;g er lksspuk fd rq
égkjh NksIh7lh nsg] bleX bruk fojkI d,ls lekSxk6 ;g fojkI rks cgqr c\Lk g,
] ckgj fojkI g,] Hhrj rks NksIk gksxk2 Hwydj Sslk er lkspuk4 rqeus vHh Hh

vtgw psr xaokj
rj tkuk ugC4 Hhrj Hh bruk gh fojkI g,3Hhrj] vk,j Hhrj] vk,j Hhrj2 m
ldk Hh dksB var ugC g,4 t,ls ckgj pyrs tkvks] pyrs tkvks] dHh lhek u v
kSxh foæo dh3Ssls gh Hhrj Lwcrs tkvks] Lwcrs tkvks] Lwcrs tkvks] dHh lhek
ugC vkrh viuh Hh4 ;g txr.. lHh fn'kvkX eX vuar g,4 blfyS ge ijek®ek
dks vuar dgrs gT6 vlhe dgrs gT] vukfn dgrs gT 4 lHh fn'kvkX eX2
egkohj us Ohd 'çn mi;ksx fd;k g,4 egkohj us vf¬r®o dks 8vuarkuar9 dgk
g,4 vdsys egkohj us3vk,j lc us vuar dgk g,4 ysfdu egkohj us dgk] vuarrk
Hh vuar izdkj dh g,6 Sd izdkj dh ugC g,6 Sd gh fn'k eX ugC g,6 Sd gh
vk;ke eX ugC g,3cgqr vk;ke eX vuar g,] vuarkuar2 b/j Hh vuar g,] m/j
Hh vuar g,2 uhps dh rjG tkvks rks Hh vuar g,] Mij dh rjG tkvks rks Hh
vuar2 Hhrj tkvks] ckgj tkvks3tgka tkvks ogka vuar g,4 ;g vuark Sdkaxh ug
C g,] cgq WikX eX g,4 vuar izdkj ls vuar g,3;g eryc gqvk vuarkuar dk4
rks rqégkjs Hhrj Hh mruk gh fojkI c,Ok g,4 vc ;k rks vka[ [ksyks3vk,j ns[ks6
;k vka[ can djks3vk,j ns[ks2 ns[uk rks nksukX gkyr eX i\Lsxk4 –‘Ik rks cuuk g
h i\Lsxk4 psruk rks i\Lsxk gh4 p,rü; dks txkuk rks i\Lsxk4 lksS7lksS dke u pys
xk4
cgqr yksx gT tkss vka[ [ksydj lksS gqS gT4 vk,j cgqr yksx gT tkss vka[ can dj
ds lks tkrs gT4 lks tkus ls dke u pysxk6 fGj rks vka[ can g, fd [qyh g,] cjk
cj g,6 rqe rks gks gh ugC] ns[usokyk rks g, gh ugC3rks u ckgj ns[ksxs u Hhrj
ns[ksxs4 ;g vka[ chp eX g,4 iyd [qy tkS rks ckgj dk fojkI6 iyd >i tk
S rks Hhrj dk fojkI4
cfgeqZ[h dk vFZ g,] ftls ijek®ek ckgj ls vkSxk4 vareqZ[h dk vFZ ftls ijek
®ek Hhrj ls vkSxk4 vareqZ[h ÷;kuh gksxk6 cfgeqZ[h] HDr4 blfyS vareqZ[h ij
ek®ek dh ckr gh ugC djsxk4 ijek®ek dh dksB ckr gh ugC6 ijek®ek rks 8ij
9 gks x;k4 vareqZ[h rks vk®ek dh ckr djsxk4 blfyS egkohj us] cq0 us ijek
®ek dh ckr ugC dh4 os ije vareqZ[h ø;fDr gT4 vk,j ehjka] p,rü;] bügkXus ij
ek®ek dh ckr dh4 ;s ije cfgeqZ[h ø;fDr gT4 vuqHo rks Sd dk gh g, D;kXfd
ckgj vk,j Hhrj tks g, og nks ugC g,6 og Sd gh g,4 exj rqe dgka igqapksxs`
ckgj ls igqapksxs ;k Hhrj ls] blls GdZ i\L tkrk g,4 b/j ls dku id\Lksxs ;k
m/j ls] bruk gh GdZ g,4 dku rks ogh gkF eX vkSxk4 vkrk rks ijek®ek gh
gkF eX g,4 tc Hh dqN gkF eX vkrk g,] ijek®ek gh gkF eX vkrk g,4 vk,j rks
dqN g, gh ugC gkF eX vkus dks4 ftl gkF eX vkrk g, og gkF Hh ijek®ek g,4
ijek®ek gh ijek®ek ds gkF eX vkrk g,4
exj cfgeqZ[h Sd Pax ls ;k_k djrk g,] vareqZ[h nwljs Pax ls4 cfgeqZ[h ew√r j
[sxk Hxoku dh] eafnj cukSxk] Ja1xkj yxkSxk Hxoku dks] ukpsxk ew√r ds vk

vtgw psr xaokj
likl4 lw;Z dks ue¬dkj djsxk4 pkan7rkjkX eX nsorkvkX dk fuokl cukSxk4 Ohd
g,4 t,ls Hh gks] ml ije lkTn;Z dh izrhfr gksuh pkfgS4
vareqZ[h ew√r b®;kfn gIk nsxk6 mldh dksB tWjr ugC g,4 u lkt7Ja1xkj] djsx
k ijek®ek dk4
Sslk gqvk A jkfc;k Sd lwGh Gdhj vk,jr] ds ?j nwljk lwGh Gdhj] glu Ogj
k gqvk Fk4 lqcg gqB] va/sjk dIk] lwjt fudyk4 glu ckgj [\Lk Fk >kXi\Ls ds4
bl viwoZ lqcg dkss ns[dj exu gks mOk4 HDr Fk4 ukpus yxk4 vk,j mlus vkok
t nh jkfc;k dks fd 8jkfc;k] rw Hhrj c,Oh D;k dj jgh g,` ckgj vk] c\Lh lqa
nj lqcg fudyh g,2 ijek®ek dh Sslh lqanj lqcg g, vk,j rw Hhrj c,Oh D;k dj
jgh g,` lwjt us viuk tky G,yk fn;k g,4 i{h xhr xk jgs gT4 lqcg dh 'hr
y gok g,4 jkr dk va/sjk dI x;k g,4 ;s ije vkuan ds {< gT4 rw Hhrj c,Oh
D;k dj jgh g,`9
vk,j irk g, jkfc;k us D;k dgk` jkfc;k f[yf[yk dj galh vk,j mlus dgk] g
lu] rqégC Hhrj vkvks4 D;kXfd ckgj rqe ftl lwjt dks ns[ jgs gks] eT ml lwj
t cukusokys dks vius Hhrj ns[ jgh gwa4
mlus 8Hhrj9 dk eryc fc¥dqy xgjk fy;k4 mlus >kXi\Ls ds Hhrj dh ckr gh
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ns[ jgh gwa4 lwjt ckgj lqanj g, D;kXfd mlds gkF dh Nki g,4 tgka7tgka mldk
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tks jl ys jgk g,] mls ckgj vkus dh tWjr g,4 tks tgka jl ys jgk g,] mlh
jl eX Lwcrs7Lwcrs fuef†tr gks tkS] [ks tkS4
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4 vk,j u glu] rw jkfc;k dks ckgj cqyk6 D;kXfd jkfc;k dks ckgj fn[kB u i\Ls
xk3vareqZ[h g,4 vk,,j glu dks Hhrj fn[kB u i\Lsxk3cfgeqZ[h g,4
vk,j ÷;ku j[uk] cfgeqZ[h vk,j vareqZ[h eX dksB ew¥;kadu ugC dj jgk gwa fd b
ueX dk,u vπNk] dk,u cqjk4 dksB vπNk7cqjk ugC4 tgka ls izHq fey tkS] izHq dk
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W gkssrh gT4 ysfdu nksukX dk ¬okn Fks\Lk fHU gkssrk g,4 izFe rks fHU gksrk g,6 va

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rrA Sd gks tkrk g,4 ekxZ 'qW eX fHU gksrs gT4 unh Sd] ?kI cgqrsjs4 ?kIkX ds
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g,] os vusd4 ?kI cgqrsjs4
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jku gksvksxs fd Sdkdhiu vk,j Sdkdhiu d,ls vyx gks ldrs gT2 le>us dh dks
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gks ikrk g,4 tc ijek®ek cprk g, vk,j HDr feI tkrk g,3rks Sdkdh4 Sd c
pk4 tc rd HDr Hh jgrk g,] rc rd nks4 blfyS HDr dh lkjh ps‘Ik g, A
ijek®ek cps] eT feI tkMa4 dchj dgrs gT A izse xyh vfr lkadjh] rkeX nks u
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ekxZ ij dne c\PkS4 bruk tks ikxy gkss] Sslk tks enZ gks] ogh dne c\PkS4 v
ius dks feIk Lkyuk gksxk] ikXN Lkyuk gksxk4 Sd gh cpsxk4 ijek®ek cpsxk4
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dks Hh Nks\L nsrk g,4 og dgrk g,] tc rd ;g ijek®ek g, rc rd rks nwtk c
pk g,4 blfyS ck,0 >su GdhjkX us dgk g,] vxj cq0 Hh jk¬rs ij fey tkSa r
ks mOkdj ryokj nks Iqd\Ls dj nsuk] rkfd rqe vdsys cpks6 nwljk ugC pkfgS4
>su Gdhjkssa us dgk g, fd vxj cq0 dk uke Hh ¬ej< vk tkS rks dq¥yk djds
eqag lkG dj ysuk4
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u cps4 psruk eX dksB n1æ; u cps6 dksB fn[kB i\Lusokyk u cps4 dksB Hh cpk
g, nwljk] Hxoku Hh cpk g, nwljk] rks v\Lpu g,4
jkeÎ‘< ds xqQ rksrkiqjh us jkeÎ‘< dks dgk Fk] tc rd ;g rsjh dkyh cph
g,] rc rd rw vHh eqDr ugC gqvk4 ;g dkyh rks fxjkuh i\Lsxh4 ;g dkyh rks
gIkuh i\Lsxh4
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v},r pkfgS4 niZ< cps vk,j niZ< eX fdlh dk Hh izfrVcc u cps4 igys izfrVc
c curk Fk yksxkssa dk] vc ugC curk6 ysfdu ijek®ek dk cuus yxk4 exj ij
ek®ek Hh rks 8ij9 g,4
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rqe gh cpkss4 jke dk ¬ej< Hh u cps4 jke dh izfrek Hh u cps4 'q0 fu√odk
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c vdsyk cp tkrk g,] rks Sdkdh4 vk,j HDr lcdks Nks\L dj ijek®ek dks cp
k ysrk g,4 lc eX ¬o;a Hh lféefyr g,4 lc dks Nks\Ldj ijek®ek dks cpk ysrk
g,4 rc Sdkdh4
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Sd gh gks tkrk g,4 fGj mlds uke dk gh GdZ g,4 ftldks egkohj] vk®ek dg
rs gT mlh dks 'adj] ijek®ek dgrs gT4 fGj uke dk gh Hsn g,4 fGj \tjk Hh
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grs gks3vk®ek dgks] ijek®ek dgks4 ÷;kuh vk®ek dgsxk] D;kXfd ÷;kuh rks ijek
®ek dks Nks\L gh pqdk] feIk gh pqdk4 rks vc rks tks cph g,] og esjk gh 'q0r
e Wi g,4 vga cz‰kf¬e2 eT gh cz‰k gwa4
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ys gh tk pqdk4 og rks dc dk tk pqdk4 vc Sdkdh cz‰k ek_ g,4 vc rks rw
gh g,2
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dksB Hsn ugC jg tkrk6 vHsn izdI gksrk g,4
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vk,j u{_7foKku dgrk g, fd yxu7egwjr ls dke cuus dh laHkouk c\P tkrh
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g,] rks yxu7egwjr6 fd uB fG¥e dk mn.?kIu djuk g,] yxu egwjr6 fd 'k
nh djuh g, csIs dh] yxu7egwjr4
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ls gT] vk,j xyr u gks tkS2
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fd ftl Sd ds lgkjs lc Ohd gks tkS] mldh rks rw ;kn gh ugC djrk6 vk,j
lc bartke djrk g, A yxu7egwjr iwNrk g,4 vk,j Sd foæokl ls] Sd J0k
ls] ml Sd dks id\L ysus ls lc l/ tkS3ysfdu og rw ugC id\Lrk] D;kXfd o
g egaxk /a/k g,4 ml Sd dks id\Lus eX ¬o;a dks Nks\Luk i\Lrk g,6 flj dkI dj
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blfyS og rks rqe ugC dj ldrs4 rqe dgrs gks A ge nwljk bartke djXxs6 fl
j dks Hh cpkSaxs vk,j yxu7egwjr iwN yXxs6 lqj{k dk vk,j bartke dj yXxs6
vk,j ø;o¬Fk dj yXxs6 gksf';kjh ls pyXxs6 xf<r ls pyXxs6 vka[ [ksydj pyXxs6
lalkj eX lq[ ikdj jgXxs4
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kl tkus dh D;k tWjr2 vk÷;kf®ed ø;fDr rks †;ksfreZ; ds ikl tkSxk] fd †
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h xfr dk fglkc j[usokykX ds ikl tkSxk`
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iy dk gksuk ijek®ek eX g,6 v'qH rks gks d,ls ldrk g,2 dksB Hh egwjr v'qH
rks d,ls gks ldrk g,2 ;g le; dh /kjk mlh ds izk<kX ls rks izokfgr gks jgh
g,4 ;g xaxk mlh ls fudyh g,6 mlh eX cg jgh g,6 mlh eX tk dj iw<Z gksxh4
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fudywa4
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lksprs Hh gks fd lc fookg bl ns' eX yxu7egwjr ls gksrs gT vk,j fGj Gy D
;k gksrk g,` fG¥ekX dk Gy Nks\L nks4 Vtnxh dk iwN jgk gwa4 fG¥eX rks lc 'kn
h gqB] 'gukB cth~ ~ ~ vk,j [®e gks tkrh gT] ogC [®e gks tkrh gT4 'gukB
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4 exj mldh ckr Ns\Luk Ohd Hh ugC g,4
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k,j gkjs gqvkX ds gkF gkj rks yxrh gh g,4 ;gka tks nfj– os rks nfj– jg gh tkrs
g,] ;gka tks /uh g, os Hh rks varrA nfj– fl0 gksrs gT4 ;gka ftudks dksB ugC
tkurk Fk] ftudk dksB uke ugC Fk] dksB izflf0 ugC Fh] dksB ;' ugC Fk
3os rks [ks gh tkrs gT6 ysfdu ftudks [wc tkuk tkrk Fk] c\Lh izflf0 Fh3os
Hh rks [ks tkrs gT4 feÈh lc dks lek ysrh g,4 fprk dh yiIkX eX lHh lekfgr
gks tkrk g,4 js[k Hh ugC NwI tkrh4
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4 ge lc ej?I eX c,Os gT4 tgka Hh gks ogka ej?I g,4 iwjh tehu ij ej?I d
B nGs cu pqdk ] fcx\L pqdk4 vkt ;gka c¬rh g,] dHh ej?I Fk4 vkt tgka e
j?I g,] dHh c¬rh cu tkSxh4 fdruh nGs myI7Gsj gks pqds gT2 ;g tehu fd
rukX dks yhy xB g,2 ;g rqégX Hh yhy tkSxh4 fdrukX dk uke jg x;k g,` v
k,j uke jg Hh tkS rks dksB D;k jgrk g,2 tc rqe gh u jgs rks uke ds jgus
ls Hh D;k gksrk g,`
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jr gh iwNrs jgksxs` lkalkfjd iwNrk g, yxu7egwjr4 ftruk lkalkfjd vkneh gks
] ftruk egÂokdka{h gks] mruk yxu7egwjr iwNrk g,4 fn¥yh eX rqe ikvksxs] l
c rjg ds †;ksfr"h vÒk tekS c,Os gT4 pquko ds le; mudh [wc cu tkrh g,4
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l] bl eqgwjr eX [\Ls gks tkvks6 bl eqgwjr eX Hj nsuk GkeZ pquko dk6 bl eqgw
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r g,4
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eX nks ø;fDr [\Ls Fs] nkssukX dks tk dj dg vkS fd vkidk lGy gksuk fufæpr
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h fn;k fd budk †;ksfr" c\Lk lgh g,] ;s dg dj xS Fs eq>ls4 nksukX dks dg
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thr x;k] mldks ;kn fnykus igqap xS] mlls l√IfGdsI ys vkS4
tc os l√IfGdsI ys vkS rks eTus muls iwNk] eq>s irk g, rqégkjk †;ksfr" fdruk
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l dks gksusokyk g,4 ftudks gks tkSxk mudh Hh\L c\Prh tkrh g,4 ftudks ugC gks
rk os nwljs †;ksfr"h [kstrs gT6 rqe ugC taprs mudks] ckr [®e gks xB6 os fdl
h vk,j ds pDdj eX i\LXxs4 ysfdu rqégkjs ikl ftudks ykH gks tkrk g,] os vkus
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vki ;g ?ks\Ls dk uky yIdkS gqS gT29 ¬ohLu eX yksx yIdkrs gT4 mlls ykH g
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ykH dh vkdka{k g, rkss rqe Galksxs dgC u dgC4 yxu7eqgwjr ns[dj dgC u d
gC Galksxs4

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ldrk4 gks ldrk g,4 iyIw xjhc gh jgs4 dchj xjhc gh jgs4 nfj;k xjhc gh j
gs4 ysfdu ;g tüekX7tüekX eX tks /u dh nk,\L tkuh g, vk,j /u dh ø;FZrk tkuh
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j vehj vkneh /eZ eX m®lqd u gks rks c\Lk cq0w g,4 xjhc m®lqd gks tkS rks
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fxjuk ugC gksrk4 tks bleX igqap x;k] mldks cq0 us dgk 8vukxkeh9 gks x;k6
vc og okfil u yk,Isxk6 vc mldk iquA vkxeu u gksxk4
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fey ikvksxs4 D;kXfd rqe ln.xqQ ds lkF Hh pkyckft;ka djrs gks4
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kXus dgk fd vc vkius tc iwN gh fy;k rc d,ls fNikMa2 ;gh lkspk fd pyks
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?j tkrs oDr vius di\Ls fGj igu ywaxk4 ysfdu ;gka rks ys yks4 'k;n ;gka ys
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] fdlh dks ?j irk Hh ugC pysxk2
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fyS rks os ia–g7chl fnu Hh [jkc dj fyS6 rqe viuh csBekuh ;gka ysdj v
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Hh tsc dkI yX6 ek,dk yx tkS rks mldks Hh ywI yX4
lc nkao ij yxkus dk vFZ gksrk g, A pkyckft;ka vc vk,j ugC4 vc rqe lc
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djrk4 ;g gwa cqjk7Hyk] lc dk tks\L7rks\L gwa4 bls ¬ohdkj dj yX4 vc vkids g
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rks dqN djrs Hh gT rks mruh gh nwj rd djrs gT tgka rd mudh cqf0 dks ta
prk g,6 mlls Sd bap vkxs ugC tkrs4 gksf';kjh cjrrs gT4 gksf';kjh cjrks] dks
B gtkZ ugC3esjk dqN gtkZ ugC g,6 rqe gh pwd tkvksxs4 rks pwdrs pys tk jgs
gT4 ;gka esjs ikl vkusokys izkFfed yksxkX eX ls gT vk,j fiN\Lrs tk jgs gT4 pwafd
lc nkao ij yxkus dh fgéer ugC g,4 viuh cqf0 dks cpkdj yxkrs gT4 os dg
rs gTA 8bRk rks fglkc viuk j[uk gh i\Lsxk4 dy vki dgus yxks fd x∏s eX dw
n tkvks rks d,ls dwn tkMaxk` ns[ ysrk gwa fd Ohd g,] uhps e[ey fcNh g, rks
dwn tkrk gwa4 vc x∏s eX i®Fj i\Ls gkX] rc rks eT Qd tkMaxk4 tc rd e[e
y fcNh g,] rc rd dwnwaxk6 tc x∏s eX ns[waxk i®Fj i\Ls gT rks eT dgwaxk fd vc
ugC dwn ldrk49
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nks" rqégkjk gh Fk4 vius dks cs'rZ u Nks\Lks4

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vk,j Ssls cgqr fe_ gT4 vk,j vxj pwdrs gT rks ukjkt gkXxs6 lkspXxs fd 'k;n mu
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d jgs gT] fdl dkj< pwd jgs gT4
eu pkyckt g,4
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fn;k Fk] fd osru dqN ugC feysxk] dsoy [kuk feysxk4 vkneh xjhc Fk4 ml
us dgk A 8pyks Ohd g,] [kuk gh lgh4 vk,j dke` dke D;k gksxk`93uk,dj us
iwNk4 mu l†tu us dgk A 8lcsjs7'ke nks oDr xqQ}kjk tkdj yaxj eX [kuk [k
vkvks vk,j lkF gh gekjs fyS [kuk cka/dj ysrs vkvks49
vkneh c\Lk csBeku g,2 [wc rjdhc fudkyh fd yaxj eX [kuk [k ysuk] rqe Hh
[k ysuk] rqégkjk [kuk Hh gks x;k] [®e2 rqégkjh uk,djh Hh pqd xB vk,j esjs
fyS [kuk ysrs vkuk4 ;g rqégkjk dke g,4~ ~ ~rks eq©r eX lc gks x;k4
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grs gTA 8dqN yxs uk] dqN js[k u V[ps] dqN nkao ij uk yxs2 vius dks cpkdj
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yk,Idj ns[uk ugC4 va/s dh rjg nkao ij yxk nsuk6 fGj ihNs yk,Idj ns[uk u
gC4 igys nkao ij yxkus ds fyS [wc lksp yks] fopkj yks4 dksB ;g ugC dg j
gk g, fd lkspks7fopkjks er4 [wc lkspks] [wc fopkjks] o"k˜ fcrkvks] Vpru7euu
djkss] lc rjG ls tkap7ij[ dj yks6 ysfdu Sd ckj tc fu<Z; dj yks fd Oh
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d g,] vc rqégkjs lkF pyrk gwa A ujd tkvks rkss ujd] ¬oxZ tkvks rks ¬oxZ6 v
c rqe tgka jgksxs ogC esjk ¬oxZ g,4vk,j rqe t,ls j[ksxs ogh esjk ¬oxZ g,4
vgadkj nkao ij yxk nsus dk vFZ g,4
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nks rjg ds yksx laü;kl ysrs gT4 Sd gT] tks laü;kl lksp7fopkj dj ysrs gT6 tks
dgrs gT] ge lkspXxs7fopkjXxs] lc rjg dk i{7foi{ djXxs] fGj viuk fu<Z;
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gC4 jl7foHksj gksdj laü;kl ysrs gT6 fu‘ifR ls ugC] fu‘d"Z ls ugC4 cqf0 dks S
d rjG j[dj laü;kl ysrs gT4 esjs ikl vkrs gT] muls eT iwNrk gwaA 8dqN lksp
yks49 os dgrs gT A 8lkspuk D;k29 eT muls dgrk gwaA 8igys fopkj yks49 os dgrs
gTA 8fopkjuk D;k29 vkidks ns[k] ckr gks xB4 vki vxj vik_ le>X rks u nX
4 vki vxj u nX rks vkidh etñ 4 exj eT ysus dks gwa4 vk,j vc lkspuk7fopkj
uk ugC g,4 lksp7fopkj rks cgqr dj pqdk vk,j Vtnxh Hj lksp7fopkj eX xaok
nh vk,j dqN gkF eX u yxk4 vc Sd dke rks eq>s dj ysus nX fcuk lksp7fopkj
ds4 ;g Hko ls mOk laü;kl g,4
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j py jgk g,4 c\Lh lksp7fopkj ls] c\Lk fglkc yxk;k gksxk Hhrj2 fnu fcrkS4
c\Lh f>>drs7f>>drs laü;kl eX izos' fd;k4 vk,j vHh Hh izos' gks ugC ik;k6
vHh Hh njokts ij vIds gT4 vHh Hh njokts ij [\Ls gT4 vHh Hh ml lhek
ij [\Ls gT] tgka ls okfil yk,Iuk laHo g,4 mlls vkxs ugC c\Prs gT fd tgka ls
okfil yk,Iuk dfOu gkss tkS6 tgka ls fd okfil yk,Ik gh u tk lds] ml lhek
rd ugC tkrs4 fGj pwdXxs4 pwd jgs gT4 vk,j tc pwdXxs rks nks" eq>s nXxs4 ;g Hh
etk g,4 tc pwdksxs rks ¬oHkorA dgC rks nks" nksxs] fdlh dks rks nks" nksxs2~ ~
~ rks eq>s gh nks" nksxs4
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A 8eq>ls er iwNks] esjs ifr ls iwNks4 mügkXus rks\Lk g,49 mlus iwNk A 8ysfdu rsjs
ifr dks rks eT vHh ckgj iwNk gwa4 os dgrs gT fd i®uh ls iwNks49 i®uh us dgk A
8mügC us rkss\Lk g,4 [\Ls Fs bl f[\Ldh ds ikl vk,,j tc eTus mudh rjG csyu
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Irk4 mügC ls iwNks49
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Isxk rks rqe eq> ij ukjkt gksvksxs4 vk,j dHh rqégX Hwydj Hh ;g [;ky u vk
Sxk fd vxj ugC ?Ik rks dgC Sslk rkss ugC Fk fd dqN eT pkyckft;ka djrk
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S Fs] lc rjG Gk,tX yxk nh xB FC] fd muds Hkxus dh laHkouk Fh4 lkjs ig
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feyrk g,4 tc dksB vl®; dh rjG tkrk g, rks lkjk txr. rqégkjk nqæeu gks
tkrk g,4 vk,j tc dksB l®; dh rjG tkrk g, rks lkjk txr. rqégkjk lkFh gks
tkrk g,4 cl rqe tkvks Hj4
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rqe yk,Ik ys tk jF dks] esjs bl î;kjs ?ks\Ls dks] eq>s {ekdj] eT pyk taxy]
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pkgrk g,4 vki bldks Nks\Ldj tk jgs gT` vki gks' eX gT`9
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y yiIX fn[kB i\Lrh gT4 eq>s dksB i®uh ugC fn[kB i\Lrh] dksB csIk ugC fn[k
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; D;k g,] mruk gh vπNk 4 blds igys fd eT ty tkMa bl vkx eX] blds ig
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j yxk nsuk pkgrk gwa4 lc nkao ij yxk nsuk pkgrk gwa4 tks dqN esjs ikl g,] l
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x;k4
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lc nkao ij yxk nwaxk4
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0 rks ugC g,4 ysfdu izse Fk bl vkneh ls3bl cq0 ls2 vk,j ;g tc tkus yxk
rks bldks Hh pkTd vkB] psr vk;k] gks' vk;k4
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dksxs4 ysfdu izcy thos"<k gh rqégX ml ?\Lh ys vkrh g,] tgka thos"<k fxj tk
rh g,4 thos"<k eX nk,\L7nk,\L dj Sd fnu irk pyrk g, A bl thou eX dqN Hh
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kst 'qW gksrh g,4 fGj rqe /u ugC [kstrs] ÷;ku [kstrs gks6 lalkj ugC [kstrs]
laü;kl [kstrs gks6 ca/u ugC [kstrs] eks{ [kstrs gks6 okluk ugC [kstrs] izkFZuk
[kstrs gks4 tc Sslh [kst 'qW gks tkrh g,] rks gh leiZ< gkssrk g,6 rks gh dksB
lhl dks mrkjdj j[us dks jkth gksrk g,4
vkf[jh izæu A lar iyIw nkl mls xaokj dgrs gT tks txr. dh >wOh ek;k eX Gal
k g, vk,j mls csodwG] tks izse dh vksj dne c\Pkrk g,4 fGj cqf0eku dk,u g,`
xaokj mls dgk mügkssaus ] tks vHh lalkj eX my>k g,6 bls gks' ugC ;g D;k dj
jgk g,4 bls xaokj dgk3mudh rjG ls ftügX gks' vk x;k g,] tks tkx xS gT]
mudh rjG ls bls xaokj dgk3mudh rjG ls ftügX gks' vk x;k g,] tks tkx
xS gT] mudh rjG ls bls xaokj dgk fd rw tkx 4 vk,j fGj] tks ijek®ek ds
izse eX lay≈u gks jgk g,] mldks csodwG7csodwG] ikxy dgk4 ;g fdldh rjG
ls dgk` ;g mudh rjG ls dgk] tks lksS gqS gT4
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igyk rks iyIw us viuh rjG ls dgkA 8vtgwa psr xaokj2 vc tkx2 cgqr gks x
;k49 fGj nwljk rks ø;a≈; eX dgk] etkd eX dgk] gk¬; eX dgk4 nwljk dgk fd
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os gh dgXxs38[kvks7ihvks] ek,t djks6 blls †;knk dqN Hh ugC g,4 ;g dgka dk
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tks rqégX xaokj dgs4 vk,j rqe vxj mlds ikl u tkvks rks rqégX lquus dk loky
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fe;kX dh ckr dk Hjkslk Hh D;k` nqfu;k rks cgqer eX ekurh g,4 ;g Hh\L] bl
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lar dk oDrø; i;kZîr g,4 bl lkjh nqfu;k ds oDrø;kX dk dksB ew¥; ugC g,4 S
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o cu tkSxh4 og rqégX ml ikj ys tkSxh4
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fd uke ¬ej< djus yxk3rks lalkj ds yksxkX dks csp,uh gksrh g,4 ;g csp,uh ¬o
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ij 'd gksus yxrk g, fd ge dgC xyr rks ugC dj jgs] dgC ge Hwy rks ugC
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kSaxs4 yksx le>Xxs ikxy gks xS4
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gT] esjk fnekx [jkc gks x;k g,4 D;kXfd ?j ds yksx dgrs gT fd 8fcuk dkj<
rqe izlU D;kX gks` dHh rks izlU ugC Fs igys2 rqe fcuk dkj< galrs D;kX gks`
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can djds D;k djrs gks`9
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dlh us eq>s ikxy u le>k] ;g Hh [wc gqB2 Vtnxh eX igyh nGk vkuan dh F
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dks eT le>krk gwa] og dgrh g,A 8rqe pqi jgks] rqe fc¥dqy cksyks gh er2 rqe
gks' eX ugC gks49 eTus vius csIs dks cqyk dj dgk fd rw i\Pk7fy[k g,] 'k;n rw
dqN le> tkS~ ~ ~4 mlus dgk fd vki 'kar gh jfgS6 LkŒDIj us cksyus dh e
ukgh dh g,4 vki cdokl djks gh er4 vki Kku dh ckrX er c?kjks4 vkidk f
nekx [jkc gks x;k g,4
vc bl vkneh ls dksB Hh ugC iwNrk fd ;g vkneh dks Hhrj D;k gks jgk g,2
bldks rks yksx cksyus gh ugC nsrs4 vk,j mudk fy[uk Hh Ohd g,6 os dgrs gT f
d blls eq>s vk,,j galh vk jgh g,4 blls eT vk,j ;g txr. dk [sy ns[ dj izl
U gks jgk gwa4 exj esjh izlUrk mügX fnDdr eX Lkys ns jgh g,4
iwNk g, fd vc eq>s v¬irky ls ckgj fudyus dks feysxk fd ugC` muds ?j
ds yksxkX dks fy[ok;k4 fdlh rjg ls NwIs] vkdj feydj xS4 mudkss cgqr le
>kdj Hstk g, fd vc izlUrk viuh Hhrj laHkyuk4 ;g xxjh Hj xB g,] bl
dks Nydus er nsuk4 vk,j ;g tks ghjk Hh fey x;k g,] bldks xkaO cka/ yks6 b
ldks ckj7ckj [ksydj ns[uk er4 D;kXfd yksx tc rqégX ns[Xxs fd rqe viuh xka
O [kssydj ckj7ckj ns[rs gks] mudks rks ghjk fn[kB ugC i\Lsxk] muds ikl rks
vka[X ugC gT6 os dgXxs A 8ns[rs D;k gks ckj7ckj [ksy dj` g, rkss dqN Hh ugC49
ghjk rqégX fn[kB i\Lsxk] rks rqedks galh vkSxh fd bu va/kX dks] fdlh dks fn
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jh g,4
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xaokjh ls eqDr gksuk gks] rks ikxy gksus dh r,;kjh j[uk4 D;kssafd tks ikxy gT]
os gh bl lwyh ij p\Pus tkrs gT4
;g tks lwyh yxrh g,3lkjh nqfu;k dks fn[kB i\Lus eX3;g Vlgklu g,4 ysfdu V
lgklu rks mldkss fn[kB i\Lsxk tkss bl ij fojkteku gks tkrk g,6 ;k mu Fks\Ls7
ls yksxkX dks fn[kB i\Lsxk tks fojkteku gks xS gT4 mudh la“;k vaxqfy;kX ij fx
uh tk ldrh g,4 exj 's" Hh\L] cgqer rks fof{îr le>sxk] ikxy le>sxk4
ifæpe ds ikxy[kukX eX Ssls cgqr7ls ykssx can gT] tks ikxy ugC gT6 tks iwjc eX
gksrs rks ge mügX ijegal dgrs4
ifæpe dk Sd cgqr c\Lk eukso,Kkfud g, A vkjºLhº yTx4 mlus Sd c\Lh ∂kafr
i,nk dj j[h g,4 mlus bu ikxykX ds fyS c\Ls tksj ls vkanksyu pyk;k g, fd
;s ikxy ugC gT6 ;s e¬r yksx gT3ftudks lwGh 8e¬r9 dgrs gT] Vgnw 8ijegal9 d
grs gT4 ;s e¬r gT] budks rqe ikxy[kukX eX Lkys gqS gks vk,j budks lrk jgs gks

vtgw psr xaokj
vk,j buds gkFkX eX tathjX iguk nh gT2 vk,j budk dksB dlwj ugC g,6 budk fl
GZ dlwj bruk g, fd ;s izlU gT] vkuafnr gT4
;g nqfu;k bruh nqA[h g, fd ;gka vkuafnr gksuk vijk/ g,4 ;g nqfu;k bruh~~~
bruh xaokj g, fd ;gka cqf0eku gksuk xaokjkX dh vka[kX eX ikxy fl0 gks tkuk
g,4
vkt bruk gh4
lkssB lrh ljkfgS] tj, fi;k ds lkF44
tj, fi;k ds lkF] lkssb g, ukfj l;kuh4
jg, pju fpr yk;] Sd ls vk,j u tkuh44
txr. dj, migkl] fi;k dk lax u Nks\L,4
izse dh lst fcNk;] esgj dh pknj vks\P,4
Sslh jguh jg, rt, tks Hksx7foyklk4
ekj, Hw[7fi;kl ;kn lax pyrh ¬oklk44
j,u7fnol csjksl fi;k ds jax eX jkrh4
ru dh lqf/ g, ukVg] fi;k lax cksyr tkrh44
iyIw xqQ ijlkn ls fd;k fi;k dks gkF4
lksB lrh ljkfgS] tj, fi;k ds lkF44
rq>s ijkB D;k ijh viuh vki fucsj44

viuh vki fucsj] Nksf\L xq\L fol dks [ko,4
dwoka eX rw ij,] vk,j dks jkg crko,44

vtgw psr xaokj
vk,ju dks mft;kj] elkyph tk; va/sjs4

®;kX Kkuh dh ckr] e;k ls jgrs ?sjs44
cspr fGj, diwj] vki rks [kjh [ko,4
?j eX ykxh vkx] nk,\L ds ?wj cqrko,4
iyIw ;g lkaph dg,] vius eu dks Gsj4
rq>s ijkB D;k ijh] viuh vk,j fucsj44
iyIw uhp ls Map Hk] uhp dg, uk dks;44

uhp dg, uk dks;] xS tc ls ljukB4
ukjk cfgds fe¥;ks xax eX xax dgkB44
ikjl ds ijlax] yksg ls dud dgko,4
vkfx eag, tks ij,] tj, vkxb gksb tko,44
jke dk ?j g, c\Lk] ldy Ssxqu fNi tkB4
t,ls fry dks rsy Gwy lax ckl clkB 44
Htu dsj ijrki rX] ru eu fueZy gks;4
iyIw uhp ls Map Hk] uhp dg, u dks;44
xa/jkt ;gka dgka`
[qæcw Hj Nk;h g,
gok dh ygfj;kX ds lax r,j vk;h g,4
GykX ds laiqI eX l/h ugC

vtgw psr xaokj
lhek ds ?sjs eX ca/h ugC
nwj7nwj G,yk vodk' uki yk;h g,
xa/jkt ;gka dgka ` [qæcw Hj Nk;h g,4
bl txr. eX tks lkTn;Z g,] og vlyh lkTn;Z ugC g,3vlyh lkTn;Z dh >yd ek_
g,4
bl txr. eX tks izse g,] og vlyh izse ugC g,3izse dk izfrVcc ek_4
bl txr. eX tks m®lo py jgk g,] og vlyh m®lo ugC g,3m®lo dh izfr÷of
u ek_4
xa/jkt ;gka dgka`
[qæcw Hj Nk;h g,
gok dh ygfj;kX ds lax r,j vk;h g,4
og tks jktk g, xa/kX dk] og cgqr nwj g,6 ysfdu ml xa/jkt dh [qæcw gokvkX
ds lkF r,jrh ;gka rd Hh vk x;h g,4 inkFZ eX Hh ijek®ek dk izfrVcc i\L j
gk g,4 lalkj eX Hh mldh Fks\Lh7lh lqokl g,4 bl lqokl dk lw_ id\Ldj ml i
je î;kjs dh rjG c\Pus dk uke gh HfDr g,4
lalkj eX izse dk ikO ftlus i\Pk mlus lalkj dk mi;ksx dj fy;k4 ;g ikO'ky
k g,3izkFfed ikO'kyk] tgka thou dh ije laink dk d [ x lh[k tkrk g,4
fiz; ls gks izse] izs;lh ls gks] fe_ ls gks] csIs ls gks] firk ls gks] eka ls gks] HkB
ls gks] cgu ls gks3;s lc ikO gT4 c\Lh nwj dh [cj g,4 bu ikOkX dks tks Ohd
ls lh[ ysrk g,] mlds thou eX ijek®ek dk izse i,nk gksrk g,4 vk,j tc rd o
g izse i,nk u gks tkS rc rd vkneh î;klk gh jgrk g,4 ;g izse] bl lalkj ds
izse] î;kl dks vk,j H\Ldkrs gT] txkrs gT6 cq>krs ugC4 blls vk,j vf≈u dh yiIX
izdI gksrh gT4 blls Hw[ vk,j ¬i‘I gkssrh g,4 blls {q/k xgjh gksrh g,4 blls v
larks" vk,j txrk g,4 blfyS rks ;gka dk ftruk ikuh fi;ksxs] mruh î;kl c\Pr
h pyh tkrh g,4
thll ds thou eX m¥ys[ g,4 Sd ;k_k ij vkS gT4 Sd xkao ds ckgj Qds gT4
ikuh Hjrh Sd ifugkfju ls ikuh fiykus dks dgk g,4 ifugkfju us thll dks ns
[k4 mlus dgkA 8eT uhp dqy dh gwa] 'k;n vkidks irk ugC4 esjs gkF dk ikuh
vki fiSaxs`9
thll gals vk,j thll us dgk A 8rw fG∂ erdj4 rw eq>s ikuh fiyk4 rsjk ikuh
rks esjh î;kl dks Fks\Lh7cgqr nsj dks cq>kSxk4 ;g rkss cgkuk g, rq>ls laca/ cuk
us dk4 vxj rwus eq>s ikuh fiyk;k rks eT rq>s Sslk ikuh fiykMaxk fd og lnk
ds fyS î;kl cq>k nsrk g,4 eT rsjs dqSa ij vk;k gwa] rkfd rw esjs dqSa ij vk tk
S4 rsjs iu?I ij vkuk esjk iz;kstu ls gqvk g,] rkfd eT rq>s vius iu?I ij cq
yk ywa49

vtgw psr xaokj
bl ¬_h us thll dh vka[kX eX ns[k4 ogka ije r1fîr Fh4 ogka viwoZ vkyksd Fk4
thll dh gok eX izlkn Fk4 og Hkxh xkao xB4 mlus vius xkao ds yksxkX dks
dgk fd rqe lc vk tkvks] igyh nGk fdlh vkneh eX eq>s Sslk fn[k;h i\Lk g,
fd ijek®ek >yd jgk g,4 igyh nGk fdlh vkneh dh ek,twnxh ls eq>s ijek®
ek dk izek< feyk g,4 vk,j mlus Sd 'çn Hh ugC dgk ijek®ek dk4 mlus b
ruk gh dgk g, fd tks esjs dqSa ls fiSxk] mldh î;kl lnk ds fyS cq> tkrh
g,4
ijek®ek dks ihS fcuk î;kl lnk ds fyS cq>rh ugC4 lalkj dks rks ih;ks] vk,j
ih;ks vk,j ih;ks] tüekX7tüekX rd ih;ks] {<Hj dks cq>rh yxrh g, î;kl] cq>rh
ugC fd fGj yx tkrh g,4 Sd î;kl nwljh î;kl eX ys tkrh g,6 Sd okluk nw
ljh okluk eX4 Sd bπNk nwljh bπNk dks tüekrh g,4 ijek®ek dks ih dj lc î
;kl cq> tkrh g,4
ijek®ek ;kuh ije r1fîr4
ijek®ek ;kuh vk®;afrd ifjrks"4 fGj mlds ikj dqN ikus dks ugC g,4 blfyS
mldks dgrs gT A 8ije î;kjk94 vk,j HfDr rks ml ije î;kjs dh ryk' g,4
vkt ds lw_ HfDr dh vksj xgjkb;kX eX ys pyrs gT4
8lksB lrh ljkfgS] tj, fi;k ds lkF49

8lksB lrh ljkfgS~ ~ ~49 ml izs;lh dh gh iz'alk djks] tks vius î;kjs ds lkF
tyus dks r,;kj g,6 ty tkS4
lrh dh /kj<k c\Lh viwoZ g,4 flGZ bl ns' eX i,nk gqB4 tc lrh dh /kj<k vi
us 'q0re Wi eX Fh] rks vik√Fo Fh6 t,ls ml ije dh dksB ckr ge bl tx
r. eX mrkj ykS Fs2 tks ;gka ugC ?Irh g,] tks bl {<Haxqj eX ugC ?Irh g,]
og geus lrh ds ek÷;e ls ;gka ?Ik dj crk;k Fk4 fGj tc foÎr gks x;h r
ks] c\Lh foÎr gks x;h4 fczfI' jk†; us lrh dh ftl izFk dks can fd;k6 og rks
foÎr n'k Fh6 og vlyh lrh dh /kj<k cph gh u Fh4 lrh dh /kj<k vf
r7ekuoh; g,4 vk,j ftl lrh dh izFk dks vaxzstkX us can fd;k] og vekuoh; gks
x;h Fh4
euq‘; dqN Sslk g, fd Js‘Ore Hh blds gkF eX i\Lrk g, rks nsj7vcsj xank gks t
krk g,4 'q0re Hh blds gkF eX nks] t¥nh gh /wyHjk gks tkrk g,4 vkneh dqN
Sslk g, fd lksuk Hh Nwrk g, rks feÈh gks tkrh g,4 blfyS Js‘Ore /kj<kSa Hh
vkneh ds gkF eX i\L dj tathjkX eX Py tkrh gT] foÎr gks tkrh gT4 iq≤; Hh
iki gks tkrs gT4 uhfr vuhfr gks tkrh g,4 /eZ v/eZ gks tkrk g,4 vkneh dh xa
nxh Sslh g,4
lrh dh /kj<k c\Lh viwoZ /kj<k g,4 lrh dk vFZ g, A Sd dks pkgk rks fGj m
l pkgr dks dgC vk,j u tkus fn;k4 fGj ml pkgr dks Sd eX gh iwjk Lqck fn

vtgw psr xaokj
;k4 Sd dks pkgk rks vusd dks Hqyk fn;k4 vk,j vxj vusd Hwy tkSa] rks fGj
Sd eX gh ijek®ek dk n'Zu 'qW gks tkrk g,4 D;kXfd Sd ;kuh ijek®ek4
bls le>uk4
Sd ;kuh ijek®ek6 vusd ;kuh lalkj4 tc rd rqégkjk izse vusd ij HIdrk
g,3Sd ls nwljs] nwljs ls rhljs] rhljs ls pk,Fs6 tc rd rqégkjk izse Sslk HIdr
k g,] fH[kjh g,] fH[eaxk g,6 tc rd rqégkjk izse vdai gksdj Sd txg ugC c,
O x;k g,6 tc rd rqégkjs izse us lekf/ ugC lk/ yh g,] fdlh Sd eX gh Lqcd
h ugC yxk yh g,3rc rd lalkj4 vk,j vxj izse Sd eX gh Lqcdh yxk ys] rks
mlh Sd ls ijek®ek dk }kj [qy tkSxk4 lkalkfjd izse eX c\Lk fNik g, jkt4
dk'] rqe Sd dks iwjh rjg izse dj ikvks] rks lkalkfjd izse Hh vlkalkfjd izse
eX Wikarfjr gks tkrk g,2
lkalkfjd vk,j vlkalkfjd izse eX GdZ gh D;k g,` vusd dk izse A lalkj4 Sd d
k izse A vlalkj4 rks vxj rqe lalkj eX Hh Sd dks izse dj ikvks] vk,j Sd ij
gh lc Hkafr fuNkoj gks tkvks3bl Hkafr fuNkoj gks tkvks fd mlh eX rqégkjk
thou vk,j mlh eX rqégkjh e1®;q2 vxj rqégkjk î;kjk ej tkS rks rqe Hh ej
xS4 mlls vyx rqeus u thou lkspk Fk] u tkuk Fk6 u mlls vyx thou dh
rqe d¥iuk dj ldrs gks4 mlds fcuk æokl pysxh gh ugC4 mlds dkj< gh p
yrh Fh4 mlds lax7lkF pyrh Fh4 mlds Hhrj izk< /\Ldrs Fs rks rqégkjs izk<
/\Ldrs Fs4 rqeus vius nksukX ds izk< lk{hnkj cuk fyS Fs6 Sd eX Lwck fnS Fs
4 nks flGZ nsgX jg x;h FC6 izk< Sd gks xS Fs4 rks fGj Sd ej tkS rks nwljs
dks thus dk dksB vFZ ugC cprk4
;g rks vfr7ekuoh; /kj<k Fh4 iqQ" bl MapkB ij ugC mO ldk4 iqQ" ÷;ku
dh rks Mapkb;kX ij mOk] ysfdu izse dh Mapkb;kX ij ugC mO ldk4 blfyS f¬
_;ka gh lrh gqbΩ4 HfDr ¬_h ds fyS lqxe g,4 Hko dh ckr g,4 Ôn; dh ckr
g,4
cq0 gqS] egkohj gqS] iratfy gqS3;s lc ÷;kuh gT4 ysfdu iqQ"kX eX Sd Hh vi
uh izs;lh ij ugC ejk3bruk Lwck ugC Sd eX2 iqQ" dk fpR papy gksdj nk,\L
rk gh jgk4 vusd f¬_;ka Sd iqQ" eX Lwc xbΩ6 lrh dh MapkB ij miyç/ gqbΩ4
iqQ"kX eX tks lar dh n'k g,] ogh f¬_;kX eX lrh dh n'k g,4 vk,j nksukX 'çn cus
gT lr. ls4 bls ¬ej< j[uk4 lrh D;kX dgk` tks 'çn 8lar9 dks cukrk g, 8lr.
9] ogh 'çn 8lrh9 dks cukrk g,4 lrh ;kuh lar3izse dk lar®o4 Sd eX Lwc x
;h4 bl rjg Lwc x;h fd vius thou dk vyx gksus dk dksB iz;ksstu gh u cp
k6 vyx gksus dh dksB /kj<k gh u cph] dksB fopkj u cpk4 rks tc izseh x;k
rks izseh ds lkF fprk ij p\P x;h4 bleX u rks vk®e?kr g,4 bleX u vius lk
F tcjn¬rh g,4 ;gka rks izæu gh ugC cpk4 nksukX Sd gh gks xS Fs4 blfyS u

vtgw psr xaokj
rks ;g vk®e?kr g, vk,j u ;g ¬_h vius 'jhj dh nqæeu g,4 vk,j u ;g dksB V
glk dj jgh g,4 ;g rks izse dh ije izfr‘Ok gks jgh g,4
;g rks tc lrh dh /kj<k vkdk' Nw jgh Fh] rc dh ckr4 fGj /hjs7/hjs ;g
foÎr gqB4 fGj iqQ" ds vgadkj us bldks foÎr fd;kA ¬_h ds vgadkj us bl
dks foÎr fd;k4 fGj Sslh f¬_;ka Hh lrh gksus yxC] ftudks ifr ls dqN ery
c u Fk6 ysfdu izfr‘Ok ds fyS gksus yxC4 vxj lrh u gkX rks yksx le>rs gTA
8ifrozrk ugC gks49 etcwjh ls gksus yxC4 drZø; Hko ls gksus yxC4 tks izse ls ?
Irh Fh egku. ?Iuk] og tc drZø; gks x;h rks fGj egku. ugC jgh] {q– gks x
;h] lk/kj< gks x;h4 lksp7fopkj dj ejus yxh4 yksx D;k dgXxs] yksd7ykt ls
ejus yxC4
vk,j yksx Hh Ssls ew\P Fs fd mügkXus bls fu;e Hh cuk fy;k4 vxj dksB ifr e
js] mldh i®uh mlds lkF u ejs] rks yksx dgus yxs A 8vjs] ;g Hz‘I g,4 ;g
lrh ugC g,49 rks bruk vieku vk,j vuknj gksus yxk fd mlls ;gh csgrj Fk
fd ej gh tkvks4 bruk vuknj] bruk vieku lgus ls ;gh csgrj Fk ej tkv
ks4 ysfdu ;g ej tkuk nqA[iw<Z Fk6 ;g vk®e?kr Fk4 fGj gkyr vk,j Hh fcx\
Lh4 fGj rks gkyr ;gka rd fcx\Lh fd tks f¬_;ka u ejX~ ~ ~ D;kXfd dqN f¬_;ka
Sslh Hh FC~ ~ ~ vk,j ¬okHkfod] D;kXfd thos"<k c\Lh izcy g,] gtkj eX dksB S
dk/ lrh gks ldrh g,4 tc rqe uk, lk, fuü;kucs dks Hh mlds lkF Lkyus yxksxs
rks >a>I vkSxh4 'k;n uk, blfyS lrh gks tkSa fd yksd7y†tk ls ej tkuk
csgrj g,4 yksd7ykt [ksus ls ejuk csgrj g,4 izfr‘Ok ls ej tkuk csgrj g, vizf
r‘Ok ls thus dh ctk;4 rks 'k;n gtkj eX uk, blfyS ej tkSa4 exj] os tks
uk, lk, uçcs cprh gT] muds fyS D;k mik; g,` mueX ls uk, lk, uçcs us rks ;gh
r; fd;k fd pkgs vizfr‘Ok ls thuk gks] exj thSaxs4 thuk bruk egÂoiw<Z g,2
bleX dqN mügkXus cqjk fd;k] Sslk eT dg Hh ugC jgk gwa4 bleX Vunk dh dksB
ckr gh ugC Fh6 ;g fc¥dqy ¬okHkfod g,4 ftügkXus lrh gksuk pquk3Sd gtkj
eX3mlus rks c\Lk vfrekuoh; Î®; fd;k6 mlus rks izkFZuk dk viwoZ Î®; fd;k
4 mldk rks ftruk léeku gks] Fks\Lk g,4
ysfdu ftu uk, us izfr‘Ok [ksus dh ctk; ej tkuk Ohd le>k] ;g rks vgadkj
dh iwtk g,6 bleX dqN izse dh iwtk ugC g,6 budh dksB ljkguk ugC gks ldrh4
ljkguk dh dksB tWjr ugC g,4 ;s {q– vgadkj dh cfyosnh ij feI x;C4 vk,j
ftu uk, lk, us r; fd;k u ejus dk] ;g mudk gd g,4 tks u ejuk pkgs] mls
dksB tcjn¬rh ekjs] rks ;g Vglk g,4 mudk dksB vieku djus dh tWjr ugC
g,4 os lkekü; tu gT4 ysfdu lekt us mudks tcjn¬rh ekjuk 'qW dj fn;k4 f
Gj rks Sslk bartke gks x;k fd tcjn¬rh f¬_;kX dks ys tkus yxs ej?I] ?lhI

vtgw psr xaokj
dj ys tkus yxs6 f¬_;ka Hkx jgh gT vk,j mudks ?lhIdj ys tk;k tk jgk g,4 f
¬_;kX dks tcjn¬rh fprk ij GXdk tk jgk g,4 fGj bruk ?h vk,j bruk rsy m
uds Mij GXdk tkrk Fk] rkfd vkx t¥nh id\L tkS] os t¥nh ej tkSa4 fGj
pkjkX rjG iafLr7iqjksfgr LaLs ysdj [\Ls jgrs Fs fd vxj dksB ¬_h Hkxus yxs~
~ ~ D;kXfd ejuk] tyuk vkx eX thrs th dksB lk/kj< rks ckr ugC4 mu iafLr
kX eX ls Hh dksB ugC tyrk Fk dHh4 iqQ"kX us ;g >a>I dHh yh ugC Fh4 rks
pkjkX rjG e'kyX fyS [\Ls jgrs yksx4 t,ls dksB ¬_h mleX ls Hkxus yxrh~ ~ ~
vkx eX ls dk,u u Hkxuk pkgsxk2 \tjk7lk gkF ty tkrk g, rks rqégX ih\Lk dk
irk g,6 thrs7th fdlh dks GXdksxs rks og Hkxsxh4 rks LaLkX ls mls okfil] e'kykX
ls mls okfil vkx eX fxjk nsuk~ ~ ~4 vk,j bruk /qvka djrs Fs Hh GXddj fd
fdlh dks ;g fn[k;h u i\Ls Î®;4 ;g lh/h g®;k Fh3vk,j c\Lh u1'al g®;k2
vaxzstkX us bl ø;o¬Fk dks can fd;k] Ohd fd;k fd can fd;k4 ;g ckr gh [ks x
;h Fh4 vlyh ckr rks [ks gh x;h Fh4 ;g rks vekuqf"d v®;kpkj py jgk Fk
4
exj lrh dh /kj<k rks c\Lh vn.Hqr g,4 dHh gtkj eX dksB Sd2
iyIw dgrs gT A t,ls lrh gksrh g,] Ssls gh HDr Hh gksrk g,4 HDr dk viuk dks
B thou ugC gksrk6 ijek®ek dk thou gh mldk thou gksrk g,4 mldh æokl]
HDr dh æokl4 ijek®ek ds lkF gh thus eX mls jl gksrk g,4 ijek®ek ls vy
x gksdj thus eX mls jl ugC gksrk4 ijek®ek ds lkF jgdj ujd Hh feys rks
HDr jkth gksxk vk,j ijek®ek ds fcuk c,dqaO feys rks og ykr ekj7ekj nsxk4
tj, fi;k ds lkF] lksB g, ukjh l;kuh4
tj, fi;k ds lkF] lksB g, ukjh l;kuh4 ogh ¬_h cqf0eku g,] tks izseh ds izse eX
ty tkS6 tks izse eX feI tkS6 tks izse eX ej tkS6 izse ftlds fyS lekf/ c
u tkS4 HDr rks dgrs gT fd lHh ge ukjh gT] ijek®ek dks vxj ÷;ku eX j[X
4 ijek®ek gh Sdek_ iqQ" g,6 's" rks lc ukfj;ka gT4
ukjh dk vFZ gksrk g,] ftuds Hhrj] ijek®ek ds fcuk jgus dh lkeƒ;Z ugC g,4
o1{ ij csy p\Prh g,4 csy o1{ ds fcuk ugC jg ldrh4 o1{ csy ds fcuk jg l
drk g,4 blfyS csy ukjh g,4 o1{ iqQ" g,4 ge ijek®ek ds fcuk ugC jg ldrs
6 ijek®ek gekjs fcuk jg ldrk g,4 blfyS ijek®ek iqQ" g, vk,j lkjk txr.
ukjh g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
og tks Î‘< dk jkl rqeus ns[k gks ;k lquk gks] og tks jkl eX ukprh gqB gtk
jkX7gtkjkX lf[;ka vk,j Î‘< dk chp eX ckalqjh ctkuk] og lkjs txr. dk fp_
g,6 og cz‰kaL dk fp_ g,4 Î‘< ;kuh iqQ"6 Sd6 ijek®ek4 vk,j os lkjh lf[;ka
;kuh lkjk lalkj4
euq‘; vius7vki eX iwjk ugC g,3¬_,<4 ijek®ek vius7vki eX iwjk g,3iqQ"4 euq‘
; fuHZj g,] blfyS ¬_,<4 euq‘; dks lgkjk pkfgS3blfyS ¬_,<4 iyIw dgrs gT
A ogh euq‘; l;kuk g,] gksf';kj g,] cqf0eku g,] tks izk<7î;kjs ds lkF tyus
dks r,;kj g,4 ftudks ge cqf0eku dgrs gT] mudks rks iyIw xaokj dgrs gT4 ge
cqf0eku mudks dgrs gT] tks ijek®ek dks Nks\Ldj lalkj dks id\Lus eX yxs gT4
iyIw mls cqf0eku dgrs gT] tks lc Nks\L dj ijek®ek dks ikus eX yxrk g,6 vi
us dks Nks\Ldj tkss ijek®ek dks ikus eX yxrk g,6 vius dks Hh feIk dj ijek®e
k dks [jhnus pyrk g,4
8tj, fi;k ds lkF] lksB g, ukjh l;kuh49
8lksB lrh ljkfgS~ ~ ~49 mldh gh ljkguk djks4 ml HDr dh gh iz'alk ds xh
r xkvks4
vc rks izse dh o,lh viwoZ /kj<k u jgh4 vk,j ml izse dh viwoZ /kj<k ds [ks
tkus ds dkj<] izkFZuk Hh [ks x;h] HfDr Hh [ks x;h4
eq¥yk ulQYhu dh i®uh eq>ls Sd fnu dg jgh Fh A 8lp iwNks rks cπpkX us g
ekjk rykd gksrs7gksrs Qdok fn;k49 eTus iwNk A 8og d,ls`9 rks eq¥yk ulQYhu
dh i®uh us dgk A 8rykd ds ckn cπpkX dks ikl j[us ds fyS u eT r,;kj Fh
vk,j u eq¥yk49
Ssls gh laca/ jg xS gT4 vk,ipkfjd gT4 ø;o¬Fkxr gT4 vk√Fd gTa] lkekftd gT4
lqj{k ds fyS gT] lqfo/k ds fyS gT4 ysfdu vkarfjd †;ksfr [ks x;h g,4 gk√nd
ugC gT4 vk√Fd gT] lkekftd gT] jktuhfrd gT] ysfdu /k√ed ugC gT4 vk,j tc
bl txr.. ds lkjs laca/ gh v/k√ed gks tkrs gT rks ml ije laca/ dh rjG v
ka[X mOuh eqfædy gks tkrh gT D;kXfd bügC lhf\P;kX ls rks p\P dj ge mlds eafn
j rd igqaprs gT4
ftu fnukX lrh dh ije /kj<k txr.. eX Fh] mu fnukssa cgqr f¬_;kX us ijek®ek
dks ikus dk ek,dk ik;k 4 ;g vkdf¬ed ugC Fk fd ehjka gks ldh] fd jkfc;k
gks ldh4 vkt ehjka vk,j jkfc;k dk gksuk dfOu g,4 bl ckr dh vlaHkouk g, f
d ifæpe eX ehjka gks lds6 vk,j vkt ugC dy iwjc eX Hh ugC gks ldsxh4 D;kX
fd og ckr gh [ks xB fd Sd ij lc le√ir dj nks4 leiZ< dk og Hko gh
[ks x;k4 dke7pykM laca/ gT vc4 ftlls curh g, nks fnu] Ohd4 tc rd cu
rh g,] rc rd Ohd4 tc rd vius fgr eX g, rc rd Ohd ftruk 'ks"< rqe

vtgw psr xaokj
dj ldks nwljs dk] dj yks6 vk,j bl chp ftruk 'ks"< og dj lds rqégkjk]
dj ys4 lkjs laca/ 'ks"< ds gT4
i®uh ifr ds lkF ca/h jgrh g,] D;kXfd vc dgka Nks\Ls2 bl mez eX dk,u nwljk
ifr feysxk2 cπps gT] budh ø;o¬Fk D;k gksxh2 fGj /u dgka dekSxh2 Vtnxh
Hj fcuk dekus ds jgus dh vknr i\L x;h4 vc c\Lh eqfædy gks x;h g,4 fdlh
rjg cus jgks] cukS jgks4 ifr g,] og Hh ugC Nks\Lrk6 lksprk g, A 8vc dgka
tkMa] dgka [kstwa2 fGj ls lc 'qW dWa3v] c] l ls4 Vtnxh rks gkF ls chr x
;h g,4 fGj cπps Hh gT4 fGj lekt dh izfr‘Ok dh Hh ckr g,4 fGj yksx D;k
dgXxs2 Qds jgks49 exj ;g Qduk izse dk Qduk u jgk4 ;g fookg rykd ls c
gqr fHU ugC g,4
vkt rks lk,, eX ls fuü;kucs fookg rykd ls cgqr fHU ugC gT4 flGZ dkuwuh gT4
tkss laca/ g,] og dkuwu dk g,] fd dk,u vnkyr eX tkS] vc dk,u >a>I [\Lh d
js] Sd7nwljs ij eqdnek pykS2 Ohd g,] [Cprs jgks] fdlh rjg lqfo/k cuh g,
] cukS jgks6 pykS tkvks] pkj fnu dh Vtnxh g,] chr gh tkSxh vkt ugC d
y4 brus fnu chr xS6 vk,j Fks\Ls cps] os Hh chr tkSaxs] ysfdu dksB iqyd ugC
lkF dk4 dksB vkuan ugC4 dksB jl ugC cg jgk g,4
tc lkekü; thou eX Sslk gks tkS] rkss fGj gekjh vka[X ml vlkekü; dh rjG
d,ls mOX` blfyS HfDr [ks xB g,4 yksx dgrs gT fd dfy;qx eX HfDr gh Sd
ek_ ekxZ g,6 ysfdu eq>s \tjk lansg ekywe i\Lrk g,4 tc izse gh ugC cpk rks Hf
Dr d,ls cp ldrh g,` tc izse eX gh vuü; Hko ugC jgk g, fd Sd ls gh Lqc
dh yxk ysuh g,] fd Sd ls gh iwjs7iwjs ca/ tkuk g,] tue7tue ds fyS6 tc izs
e eX gh ;g ckr ugC jgh3rks rqe dgka ls lh[ksxs HfDr dk ikO4 ;g rks izse
dk gh xf<r tc cgqr G,y tkrk g, rks HfDr curk g,4 ;g rks izse dk gh vkax
u G,yrs7G,yrs HfDr dk vkdk' curk g,4 vkaxu gh u cpk rks vkdk' rd rq
e tkvksxs d,ls`
blfyS eq>s yxrk ugC] yksx Hyk dgrs gkX fd dfy;qx eX HfDr gh Sd7ek_
mik; g,4 fn[rk ugC4 HfDr ds fyS Hh mruk gh lr;qx pkfgS] ftruk Kku
ds fyS4 vly eX HfDr vk,j Kku vyx7vyx ;qx dh ckr ugC g,4 tc ijek®
ek dh rjG vkneh dh vka[ mOrh g, rks nksukssa rjG ls mO tkrh g,3;k rks ÷;k
u ls ;k izse ls4
fdldks ikrh fy[wa vk,j fdl ijnslh dk iaF fugkWa`
d,ls eu cgykMa` esjh cfx;k lwuh] vkaxu lwuk
esjs lkFh dsoy nks gTA î;klh /jrh] xxu mnklk

vtgw psr xaokj
jkg fugkjX ø;kdqy vka[X6 eu Hh î;klk] ru Hh î;klk

ysfdu esjk izk<7iihgk d,ls viu ih dks Isjs`
vk'kvkX ds ckny chrs] liukX dk lkou lwuk
pkjkX vksj i\Ls gT yk[kX feÈh ds cstku f[yk,us]
lkjh jkr cqykus eq>dks fdrus gh cs'eZ fcNk,us]
vdlj ekdh Fs Vcfn;k jks7jksdj eq>dks ;wa dgrh g,3
fdl ij eku dWa l[h] esjs fcNqos lwus daxu lwuk
g, iwue dh jkr exj eT d,ls ix eX ik;y cka/wa
fdldh eqjyh dh /qu lqu ywa] fdl dkügk ij ru7eu okWa
;equk ds rI ij fpj7ifjfpr calh7oI Hh ek,u [\Lk g,
d,ls jkl jpkMa] esjh lkalkX dk o1ankou lwuk2
fdldks ikrh fy[wa vk,j fdl ijnslh dk iaF fugkWa`
d,ls eu cgykMa` esjh cfx;k lwuh] esjk vkaxu lwuk

iqjokB ru dks >qylkS] f[yrk pkan ns[ vylkMa
ygjkX dk xhr lrkS] galrs Gwy ns[ eqj>kMa]
Sdkdhiu ls ?cjk dj nksukX u;u ewan ywa] ysfdu
fdldk Wi fugkWa` esjs varjre dk niZu lwuk

vtgw psr xaokj
fdl ij eku dWa l[h] esjs fcNqos lwus] daxu lwuk
g, iwue dh jkr] exj eT d,ls ix eX ik;y cka/wa`
fdldh eqjyh dh /qu lqu ywa] fdl dkügk ij ru7eu okWa`
;equk ds rI ij fpj7ifjfpr calh7oI Hh ek,u [\Lk g,
d,ls jkl jpkMa] esjh lkalkX dk o1ankou lwuk
fdldk Wi fugkWa] esjs varjre dk niZu lwuk2
ugC] vxj izse [ks tkS rks HfDr Hh cp u ldsxh4 izse cps rks gh HfDr dh
laHkouk cprh g,6 D;kssafd izse ds gh ikO HfDr ds 'k¬_ dh rjG bafxr djrs
gT4 tc dksB ø;fDr fdlh Sd ø;fDr dks viwoZ Hko ls izse djrk g,] vuü; Hko
ls izse djrk g,3Sslk izse djrk g, fd viuk thou fuNkoj dj nsus dks r,;kj
g,4 rHh thou eX igyh nGk Sd ?Iuk ?Irh g,] vgadkj fol√tr gks tkrk g,
4 tc eT feIus dks r,;kj gks tkrk gwa fdlh ds izse eX rks fGj esjk vgadkj cpr
k gh ugC4 vgadkj gh dgrk g, fd feIks er] vius dks ekjks er6 nwljs dks pwl
ykss ftruk pwluk gks vius ykH ds fyS3ysfdu vius dks cpk dj4
izse vgadkj dh e1®;q g,4 izse dh ryokj fxjrh g, vgadkj ij rks vgadkj dk f
lj dI gh tkrk g,4 vk,j tc vgadkj dk flj dI tkrk g, rks rqeus ftl Sd
dks izse fd;k Fk mleX rqégX euq‘; ugC fn[k;h i\Lsxk6 t,ls gh vgadkj dk inkZ
vka[ ls gIk fd rqégX mleX ijek®ek fn[k;h i\Lsxk4 vk,j Sd eX ijek®ek fn[
tkS rks fGj rqégkjh vka[ ;ks≈; gks x;h] dq'y gks x;h4 fGj rqe tgka ns[ksxs
ogka ijek®ek fn[k;h i\Lsxk3viukX eX Hh] ijk;kX eX Hh6 fe_kX eX Hh] '_qvkX eX
Hh6 i®Fj7igk\L eX Hh4 fGj rqégkjh vka[ tgka ns[sxh] ogka ijek®ek dks gh fug
kjsxh4 Sd ckj Sd eX rks fn[ tkS] rks fGj vusd eX fn[k;h i\L tkSxk4 ysfd
u Sd eX gh u fn[k;h i\Ls rks vusd eX d,ls fn[k;h i\Ls`
blfyS eT lalkj dk fojks/h ugC gwa3HDr dHh ugC jgs gT4 HDrkX us lalkj dks
Nks\L nsus ds fyS ugC dgk4 HDrkX us dgk A lh\Ph cuk yks lalkj dh4 blh ls /h
js7/hjs HfDr dh ;k_k 'qW gksxh4 blh ls /hjs7/hjs HfDr dh rjG mOksxs4
8jg, pju fpr yk; Sd ls vk,j u tkuh4
tj, fi;k ds lkF lksB g, ukjh l;kuh449

vtgw psr xaokj
ml Sd ds gh pj<kX eX Lwch jgs4 Ôn; eX ml Sd ds gh pj< fojkteku gks
tkSa4 8jgs pj< fpr yk;9~ ~ ~4 cl mldh ¬e1fr cuh jgs4 ~ ~ ~8Sd ls vk,j u
tkuh94 vk,j Sd ijek®ek ds flok; Ôn; eX dksB nwljk Hko u gks
vd.lj yksx ijek®ek [kstrs Hh gT rks ijek®ek Hh vk,j cgqr7lh oklukvkX eX
Sd okluk gksrk g,4 /u Hh [kst jgs gT] in Hh [kst jgs gT] izfr‘Ok Hh [kst j
gs gT3vk,j lksprs gT A 8Fks\Lk ?\Lh vk/k ?\Lh ijek®ek eX Hh yxk nks] dk,u tkus
gks gh6 'k;n vk[hj eX irk pys fd g,] ejus ij irk pys fd g,] rks Sslk u
gks fd geus dqN Hh u fd;k Fk4 lc laHky yks4 nqdku Hh pyk yks] cktkj Hh
laHky yks] in dh nk,\L Hh nk,\L yks] D;kXfd dk,u tkus ijek®ek b®;kfn gks gh
u] flGZ ckrphr gh gks] rks dgC ge lalkj ls u pwd tkSa49 bldks rqe gksf';k
jh dgrs gks4 bldks rqe le>nkjh dgrs gks4 bldks rqe l;kukiu dgrs gks fd
lc laHky yks] nksukX gkF yÒá laHky yks4 ;g Hh laHky yks] mldks Hh laHky
yks~ ~ ~4
rks vkneh pk,chl ?aIs eX ?\LhHj eafnj eX pyk tkrk g,] ef¬tn eX pyk tkrk
g,] xqQ}kjk pyk tkrk g,4 ?\LhHj c,O dj i\P ysrk g,3tiqth dk ikO dj ysrk
g,] fd xhrk i\P ysrk g,] fd dqjku dh vk;rX nksgjk ysrk g,4 lksprk g,A pyks H
xoku ls fuiIs6 vc lalkj eX yxX4 rsBl ?aIs lalkj eX nk,\Lrk g,] Sd ?aIk ijek®
ek dks ns nsrk g,4 ;g dksB HfDr dh ckr ugC4 HDr rks pk,chl ?aIs vg√u' ij
ek®ek eX Lwck g,4 vk,j Sslk Hh ugC fd HDr lalkj ls Hkx tkrk g,4 lalkj ds
lkjs dke dks djrk jgrk g,6 t,ls dksB vfHusrk djrk gks ukId eX4 mlus Hstk
g,] rks mldk dke rks iwjk dj nsuk g,4 ysfdu drkZ7Hko ugC ykrk4 eT dj jg
k gwa] Sslk Hko i,nk ugC djrk4 og djok jgk g, rks djrk tkrk g,4 x1g¬Fh nh
rks x1g¬Fh4 cπps fnS rks cπps4 nqdku pyokrk g, rks nqdku pyk ysrs gT4 ysfd
u Hhrj vg√u' pk,chl ?aIs ikO py jgk g,] ¬e1fr py jgh g,] lqjfr py jgh
g,4 lksrs7tkxrs ;kn mldh gh cuh g,4 lalkj dh gj vo¬Fk eX] ysfdu ;kn m
ldh rjG yxh gqB g,4
dchj dgrs gT A t,ls ifugkfju ikuh Hj dj ?j dh rjG pyrh g,] flj ij e
Idh laHkys g,] nks vk,,j rhu eIfd;ka laHkys g,] gkF Hh ugC yxkrh eIfd;kX d
k] lgsfy;kX ls ckrX djrh pyrh g,] xhr xkrh pyrh g,] xi'i djrh pyrh g,
4 ;g lc xi'i Hh pyrh g,] jkg ij pyuk Hh i\Lrk g,] eIds flj ij Hh gTa
] fGj Hh mldk ÷;ku rks eIdks dks laHkys j[rk g,4 iwjs oDr lqjfr rkss mldh
eIdks eX yxh jgrh g,4 t,ls eka lksrh g, jkr] rwGku mOs] vkaf/;ka pyX] vkdk
' eX cknykX dh xtZuk gks] mldh uCn IwIrh4 mldk NksIk7lk cπpk \tjk7lk dqu
equkS] vk,j mldh uCn IwI tkrh g,4 D;kX` Sd lqjfr cuh4 jkr dh uCn eX Hh
mls ;kn g, fd NksIk cπpk g,4 jkr dh uCn eX Hh mls ;kn g, fd NksIs cπps d
h tWjrX gT4 jkr dh uCn eX Hh izse dk /kxk ca/k g,4 vka/h vkrh g, rks uCn u

vtgw psr xaokj
gC IwIrh4 ckny ?qe\Lrs gT rks uCn ugC IwIrh4 fctyh d\Ldrh g, rks uCn ugC
IwIrh4 ysfdu ;g NksIk7lk cπpk \tjk dquequkrk g, fd uCn IwI tkrh g,4 Sd lq
jfr dk /kxk Hhrj ca/k g,4 t,ls ifugkfju viuh eIfd;kX eX ÷;ku dks j[rh g,
3djrh vk,j lc dke g, ysfdu ÷;ku eIdh eX yxk jgrk g,6 t,ls eka vius cπ
ps eX ÷;ku dks j[rh g,3Sslk HDr lalkj eX jgrk g,] ysfdu ÷;ku ijek®ek eX
j[rk g,4 ÷;ku ijek®ek eX jgrk g,] HDr lalkj eX jgrk g,4
HfDr dh c\Lh vuwOh dhfe;k g,4 lalkj eX HDr jgrk g,] ysfdu lalkj dks vius
Hhrj ugC j[rk6 vius Hhrj rks ijek®ek dks clkS j[rk g,4 nqdku ij c,O
dj nqdku Hh pykrk g,] xzkgd vkrk g, rks xzkgd eX Hh jke dks gh ns[rk g,4
jke dh Fks\Lh lsok dk ek,dk feyk g, rks dj nsrk g,4 ij ;gka Hh jke g,] ogka
Hh jke g,4 jke dks {<Hj dkss pwdrk ugC] Hwyrk ugC4
8jg, pj< fpr yk; Sd ls vk,j u tkuh4
txr. dj, migkl] fi;k dk lax u Nks\Ls49
vk,j txr. rks fufæpr migkl djrk g,] djsxk6 D;kXfd ;g rks txr. dks ikxyi
u yxsxk4 8;g D;k ckr g,` fdldh ;kn eX yxs gks` ;g fdldh /qu ctk jgs
gks` d,lk ijek®ek ` dgka izek< g,` dqN dke dh ckrX djks4 dqN vk,j /u d
ek yks4 Fks\Lk vk,j in c\Pk yks4 Fks\Lk vk,j c\Lk edku cuk yks49 ;s lc ckrX] rks
lalkj dgrk g,] fc¥dqy Ohd4
ukud dks muds firk us] c\Lh dksf''X dC3dqN dke eX yx tkS] dqN /a/k dj
ys4 ¬oHkorA iz®;sd firk pkgrk g, fd csIk dqN djs] dekS4 fdlh us lykg
nh fd bldks dqN QiS ns nks] [jhnus Hstks6 dqN lkeku [jhn ykS] dqN csp
ykS] ys tkS] ø;kikj djs4 dqN yxsxk dke eX rks Ohd] ugC rks ;g [jkc gks
tkSxk4 ;g /hjs7/hjs lk/qvkX ds l®lax eX [jkc gqvk tk jgk g,4
dqN QiS ns dj mügX Hstk4 tkrs oDr dgk fd ns[] ykH dk [;ky j[uk D;kXf
d ykH ds fcuk /a/s eX dksB vFZ ugC g,4 ukud us dgk A Ohd] [;ky j[waxk4
os nwljs fnu ?j okfil vk xS4 [kyh pys vk jgs Fs vk,j c\Ls izlU Fs4 firk us
iwNk A D;k gqvk] c\Lk izlU fn[k;h i\Lrk g,2 bRh t¥nh Hh vk x;k2 vk,j dq
N lkeku b®;kfn dgka g,`
mügkXus dgk A 8lkeku Nks\Lkss ] ykH dek yk;k gwa4 dacy [jhn dj yk jgs Fs] j
kg eX lk/q fey xS4 os lc uaxs c,Os Fs4 lnñ ds fnu Fs] lcdkss ckaI fnS4 vkius
dgk Fk u fd ykH~ ~ ~29
firk us flj OkXd fy;k gkssxk] fd bl ykH ds fyS Fks\Ls gh dgk Fk4 dgka ds y
GaxkX dks] fGtwy ds vknfe;kX dks dacy ckaI vk;k2 Ssls dgC /a/k gkssxk` ysfdu
ukud us dgk A vkius gh dgk Fk fd dqN ykH djds vkuk4 vc eTus ns[k fd

vtgw psr xaokj
vxj dacy ykdj cspwaxk] nl7ipkl QiS dk ykH gksxk6 ysfdu bu ijek®ek ds
î;kjkX dks vxj ckaI fn;k rks c\Lk ykH gksxk4
fGj uk,djh ij yxk fn;k4 xkao ds lwcsnkj ds ?j uk,djh yxk nh 4 lh/k lknk
dke fnyok fn;k4 dke Fk fd tks flikfg;kX dks jkst Hkstu fn;k tkrk Fk] og
mudks rk,ydj ns nsuk4 rks og fnuHj rk,yrs jgrs rjktw ysdj4 Sd fnu rk,y
rs7rk,yrs lekf/ yx xB4 jl rks Hhrj ijek®ek eX yxk Fk4 rk,yrs jgrs Fs] c,
Os jgrs Fs nqdku ij] dke djok jgs Fs firk rks djrs Fs6 ysfdu Hhrj rks ;kn
ijek®ek dh py jgh Fh4 mlh ;kn ds dkj< ;g c\Lh ∂kafrdkjh ?Iuk ?I x
;h4 Sd fnu rk,yrs7rk,yrs la“;k vk;h3lkr] vkO] uk,] nl] ≈;kjg] ckjg vk,j
rsjg3rks iatkch eX 8rsjg9 rks ugC g,] 8rsjk9 g,4 rks 8rsjk9 'çn mOrs gh mldh
;kn vk x;h4 og ;kn rks Hhrj py gh jgh Fh4 ml ;kn ls lw_ tq\L x;k4 8rs
jk9 ;kuh ijek®ek dk4 fGj rks e¬r gks xS] fGj rks exu gks xS4 fGj rks 8rs
jk9 ls vkxs c\Ps gh ugC4 fGj rks rk,yrs gh xS4 tks vk;k] mldks gh rk,yrs xS
38rsjk9 vk,j 8rsjk92 [cj igqap x;h lwcsnkj ds ikl fd bldk fnekx [jkc gks
x;k g,4 os 8rsjk9 gh ij vIdk g,] vk,j lHh dks rk,yrk tk jgk g,6 ftruk ft
ldks tks ys tk jgk g,] ys tk jgk g,2 nqdku yqIok nsxk4 id\Ldj cqyok;k x;k4
og c\Ls e¬r Fs4 mudh vka[kX eX c\Lh †;ksfr Fh4 iwNkA 8;g rqe D;k dj jgs g
ks` mügkXus dgk A vkf[jh la“;k vk x;h] vc blds vkxs la“;k gh D;k` 8rsjk9
ds vkxs vc vk,j tkus dks txg dgka g,` ckdh rks esjs dk G,yko g,4 8rsjs9 dh
ckr vk x;h] [®e gks x;k esjs dk G,yko6 vc eq>s {ek djks] eq>s tkus nks4
vkt tks etk ik;k g, rsjk dg dj] vc mldks pwduk ugC pkgrk4 vc rks pk,
chl ?aIs rsjk gh rsjk dWaxk4 mldk gh lc g,4 ogh g,4 vkt 8esjk7esjk9 x;k4
vkt rks rsjk gh gks x;k4
¬ej< t,ls7t,ls rqégkjk l?u gksxk] txr. rks migkl djsxk49 yksx rks gals4 yksxkX
us dgk A ukud ikxy gks xS4
8txr. djs migkl] fi;k dk lax u Nks\L,4
izse dh lst fcNkS esgj dh pknj vks\P,449
nqfu;k galh djs3djsxh gh3bls ¬ohdkj dj ysuk4 blls vü;Fk dh vk'k Hh er
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l u djs rks le>uk fd dqN Hwy gks jgh g,4
ykvks®lq us dgk g,A tc eT dqN l®; dh ckr dgrk gwa rks yksx galrs gT] migkl
djrs gT6 rc eT fufæpr le> tkrk gwa fd tk, eTus dgk] og l®; gh gksuk pkf
gS4 vxj og l®; u gksrk rks ykssx migkl D;kX djrs2

vtgw psr xaokj
Sd Gdhj Fs A egk®ek Hxokunhu4 os eq>ls cksys fd tc Hh eT yksxkX dks rkyh
ctkrs lqurk gwa~ ~ ~ c\Ls î;kjs oDrk Fs~ ~ ~ rks eT nqA[h gkss tkrk gwa4 D;kssafd t
c yksx rkyh ctk jgs gT rks eTus tWj dksB xyr ckr dgh gksxh4 tks yksxkX rd
dh le> eX vk jgh g,] og xyr gh gksuh pkfgS4 yksx brus xyr gT2
os c\Ls ukjkt gks tkrs Fs] tc muds cksyus eX dksB rkyh ctk ns4 c\Ls ukjkt gks
tkrs Fs fd eTus dksB Sslh xyr ckr dgh fd rqe rkyh ctkrs gks2 yksx rks rk
yh ctkdj izlU gksrs gT] lqudj izlU gksrs gT fd rkyh ctk;h tk jgh g,6 os c\
Ls ukjkt gks tkrs Fs4 os dgrs Fs A eT cksywaxk gh ugC] vxj rkyh ctk;h4 rqeus
rkyh ctk;h3eryc fd dqN xyr ckr gks x;h4
ykvks®lq Ohd dg jgk g, fd vxj yksx migkl u djrs rks eT le> ysrk fd ;
g l®; gksxk gh ugC4 l®; dk rks lnk migkl gksrk g,] D;kXfd yksx brus vl®
; gT4 yksx >wOs gT] blfyS l®; ij galrs gT4 galdj vius dks cpkrs gT4 mudh
galh vk®ej{k g,4
8txr. djs migkl] fi;k dk lax u Nks\L,4
izse dh lst fcNk; esgj dh pknj vks\P,449
fGdj gh er djuk lalkj dh6 rqe rks viuh izse dh lst fcNk ysuk vk,j ijek
®ek dh ;kn djuk fd rqe vkvks] rqégkjs fyS lst r,;kj dj j[h g,4
8izse dh lst fcNk;] esgj dh pknj vks\P,4 vk,j dQ<k dh pknj vks\Puk4 izse dk
fc¬rj cukuk vk,j dQ<k dh pknj cuk ysuk4 lalkj ds izfr dQ<k j[uk] ij
ek®ek ds izfr izse j[uk3cl ;s nks phtX l/ tkSa4 galusokykX ds izfr dQ<k j
[uk] ukjktxh er j[uk4 vxj ukjktxh j[h rks os thr tkSaxs4 vxj dQ<k
j[h] rkss gh rqe thr ikvksxs4 os galX] rks ¬ohdkj djuk fd Ohd gh galrs gT4 t
gka os [\Ls gT] ogka ls mügX galh vkrh g, ge ij] Ohd gh g,4 mudh f¬Ffr eX Ss
lk gh gksuk ¬okHkfod g,4 mu ij dQ<k j[uk4
8Sslh jguh jg, rt, tks Hksx7foyklk49
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ek®ek ds ¬ej< eX vius7vki Hksx7foykl NwI tkrk g,4
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thou eX Hjh g,] mldkss dgka Hksx7foykl dh ;kn jg tkrh g,2 og rks ijeHksx
Hksx jgk g,6 vc rks NksIs7eksIs Hksx dh ckr gh dgka2 ghjs cjl jgs gkX rks dksB
dad\L7i®Fj churk g,` ve1r cg jgk gks rks dksB ukyh ds xans ikuh dks Hj d

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j ?j ykrk g,` tgka GwykX dh o"kZ gks jgh gks] ogka dksB nqxΩ/ lesIrk g,` tgka
lπpk lq[ fey jgk gks ogka {<Haxqj lq[ dh dk,u Vprk djrk g,`
ijek®ek dh e¬rh eX jgs4 ijek®ek ds vkuan7Hko eX jgs4 ijek®ek ds izse eX j
gs vk,j txr.. ds izfr dQ<k ls Hjk vk,j lqjfr dh /kjk cgs4 cl fGj vius7vk
i Sslh jguh i,nk gks tkrh g,] thou dk Sslk Pax] thou eX Sslh p;kZ i,nk gks
tkrh g, fd Hksx7foykl vius7vki NwI tkrs gT4 Nks\Lus ugC i\Lrs] Nks\Lus i\LX]
rks ckr gh xyr gks x;h4 Nks\Lus i\LX rks ?ko jg tkSaxs6 NwI tkSa rks c\Lk ¬ok¬
ƒ; vk,j c\Lk lkTn;Z gksrk g,4 ø;FZ dks Nks\Luk i\Ls rks mldk vFZ gqvk fd vHh
dqN lkFZdrk fn[k;h i\Lrh Fh] blfyS ps‘Ik djuh i\Lh] Nks\Luk i\Lk4 ø;FZ ø;
FZ dh Hkafr fn[k;h i\L tkS] rks fGj ps‘Ik ugC djuh i\Lrh] gkF [qy tkrs gT
] ø;FZ fxj tkrk g,4 vkneh ihNs yk,Idj Hh ugC ns[rk4
8jguh jg, rt, tks Hksx7foyklk4
ekjs Hw[7î;kl] ;kn lax pyrh ¬oklk449
fGj rks Hw[7î;kl rd dh ;kn ugC jg tkrh] D;kXfd æokl7æokl eX mlh dh g
h ;kn pyrh g,4 dgka dk Hksx] dgka dk foykl2 dk,u /u dks bdØs djus eX i\L
rk g,2 dk,u in dh Vprk djrk g,2 dk,u vknj7leknj [kstrk g,2 dk,u léeku
[kstrk g,2 ftldks ml izk<7î;kjs dh rjG ls eku feyus yxk] bl lalkj eX dks
B eku vc vFZ ugC j[rk4 8ekjs Hw[7î;kl] ;kn lax pyrh ¬oklk49 ;g tks æ
okl ds lkF ;kn cgus yxrh g,] blls Hw[7î;kl rd ej tkrh g,4
Sd rqeus ckr dHh [;ky dh3cgqr eukso,Kkfud g,2 tc rqe nqA[h gksrs gks] rq
e †;knk Hw[s7î;kls vuqHo djrs gks4 tc re nqA[h gksrs gks] rc rqe †;knk Hks
tu dj ysrs gks4 D;kXfd nqA[h vkneh Hhrj [kyh7[kyh ekywe i\Lrk g,3fdlh
ls Hh Hj yks] fdlh rjg Hj yks Hhrj dk x∏k2 lq[h vkneh de Hkstu djr
k g,4 ije lq[ eX rks Hw[ Hwy gh tkrh g,4 ije lq[ eX rqe Ssls Hjs ekywe i\L
rs gks Hhrj] fd dgka Hw[] dgka î;kl2
tc Hh lq[ ?Irk g, rks vkneh Hj tkrk g,4 tc Hh thou eX nqA[ gksrk g,] r
ks vkneh tcjn¬rh vius dks Hjus yxrk g,6 [kyh7[kyh ekywe i\Lrk g,38pykss
fdlh Hh pht ls Hj yks49
lq[h vkneh [kyh jg tkrk g,] D;kXfd lq[ dkGh Hjk gqvk g,4 nqA[h vkneh d,
ls [kyh jgs2 eukso,Kkfud dgrs gT fd ftuds thou eX izse g,] muds thou eX †
;knk Hkstu dk jksx ugC gksrk4 ftuds thou eX izse ugC g,] os †;knk Hkstu dj
us yxrs gT4 os izse dh deh Hw[ ls iwjh djus yxrs gT4 tks izse ls feyuk pkfgS
Fk] og Hkstu ls gh iwjk djus yxrs gT4 vk,j blds ihNs jkt g,4 cπps dk tks

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igyk vuqHo g, txr.. eX] og Hw[ dk vk,j izse dk Sd lkF g,] tq\Lk gqvk g,4
eka ls gh mldks izse feyrk g, vk,j eka ls gh nw/ feyrk g,4 rks igyk tks vuqH
o g, mldks] mleX izse vk,j Hkstu tq\Lk gksrk g,] la;qDr gksrk g,4 og tks\L bruk
xgjk g, fd fGj Hwyrk ugC4 blfyS rks rqe tc fdlh ds izfr izse izdI dju
k pkgrs gks] rks Hkstu ij cqykrs gks2 D;kX` vkf[j izse izdI djus ds fyS Hkst
u ij cqykus dh D;k tWjr g,` tWjr g,] D;kXfd Hkstu vk,j izse nksukX lkF tq\
Ls gT4 ftldks rqe Hkstu ij cqyk ysrs gks] og izseh gks tkrk g,] fe_ gks tkrk
g,4
yksx vd.lj ;g vuqHo djrs gT fd tc mügX fdlh nwljs ls dqN dke dh ckr f
udyokuh gks rks mls Hkstu djus ds fyS gksIy ys xS ;k ?j ys xS4 tc nksu
kX Hkstu djrs gksrs gT] ckr djrs gksrs gT] rc vklku gksrk g, ekeyk r; dj
ysuk4 blfyS nqdkunkj] ls¥le,u] chek ds StXI Hkstu ij cqyk ysrs gT fd pyks
] dy gekjs lkF Hkstu djks4 ogka lqxerk i\L tkrh g,4 ogka vkneh gydk gks
rk g,] ftYh de gksrk g,4
rqeus ;g ns[k fd yksx jkr dks vd.lj] lksus ds igys] vxj Sd fxykl xje
nw/ ih yX rks uCn vπNh vkrh g,4 D;kX` og xje nw/ mügX fGj NksIk cπpk cuk
nsrk g,4 nw/ xje] og cpiu ;kn vk tkrk g,4 eka ls nw/ igyh nGk feyk Fk
] xje7xje nw/ feyk Fk] vk,j izse Hh feyk Fk4 ml izse vk,,j nw/ ls Hjdj
og xgjh uCn lks tkrk g,4
Hkstu vk,j izse dk c\Lk xgjk laca/ g,4 rks tc rqégkjs thou eX Hkstu c\P tkS
cgqr rks le>uk] fd dgC izse dh deh i\L jgh g,] rks izse dh deh rqe Hkst
u ls iwjh dj jgs gks4 vd.lj Sslk gksrk g, fd tks eka cπps dks izse djrh g,] o
g cπpk cgqr nw/ ugC ihrk4 og gtkj >a>IX [\Lh djrk g, nw/ ihus eX4 le>k
uk i\Lrk g,] cq>kuk i\Lrk g,] eka dks ckj7ckj ?sj dj ykuk i\Lrk g, fd fGj i
h ys] dqN ;gka7ogka dh ckr djuh i\Lrh g,4 vk,j og nw/ ugC ihrk] og fGdj
ugC djrk4 tc izse g, rks mls Hjkslk g,] fd tc pkfgS nw/ fey tkSxk4 izse
eX Sd J0k g,] Hjkslk g,4 ysfdu vxj eka cπps dks izse u djrh gks le>ks] u
lZ gks] eka u gks6 t,lk fd cgqr7lh eka ul˜ gh gT] eka rks dHh7dHh dksB gksrh g,
6 vxj eka cπps dks izse u djrh gks] tcjn¬rh eku fy;k vc ;g gks x;k i,nk
rks Ohd g,] fdlh rjg [Cp jgs gT] pkgrs rks ugC Fs] dgka dh >a>I flj ij
vkx;h3vxj Sslh eka gks rkss cπpk mldk ¬ru Nks\Lrk gh ugC D;kXfd mls Lj
yxrk g, fd vHh Nks\L fn;k rks ihNs feysxk nw/ fd ugC feysxk] bldk dqN i
Ddk Hjkslk ugC g,] J0k ugC i,nk gksrh4
vd.lj izse dh deh gksus ds dkj< cπps †;knk Hkstu djus yxrs gT 'qW ls gh4
Sd vuqikr g,4
dgrs gT iyIwnkl

vtgw psr xaokj
8Sslh jguh jg, rt, tkss Hksx7foyklk4

ekjs Hw[7î;kl ;kn lax pyrh ¬oklk49
Sslh jguh jg,~ ~ Sslh izHq dh ;kn xwatrh jgs Hhrj fd mlls Sslk Hjk7iwjk jgs
fd Hw[7î;kl feI tkS4 vc ;g c\Lk GdZ gqvk4 Sd rks miokl djuk vk,j S
d miokl dk vius7vki gks tkuk4
gekjs ikl nks 'çn gT] nksukX ds vyx7vyx vFZ gT4 ysfdu geus bu nksukX dks S
d lkF tks\Ldj c\Lh f[p\Lh cuk yh g,4 Sd 'çn g, 8vu'u9 vk,j Sd 'çn g,
8miokl94 vu'u dk eryc gksrk g, A ps‘Ik ls Hkstu u djuk4 miokl dk v
FZ gksrk g, A mlds ikl c,O tkuk] ijek®ek ds ikl c,O tkuk6 mi»»okl6 mlds
fudI gks tkuk4 mlds fudI gksus ls Hw[7î;kl Hwy tkSa4 mldh ;kn brus dj
hc gks] og brus djhc gks fd dk,u fG∂ djrk g,4 tc rqégkjk dksB izseh ?j v
k tkrk g,] fe_ vk tkrk g,] ml fnu rqe dgrs gks A Nks\Lks vc] vHh igys ck
rphr gks ys6 Hkstu ihNs ns[Xxs4 jkr rqe dgrs gks fd vc jkrHj c,Odj xi'
i dj yX6 vkt lksuk tkS rks tkS] dksB gtkZ ugC4 vkt nks izseh fey c,Os gT6
u Hw[ dh fG∂ g,] u uCn dh fG∂ g,4 vkt iqjkus jl eX Lwc xS gT4
ijek®ek ds rks ikl gksus dk rks eryc g, ije î;kjk fey x;k] tuekX7tuekX
ls [ks;k gqvk fey x;k6 ftls [ksS vuardky chr pqdk Fk vk,j ftldks ge r
yk'rs jgs] ryk'rs jgs] og fey x;k3mlds fey tkus ij dgka Hw[] î;kl6 d
gka Hksx] dgka foykl2 os lgt Hwy tkrs gT4 ;g tks lgt thou eX ®;kx Gfyr
gksrk g,] bldh efgek vikj g,4
ekjs tks Hw[ î;kl ;kn lax pyrh ¬oklk44
j,u fnol csgksl] fi;k ds jax eX jkrh49
fnu7jkr csgks' jgs] e¬rh eX jgs] 'jkc eX Lwck jgs3izHq ds izse dh 'jkc ihrk
jgs4
8j,u fnol csgkssl] fi;k ds jax eX jkrh49 mldk jax Nk;k jgs] mldk Pax Nk;k
jgs4 mldk xhr xwatrk jgs4 mldh e¬rh eX >wes] ukps4 mldh ckalqjh ctrh jgs]
mldh ckalqjh ds lkF rqégkjs Hhrj Hh vkuan dk daiu pyrk jgs4
8j,u fnol csgksl] fi;k ds jax eX jkrh49

vtgw psr xaokj
vc ;g GdZ le>uk4 lk/kj<rA ftudks rqe ®;kxh dgrs gks] os lalkj dk lq[
rks Nks\L nsrs gT vk,j ijek®ek dk lq[ fey ugC jgk g,4 mudk thou c\Lk mn
kl gks tkrk g,4 muds thou eX rqe m®lo u ikvksxs4 rqe Sslk u ikvksxs fd dks
B /qu ct jgh g, ije dh4 rqe Sslk u ikvksxs fd dkssB oh<k ct jgh g,4 lalk
j eX Fks\Lh7cgqr tks Hkx7nk,\L Fh] og Hh pyh x;h6 {<Haxqj Fk lq[] ysfdu F
k rks] {<Haxqj Hh u jgk vk,j 'kæor feyk ugC4 ;s /ksch ds x/s gT3?j ds u
?kI ds2 ;s rqégkjs rFkdfFr egk®ek vdlj Sslh gkyr eX gT4
iyIw dgrs gT A igys ijek®ek ds jl eX Lwcuk lh[ yks] fGj lalkj ls fudyus
eX dksB ck/k ugC vkrh4 igys 'kæor rks ik yks] {<Haxqj dks Nks\Lus eX D;k j
[k g,] NwI tkSxk4
3ml î;kjs ds jax eX Lwck jgs4
HfDr rks Hxoku dks Ssls ihrh g, t,ls fi;Dd\L 'jkc dks ihrk g,4 dgrs gT] ft
l jkr thll fonk gqS vius f'‘;kX ls] mügkXus nkor nh3vkf[jh nkor4 og nk
or c\Lh î;kjh g,4 mleX mügkXus gkF ls jksIh rks\Lh vk,j vius f'‘;kX dks ckaIh4 f
Gj vius gkF ls 'jkc Pkyh vk,j vius f'‘;kX dks ckaIh4 tc os jksIh ckaIrs Fs
rks mügkXus dgk A 8[;ky j[uk ;g esjk 'jhj g,49 vk,j tc mügkXus 'jkc ckaIh
rks mügkXus dgk A 8[;ky j[uk] ;g eT gwa49 ;g izrhd dh ckr g,4
ijek®ek dks tks 'jkc dh rjg ihus ds fyS r®ij g,] ogh HDr g,4 HDr ;kuh
fi;Dd\L4 HDrkX dk tks teko g,] og rks e/q'kyk dk teko g,4 vka[ eX e¬rh
gks] i,j eX u1®; gks] Ôn; eX m®lo gks4
ru dh lqf/ g, ukVg fi;k lax cksyr tkrh449
vk,j viuk rks gks' gh ugC jgk vc4 viuk gks' dgka] tc ijek®ek lkeus [\Lk
gks rks viuk gks' dgka2 8ru dh lqf/ g, ukVg~ ~ ~94 vc viuk rks dqN gks' g
h ugCA vius ru dk rks dqN irk ugC4 8fi;k lax cksyr tkrh4~ ~ ~9 ysfdu m
ldh ;kn iwjh g,4 mlds lkF ckr py jgh g,] izkFZuk py jgh g,] iwtk py jgh
g,] vpZuk py jgh g,4
HDr rks ijek®ek ls Ssls ckr djrk g,] t,ls lkeus ijek®ek [\Lk gks4 mlds lk
F ijek®ek dk laokn pyrk g,4 vius dks rks Hwy tkrk g,] ijek®ek gh lkeus
gksrk g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
ru dh lqf/ g, ukVg] fi;k lax cksyr tkrh44

iyIw xqQ izlkn ls fd;k fi;k dks gkF49
iyIw dgrs gT A xqQ dh Îik ls ijek®ek dks gkF eX dj fy;k4 8fd;k fi;k dks
gkF49
8lkssB lrh ljkfgS tj, fi;k ds lkF49
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j, fi;k ds lkF49
c\Lk myIk mik; g,4 vius dks xaok nks rks ijek®ek gkF eX vk tkrk g,4 vius
dks feIk nkss rks ijek®ek gkF eX vk tkrk g,4 vius dks mlds pj<kX eX Lky nks
rkss rqégkjs dçts eX vk tkrk g,4 Hxoku HDr ds o' eX g,4 exj rqe vius dks
feIk nks4 og 'rZ iwjh djuh gksrh g,4
;g vkuk dksB vkuk g, fd cl jleu pys vkS4
;g feyuk [kd feyuk g, fd fny ls fny ugC feyrk4
rqégkjh izkFZukSa >wOh gT4 rqégkjh iwtkSa >wOh gT4 D;kXfd fny ls fny rks feyrk
gh ugC6 rqe vius dks rks Hwy gh ugC ikrs4
;g feyuk [kd feyuk g, fd fny ls fny ugC feyrk2 ysfdu fny ls fny rks
rHh feys tc rqe viuh lkjh lqj{k ds vk;kstu Nks\L nks6 rqe leiZ< djks6 rq
e lkjs '¬_ Lky nks4 rqe dgks fd 8;g eT rsjh 'j< vk;k4 cpkuk gks cpk] f
eIkuk gks feIk4 rw tks Hh djs] ogh esjk lk,Hk≈; 4 rsjh ejth] esjh ejth49 Ss
lk tc HDr dg ikrk g, ifjiw<Z Ôn; ls] lexz Ôn; ls] mlh {< ijek®ek g
kF eX gks tkrk g,4
8rq>s ijk;h D;k ijh] viuh vki fucsj49
vk,j iyIw dgrs gT A ;s ckrX lqudj nwljkX ds fopkj eX er i\L tkuk fd vjs] nw
ljkX ds thou eX ijek®ek ugC g,6 fd vjs cspkjkX dks d,ls ijek®ek fnyokSa6 fd
nwljkX ds thou eX d,ls jks'uh ykSa 2 bl Vprk eX er i\L tkuk4 ;g Hh rjd
hc g,3 vius dks cpk ysus dh4 cgqr yksx gT Ssls4
vHh ijlkX Sd ;qod vk;k teZuh ls4 vk,j mlus dgk A 8vk,j lc rks Ohd g,]
eT vkils ;g iwNus vk;k gwa fd nqfu;k eX bruh xjhch g,] bruh ijs'kuh g,] yks
x brus nqA[ eX gT] blds fyS eT D;k dj ldrk gwa` 9
eTus mlls iwNk A 8igys eT Sd loky rq> ls iwNwa` rq nqA[ ds ckgj g,` Vprk7i
js'kuh ds ckgj g,`9

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mlus dgk A 8eT rks ckgj ugC gwa49 rks eTus dgk A 8igys rw vius dks rks ckgj
dj ys4 ;g rjdhc fd nqfu;k nqA[ eX g,] nqfu;k dks d,ls eT nqA[ ds ckgj ykMa
3;g c\Lh rjdhc g,4 blls vius nqA[ vk,j VprkvkX dks Hqykus dk mik; fey
tkrk g,4 blls viuh rjG ihO dj ysus dh lqfo/k gks tkrh g,49
8ysfdu rw d,ls nwljkX ds thou eX jks'uh ykSxk93eTus mlls dgk3 8vHh rsjs th
ou eX jks'uh ugC g,4 rw d,ls nwljkX ds cq>s nhS tykSxk] vHh rsjk nh;k cq>k
g,4 vHh rks [rjk ;g g, fd rw fdlh ds tyrs nhS dks cq>k er vkuk4 rw Îik
dj4 rsjh c\Lh Îik gkssxh] vHh rw nwljkX dh Vprk er dj4 rw viuh Vprk ig
ys dj ys49
?j ls 'qQvkr djks4 vius dks cnyks4 rqe cny tkvksxs rks rqégkjs thou eX Sslh
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vk,ju dks mft;kj] e'kyph tk; va/sjs49
ns[k u e'kyph tc jkr eX pyrk g, e'ky ysdj] rks [qn rks va/sjs eX pyrk
g,] D;kXfd e'ky dh jks'uh rks ihNs gksrh g,4 da/s ij j[s g, e'ky] rks e'ky
dh jkss'uh rks ihNs i\Lrh g,6 tks ihNs vk jgs gT mudks dqN fn[kB Hh i\Ls] ysf
du e'kyph va/sjs eX pyuk py jgk g,4 vc ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g, fd ftl
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gks rks e'ky rks e'kyph dks ugC pykrh6 e'kyph py jgk g, vk,j e'ky dks
da/s ij j[s gT] vk,j e'ky dh jks'uh ns[dj nwljs mlds ihNs py jgs gT4 vk,
j e'kyph [qn va/sjs eX py jgk g,4
8vk,ju dks mft;kj e'kyph tk; va/sjs4
®;kX Kkuh dh ckr e;k ls jgrs ?sjs449
Ssls rqégkjs rFkdfFr iafLrkX dh ckr g,4 e'kyX c\Lh fyS gT] 'k¬_kX dk c\Lk cks
> g,4 [qn ek;k ls f?js gT6 nwljkX dks jkg crk jgs gT cz‰k rd tkus dh4
8vk,ju dks mft;kj] e'kyph tk; va/sjs4
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8cspr fGj, diwj] vki rks [kjh [ko,4
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>krs gT vk,j ?j mudk ty jgk g,4
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iyIw ;g lkaph dg,] vius eu dk Gsj4
rq>s ijkB D;k ijh viuh vki fucsj449
iyIw dgrs gT A lp dgrk gwa rqels4 bls ;kn j[uk] Hwy er tkuk4
8iyIw ;g lkaph dg,] vius eu dk Gsj49
;g c\Lh eu dh rjdhc g,4 ;g eu dk c\Lk tky g,4 ;g eu dh c\Lh gksf';kj
h g,4 eu feIuk ugC pkgrk4 rks og rqégX viuh ijs'kfu;kX ls cpkuk pkgrk g,4
og dgrk g,A rqégkjh D;k ijs'kuh g,6 ns[ks nqfu;k eX bruk nqA[ g,] igys bud
ks rks lkF nks4 vk,j eu c\Ls vπNs rdZ [kstrk g,4 eu dgrk g, A ÷;ku] izkFZuk]
iwtk] ;s lc rks ¬okFZ gT4
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ge ÷;ku djX2 le> yks fd ge lq[h Hh gks xS rks ;g lq[ rks c\Lk ¬okFZ g,4
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nqfu;k eX nqA[ D;kX g,` D;kXfd rqe nqA[h gks4 rks rqe nqA[ dh fdj<X G,yk jgs
gks4 rqe nqA[ dk tky G,yk jgs gks4 nqfu;k eX nqA[ D;kX g,` D;kXfd vf/d yksx
nqA[h gT] blfyS nqA[ ?uk gksrk tkrk g,4 vxj rqe Sd vkneh Hh lq[h gks tk
vkss rks rqeus nqfu;k dh c\Lh lsok dh6 de7ls7de nqfu;k dk Sd fg¬lk rks lq[
dh fdj<X G,ykSxk4 Sd rjG ls rks de7ls7de lq[ dh lqokl mOsxh4 fGj f
tudks Hh Fks\Lh le> g, vk,j ftudks Hh lq[ dh ryk' g,] os rqégkjh rjG vk
us yxXxs4 rqégX tkuk Hh u i\Lsxk6 î;kls dqSa dh rjG vkus yxrs gT4 vk,j tc dq
vka î;kls dh rjG tkS rks \tjk lko/ku jguk4 vxj dqvka î;kls dh rjG tkS
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xjk ys] blh ckr dh laHkouk g,4 î;klk dgC~ ~ ~4 vxj î;kls dks î;kl g, rks
dqvka [kstsxk4
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rqe d,ls cuk ldksxs` vxj mügkXus ;gh r; fd;k g, fd mudks nqA[h jguk g, r
kss nqfu;k eX dksB mügX lq[h ugC cuk ldrk4 ijek®ek Hh mügX lq[h ugC cuk l
drk4 ugC rks ijek®ek us vc rd lq[h cuk gh fn;k gksrk4
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h gksuk] rks rqégkjs r; ds lkF g,4 rqeus tks r; fd;k] rqégkjs lkF g,4 Ohd g,]
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rqégkjs tkus ds ckn nqfu;k dks rqe lq[ eX Nks\L tkvksxs ;k fd rqe Nks\L ldksxs
` cq0 ugC Nks\L xS] Î‘< ugC Nks\L xS] jke ugC Nks\L xS] eqgéen ugC Nks\L
xS] ∂kb¬I ugC Nks\L xS3rqégkjs D;k bjkns gT` ;s lkjs yksx ¬okFñ Fs6 ijkFñ
rqe igyh nGk i,nk gqS gkss4
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h g,] rdZ le> eX Hh vkrk g,4 blh rdZ eX i\Ldj rks yksx >a>IkX eX my> tk
rs gT4
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rk g,4 nqA[h vkneh nqA[ gh ns ldrk g,4 tks rqégkjs ikl g,] ogh rks nksxs4 tks rq
égkjs ikl ugC g, mls d,ls nksxs` nqA[h vkneh fookg djsxk rks i®uh dks nqA[ ns
xk6 cπps mlds gkXxs rks cπpkX dks nqA[ nsxk4 nqA[h i®uh ifr dks nqA[ nsxh6 cπ
pkX dks nqA[ nsxh4 ;g ifjokj nqA[ dk gks tkSxk4 ;g ifjokj ftu7ftu ls tq\Ls
xk] mudks nqA[ nsxk6 ;g i\Lksl dkss nqA[h dj nsxk4 Ssls nqA[ G,yrk pyk tkrk
g,4 nqfu;k eX vxj lq[ ykuk gks] nh;k tykvks ÷;ku dk] izkFZuk dk] iwtk dk]
vpZuk dk4 bl ¬okFZ dks iwjk djks4 lcls igys viuh lsok djks] fGj rqels c\Lh
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rq>s ijkB D;k ijh] viuh vksj fucsj449
igys viuh rjG rks vka[ mOk4 igys ÷;ku viuh rjG rks ys tk4 fGj nwljkX
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fGj6 ;g dqN djuk ugC i\Lrk4 mldh ek,twnxh djrh g,4 mlds vk'h" djrs
gT4 mlds opu djrs gT4 mldk ek,u djrk g,4 mldh mif¬Ffr djus yxrh g,4
fGj dqN djuk ugC i\Lrk4 fGj og lsok djus ugC fudyrk3 mlls lsok gksus
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iyIw dgrs gT A esjh rjG ns[] eT c\Ls uhp ?j eX i,nk gqvk] c\Ls lk/kj< xjhc
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8iyIw uhp ls Map Hk~ ~ ~49 t,ls gh eTus vius Hhrj HfDr dk nh;k tyk;k] eT
vpkud uhps ls Mapk gks x;k4 dgka [Òs eX i\Lk Fk] dgka f'[j ij fojkteku
gks x;k4 dgka va/sjs eX IIksyrk fGjrk Fk vk,j jkg u feyrh Fh] vk,j dgka f
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8iyIw uhp ls Map Hk] uhp dg, uk dks;49
vc eT pfdr gwa fd eq> lk/kj< vkneh ds yksx i,j vkdj i\Lrs gT6 esjs i,jkX i
j flj j[rs gT4 c\Ls7c\Ls vehj jktk] c\Ls izfrf‘Or yksx esjh lykg ysus vkrs gT]
eq>s g,jkuh gksrh g,4 D;kXfd eT rks ogh gwa iyIw3lk/kj<7lk vkneh2 esjk bleX
D;k2 ;g efgek ijek®ek dh g,4 esjs pj<kX eX Fks\Ls gh flj >qdkrs gT os3os esjs
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x;k gksrk rks buds }kj ls gh yk,Ik fn;k x;k gksrk6 buds }kj ij Hh eq>s izos'
ugC fey ldrk Fk4 lgk;rk rks nwj] ;s esjk 'çn Hh lquus dks jkth u gksrs4
vkt D;k gks x;k` d,lh efgek2
uhp dg, uk dks;] xS tc ls ljukB449
vk,j tc ls izHq ds 'j< xS] tc ls xS ljukB] tc ls mlds pj<kX eX flj d
ks j[ fn;k] rc ls dksB eq>s uhp ugC dgrk4 yksx eq>s Hh Mapk dgus yxs4 m
l Maps ds lkF tq\Ldj eT Hh Mapk gks x;k4 ml vkuafnr ds lkF tq\L dj eT Hh
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ukjk cfg ds fe¥;ks xax eX xax dgkB449
eT rks ukys t,lk Fk] xank ukyk Fk] ysfdu xaxk eX fey x;k vk,j tc ls xaxk eX
fey x;k] esjh Hh iwtk gks jgh g,4 8fe¥;ks xax eX xax dgkB49 vc rks eq>s Hh
yksx xaxk dgrs gT4 eq>s iDdk irk g, fd eT dk,u gwa4 eq>s iDdk irk g, eT d,lk
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vkfx eag, tks ij, tj, vkxb gksb tkos449
vk,j tc ls eT mleX ty x;k] tc ls eT mldh vkx eX mrj x;k] tc ls eT m
l î;kjs dh vf≈u eX le√ir gks x;k~ ~ ~4
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rc ls eT vkx gh gks x;k4 rc ls iyIw ugC jgk3ijek®ek gh g,4 ogh cksyrk]
ogh mOrk] ogh pyrk4 iyIw rks [ks x;k4
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iyIw dgrs gT A eT rkss ty x;k ml î;kjs ds lkF4 eTus rks ml î;kjs dh vf≈u eX
vius dks le√ir dj fn;k4 eT D;k tyk] esjh lc my>uX Hh ty x;C4 eT D;
k tyk] esjh lc le¬;kSa Hh ty x;C4 eT D;k tyk] esjs lc iki Hh ty xS4
eT D;k tyk] esjk lc vrhr Hh ty x;k4 eT fu‘dyad] fu‘diI] fuA'q0] fu√
odkj gksdj izdI gqvk4
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jke dk ?j g, c\Lk ldy Ssxqu fNi tkB4
iyIw dgrs gT A ;g rks tkuk rc tc irk pyk fd jke dk ?j bruk c\Lk g, f
d lc iki fNi tkrs gT4 jke dh efgek bruh c\Lh g, fd mlds lkF tq\Lrs gh
lc iki feI tkrs gT4 vkneh viuh le¬;kvkX dks lqy>k ugC ldrk4 vkneh lq
y>krk g, rks vk,j le¬;kSa my>rh pyh tkrh gT4 vkneh dh le¬;kSa lqy>rh
gT flGZ ml ikjl ds lkF tq\L tkus ls4
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j mls fcuk [kssts] rqe dqN Hh [kstrs jgks] dqN Hh gkF u vkSxk6 flGZ thou
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t,ls fry dks rsy Gwy lax ckl clkB449
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fGj fry dk rsy cu tkrk g,4 rsy eX Hh ckl vkrh g,3exj Gwy ds lax4
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¡ºæ»»‘O»»b™∞∞≥™∞∞»»»» 8iyIw xqQ ijlkn ls fd;k fi;k dks gkF49~ ~ ~
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Gj m\Lrh ugC4 fdruh gh m\Ls] c\Prh gh tkrh g,4 fdruh gh caIs] c\Prh gh p
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iyIw uhp ls Map Hk] uhp dg, uk dks;449
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gh dkIuk i\Lsxk4 rc tc lc rjg ls 'qf0 gks tkSxh] rks fGj izHq dk feyu
g,6 rks fGj l®; dk n'Zu g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
HDr dgrk g, A vius fdS ls ;g gksxk` vk,j HDr us c\Lk egÂoiw<Z izæu mOk;
k g, A vius fdS ls ;g gksxk` vius fdS ls rks ;g dpjk i,nk gqvk4 vius fdS
ls rks ;g tüe7tüe dk nqA[ vk,j ih\Lk vk,j va/dkj i,nk gqvk4 vius fdS ls
mtkyk gksxk` vius fdS ls ;g xanxh dIsxh` ftl vgadkj ds dkj< ;g xanxh
i,nk gqB] ogh vgadkj lkcqu cu ldsxh`
HDr dgrk g, A Hjkslk ugC vkrk4 HDr dgrk g, A eT vius dks Hyh7Hkafr tku
rk gwa4 vxj esjs fdS gh eqfDr gksuh g,] rks fGj eqfDr gksuh gh ugC g,4 eq>s rks
dksB mOk ys4 eq>s rks dksB fi;k dk gkF fey tkS4 bl x∏s eX fxjus eX rks eT
dq'y gwa6 blls fudy eT ldwaxk vius vki] ;g eq>s Hjkslk ugC g,4 fudyus d
h dksf'' eX vk,j fxjrk tkMaxk4
HDr dgrk g, A eTus vius ij J0k [ks nh g,] tüekX7tüekX dk vuqHo lkG dj
jgk g, fd eT vius ij D;k J0k dWa` vc rks flGZ Sd gh pe®dkj eq>s mOk
ldrk g, A ijek®ek eq>s mOk ys4 rks eT D;k dWa3bl x∏s eX i\Lk gqvk HDr`
dgrk g, A Htu dWaxk] mls iqdkWaxk4 mldh lgk;rk pkfgS4
8Htu dsj ijrki rX~ ~ ~49
Htu dk vFZ gksrk g, A eT rks ikih4 eT rks cqjk4 eT rks nqtZu2 esjs fdS rks xyr
gh gqvk4 esjs fdS rks xyr gh gksxk4 cl rsjs ls vk'k tq\Lh g,4 rsjk vkæoklu
g,4 rw mOkS rks mO tkSa4 rw [Cps rks V[p tkSa4 rks ge D;k djX3cl iqdkjXxs4
HDr rks Sslk g, t,ls NkssIk cπpk] vius >wys eX i\Lk g,] vius ls mO gh ugC ld
rk4 vius ls mOs rks >wys ls vk,j fxjsxk] gkF7i,j rks\L ysxk4 D;k dj ldrk g,`
jks ldrk g,4 fp¥yk ldrk g,4 dgC eka gksxh rks lqu ysxh4
Htu dk vFZ gksrk g, A vxj dgC ijek®ek g, rks lqu ysxk4 ge iqdkjs pys t
kSaxs4 ge jksSaxs4 vk,j ge D;k dj ldrs gT2 vkalw cgkSaxs4 xhr xquxqukSaxs4 iqdk
jXxs4 vxj g, ijek®ek dgC] vxj bl vf¬r®o eX dgC Hh dQ<k g,] vxj bl
vf¬r®o eX dgC Hh dksB /\Ldrk gqvk Ôn; g,3
rks ge blh ds csIs gT] blh vf¬r®o ls vkS gT] rks dgC dksB eka geX [Cp ysxh4
cl blh Hjksls~ ~ ~4
HDr dh lkjh dh lkjh thou7i0fr iqdkjus dh i0fr g,6 ¬ej< djus dh i0f
r g,6 jksus dh i0fr g,4 HDr dk Hjkslk vkalqvkX ij g,4 HDr dk Hjkslk vius
gkFkX ij ugC g,4 vius gkFkX dk [sy rkss tüekssa7tüekX ns[ fy;k4 HDr dk Hjkslk
rks vc Qnu ij g,] fd jkssSaxs] vc rkss iqdkjXxs4 vxj vf¬r®o eX dgC Hh dksB
dQ<k dk lw_ g, rks tWj dQ<k vkSxh vk,j cpkSxh4 vxj dgC dksB vf¬r®
o eX lw_ gh ugC dQ<k dk rks Ohd g,] ;gh x∏k g,] blls ckgj tkus dk fGj
dksB mik; ugC4

vtgw psr xaokj
Htu dh vijaikj efgek] fd mls iqdkjrs7iqdkjrs] tks djus ls dHh u gqvk Fk
] og iqdkjus ls gksus yxk4
rqe \tjk djks ;g iqdkj3vk,j rqe pfdr gks tkvkssxs4 rqe \tjk ?\LhHj c,O dj
jksvks] Lksyks] iqdkjks ijek®ek dks2 'qW7'qW eX rqégX yxsxk] fd D;k ikxyiu dj
jgs gks2 D;kXfd rqeus dHh iqdkjk ugC4 rks rqégX bl iqdkjus dh dyk dk dqN
irk ugC4 dksB fG∂ u djuk6 le>uk fd pyks ikxyiu gh lgh4 dHh ikxyi
u djds Hh ns[ ysuk pkfgS] fd 'k;n dqN gks4 Sd iz;ksx rks dj yks2 vk,j rq
e pfdr gksvksxs fd vk/k ?\Lh rqe jks fyS vk,j rqe iqdkjrs jgs] rqe flGZ jk
e gh jke dgrs jgs] v¥ykg7v¥ykg gh dgrs jgs vk,j Lksyrs jgs3rqe pfdr gks
vksxs ?\Lh Hj ckn] rqégkjk Ôn; Sslk gydk gks x;k t,ls dHh u gqvk Fk2 rqe
fGj ls NksIs cπps t,ls funk∆" gks xS4 ;g iqdkj pe®dkj dj x;h4 vk,j ;g r
ks 'qQvkr g,4 exj Sd >yd [qysxh4 Hhrj dqN f[y tkSxk4 rqe gyds gks tk
vksxs4 pyksxs rks i,j tehu ij u i\Lrs gqS ekywe i\LXxs4 dqN u;k7u;k2 lc rj
G jax dqN lkG7lkG g,4 Vtnxh mnkl ugC4 pkjkX rjG t,ls Sd xhr Nk;k g,4
lc rjG t,ls dksB4 Sd jg¬; fNik g,4 rqe vkæp;Z7pfdr 4 rqégkjh vka[kX eX
igyh nGk vkæp;Z dk Hko fGj ls mOsxk4 cpiu eX dHh [ks fn;k Fk og Hk
o] og ljyrk fGj vkSxh4 rqe vius eX GdZ gksrs ns[us yxksxs4 vxj rqe Ssls
vk/k ?aIk iqdkjus ds ckn vkS gks vk,j i®uh us rqels dqN dgk3vxj dy dgk
gksrk rks rqe ukjkt gqS gksrs3vkt rqe vpkud ikvksxs ukjktxh ugC vk jgh4
vkt bruh vk/k ?\Lh iqdkj ds ckn rks rqe vxj ?j ds ckgj vkvksxs vk,j f
H[eaxs dks }kj ij ikvksxs] rks rqe ;g u dg ldksxs vkxs tkvks4 rqe GdZ ikv
ksxs4 rqégkjk eu gksxk dqN nX4 rqégX bruk feyk flGZ iqdkjus ls] ;g Hh iqdkj j
gk g,2 dk,u tkus rqégkjs gkF ls gh ijek®ek bls dqN nsuk pkgrk g,4 rqégkjk nsus
dk eu vkt ljy gksxk] lgt gksxk4 rqe nqdku ij c,O dj ikvksxs fd xzkgd
dks mruh vklkuh ls ugC ywI jgs gks] t,ls dy rd ywI jgs Fs 4 jkst7jkst rqe
GdZ ikvksxs4 nks7pkj eghus eX rqe ikvksxs] rqégkjs dyq" /qy xS] tks rqe /ks7/ks
dj ugC /kss ldrs Fs3flGZ iqdkjus ls /qy xS4 vkalqvkX ls /qy tkrh g, vk®ek4
izkFZuk ls /qy tkrh g, vk®ek4
iyIw uhp ls Map Hk uhp dg, uk dks;449
iyIw dgrs gT A [wc gqvk2 eTus dqN fd;k Hh ugC4 iqdkjk Hj4 iqdkj dks Hh dq
N fd;k] Sslk rks ugC dg ldrs4 eTus rks dqN fd;k ugC4 jks;k Hj4 vc jksus
dks Fks\Ls gh dksB c\Lk drZø; dgrs gT2 ysfdu uhps ls vpkud Mapk gks x;k4 fd
lh us [Cp fy;k xL.PkX ls] fcOk fn;k f'[j ij4 bl lw_ dks [;ky eX j[uk4

vtgw psr xaokj
8lksB lrh ljkfgS tj, fi;k ds lkF4

tj, fi;k ds lkF] lksB g, ukjh l;kuh4
txr. dj, migkl] fi;k dk lax u Nk\sL,4
izse dh lst fcNk; esgj dh pknj vks\P,4
Sslh jguh jg, rt, tks Hksx7foyklk4
ekjs Hw[7î;kl ;kn lax pyrh ¬oklk44
j,u fnol csgksl fi;k ds jax eX jkrh4
iyIw xqQ ijlkn ls fd;k fi;k dks gkF4
lksB lrh ljkfgS tj, fi;k ds lkF449
bleX vk x;k izkFZuk dk lkjk lw_4 bleX vk x;k Htu dk lkjk lkj4 e¬rh] cs
gk'h] ene¬rh4 izHq ls ppkZ] ckr] laokn] ikxyiu] nhokukiu4
vk,j nwljs dh fG∂ Nks\Lks6 ugC rks izkFZuk u dj ikvksxs4 vk,j izkFZuk gks tkS rks
nwljs dh lsok rqels vuk;kl gks ldsxh4
viuh vki fucsj Nksf\L xq\L fol dkss [ko,4
dqoka eX rw ij,] vk,j dks jkg crko,44
vk,ju dkss mft;kj e'kyph tk; va/sjs4
®;kX Kkuh dh ckr e;k ls jgrs ?sjs44

vtgw psr xaokj
cspr fGj, diwj vki rks [kjh [ko,4

?j eX ykxh vkx nk,\L ds ?wj cqrko,4
iyIw ;g lkaph dg, vius eu dk Gsj4
rq>s ijkB D;k ijh] viuh vksj fucsj449
igys rks vius dks tks\L yks izHq ls6 fGj rqe lsrq cu tkvksxs cgqrkX ds fyS4 cgq
r rqégkjs lsrq ls xqtjXxs vk,j izHq ls tq\LXxs4 igys rqe vkuafnr gks tkvks6 fGj c
gqrkX dks rqels vkuan dh fdj< feysxh4 igys rqe ukpks6 fGj cgqrkX ds tes7Fes
i,j] l\L xS i,j iquA ukp ls Hj tkSaxs] iquA thoar gks tkSaxs4
igys rqe m®lo ls Hj tkvks] fGj rqe cgqrkX dh vka[kX eX m®lo ds nhS tyk
nksxs4 cgqr izk< rqégkjs lkF ukpXxs] jkl jpkSaxs6 ysfdu igys rqe~ ~ ~4 'qQvkr
ogka ls4 vk,j ?c\Lkvks er] ;g er lkspks fd eT bruk uhpk vkneh ] eT Sslk
ikih vkneh] eq> ls D;k gksxk2 Ohd g,] rqels dqN gksus okyk ugC g,6 ysfdu rq
e iqdkj rks ldrs gks4 fdrus gh xgjs xL.Ps eX dksB fxjk gks] D;k iqdkj Hh ugC
ldrk` vk,j fdrus gh iki eX dksB i\Lk gks] D;k jks Hh ugC ldrk` vka[ eX
vkalw rks gT] i;kZîr g,4 brus ls gh ckr gks tkSxh4
8iyIw uhp ls Map Hk uhp dg, u dks;4
uhp dg, u dks;] xS tc ls ljukB49
ftl x∏s eX gks] mlh dks eafnj cuk yks] ogC flj >qdk yks4 mlh x∏s eXa fcNk n
ks uekt dk di\Lk] ogC >qd tkvks4
uhp dg, uk dks;] xS tc ls ljukB
ikjl ds ijlax yksg ls dud dgko,4
vkfx eag, tks ij,] tj, vkxb gksb tko,44

vtgw psr xaokj
jke dk ?j g, c\Lk] ldy Ssxqu fNi tkB4
t,ls fry dkss rsy] Gwy lax ckl clkB4
Htu dsj ijrki rX ru7eu fueZy gks;4
iyIw uhp ls Map Hk uhp dg, uk dks;449
;gh ?\Lh vkt gh vk ldrh g,3iqdkjks2 ;g ckr vkt gh ?I ldrh g,3 jksvks2
;g ckr vHh gks ldrh g,4 dksB rqégX lh\Ph ugC yxkuh6 rqe tgka gks ogC ije
k®ek dk gkF igqap tkSxk4 ysfdu rqégkjs fcuk iqdkjs ijek®ek rqégkjs thou eX
ck/k ugC nsrk4 rqégkjh ¬ora_rk dh lqj{k j[rk g,4 rqégkjh ¬ora_rk ds izfr c\
Lk leknj g,4 rqe ujd tkus dks ¬ora_ gks6 rqe ¬oxZ tkus dkss Hh ¬ora_ gks4 u
jd tkus eX rqégX ps‘Ik djuh i\Lrh g,4 ¬oxZ tkus eX rqégX fuæps‘I gksdj iqdkjuk
i\Lrk g,4 ogh g, Htu dk lkj7lw_ A fuæps‘I gksdj iqdkjks4 vius ij Hjkslk
Nks\Ldj iqdkjks4 dgks fd esjs fdS rks tks Hh gqvk xyr gqvk3vc rw vk2
vkt bruk gh4
D;k Htu tc iwjk gks tkrk g,] rc tks 's" jg tkrk g,] ogh lqjfr g,`
jkeÎ‘< ijegal vius laü;kfl;kX dks dkfeuh vk,j dkapu ls nwj jgus ds fyS l
rr psrkrs jgrs Fs4 vki izxk\Prk ls Hksxus dks dgrs gT4 bl GdZ dk dkj< D;k
g,`
tgka Kkuh eqfDr ;k eks{ dh efgek c[kurs gT] ogka HDr m®lo vk,j vkuan ds
xhr xkrs gT4 Sslk D;kX g,`
vkius dgk fd rqe tks Hh djksxs xyr gh djksxs] D;kXfd rqe xyr gks4 Sslh f¬
Ffr eX vki geX lkG7lkG D;kX ugC crkrs fd ge D;k djX`
igyk izæu A D;k Htu tc iwjk gks tkrk g,] rc tks 's" jg tkrk g,] ogh lqjf
r g,`
lqjfr dk vFZ g,A vtik tki4 lqjfr dk vFZ g,] ;kn djuh u i\Ls6 ;kn jgs4 t,
ls æokl pyrh g,] æokl pykuh ugC i\Lrh4 vius7vki jgs] lgt jgs4 Î®; u
gks4 gekjh ps‘Ik u gks4 ge Hqykuk Hh pkgX rks Hqyk u ldX4 ge fo¬ej< Hh d

vtgw psr xaokj
juk pkgX rks dksB mik; u feys4 æokl7æokl eX lek tkS4 gekjh lgt Hko7n
'k cu tkS4 Sslk vFZ g, lqjfr dk4
8lqjfr9 'çn vkrk g, ¬e1fr ls4 cq0 us 8¬e1fr9 'çn dk mi;ksx fd;k Fk] ogh
'çn yksd7Hk"k eX izpfyr gksrs7gksrs 8lqjfr9 cu x;k4 ;kn4 ysfdu [;ky jgs]
'çnkX eX ugC] Hk"k eX ugC3izk<kX eX4 'çn eX tks ;kn jgsxh] og rks dHh7dHh
Hwy tkSxh] mldh /kjk v[aL ugC gks ldrh4 D;kXfd eu dk Sd fu;e g, fd
Sd lkF eu nks dke ugC dj ldrk4 vxj /u dh lkspksxs rks ÷;ku pwd tkS
xk4 ÷;ku dh lkspksxs] /u Hwy tkSxk4 ?j dh lkspksxs] cktkj Hwy tkSxk4 ckt
kj dh lkspksxs] ?j Hwy tkSxk4 eu Sd lkF nks dke ugC dj ldrk4 rks eu
rks gtkj dke eX my>k gqvk g,3Sd dke ls nwljk] nwljs ls rhljk4 eu dk rks
c\Lk ø;kikj g,4
vxj eu ls gh ijek®ek dh ;kn dh rks dHh7dHh gks ldsxh4 vk,j dHh7dHh
dh ;kn dk dksB Hjkslk ugC4 fGj rks rHh gksxh tc thou eX c\Lk nqA[ gksxk4
eryc ls gksxh4 gsrq gksxk4 tc nqA[ vkSxk rks ;kn vk tkSxh4 exj nqA[ ds
dkj< vkSxh4 vk,j nqA[ ds dkj< tks ;kn vkS] og nks dk,\Lh dh g,4 og rks ¬
okFZ ls Hjh g,4 nqA[ ds dkj< tks ;kn vkS] mleX rks eryc g,4 ijek®ek dh
;kn ugC g,4 ijek®ek ls dqN dke djk ysus ds fyS g,4 ijek®ek dks Hh lsod
cuk ysus dk bjknk g, ml ;kn eX3fd eq> ij nqA[ vk;k g,] rqe c,Os ogka D;k
dj jgs gks` ysfdu tc lq[ vkSxk rks fc¥dqy Hwy tkvksxs4
vk,j ÷;ku jgs] ftlus lq[ eX ;kn fd;k mlh us ik;k4 nqA[ dh ;kn rks >wO g,]
ø;olkf;d g,] lkalkfjd g,4 ftlus lq[ eX ;kn fd;k~ ~ ~4 ysfdu lq[ eX rks eu
bruh rjaxkX ls Hjk gksrk g,] lq[ eX rks eu Sslk m\Lk7m\Lk gksrk g, fd dk,u f
G∂ djrk g, ijek®ek dh2 lq[ eX rks eu bruk my>k gksrk g, gtkj ckrkX eX
fd muls fudyuk eqfædy4 nqA[ eX rks blfyS ;kn djuk laHo gks tkrk g,] D;
kXfd nqA[ eX my>uk eqfædy g,4
nqA[ dh Sd [wch g, fd vkneh mlls ckgj fudyuk pkgrk g,6 mleX Hhrj ug
C tkuk pkgrk4 pwafd nqA[ ls ckgj fudyuk pkgrk g,] nqA[ eX my>uk ugC pk
grk] nqA[ ls cpuk pkgrk g,3blfyS 'k;n ijek®ek dh Fks\Lh ;kn dj ys4 ysf
du vkneh lq[ eX rks tkuk pkgrk g,4 lq[ ls rks cpuk ugC pkgrk4 lq[ dks
rks tksj ls id\L ysuk pkgrk g,4 lq[ dks rks Nkrh eX lek ysuk pkgrk g,4 lq[
rks lnk ds fyS fFj gks tkS] Sslh okluk ls Hjk g, eu4 rks lq[ dks rks Nks\L
ugC ldrk] Sd {< eX Nks\Lk] dgC NwI gh u tkS] gkF ls /kxk u fudy tkS
] Lksj u fudy tkS~ ~ ~4 rks fGj lq[ eX ijek®ek dh ;kn ugC vkrh4
fGj] eu dks gtkj dke gT4 eu izf∂;k g, lalkj eX thus dh] rks gtkj dke m
lds fyS jgXxs gh4 lkBfdy pykvksxs rks i,Ly dh ;kn j[ksxs] jkg dh ;kn j[
ksxs3pyrs yksxkX dh] iqfyleTu dh] gtkj ckrkX dh4 ijek®ek dh ;kn rks pwd7pw

vtgw psr xaokj
d tkSxh4 dHh7dHkj vk ldrh g,] fdlh [kyh {< eX6 ysfdu lrr v[aL /k
jk u gks rks lqjfr ugC4
8lqjfr9 dk vFZ gksrk g, v[aL /kjk gks4 HDrkX us mnkgj< fy;k g, fd t,ls iku
h dks ge Lkyrs gT Sd crZu ls nwljs crZu eX] rks mldh v[aL /kjk ugC gksrh]
IwI7IwI tkrh g,6 rsy dks maLsyrs gT Sd crZu ls nwljs crZu eX] mldh v[aL /
kjk gksrh g,4 lqjfr rsy dh /kj g,4 pk,chl ?aIs ij lek tkS4 tkxrs rks cuh gh
jgs] uCn eX Hh cuh jgs4 'jhj lks tkS] eu lks tkS] ysfdu lqjfr u lksS4
v[aL4
rks igyh rks ckr] eu ls ;g dke u gks ldsxk4 eu eX rks dqN Hh v[aL ugC
gksrk6 lc [aL7[aL gksrk g,4 ;g ckr rks eu ds ikj gh gksdj gks ldsxh4 tgka
eu fol√tr gksxk] ogC lqjfr dk tüe gksxk4 tgka eu x;k] ogC izHq vk;k4 rks
lqjfr dksB euu ugC g,] D;kXfd euu rks eu dh izf∂;k g,4 ;g dksB Vpru u
gC g,] D;kXfd Vpru Hh eu dh gh izf∂;k g,4 lqjfr c\Lh viwoZ ?Iuk g,4
rqeus iwNk g, fd 8tgka Htu iwjk gks tkrk g,9~ ~ ~ Ohd iwNk g,4 tgka Htu iwjk
gks tkrk g,4 tgka djus ;ks≈; fd;k tk pqdk4
Htu eX Î®; g,4 lqjfr eX Î®; ugC g,4 tgka rqe tks dj ldrs Fs] izkFZuk dj
ldrs Fs] iwtk dj ldrs Fs] vpZuk dj ldrs Fs] Htu dj ldrs Fs] ukp ld
rs Fs] rqe tks dj ldrs Fs] lc rqeus dj fy;k] ysfdu rqeus bruk fd;k] br
uk fd;k] bruk fd;k] fd /hjs7/hjs~ ~ ~t,lk dy iyIw us dgk fd fry ds nkukX
ds ikl lqxaf/r Gwy j[ nks rks fry ds nkus lqxaf/r Gwy dh lqokl ls Hj tk
rs gT4 blfyS rks rsy eX xa/ vk tkrh g,4 rsy eX xa/ fry dh ugC g,3ikl j[s
xS Gwy dh g,4 Ssls gh vxj rqe eu ls tks dqN gks ldrk Fk] og fd;k rqeus
] lc dj Lkyk] tks eu dj ldrk Fk lc fd;k3bl djus eX gh Gwy djhc v
k;k4 cgqr ckj ijek®ek dks ;kn fd;k ps‘Ik ls4 rqégkjs Hhrj bldh lqokl Hj
us yxh] Sd fnu Sslk vk tkSxkA eu eX Htu Nks\L fn;k4 Htu rks x;k] ysfd
u lqjfr txrh jgh4 Gwy rks pyk x;k] ysfdu lqokl fry ds nkukX eX jg x;h4
rks Htu dh yach izf∂;k ds ckn gh lqjfr Gyrh g,4 Htu tgka iw<Z gks tkrk
g,] ogka lqjfr Gyrh g,4
lqjfr fupks\L g,4 lkj4 b_4 Htu GwykX t,lk g,4 Sd Gwy] nks Gwy] rhu Gwy4 e
xj lc dqégyk tkrs gT4 dqégyk gh tkSaxs4 vkneh ds Î®; dh fdruh xfr g,2
Fks\Lh nwj py ldrk g,4 {<Haxqj vkneh] {<Haxqj vkneh dk Î®; 'kæor rd
d,ls tkSxk2 Fks\Lh7lh >yd ns ldrk g, 'kæor dh4 {<Hj dks tc gksrk g,]
lqcg Gwy tc f[yrk g, cfx;k eX] rks dk,u Hjkslk dj ldrk g, fd vHh lka>
vkSxh ugC vk,j Gwy feÈh eX fey tkSxk4 lqcg tc Gwy viuh e¬rh eX f[y
k gksrk g, vk,j lqokl dks fc[sjrk g,] pkan7rkjkX ls IDdj ysus dh r,;kjh j[rk
g,] lwjt ls eqykdkr djrk g,] gokvkX ds >kXdkX dks >sy tkrk g,6 Sslk vkuafnr

vtgw psr xaokj
gksrk g, fd yxrk g, lnk jgsxk] lnk jgsxk4 blds vkuan dks ns[dj yxrk g, f
d ;g dHh feIsxk` dHh ugC feIsxk4 ysfdu lka> vkrh g,] Gwy fxj tkrk g,]
fc[j tkrk g,4 feÈh eX [ks x;k4 lqcg tc thoar Fk rks fdruk cy'kyh ekyw
e gksrk Fk2 vk,j fdruk laqnj2 d,lh 'kæor dh >yd ekjrk Fk2 lka> irk p
yk A le; ds Hhrj dqN Hh 'kæor ugC g,4
Ssls gh tc HDr Htu djrk g, rks Sslk yxsxk A gks x;h ckr] ?I x;h ckr4
exj Htu Gwy t,lk g,4 lqjfr b_ t,lh g,4 Gwy rks dqégyk tkSaxs] ysfdu b_
cp ldrk g,4 rks Sd7Sd Htu ls b_ dks fupks\Lrs tkuk g,4 'çn dks Hwyrs tk
uk g,6 Hko dks fupks\Lrs tkuk g,4 Î®; dks Hwyrs tkuk g,6 leiZ< dks id\Lrs tk
uk g,4 Sd fnu Sslh ?\Lh vk tkrh g, tc rqeus gtkj7gtkj Htu fdS] mu l
c dk fupks\L bdØk gks x;k g,] b_ bdØk gks x;k4 vc Htu djus dh Hh tWj
r u jgh3vc rqe Htu gks xS4
lqjfr dk vFZ g, A tc HDr Htu gks x;k4 vc v˙;kl ugC g,4 blfyS dchj
us dgk g, A 8mOwa7c,Owa lks ifj∂ek49 vc eafnj ugC tkrk ifj∂ek djus4 vc rks
mO tkrk gwa] c,O tkrk gwa] rks Hh ijek®ek dh gh ifj∂ek py jgh g,4 8[kMa7i
hMa lks lsok49 vc eafnj eX tkdj Hxoku dks Hksx ugC yxkrk6 u eafnj dh ?af
I;ka ctkrk gwa6 u iwtk dk Fky ltkrk gwa4 8[kMa7ihMa lks lsok49 vc rks eT [qn
Hh tks [krk7ihrk gwa] og Hh mlh dh lsok g,] D;kXfd ogh Hhrj Hh fojktek
u g,6 ogh ckgj Hh fojkteku g,4 bldks dchj us dgk g, A 8lk/ks] lgt lekf
/ Hyh49
exj ;g lgt lekf/ Ssls gh ugC ?I tkrh4 bl lgt ds ihNs c\Lh izf∂;kSa gT
6 o"k˜ dh] tuekX dh izf∂;kSa gT4 blfyS 8lgt9 dk eryc ;g er le> ysu
k fd tks fcuk dqN fdS ?I tkrh g,4 ugC] tc ?Irh g, rks dqN ugC djuk i\L
rk4 ysfdu ?Ius ds igys cgqr dqN djuk i\Lrk g,4 gtkjkX7gtkjkX HtukX ds ckn
dgC Sd cwan b_4 gtkjkX GwykX ls fupks\Ldj dgC Sd cwan b_4 blfyS rks b_
dh dher gksrh g,4
lqjfr g, b_4 rqégkjs djus dh ckr ugC4 rqe rks Htu djks] rqe rks izkFZuk dj
ks] iwtk djks] ÷;ku djks] ukpks] m®lo eukvks4 izHq dks vusd7vusd vaxkX eX ;kn
djks4 vHh rks Î®; gksxk ;g4 vHh rks rqégkjs djus ls gh gksxk4 vHh rks rqégX
cgqr i,Ly ekjus i\LXxs4 vHh rks rqégX gkF7i,j cgqr r\LG\Lkus i\LXxs4 vHh rqe
r,jkd ugC gks4 tc rqe fc¥dqy r,jkd gks tkvksxs rks gkF7i,j Hh ugC fgykus i\
LXxs6 ty dh /kj ij i\Ls jgksxs4 \tjk Hh u fgyksxs7Lqyksxs6 ty dh /kj gh rqégX
laHkys jgsxh4 exj og r,jus dh vkf[jh vo¬Fk g,4 lqjfr vkf[jh ckr g,4 uk
ud us mls 8vtik tki9 dgk g,3tc tki fd;k ugC tkrk] gksrk g,4 rqégkjs Hh
rj gksrk g,4 rqe mls lqurs gks rqe djksxs rks tki rqels uhpk gksxk4 rqégkjk fd
;k gqvk rqels c\Lk ugC gks ldrk4 rqe lc lquksxs] rqégkjs Hhrj tc xwat mOsxh

vtgw psr xaokj
3rqégkjs fdS ls ugC] xwat mO jgh g,] rqe rks –‘Ik gks tkvksxs] rqe ns[ksxs fd
;g D;k gks jgk g,] ;g xwat mO jgh g,4 ;g rqégkjs jksSa7jksSa eX Hjh g,4 ;g fd
lh vKkr yksd ls rqeeX izos' dj jgh g,4 rqe rks blls Lksy jgs gks4 rqe ij ;
g o"kZ gks jgh g,4 ftl fnu rqe –‘Ik ek_ jg tkvksxs] drkZ ugC] ml fnu lqjf
r4
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lqjfr ij igqapuk g,4 lqjfr dk ¬ej< j[ks4 Sslh f¬Ffr dh dkeuk j[ks] Sslh f
¬Ffr dh vHhîlk j[ks3tgka Htu djuk u i\Ls] gks4 rqe mOks] rqe c,Oks] rqe p
yks] rqe vka[ [ksyks] vka[ can djks3rqégkjk iz®;sd Î®; ijek®ek dh ¬e1fr ls
Hjk gks4 rqégkjk iz®;sd Î®; mldh vpZuk gks4 o1{ dks ns[ks rks o1{ eX og fn[
kB i\Ls4 igk\L dks ns[ks rks igk\L eX og Nqik ekywe i\Ls4 euq‘;kX dks ns[ks rks euq‘
;kX eX c,Os gqS mlh dk nh;k tyrk gqvk ekywe i\Ls4 vka[ can djks rks Hhrj m
ls ikvks4 vka[ [ksyks rks ckgj mls ikvks4 tkxks rks mleX tkxks4 lksvks rks mleX
lksvks4
exj ;g ckr vkt rks u gks ldsxh6 vHh rks u gks ldsxh4 lqjfr rks vuar7vua
r HtukX dk Gy g,4 Htu v˙;kl g,6 lqjfr ¬oHko g,4
nwljk izæu A jkeÎ‘< ijegal vius laü;kfl;kX dks dkfeuh vk,j dkapu ls nwj jg
us ds fyS lrr psrkrs jgrs Fs4 vki vius laü;kfl;kX dks lalkj dks izxk\Prk ls
Hksxus dks dgrs gT4 bl GdZ dk dkj< D;k g,`
GdZ g, gh ugC] blfyS dkj< dk dksB loky ugC g,4 jkeÎ‘< dh Hk"k vk,j
esjh Hk"k eX GdZ g,4 jkeÎ‘< dh Hk"k iqjkus Pax dh g,4 jkeÎ‘< dh Hk"k ;ks
x dh Hk"k g,] esjh Hk"k ra_ dh Hk"k g,4 ysfdu GdZ \tjk Hh ugC g,4
jkeÎ‘< psrkrs gT fd dkfeuh7dkapu ls cpks4 eT rqégX psrkrk ugC4 eT dgrk gwa
A Ohd ls lalkj eX mrj tkvks3dkfeuh eX Hh vk,j dkapu eX Hh3vk,j rqe cp
tkvksxs4 ysfdu cpkus dh n1f‘I rks g, gh4 esjs ns[s rqe iwjh rjg mrj tkvksxs]
rks cpksxs4 rqe vxj iwjh rjg u mrjs] rks u cp ldksxs4 fdrus gh psrks] psr7
psrdj fGj fxjksxs4 gks' laHky7laHkydj fGj7fGj NwI tkSxk4
;ksx dh Hk"k g, A neu4 ;ksx dgrk g, fd tks xyr g, mls dkIdj fxjk nks4 ra
_ dh Hk"k g, ¬ohdkj4 ra_ dgrk g, A tks xyr g,] mls vaxhdkj djds mlls
Mij mO tkvks4 exj vaxhdkj ls mOks Mij4
ra_ ;ksx ls cgqr †;knk efgek'kyh g,4 ;ksx rks euq‘; dh lk/kj< cqf0 dh l
e> eX vk tkrk g,4 ;ksx dh ckr rks le> eX vkrh g,4 ;ksx rks Sslk g, t,ls fd
gkF [jkc g, rks gkF dkI nks6 i,j [jkc g, rks i,j dkI nks4 tks [jkc g, mls
dkIdj GXd nks4 ysfdu Ssls [jkc dks dkI7dkIdj GXdksxs rks rqe viax gh gks
tkvksxs4 'k;n gh dqN cps tks Ohd g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
;ksx dh Hk"k Sslh g, fd vxj gkF us pksjh dh rks gkF dkI nks4 ysfdu fGj n
ku d,ls nksxs` nku Hh gkF ls gh fn;k tkrk g,3mlh gkF ls] ftlls pksjh dh t
krh g,4 rks vxj pksjh djus ds dkj< gkF dkIdj GXd fn;k rks fGj nku ~ ~ ~
fGj nku dh vlaHkouk gks x;h4 vk,j pksjh u dh] brus ls Hh dke vxj gksrk
g, rks Hh Ohd Fk6 tc rd thou eX nku u vkS rc rd dqN Hh u gksxk4 p
ksjh u djuk i;kZîr ugC g,6 mfpr g,] vπNk g,] ysfdu tc thou nku cus rHh
ifjiw<Zrk gksrh g,4
∂ks/ u fd;k] ;g rks gks ldrk g,4 ∂ks/ dks nck nks] dkI Lkyks6 vius dks ∂ks/
ls fc¥dqy jksd yks] fu;a_< dj yks3ysfdu tc ∂ks/ nc tkSxk rks dQ<k dg
ka ls vkSxh` D;kXfd ;g ∂ks/ dh MtkZ gh dQ<k curh g,4 dke dks dkI Lkyks]
dke dI rks tkSxk] ysfdu cz‰p;Z dgka ls vkSxk` D;kXfd cz‰p;Z dke dh
gh MtkZ dk Wikarj< g,4 dke dk neu fd;k rks izse ls oafpr jg tkvksxs4 vk,j
izse ls oafpr jgs rks HfDr d,ls mOsxh`
rks ;ksx rks cgqr lkekü; Hk"k cksyrk g,6 lk/kj< lkalkfjd vkneh dh le> eX
vk tkrh g, Hk"k4 ra_ dh Hk"k c\Lh o,Kkfud g,4 ra_ dgrk g, A tgj dk Hh
mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk g, vk,"f/ dh rjg4 GXdks er] tgj dks Hh GXdks er4
ra_ dh xq<oRk ;gh g, fd ra_ dgrk g, A ;gka dqN xyr rks gks gh ugC ldr
k4 vxj xyr gks jgk g, rks gekjh dqN Hwy7pwd g,4
?j eX oh<k j[h g,] rqégX ctkuk ugC vkrk6 vk,j rqe lksprs gks oh<k GXd nX]
D;kXfd blls 'ksjxqy i,nk gksrk g,4 ra_ dgrk g, A ctkuk lh[ks4 bl oh<k eX c\
Ls lqj i\Ls gT4 bl oh<k eX c\Lk laxhr lks;k g,4 bl oh<k eX c\Ls vkÁkn dh la
Hkouk g,4 bls GXd er nks4 ysfdu ;g ckr lp g, fd rqe vkt gh blls rkj
Ns\Lus yxksxs rks flGZ uCn [jkc gksxh3rqégkjh] ikl7i\Lksfl;kX dh4 iqfyl eX [cj
tkSxh4 yack v˙;kl djuk gksxk4 bu rkjkX ds lkF nks¬rh djuh gksxh4 bu rk
jkX dks igpkuuk gksxk4 bu rkjkX dk foKku le>uk gksxk4 bu rkjkX ds Hhrj c\
Lk fNik gqvk jkt g,4 ftl fnu rqe dykoku gks tkvksxs] ftl fnu rqe le>
yksxs ljxe3bu eX fNis ¬ojkX dk jg¬;] buds ¬ojkX dh Hk"k3ml fnu blls v
iwoZ laxhr i,nk dj ldksxs4 vaxqfy;ka rqégkjs ikl gT] flrkj rqégkjs ikl g,6 ysfdu
blls gh rks laxhr i,nk ugC gksrk] chp eX v˙;kl gksuk pkfgS] chp eX yack
v˙;kl gksuk pkfgS4
fdlh us Sd cgqr c\Ls flrkjoknd dks iwNk3txr..7izfl0 flrkjoknd3 fd vc
rks vkidks v˙;kl u djuk i\Lrk gksxk4 mlus dgk fd ugC] {ek djX] vxj eT
Sd fnu v˙;kl ugC djrk rks eq>s irk py tkrk g, fd dqN deh jg x;h4
vxj eT nks fnu v˙;kl ugC djrk rks esjs tks vkykspd gT] mudks irk py tk
rk g, fd dqN deh g,4 vk,j vxj eT rhu fnu v˙;kl ugC djrk rks lkekü; t

vtgw psr xaokj
urk dks Hh irk py tkrk g, fd dqN deh g,4 v˙;kl lrr pyrk g,4 Sslh ?\
Lh Hh vkrh g, tc v˙;kl ds ikj gks tkrk g, vkneh4
rHh le>ks fd iw<Z eafty feyh3tc flrkjoknd dks oh<k dh tWjr u jg t
kS6 og oh<k dks Nks\L ns6 mldk laxhr mlls gh i,nk gksus yxs4 o,lh ?\Lh Hh v
krh g,4 ysfdu og ?\Lh rks vk[hj eX vkrh g,4 mlds igys rks flrkj ds lkF c
gqr fnu dh nks¬rh cka/uh i\Lsxh4
ra_ c\Lk viwoZ g,4 ;ksx lk/kj< g,4 ;ksx Hksxh dks Hh le> eX vk tkrk g,] D;kX
fd ;ksx Hksxh dh gh Hk"k cksyrk g,4 Hksxh Hh tkurk g, fd dke nqA[ ykrk g,
6 vk,j ;ksx dgrk g, A Nks\Lks4
jkeÎ‘< dgrs gT A dkfeuh7dkapu ls cpks4 ;g lHh dks le> eX vk tkrk g,4
lHh dks irk g, fd dkfeuh ls nqA[ feyk] ih\Lk feyh4 lHh dks irk g, fd ftr
uk dkapu ds ihNs nk,\Ls] /u ds ihNs nk,\Ls] mruk ikxyiu vk;k] gkF rks dqN u
yxk4 ;g rks Hksxh dks Hh irk g,4 ;ksx Hksx dh Hk"k cksyrk g,4 rqégX cgqr v
thc yxsxh ckr4 rqe lksprs gks A ;ksx myIk g, Hksx ls4 ;ksx fc¥dqy ugC g, m
yIk Hksx ls4 vlyh myIh pht rks ra_ g,4 ;ksx rks fc¥dqy ogh Hk"k cksy jgk
g,] tks rqe cksyrs gks6 \tjk Hh varj ugC g,4 blfyS rks ;ksx dk bruk izHko
i\Lk Hksfx;kX ij4 ra_ dks rks dksB txg u feyh] D;kXfd ra_ dks le>us dh c\L
h vk,j Hk"k pkfgS4
ra_ dgrk g, A vaxhdkj dj yks] ¬ohdkj dj yks4 ijek®ek us tks fn;k g,] ml
eX dqN jg¬; gksxk4 dkIks er] GXdks er4 Qdks] t¥nckth u djks4
;ksx dgrk g, A gIkvks2 ;g xkscj ;gka bdØk dj j[k g,] blls nqxΩ/ mO jgh g,
4
ra_ dgrk g, A bldh [kn cukSaxs4 bldks GwykX dh t\LkX eX LkyXxs4 ;gh xkscj]
;g mOrh gqB nqxΩ/] GwykX eX ls lqxa/ cu dj izdI gksxh4 \tjk Qdks4
ra_ rks ekyh dk dke djrk g,4 ;ksx dgrk g, A gIk nks] ;gka bl ?j eX cncw
G,y jgh g,4 ;g dgka bdØk dj j[k g, dw\Lk7dck\L2
;ksx dgrk g, A gIkvks ;g dhp\L4
ra_ dgrk g, A \tjk Qdks] bleX dey ds chp cksS gT6 t¥nh gh bl dhp\L eX
dey mOXxs4
la¬Îr eX dey dk uke g, A iadt4 iadt dk vFZ gksrk g,3iad ls6 dhp\L ls tks
i,nk gksrk4
rqeus ;g jg¬; ns[k] dey t,lk dksB Gwy ugC2 vk,j dey xanxh ls i,nk gksrk
g,4 geus cq0 dks dey ij fcOk;k g, vk,j geus fo‘<q dh ukHh ls dey mxk;
k g,4 vk,j le¬r Kkfu;kX us dgk fd lkroX p∂ eX tc MtkZ igqaprh g, rks lgÛ
ny dey [qyrk g,] lgÛkj [qyrk g,4 tks Hh Js‘O g, bl txr.. eX] geus mldh

vtgw psr xaokj
miek dey ls nh g,4 vk,j dey i,nk dhp\L eX gksrk g,4 ;ksx dgrk g, A dhp\
L dks GXdks] lGkB djks4 lGkB rks gks tkSxh] ysfdu dey fGj i,nk ugC gkXxs4
ra_ dgrk g, A dhp\L g,] blls dey gks ldrs gT A \tjk /,;Z j[ks] /hjt j[ks4
dyk lh[ks4 dey i,nk gks ldrs gT4 vk,j dey i,nk gks tkSa] rHh dqN [wch g,4
dey i,nk gks tkS] rHh dqN cqf0ekuh g,4
eT ra_ dh Hk"k cksyrk gwa4 eT rqels dgrk gwa A dke ls gh izse i,nk gksrk g,4 dk
e eX gh fNik i\Lk g, izse4 dke gh izse ugC g,4 dhp\L gh dey ugC g,4 ysfdu
dey dhp\L eX fNik i\Lk g,4 NkaIks2 izse dks cpk yks4 dgC dke dks dkIus eX izs
e dks Hh er dkI nsuk4 ;gh gksrk g,4 rqégkjs rFkdfFr egk®ek dkeokluk dks
dkI nsrs gT6 muds thou ls izse Hh dI tkrk g,4 fGj c,Os gT os3mnkl] eqn∆ dh
Hkafr2 muds thou eX izse ds dey ugC f[yrs] izse ds ¬oj Hh ugC mOrs4 ;g
rks ckr c\Lh x\Lc\L gks xB4 cqjkB ls rks NqIdkjk fey x;k] HykB i,nk ugC gq
B4 D;kX ugC i,nk gqB` D;kXfd cqjkB dh tks MtkZ Fh] mlls Hh NqIdkjk gks x;k
4 ogh MtkZ HykB cuusokyh Fh4
rqégkjs Hhrj tks Hh MtkZSa gT] os fodflr gksus dks gT] dkIus dks ugC gT4 mudh
lhf\P;ka cukuh gT4
rks ra_ dgrk g, A lalkj eX tkvks4 lc rjg ds vuqHo eX tkvks4 dke ls izse i,
nk gksxk4 fGj izse eX Hh vxj [kstchu tkjh j[h] vk,j NkaIk] vk,j [kstk] vk,j
xgjs xS3rks HfDr i,nk gksxh4 HfDr i,nk gks tkS] rc rd Qduk er4 vk,j f
tl fnu HfDr i,nk gks tkSxh] ml fnu rqe vpkud ikvksxs A vkt dke dk r
ks dgC Hh ¬oj ugC jgk4 ftl fnu dey i,nk gks x;k] dey eX rqe dhp\L [ks
t ikvksxs2 dhp\L dh rks ckr Nks\Lks] dey dks ikuh Hh ugC Nwrk4 dhp\L dh r
ks ckr gh Nks\L nks] ikuh Hh ugC Nwrk dey dks4 blfyS lkjs Kkfu;kX us dey
dh miek yh g,4
laü;klh deyor. gksuk pkfgS4 ikuh eX gks vk,j ikuh NqS u4 lalkj eX gks vk,j
lalkj NqS u4 lalkj ls Hkxdj vxj lalkj u Nqvk rks bleX dksB efgek ugC g,
4 lalkj ls Hkx xS] fGj lalkj u Nqvk rks bleX efgek D;k g,` yk,Idj vkvks
] irk py tkSxk fd vHh Hh Nwrk g,4 blfyS Hxk\sLs laü;klh Ljs jgrs gT fd
dgC okfil lalkj eX tkuk u i\Ls6 ?c\LkS jgrs gT4 ;g dksB eqfDr gqB` Sslh ?
c\LkgI ls Hjh gqB eqfDr nks dk,\Lh dh g,4
rks jkeÎ‘< tks dgrs gT 8dkfeuh7dkapu ls lko/ku9] ogh eT Hh dgrk gwa4 ysfd
u jkeÎ‘< ;ksx dh Hk"k cksyrs gT6 eT ra_ dh Hk"k cksyrk gwa4 eT dgrk gwa] jk
eÎ‘< t,lk gh dgrk gwa fd ikj rks tkuk g,6 ysfdu dkIdj ugC] thdj] vuqH
o ls4 fupks\Luk g, thou ls ijek®ek dks4 ijek®ek ;gka fNik g,4 t,ls lksuk i\Lk
g, [knku eX] feÈh eX feyk4 feÈh dks fudkydj vyx dj nsuk g,] lksus dks c
pk ysuk g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
dkeokluk ls thou i,nk gksrk g,] ;g rks rqe ns[rs gh gks4 dkeokluk ls flGZ
lalkj ds ca/u gh i,nk gksrs gT] bruh gh ckr ns[rs gks` ;g nwljh ckr ugC ns[
rs fd dkeokluk ls rqe i,nk gqS` lkjk thou dkeokluk ls i,nk gksrk g,4 rks
dkeokluk ls nks phtX i,nk gks jgh gT3nks igyw gT A Sd rjG lalkj i,nk gks jgk
g, vk,j Sd rjG thou dk vkfoHkZo gks jgk g,4 ;s Gwy lc dkeokluk ds f[
ys gT4 ;s i{h tks xquxqukgI dj jgs gT] ;g lc dkeokluk dh g,4 ;g iqdkj p
y jgh g, izse dh4 ;g viuh izs;lh vk,j izseh dh ryk' py jgh g,4 og tks eks
j ia[ G,ykdj ukprk g,] og D;k rqe lksprs gks Htu dj jgk g,` ;k dks;y
tks dqgw7dqgw dh iqdkj djrh g,] D;k rqe lksprs gks ikxy gks x;h g,` og lc
izse dh gh xqgkj4 os dke ds gh Wi gT4
vxj rqe xk,j ls ns[ks rks lkjs txr.. eX rqégX dke gh fn[k;h nsxk4 o,Kkfud dg
rs gT fd GwykX ls tks xa/ mOrh g,] og Hh dke g,4 xa/ ds ek÷;e ls Gwy vius
oh;kZ<qvkX dks Hst jgs gT3nwljs GwykX ds ikl3tgka feydj uS tohu dh 'qQvkr
gks tkSxh4
;g lkjk txr.. vxj rqe ns[ksxs rks dke dk fo¬rkj g,4 bleX tks Hh thoar g,]
og dke g,4 brus thou dk tgka ls Ûksr g,] mlh Ûksr eX dgC ijek®ek dks [ks
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yks] dgC Sslk u gks fd Vtnxh ns[rs7ns[rs ek,r vk tkS4 ftruh t¥nh ns[ y
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lk D;kX gks jgk g,` iwjc dk vkneh /u ls ijs'ku g,6 /u ugC feyk4 lqanj ¬_h
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C gqvk rks NqIdkjk ugC gksrk4 ifæpe ds vkneh ds ikl lc g,4 lqanj ls lqanj d
kj g,6 lqanj ls lqanj edku g,6 lqanj ls lqanj i®uh] ifr] cπps4 vk,j lc [kyh g
kF] dksjs ds dksjs2 jk[ gkF eX eqag eX jk[ dk ¬okn4 bldk c\Lk ∂kafrdkjh ifj
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h ckrkX eX4 Sd u;k tkxj< i,nk gqvk g,4

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dksB LkŒDIj g,] dksB baftfu;j g,] dksB izksGslj g,] dksB ppZ dk iknjh g,4 ;s lk
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2
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Hh lezkI dks feyus vkrk Fk4 vkf[j lezkI ls jgk u x;k4 Sd fnu mlus iw
Nk ~ ~ ~ Sdkar Fk] nksukX c,Os Fs ~ ~ ~ mlus iwNk A Sd ckr iwNwa` vki tc Hh
vkrs gT rks i,ls dh ekax djrs gT4 eT tc Hh vkrk gwa rks ijek®ek dh ckr djr
k vkrk gwa4 ;g d,lh Gdhjh vkidh` vkils rks eT †;knk /k√ed6 eT tc Hh vk
rk gwa rks ijek®ek dh ckr djus vkrk gwa4 vk,j vki tc Hh dHh vkrs gT esjs i
kl rks dqN QiS dh ekax djrs gT /u dh ekax djrs gT4
og Gdhj galus yxk4 mlus dgk fd ;g rks lh/k7lkG g,] bleX ekeyk D;k`
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ogh vkneh ekaxrk g,4
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] os [qn Hh le>rs gT fd vc ;g esjh mez Hh gks x;h] vc ;g ckr Hh D;k
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rs gT A tkvks] lalkj dks vuqHo djks4 vk,j eq>s bleX dqN jl ugC ekywe gksrk4
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vHh rks jl gksuk pkfgS] vHh rks eT toku gwa4
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jl vHh gksuk pkfgS] tWj dqN u dqN x\Lc\L g, esjs Hhrj] D;kXfd esjk jl
fc¥dqy pyk x;k] eq>s dksB m®lqdrk gh ugC g, f¬_;kX eX4
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nxhHj jkeÎ‘< dh ckr ekudj pyrk jgk A 8dkfeuh7dkapu ls lko/ku29 lk
o/kuh cjr7cjr dj xL.Ps eX fxjk 4 ;g tks toku y\Ldk g,] ;g ra_ dh Hk"k
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fy;k ftruk fd cw\Pk vkneh iTlO lky eX ugC ns[ ik;k4 ;g cgqr y\Lfd;kX ds
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;FZ dh cdokl g,49 IwI x;k liuk4 IwI x;k Hze4 Hze IwIrs gh vuqHo ls gT4
eT tks dg jgk gwa] mleX vk,j jkeÎ‘< dh ckr eX fu‘d"Z eX dksB Hsn ugC g,6
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yS g,4
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xj rqe jkeÎ‘< ds opu i\Pks] opuke1r jkeÎ‘< ds] rks rqe Hh Fks\Ls g,jku gks
tkvksxs4 Sslk dksB fnu gh ugC tkrk ftl fnu os le>krs ugC vius HDrkX dks
] fd dkfeuh7dkapu Nks\Lks] dkfeuh7dkapu Nks\Lks] dkfeuh7dkapu Nks\Lks2 blls if
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mudks le>k jgs gT] D;kXfd bl Hkjr dk eu lfn;kX ls bruk nfer gks x;k
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ek djX4 vkidh c\Lh Îik49 ysfdu og lqus gh ughsa4 ljnkj rks ljnkj2 mügkXus
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ks feuI ckn eTus dgk fd vc eq>s tkus nX] eq>s m®lqdrk ugC g, Hfo‘; eX dksB]
fd vkidks /u feysxk] fd i®uh feysxh] fd edku feysxk4 mlus dgk A esjs
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us dk crk jgs gks4
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ydj ns fnS4 gkykafd ;g ckr †;knrh dh g,] D;kXfd og iwNuk gh ugC pkgrk6
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j Hh ikap QiS Ghl ns fnS fd fdlh rjg >a>I NwIs] D;kXfd ljnkjth etcwr
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us ikap QiS igys ns fnS3flGZ blfyS fd >a>I NwIs4 ;|fi eq>s os Hh nsus ugC
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rs xS4 vc rqe ikap QiS ekaxrs gks4
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inkFZoknh] e,fIfj;fy¬I2
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4 vc vkneh pkan7rkjkX ij py jgk g,4 lkjh phtX cny x;h gT4 vkt ds vuqdw
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t ls Lj gks] mlh pht ls xqtj tkuk4 mldks vaxhdkj dj ysuk] pquk,rh cuk ys
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dk] e,nku eX gkfd;ka vk x;h gT] f[yk\Lh [\Ls gT3vk,j rqe Hkx [\Ls gqS2 rqe
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ls ns[k4 vka[kX ns[k lkap4 ftruk rqeus vuqHo fd;k] mruk gh l®; g,] mlls
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kfeuh7dkapu ds ikj pys xS gT4 os rqels dg jgs gT fd rqe Hh ikj gks tkvks4
;g Ssls g, fd t,ls Sd cw\Pk vkneh cπpkX dks dg jgk g, fd HkB dkeokluk ds
ikj gks tkvks4 ;g cw\Pk Ohd cksy jgk g,4 exj fduls cksy jgk g,` bls ;g [
;ky gh ugC g, fd ;s tks cπps gT] ;s vHh d,ls ckgj gks tkSaxs` igys bügX Hhr
j rks gksus nks4 blds igys fd ckgj gksus dks dgks] de7ls7de Hhrj rks tkus nks
4 ;g tks ljdl py jgk g, lalkj dk] bleX Fks\Lk7cgqr fnu rks budks ns[ ysus
nks4 rqe rks ckgj gks xS] rqe rks cw\Ps gks xS] rqe bügX vHh ls rks cw\Ps er d
j nks4

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rks lalkj dk iz;kstu gksxk4
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foijhr gT4 ;g ckr Ohd yxrh g,4 rqégkjs egk®ek ijek®ek ds foijhr ekywe
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d Hkxks4 vxj ijek®ek gh lalkj ds foijhr g, rks cukS D;kX` vxj ijek®ek
gh lalkj ds foijhr g,] le>ks Hwy7pwd eX igyh nGk cuk Hh x;k gksxk] rks v
c rks can dj ns4 exj Fdrk gh ugC4 jkst uS yksx vkrs7tkrs gT4 jkst uS ch
t vadqfjr gksrs gT4 jkst uS Gwy f[yrs gT4 jkst uS i{h] uS euq‘;4 lalkj p
yrk gh tkrk g,4 ijek®ek Fdrk gh ugC4 ijek®ek fujk' ugC gqvk4
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djrk g,] fGj Hh ijek®ek fujk' ugC g,6 fGj Hh mldh vk'k g,4 Sd nGk
gkjrs gks nqckjk Hstrk g,] nqckjk gkjrs gks] frckjk Hstrk g,4 Hstrk gh pyk tk
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] vk,j ik fy;k fd ;gka dqN Hh ugC] rc rd rqégX okfil Hstk tkSxk4
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bl ij rqeus dHh lkspk` vk,j rqeus blij dHh lkspk fd ge D;kX dgrs gT fd
cq0] ukud] dchj] iyIw fGj ugC vkS D;kX` tku fy;k] tks fo|kFñ mRh<Z
gksdj vk x;k foæofo|ky; ls] fGj okfil ugC tkrk4 fGj D;k tWjr jgh`
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uk i\Lrk g,4
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y”; vkuan g,] ;|fi eqfDr vk,j vkuan Sd gh flDds ds nks igyw gT4 ftldks
eqfDr feyh] mls vkuan Hh feyrk g,4 vk,j ftls vkuan feyk] mls eqfDr Hh fe
yrh g,4 os Sd gh flDds ds nks igyw gT4 os vyx7vyx ugC gT4 ysfdu pwafd Kk
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4 ¬oHkorA] mlds fyS vkuan xk,< g,] Nk;k dh rjg g,4
rqégkjk fe_ rqégkjs ?j vk;k] rks rqe fe_ dh vxokuh djrs gks6 mldh Nk;k
dh ugC4 Nk;k Hh vk;h6 t,lk fe_ vk;k o,ls Nk;k Hh vk;h] ysfdu rqe Nk;k
dh vxokuh ugC djrs4 rqe Gwy7gkj fe_ dks igukrs gks] Nk;k dks ugC4 rqe
fe_ dk ¬okxr djrs gks] canuokj yxkrs3Nk;k ds fyS ugC4 ;|fi Nk;k Hh l
kF jgh g,4
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mldh vkdka{k g, rks ftl ij vkdka{k yxh g,] ftl ij ÷;ku vIdk g,] tc
og ?Iuk ?Isxh rks og eks{ dh gh iz'alk ds] efgek ds opu cksysxk4 vkuan m
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yr gks4 ge tks djrs gT] og xyr gks tkrk g,4 Sslh f¬Ffr eX vki geX lkG7lk
G D;kX ugC crkrs fd ge D;k djX`
fGj Hh iwNrs gks D;k djX2 fGj rqe tks djksxs] xyr gh gksxk4 rqe le>ksxs d
c` ;g djus dh ckr ugC g,3;g djuk Nks\Lus dh ckr g,4 ijek®ek dks djus
nks4 rqe er djks] rqégkjh c\Lh Îik gksxh4 rqe dkGh dj fyS] dj7dj ds rqe
us lc [jkc dj fn;k4 rqe drkZ er cuks4 drkZ ogh g,4 djrk7iqQ[2 og Sd
ek_ drkZ g,4 rqe mls djus nks4 rqe mlds okgu cuks4 rqe mldh ckalqjh cuks6
mls xhr xkus nks4
;gh rks eT dg jgk rqels ckj7ckj fd eT dqN dgrk gwa] rqe dqN le>rs gks4 eT
us rqe ls dgk A rqe tks Hh djksxs xyr gh djksxs] D;kXfd rqe xyr gks4 tc eT
dgrk gwa rqe xyr gks] rks bldk D;k eryc gksrk g,` bldk eryc g, fd rq
e gks] blfyS rqe xyr gks4 rqégkjk gksuk] rqégkjk vgadkj3rqégkjh xyrh g,4 rq
e feIks] rqe lgh gks tkvksxs4 feIs fd lgh] vk,j jgs fd xyr4 rqe dqN myIk
le>rs gks4 rqe lksprs gks A pyks eT xyr gwa] rks Ohd d,ls gks tkMa` exj rqe
jguk pkgrs gks] feIuk ugC pkgrs4 rqe dgrs gks A pyks dksB xyrh gksxh] ml
dks fudky nXxs] Ohd dks vks\P yXxs4 ;g pknj Ohd ugC] nwljh pknj vks\Pus dks
r,;kj gT4 exj rqe Hhrj ogh jgksxs6 pknj cny yksxs A di\Ls cny yksxs] os"
cny yksxs4 rqe lc cnyus dks r,;kj gks6 Sd pht Hj ugC cnyuk pkgrs3og
tks Hhrj vgadkj g,4 og 8eT9 Hj jgk vkS4 mldks ltkrs pys tkrs gks4 rqe d
grs gks A pyks] ;s xgus Ohd ugC] nwljs xgus igu ysrs gT4
rqe feIksxs dc` eT Hh le>rk gwa4 rqégkjh rdyhG Hh eT le>rk gwa4 rqégkjs i
kl Sd t\L Hk"k g,4 rqégkjh Vtnxh ds vuqHo ls cuh Sd Hk"k g,4 ml Hk"k
eX tc esjs 'çn i\Lrs gT rks mudh ÷ofu foÎr gks tkrh g,4
eTus lquk g,] nhoky ls dku yxkS [\Ls Sd x/s us nwljs x/s ls iwNk A 8;gka D;kX
[\Ls gks` 9 ;gka D;k dj jgs gks` igys x/s us tokc fn;k A 8esjk cπpk [ks x
;k g,4 bl ?j ls y\Lus dh vkokt vk jgh g,4 Sd dgrk g, rw x/s dk cπpk g,
4 vk,j nwljk dgrk g, rw x/s dk cπpk g,4 lksprk gwa] dc y\LkB [®e gks] esjk
cπpk ?j ls ckgj fudys] rks ysdj tkMa29 x/k vius cπps dh ryk' eX g,4 m
ls D;k irk fd ;g vkneh] tks Sd7nwljs dks x/k dg jgs gT] x/k ugC gT4 mls
D;k irk fd budks x/s dgus dk vFZ c\Lk vk,j g,4 mls D;k irk fd ;s flGZ xk
fy;ka ns jgs gT4 ;s fdlh rƒ; dh ?ks"<k ugC dj jgs gT4 exj x/s dks d,ls irk
pys` x/k rks vius cπps dh ryk' eX fudyk g,4 og lkspk g, fd ;g Hh [wc
jgh] bl ?j ds Hhrj esjk cπpk g,] vc fudy vkS rks Ohd g,] ys tkMa4 >
x\Lk [®e gks rks eT ys tkMa4

vtgw psr xaokj
eT tc rqels cksy jgk gwa rks fujarj Sslk gksxk4 eT dgwaxk dqN] rqe le>ksxs dqN
4 eTus dgk rqe tks Hh djksxs] xyr gksxk] D;kXfd rqe xyr gks] D;kXfd rqégkjk
gksuk gh xyrh g,4 rqégkjs u gksus eX lc Ohd gks tkSxk4 rqe ugC gqS fd ijek
®ek gqvk4 rqe tc rd gks] ijek®ek ugC g,4 vk,j tc rqe ugC jgksxs] rc ije
k®ek gks ldrk g,4 ijek®ek Ohd g, vk,j rqe xyr gks4 rqe rks Ohd gks gh ugC
ldrs vk,j ijek®ek xyr ugC gks ldrk4 Sslk xf<r g,4 rqeus vius dks \tjk
Hh cpk;k rks xyrh tkjh jgsxh6 rqe cslqjk lqj i,nk djrs jgksxs4 rqe rks fonk
gks tkvks4
blhfyS rks dgk iyIw us fd enk˜ dk dke g,4 tks feIus dks r,;kj gks] tks viu
h xnZu vius gkF ls mrkj dj j[us dks r,;kj gks3ogh] dsoy ogh nq¬lkglh m
l ijefiz; vo¬Fk dks ikus ds fyS ;ks≈; gks ikrk g,6 ml ije î;kjs ds }kj eX
izos' dj ikrk g,4
rqe iwNrs gks A 8lkG7lkG D;kX ugC crkrs gT fd ge D;k djX`9 rqe lksprs gks
fd ftruk lkG7lkG eT crkrk gwa] blls vk,j †;knk lkG7lkG crk;k tk ldrk
g,` lkG7lkG crkrk gwa4 jkst ogh7ogh fGj7fGj crkrk gwa4 dqN uB ckr dgus
dks ugC g,4 ckr rks Sd gh dgus dks g,4 lans' rks NksIk7lk g,6 Sd iks¬IdkLZ i
j fy[k tk ldrk g,4 vk,j Ssls rks nqfu;k ds lkjs 'k¬_ Hh mls fy[7fy[ dj
iwjk ugC dg ikrs gT4 lans' rks bruk gh g, fd rqe 'wü; gks tkvks] rks rqégkjs 'w
ü; eX ijek®ek mrj vkrk g,4 rqe gqS 'wü; fd gqS iw<Z4 cwan [ksB lkxj eX fd
gks xB lkxj4
exj rqe lkG7lkG ugC le> ikrs] ;g eT le>rk gwa4 rqe dg jgs gks eq>ls f
d vki lkG7lkG D;kX ugC crkrs` bruk gh dgks fd ge lkG7lkG D;kX ugC
le> ikrs gT` ogka rd Ohd g,4 esjh rjG ls fc¥dqy lkG7lkG crk jgk gwa4 b
lls †;knk lkG7lkG u dHh crk;k x;k g, vk,j u dHh crk;k tk ldsxk4 vk,j
D;k lkG7lkG gks ldrk g,` Sd7Sd rkuk7ckuk [ksydj rqégkjs lkeus j[ fn
;k g,4 dqN fNikuk ugC g,4 dqN jg¬; ugC g,4 lc iRs rqégkjs lkeus [ksydj j
[ fnS gT4
gka] rqégX lkG7lkG ugC gks jgk g,] og eT le>rk gwa4 D;kXfd rqe le>us dks m®
lqd gh ugC gks4 rqe rks t¥nh ls dqN djus dks m®lqd gks] rqégkjh id\L gh xy
r g,4 rqe eq>s lqurs oDr ;g Hhrj xf<_h gh fcOkrs jgrs gks fd bleX D;k7D
;k djus ;ks≈; fey tkS rks djds fn[k nX4 mlh djus dh vkdka{k ds dkj< rq
e le>uk Hh pwd tkrs gks4
Sd LkŒDIj ;gka vkrs gT4 mudks eT ns[rk gwa fd t,ls gh eT dqN cksyrk gwa] og
t¥nh ls viuh tsc ls uksI7cqd fudky dj uksI djrs gT4 fGj eTus mudks dgk f
d tc eT le>k jgk gwa] rc le>ksxs ugC] fGj ;g uksI7cqd ls d,ls le>ksxs`
og cksys fd eT dke dh ckrX t¥nh ls fy[ ysrk gwa] dHh dke i\LXxh4 eTus dgk

vtgw psr xaokj
A igys rqe le> rks yks] rHh dke i\L ldrh gT4 le> yks rks vHh dke i\L
x;C4 vk,j vxj u le>s] uksI7cqd eX fy[ yC] rks D;k gksxk` fdrus rks 'k¬_
r,;kj gT nqfu;k eX] vc rqe vk,j D;k uksI7cqd cuk jgs gks` lc rks fy[k g, x
hrk eX] lc rks fy[k g, dqjku eX] lc rks fy[k g, xqQxzaF eX3rqe D;k vk,j uksI
7cqd cuk jgs gks2 rqégkjh uksI7cqd dqN †;knk dke dh ugC gksxh4
tc eTus mudks dgk] rks mügkXus dgk A ckr rks vki Ohd dgrs gT4 blhls eT x\L
c\L eX Hh i\L tkrk gwa] D;kXfd ftruh nsj eT fy[rk gwa] mruh nsj vki D;k cks
ys] og pwd tkrk g,4 fGj tc eT fy[uk can djds vkidks lqurk gwa rks [aLu g
ks x;k] og chp eX brus fg¬ls pwd xS] bldks eT Ohd ls id\L ugC ikrk6 fGj
tc rd id\Lus dk jk¬rk curk g,] rc rd vki fGj dqN Sslh ckr cksy nsrs
gT fd fy[uk i\Lrk g,4
eTus dgk fd rqe viuh v\Lpu rqe dj jgs gks4 og eq>ls dg xS fd vc Sslk
ugC dWaxk4 eTus ns[k fd og c\Lh eqfædy eX i\Ls gT4 mudks eT dHh7dHh ns[
ysrk rks igys og lkeus c,Ors Fs] vc ;gka fdukjs c,Ous yxs4 fGj eTus Sd fnu
fdukjs ns[k rks og pksjh ls viuh uksI7cqd fudkydj fy[ jgs Fs4 eTus mudks
fGj cqyok;k] fd blls rks rqe de ls de lkgwdkj dh rjg fy[rs Fs] ogh
vπNk Fk4 ;g pksj2 vc vk,j Sd pksjh dk iki eq>dks Hh yxsxk fd eTus rqed
ks pksj cuk fn;k2
eT fdlh dks vijk/h ugC cukuk pkgrk4 rqe ets ls lkeus gh fy[ks6 vc fy[
us ls cp gh ugC ldrs] rqégkjh ek,t4
og cksys fd cl x\Lc\L gks tkrh g,4 ugC fy[rk gwa rks Sslk yxrk g,] pwd xS]
irk ugC fGj ;kn jgs u jgs4
tks le> xS og Hwyksxs d,ls` dksB le>h ckr dHh Hwyk g,` tks le>s ugC] o
gh Hwyrk g,4 tks le> gh xS] og rks jx7js's eX lek x;k4 og rks rqégkjk p,r
ü; cu x;k4 mls dHh dksB ugC Hwyrk4 exj le>us dh fnDdr ugC4
og cksys A ysfdu Sslk g, fd dHh] dke i\L tkS] fdlh Vtnxh eX tWjr vk t
kS] dc le; ij dke vk tkS] dk,u7lh ifjf¬Ffr ~ ~ ~4 rks eT uksI djds j[
rk gwa4
rqe pkgs fdlh uksI7cqd eX uksI djrs gksvks] ysfdu ¬e1fr eX rqe Hh djrs gks] b
leX cgqr Hsn ugC g,4 b/j eT cksy jgk gwa] rqe m/j Hhrj ¬e1fr eX fy[rs pys
tkrs fd gka] ;g ckr dke dh g,] ;g djds ns[Xxs4 exj djds ns[us ij rqégk
jk tksj g,4 le> vHh gks ldrh g,4 djuk rks dy gksxk4 djuk rks vHh ugC g
ks ldrk4 djuk rks tc ifjf¬Ffr cusxh rc gksxk4 djuk rks Iky fn;k Hfo‘;
ij4 le> orZeku eX gksrh g,] djuk Hfo‘; eX gksrk g,4 Hfo‘; dHh vkrk ugC4
tks vkrk g, og orZeku g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
rqe le>ks] eT rks lkG7lkG dg jgk gwa4 esjh eqØh fc¥dqy [qyh g,4 ysfdu rqe
le>us dh r,;kjh eX ugC gks] rqe djus dh m®lqdrk eX gks] djuk vgadkj dk
jksx g, A dqN dWa2 vk,j le>us ls vgadkj cpuk pkgrk g,] D;kXfd vxj le>
eX vk tkS rks vgadkj dks ejuk i\Lrk g,4 le>uk vgadkj dh vk®eg®;k g,4 l
e>nkj cprk ugC4 le>nkj 'h' mrkjdj j[ nsrk g,4 mrj gh tkrk g,4 le
> gh ryokj dk dke djrh g,4
fGj] ;g lqu7lqu dj rqe le>nkj gks tkrs gks4 fcuk le>s2 lqu7lqu dj2 ¬e1f
r eX uksI djrs xS] djrs xS] rqégkjk 'k¬_ c\Lk gks x;k] fGj rqe le>nkj
gks xS4 jkst7jkst rqe eq>s lqurs gks] jkst7jkst rqe le>nkj gksrs tkrs gks4 rqé
gkjh ¬e1fr c\Lh gksrh tkrh g,4 vk,j jkst7jkst rqégkjh le> eqfædy eX i\Lrh tk
rh g,4 le>uk vlaHo gksus yxrk g,4 D;kXfd og rqeus tks dy bdØk dj fy;k
g, ¬e1fr eX] mlds in∆ ij in∆ i\L tkrs gT4
le>nkjkX dks le>kuk cgqr dfOu dke gks tkrk g,4 iafLrkX dks txkuk cgqr df
Ou dke gks tkrk g,4 tks lksprs gT fd ge tkurs gh gT] mudks tukuk cgqr df
Ou dke gks tkrk g,4
rks ;gh rqégkjh v\Lpu g,4 Sd rks rqe le>rs ugC4 le>us ds uke ij >wOh ¬
e1fr eX fIîif<;ka fy[rs tkrs gks] uksI djrs pys tkrs gks4 fGj og ¬e1fr dh n
¬rkost esjs vk,j rqégkjs chp i\L tkrh g,4 fGj rqe eq>s lqurs gks] ysfdu chp eX
c\Lh Hh\L fopkjkX dh jgrh g,2
eq¥yk ulQYhu chekj Fk4 vk,j mlds LkŒDIj us dgk3iqjkuh dgkor g,3fd Sd
lso jkst [kvks rks LkŒDIj ikl ugC vkrk4 rks mlds LkŒDIj us dgk fd eq¥yk]
vxj Sd lso jkst [kvks ~ ~ ~Siy S Ls] dhîl fn LkŒDIj vos4 rks eq¥yk us dg
k A vjs bleX D;k j[k g,2 eq>s blls Hh c\Lh ckr ekywe g,2
Kkuh vkneh] iafLr] ek,yoh2 LkŒDIj us dgk A rqégX D;k ekywe blls †;knk` eq¥
yk us dgk fd Sd yglqu jkst [kvks] LkŒDIj dk rks D;k] eksg¥ysHj ds yksxkX
dks nwj j[rk g,4
vc ;g ftudks tkuus dk [;ky g,] muds lkF c\Lh >a>I gks tkrh g,4 og LkŒD
Ij Hh pkTddj [\Lk jg x;k fd ckr rks c\Lh Maph dg jgk g, og4 yglqu jks
t [kvks2 vk,j vxj rqégX bldk vuqHo iwNuk gks rks e,_s;th ls ~ ~ ~e,_s;th y
glqu ds izseh gT4 lkjh nqfu;k dks nwj j[rk g, yglqu4 dksB ikl ugC G\Ldrk4 ®
;kfx;kX vk,j laü;kfl;kX dks yglqu [kuk pkfgS4 mlls lalkj nwj7nwj jgrk g,4 d
ksB ikl gh ugC vkS4 dkfeuh7dkapu ls nwj j[us dh tWjr ugC g,] dkfeuh7dka
pu [qn gh nwj Hkxs2
rks Sd rks le>rs ugC] dqN dk dqN le> ysrs gks] ml dqN dks bdØk djrs
tkrs gks] laxzg cukrs tkrs gks4 og rqégkjk 'k¬_ cu x;k4 bl 'k¬_ dks vkx d
ks ns nks4 bl 'k¬_ dks vkx eX Lky nks4

vtgw psr xaokj
phtX fc¥dqy lkG gT4 ;gka dqN Hh fNik;k ugC tk jgk g,4 fdlh ckr dks xqîr
j[us ij esjk Hjkslk ugC g,4 l®; dks izdI gksuk pkfgS3u≈u4 vk,j eT u≈u l®
; rqégX ns jgk gwa4 mu ij o¬_ Hh ugC gT4 mügX ltk;k7laokjk Hh ugC x;k g,4
mügX o,lk dk o,lk rqégX ns jgk gwa] t,ls Sd [kfyl [nku ls fudyrs gT4 rqégkjh
le> eX u vkSa rks rqe dqN v\Lpu Lky jgs gks4 viuh v\LpuX nwj djks4
vkt bruk gh4
eu feghu dj yhftS] tc fim ykx, gkF44
tc fim ykx, gkF] uhp Ï, lc ls jguk4
iπNkiπNh ®;kx map ckuh uVg dguk44
eku7c\LkB [ks; [kd eX thrs feyuk4
xkjh dksm n, tk; fNek dfj pqids jguk44
lcdh dj, rkjhG] vkidks NksIk tku4
ifgys gkF mOk; lhl ij lcdh vku,44
iyIw lksb lqgkxuh] ghjk >yd, ekF4
eu feghu dj yhftS] tc fim ykx, gkF 44¡§44
ikuh dkdks nsb î;kl ls eqok eqlkfGj44

eqok eqlkfGj î;kl] Lksj vks yqfI;k ikl,4
c,O dqoka dh txr] tru fcuq dk,u fudkl,44
vkx, Hkstu /jk Fkfj eX [krk ukgC4
Hw[7Hw[ dj, lksj] dk,u Lkj, eq[ekgC44

vtgw psr xaokj
nh;k ckrh rsy vkfx g, ukVg tjko,4
[le [ks;k g, ikl] [le dks [kstu tko,44
iyIw Lxjk lw/] vIfdd, ijrk fxj7fxj4
ikuh dkdks nsb î;kl ls eqok eqlkfGj44¡¶44
lar7pju dks Nksf\Ld,] iwtr Hwr c,rky44

iwtr Hwr c,rky] eqS ij Hwrb gksB4
tsdj tgoka tho] var dks gkso, lksB44
nso firj lc >wO] ldy ;g eu dh Hzeuk4
;gh Hje eX i\Lk] yxk g, thou7ejuk44
nsB7nsok lso ijein dsfgus ikok4
H,jkX nqxkZ lho ckaf/d, ujd iOkok44
iyIw var ?lhfIgT] pksIh /fj7/fj dky4
lar7pju dks Nksf\Ld,] iwtr Hwr c,rky44¡•44
î;kj djuk rks cgqr vklku] izs;lh]

var rd mldk fuHkuk gh dfOu g,]
g, cgqr vklku Oqdjkuk fdlh dks]
g, eqfædy Hwy Hh tkuk fdlh dks]

vtgw psr xaokj
izk< nhid chp lkalkX dh gok eX
;kn dh ckrh tykuk gh dfOu g,
var rd mldk fuHkuk gh dfOu g,4
¬oîucu{<Hjfdlh¬ofîuye;uds
÷;ku eafnj eX fdlh ehjka exu ds
nsork cuuk ugC eqfædy] exj
lc Hkj iwtk dk mOkuk gh dfOu g,
var rd mldk fuHkuk gh dfOu g,
ph[ fp¥ykrs lqukrs foæoHj dks
ikj dj ysrs lHh chg\L Lxj dks]
fo"7cq>s iaF ij dIq daIdkX dh
gj pqHu ij eq¬djkuk gh dfOu g,
Nks\L u,;k ok;q7/kjk ds lgkjs
gT lHh gh lgt yx tkrs fdukjs

vtgw psr xaokj
/kj ds foijhr ysfdu uko [s dj
gj ygj dks rI cukuk gh dfOu g,
izse rks dk,u ugC djuk pkgrk g,2 Sslk dk,u g, tks izse eX ugC Lwcuk pkgrk g,2
ysfdu yksx Lwcrs ugC4 vk,j Sslk Hh ugC fd izse dh lfjrk rqégkjs ?j ds ikl
ls ugC cgrh4 rqégkjh vka[ ds lkeus cgrh g,4 ysfdu dqN dkj< g, fd i,j r
I ij x\Ls jg tkrs gT6 lfjrk eX mrjrs ugC4
izse pkgdj Hh izse gks ugC ikrk4 dksB ihNs [Cprk g,4 izse dh vikj pquk,rh g,
4 izse lc rjG ls cqykrk g,4 ysfdu ge vius eX can] vius dkjkx1g eX Lwcs jg
tkrs gT] vius va/sjs eX Lwcs jg tkrs gT4 pquk,rh ugC lquk;h i\Lrh] Sslk Hh ugC4
izse ds f'[jkX ls vkrh vkokt gekjs dkukX rd ugC igqaprh] Sslk Hh ugC g,4
ysfdu dqN dfOukB g,4 ml dfOukB dks le> ysuk tWjh g,4
izse eX tkus ls ge Qd7Qd tkrs gT4 D;kXfd izse eX tkus dk vFZ e1®;q eX tkuk g,
4 izse eX tkus dk vFZ g, feIuk4 izse rks ge djuk pkgrs gT6 ysfdu vius dks c
pkdj djuk pkgrs gT4 cl ogC v\Lpu gks tkrh g,4 tks vius dks cpkdj izse
djuk pkgsxk] og dHh izse u dj ldsxk4
vgadkj dh ek,twnxh eX izse f[yrk gh ugC4 vgadkj g, rks izse gksrk gh ugC4 v
k,j ge blh vlaHo dks djus dh dksf'' eX tüekX7tüekX ls yxs gT4 ge pkgrs gT
;g gks tkSA fdlh rjg nks vk,j nks] pkj u gkX] ikap gks tkSa4 ge ps‘Ik eX yxs
gT4 gekjh ps‘Ik gj ckj gkj tkrh g,4 ysfdu vk'k ugC gkjrh4 ge lksprs gTA
vkt gkj xS] dy lGy gks tkSaxs4 vius dks cpkdj izse djuk g,4
;k rks vius dks cpk yks ;k izse dj yks4 ;s nksukX ckrX lkF ugC gksrh4 vius dks
feIkvks] rks gh izse gksrk g,4 rqégkjh dcz ij gh f[yrk g, izse dk Gwy4 ;gh
v\Lpu g,4 ;gh dfOukB g,4
blfyS pkgdj Hh] [wc pkgdj Hh ugC gks ikrk4 r\LGrs gT fcuk izse ds4 vk,j
izse pkjkX rjG ek,twn g,] D;kXfd ijek®ek pkjkX rjG ek,twn g,4 jks'uh ds fyS
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ge c\Ls ¬Fwy gT4 gekjh ¬Fwyrk dB rjg dh g,4 igyh rks gekjh ¬Fwyrk ;g g,
fd gekjs Hhrj rhukX ek,twn gTA cGZ] ikuh] Hki4 cGZ t,lh rks gekjh nsg g,3¬
Fwy] cgqr ¬Fwy4 ikuh t,lk gekjk eu g,3c\Lk rjy] cgk7cgk4 blfyS rks eu
dks id\L ugC ikrs6 bruk rjy g,] eqØh ugC ca/rh4 vk,j gekjh vk®ek Hki t,
lh g,3fn[k;h gh ugC i\Lrh4 vc bu rhukX eX rqe ftlds lkF laca/ cka/ksxs] o,
ls gh gks tkvksxs4 vxj rqeus lkspk eT nsg gwa rks rqe cgqr ¬Fwy gks xS4 rqégkjh
ekü;rk gh rks rqégkjk ø;fDr®o cu tkrh g,4 rqeus lkspk eT nsg gwa] 'jhj gwa] rks
rqe 'jhj gks xS4 rqeus ekuk fd rqe ogh gks xS4 vc rqégkjh /kj<k us rqégX
i®Fj ls tks\L fn;k4 vc rqe c\Ls ¬Fwy gks xS4 vc rqégkjk thou7ø;ogkj gh ¬
Fwy gks tkSxk4 vc tks vkneh lksprk g, eT 'jhj gwa] og ek,r ls cgqr Ljsxk4
D;kXfd ;g ns[rk g, jkst 'jhjkX dks ejrs4 ;g ek,r ls Ljsxk rks /u dks [wc i
d\Lsxk4 cTd eX c,yXl bdØk djsxk] D;kXfd yxrk g, /u ls 'k;n lqj{k gks4 vx
j ;g ek,r ls Ljsxk rks ;g c\Ls H; ls thus yxsxk4 ;g vxj Hxoku dh iwtk
Hh djsxk rks H; ds dkj< djsxk4 vk,j H; ls dksB iwtk gqB` H; ds tgj ls
dgC iwtk dk ve1r fudyrk g,` vxj ;g eafnj Hh tkSxk rks flGZ H; ds dk
j<] fd ek,r vk jgh g,] Hxoku cpkS2 ;g ujd ls Ljsxk] blfyS nku Hh d
jsxk4 ysfdu Lj ls fdlh us nku fd;k` nku d,ls gksxk`
nku rks izse ls gksrk g,4 nku rks vkuan ls gksrk g,4 H; dh xanxh ls nku ugC fu
dyrk g,4 nku dh xaxkSa H; dh xanh ukfy;kX ls ugC fudyrC6 xaxks_h pkfgS4
lgt] ljy vkuan dk Hko pkfgS4 izkFZuk Hh rHh i,nk gksrh g,] tc izse vkanksf

vtgw psr xaokj
yr gksrk g,6 tc Ôn; rjafxr gksrk g, izse ls4 H; ls Ljs tk jgs gT] rks Hxok
u Hh >wOk gksxk4 H; ls fu/kZfjr Hxoku] H; dk gh fo¬rkj g,4
;g tks vkneh g,] tks bruk H;Hhr g, ek,r ls] ;g Vtnxh eX dHh Hh dksB m®
lo u euk ldsxk4 m®lo dgka tgka ek,r pkjkX rjG f?jh gks2 tgka vkt ejs d
y ejs] m®lo dgka2 vk,j tks m®lo u euk ldsxk] og /ü;okn fdl ckr ds f
yS ns` Hxoku dks /ü;okn Hh djuk pkgs rks fdl ckr ds fyS /ü;okn ns`
/ü;okn t,lk dqN tkuk ugC4 u dksB jax Fk] u dksB xa/ Fh thou eX] u dksB
laxhr Fk] u dksB u1®; Fk4 i,jkX eX dHh ?wa?j gh u ca/s4 dHh eqDr Ôn; ls t
hou dk vuqHo Hh u gqvk4 /ü;okn fdl ckr dk` ¬okn gh u feyk] rks /ü;
okn fdl ckr dk4 ;g H;Hhr vkneh m®lo rks euk u ldsxk] ;g rks fldq\L
k tk jgk g, H; ds dkj<4 ;g rks l\Lk tk jgk g, H; ds dkj<4 vk,j nsg rks
jkst toku g, rks cw\Ph gks jgh g,6 cw\Ph gks rks ek,r dh rjG ljd jgh g,4 'jhj
rks jkst ej jgk g,4 ftl fnu ls 'jhj i,nk gqvk g,] ml fnu ls ejuk 'qW gks
x;k g,4 igys fnu dk cπpk Hh Sd fnu ej pqdk4 ftudks rqe tüe7fnu dgrs
gks mudks e1®;q fnu dguk pkfgS4 tüefnu ugC ipkl lky gks xS4 rqe dgrs
gks ipkloka tüe7fnu vk x;k4 ek,r ipkl lky djhc vk x;h4 vxj lRj lk
y eX ejuk g, rks chl gh lky vk,j cps4 bldks tüe7fnu dgrs gks] tks ek,r d
ks djhc yk jgk g,`
le; dh /kjk ek,r dks djhc yk jgh g,4 blfyS rks geus bl ns' eX le; dks
vk,j e1®;q dks Sd gh uke fn;k3 8dky94 le; dks Hh dgrs gT dky vk,j e1®
;q dks Hh dgrs gT dky4 le; gh e1®;q g,4 ;g tks H;Hhr vkneh g,] bldk dk
j< D;k g,` ;g 'jhj ls cgqr vius dks Sd le> fy;k g,4
bl ¬Fwyrk ds dkj< ijek®ek rks nwj gks xS] bls pkjkX rjG ;enwr fn[kB i\L
rs gT4 fGj blls Fks\Lk lw”e vkneh g, tks 'jhj ls vius dks Sd ugC djrk] e
u ls vius dks Sd le>rk g,3og Fks\Lk lw”e g,4 mlds thou eX /u dh ctk;
dkø; dks txg gksxh4 lqj{k dh ctk; laxhr eX mls jl gksxk4 cTd eX /u †;k
nk bdØk gks ;k u gks] ;g mldh cgqr Vprk u gksxh4 fe_ gks] laxhr gks] dkø;
gks] mldh Qfp Fks\Lh ifj‘Îr gksxh4 og Fks\Lk vfHtk®;] Fks\Lk vfj¬Iks∂sfId g
ksxk4 og dqN Sslh phtkX eX jl ysxk ftueX 'jhjoknh dks dksB jl ugC le> eX
vkrk4 'jhjoknh dgrk g,A 8D;k fGtwy dh ckrX dj jgs gks` dfork eX D;k j
[k g,` 'jhjoknh dgrk g,A 8blls rks csgrj Fks\Lh 'jkc ih yks4 blls rks csgr
j Hkstu dj yks4 dfork eX D;k j[k g,` ;g dfork lquus eX D;k g,` laxhr eX
D;k lkj g,`9
'jhjoknh dh viuh Hk"k g,3c\Lh ¬Fwy4 mls Sd gh laxhr le> eX vkrk g,] t
c uxn Qi;kX dks dksB [u[ukrk g,6 cl og Sd gh laxhr tkurk g,4 mlls rq
e dgks oh<k ctrh g, lqanj] og dgsxkA D;k j[k g,`

vtgw psr xaokj
eTus lquk g,] nks vkneh Sd jk¬rs ls xqtj jgs Fs4 c\Lk cktkj Fk] c\Lh Hh\L7Hk\L
Fh4 yksx 'ksjxqy dj jgs Fs4 nqdkuX py jgh FC4 xzkgd [jhn jgs Fs4 'k;n ca
cB dk 's;j7ekd∆I gks4 8Gyh9 c,Os gT] muls iwN ldrs gT4 c\Lk 'ksjxqy epk Fk
4 rHh Sd ikl ds eafnj eX ?afI;ka ctus yxC4 ml cktkj dh Hh\L eX fdldks
eafnj dh ?afI;ka lquk;h i\LrC2 ysfdu mu pyrs nks vknfe;kX us dgk fd lqurs
gks] fdruh î;kjh ?afI;ka ct jgh gT2 ml vkneh us dgk A 8\tjk tksj ls dgks] D
;k dg jgs gks` rks mlus tksj ls dgkA 8lqurs gks] eafnj dh ?afI;ka fdruh î;kjh
yx jgh gT29 ij ml nwljs vkneh us dgkA8vkæp;Z] rqégX ;gka eafnj dh ?afI;ka
lquk;h i\Lrh gT3bl mi–o eX] bl dksykgy eX2 ;g laHo d,ls gqvk fd rqégX eaf
nj dh ?afI;ka lquk;h i\L x;C2 ;gka I≠sfGd dk 'ksjxqy epk g,] bruk mi–o p
y jgk g,4 ;gka dgka eafnj dh ?afI;ka2 rqeus lquk d,ls`9
ml vkneh us D;k fd;k] irk g,` mlus vius [hls Sd Qi;k fudkyk4 iqjkus fn
u dh ckr g, tc pkanh ds flDds gqvk djrs Fs4 vk,j mlus tksj ls l\Ld ds fd
ukjs i®Fj ij ml QiS dks iIdk4 [uk[u dh vkokt gqB4 dksB iπphl vkneh
] tks b/j7m/j nqdku ij dke dj jgs Fs] dksB viuk ckr dj jgk Fk] dksB
[jhn7Gjks“r dj jgk Fk] dksB csp jgk Fk3os Sdne Hkxdj vk xS4 mügkXus
dgkA fdlh dk Qi;k fxjk` ml vkneh us dgkA 8ns[rs gks2 eafnj dh ?afI;ka fd
lh dks lquk;h ugC i\L jgh gT2 QiS dh vkokt~ ~ ~29
ge ogh lqurs gT] ftldh geX pkgr gks4 ge gj dqN Fks\Ls gh lqurs gT4 ge Sd
gh jk¬rs ls xqtjrs gT6 vyx7vyx phtX ns[rs gT4 ftldh geX pkgr gksrh g, o
gh ge ns[rs gT4 ftldks ge ns[us fudys gT] ogh geX fn[k;h i\Lrk g,4 vk,j og
h geX lquk;h i\Lrk g, ftldks ge lquus fudys gT4 vc tks QiS ds ihNs nhokuk
g,] og QiS dh vkokt lqu ysxk uCn eX Hh4
eT dqN o"k˜ rd lkxj eX Fk4 ogka Sd feOkBokyk g,4 o,lh xqft;k cukusokyk iw
js eq¥d eX dgC Hh ugC g,4 mldh xqft;k c\Lh izfl0 gT4 cgqr yksxkX us dksf''
dh g, o,lh xqft;k cukus dh] dksB cuk ugC ldk4 mldh dyk vuwOh g,4 mlds
laca/ eX dgk tkrk g, fd vxj jkr nks cts Hh rqégX xqft;k pkfgS gks] rks njo
ktk [I[Ikus dh tWjr ugC] flGZ mlds njokts ij Qi;k [u[uk nks] lks;k g
ks fdruh gh xgjh uCn eX] Sdne [ksydj vk tkrk g, fd HkB] D;k pkfgS2 n
joktk [I[Ikvks rks lquk;h ugC i\Lrk bldks4 fp¥ykvks rks lquk;h ugC i\Lrk4
ysfdu QiS dh vkokt og uCn eX Hh lqu ysrk g,4 xgjh ls xgjh izlqfîr eX Hh
4 tgka ¬oîu Hh u gkX] ogka Hh QiS dh vkokt igqap tkrh g,4
ge ogh lqu ikrs gT] tks ge [kst jgs gT4 tks ijek®ek dks [kst jgk g, og ije
k®ek dks ns[ ikrk g,4 ;gh g, vf¬r®o4 ;gka rqégX ogh fn[ tkrk g, tks rqe [ks
t jgs gks4 rks ftldks QiS eX laxhr ekywe i\Lrk g,] mls jfo'adj ds flrkj eX
jl ugC vkSxk4 og dgsxkA 8D;k fGtwy le; [jkc dj jgs gks29 'k¬_h; lax

vtgw psr xaokj
hr eX ys tkvksxs rks og dgsxk fd ;g D;k vk»»™ºª»»»»™ºª»»~ ~ ~ vk»
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eq¥yk ulQYhu x;k Fk Sd ckj4 vk,j tc laxhrK dkGh nsj rd vk»»™ºª»
»»»™ºª»» ~ ~ ~ vk»»™ºª»»»»™ºª»»~ ~ ~ djrk jgk] rks eq¥yk dh vka
[ ls vkalw fxjus yxs4 mlds i\Lkslh us iwNk fd ulQYhu jks jgs gks2 eTus dHh lks
pk ugC Fk fd rqégX 'k¬_h; laxhr ls bruk jl g,4
mlus dgkA 'k¬_h; laxhr2 dgka dk 'k¬_h; laxhr2 eT jks jgk gwa] D;kXfd ;gh
gkyr esjs cdjs dh gks x;h Fh] tc og ejk4 og vkneh ejsxk4 ;g dgka dk
'k¬_h; laxhr gks jgk g,2 t¥nh ls fdlh LkDIj dks ;k o,| dks cqykvks4 ;gh es
js cdjs dh gkyr gks x;h Fh4 eq>s mldh ;kn vk xB g,3cdjs dh3fd tc og
ejk rks djhc ?aIs Hj vk»»™ºª»»»»™ºª»»~ ~ ~ vk»»™ºª»»»»™ºª»
»~ ~ ~ vk»»™ºª»»»»™ºª»»~ ~ ~ djrk jgk4 eT dqN le>k ugC4 rc eq>s
irk ugC Fk4 eT rc ;gh le>k fd 'k¬_h; laxhr dj jgk g,4 rks ihNs irk p
yk tc ej x;k4 ;g vkneh ejsxk4
viuh7viuh id\L g,4 viuh7viuh rk,y g,4
ftlus vius dks 'jhj ls cka/ j[k g,] og c\Lk ¬Fwy gks tkrk g,4 mldh lkjh i
d\L ¬Fwy gks tkrh g,4 mls thou eX dgC dkø; fn[kB ugC i\Lrk4 o1{kX ls xqtj
rs gqS gok ds >kXdkX eX mls laxhr lqukB ugC i\Lrk4 if{;kX ds daO ls fudyusok
ys ijek®ek ds ¬oj eX mls dksB~ ~ ~ dksB vFZ ugC g,3fujFZd] ø;FZ dk 'ksjxqy
g,4
tks 'jhj ls ca/dj thrk g,] mlls eu ds lkF thusokyk Fks\Lk csgrj g,4 eu ds
lkF thusokyk Fks\Lk rks vka[ Mij mOkrk g,6 Fks\Lk rjy gksrk g,4 vf/d ls v
f/d yksx lalkj eX eu rd igqap ikrs gT4 tks 'jhj eX jgrs gT] muds thou eX
u rks dksB la¬Îfr gksrh g,] u dksB l˙;rk gksrh g,] u dksB vfHtk®; gksrk g,]
u dksB laxhr] u dksB xhr] u dksB u1®;4 muds thou eX n'Zu dh dksB >yd
ugC i\Lrh4 Nk;k ugC i\Lrh4 [kus7ihus dk mudk thou lekîr gks tkrk g,4
ysfdu eu ds lkF laca/ tks\Lusokyk Fks\Lk7lk lw”e gksrk g,4 ij ogC Qd tkuk
mfpr ugC g,] D;kXfd vk,j Hh lw”e gksus dk mik; g,4 tks vius dks vk®ek ls t
ks\L ysrk g,] mldk dkø; dkø; gh ugC jg tkrk] Htu gks tkrk g,4 mldk u1®;
urZdh dk u1®; ugC jg tkrk] ehjka dk u1®; gks tkrk g,4 nksukX eX c\Lk GdZ g,4
urZdh ukprh g,3;k rks nsg ls ca/ dj ukprh gksxh rks] rks cgqr dkeqd gksxk
u1®;6 rc rqégkjs Hhrj okluk dks txkSxk4 D;kXfd ¬Fwy dh pksI ¬Fwy ij i\L
rh g,4
blfyS ifæpe eX cgqr7ls u1®; i,nk gqS gT3vk/qfud u1®;3os flGZ okluk dks t
xkrs gT6 os rqégkjs Hhrj i\Lh okluk dks iz†ofyr djrs gT6 okluk eX ?h dk dk
e djrs gT4 d,cjs b®;kfn4 gksIykX eX yksx u≈u f¬_;kX dks upk jgs gT4 mudh ok

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luk {h< gks x;h g,6 IwIh7GwIh gks x;h g,4 mleX fdlh rjg ?h Lkydj mldks
fGj ls mHkjus dh dksf'' py jgh g,4 urZdh pkgrh g, rks ;k rks mldk 'jhj
laca/ gksxk6 rks rqégkjs Hhrj og okluk dks txkSxh4 vxj 'jhj ls laca/ u g
ks mldk] vxj eu ls laca/ gks] rks rqégkjs Hhrj laxhr dks txkSxh] dkø; dks
txkSxh6 rqégkjs Hhrj eu dks vkanksfyr djsxh4 rqe Fks\Lh nsj ds fyS 'jhj dh
¬Fwyrk ls eqDr gks tkvksxs vk,j eu ds vkdk' eX m\Lksxs4 vk,j vxj urZdh ehj
ka gks ;k p,rü;] rks rqe Fks\Lh nsj ds fyS ije vkdk' eX] egkdk' eX izfo‘I gks
tkvksxs lekf/ cjlsxh4
ehjka ds u1®; eX vk®ek ds lkF mldk laca/ g,4 rks Fks\Lh nsj dks mldk u1®; ns
[rs7ns[rs rqégkjk Hh laca/ tq\L tkSxk4
ge l®lax ls c\Ls vkanksfyr gksrs gT4 vius fe_ cgqr lksp7le>dj pquuk4 D;kXf
d rqégkjs fe_ varrA rqégkjs thou ds fu<kZ;d gks tkrs gT4 vxj ukp gh ns[uk
gks rks ehjka dks [kstuk4 vxj xhr gh lquuk gks rks fdlh iyIw] nfj;k] dchj
dk lquuk4 tc Mapk fey ldrk gks rks D;kX uhps id\Lrs gks` tc xaxkty fe
y ldrk gks rks rqe D;kX fdlh xanh ukyh dk ty ihrs gks`
iyIw dgrs gTA 8eu fefgu dj yhftS] tc fim ykx, gkF49
Ssls /hjs7/hjs eghu gksrs tkvks4 'jhj ls NwIks] eu ls NwIks3vk®ek ls Hh NwIks S
d fnu2 rc ijek®ek ls tq\Lrs gks4 bu rhukX lhf\P;kX dks tks ikjdj tkrk g, vk,
j pk,Fs eX izos' dj tkrk g,3 'jhj ls NwIk] eu ls NwIk] vk®ek ls Hh NwIk4 v
k®ek ls NwIk eryc eT7Hko iwjh rjg lekîr gks x;k4 vk®ek 'çn dk vFZ gksrk
g, eT7Hko4
blfyS cq0 us dgk g,A tks ijen'k g, og 8vuk®ek9 dh g,4 ogka vk®ek Hh ugC
cprh4 ogka 8eT9 gwa] ;g Hko gh ugC cprk4 vuRk4 vRk pyh tkrh g,4 eT7H
ko pyk tkrk g,4 'wü; jg tkrk g,4 mlh 'wü; eX ijek®e7Hko ;k Hkxor7Hko
i,nk gksrk g,4
8tc fim ykx, gkF uhp Ï, lc ls jguk4
vk,j tc fiz; dks gkF ikus dh lp eX gh vkdka{k i,nk gks x;h gks] rks uhp Ï,
lcls jguk4 lcls uhps gksdj jguk] lcls ihNs gksdj jguk4 vkxs dh Hkx7nk,\L
eX er i\Luk4 nwljkX ls vkxs gks tkMa] ;g ps‘Ok] ;g egÂokdka{k gh lalkj dh
tüenk_h g,4
blfyS thll us dgk g,A tks lcls ihNs gT bl txr. es] os ijek®ek ds txr. eX
lcls igys gkXxs4 vk,j tks ;gka lcls vkxs gT] os ogka lcls ihNs gks tkSaxs4 vkxs
dh nk,\L jktuhfr4 lcls vkxs gks tkMa2 iafDr eX lcls vkxs [\Lk gks tkMa2

vtgw psr xaokj
vkxs [\Ls gksus dh vkdka{k vgadkj dh vkdka{k g,4 eT vk,j ihNs d,ls gks ldrk
gwa2 eq>s rks izFe gksuk pfgS4 ;g izFe gksus dk tks jksx g,] ;g lkjh jktuhfr
dks tüekrk g,4
ge NksIs7NksIs cπpkX dk eu Hh tgj ls Hj nsrs gT4 NksIk7lk cπpk ¬dwy tk j
gk g,] ikap7NA lky dk cπpk g,] c¬rk b®;kfn yIdkS ¬dwy tk jgk g,] mldks
ge tgj fiykuk 'qW dj nsrs gT] fd izFe vkuk] d{k eX izFe vkuk2 rhl cπ
pkX dks iNk\L dj vkxs fudy tkuk2 rks gh rqégkjh dqN dher g,4 fGj vxj ;
gh cπps VtnxhHj vkxs gksus eX yxs jgrs gT] dksB /u eX vkxs gksus eX yxk g,]
dksB in eX vkxs gksus eX yxk g,] dksB fdlh rjg] dksB fdlh rjg ;su dsu izdk
js<] fGj dqN Hh gks] dqN lk/u v[®;kj djuk i\Ls3ysfdu fdlh rjg vkxs g
ksuk g,2 D;kXfd vkxs gqS fcuk dksB dher ugC] dksB ew¥; ugC4 ew¥; g, Sd ckr
dk fd rqe dgka gks] fdrus yksx rqégkjs ihNs gT4 ftrus yksxkX dks rqe ihNs dj
rs gks] mrus ew¥;oku gks4
ysfdu ÷;ku j[uk] tc rqe Sd vkneh dks ihNs djrs gks] rqe mrus dOksj gks
xS4 nks dks fd;k] vk,j †;knk dOksj gks xS4 rhu dks fd;k] vk,j †;knk dOksj
gks xS4
egÂokdka{h i®Fj gks tkSxk] c\Lk ¬Fwy gks tkSxk4 jktuhfrK ls †;knk ¬Fwy ø
;fDr lalkj eX nwljk ugC gksrk4 jktuhfrK ls †;knk /eZ ds foijhr nwljk vkn
eh ugC gksrk4 ;gka osæ;kSa Hh /k√ed gks ldrh gT4 ;gka ikih Hh /k√ed gks l
drs gT4 ysfdu jktuhfrK dk /k√ed gksuk cgqr dfOu gks tkrk g,4 dkj<` ml
dh nk,\L gh /eZ ds fc¥dqy foijhr g,4 thll dgrs gTA 8tks ;gka izFe g,] og va
fre gks tkrk g, esjs izHq ds jk†; eX6 vk,j tks vafre g, og izFe gks tkrk g,49
rks ;gka rks izFe jktuhfrK gT4 ;g tks izFe gksus dh nk,\L g,] ;g vgadkj dh g
h mn.?ks"<k g,4 vk,j vgadkj ijek®ek ls rks\Lrk g,4
8tc fim ykx, gkF uhp Ï, lcls jguk49
rks fc¥dqy ihNs gks tkuk] uhps gks tkuk4 x∏s t,ls gks tkuk] igk\L ds f'[j t,ls
ugC4
ns[rs gks] tc o"kZ gksrh g,] igk\L ij Hh gksrh g,6 ysfdu igk\L ij dqN cprk
ugC] lc cg tkrk g,] lc x∏kX eX igqap tkrk g,2 >hyX Hj tkrh gT4 >hyX3tks
[kyh FC3Hj tkrh gT2 vk,j igk\L3tks Hjs Fs3[kyh jg tkrs gT2
;gka tks Hjk og [kyh jg tkSxk4 tks [kyh g,] Hj tkSxk4 bl lw_ dks ftlus
le> fy;k] mls le>us dks dqN vk,j cprk ugC4
8tc fim ykx, gkF uhp Ï, lc ls jguk4

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g jgk g, fd esjk /eZ Ohd3og ;g dg jgk g, eT Ohd4 vxj mldh ckr dks O
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gs frçcr eX] pkgs phu eX4 fu;e eX rks dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 Ihºchº gks tkS3
Vgnw dks] eqlyeku dks] t,u dks 3rks Sd gh bykt dke djrk g,4 t,u ;g ugC
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kt bl ij ugC pysxk4 ;g Ihºch 'kdkgkjh g,6 ;g ekalkgkfj;kX ij pyusokyk
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/eZ g, lw”e dk foKku4 foKku lkoZHk,e gksrk g,] ;qfuolZy gksrk g,4 dksB viok
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3ogka ls /eZ 'qW gksrk g,4
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kB ls vkrh g,6 Hhrj dh izrhfr vk,j lk{k®dkj ls vkrh g,4

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ukf¬rd ;k vkf¬rd`
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dk D;k gksxk` D;kXfd izdk' Hh ogh g,4 vxj eT dgwa ijek®ek nksukX g,] rks dqN
dgk ugC dgk] cjkcj gks x;k] D;kXfd mlls dqN gy u gqvk4 thou Hh ogh]
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ogC ds ogC jgh4 rqe pkgrs gks iDdk gks tkS fd ijek®ek d,lk g,4
cq0 dgrs gTA tks Hh dgk tkSxk] xyr gksxk4 ykvks®lq us Hh ogh dgk g,4 l®;
dgk ugC fd xyr gqvk ugC4 b/j dgk m/j xyr gqvk4 pqi jg tkuk4 ije
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og 8l®; rd d,ls igqapks9] bl laca/ eX dgk x;k g,4 d,ls lw”e gks tkvks] d,ls
lw”e gksrs7gksrs gksrs7gksrs gksrs7gksrs [ks tkvks] foyhu gks tkvks4 fGj tks cp jg
rk g,] mlds ckcr dk,u D;k dg ldk g,2 ok<h pqi g,4 'çn ek,u gT4 eu gh x
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8iπNkiπNh ®;kx map ckuh uVg dguk9
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4 og eT lgh vk,j rw xyr dk [sy py jgk g,4 ;g Hh er dguk4
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ugC nsrk4 eT flGZ mins' nsrk gwa4
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vuqlkj pys] rks eT izlU gksMaxk4
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grk gwa] mls ekudj djks4 eT Kkuh] rqe vKkuh4 ;g Maph ok<h49
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eku7c\LkB [ks; [kd eX thrs feyuk49
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] [wc nqA[ Hksx fy;k6 vc eT dks vk,j u ltkvks4 vc eT ls lc vkHw"< Nhu
yks4 vc eT dks vk,j Hkstu er nks4 vc bl eT dks ej tkus nks4
8eku7c\LkB [ks;] [kd eX thrs feyuk49
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thS] eT u thS4 thrs7th ek,r ?I tkS4 vHh rks D;k gksrk g,3'jhj ejrk g,
tc ek,r ?Irh g,6 eT fGj Hh thrk g,4 rks Sd 'jhj ls Nykax yh vk,j nwljh
nsg eX izos' dj tkrk g,4 b/j Sd 'jhj ls NwIk Hh ugC] {< Hh ugC yxrs]
iy Hh ugC yxrs] b/j rqe ejs vk,j m/j rqeus xHZ /kj< fd;k4 eT rks tkjh
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g,4 eT ej tkS 'jhj ds jgrs] rks fGj nqckjk tüe ugC gksrk4 D;kXfd fGj fd
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dgkA ;g Hh dksB ckr gqB` vHh rks eT dqN Hksx gh ugC ik;k4 Fks\Ls fnu vk,j
eq>s ns nks4 dB ckrX v/wjh jg x;h gT4
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nks] eT t¥nh gh dj ywaxk4 lk, lky eq>s vk,j ns nks4
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Sd dks tkus ds fyS r,;kj dj ys] rks eT rq>s Nks\L tkMa4
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y dk] dksB lRj lky dk4 os Hh dB cw\Ps gks xS Fs4 os rks lc pqids c,Os jg
xS4 os Sd7nwljs dk eqag ns[us yxs4 lc ls NksIk csIk mOdj [\Lk gqvk4 mldh
mez rks dksB chl lky ls †;knk u Fh4 ek,r us mlds csIs dks dgk ukle>] rsjs
c\Ls HkB dksB tkus dks jkth ugC gT] rw D;kX Gal jgk g,`
ml csIs us dgkA c\Ls Hkb;kX dh c\Ls HkB tkuX4 muls iwN yX vki4

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ugC gqvk] rks ge rks vHh lRj lky gh thS gT] dksB lkO gh lky th;k] gek
jk jl d,ls iwjk gks tkS` vk,j tc firk tkus dks r,;kj ugC gT] rks ge D;kX tk
us dks r,;kj gkX` vxj thou ls mudk eksg g, rks gekjk Hh g,4 gekjk rks vk,j
Hh v/wjk jg x;k vHh4 ;g rks ge ls de ls de rhl lky] chl lky †;knk
th fyS gT4 ge D;kX Nks\LX` ge Hh iwjk Hksxuk pkgrs gT4
ml NksIs csIs us dgkA ;g ns[dj fd firk lk, lky eX ugC Hksx ikS] eT lksprk
gwaA jgus ls Hh D;k lkj g,2 v¬lh lky vk,j /Dds [kus ls D;k iz;kstu g,2 tku
k rks i\Lsxk4 rqe lk, lky ckn vkvksxs4 vk,j firk lk, lky eX Hh ugC Hksx ikS
vk,j jksrs gT] vkalw cg jgs gT] rks galrs gqS eT D;kX u pyk tkMa` eq>s ys pyks4
;g ckr [®e gks x;h4
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ugC g,` tc cki ejus dks r,;kj ugC rks csIk D;kX ejs`
vk,j mudh ckr eX rdZ g,6 lalkj dk lh/k xf<r g,4 ysfdu nwljs csIs dh Hh
ckr eX c\Lk xf<r g,6 og ijek®ek dk xf<r g,4 og ;g dgrk g, fd tc lk,
lky eX budk dke iwjk ugC gqvk] rks vc eT gh vk,j v¬lh lky /Dds D;kX [k
Ma` ;g dke rks iwjk gksusokyk ugC g,] esjh le> eX vk x;k] eq>s ys pyks] ck
r [®e gks x;h4
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h rks og fGj daius yxk] fGj mldh vka[ ls vkalw cgus yxs4 ek,r us dgkA vc
cgqr gks x;k] vc pyks4 mlus dgkA ysfdu vHh dqN Hh iwjk ugC gqvk2
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ek,r ys tkrh g,4 vk,j tc gtkj lky iwjs gks xS] nl ckj ;g ?Iuk ?Ih vk,j
ek,r vk;h vk,j ;;kfr fGj jksus yxk] rks ek,r us dgkA vc rks le>ks2 rqe f
tu oklukvkX dks iwjk djuk pkgrs gks] os ¬oHko ls nq‘iwj gT4 rqégkjh le> eX
dc vkSxk` rqe cw\Ps gksdj Hh cpdkus gh cus gqS gks2 ftls rqe iwjk djus pys
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gh g,] Hjrk ugC4 ;g ik_ Hjusokyk ugC g,4
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j lk, lky th yks] vk,j lk, lky lgh] vk,j lk, lky lgh4 Sd gtkj lky rd
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h Hksyh jgh gksxh4 rks ek,r rks cgqr lh[ x;hA vc rqe yk[ flj iIdks] og
tkrh ugC4 og dgrh g,A Nks\Lks cdokl] ;g ge cgqr ns[ pqds4 ysfdu vkneh
dqN ugC lh[k4 ;;kfr dh ?Iuk ls ek,r rks dqN lh[ x;h g,4 vc ekurh ugC
fdlh dk6 fdlh ds csIs7osIs dks ys tkus dks jkth ugC gksrh4 ysfdu vkneh dqN
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ldk ;g g, fd Sslk ekywe gksrk g,] fd euq‘; dh psruk eX dksB fodkl ugC gks
rk4 vxj ge cqjs vknfe;kX dks ns[X rks Hh dksB fodkl ugC gqvk g,4 paxst[ka v
k,j vLks¥G fgIyj eX dk,u7lk fodkl gqvk g,` paxst[ka bruk gh cqjk vkneh Fk
ftruk vLks¥G fgIyj4 ;g nks gtkj lky dk Gklyk dqN GdZ ugC ykrk4 v
xj ge Hys vknfe;kX eX ns[X] rks Hh dksB GdZ ugC gqvk g,4 cq0 eX vk,j jkeÎ‘
< eX] egkohj eX vk,j je< eX~ ~ ~4 dqN Sslk Fks\Ls g, fd je< egkohj ls vkxs
pys xS6 ;k jkeÎ‘< cq0 ls vkxs pys x;s] D;kXfd nks gtkj lky dk] PkB g
tkj lky dk Gklyk g,4 cqjs vkneh Hh ogC ds ogC gT6 Hys vkneh Hh ogC ds
ogC gT4
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dkl ugC gksrk4 fodkl dh /kj<k xyr g,4 phtkX eX GdZ gqvk g,4 vxj ge nl
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rsjs fc¥dqy ikl c,Ok g,6 \tjk vka[ eks\Lus dh ckr g,4 og rsjs gkF eX gkF fnS
c,Ok g,6 \tjk gkF dks thoar djus dh ckr g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
8[le dks [kstu tko,49
Bæoj dks [kstus dh \tjk Hh tWjr ugC g,6 vius dks [ksus dh tWjr g,4 vk,j
Bæoj fey tkrk g,4 exj ge m¥Is gT] ge Bæoj dks [kstus tkrs gT4
8iyIw Lxjk lw/ vIfdd, ijrk fxj7fxj49
iyIw dgrs gTA eT c\Lk g,jku gks jgk gwa] jk¬rk bruk lkG lh/k g,4 8iyIw Lxjk
lw/4 Lxj bruh lh/h] bruh lkG4 vIfdd, ijrk fxj7fxj2 vk,j rw fxj7fxj i\
Lrk g,3Ssls lkG jk¬rs ij tgka dqN mi–o fn[k;h ugC i\Lrk4
8iyIw Lxjk lw/] vIfdd, ijrk fxj7fxj4
ikuh dkdks nsb î;kl ls eqok eqlkfGj449
î;kl ls ejs tk jgs gks] ikuh7ikuh fp¥ykrs gks4 Hw[ dk 'ksj epkrs gks4 Hkstu
dh Fkyh lkeus j[h g,4 ijek®ek dks [kstus nwj tkrs gks] ijek®ek rqégkjs varj
re eX c,Ok g,4 ysfdu ;g fn[k;h ugC i\Lrk ijek®ek4 lqu Hh ysrs gT ge fd ~
~~
8[le [ks;k g, ikl [le dks [kstu tko,4
nh;k ckrh rsy vkfx g, uVg tjko,449
~ ~ ~ lqu ysrs gT] le> Hh ysrs gT fd ijek®ek ikl g,6 ysfdu ckr lqu Hh ysrs
gT] le> eX ugC vkrh6 dgka g,` pkjkX rjG ns[ Hh ysrs gT] fn[k;h Hh ugC i\
Lrk4~~~ rks mldk lw_ nsrs gTA
8lar7pju dks Nksf\L d, iwtr Hwr c,rky49
vxj ijek®ek ikl g,] Sslk tkuuk gks] rks fdlh lar7pj< eX [kstuk4 fdlh th
oar lar ds lkfU÷; eX [kstuk4 Hwr7izsr dh iwtk ls ugC gksxk4 eqnk˜ dh iwtk ls
ugC gksxk4 vrhr dh iwtk ls ugC gksxk4 orZeku eX thfor fdlh lar ds pj<
ls eu dk yxko yx tkS4
ijek®ek rks rqégX nwj ekywe gksrk g,~ ~ ~ nwj D;k6 g, Hh] ;g lafn≈/ g,6 g, Hh
dgC] nwj Hh g,] ;g Hh r; ugC ekywe gksrk4 dgC dksB Sslk ø;fDr rqégX fey
tkS] ftleX rqégX ijek®ek dh Sd NksIh7lh fdj< Hh fn[k;h i\Lrh gks4 lwjt
dk rks geX irk ugC] Nks\Lks lwjt dh ckr] mldh ckr Hh D;k djuh4 dgC dksB
Sslk ø;fDr fey tkS] ftleX lwjt dh Sd fdj< dk Hh vf¬r®o ekywe i\Lr
k gks3rks ml Sd fdj< dk lgkjk id\L ysuk4

vtgw psr xaokj
lar dk vFZ gksrk g,3ftlus tkuk g,6 ftlus th;k g,6 ftlus Hkstu fd;k g,6 ft
lus vius nhS dh ckrh tyk yh g,6 ftlus [le dks ik fy;k g,6 ftlus ml î;
kjs dks miyç/ dj fy;k g,4 rqe vxj mlds ikl c,Oksxs] vxj rqe Fks\Ls mlds
lkfU÷; eX jgksxs rks d,ls cp ldrs gks` pksj ds ikl c,Ors gks] pksj gks tkrs gks
4 chekj ds ikl c,Ors gks] chekj gks tkrs gks4 ftlus î;kjs dks ik fy;k] mlds i
kl c,Oksxs rks Fks\Lh u cgqr e¬rh rqe eX Nkus yxsxh4 'jkch ds ikl c,Ors gks rks
'jkch gks tkrs gks4 l®laxh ds ikl c,Oksxs rks l®laxh gks tkvksxs4
lar ds lkfU÷; dk bruk gh vFZ g,A tks ihS c,Ok g,] \tjk mldh nks¬rh cka/ks4
'k;n mldh nks¬rh ls jk¬rk lkG gksus yxs4
8lar7pju dks Nksf\L d, iwtr Hwr c,rky49
vk,j rqe iwtrs fGjrs gks4 dksB Hwr dks iwt jgk g,] dksB fdlh dh etkj dks iw
t jgk g,] dksB fdlh i®Fj dh ew√r dks iwt jgk g,4
8iwtr Hwr c,rky eqS ij Hwrb gksB4
iyIw dgrs gTA fGj le> ysuk] vxj Ssls Hwr7owr iwtrs jgksxs rks ej dj Hwr
gh gksvksxs4 D;kXfd tks iwtksxs] ogh gks tkvksxs4 ckr rks dke dh dg jgs gT4 ge
tks iwtrs gT ogh gks tkrs gT4 vxj nqfu;k eX i®Fj dh ew√r;ka iwtusokys yksxkX ds
fny iFjhys gks x;s gT] rks dqN vkæp;Z ugC4 i®Fj iwtksxs] i®Fj gks tkvksxs4
eafnj7ef¬tnkX dks iwtusokys yksxkX us ftruk [wu cgk;k g,] mruk fdlh us Hh u
gC cgk;k4 i®Fj dks iwtXxs] i®Fj gks tkSaxs4 ftldks iwtksxs ogh gks tkvksxs4 iwt
us eX \tjk lko/kuh cjruk4 \tjk iwtuk gks rks dqN Ssls dks iwtuk fd ml t,ls
gks tkvks rks iNrkuk u i\Ls4 \tjk ns[dj pquuk4 ejs7ejkS egk®ekvkX dks er
pqu ysuk4 Hwr7izsr gh le>ks mudks4 os Vtnk gT gh ugC4 mnkl c,Os gT4 rqe mud
ks iwtksxs] rqe mnkl gks tkvksxs4 Ssls gh Vtnxh eX cgqr nqA[ Fk] vk,j egk®ek f
ey xS4 nqcys vk,j nks vk"k\P2 vk,j eqlhcr gks x;h4 Sd gh vk"k\P >syuk eqfæ
dy Fk] Ssls gh ejs tk jgs Fs chekfj;kX ls] vk,j vk"k\P nks gks xS4
dgC tkxrs] thoar] u1®; djrs ijek®ek dh dksB Nfo feyrh gks] rks fGj pwd
uk er4 fGj gtkj cgkus [kstdj vk,j rdZ [kstdj cpus dh dksf'' er dj
ysuk4 D;kXfd cpus dks rqégkjs ikl dqN g, ugC] cpkus dks rqégkjs ikl dqN g, u
gC4 g, D;k ftls rqe [ks nksxs`
dB nGs c\Lh g,jkuh gksrh g,4 yksx c\Ls Lj7Lj dj pyrs gT] t,ls muds ikl dqN
[ksus dks g,4 dqN g, ugC ikl [ksus dks4 ikl ugC g, dqN [ksus dks] ;gh rks nqA[
g,4 ikl dqN [ksus dks gksrk~ ~ ~ dqN gksrk ikl rks thou eX lq[ gksrk] 'kafr
gksrh] vkuan gksrk] vgksHko gksrk4 dqN Hh rks ugC g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
dy 8izhfr9 jkr eq>ls ckr dj jgh Fh4 Ljrh g,4 ;gka vkus ls Hh Ljrh g,4 es
jh laü;kfluh g, vk,j ;gka vkus ls Ljrh g,4 ÷;ku djus ls Hh Ljrh g,4 SudkmaI
j vk,j nwljs rjg dh izf∂;kvkX eX tkus dks eTus dgk] mlls ?c\Lkrh g,4 eTus ml
ls iwNkA 8rsjs ikl [ksus dks D;k g,` ?c\Lkrh fdl ckr ls g,`
[ksus dks rks dqN Hh ugC g,4 bruk rks le>ks fd [ksus dks dqN Hh ugC g, gekjs
ikl4 ge o,ls gh yqIs gqS [\Ls gT] vc vk,j D;k yqIXxs2 yqIsjs Hh rqégX ns[dj n
;k [kSaxs4 D;k g, rqégkjs ikl`
eTus lquk g,] eq¥yk ulQYhu ds ?j eX pksj ?qlk] rks pksj rks c\Lk laHydj vanj
x;k Fk4 eq¥yk t¥nh ls mOk vk,j ykyIsu tykdj mlds ikl [\Lk gks x;k vk,
j dgk fd eT Hh lkF nwaxk4 rks pksj cgqr ?c\Lk;k fd ;g fdl rjg dk vkneh
g,2 vk,j Hh~ ~ ~ Vtnxh gks x;h pksjh djrs] dHh ;g~~ykyIsu ysdj lkF2
mlus dgkA vkidk eryc`
mlus dgk A eryc fc¥dqy lkG g, fd rhl lky ls bl edku eX jg jgk gwa]
eq>s dqN ugC feyk6 vc gks ldrk g, rqégkjs lax7lkF eX vkt dqN fey tkS]
rks vka/k7vk/k dj yXxs4
rqégkjs ikl g, D;k` ;g ?j [kyh i\Lk g,4
Sd ckj vk,j Sslh ?Iuk ?Ih] eq¥yk ds ?j pksj ?qlk4 og i\Lksl ls dqN lkeku
pqjk yk;k Fk4 og iksIyh j[ x;k4 vanj eq¥yk ds iwjs edku eX [kst fy;k]
dqN feyk ugC4 tc og iksIyh ysdj pyus yxk rks eq¥yk Hh viuk dacy] ft
l ij og ysIk gqvk Fk] mOkdj mlds lkF gks fy;k4 nl7ikap dne jk¬rs ij
pyus ds ckn ml pksj us iwNk fd egkuqHko] vki esjs lkF D;kX vk jgs gT` rks
eq¥yk us dgkA vc vk,j dgka tkSa` vjs HkB] lkeku rqe ys gh pys] ?j cnyus
dh ge lksp gh jgs Fs] vc dacy vk,j ge gh jgs] ge Hh pyrs gT4
og vkneh cksyk fd dqN rks 'je [kvks2 ;g lkeku eTa nwljs ds ?j ls yk;k gwa
4 bl ij rqe viuk dçtk trk jgs gks2 vk,j vxj Sslk gh g, rks ;g lkeku Hh
rqe ys yks] eq>s {ek djks4 rqedks vk,j ?j dk,u ys tkS2 rqe ;g lkeku j[
yks4 eq> ij Îik djks vk,j vius ?j tkvks4
rqégkjs ikl g, D;k` dqN Hh ugC g,] exj Lj c\Lk g, fd dgC dqN [ks tkS4 f
tuds ikl g, os Ljrs ugC4 D;kXfd ftuds ikl g,] mügX irk py tkrk g, fd tks
g,] og [ks ugC ldrk4 ;g dqN /u Sslk g, fd [ksrk ugC4 vk,j ftuds ikl u
gC g,] os cgqr Ljrs gT4 ftuds ikl ugC g,] os Ljrs gT fd dgC [ks u tkS6 vk,j
ftuds ikl g, os Ljrs ugC] D;kXfd ;g [ksrk gh ugC4 ;g rks ftruk ckaIks] m
ruk c\Pusokyk /u g,4 tc gksrk g, rks ckaIus ls c\Prk g,6 vk,j tc ugC gksrk g,
rks [ksus dk Lj yxrk g,4 Sslh myIh f¬Ffr g,4
8lar7pju dks Nksf\Ld, iwtr Hwr c,rky4

vtgw psr xaokj
iwtr Hwr c,rky eqS ij Hwrb gksB49

tks iwtksxs] ogh gks tkvksxs4 blfyS ftu pj<kX dks id\Lks] cgqr7cgqr cks/7ls 3
tgka dqN thoar fdj< gks] tgka izse dk dksB Gwy f[yk gks] tgka lekf/ dh dq
N lqax/ gks2
8tsdj tgoka tho] var dks gkso, lksB49
ftlds ikl jgksxs] var eX o,ls gh gks tkvksxs4
8nso7firj lc >wO] ldy ;g eu dh Hzeuk49
vk,j ;g nso7firj vk,j firj dh iwtk vk,j py jgk g, firj7i{ vk,j iqj"ksRe
ekl vk,j i;qZ"< ioZ vk,j je\tku vk,j tekus Hj ds mi–o3 buls dqN Hh lk
j ugC g,4
8nso7firj lc >wO] ldy ;g eu dh Hzeuk4
;gh Hze eX i\Lk] yxk g, thou ejuk449
vk,j Ssls gh rks thrs jgs] ejrs jgs] ejrs jgs] thrs jgs3dqN ik;k ugC] dqN gk
F yxk ugC] cl Sd Hze eX Lksyrs jgs4
8nsB7nsok lso ije7in dsfgus ikok4
H,jkX nqxkZ lho ckaf/ d, ujd iOkok449
c\Lh fgéer dk opu g,] c\Lh ∂kafr dk opu g,4 dgrs gT fd 8nsB7nsok lso ije
7in dsfgus ikok493fdlus] dc ik;k g, nsoh nsorkvkX dh iwtk djus ls ije in
` fdlus dc ik;k g,`
8H,jkX nqxkZ lho ckaf/ d, ujd iOkok49
rqégkjs H,jo] nqxkZ] f'o] lc rqégX ujd ys tkSaxs4 D;kX` ijek®ek dk Hjkslk rks
fdlh thoar ls gh vk ldrk g,4 eafnj dh ew√r;kX ls ugC6 tgka Vpe;7Wi mr
jk gks] ogka4 eqnk˜ ls ugC6 tgka ijek®ek vHh æokl ys jgk gks] ogka4
ysfdu gekjh vthc gkyr g,2 tc cq0 ek,twn gksrs gT] rc ge muls cprs gT4
tc cq0 tk pqds gksrs gT] tc mt\L pqdk] tc mt\L pqdh cgkj] tc olar tk
pqdk] tc Gwy fonk gks xS vk,j flGZ lw[s iRs i\Ls jg tkrs gT] ir>\L vk x;k]
rc ge iwtk 'qW djrs gT4 mu lw[s iRkX eX vc dqN Hh ugC g,4 gka] dHh os

vtgw psr xaokj
iRs gjs Fs vk,j dHh mu iRkX ij gokvkX us ukp ukpk Fk] lwjt dh fdj<kX us
xhr jps Fs vk,j dHh i{h vkS Fs vk,j mügkXus vkuan euk;k Fk4 exj vc os i
Rs flGZ lw[s gT6 vc rks rqégX dgC vk,j clar [kstuk i\Lsxk4
cq0 iqQ" lnk gksrs gT6 t,ls clar lnk vkrk g,4 ysfdu ir>\L dh iwtk can djks4
tks x;k] x;k4 vc f'o ek,twn ugC gT] vc cq0 ek,twn ugC gT] vc eksgéen e
k,twn ugC gT4 os xS4 mueX tks ek,twn gqvk Fk] og vc Hh dgC ek,twn gksxk4 rq
e Wi ls er td\Ls tkvks4 rqe nh;kX dks er id\Lks] jks'uh dk [;ky djks4
ugC rks gksrk D;k g,` cq0 dk nh;k] mlds uhps dB yksxkX dks jks'uh feyh4 fG
j †;ksfr rks m\L x;h] fGj eqnkZ nh;k i\Lk jg x;k4 vc mldh iwtk py jgh g,
4 vc rqe dgrs gksA bl nhS ls dksB Kku feyk Fk] rks ge rks blh dh iwtk d
jXxs] ge d,ls Nks\L nX` gtkjkX dks blls Kku feyk Fk] ge d,ls Nks\L nX`
rqe Ohd dgrs gks4 rqe xyr Hh ugC dgrs4 exj \tjk xk,j ls rks ns[ks] †;ksfr
m\L xB4 vc †;ksfr fdlh vk,j nhS ij mrjh g,4 vc †;ksfr fdlh eksgéen ij
mrj x;h g,] fd †;ksfr fdlh thll ij mrj xB g,] fd †;ksfr fdlh Î‘<ew√r
ij mrj xB g,] fd fdlh je< ij] jkeÎ‘< ij mrj xB g,4 †;ksfr vc dgC
vk,j mrj xB g,4 rqe †;ksfr dh fG∂ djks4 †;ksfr ls Kku feyk Fk6 nhS ls F
ks\Ls gh feyk Fk2 nhS dks id\Ls c,Os jgksxs] mlls D;k gksxk` cq0 ds opukX eX tks
'wü; cksyk Fk] og rks vc ogka ugC g,4 vc rks 'k¬_ jg x;k4
lnk thfor xqQ dks [kstks4
8iyIw var ?lhfIgT pksIh /fj7/fj dky4
lar pju dks Nksf\Ld, iwt, Hwr c,rky449
vk,j le; jgrs thou dk Ohd mi;ksx dj yks4 dksB lar7pju xg yks4 ijek®e
k dk rks rqégX irk ugC g,4 ysfdu dksB ijek®ek t,lk] Fks\Lk ek_k eX Hh ijek®
ek t,lk rqégX yx tkS] rks fu¬ladksp Hko ls mldk lkF xg yks4 Sd ckj rqég
kjs thou eX Fks\Lh7Fks\Lh vuqHwfr dh >yd vkus yxs] Fks\Lk ¬okn yx tkS] rks f
Gj ijek®ek nwj ugC g,4 ijek®ek cgqr ikl g,4 Sslk u gks fd le; chr tkS4
iyIw dgrs gTA8pkyk tkr clar dar u ?j vkS49 ;g clar chrk pyk tkrk g,
vk,j izHq rqégkjs ?j eX vHh rd ugC vk ikS4 î;kjk rqégkjs ?j eX vHh rd u
gC mrjk4 rks fGj ftlds thou eX vHh clar gks] mlls nks¬rh cka/ yks4 lh/s r
ks ijek®ek ls rqe vHh lacaf/r ugC gks ldrs] rks ftldk laca/ gks] de ls de
mldk gkF rks id\L yks2 mldk lsrq cuk yks4
ln.xqQ dk bruk gh vFZ gksrk g,A rqégkjs vk,j vKkr ds chp lsrq4 ln.xqQ dk S
d gkF ijek®ek ds gkF eX g,] Sd gkF rqégkjs gkF eX4 ln.xqQ ls nks¬rh cu l
drh g,] D;kXfd ln.xqQ dqN7dqN rqe t,lk vk,j dqN7dqN rqe t,lk ugC4 dqN7dqN

vtgw psr xaokj
ijek®ek t,lk vk,j dqN7dqN rqe t,lk4 ln.xqQ vkneh g, vk,j vkneh ds lkF7l
kF dqN] vkneh ds ikj g,4 nh;k vk,j †;ksfr4
ln.xqQ dk pj< xg yks] rks †;knk nsj u yxsxh4 ;g ckr le>us eX] fd ijek®
ek fudI vkrk g,4 nwj rHh rd g, tc rd fn[k;h ugC i\Lk4 t,ls gh fn[k;h
i\Lk] fudI g,4 fudI ls Hh fudI g,4 fudI dguk Hh Ohd ugC4 ijek®ek rqég
kjs Hhrj fojkteku g,4 rqe ijek®ek gks2
vkt bruk gh4
dHh vki dgrs gTa] 8Hhrj ds Hko ls th;ks9 vk,j dHh dgrs gT 8thou tks dqN
ykS mlds lkF rFkrk eX th;ks] loZ7¬ohdkj ds lkF th;ks49 Hhrj dk Nan vk,
j ckgj dh f¬Ffr nksukX ges'k Sd d,ls jg ldrs gT` Îik iwoZd ekxZn'Zu djX4
eT izkFZuk ugC dj ikrk gwa] t,ls dksB jksd ysrk g,4 vki ekxZn'Zu nX4
vki xq<kX eX lkgl dks lokZf/d efgek nsrs gT4 yxrk g,] /eZ dk Sdek_ okgu
lkgl g,4 ysfdu lkgl ls gh rks Lkdk] g®;k vk,j ;q0 Hh fu‘iU gkssrs gT4 flda
nj vk,j usiksfy;u] jkŒfcu gqL vk,j ekuVlg] fgIyj vk,j ekvks D;k de lkglh
yksx Fs` ;k lkgl vk,j lkgl eX Hh GdZ g,`
igyk izæu A dHh vki dgrs gT] 8Hhrj ds Hko ls th;ks9 vk,j dHh dgrs gT] 8
thou tks dqN ykS mlds lkF rFkrk eX th;ks] loZ ¬ohdkj ds lkF th;ks49 Hh
rj dk Nan vk,j ckgj dh f¬Ffr nksukX ges'k Sd d,ls jg ldrs gT` Îik iwoZd
ekxZn'Zu djX4
vf¬r®o Sd g,6 ckgj7Hhrj eX dksB Hsn ugC g,4 ftls rqe 8ckgj9 dgrs gks] 8H
hrj9 ls tq\Lk g,3v[aL4 ftls rqe 8Hhrj9 dgrs gks] 8ckgj9 ls tq\Lk g,4 Ssls gh
t,ls rqégkjs ?j dk njoktk g,6 ?j ds Hhrj dk vkdk' g, vk,j ?j ds ckgj dk
vkdk' g,3ij nksukX vyx ugC4 vk,j rqeus tks nhokyX mOkdj vyx dj j[k
g,] os nhokyX rqégkjh cuk;h gqB gT4 vk,j mu nhokykX ls vkdk' [afLr ugC gksrk
4
vkdk' dks dkIus dk mik; ugC g,6 u ryokj ls dIrk g,] u nhoky ls dIrk
g,4 [aL vkdk' ds fdS ugC tk ldrs4 t,lk vkdk' g,] Sslh gh vk®ek g,4 ckg
j vk,j Hhrj3Sd gh4 ;g rks nsg dh nhoky g,] ftlls ckgj vk,j Hhrj dk g
eX loky mOrk g,4 exj nsg dh nhoky ls dqN [aLu ugC gksrk4
rks [;ky j[ks] tc eT dgrk gwa Hhrj ds Nan ls th;ks vk,j tc eT dgrk gwa ck
gj dh ifjf¬Ffr dks ¬ohdkj djds th;ks] v¬ohdkj u djks3rks nksukX eX dqN fo

vtgw psr xaokj
jks/ ugC g,4 vk,j vxj le>ksxs rks nksukX gh ckrkX eX tks eT dg jgk gwa og Sd
gh ckr dg jgk gwa4 og ckr ;g g, A vgadkj ls er th;ks4 eT vyx gwa] bl Hk
o ls er th;ks4 eT vyx gwa] ;g Hko fxj tkS] rkss fGj Hhrj vk,j ckgj eX D
;k Hsn2 eT x;k fd nhoky xB4 eT x;k fd lhek x;h4 ;g eT dh gh lhek g, t
ks geus [Cp j[h g,4
exj ge lhekvkX eX c\Lk Hjkslk djrs gT4 Vgnq¬rku dh lhek ikfd¬rku dh lhe
k geus [Cp j[h g,6 tehu ij dgC Hh ugC g,] uD's ij g,4 uD's >wOs gT4 vkn
eh ds cukS gqS gT4 ysfdu uD'kX ij gekjk c\Lk Hjkslk g,4 uD'kX ds fyS ge
ejrs gT] ekjrs gT6 tehu dh rjG ugC ns[rs4 tehu dh rkss Nks\L nks] vkdk'
Hh ckaIk gqvk g,4 Vgnq¬rku dk vkdk' vyx] ikfd¬rku dk vkdk' vyx4
t,ls uD's ij geus tehu ckaI yh g,] Ssls gh geus fopkj eX ijek®ek dks ckaI f
y;k g,3esjk] rsjk6 ckgj dk] Hhrj dk4 ysfdu ;s lkjs foHktu vk,j js[kSa tks
geus [Cph gT] >wOh gT4 bu js[kvkX dk >wO fn[k;h i\L tkS rks ;g [ks tkrh
gT4 rc rqe galksxs4 dk,u ckgj] dk,u Hhrj2 Sd gh fojktk g,4
rks ;k rks ckgj ls 'qW djks ;k Hhrj ls4 ;g rks 'qW djus ds fyS nkss ckrX eT
rqels dgrk gwa4 D;kssafd dqN yksx cfgeqZ[h gT4 Hhrj dh ckr mudh le> eX ug
C i\Lrh4 Hhrj ;kuh D;k` Hhrj dk }kj gh Hwy xS gT4 vius ?j ds ckgj br
us fnu jg fyS gT fd ?j ds Hhrj Hh tk ldrs gT] bldh mügX ;kn ugC jgh]
fo¬ej< gks x;k g,4 muds fyS ckgj dk dgrk gwa4 muls dgrk gwa A ckgj tks i
fjf¬Ffr gks] mlds lkF rFkrk4 cfgeqZ[h] ftldks tqax us SD¬I≠ksoIZ dgk g,] ml
ds fyS ckgj ds lkF rFkrk4 ckgj Hh ijek®ek g,4 mlds lkF Sdk®eHko] la
rkss"6 tks vkS ¬ohdkj6 t,lk vkS o,lk ¬ohdkj4 tks ijek®ek ns] /ü;okn6 tks u
ns] mlds fyS /ü;okn4 ckgj ds lkF ije Sdjlrk4 ;g cfgeqZ[h ds fyS ij
ek®ek eX igqapus dh ckr g,4
dqN gT] tks vareqZ[h yksx gT6 tks eqfædy ls vka[ [ksy ikrs gT6 ftudk txr.. o¬
rqrA Hhrj g,4 os rHh e¬r gkssrs gT] tc vka[ can gksrh g,4 ;s tkss vareqZ[h yksx
gT] buls vxj ckgj dh ckr dgks] bügX le> eX u vkSxh4 og Hk"k buds fy
S vifjfpr g,4 rks ;s Hhrj LwcX4 blfyS nksukX ckrX dgrk gwa4 Hhrj ds Nan eX
Lwc tkvks ;k ckgj ds Nan ls Sd gks tkvks4
rqeus lquk gksxk rks rqégX v\Lpu gqB gksxh fd ;s nksukX ckrX Sd lkF d,ls gks ld
rh gT4 ckgj dh ifjf¬Ffr vk,j Hhrj dk Nan lkF7lkF pysxk d,ls` dHh gks l
drk g,] Hhrj dk Nan dgC tkS vk,,j ckgj dh ifjf¬Ffr dgC tkS] rks ruko
i,nk gks tkSxk4 Sslk dHh gqvk gh ugC g,4 ckgj vk,j Hhrj eX dksB fojks/ ugC
g,4 ;g rks rqe gks] rqégkjh ek,twnxh g,] tks fojks/ [\Lk dj jgh g,4 txr. ije
vkuan ls Hjiwj g,4 ;g rks rqe gks] tks nqA[h gks4 nqA[ rqégkjh lk/uk ls i,nk g
ks jgk g,4 rqe c\Lh lk/uk dj jgs gks nqA[ i,nk djus ds fyS4

vtgw psr xaokj
esjh ckr lquksxs rks rqe pkTdksxs] D;kXfd eT fujarj ;gh dgrk gwaA vkuan ¬oHko
g,6 nqA[ dks i,nk djuk i\Lrk g,4 chekjh ykuh i\Lrh g,6 ¬ok¬ƒ; g,4 tc rqe ¬o¬
F gksrs gks rc rqe LkŒDIj ds ikl ugC tkrs3iwNus fd eT ¬o¬F D;kX gwa` D;kX dk
izæu ugC mOkrs4 ;g Hh ugC iwNrs fd 8¬ok¬ƒ; fdldk eq>s yx x;k g,` ;g
dgka ls vk x;k`9 u rqe ¬ok¬ƒ; dks ¬ohdkj djrs gks] fd ¬ok¬ƒ; izkÎfrd vo
¬Fk g,6 u rks fdlh ls yxrk] u dgC ls vkrk g,4 ogh 'çn dk vFZ Hh gksrk g,
38¬ok¬ƒ;9 dk4 ¬ok¬ƒ; dk vFZ gksrk g, 8¬o9 eX f¬Fr4 vius Hhrj ek,twn g,4 b
ldk rks c\Lk cgqew¥; g,4 chekjh ckgj ls4 chekjh fotkrh; g,4 chekjh ijnslh
g,4 chekjh dhIk<qvkX ds lgkjs vkrh g,4 chekjh dh la∂kedrk gksrh g,4 ¬ok¬ƒ;2
¬ok¬ƒ; g,4 jksx vkrk g,] uhjksxrk vkrh ugC4
Ohd Sslk gh vkuan vk,j nqA[4 tks vkuafnr g,] og ugC iwNrk fd eT vkuafnr D
;kX gwa` rqeus dHh iwNk ;g izæu` tc rqe vkuafnr gksrs gks] D;k rqe iwNrs gks
eT vkuafnr D;kX gaw` ;g izæu vlaxr gksxk4 ;g vFZghu gksxk4 u rqe iwNrs gks]
u rqe lksprs gks4 tc rqe vkuafnr gks] rc rqe lgt ¬ohdkj djrs gks4 izæu r
ks rc mOrk g, tc rqe nqA[h gks4 rc rqe iwNrs gks A eT nqA[h D;kX gwa` izæu blf
yS mOrk g, fd dqN ?I jgk g, tks ugC ?Iuk pkfgS4 izæu blhfyS mOrk g, f
d dqN v?I ?I jgk g,4 izæu dh lkFZdrk ;gh g, fd dqN v¬okHkfod ?I jgk
g,4 izæu v¬okHkfod ds laca/ eX iwNrs gT6 ¬okHkfod ds laca/ eX ugC iwNrs4
lqcg lwjt mxrk g,] ge ugC iwNrs A D;kX` lka> lwjt Lwcrk g,] ge ugC iwNrsA
D;kX` Sd jkr] vk/h jkr eX lwjt mx vkS rks ge tWj iwNXxs A D;kX` Sd f
nu Hj7nqigjh eX lwjt Lwc tkS rks ge tWj iwNXxs A D;kX` D;kX dk izæu gh r
c mOrk g, tc dqN ?Irk g, tks ugC ?Iuk pkfgS Fk4
vkuan lgt n'k g,4 ;g lkjk txr. vkuan ls Hjk g,4 rqe nqA[ i,nk djrs gks4
vk,j rqégkjs nqA[ i,nk djus dk tks igyk vk/kj g,] og vgadkj g,4 eT gwa3cl rq
e fldq\Ls 4 eT gwa fd rqe NksIs cus4 dgka fojkI Fs] tc eT dk Hko ugC gksrk] r
c ;g lkjk vf¬r®o rqégkjk g,6 ;g lkjk vkdk' rqégkjk g,4 t,ls gh eT7Hko vk
;k] rqe NksIs gks xS] nhu gks xS] {q– gks xS4 bl NksIh7lh nsg eX ca/ xS4 nsg
eX Hh ftudks yxrk g, dkGh c\Ls gT] og NksIh7lh [ksi\Lh eX lek xS gT4 cl
mudh [ksi\Lh eX gh mudk eT jgus yxk4 bruh NksIh txg eX brus fojkI dks l
ekus dh dksf'' djksxs] nqA[ u i,nk gksxk rks D;k gksxk` vlaHo dks djus dh
dksf'' dj jgs gks4 fGj f'dk;rX mOrh gT4
dy eT Sd xhr i\Prk Fk A
D;k feyk rqedks cuk eq>dks vukfJr nhu ;kX]
pkIrs vjeku viuk gh ygw jgrs lnk
vkej< t,ls fo"e la?"Z gh laiw<Z g,
Sd {< dk Hh ugC foJke izk<kX dks cnk

vtgw psr xaokj
D;k foGyrk gh gqB lkdkj esjs tüe eX`
ø;FZrk gh ø;FZrk esjh lewph laink`
D;k feyk rqedks Hyk nsdj eq>s bruh tyu`
tks vHkokX ls Hjk thou tykS tk jgh
D;kssa cuk nh Vtnxh esjh ngdrh eQ/jk`
Sd ty dh {h< /kjk Hh ugC ftleX cgh
¬oîu rks brus fnS] ftudh iwju dh ckr D;k
ckr Hh ftuds ngu dh Fh dHh o' dh ugC
D;k feyk eq>dks cuk fuQik; fuAlaca/ fuiI`
Sd Hh foæokl esjk th u ik;k nks ?\Lh]
Sd iy Hh jkgh u thou ds dfOu iF ij feyk
n1f‘I ftldh OksdjkX ls rj7crj eq> ij i\Lh
D;k feyk rqedks le; dh jsr ij tks jg x;h]
yk' esjh fpj7misf{r lk/uk dh v/7?\Lh`
D;k foGyrk gh gqB lkdkj esjs tüe eX`
ø;FZrk gh ø;FZrk esjh lewph laink`
D;k feyk rqedks` D;k feyk eq>dks` vukfJr nhu ;kX eq>dks cuk2
;g tks lHh ds eu eX ;g Hko mOrk g, fd ijek®ek dks D;k feyk] tks geX Ss
lk nqA[h cuk fn;k` D;kX bruk nhu` fdruk vlgk;2 D;kssa Sslh va/sjh jkr ge
kjs pkjkX rjG i,nk dj nh` ;g vekol gekjs izk<kX eX D;kX j[ nh` D;k feyk
`~ ~ ~ ysfdu ¬ej< jgs] ;g f'dk;r Hzkar g,4 ;g vekol rqégkjh i,nk dh gqB
g,4 ijek®ek us rks tyrk lwjt rqégkjs Hhrj j[k g,4 ;g vekol rqeus c\Lh
esgur ls bdØh dh g,6 tüekX7tüekX dh lk/uk bleX yxh g,4
tüekX7tüekX eX xyr dks] xyr dks djrs7djrs thrs7thrs rqe va/sjs dks fdlh r
jg i,nk dj ikS gks4 va/sjs dks i,nk djuk rqégkjh c\Lh lGyrk g,4
blfyS larkX us dgk g, A rqe ftl fnu vlGy gkss tkvksxs] mlh fnu nqA[ ds ck
gj gksvksxs4 rqégX tc rd lGyrk fey jgh g, rc rd nqA[ jgsxk6 D;kXfd gj
lGyrk rqégkjs vgadkj dks vk,j etcwr dj tkrh g,4 Fks\Lk vk,j /u vk x;k]
vgadkj vk,j vd\L x;k4 Fks\Ls vk,j c\Ls in ij igqap xS] vgadkj vk,j vd\L x
;k4 Fks\Lk vk,j ;' fey x;k] vgadkj vk,j vd\L x;k4 rqégkjh gj lGyrk rqé
gkjh foGyrk g,4
rqe gkjks2 rqe iw<Z Wi ls gkjks rks nqA[ lekîr gks tkS4 D;kXfd rqégkjh gkj eX
gh vgadkj fxj ldrk g,4 gkj eX gh vgadkj fol√tr gks ldrk g,4 rqégkjh th
r eX rks rqe d,ls vgadkj dkss fol√tr djkssxs` thrrs vkneh dks rks /eZ eX jl
ugC gksrk4 thrrs vkneh dks ijek®ek eX jl ugC gksrk4 thrrs vkneh dks izkFZ
uk eX jl ugC gksrk4 thrrs vkneh dks ÷;ku dh rjG dksB Qfp i,nk ugC gksrh4

vtgw psr xaokj
thr jgk g,2 gka] tc gkjus yxrk g,] i,j Lxexkus yxrs gT] tc ek,r djhc v
kus yxrh g, vk,j yxrk g, vc x;k rc x;k] rc lksprk g, gkjk gqvk vkneh4
gkj rqégkjk lk,Hk≈; g,4 ftrus t¥nh gkj tkvks] mruk rqégkjk lk,Hk≈;4 D;kXfd
gkj ls Sd u;h ;k_k 'qW gksrh g,4
gkj dk vFZ g, A esjs fdS dqN Hh ugC gks jgk4 Fd dj fxj tkrs gT4 ftl {<
rqe Fd dj fxjrs gks] mlh {< rqe pfdr gks tkrs gks] pkTd dj vokd jg
tkrs gks4 D;kXfd rqégkjs fdS tks gks jgk Fk] ;k ugC gks jgk Fk] og nqA[ gh F
k4 gkj dj fxjrs gh rqe ikrs gks ije vkuan g,4 gkj eX c\Lk xgjk foJke g,4
gkjs dks gfjuke2 t,ls gh vkneh gkjk fd gfjuke i,nk gksrk g,4 ;g mfDr c\Lh
viwoZ g, A gkjs dks gfjuke 2 fdl gkj dh ckr g,` vgadkj ds gkj dh ckr g,4
;g vgadkj g,] tks ckgj vk,j Hhrj dks vyx dj jgk g,4 Fks\Lh nsj dks lkspks4
Fks\Lh nsj dks foe"Z djks4 Fks\Lh nsj dks 'kar c,Odj lkspks eT ugC] fGj dk,u ck
gj dk,u Hhrj2 fGj d,ls foHktu djksxs` fGj rqe dgka gks] tks foHktu djs`
fGj rks ?j fxj x;k] [aLgj gks x;k4 fGj rks vkdk' ckgj7Hhrj dk fey x
;k4 fGj rks Sslk le>ks fd ?\Lk Fk feÈh dk] GwI x;k] rks ty ckgj Fk] ty
Hhrj Fk3Sd gks x;k4
bl Sdrk dks ykus ds nks mik; gTa6 ;k rks ?\Ls dks ckgj ls rks\Lks ;k ?\Ls dks Hh
rj ls rks\Lks4 nks gh mik; gks ldrs gT4 ;k rks ckgj ls pksI djks ?\Ls ij4 vxj
cfgeqZ[h gks rks ckgj ls pkssI djks4 vxj vareqZ[h gks rks Hhrj ls pksI djks4
dgC ls Hh pksI djks] ?\Lk IwIuk pkfgS4 ?\Lk cukus dh tks dyk g,] ogh ?\Lk
rks\Lus dh Hh dyk g,4
rqeus dHh dqégkj dks ns[k ?\Ls dks cukrs` pkd ij ?\Ls dks p\Pk nsrk g,] fGj
D;k djrk g,` Sd gkF dks Hhrj j[rk g, ?\Ls ds] Sd gkF dks ckgj j[rk g,
?\Ls ds4 bu nks gkFkX dh pksI ls ?\Ls dks cukrk g,4 Hhrj ds gkF ls laHkyrk
g,] ckgj ds gkF ls Fidkjrk g,3Ssls ?\Ls dh nhoky mOrh g,4 tks ?\Ls dks cukus
dh izf∂;k g,] ogh ?\Ls dks rks\Lus dh Hh izf∂;k g,4 ;k rks ckgj ls rks\Lks ;k H
hrj ls rks\Lks4
tks yksx Hhrj dh ckr ugC le> ikrs] os ckgj ijek®ek dks ns[X3bu o1{kX eX]
pkan7rkjkX eX] vkdk' eX] cknykX eX2 bruk laqnj txr. pkjkX rjG G,yk g,2 bl
ls Fks\Lh eqykdkr djks4 blls Fks\Ls laca/ cukvks4 blds lax Fks\Ls cgks] ukpks] xqu
xqukvks4 tc i{h xkrs gkX] rqe Hh xkvks4 vk,j tc o1{ gokvkX eX ukpus yxX rks
rqe Hh ukpks4 vk,j tc unh meax ls Hjh lkxj dh rjG tkrh gks] rc rqe
Hh Fks\Ls cgks4 bl ckgj ds ijek®ek ls Fks\Lk lax7lkF djks4 ;gka ls Hh ?\Lk IwI
tkSxk4 ftl fnu lax7lkF gkss tkSxk~ ~ ~ dHh7dHh vk tkSxh ?\Lh vpkud
rqe ikvksxs A ns[rs7ns[rs] lwjt dks mxrs] dqN rqégkjs Hhrj Hh mx x;k4 ns[rs
7ns[rs /kjk dks cgrs] dqN rqégkjs Hhrj ls cg x;k] ns[rs7ns[rs vkdk' eX 'qHz

vtgw psr xaokj
ckny dks fc[sjrs] dqN rqégkjs Hhrj fc[j x;k4 {<Hj dks >yd feysxh6 d
kT/ tkSxh jks'uh] fctyh dkT/sxh4 {<Hj dks yxsxk A dksB lhek ugC g,3lc v
lhe g,6 fojkI g,] foHq g,6 u eT gwa] u rw g,4 ¬okn vkSxk4 Sd cwan ve1r dh I
idh4 jk¬rk cuk4 fGj c\Ls ?waI vkrs gh gT4 fGj t¥nh gh o"kZ Hh gksxh4
vxj ckgj v\Lpu ekywe i\Lrh g, rks dqN mnkl gksus dh tWjr ugC g,3Hhrj4
f¬_;kX ds fyS] ftuds ikl ¬_,< fpR g,] muds fyS] ftuds ikl fuf‘∂; psru
k g,] muds fyS vka[ can dj Hhrj gh [kstuk mfpr g,4 ftuds ikl iqQ" fpR
g,] vk∂ked] tks ckgj dks fot; djus fudys gT] mügX ckgj gh [kstuk mfpr
g,4
ifæpe ds rhukX /eZ3;gwnh] Blkb;r] b¬yke3rhukX cfgeqZ[h gT4 iwjc ds rhu c\
Ls /eZ 3Vgnw] ck,0] t,u3rhukX vareqZ[h gT4 ifæpe cfgeqZ[h g,4 blfyS rkss ifæ
pe us foKku dk bruk fodkl fd;k4 brus lqanj edku cukS] brus ;a_ cukS]
bruh lq[7laink i,nk dh4 ckgj dk [wc fodkl fd;k4 iwjc us ckgj dks rks nf
j– Nks\L fn;k] ckgj eX rks dqN fodkl gqvk ugC6 ysfdu Hhrj c\Ls Gwy f[ys4
vc os Gwy Ssls gT fd ckgj ls rks fn[k;h Hh ugC i\Lrs4 vxj dksB lk, eafty
Mapk edku [\Lk dj nsrk g, rks nqfu;k dks fn[kB i\Lsxk4
geus cq0 [\Ls fdS gT6 ns[us okys dks gh fn[k;h i\Lsxk] nqfu;k dks fn[k;h ugC
i\L ldrk4 tks cq0 ds varjre eX izos' dj ldXxs] mudks fn[k;h i\Lsxk 4 ;g
Hh f'[j g,3vkdk' dks Nwusokyk f'[j g,4 exj ;g vkarfjd g,4 ;g †;ksfreZ
; g,4 ;g lw”e g,6 ¬Fwy ugC g,4 bls ckgj ls IIksydj ugC ns[k tk ldrk4 tks
ckgj ls ns[Xxs] mügX rkss lk, eafty dk edku fn[k;h i\Lsxk4 cq0 rks nfj–7fH[
kjh ekywe i\LXxs4 tks Hhrj ls ns[XxX] os ikSaxs fd lk, eafty ds edku ds Hhrj
tks jg jgs gT] lc nfj– gT3lk, eafty ds edku eX jgks fd nks lk, eafty ds ed
ku eX jgks4 og rqégkjs nks lk, eafty dk edku flok; dcwrjkX ds NksIs7NksIs Lcj
kX ds vk,j dqN Hh ugC g,4 jgusokyk vkneh nfj– g,4 mls cq0 eX fn[k;h i\Lsxh
viwoZ laink4
iwjc vareqZ[h g,6 ¬_,< g,4 ifæpe cfgeqZ[h g,6 ik,Q"s; g,4 exj iwjc eX Hh iqQ"
gT4 vk,j ifæpe eX Hh f¬_;ka gT4 vk,j iwjc eX Hh os yksx gT tks nk,\Ldj ikuk p
kgrs gT4 vk,j ifæpe eX Hh os yksx gT tks c,Odj ikuk pkgrs gT4
thll dk opu g,A 8[kstks3vk,j feysxk4 [I[Ikvks3vk,j }kj [qyXxs49
ykvks®lq dk opu g, A 8[kstk3[ks tkSxk4 ekaxk3fGj u feysxk4 Qdks] Ogj tk
vks4 c,O tkvks4 vka[ can dj yks4 foJke eX Lwc tkvks4 ftlus ugC [kstk] mls f
eyk4 tks [ks x;k] mls feyk49
;g vareqZ[rk dh ckr g,4 dqN djus ls ugC feysxk3vdeZ eX mrj tkus ls feys
xk4 'wü; Hko eX c,O tkus ls feysxk4

vtgw psr xaokj
eT nksukX gh ckrX dgrk gwa] D;kXfd nksukX gh rjg ds yksx ;gka gT4 rqe pqu yks4 if
j<ke Sd g,4 varrA flf0 Sd g,4 ;s nks }kj gT ijek®ek ds4 tgka ls ek,t gks]
ogka ls izos' dj tkvks4 vk,j Sd ls izos' fdS rks nwljk vius7vki gks tkusoky
k g,4 D;kXfd ftl Hou eX izos' djkssxs] og ogh g,4 d,ls rqe vkS3nk,\Ldj vkS
fd Qddj vkS6 iqQ" dh rjg vkS fd ¬_h dh rjg vkS6 izkFZuk djrs vkS f
d ÷;ku djrs vkS6 vka[ [ksydj vkS fd vka[ can djds vkS3blls dqN GdZ
ugC i\Lrk4
vk xS] rc ¬okn Sd g,4 vk,j Sd l/ tkS rks nwljs dks rqe ikvksxs vuk;kl
l/ jgk g,4 Hhrj ds Nan eX Lwc tkvks] rks rqe g,jku gks tkvksxs] pe®Îr gks
tkvksxs fd t,ls rqe Hhrj ds Nan ls thus yxs] ckgj dh ifjf¬Ffr;ka mlds vuq
dwy gksus yxC4 ;g lkjk txr. rqégX lkF nsus dks r®ij g,4
ns[ks] rqe tc nqA[h gksuk pkgrs gks] rc Hh ;g lkF nsrk g,4 dgrs gT u] rqe
tc nqA[ pkgrs gks rks lc rjG rqégX dkaIs fn[k;h i\Lus yxrs gT vk,j rqe tc
lq[ pkgrs gks vk,j lq[h gksuk pkgrs gks] rc lc rjG Gwy f[y tkrs gT4 rqégk
jh n1f‘I cnyrh g, vk,j ;g lkjk txr. Wikarfjr gks tkrk g,4
ftl vkneh dks nqA[ [kstuk g,] og nqA[ [kst ysxk4 [wc volj gT nqA[ [kst
ysus ds4 og gj lq[ ds volj eX ls Hh nqA[ dks fupks\L ysxk4 vk,j ftls lq[ [
kstuk g,] og Hh~ ~ ~ [wc volj gT mls Hh~ ~ ~ og gj volj eX ls lq[ fupks\
L ysxk3nqA[ eX ls Hh lq[ fupks\L ysxk4 mudh n1f‘I;ka vyx gksrh gT4 igys rj
g dk vkneh tkdj [\Lk gksrk g, xqykc dh >k\Lh ds ikl] dkaIs fxurk g,6 mls
nqA[ [kstuk g,4 dkaIs Hh gT4 nwljk vkneh tkrk g, xqykc dh >k\Lh ds ikl] Gwy
fxurk g,6 Gwy Hh gT4 xqykc dh >k\Lh eX lc g,4 ijek®ek ckgj Hhrj nksukX r
jg g,4 rqe mls ftl jax eX ns[uk pkgksxs] rqe mls ftl Pax eX ns[uk pkgksxs]
mlh Pax eX fn[kB i\L tkSxk4 vxj rqe nqA[ dh rjg gh txr. dks ysuk pkgrs
gks] rks [wc nqA[ ikvksxs4 vk,j fGj rqe jksvksxs] fp¥ykvksxs4 rqe fGj dgksxsA
D;k feyk rq>dks cuk eq>dks vukfJr nhu ;kX
pkIrs vjeku viuk gh ygw jgrs lnk]
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eT rqels dqN ;g Hh ugC dgrk fd dksB ca/h gqB vk,ipkfjd izkFZuk djks3fd V
gnqvkX dh] fd eqlyekukX dh] fd Blkb;kX dh dksB izkFZuk nksgjkvks4 tks izkFZukSa
daO¬F djds nksgjkB tkrh gT] mudk dksB ew¥; gh ugC g,4 D;kXfd os Ôn; ls
vkrh gh ugC] daO ls vkrh gT4 tks izkFZukSa 'çnkX eX vIdh gT] mudk dksB ew¥;
ugC g,4 fuA'çn7Hko dh tWjr g,4 ;a_or. nksgjkvks er4 o,ls rks dh u dh cj
kcj gks x;h4 Hko ls mexus nks4
dHh ek,u gh c,O tkvks4 dqN izkFZuk dgus dh gh ckr ugC g, fd dqN dguk gh
g,4 dgus dks D;k g,4 dHh fl©Z mlds lkeus ek,u ls c,O tkvks4 vk,j lkeus dk
eryc ugC fd dHh dkck dh rjG eqag djksxs] rc lkeuk4 tgka Hh eqag fdS
gks] mlh ds lkeus gks4 cl dHh c,O tkvks4 n,uafnr mi–okX dks Fks\Lh nsj dks Nks\
Ldj c,O tkvks4 Fks\Lh nsj vka[ can dj yks4 Fks\Lh nsj gk√nd cuks4 Fks\Lh nsj go
k ds >kXdkX eX >wyks4 vkalw cgus yxX] cgus nks4 pqîih jgs] Ohd4 ;k fd dksB xhr
GwI i\Ls] rks xhr GwIus nks4 tWjh ugC fd dksB egkdfo dk fy[k gqvk gks] rqég
kjk viuk gh xhr GwIus nks4 mlh dks rks eT dgrk gwa ¬oπNan4 pyks rqrykgI gh
jgsxh rqégkjh dfork eX dksB cgqr c\Lk dkø; ugC gksxk4 ysfdu rqrykrs7rqryk
rs gh izkFZuk te tkrh g,4
ns[rs gT ;g iyIw fuxqZ< cfu;k2 ;g cspkjk rjktw gh rk,yrs7rk,yrs] Ssls viwoZ o
pu dg x;k4 dgrk g, A 8eT rks jke dk eksnh2 eT rks jke dk cfu;k gwa49 exj
xgjh irs dh ckrX dg x;k4 dgrs7dgrs dgrs7dgrs ckr te x;h4 lHh cπps

vtgw psr xaokj
rqrykus ls gh 'qW djrs gT4 lHh izkFZukSa rqrykgI ls 'qW gksrh gT4 ijek®ek
ds lkeus ge NksIs cπps gT4
rqe c\Lh dq'yrk er fn[kvks4 rqe dqN c\Ls fo's"K gksdj izkFZuk djus er c,O
tkvks4 rqryk rks ldrs gks4 ijek®ek ;kuh rqégkjh eka4 mlds lkeus fxj Hh x
S] ?qIus Hh py fyS] rks gtZ rks ugC4 /wy7/wlfjr] u≈u Hh mlds lkeus [\Ls
gqS rks dqN gtZ ugC4 rqe t,ls gks] o,ls gks] Sslk mls irk gh g,4 fNikus dh dksB
ckr Hh ugC g,4 cslqjk lqj fudys] fudyus nks4 rqe mlh ds gks] og rqégkjs ¬o
j dks Hh ¬ohdkj djsxk4 mlds lkeus dqN cukoI Hh rks ugC djuh g,4 dksB lk
t7Ja1xkj Hh rks ugC djuk4 W[k7lw[k tks Hh fuosnu gks] dj nks4 bleX cgqr †
;knk xf<r] Kku tqIkus dh tWjr ugC g,4
rqe iwNrs gks A 8eT izkFZuk ugC dj ikrk gwa] t,ls dksB jksd ysrk g,49
rqe gh jksd ysrs gksvkssxs4 rqe Sslh izkFZuk djuk pkgrs gks t,lh ehjka us dh` rq
e Sslh izkFZuk djuk pkgrs gks t,lh iyIw us dh` 'qW ls rks dksB Hh Sslh izkFZu
k ugC dj ldrk4 NksIk cπpk tks vHh >wys eX i\Lk g,] rqe t,lk ugC py ldr
k4 pyrs pyrs pysxk4 dB ckj fxjsxk4 rqégkjk naH izkFZuk eX Hh lekfo‘I gks
tkrk g, fd dqN Maph pht] dksB Mapk ¬oj fudys4 rqe ijek®ek ds lkeus Hh
izn'Zu djus dh bπNk j[s gks4 ogka rks Nks\Lks4 ogka rks ukId u djks4 ogka rks l
gt ljy t,ls gks~ ~ ~4 rqrykgI rks rqrykgI4 y\L[\Lkuk rks y\L[\Lkuk4 ?qIuks
ds cy ljduk rks ?qIuks ds cy ljduk4 mlds lkeus rks vius dks fc¥dqy vl
gk; Nks\L nks6 D;kXfd rqe tc vlgk; gksrs gks] rHh mlh dk lgkjk feyrk g,]
mlds igys ugC feyrk4 rqe tc fc¥dqy vlgk; gksrs gks] rHh mldk lgkjk f
eyrk g,4 t,ls gh mls yxk fd rqe [qn gh vius i,j ij [\Ls gks] rqe [qn gh v
ius naH eX v\Ls gks mldk lgkjk gI tkrk g,4 tWjr gh ugC rqégX4 flGZ tWjr
dk fuosnu g,4
vk,j ;g fuosnu Hh Hk"k eX izdI djus dh tWjr ugC] D;kXfd Hxoku rqégkjh
Hk"k ugC le>rk6 flGZ Sd gh Hk"k le>rk g,] og Hko dh Hk"k g,4
rqeus ;g ckr [;ky dh` nqfu;k ds fdlh dksus eX dksB gks] tc izse fdlh ds
Ôn; eX mexrk g, rks vka[kX eX Sd gh >yd vkrh g,2 fGj og pkgs Vgnh cksys
] pkgs phuh cksys] pkgs teZu cksys4 izse dh Sd gh Hk"k g,4 tc dksB 'kar gks
tkrk g, rks mlds psgjs ij Sd gh rjg dh †;ksfr izdI gksrh g,4 og bdgkIZ g
ks fd dchj gks] fd ykvks®lq gks] fd eksgéen gks3blls dqN GdZ ugC i\Lrk4
vkneh ls vkneh tc cksyrk g, rks gekjs ikl cgqr Hk"kSa gT] gtkjkX Hk"kSa gT4
ijek®ek ls tc vkneh cksyrk g,] rks bu Hk"kvkX eX ls dksB Hk"k dke ugC
vkrh4 u rks la¬Îr mldh Hk"k g, vk,j u vjch vk,j u ysfIu vk,j u xzhd4 N
ks\Lks ;g cdokl fd la¬Îr nso7Hk"k g,4 dksB Hk"k nso7Hk"k ugC g,4 ek,u nso7H
k"k g,4 rqe tc ek,u eX gks] rc mlls tq\Lrs gks4

vtgw psr xaokj
rks izkFZuk rks ek,u gks ldrh g,4 dqN dgus dh ckr ugC g,4 ysfdu vkneh Sslk
csBeku g, vk,j vkneh Sslk yksHh g, izn'Zu dk] fd t,ls vnkyr eX Hh tkrk g,
rks odhy dks j[rk g, fd esjh rjG ls cksyks] D;kXfd eT bruk fu‘<kr ugC cks
yus eX] ;g dkuwu dh Hk"k eq>s vkrh ugC] rks rqe esjh rjG ls cksyks3 rks o
dhy ls cqyokrk g,6 eafnj eX tkrk g, rks iqtkjh ls cqyokrk g,4 ?j Hh yksx iaf
Lr dks cqyk ysrs gT fd rqe esjh rjG ls izkFZuk dj nks] D;kXfd rqe fo's"K] rq
e 'q0 la¬Îr eX djksxs6 eq>s la¬Îr vkrh ugC4 vk,j ijek®ek t,ls la¬Îr gh t
kurk g,2 ~ ~ ~8rks rqe dj nks49 rks rqeus nyky j[ fyS gT3fcpobS] e÷;¬F4
de ls de ijek®ek vk,j vius chp rks fdlh dks er ykvks4 ogka rks mOus nks
rqégkjs Ôn; dh iqdkj4
dksB vk,j ugC jksd jgk g,6 rqe gh jksd ysrs gks4 'k;n rqégX thou eX fl[k;k
x;k gks] D;kXfd izæu fdlh iqQ" us iwNk g,4 'k;n rqégX fl[k;k x;k gks fd jksuk
iqQ" ds ;ks≈; ugC4 lkjh nqfu;k eX ;g ukle>h fl[k;h x;h g,4 f¬_;ka jksSa]
{ek dj nks] f¬_;ka gT4 iqQ" dks jksuk ugC lksgrk4 iqQ" rks enZ g,4 enZ cπps dks
jksuk ugC lksgrk4 vka[ eX vkalw vk tkSa] ;g ckr terh ugC iqQ" dks4
rks 'k;n rqégkjs vkalw lw[ xS gT v˙;kl ls6 rqeus mudks jksd fy;k g,] neu d
j fy;k g,4 ysfdu eT rqels Sd ckr dg nwa A izÎfr us iqQ" dh vka[kX eX mruh
gh vkalw dh xzafF;ka cuk;h gT ftruh ¬_h dh vka[kX eX4 mleX \tjk Hh GdZ ugC
g,4 rqe tkdj vka[ ds fo's"K ls iwN ysuk4 vkalw dh mruh gh xzafF;ka iqQ"kX d
h vka[kX eX gT] ftruh ¬_h dh vka[kX eX4 blfyS izÎfr us nksukX ds fyS jksus dk
mik; cjkcj j[k g,4
izkFZuk dk eryc gksrk g, A Fks\Ls xhys gksvks4 W[s7W[s] lw[s7lw[s] ÷;ku rks gks t
kS] izkFZuk ugC gks ldrh4 izkFZuk eX Fks\Lh vk–Zrk pkfgS4 Fks\Lk ty cjlkvks4
vkalw rqégkjs Ôn; dk ty g,4 blls vka[ gh ugC /qyrh] blls Ôn; dk d¥e"
Hh /qy tkrk g,4 vk,j tks rqe vk,j fdlh rjg ugC dg ldrs] og vkalqvkX ls
dg nsrs gks4 rqe \tjk jksvks vk,j rqe c\Ls gyds gks tkvkssxs4
eukso,Kkfud dgrs gT A f¬_;ka de ikxy gksrh gT] D;kXfd jks ysrh gT4 f¬_;ka de
vk®e?kr djrh gT] D;kXfd jks ysrh gT4 nksxqus iqQ" vk®eg®;k djrs gT4 vk,j nks
xqus iqQ" ikxy gksrs gT4 vk,j rqeus ns[k] iqQ" de thrs gT] f¬_;ka †;knk thrh
gT6 ikap lky †;knk thrh gT4 iqQ" vxj lRj lky eX ejrs gT rks f¬_;ka ipg
Rj7v¬lh rd thrh gT4 †;knk thrh gT4 f¬_;kX eX chekjh dks lgus dh {erk H
h †;knk gksrh g,6 jksx ds ckcr c\Lh izfrjks/d 'fDr gksrh g,3jsfl¬IXl gksrk g,6
iqQ" eX ugC gksrk g,4
iqQ" ukgd gh vd\Lk fGjrk g, fd eT cy'kyh gwa4 o,KkfudkX ls iwNks4 o,Kkfud
dgrs gT A ¬_h †;knk cy'kyh g,4 og cy 8ely9 dk ugC g,] ;g ckr lp g,4
ysfdu og cy †;knk xgjk g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
rqe \tjk lkspks fd iqQ" gks rqe] Sdk/ cπps dks Hh tüe nsrs rks dHh ds [re
gks xS gksrs4 uk, eghus Sd cπps dks \tjk vius isI eX ysdj pyus dh rks lkspks
2 fGj uk, eghus ckn ml cπps dks ikyus dh \tjk lkspks2 ;k rks rqe viuh vk®
eg®;k dj ysrs ;k cπps dh xjnu nck nsrs4 rqe lg u ikrs4 ¬_h dh lfg‘<qrk
c\Lh izxk\P g,4
vk,j eukso,Kkfud dgrs gT A lkjh lfg‘<qrk ds ihNs tks lc ls c\Ls jkt dh ckr
g,] og ;g g, fd ¬_h HkokX dks nckrh ugC] izdI dj nsrh g,4 tc ukjkt gksr
h g, rks ukjkt gks ysrh g,4 vk,j tc izlU gksrh g, rks izlU gks ysrh g,4 ljy g,
4 ¬_h eX Fks\Lk7lk cπpkX t,lk Hko dk;e jgrk g,4 blfyS f¬_;kX ds psgjs ij
Fks\Ls ckyiu dh >yd cuh jgrh g,4 ¬_h ds psgjs ij Fks\Lk7lk funk∆" Hko dk;
e jgrk g,4 ogh mldk lkTn;Z g,4 exj ml lkTn;Z dk Hhrjh jkt izlk/u ds lk
/ukX eX ugC g,4 ml lkTn;Z dk Hhrjh jkt HkokX ds cgko eX g,4
iqQ" cgqr t\L gks x;k g,4 u dHh rqe fny [ksydj galrs gks] D;kXfd dgC vf'
‘Irk u gks tkS2 u rqe dHh fny [ksydj jksrs gks] D;kXfd ;g rks rqégkjs enZ
gksus ds foijhr gks x;k4 u rqe Ohd ls ukjkt gks ldrs gks] D;kXfd ;g Hh rqég
kjs vgadkj ds foijhr tkrk g, fd rqe t,lk l†tu vk,j Kkuh ukjkt gks3fd rq
e ph[ks7fp¥ykvks] fd i,j iIdks4 ;g Hh rqe ls ugC gks ldrk4 rqe bu lkjs
HkokX dks bdØk djrs tkrs gks4 vk,j tks Hko izdI ugC gksrs] os ?ko cu tkrs gT
4 muls gh uklwj i,nk gksrs gT4 bl ckr dh iwjh7iwjh laHkouk g,6 o,Kkfud bl la
nsg dks /hjs7/hjs djus yxs gT fd dTlj dk dkj< HkokX dk neu g,4 blfyS dT
lj dk 'kjhfjd bykt ugC gks ikrk4 D;kXfd mldk tüe dgC eu dh xgjkb;kX
eX gks jgk g,4
rqe dgrs gks A 8eT izkFZuk ugC dj ikrk gwa49 bldk eryc bruk gh gqvk fd rq
e Hko7izo< ugC gks ikrs gks4 dksB vk,j ugC jksd jgk g,3rqégkjs gh la¬dkj jksd
jgs gT4 rqégX vc rd tüe ls ysdj tks fl[k;k x;k g,] ogh rqégX voQ0 dj
jgk g,4 Nks\Lks ;g lc4 ;s la¬dkj gIkvks4 'qW7'qW eX v\Lpu vkSxh4 /hjs7/hjs ca
/u [qy tkSaxs4
izkFZuk eX mrj ldks rks o,lk gh vuqHo gksrk g, ~ ~ ~t,lk izse eX eu ds ry ij
gksrk g,] o,lk gh izkFZuk eX vk®ek ds ry ij gksrk g,4
izÎfr us lCpk iqQ" dks fGj lqjfH7/u ls]
'j< v'j< dks feyh ru eqDr ca/u ls2
;s iafDr;ka rks izse ds fyS fy[h x;h gT4 ysfdu ;s iafDr;ka izkFZuk ds fyS Hh m
ruh gh lp gT] flGZ ry cny tkSxk4

vtgw psr xaokj
izÎfr us lCpk iqQ" dks fGj lqjfH /u ls]
'j< v'j< dks feyh ru7eqDr ca/u ls2
fnx7fnxarkX eX fn[s fGj ba–/uq"h jax]
ey;7xa/k js<q m\Lrh fGj iou ds lax6
†;ks®¬uk p√pr fu'k dh Vdfd<h ctrh]
jfrJkark nsg7izfrek rks\Lrh vax7vax
gse f'[jk o√rdk ds fdj<okgh d<]
dj jgs gT fGj jl7îykfor ¬usg7o"Z< ls4
ru eqDr ca/u ls~ ~ ~ 22
iz<;eq[jk lty ok<h fGj yxh daius]
¬oîu7pkfyr iyd7ikIy fGj yxs >aius
Hqou tsrk enu7eknu dj jgk ijo']
la;ksfxrk æokl7lfj eX fGj frjs lius6
laiqfIr 'çnkFZ t,ls ifjferk ckgX]
cka/rh vkdk' vfHeaf_r leiZ< ls2
ru eqDr ca/u ls~ ~ ~ 22
t,ls izse eX ru eqDr gks tkrk g, ca/u ls~ ~ ~
rqeus vxj vius izseh dks viuh ckagkX eX ys fy;k] rqe vxj vius izseh dh ckagkX
eX fxj i\Ls] rks d,lk vuqHo gksrk g,` t,ls lkjs ca/u 'jhj ds [qy xS2 t,ls
lkjh xkaOX vpkud [qyh x;C2 t,ls lc xkaOX f'fFy gks x;C2 viuh izs;lh ;k v

vtgw psr xaokj
ius izseh ds vkVyxu eX c0 gksdj rqégX d,lk yxrk g,` t,ls 'jhj gydk gks x
;k] cks> ls eqDr gks x;k4
Ohd Sslh gh ?Iuk izkFZuk eX ?Irh g,3vk,j xgjs ry ij4 izkFZuk ;kuh ijek®ek
dh ckagkX eX vius dks fxjk nsuk4 izkFZuk ;kuh ijek®ek dks vkVyxu dj ysuk4
izkFZuk ;kuh vn1æ; izseh ds lkF Fks\Lh nsj ds fyS Sdk®erk eX ca/ tkuk4
;g viwoZ vuqHo g,4 vk,j ru gh f'fFy ugC gksrk] eu gh f'fFy ugC gksrk]
izkFZuk eX vk®ek Hh 'wü; gks tkrh g,] 'kar gks tkrh g,4 rqe gksrs gh ugC izkFZuk
eX4 bl viwoZ vuqHo ls oafpr er j[ks vius dks4 vius '_q er cuks4 'qW d
jks4 bl txr. eX tks loZJs‘O g,] tkuus ;ks≈; g,] og izkFZuk g,4 fdruk gh /u b
dØk dj yks] fu/Zu jgksxs6 vxj izkFZuk dk d< Hh fey x;k rks /uh gks xS4
fdruk gh bl txr. eX rqégkjk uke gks tkS] rqe [kyh vk,j dksjs ds dksjs jgksxs
6 rqégkjs Hhrj dh fdrkc ij dqN Hh ugC mrjsxk4 vk,j izkFZuk dh Fks\Lh7lh y\
L[\Lkrh iafDr;ka rqégkjs Hhrj dh fdrkc ij mrj vkSa] osn dk tüe gks x;k6
rqégkjs Hhrj mOus yxC dqjku dh lqanj vk;rX4
vk,j eTus ns[k fd xaokj ls xaokj] vKkuh ls vKkuh Hh tc izkFZuk eX Lwc dj]
jl7îykfor gksrk g,] rks mlds Hhrj ls Ssls viwoZ 'çn mOrs gT fd c\Ls ls c\Ls
dfo Hh >XiX4 Sslk gh rks gqvk dchj eX4 Sslk gh gqvk iyIw eX4 ;s dksB c\Ls dfo
rks u Fs4 bügkXus dkø; dk dHh dksB v˙;kl u fd;k Fk4 bügX dkø; dh ek_k]
Nan dk dqN irk u Fk4 ysfdu tc Hhrj dk Nan [qyk] tc Hhrj ¬oπNan gqS
] tc lkjs ca/u fxjs] tc og ije vkVyxu gqvk3rks cg mOh 4 lfjrk cgh4
Sslk gh rks gqvk ehjka dks4 u1®; dk dksB v˙;kl u Fk6 ysfdu tc mrjk ijek®
ek izkFZuk ds {< eX] rks ukp Hh mlds lkF mrj vk;k4
vius dks ukgd oafpr er j[ks] vk,j dksB vk,j ugC jksd jgk g,4 bl /ks[s dks
Hh [\Lk er djks fd dksB vk,j rqégX jksd jgk g,4 D;kXfd dksB vk,j jksd jgk g,]
;g cgkuk g,4 rqe gh jksd jgs gks4 ;g rqégkjs gh vHh rd ds la¬dkj jksd jgs
gT4
vk,j ;gka esjs ikl jgdj Hh vxj rqe vius la¬dkjkX dks u fxjk ldks rks dgka f
xjkvksxs` ;gka rks lkjs la¬dkjkX dks tyk nsus dh vk;kstuk g,4 ;gka rks la¬dkj7eq
Dr gks tkus dh ps‘Ik py jgh g,4 mlh dks eT laü;klh dgrk gwa] tks la¬dkjkX ls
eqDr g,6 tks ljyrk ls thrk g,4 ø;o¬Fk ls ugC4 vuq'klu ls ugC thrk4 varj7
izsj<k ls thrk g,4 ftlds Mij ls dksB fu;e ugC g,] dksB e;kZnk ugC g,4 ftl
dh lkjh e;kZnk vk,j lkjs fu;e mlds varj7cks/ ls gh fudyrs gT4
eq>ls laü;klh dgrs gT fd vki geX dqN fu;e nX] thou dh ø;o¬Fk nX6 ge d,ls
mOX] d,ls c,OX6 D;k [kSa] D;k ihSa3vki geX lc ø;o¬Fk ls le>k nX4 mudk iw
Nuk ¬okHkfod g, D;kXfd lfn;kX ls Sslk gh fd;k x;k g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
ck,0 fH{qvkX ds fyS rTrhl gtkj fu;e gT4 mudks ;kn gh j[uk eqfædy g,4 c\
Ls7c\Ls 'k¬_ Hjs i\Ls gT3fu;e ij fu;e] fu;e ij fu;e4 vk,j ¬oHkorA tc S
d fu;e cukvks rks mlds ihNs nl cukus i\Lrs gT] D;kXfd fGj ml fu;e eX fn
[rs gT fd nl fN– jg xS6 t,lk fd dkuwu curk g,4 dkuwu c\Prs pys tkrs gT
jkst3blfyS c\Prs pys tkrs gT fd Sd dkuwu cuk;k6 fGj fn[rk g, fd bl d
kuwu ls cpus ds fyS yksxkX us rjdhc fudky yh4 rks ml rjdhc dks jksdus ds
fyS vk,j nl dkuwu cukvks4 vk,j gj dkuwu nl vk,j dkuwu ykrk g,4 /hjs7/hjs
dkuwukX dk tax [\Lk gks tkrk g,4 fGj mleX lkekü; vkneh rks izos' gh ugC d
j ldrk4 fo's"K Hh [ks tkrs gT4 {q–7lh ckrkX dks fGj bruk c\Pkok fey tkr
k g,4
rqeus ns[k] dHh fdlh odhy dk i_ ns[k` le> eX gh ugC vkrk fd og D;k
dg jgk g,4 dksB NksIh7eksIh ckr dgus ds fyS Hh og bruh rjdhcX yxkrk g,
] bruk xksy7xksy tkrk g,6 D;kXfd mls lkjs ds lkjs fu;e ds fglkc ls pyuk i\
Lrk g,4
rTrhl gtkj fu;e3laü;klh ds fyS2 ;g rks x1g¬F ls Hh cqjh n'k gks tkSxh4
;g rks pk,chl ?aIs fu;e dh gh ;kn j[sxk4 bldks GlZr gh vk,j dgka jgsxh] iz
kFZuk dh] fd ÷;ku dh`
ugC] eT vius laü;klh dks dksB fu;e ugC ns jgk gwa4 eT dgrk gaw A rqégkjh lgt
rk ls tks fudys] rqégkjh ljyrk ls tks fudys] ogh Ohd g, rqégkjs fyS4 vk,j]
vxj Ohd u gksxk rks nqA[ ikvksxs4 nqA[ ls tkx tkuk4 vk,j Sslk djuk] ftlls
nqA[ u gks4 dlk,fI ns jgk gwwa6 fu;e ugC ns jgk gwa4 ftlls nqA[ feys er djuk6
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ns jgk gwa rqégX4
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4 D;kXfd ge ogh nsrs gT tks gekjs ikl g,4
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W djks4 vk,j vkt gh ifjiw<Zrk dh vis{k er j[ks4 mlds dkj< gh ck/k i\L

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;k de lkglh yksx Fs` ;k lkgl vk,j lkgl eX Hh GdZ g,`
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yS ck¥;k Hhy ok¥ehfd gks x;k4 blfyS vaxqfyeky g®;kjk Sd{< eX czk‰<
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us Sd gtkj yksxkX dh g®;k djus dk fu<Z; fd;k Fk rks mlus uk, lk, fuü;kucs
yksx ekj Lkys4 vdsyk vkneh] lkjk ns' Fj7Fj dkairk Fk2 ftl igk\L ij j
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j jgk Fk2 flGZ fu<Z; fy;k Fk mlus fd Sd gtkj vknfe;kX dks ekj dj mu
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udh vaxqfy;kX dh ekyk igu j[h Fh4 ukjkt Fk lekt ls vk,j mldk cnyk ys
jgk Fk4
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cpk rks mldh eka us Hh tkuk can dj fn;k4 yksxkX us iwNk rks mldh eka us dg
k fd vc [rjk g,6 vc og fc¥dqy nhokuk gqvk tk jgk g,4 og Sd vkneh dh
ryk' djrk g,4 fiNyh ckj mlus eq> ls Hh dg fn;k g, fd vc rw lksp7le
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eq>s Sd gtkj dh la“;k iwjh djuh g,4
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xqfyeky g,4 og ekj Lkyksxk4 og ;g Hh fG∂ ugC djsxk fd vki ije Kkuh
gT4 og larkX dh Hh Vprk ugC djrk4 mlus dB Gdhj igys ekj Lkys gT4 ;gka
ls dqN eqfu fudyrs Fs] mlus g®;k dj nh4 rks og vkidks Hh Nks\Lsxk ugC4 og
;g ugC lksps fd ;s xk,re cq0 gT] Hxoku gT4 og dqN ugC lkspsxk6 og rks ek
j gh Lkysxk4
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ysfdu vc rks d,ls tkMa2 mldks esjh tWjr g,4 vk,j og vkneh fgéeroj g,4
mlds thou eX dqN gks ldrk g,4 mls eq>ls Ljuk pkfgS ;k eT mlls LWa`
;g ckr c\Lh viwoZ cq0 us dgh fd mls eq> ls Ljuk pkfgS ;k eT mlls LWa`
og eq>s ekjsxk] eT Hh mls ekj ldrk gwa4 vk,j esjk ekjuk †;knk xgjk g,4 og
esjs 'jhj dks dkI ldrk g,6 eT mlds vgadkj dks dkI ldrk gwa4 vk,j og xgjh
g®;k g,4 eT Hh g®;kjk gwa4
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h xS4 tc igk\L ds djhc igqaps rks fc¥dqy vdsys gh Fs4 yk,Idj ihNs ns[k A t
ks lnk gks\L yxkS j[rs Fs fd lkF jgXxs] os dksB Hh ugC Fs6 os lc /hjs7/hjs x
kao eX ljd xS Fs4 mügkXus dgk] ;g [rjk dk,u ekssy ys2
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dj dgk fd gs fH{q] rw yk,I tk2 ns[ eT vkneh [rjukd gwa4 ns[rk g, esjk Gj
lk] eT /kj j[ jgk gwa 4 eq>s Sd vkneh dh tWjr g,] eT rq>s ekj Lkywaxk4 rw
yk,I tk4 Sd dne vkxs er c\P4
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yxus yxk4 mls Lj ;g yxk fd ;g vkneh Sslk g, fd dgC esjk Gjlk dkIus
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A ;g yk,I tkS] >a>I Iys6 dgC Sslk u gks fd esjk tks g®;kjs dk xoZ g,] og
[afLr gks tkS2 eTus fdlh vkneh dh Vprk ugC dh4 eTus vkneh Ssls dkI fnS]
t,ls vkneh ?kl dkIrk g,4 eq>s vknfe;kX eX nks dk,\Lh dk ew¥; ugC ekywe i\Lr
k4

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tleX vkneh dk tüe gqvk Fk4 bldh vkHk] bldk yko≤;] bldk izlkn2
og Ljus yxk4 mldh vka[X vk–Z gksus yxC4 Sslk vkneh mlus ns[k ugC Fk4 og
tks dgrk g, fd rw pyk tk ] yk,I tk3og blfyS ugC dg jgk g, fd mls cq
0 dks cpkuk g,6 og blfyS dg jgk g, fd mls [qn dks cpkuk g,4 blfyS bl
vkneh ds lkeus dqN x\Lc\L gks ldrh g,4 bl vkneh ls og dai jgk g,4
nks lkglh vkneh lkeus gT4 Sd lkglh cq0 vk,j Sd lkglh vaxqfyeky4 exj
vaxqfyeky eX Sd v\Lpu g, fd ogka vgadkj g,6 mruh [ksI g,4 cq0 eX og [ksI
ugC g,4 cq0 [kfyl lksuk g,6 [ksI fc¥dqy ugC g,4 vaxqfyeky3 8eksjkjth xks¥
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g,4 og vgadkj Hh feyk g,4 vkneh rks lkglh g,6 lezkI.kX dks daik fn;k g,6 lk
jk txr. dai jgk g,4
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dgk A ugC] lqurk gwa4 ysfdu eT rq> ls Sd ckr dguk pkgrk gwa fd eTus rks
pyuk cgqr le; gqvk can dj fn;k] eT vc pyrk gh ugC4 eT rks Qdk gh gqvk
gwa4 py rks rw jgk g,4
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gqvk dgrs gks2 rqe py jgs gks2 rqe py jgs gks vk,j pyrs gqS dks dgrs gks
eTus pyuk Nks\L fn;k2
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ls esjs pyus u pyus ls D;k GdZ i\Lrk g,2 Hhrj lc c,O x;k g,4 Hhrj dksB
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kr rks Ohd gh dgrk g,4
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jh lkgl dh ckr g,` tks\Lus dh ckr g, vlyh4 rw Hh D;k cpdkus dke eX yx
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] rks tks\Lus dh dyk lh[uh Fh4 vc rw eq>s ekj Lky4
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dgk A eT igys gh ls Lj jgk Fk4 rqégX uhps ns[k] rc ls gh eT Lj jgk Fk4 ;s
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rk g,4 bleX D;k [wch g,2 vk,j eT ;gh djrk jgk] eTus lkjk thou rks\Lus eX fc
rk fn;k4 ysfdu eq>ls fdlh us dgk Hh ugC fd esjh 'fDr tks\Lus eX dke vk
ldrh g,6 esjh 'fDr l1tuk®ed cu ldrh g,4 rqe eq>s laHkyks4
og muds pj<kX eX fxj i\Lk4 tkurs gT] cq0 us tc mls vius pj<kX ls mOk;k
rkss D;k dgk` dgk A czk‰< mO2 'çn tks mi;ksx fd;k] og czk‰<4 vaxqfyeky
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cq0 us dgk A vc rw g®;kjk ugC jgk4 og ckr xB] og liuk IwI x;k] og nqA
[7¬oîu gks x;k4 rw czk‰< g,4
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xqfyeky fH{q gks x;k g,4 lezkI. Vcfclkj cq0 dks feyus vk;k4 mls Hjkslk ugC
vk;k bl ckr ij4 og viuh vka[ ls ns[uk pkgrk Fk4 vaxqfyeky Wikarfjr
gks tkSxk] ;g vkf[jh laHkouk g,4 ;g ckr >wO g,4 'k;n fH{qvkX us izpkj ds
fyS m\Lk j[h g, fd gekjs Hxoku us vaxqfyeky dks Wikarfjr dj fy;k4 rks V
cfclkj feyus vk;k g,4 cq0 ds lkeus c,Odj mlus dgk fd eTus lquk g, Hars fd
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l ij eq>s Hjkslk ugC vkrk4 eT vkils gh iwNus vk;k gwa6 vkids eqag ls gh lquu
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pe®dkj g,4
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uü;kucs vkneh flGZ blfyS ekjs fd mudh vaxqyh dh ekyk cukuh g,4
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dks ugC ekjk4 og rks x;k4 og nqA[7¬oîu x;k4 ;g c\Lk fu‘dyq" ø;fDr g,4 b
l t,ls ifo_ ø;fDr cgqr de gT4
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dk lkgl ugC g,4 ftudks rqe l†tu dgrs gks] os vdlj uiqald yksx gT] ftueX
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fd vnkyr ls Ljrk g,] fd Gal u tkS4 vxj bldks iDdk Hjkslk fnyk nks f
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dk H; gks6 ;k Hxoku ukjkt u gks tkS2 exj H; gh blds vk/kj eX g,4 H;
ds dkj< tks l†tu g,] mldh l†turk cgqr xgjh ugC g,3Mij Mij g,6 fNy
ds dh rjg g,6 mlds gknZ eX] mldh vk®ek eX ugC g,4
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ds iap] eqf[;k] es;j b®;kfn] ftudks léekfur yksx dgk tkrk g,3ine Hw"<]
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cqjkB ugC fn[kB i\Lrh3buds thou eX bruh vklkuh ls ∂kafr ugC gksrh4 bu
ds thou eX ∂kafr djusokyk ek,fyd rÂo ugC g,4 buds ikl vgadkj rks [wc g,
vk,j lkgl fc¥dqy ugC4
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cgqr vklkuh ls4 ftruk lkgl gks] mruh gh vklkuh ls rks\Lk tk ldrk g,4 o
gh lkgl vgadkj ds foijhr y\Lk;k tk ldrk g, vk,j vgadkj IwI tkSxk4 ysfd
u ftuds thou eX vgadkj rks [wc gks vk,j lkgl fc¥dqy u gks] mudks cnyuk
cgqr dfOu g,4 D;kXfd muds ikl lkgl u gksus ls vgadkj dks rks\Lus ds mik; u
gC gT] ø;o¬Fk ugC g,6 vgadkj dh vf≈u ugC g,6 lkgl dh vf≈u ugC g, fd vga
dkj dks tyk ns4 jk[ g, lkgl ds uke ij4
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tks vkneh >wO ugC cksyrk] pkgs dqN Hh nkao ij yx tkS] mlds fyS Hh lk
gl pkfgS4 vkneh >wO lkgl dh deh ls gh cksyrk g,4 lksprk g, Gal tkMaxk]
rks >wO cksy nwa4 lkglh vkneh >wO ugC cksyrk4
GdZ le> ysuk4 Sd rks l†tu g,] tks H; ds dkj< l†tu g,4 vk,j Sd lar g,
] tks lkgl ds dkj< lar g,4 og dgrk g, A 8pkgs ujd tkuk i\Ls] ysfdu >wO
ugC cksywaxk] pkgs dqN Hh ifj<ke gks tkS >wO ugC cksyawxk] pksjh ugC dWaxk49
H; ds dkj< ugC dj jgk g,4 vxj myIh Hh gkyr vk tkS~ ~ ~ le> yks fd
ijek®ek dk fnekx [jkc gks tkS vk,j og fu;e cny ns~ ~ ~ rks dgrs gTa u
fd og loZ'fDreku g,] fu;e cny ns3 fd vc tks7tks pksjh djXxs os ¬oxZ tkSa
xs vk,j tks7tks vpk,;Z7ozr dk ikyu djXxs] os ujd tkSaxs3rks ;g tks l†tu gT]
;g pksjh djsxk4 bls ¬oxZ tkuk g,] ujd ls cpuk g,4 vk,j og tks lar g,] og
pksjh ugC djsxk vk,j ujd tkus dh r®ijrk j[sxk4 og dgsxk fd Ohd g,4 uj
d vk,j ¬oxZ dk dksB ew¥; ugC g,4 ifj<ke dk dksB ew¥; ugC g,4 ifj<ke H;
Hhr vkneh ds fyS ew¥;oku ekywe gksrk g,4 lkglh ø;fDr dks Î®; dk ew¥; g,
] Gy dk ugC4
blfyS Î‘< us vtqZu dks dgk g, A lkjh Gykdka{k Nks\Ldj~~~D;kXfd Gy dh vk
dka{k gh H;Hhr vkneh dks gksrh g,4 lkglh ø;fDr rks Î®; djrk g, tks Î®;
lkeus vk tkS] mls lexzrk ls dj ysrk g,4 fGj ifj<ke tks gks4 mls vπNk
vπNk yxrk g, rks vπNk djrk g,4 vk,j mls cqjk vπNk yxrk g, rks cqjk djrk
g,3ifj<ke dqN Hh gks4
rks ftldks ge ikih dgrs gT] og Hh ifj<ke dh fG∂ ugC djrk g,6 vk,j ftl
dks ge lar dgrs gT] og Hh ifj<ke dh fG∂ ugC djrk4 nksukX lkglh gksrs gT6
GdZ Fks\Lk7lk g,4 ikih dk vgadkj [ksI dh rjg ek,twn g,4 lar dh [ksI Hh p
yh x;h g,6 lar [kfyl lksuk g,4 ysfdu ikih Hh lksuk g,] ek,dk vk tkS rks Wi
karj< gks ldrk g,4
os tks chp eX [\Ls gT] ftueX lkgl g, gh ugC] ftueX jh\P g, gh ugC6 tkss fc¥dq
y gh fu‘izk< th jgs gT6 tks flGZ Ljs7Ljs th jgs gT6 cl gok eX dairs gqS iRs
dh rjg pk,chl ?aIs dai jgs gT38;g u gks tkS] ;g u gks tkS] gj pht ls H
;Hhr gT6 ftudk thou H; dh Sd yach dFk g,6 cqjkB ugC djrs rks] H; ds
dkj<6 vk,j vxj HykB djrs gT] rks Hh H; ds dkj< 6 ftudk lkjk vk/kjHw
r thou H; g,3Ssls ø;fDr ds thou eX /eZ dh ∂kafr ugC gks ikrh49
Sslk gh le>ks] oh<k g, A vxj ctkuk vk tkS rks ije laxhr i,nk gksrk g,6 c
tkuk u vkS rks c\Ls cslqjs jkx oh<k ls fudyrs gT4 lkgl dks Ohd ls thuk vk

vtgw psr xaokj
tkS rks lar i,nk gksrk g,4 lkgl dks Ohd ls thuk u vkS] rks ikih i,nk gks tk
rk g,4 exj oh<k ogh g,4
ftldks dgrs gT ukykS cjge lkt eX og lnk Hh ghsrh g,4
ftldks ∂q0 vkrZukn dgrs gT~ ~ ~
ftldks dgrs gT ukykS cjge lkt eX og lnk Hh gksrh g,4
og Hh fNih g, oh<k eX4
lkgl eX v/eZ Hh fNik g,] /eZ Hh fNik g,6 nksukX fNis gT4 nksukX igyw gT nks4 ;
g rqe ij fuHZj gksxk fd lkgl dk rqe d,ls mi;ksx dj ikvksxs4
fldanj eX lkgl g, fufæpr] ysfdu mruk ugC ftruk Lk;kstuht eX g,4 fldanj
eX lkgl g, fufæpr6 lkjh nqfu;k dks thrus pyk g,4 Lk;kstuht eX Hh lkgl g,
4 nksukX le7lkef;d Fs4 blfyS nksukX dk m¥ys[ dj ysuk Ohd gksxk4 nksukX lkg
lh gT4 fldanj dk lkgl g,A nwljkX dks thrus pyk g,4 Lk;kstuht dk lkgl g, A
vius dks thrus pyk g,4 lc Nks\L fn;k Lk;kstuht us] D;kXfd mls yxk fd ftr
uk lkeku gks] mruk ca/u gksrk g,6 ftruk lkeku gks mruh Vprk gksrh g,4 ftr
uk lkeku gks] mruh gh fG∂ j[uh i\Lrh g, A 8pksjh u pyk tkS6 dgC dksB
Nhu u ys6 dgC [ks u tkS49
rks mlus lc Nks\L fn;k] o¬_ Hh Nks\L fnS] u≈u gks x;k6 flGZ Sd ik_ j[rk
Fk gkF eX3og Hh ikuh ihus ds fyS4 Sd fnu î;klk unh dh rjG tk jgk Fk
3ikuh Hjus ik_ eX4 mlds lkF gh lkF Hkxrk gqvk Sd dqRk x;k6 mlls igys
unh eX igqap dj mlus t¥nh ls ikuh ih fy;k4 mls c\Lh g,jkuh gqB4 mlus dqRs
dks ue¬dkj fd;k4 mlus dgk A 8rwus [wc ikO fn;k2 fcuk gh ik_ ds2 ik_ Hh
ugC rsjs ikl2 rw gels Hh vkxs x;k29 mlus ik_ dks ogC unh eX cgk fn;k4 m
lus dgk A tc dqRk fcuk ik_ ds th ysrk g, rks eT rks vkneh gwa] eT fcuk gh i
k_ ds~ ~ ~ vc ;g Sd ik_ Hh D;kX fyS fGjrk gwa` bldh Hh fG∂ yxh jgrh
g,6 jkr lks tkvks rks [;ky j[uk i\Lrk g,] Sd7nks nGk IIksydj ns[uk i\Lrk
g, fd dksB ys rks ugC x;k4
fH[eaxk vkneh g, Lk;kstuht] u≈u jgrk g,6 dqN vk,j rks ikl ugC g,4 ik_ Hh
cgk fn;k4 Sd rjG fldanj g,6 lkjh nqfu;k dks thrus pyk g,4 Sd rjG Lk
;kstuht g,6 ik_ Fk] og Hh cgk fn;k] lc [ks fn;k4 nksukX ds fyS lkgl pkfg
S4
vk,j rqe pfdr gksvksxs tkudj fd fldanj rd Hh [cjX igqapus yxh FC Lk;kst
uht dh4 tc fldanj Hkjr vkrk Fk rks Lk;kstuht dks feyus x;k4 pe®Îr
Fk4 fldanj dks Hh yxrk Fk fd vkneh rks xtc dk g,4 gksuk rks eq>s Hh Sslk
pkfgS fd D;k j[k g, nqfu;k eX] thrdj Hh dWaxk D;k` thr7thrdj Hh fe
ysxk D;k` bruk rks thr fy;k] blls dqN feyk ugC6 iwjh nqfu;k Hh thr ywaxk
rks D;k feysxk` vkneh vxj gks rks Lk;kstuht t,lk gks4

vtgw psr xaokj
Ssls eu eX mlds Hh Hko rks mOrs gh jgs gkXxs4 rHh rks feyus x;k6 ugC rks f
eyus Hh D;kX tkrk` tc feyus x;k] Lk;kstuht unh ds rI ij ysIk Fk4 lqcg
dh lwjt dh fdj<kX eX] lw;Z7¬uku ys jgk Fk3u≈u4 fldanj us ns[h mldh e¬r
h4 cgqr yksx ns[s Fs4 fldanj ds ikl lqanjre yksx Fs] 'wjohj Fs] lsukifr Fs]
l,fud Fs6 exj Sslh nsg vk,j Sslh e¬rh] Sslh dapu t,lh dk;k3mlus ugC ns[h
Fh2 t,ls dHh fdlh gfj< ds ikl gksrh g,] Sslh dk;k Fh2 u≈u2 vk,j Lk;kstu
ht ysIk Fk e¬r t,ls nqfu;k eX dksB fG∂ gh ugC6 t,ls nqfu;k eX dksB Vprk gks
rh ugC2 psgjs ij Sd f'du ugC4
fldanj Fks\Lh nsj [\Lk jgk vk,j mlus dgk fd esjs eu eX rqels B‘;kZ gksrh g,4
esjs eu eX rqe B‘;kZ txkrs gks4 bruh 'kafr] brus izlU] brus vkuafnr3vk,j ik
l rqégkjs dqN Hh ugC2 vk,j esjs ikl lc g, vk,j eT c\Lk v'kar gwa4 vxj nqckjk
eq>s txr. eX vkus dk ek,dk feyk rks Hxoku ls eT dgaw] eq>s Lk;kstuht cukvks
] fldanj ugC4
Sd lkglh vkneh nwljs vkneh ds egk lkgl dks ns[ jgk g,] le> jgk g,4 Lk
;kstuht galus yxk4 mlus dgk fd nqckjk tüe gksxk fd ugC gksxk] Hxoku g, ;
k ugC3fdldks irk2 fGj rqégX ;kn jg tkS dgus dh ogka rd] Hwy rks u tkv
ks` vπNk rks ;g gks fd blh Vtnxh eX Lk;kstuht D;kX ugC gks tkrs` vHh D;kX
ugC gks tkrs` dk,u rqégX jksdrk g,4 ns[rs gks] ;g unh fdukjk [kyh i\Lk g,]
;gka dkGh txg g,] eT dqN lkjh txg jksds ugC gwa6 cl ;g NA GqI tehu jksds
gwa] iwjk ?kI i\Lk g,] rqe Hh ysI tkvks] ©Xd nks di\Ls] t,ls eT e¬r gaw] rqe Hh
gks tkvks4 vHh D;kX ugC gks tkrs` vkxs lksprs gks fd nqckjk tc tüe feysxk~ ~
~4 dk,u tkus nqckjk gksrk tüe fd ugC2 fGj] ijek®ek g, ;k ugC` fGj] rqe
tc nqckjk tüe ysus tkvkss rks ;kn jgsxh` ;g ckr ;kn jg tkSxh` bl >a>I
eX u i\Lks4 ;g ?kI dkGh c\Lk g,3ge nks ds fyS i;kZîr g,6 vk,j Hh nks gtkj
vk tkSa] mlds fyS Hh i;kZîr g,4 rqe vHh gh D;kX ugC gks tkrs`
;g Sd nwljs fd¬e ds lkgl us pquk,rh nh4 Lk;kstuht us pquk,rh nh4 fldanj Fks\
Lk 'jek;k gksxk] >Xik gksxk4 mlus dgk fd dgrs rks Ohd gks4 rqégkjs rdZ dk
tokc rks ugC4 exj vHh ;g u dj ldwaxk4 vHh rks nqfu;k thrus fudyk gwa
vk,j vk/k gh dke gqvk g,4 tc rd ;g dke iwjk u gks tkS4
Lk;kstuht fGj galk4 mlus dgk A ;g dke dHh iwjk ugC gksxk] D;kXfd nqfu;k
eX dHh dksB dke iwjk ugC gksrk g,4 ;g v/wjk jgsxk vk,j rqe ejksxs4 vk,j ;kn
j[uk ejrs oDr esjh ckr4
;gka dksB dke dHh iwjk gksrk g,` vk,j ;gh gqvk4 tc fldanj ejk rks iwjh nqfu
;k ugC thr ik;k Fk4 vk,j ejrs oDr mlds eu eX vxj dksB ;kn Fh rks og
thrs gqS lkezk†;kX dh ugC] ¬o<Z7egykX dh ugC] jk†;7VlgklukX dh ugC] i®uh7
cπpkX dh ugC] fe_7'_qvkX dh ugC3Lk;kstuht dh ;kn Fh4 og uaxk Gdhj Oh

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d dgrk Fk fd ;gka lc v/wjk jg tkrk Fk4 ftruk c\Lk dke gks mruk gh v
/wjk jg tkrk g,4
fldanj us dgk fd /ü;okn rqeus tks dgk ml ckr dk eT tokc ugC ns ldrk4
vk,j ;g Hh ckr Ohd gh ekywe i\Lrh g, fd dke iwjs ugC gksrs6 ysfdu vHh
rks py i\Lk gwa] rks vHh rks u vk ldwaxk4 bruk vxj rqégkjs fyS dqN dj ldwa
rks eq>s dgks4 eT tWj [q'h ls djuk pkgwaxk4 eT dqN djuk pkgrk gwa rqégkjs f
yS4 eT rqels izHkfor gwa4 eq>s viuk HDr fxuks4
Lk;kstuht us dgk A rks bruk gh djks fd \tjk /wi Nks\Ldj [\Ls gks tkvks6 D;kXf
d rqe tc ls vkS gks esjs 'jhj ij Nk;k i\L jgh g,4 ukgd rqeus esjh /wi Nh
u yh4 vk,j rks D;k dj ldrs gks` vk,j rks lc g,4 vk,j rks dksB v\Lpu ugC6
lc iwjk g,4
Sd lkgl g,3Lk;kstuht t,lk] egkohj t,lk4 Sd lkgl g, fldanj t,lk] fgIy
j t,lk4 ysfdu fldanj Lk;kstuht cu ldrk g,4 vkdka{k rks g, mlds Hhrj6 o
g dgrk g, vxys tüe eX4 vHh fgéer ugC g,] ysfdu vxys tüe eX4 izHkfor
rks g,4
ikih lar lar cu ldrk g,4 ysfdu l†tu6 l†tu rks ikih Hh ugC cu ldrs]
lar cuus dh c\Lh nwj dh ckr g,4 l†tu gksus ls lko/ku jguk4 cuuk gks rks la
r4 l†tu er cu tkuk4 l†tu ;kuh >wOk flDdk4 fn[rs l†tu vk,j Hhrj c\
Lk nqtZu Hjk gqvk g,4 Mij7Mij lqanj] Hhrj7Hhrj cgqr dqWi4 nks Pax dk th
ou4 nksgjh Hk"k4 ik[aL4
lkgl Sdek_ ew¥; g, vk,j lkgl Sdek_ MtkZ g, A vgadkj7'wü; gks tkS rks i
jek®ek ls feyk nsrh g,6 vgadkj7iw<Z gks tkS rks vry xrZ eX fxjk nsrh g,4
vkt bruk gh4
t,ls uYh Sd g,] cgqrsjs gT ?kI44
cgqrsjs gT ?kI] Hsn HDru eX ukuk4
tks tsfg laxr ijk] rkfg ds gkF fcdkuk44
pkgs t,lh dj, HfDr] lc ukeVg dsjh4
tkdh t,lh cw>] ekjx lks r,lh gsjh44
Gsj [k; bd xS] Sd Ok, xS flrkch4

vtgw psr xaokj
vkf[j igqaps jkg] fnuk nl HB [jkch44

iyIw Sd, Isd uk] tsfrd Hsl r, ckI4
t,ls uYh Sd g,] cgqrsjs gT ?kI 44¡ª44
ysgq ijksflfu >kXi\Lk] fur mfO ck\Pr jkj44

fur mfO ck\Pr jkj] dkfgdks ljcfj dht,4
rftS Sslk lax] nsl pfy nwlj yht,44
thou g, fnu pkj] dkgs dks dht, jkslk4
rftS lc tatky] uke d, djk, Hjkslk44
Hh[ ekax cQ [k;] [IiIh uhd u ykx,4
Hjh xk,u xq< rt,] rgka ls lka>, Hkx,44
iyIw Sslu cqf> ds] Lkfj fngk flj Hkj4
ysgq ijksflfu >kXi\Lk] fur mO ck\Pr jkj44™º44
ty i"ku dks Nksf\Ld,] iwtk, vkrenso44

iwtk, vkrenso] [k; vk, cksy, HkB4
Nkrh n,d, ikao iFj dh eqjr cukB44
rkfg /ks; vügok; fotu y, Hksx yxkB4
lkπNkr Hxoku }kj ls Hw[k tkB44

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dkg fyS c,jkx] >wO d, cka/, ckuk4

Hko7HfDr dks eje dksb g, fcjy, tkuk44
iyIw nksm dj tksfjd, xqQ laru dks lso4
ty i"ku dks Nksf\Ld, iwtk, vkrenso44™¡44
osn dgrs gTA l®; Sd g,6 ysfdu mldh vfHø;fDr;ka vusd4 izHq rks Sd g,6 ysf
du mls izdI djus ds fyS cuk;h x;h ew√r;ka vusd4
bl oDrø; eX cgqr vFZ g,4 l®; Sd g,6 fl0kar vusd4 l®; Sd g,6 'k¬_ vus
d4 l®; Sd g,6 laiznk; vusd4 Sslk D;kX` Sslk d,ls gks tkrk g,`
ftügkXus tkuk] mügkXus Sd dks gh tkuk4 ysfdu tc dgk] rks Hsn gks xS4 D;kXfd
tkurs le; rks eu 'wü; gks tkrk g,6 dgrs le; eu dks fGj okfil ykuk gks
rk g,4 tc tkuk tkrk g, rc rks eu eX dksB rjax ugC gksrh4 blfyS Hsn dk
dksB mik; ugC gksrk4 eu eX rjax gh ugC gksrh4 eu 'wü; vk,j 'kar gksrk g,4
eu gksrk gh ugC4
tkuk rks tkrk g, lekf/ eX6 ysfdu t,ls gh cksys] dgus xS] crkus xS] eu dks
okfil ykuk gksrk g,4 fopkj7rjaxX fGj yk,Irh gT4 eu eX mOrh rjaxkX ds dkj<
oDrø; fHU7fHU gks tkrs gT4 fGj] gj ø;fDr ds eu eX vyx7vyx Pax dh
rjaxX mOrh gT4
gekjh vk®ek rks Sd g,] ysfdu gekjs eu Sd ugC gT4 t,ls gekjh vk®ek rks S
d g,] gekjh nsg Sd ugC g,4 esjs ikl Sd nsg g,] rqégkjs ikl Sd nsg g,] fdlh
ds ikl vk,j Pax dh nsg g,4 bu nsgkX ds dkj< Hsn i\Lsxk4 bu eukX ds dkj< Hs
n i\Lsxk4 tc ehjka ns[sxh izHq dks rks GdZ i\L tkSxk6 tc cq0 ns[Xxs rks GdZ i\
L tkSxk4 cq0 dk Sd ø;fDr®o g,6 ml ø;fDr®o eX t,ls gh l®; izos' gksxk]
ml ø;fDr®o dk Pkapk ys ysxk] ml ø;fDr®o dk Wi7jax ys ysxk4 t,ls ikuh dks
Pkyks eIdh eX rks eIdh dk Wi ys ysrk g,6 Fkyh eX Pkyks rks Fkyh dk Wi ys
ysrk g,6 fxykl eX Hjks rks fxykl dk Wi ys ysrk g,6 G'Z ij fc[sj nks rks G
'Z dk Wi ys ysrk g,4
l®; Sslk gh g,3v®;ar rjy4 mldk viuk dksB vkdkj] viuk dksB Wi] viuk
dksB o<Z ugC g,4 rks ftl ik_ eX fxjrk g,] mlh jax7Wi dk gks tkrk g,4 fxj
us ds Sd {< igys rd Sd gh gksrk g,6 fxjrs gh fHU gks tkrk g,4 vkdk' ls
ty cjlrk g,3unh eX cjlrk g, rks unh cu tkrk g,] cgus yxrk g,6 vk,j r

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y,;k eX fxjrk g, rks ry,;k cu tkrk g,] Qd tkrk g,6 lkxj eX fxjrk g, rks lk
xj gks tkrk g,3tgka fxjrk g, o,lk gks tkrk g,4 xanh dhp\L eX fxjrk g, rks xank
gks tkrk g,4 'q0 ik_ eX fxjrk g, rks 'q0 gks tkrk g,4
l®; rks Sd g,] ysfdu fGj ik_kX ds vuqlkj Hsn i\LXxs4 blfyS osn Ohd dgrs
gT fd ftügkXus tkuk mügkXus rks Sd dks gh tkuk6 ysfdu t,ls gh tkuk] t,ls gh ;
g ckr ;g iz®;fHKk gqB fd eTus tkuk] t,ls gh 8eT9 vk;k o,ls gh Hsn gks x;k4
vk,j fGj tc dgk rks vk,j Hh Hsn gks xS4
ge lHh lqcg mOdj lkxj ds rI ij tkSa] lwjt dks mxrs ns[X] lkxj ds lkTn
;Z dks ns[X] fGj yk,Idj ?j vkSa vk,j ge lHh dks dgk tkS fd oDrø; nks tks
ns[k3rks gekjs oDrø; c\Ls fHU gks tkSaxs4 dksB fp_dkj gksxk rks 'k;n fp_
cukdj crkSxk fd ;g ns[k6 jax G,yk nsxk d,uol ij4 dksB dfo gksxk rks Sd
xhr xquxqukSxk6 dgsxk] ;g ns[k4 GdZ i\Lsxk4 dksB urZd gksxk rks ukpdj dgs
xk fd bl rjg rjaxkX eX jks" Fk] fd bl rjg rkaLo u1®; Fk lkxj eX4 ukpd
j crkSxk4 vk,j bügkXus Sd gh lqcg vk,j Sd gh lkxj dh rjaxX ns[h gT4 ysfd
u bu lc dh vfHø;fDr;ka fHU gks tkSaxh4
vfHø;fDr;ka ø;fDr;kX ij fuHZj gksrh gT4 l®; rks vø;fDr g,4 l®; rks fojkI
g,4 ysfdu tc ø;fDr ds NksIs ls eu eX mrjrh g, Nk;k] izfrVcc curk g,] rks f
HU gks tkrk g,4 fGj tc dgus pyrs gT rks vk,j fHU gks tkrk g,4 vk,j tks d
gk x;k g,] ml ij laiznk; cu xS gT4 blfyS laiznk; cgqr gT4 dksB rhu lk, /
eZ gT nqfu;k eX4 budks /eZ ugC dguk pkfgS6 ;s laiznk; gT4 ;s l®; dh vfHø;f
Dr;kX ij fuHZj /kj<kSa gT4
/eZ rks Sd g,4 mldk dksB uke ugC gks ldrk4 mldk dksB fo's"< ugC gks l
drk4 /eZ dks Vgnw dg ldrs] u eqlyeku dg ldrs] u BlkB dg ldrs] u t,
u dg ldrs gT4 /eZ ij d,ls fo's"< yxkvksxs` /eZ rks fo's"<7'wü; g,4 ysfdu
laiznk; ij fo's"< g,4 VgnqvkX dh vfHø;fDr g,4 mügkXus vius eafnj eX ew√r;ka
j[C6 og Hh Sd vfHø;fDr g,4 ftügkXus ijek®ek dks tkuk vk,j izdI djus pys
] mügkXus ew√r;ka cuk;C4 mügkXus ew√r;kX eX lc rjg ls dksf'' dh] fd dqN ije
k®ek dk lek tkS4 vk,j VgnqvkX us c\Lh î;kjh ew√r;ka cuk;C4 Î‘< dh ew√r3cka
lqjh dks ctkrs gqS] eksj7eqdqI cka/s gqS] lqanj ihr o¬_kX eX3dqN dgk2 dgus dk
eryc Sslk ugC fd ijek®ek Sslk g,4 ;s rks izrhd gT4 bu izrhdkX ls td\L e
r tkuk4 dgk fd ijek®ek ds vksOkX ij ckalqjh g,4 dgk fd ijek®ek dk ø;fDr
®o laxhr ls cuk g,4 bl ckr dks dgus ds fyS ckalqjh j[h Î‘< ds gkFkX eX4 c
kalqjh dks er id\L ysuk4 izrhd dks id\Ldj t\L er gks tkuk4 b'kjk le>ks4
;g dgk fd ijek®ek ije laxhr ls Hjk g,6 fd ijek®ek ukn g,3vukgn ukn
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bl vf¬r®o dk laxOu laxhr ls gqvk g,6 ÷ofu ls gqvk g,6 vkXdkj ls gqvk g,4 b
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k4 lalkj dks Nks\Ldj er Hkxuk6 D;kXfd ftls rqe Nks\Ldj Hkx jgs gks] mleX i
jek®ek fNik Fk4 lalkj eX xgjs >kaduk] vka[ xgjkuk3rks rqe ogC ijek®ek d
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ekukX us dgk A mls fdlh Hh Wi eX j[Xxs rks ladksp gks tkSxk4 og fojkI g,4 f
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eus4 ftldk dksB Wi ugC] dksB jax ugC] o<Z ugC3vfuoZpuh; ds lkeus4 ;g
Hh Sd vfHø;fDr g, vk,j ;g Hh lgh g,4\tjk Hh xyrh ugC g,4
xyrh rks ogka 'qW gksrh g, tgka Vgnw dgrk g, fd eafnj eX ew√r g, rks ef¬tn eX
Hh gksuh pkfgS6 rks gh ef¬tn eafnj g,4 xyrh rks ogka gksrh g, tgka eqlyeku
dgrk g, fd ef¬tn eX ew√r ugC g, rks eafnj eX Hh ugC gksuh pkfgS6 rHh ;g
vlyh eafnj gksxk4 tc eqlyeku ew√r rks\Lus yx tkrk g, ;k Vgnw ef¬tn eX ew
√r j[us yx tkrk g,3rc Hwy gks tkrh g,4 rc rqe izrhdkX dks tWjr ls †;knk
id\L fyS4 nksukX izrhd î;kjs Fs4 vyx7vyx Pax ds yksxkX ds Fs4
lcdks ¬ora_rk g,4 lcdks vius Pax ls ijek®ek dks iwtus dh ¬ora_rk g,4 lc
dks ijek®ek dks vius Pax ls] vius Ôn; ds vuqdwy cuk ysus dh ¬ora_rk g,4
lcdks ijek®ek dks viuh Hk"k eX iqdkjus dh ¬ora_rk g,4 lkTn;Z dh Hk"k Hh
mls iqdkjrh g,6 fujkdkj dh Hk"k Hh mls iqdkjrh g,4 tks lkTn;Z dk izseh g, og
mls vkdkj eX j[sxk6 D;kXfd vkdkj ds fcuk lkTn;Z ugC curk4 Wi pkfgS] ja
x pkfgS] rks gh lkTn;Z dks id\Lk tk ldrk g,4 fujkdkj eX u rks lkTn;Z jg tk
rk g,] u rks dqWirk jg tkrh g,4 fujkdkj lwuk7lwuk yxrk g,4 ef¬tn lwuh7lwu
h yxrh g,6 eafnj Hjk7Hjk4 ysfdu lwusiu dk Hh lkTn;Z g,4 gksuk rks 'wü; gh g,4

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rks dgC Sslk u gks fd eafnj eX rqeus tks ew√r;ka j[ yh gT] o,ls gh ew√r;ka rqé
gkjs Hhrj Hh Hj tkSa2 rqégkjs eu7eafnj eX Hh ew√r;kX dk okl gks tkS] rks rq
e 'wü; dc gksvksxs` rc rqe fujkdkj ds lkF nks¬rh dc djksxs` fujkdkj ls
dc ca/ksxs`
exj nksukX Pax lgh gT4
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kukX ls Hh vkxs xS gT4 eqlyeku dgrs gTA ijek®ek fujkdkj g,4 ysfdu tc rqe
dgrs gks fujkdkj g,] t,ls gh rqeus dgk 8g,9] lhek gks x;h4 8g,9 dgrs gh lhe
k gks tkrh g,4 8g,9 gh lhek ykrk g,4 blfyS t,u vk,j ck,0 rks ijek®ek g,] Ss
lk Hh ugC dgrs6 os ckr gh ugC mOkrs4 os dgrs gT 8g,9 dgk fd lhek gks tkS
xh4 pqi gh jg tkrs gT4 ;g vk,j Hh fujkdkj dh vfHø;fDr g,4 cksyuk gh ugC
4
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dqN oDrø; rks gks gh x;k u2 bruk rks dg gh fn;k2 dksB dgs fd Bæoj ds la
ca/ eX dqN Hh ugC dgk tk ldrk] rks Hh mlus vius oDrø; dk [aLu dj fn
;k] D;kXfd bruk rks dg fn;k2 ;g Bæoj ds laca/ eX gh dgk u fd dqN Hh u
gC dgk tk ldrk2 vxj ;g ckr lp gh g, fd Bæoj ds laca/ eX dqN Hh ugC
dgk tk ldrk] rks pqi gh jg tkuk Fk4 fGj Bæoj g,] Sslk Hh ugC dguk F
k4 bruk dguk Hh] lhek vk tkrh g,] vkdkj vk tkrk g,4
rks ck,0kX vk,j t,ukX ds ikl ijek®ek dh dksB /kj<k gh ugC g,] D;kXfd /kj<k
ek_ lhfer g,4 ;g Hh Sd jax g,4 ;g Hh Sd Pax g,4 ;g Hh fojkI dh rjG
pyus dk Sd mik; g,4 Ssls vyx7vyx vfHø;fDr;ka gT4
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Sd7nwljs ds fojks/ eX ugC g,4
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eX ftrus ;gka yksx gT4 nks Vgnw Hh dgka fc¥dqy Sd t,ls gksrs gT2 nkss VgnqvkX eX
Hh rks c\Ls Hsn gT4 dksB dkyh dk HDr g,] dksB jke dk HDr g,4 fGj nks jke
ds HDr Hh dgka Sd t,ls gksrs gT2 nks jke ds HDrkX eX Hh GdZ g,4 vxj rqe xk,
j ls [kst7chu djksxs rks rqe ikvksxsA gj vkneh dk viuk laiznk; g,4 gj vkne
h dk ijek®ek dks ns[us dk viuk Pax g,4 gksxk gh4 viuh vka[ g,4 eT viuh vka
[ ls ns[waxk] rqe viuh vka[ ls ns[ksxs4 u eT rqégX viuh vka[ m/kj ns ldrk]
u rqégkjh vka[ eT m/kj ys ldrk4 tks ijek®ek esjh vka[ eX cusxk] og esjh
vka[ ds dkj< cusxk4 rqégkjk ijek®ek rqégkjh vka[ eX cusxk] rqégkjh vka[ ds
dkj< cusxk4

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krh g,4 fGj /ek˜ dh tks NkssIs7NksIs la?"Z gT] d\Loh Sd7nwljs ds izfr Hkon'kSa]
o1fR;ka gT] os lekîr gks tkrh gT4 vk,j tc rd Sslk u gks tkS] rc rd rqe /
k√ed ø;fDr ugC gks4 vxj /k√ed ø;fDr dks ef¬tn vk,j eafnj vk,j xqQ}kjs eX
Sd gh fn[k;h u i\Lus yxs] rks vHh le>uk fd og /k√ed ø;fDr ugC g,4
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tuhfr eX my>k gksxk4 ;s jktuhfr;kX ds uke gT4 Vgnw] eqlyeku] BlkB3;s jkt
uhfr;kX ds uke gT4 ;s c\Lh /ks[s7/\Lh ls Hjh jktuhfr;ka gT4 buds ihNs c\Lk tk
y g,4 buds ihNs ok¬rfod eeZ ugC g,3HfDr dk] Hko dk] izse dk] ÷;ku dk4
vkt ds lw_ egÂoiw<Z gT4
dgrs gT iyIwA
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ls xqtjsxh unh] ogka7ogka ?kI cuXxs4 fGj c\Ls uxjkX ds ikl ls xqtjsxh rks Sd
gh uxj eX dB ?kI cuXxs4 dk'h eX rks ?kI gh ?kI gT u2 vc xaxk dgka ls p
yrh g,3nwj xaxks_h rd ls xaxk lkxj rd gtkjkX ehy dh ;k_k g,2 fdrus ?kI
cukrh pyrh g,2 ;g izrhd le>us t,lk g,4
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us vius vorkjh iqQ"kX dks] 8rhFΩdj9 dgk g,4 rhFΩdj dk vFZ gksrk g, ?kI ds
cukusokys4 tgka unh Fh] dksB ?kI u Fk] mrjuk dfOu Fk6 tgka uko yxkuh
dfOu Fh] D;kXfd ?kI pkfgS6 lhf\P;ka ugC FC] D;kXfd yksx mrjX] unh rd vk
tkSa uko eX c,OX] ikj mrj tkSa3 ftügkXus ?kI cukS unh ikj djus dks] mud
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r bl txr. eX l®; dks miyç/ gksxk rks rhFZ cusxk6 mlds vkl7ikl rhFZ cu
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?kI ls og ø;fDr mrjk g,] ml ?kI ls mlds ihNs vk,j yksx mrjus yxXxs] /hjs
7/hjs lhf\P;ka cuXxh] i®Fj yxXxs] ?kI fu√er gks tkSxk4 vk,j ?kI eX dksB [jk
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gka ?kI2 ?kI i®FjkX ls curk g,4 unh g, ty dk lfjrizokg4 ?kI Qdk jgrk g,
4 ?kI eqnkZ g,4 unh cgrh g,6 unh g, thoar4 ;|fi unh ij ?kI curs gT] ysfdu
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[uk] ?kI ls cgqr eksg er cukuk] D;kXfd ?kI rks Nks\L gh nsuk g,3vxj ml i
kj tkuk g,4
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k i\Lsxk4 ftügX /k√ed gksuk g,] mügX Vgnw /eZ Nks\L gh nsuk i\Lsxk4 D;kXfd Vgnw vk,
j t,u vk,j ck,0 vk,j BlkB] vk,j flD[3 ;s rks ?kI gT4
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ml ikj tkuk g, rks ?kI Nks\Luk gksxk4 ?kI ls ca/h uko dks [ksyuk gksxk4 ?kI
ls tathjkX ls ca/h uko g,4 tc uko dks r,jkuk g,] rks tathj gIk ysuh i\Lsxh6 i
rokj yxkus i\LXxs vk,j ?kI ls nwj gIuk i\Lsxk4 t,ls7t,ls bl ?kI ls nwj gIksxs o,
ls7o,ls ml ikj igqapksxs4
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vk,j ftrus rqe nwj gksrs tkvks mrus rqe /ü;Hkxh gks4 ?kI dk iz;kstu gh ;gh
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uk4 ogC dhyX OkXddj er Qd tkuk4 ogC racw xk\Pdj Ogj er tkuk4 ?kI dks
B Ogjus dh txg ugC g,4 ml ikj tkuk g,4
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jgk gwa fd ?kI ls dqN '_qrk cuk ysuk4 D;kXfd ?kI cspkjs dk D;k dlwj g,6 '
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g,4 rqégX uko rd igqapus eX lkFh cu jgk g,] laxh cu jgk g,4 rks u rks ?kI ls
dqN ca/us dh tWjr g, vk,j u ?kI ls '_qrk dh dksB tWjr g,4]
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fnu ?kIkX ls eqDr gksrs gT rks ?kIkX ds '_q gks tkrs gT4 exj fe_ jgks fd '_q]
nksukX gh gkyr eX rqe ?kI ls ca/s jg tkrs gks4 ?kI ls eqDr gksuk g,4 fe_rk7
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ckr lqudj xS] tkdj dkyh dks mOkdj iksIyh cka/dj dqSa eX GXd vkS4 fG
j jkr Hj lks u lds4 ?c\LkgI Hh yxh fd ;g eTus D;k dj fn;k2 dgC dkyh
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xs vkS vk,j dgk fd vki D;k dgrs gT` eT c\Lh foLacuk eX i\L x;k gwa4 ;g ck
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vc eT c\Lh eqfædy eX i\Lk gwa4 vc fudkywa rks eksg¥ysokykX dks irk py tkSxk
fd blus dkyh dks dqSa eX GXdk4 vc fudky Hh ugC ldrk4 vk,j eq>s ;g Hh

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yxrk g, fd dgC dkyh ukjkt u gks tkS4 o"k˜ dk HDr gwa4 vki D;k dgrs gT
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gka Fh Hyh Fh4 rqe viuk eksg Nks\L ysrs] mruk dkGh Fk4 rqe \tjk tWjr ls
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gk Fk`
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fdlh fnu ckr le> eX vk x;h rks Gk,ju vkx yxk nksxs4 exj nksukX ckrX ew\Pr
kiw<Z gT4 rqe ew\Prk ls dc NwIksxs` xhrk Hyh g,] î;kjh g,4 dqjku Hyk g,] î;kjk
g,4 flj ij Pksus dh dksB tWjr ugC g,4 mi;ksx dj yks4
?kI Hys gT4 ?kI fe_ gT4 muls ikj gks tkvks4 mügX /ü;okn ns nsuk4 tc ikj gks
vks] ue¬dkj dj ysuk4 muls dguk fd rqégkjh c\Lh Îik2
egkohj dh e1®;q ds le; Sslh ?Iuk ?IhA mudk lc ls iz/ku f'‘;] xk,re nwl
js xkao izopu ds fyS x;k Fk vk,j egkohj dk 'jhj NwI x;k4 tc og xkao d
h rjG okfil yk,I jgk Fk rks jkgxhjkX us [cj nhA 8xk,re rw Hh d,lk vHkxk
g,2 vkt ds fnu rw x;k vk,j Hxoku us nsg Nks\L nh2 rks og jksus yxk4 thouH
j Nk;k dh rjg muds lkF pyrk jgk vk,j vkt vkf[jh ?\Lh eX lkF u tks\L
ik;k4 vk,j jksus dk vk,j Hh dkj< Fk4 og Nkrh ihIus yxk4 mlus dgk fd esj
k D;k gksxk` muds jgrs7jgrs Hh eT vHh eqDr ugC gqvk4 esjk d¥e" vHh iwjk
ugC /qyk4 esjk va/sjk vHh jks'u ugC gqvk4 vHh esjh tathjX dk;e FC4 vk,j
muds jgrs7jgrs Hh u gks ik;k rks vc esjk D;k gksxk` muds fcuk esjk D;k gks
xk`
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rks mügkXus dgkA gka] vkf[jh lans' rqégkjs fyS gh Nks\L xS gT4 var eX mügkXus
vka[ [ksyh vk,j dgkA 8xk,re dks ;g 'çn dg nsuk] ;g eT mlds fyS dgs tk
jgk gwa4 vkt xk,re ;gka ugC g,] ;s 'çn mlds fyS Nks\Ls tkrk gwa4 D;k dgk mü
gkXus xk,re iwNus yxk4
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le>s ugC fd eryc D;k` mügkXus bruk gh dgk fd 8xk,re] rwus lc Nks\L fn
;k] vc eq>s D;kX id\Ls g,`9 ;s c\Ls vn.Hqr 'çn gTA 8rwus lc Nks\L fn;k] vc eq
>s D;kX id\Ls g,` eq>s Hh Nks\L vk,j eqDr gks tk49
vk,j dgrs gT] mlh {< xk,re dks Kku gqvk4 mlh {< ;s 'çn lqudj Kku gqvk
4 mls le> eX vk x;h ckr fd mldh >a>I dgka jg x;h Fh4 lc rks Nks\L fn
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rk4 lk/kj< xqQ rks fG∂ djrs gTA 8 dgC pys er tkuk] fdlh vk,j ds ikl e
r igqap tkuk] eq>s Nks\L er nsuk49 lk/kj< xqQ rks lc rjg ls td\Lrs gT4 lk
/kj< xqQ rks ?c\Lk;k jgrk g, fd f'‘; dgC Nks\L u ns4
ln.xqQ iwjh ps‘Ik djrk g, fd igys lc Nks\L nks] fGj varrA eq>s Hh Nks\L nsuk4
Sslk t,lk nh;k tyrk g,] rqeus ns[k` rks igys rks †;ksfr rsy dks tykrh g,6
lkjk rsy pqd tkrk g,4 fGj †;ksfr ckrh dks tykrh g,6 fGj ckrh pqd tkrh g,
4 fGj †;ksfr cq> tkrh g,4 fGj †;ksfr ¬o;a dks tyk ysrh g,4 igys rsy tyk ns
rh g,] fGj ckrh tyk ysrh g,] fGj ¬o;a dks tyk ysrh g,4 fGj ije 'wü; gks
tkrh g,4 Sslk ln.xqQ4 igys lalkj ls Nq\Lkrk g,4 lalkj ls Nq\Lkus ds fyS uS7uS
fl0kar nsrk g,6 ÷;ku nsrk g,6 fopkj nsrk g,4 fGj tc lalkj NwI tkrk g,] rks
bu fl0karkX vk,j fopkjkX dks Nhuus yxrk g,6 fGj fof/7foKku Nhuus yxrk g,4
tc fof/7foKku Hh NwI tkrk g,3 rsy Hh ty x;k] ckrh Hh ty x;h3rks
vkf[jh lans' ogh g, tks egkohj dk] fd vc eq>s Hh Nks\L ns4 vc †;ksfr vius
dks tyk nsrh g, vk,j egk'wü; eX yhu gks tkrh g,4
?kI rks Nks\Lus gh i\LXxs4 ysfdu bldk ;g vFZ ugC g, fd ?kI cqjs gT4 rqégkjs e
u eX ;g loky mOrk g, fd ?kI Nks\Lus i\LXxs rks mueX dqN [jkch g,4 ?kI eX
dksB [jkch ugC6 rqégkjs id\Lus eX [jkch g,4
cq0 dgrs FsA dqN yksx unh ikj fdS4 ew\P Fs4 ;g rks ew\P dgks ;k iafLr dgks3
nksukX dk eryc Sd gh gksrk g,4 cq0 us rks dgk g,A ew\P iafLr Fs] cdoklh Fs]
fooknh Fs] 'k¬_kFZ djus eX c\Ls dq'y Fs4 tc ikapkX us unh ikj dh rks mügkXus
lkspk fd bl uko us ge ij c\Lh Îik dh] vxj ml ikj ge jg tkrs vk,j uk
o u feyh gksrh rks taxyh tkuoj geX [k tkrs4 bl uko dk ge ij c\Lk mid
kj g,4 bl uko dks ge Ssls gh ugC Nks\L ldrs4 rks mügkXus] uko dks flj ij mO
k fy;k vk,j cktkj eX igqaps4 tc yksxkX us ns[k bu vknfe;kX dks] uko dks flj
ij fyS rks Hh\L bdØh gks x;h4 mügkXus iwNk fd HkB ektjk D;k g,] ekeyk D;
k g,` uko eX rks c,Os yksx cgqr ns[s] ysfdu uko yksxkX ij c,Oh igys nGs gksxh4
ckr D;k g,4
;g lekpkj gks x;k gksxk4 lkjk xkao bdØk gks x;k4 cukZLZ 'kŒ us ;gh rks ifjH
k"k dh g, lekpkj dh4 fdlh us iwNk fd lekpkj D;k g,` lekpkj dk D;k vFZ
gksrk g,` rks cukZLZ 'kŒ us dgk fd vxj dqRk vkneh dks dkIs rks ;g dksB le
kpkj ugC6 vkneh dqRs dks dkIs rks ;g lekpkj g,4
rks uko ij rks yksx ns[s Fs cgqr] igyh nGk uko yksxkX ij ns[h3rks lekpkj g
h gks x;k4 lkjk xkao bdØk gks x;k4 yksx iwNus yxsA ckr D;k g,` mu ikap ew\P
iafLrkX us dgkA 8ckr D;k g,2 bl uko dh ge ij c\Lh Îik g,4 /ü;okn7¬oWi

vtgw psr xaokj
vc ge bls lnk vius flj ij j[Xxs4 taxyh tkuoj Fs nwljh rjG] vxj ;g
uko geX u feyrh rks ge [®e gks xS gksrs4 gekjk thou blh ds dkj< cpk
g,4 vc rks thou blh dh lsok eX yxk nXxs49
;g ckr rks c\Lh Maph ekywe i\Lrh g,] exj ew\Prkiw<Z g,4 cq0 vius f'‘;kX dks
dgrs FsA eq>s uko le>ks4 eq> ls ikj gks tkvks4 ysfdu eq>s flj ij Pksus dh d
ksB tWjr ugC g,4
?kI dk vFZ gksrk g,A tks geX unh ls tks\L ns4 lk/kj<rA unh vk,j gekjs chp G
klyk gksrk g,4 gks ldrk g,] dksB igk\L chp eX [\Lk gks] mRqax dxkjX gkX] muls
mrjuk eqfædy gks] unh rd igqapuk eqfædy gks3?kI lqfo/k cuk nsrk g,4 i®Fj
dk iIk gqvk ?kI] lhf\P;ka ø;of¬Fr] rqégX unh rd igqapk nsrk g,4 ysfdu ?kI
unh ugC g,4
laiznk; /eZ rd igqapk nsrs gT4 ysfdu laiznk; /eZ ugC gT4 fGj ftls unh eX ;k_
k djuh g,] ftls /eZ eX tkuk g,] og /hjs7/hjs laiznk; ls eqDr gksus yxrk g,4 v
k,j Hwydj Hh [;ky er djuk fd og nqæeu gks tkrk g,4 vuqxzg rks cuk gh j
grk g,4 ftl ?kI ls mrkjk] mldk vuqxzg rks jgsxk gh4 ml ?kI ds fcuk rks
unh ls fey u ldrs Fs4 exj vuqxzg dk ;g vFZ ugC fd uko dks flj ij Pks
vks4 vk,j vuqxzg dk ;g Hh vFZ ugC fd ml ?kI dks Nkrh ls id\Ldj Qd tk
vks4 tkuk rks ikj g,4
y”; dks er Hwyks4 lk÷; dks er Hwyks4 lk/u dks lk÷; er cuk yks4 /eZ g, lk
÷;] laiznk; ml lk÷; rd igqapkus ds fyS NksIk7lk ekxZ g,4 laiznk; dk vFZ gks
rk g, ekxZ] ixLaLh3 tks izHq ls tks\L nsrh g,4 ysfdu tks tks\Lrh g, ogh rks\L Hh
ldrh g,3vxj rqe mls tksj ls id\L yks4
xqQ igqapkrk g,] xqQ vIdk Hh ldrk g,3vxj rqe xqQ dks tksj ls id\L yks4 Ssl
k gh le>ks fd lh\Ph ij p\Prs gks] p\Prs gks rks Mij igqap tkvksxs6 ysfdu vxj
lh\Ph ij gh c,Odj jg tkvks vk,j dgks fd bl lh\Ph dks eT d,ls Nks\L ldrk gwa
3rks rqe d,ls Mij igqapksxs` p\Ps u p\Ps] cjkcj gks x;k4 ?kI ij gh c,O jgs r
ks ?kI ij igqaps u igqaps cjkcj gks x;k4 ?kI ij igqapus dh lkFZdrk rks rHh
Fh] tc ?kI NwI tkrk] uko NwI tkrh6 ml ikj dh ;k_k ij fudy tkrs4
bleX dB ckrX fNih gT4 Sd 3fd ?kI cgqr gks ldrs gT6 unh Sd g,4 nks3?kI
eqnkZ gT4 viuh txg i\Ls jgrs gT4 unh cgh pyh tkrh g,4 unh lkxj dh rjG
tk jgh g,4 unh fojkI dh rjG tk jgh g,4 unh izfriy fojkI eX Lwcrh tk jg
h g,4 unh x®;k®ed g,4 ?kI i®Fj ds gT6 t\L6 mueX dksB xfr ugC g,4
/eZ eX cgko g,4 /eZ 'kæor izokg g,4 vk,j laiznk; t\L gksrs gT4 Qd tkrs gT4 t
gka ds rgka jg tkrs gT4 egkohj tgka Nks\L xS Fs vius rhFZ dks] og ogC g,4 og
bap Hj ugC ljdk4 vk,j dgC dksB mls ljdk u ns Fks\Lk ;gka7ogka] t,fu;kX us

vtgw psr xaokj
ø;o¬Fk dj j[h g, fd vc dksB iπphloka rhFΩdj ugC gks ldrk4 dksB vk,j ?k
I u cuk ns4 ?kI dk bruk ekssg g, fd iπphloX rhFΩdj dks jksdks6 dgC iπphl
oka rhFΩdj gks tkS rks fGj ?kI dk D;k gksxk2
flD[ nl xqQvkX ij Qd xS] ≈;kjgoX ls Ljs gqS gT fd vxj ≈;kjgoka vk tkS
vk,j dqN gsj7Gsj dj ns~ ~ ~4
BlkB dgrs gT fd thll vdsys gh csIs gT ijek®ek ds6 vk,j dksB ijek®ek dk cs
Ik ugC g,3rkfd dksB lq/kj u dj lds] dksB rjehu u gks lds] dksB la'ks/u
u gks tkS4 ?kI eX dksB GdZ u dj ns] b/j7m/j lhf\P;ka u yxk ns] u;h ø;o¬
Fk u dj ns] ?kI dks c\Lk u dj ns] ;gka ls m[k\Ldj uB txg u ys tkSa3dgs
fd u;h txg †;knk lqfo/k g,] ty Fks\Lk g,] mrjuk †;knk vklku g,6 ;gka rks
uko yxrh g,] ogka rks uko dh Hh tWjr ugC gksxh6 yksx i,ny Hh mrj tk
ldrs gT6 ?qIus7?qIus ikuh g,6 tks r,juk ugC tku ldrs os Hh mrj ldrs gT3dks
B ?kI dks cny u ns2
vk,j dB nGk Sslk gks tkrk g, fd unh rks jk¬rk cny ysrh g, vk,j ?kI viuh
txg i\Ls jg tkrs gT4 ?kI rks jk¬rk ugC cny ldrs gT4 ufn;ka vdlj viuk j
k¬rk cny ysrh gT4 dHh ogka ls unh cgrh Fh] tgka ?kI g,4 vc ogka ls unh u
gC cgrh] rks Hh tks ?kI dks id\Ls c,Os gT] os ogC c,Os gT4 os ;g Hh ugC ns[rs f
d unh dc dh tk pqdh6 unh ;gka g, gh ugC4 tc egkohj us t,u /eZ dk ?kI
cuk;k] rc unh ogka ls cgrh Fh] vc ugC cgrh4 iπphl lk, lky eX unh cgq
r ljd x;h4 tgka Î‘< ?kI cuk xS Fs] unh vc ogka ls ugC cgrh4 unh vc
ogka ls cgrh g, tgka eT rqels dg jgk gwa4 iπphl lk, lky ckn ogka Hh ugC c
gsxh4 D;kXfd unh dk D;k Hjkslk2 unh Wikarfjr gksrh jgrh g,4
;g txr. Wikarj< g,4 ;gka ifjorZu ds flok; vk,j dksB pht f¬Fj ugC g,4 fl
GZ ifjorZu gh ifjorZu ugC gksrk] vk,j lc phtX cny tkrh gT4 ;gka vxj dksB
Sd rÂo 'kæor g,] rks og ifjorZu4 lrr ifjorZu2 ;gka dksB pht Ogjh u
gC jgrh4 lc cgko g,4 tgka thll Nks\L xS Fs unh dks ogka unh ugC g,4
vHh thll Hh yk,I dj vkSa vk,j dgX fd vc eT nwljk ?kI cukrk gwa] rks Blk
B jkth u gkXxs4 os dgXxsA 8;g ge d,ls eku ldrs gT` ge rks tks cu x;k ?kI]
mlh dks iwtXxs49 yksx ?kI dh iwtk eX brus r¥yhu gks tkrs gT fd ihNs yk,Idj
Hh ugC ns[rs fd unh ogka cgrh g, ;k ugC4 lkai fudy tkrk g,] mldh dXpq
yh i\Lh jg x;h] mlh dks yksx iwtrs pys tkrs gT4
b¬yke dgrk g,A 8vkf[jh fdrkc vk x;h dqjku eX] vc blds ckn dksB fdrkc
ugC vkSxh49 D;kX` Lj2 vxj blds ckn dh txg j[ks fd dksB fdrkc vk l
drh g,] rks fGj dksB nkosnkj fdrkc ys vkSxk] rks v\Lpu [\Lh gksxh4 gks ld
rk g,] og fdrkc dqjku ds foijhr tkS] dqjku ls fHU gks2 gksxh gh4 foijhr
u Hh tkS] rks Hh fHU rks gksxh gh] D;kXfd pk,ng lk, lky eX nqfu;k cny x;h

vtgw psr xaokj
] yksxkX ds eu cny xS] yksxkX ds Pax cny xS] thou us uS Wi ys fyS4 ysf
du eqlyeku ogC vIdk g,] tgka dqjku Qd x;h Fh4 Vgnw ogka vIds gT tgka os
n Qd xS Fs4 ck,0 ogka vIds gT tgka cq0 Qd xS Fs4 vk,j bl chp nqfu;k cn
yrh pyh tkrh g,4
?kI dk eksg [rjukd g,4 unh ds fyS ?kI g,6 ?kI ds fyS unh ugC g,4 vk,j ÷
;ku j[uk] fGj nksgjk nwaA ?kI t\L g,4 ?kI tk ugC ldrk] unh ds ihNs Hkx
ugC ldrk] fd tgka unh tkS] ogC ?kI pyk tkS4 vk,j unh thoar g,6 dgC H
h tk ldrh g,4 ?kI rks [waIh t,lk g,4 [waIh ls xk; ca/h g,4 ysfdu xk; thoar g,
6 ljd Hh tk ldrh g,4
eTus lquk] Sd vkneh 'jkc ihS gqS jkr dks feOkB ds nqdkunkj ls dqN feOkB
[jhnk4 mls dqN Hw[ yxh Fh4 mlus Sd Qi;k fn;k] vkO vkus dh feOkB yh
] feOkB [k;h4 nqdkunkj us dgk fd HkB GqIdj i,ls ugC gT] rqe dy lqcg ys
ysuk4 'jkch us lkspk fd ;g c\Lh >a>I dh ckr gqB4 vc ;g dy lqcg vxj
cny tkS ;k eT gh Hwy tkMa dk,u] fdl nqdku ls~ ~ ~4 rks dqN Sslk mik; dj
ysuk pkfgS fd ftldk bldks rks irk gh u gks] ugC rks ;g mik; cny ns4 r
ks pkjkX rjG xk,j ls ns[k] ns[k Sd lkaa\L nqdku ds lkeus c,Ok g,] rks mlus dgk
fd fc¥dqy Ohd g,] ftl nqdku ds lkeus lka\L c,Ok g,] ogh nqdku ls eq>s vkO
vkus dy lqcg ysus gT4 Sslk [\Ls gksdj dB nGs mlus nksgjk fy;k] ea_7ikO dj
fy;k] rkfd ;kn jg tkS4 lka\L dks Hh xk,j ls ns[ fy;k] fd Ohd g,] fdl r
jg dk lka\L g,] dkyk7fpÈk bldh ihO ij g,] bl rjg dk lka\L3fd pkjkX rjG
?we dj ns[ fy;k4
nwljs fnu lqcg tc og igqapk rks lk\aL Sd ukBok\Ls ds lkeus c,Ok Fk4 mlus tk
dj Sdne ukB dks xjnu ls id\L fy;k4 mlus dgkA 8gn gks x;h2 vkO vkus
ds ihNs] /a/k cny fn;k2 nqdku cny nh2 is'k cny fn;k2 tkfr cny nh2 vjs
'je [kvks] vkO vkus j[us Fs j[ ysrs49
og ukB rks dqN le>k ugC fd ekeyk D;k g,4 ;g rks cgqr eqfædy ls le>
eX vk;k fd ekeyk D;k g,4
vc lka\aL dk dksB Hjkslk Fks\Ls gh g,2 ;g lka\aL dksB 'adjth ds lkeus c,Os i®Fj
ds uanh Fks\Ls gh gT fd ogC ds ogC c,Os gT6 'adjth Hh pys tkSa rks Hh ogC c,
Os jgXxs4 thoar2
unh vk,j ?kI eX GdZ le> ysuk4 unh rks thoar izokg g,3vf¬r®o dk4 ;g jkst
uS Wi ysrh g,] u;h rjaxX mOrh gT] uS Pax mOrs gT4 ?kI t\L g,4
dHh dke ds gksrs gT] dHh csdke gks tkrs gT4 dHh vFZ ds gksrs gT] dHh vuFZ
ds gks tkrs gT4
8t,ls unh Sd g,] cgqrsjs gT ?kI4

vtgw psr xaokj
cgqrsjs gT ?kI] Hsn HDru eX ukuk49

vk,j HDrkX eX c\Ls Hsn gT4 dksB Ssls iwtrk] dksB o,ls iwtrk4 iyIw dgrs gTA dksB
Hxoku dks ns[rk g, ifr ds Wi eX6 t,ls ehjka us ns[k Î‘< ds Wi eX] fd Hxo
ku ifr g,] rks iqdkjrh g,] fd lst fcNk;h g,] Gwy fcNkS gT] rqe vkvks esjh ls
t [kyh g,4 dksB Hxoku dks ns[rk g, csIs ds Wi eX] NksIs cπps ds Wi eX] ok®l
¥;7Hko ls6 t,lk lwjnkl ns[rs gT4 og i,jkX eX ?wa?j cka/s gqS] iTtfu;ka cka/s gqS]
Î‘< dk Wi3og Hh Ohd g,4
lwGh myIk gh dj fyS gT4 lwGh ¬o;a dks ekurs gT ifr vk,j ijek®ek dks ekurs
gT izs;lh4 blfyS mnwZ eX t,lk izse dk dkø; i,nk gqvk] fdlh Hk"k eX i,nk ugC
gks ldk6 D;kXfd tc ijek®ek dks izs;lh eku fy;k rks c\Lh lqfo/k gks x;h dkø
; ds i,nk gksus dh6 rks lkjk J1axkj lgtrk ls pyk vk;k4 lwGh ijek®ek dks d
grs gT izs;lh6 ¬o;a dks ekurs gT izseh4 ;g Hh Ohd g,4 fdl Hkafr izse l/s] ckr
mruh g,4 vlyh ckr izse g,3fdl ?kI ls rqe mrjrs gkX6 ifr dh rjg] i®uh
dh rjg~ ~ ~4
fGj jkeÎ‘< gT] og Hxoku dks eka dh rjg ekurs gT4 lwjnkl ¬o;a rks eka dh
txg gT ;k firk dh txg gT6 Î‘< muds NksIs7ls iTtfu;ka cka/s ukprs fGjrs gT4
lwjnkl ds Î‘< dHh c\Ls ugC gksrs6 os NksIs jgrs gT4 Ohd mügX mlls gh lekf/
yx x;h4 jkeÎ‘< ds ijek®ek eka ds Wi eX izdI gqS gT4 mügX mlls lekf/ y
x xB4
lwGh GdhjkX us ijek®ek eX izs;lh dks ns[k4 etuw vk,j y,yk dh dgkuh lwGh dg
kuh g,4 og izrhd g,4 eatuw ;kuh ijek®ek dk [ksth4 y,yk ;kuh og fNik gqvk
ijek®ek] tks feyrk ugC] feyrk ugC6 feyrk ugC6 [kstks vk,j [kstks] vk,j v
uar ;k_k djuh i\Lrh g,] rc dgC feyrk g,4 c\Lh eqfædy ls feyrk g,4 c\Lh f
ojg dh ;k_k g,4 c\Ls fojg ds vkalw jksus i\Lrs gT4
8cgqrsjs gT ?kI] Hsn HDr eX ukuk4
tks tsfg laxr ijk] rkfg ds gkF fcdkuk449
c\Lk î;kjk opu g,4 ;g bl ij fuHZj djrk g, fd rqe fdldh laxr i\L xS4
egkohj ls feyu gks x;k rks egkohj dk ?kI rqégX tap tkSxk vk,j cq0 ls fe
yuk gks x;k rks cq0 dk ?kI rqégX tap tkSxk4 vk,j Î‘< ls feyu gks x;k rks
Î‘< dk ?kI rqégX tap tkSxk4 fdlh Ssls ø;fDr ls feyu gks x;k] ftlus ik f
y;k g,] rks mldh ek,twnxh] og tks Hh dgrk g,] mldh lπpkB dk izek< cu
tkSxh4

vtgw psr xaokj
8tks tsfg laxr ijk] rkfg ds gkF fcdkuk49 f'‘; dk ;gh vFZ gksrk g,A fdlh
ds gkF fcd xS6 fdlh ds gkF eX le√ir gks xS4 fdlh dks dg fn;k fd rqe
id\Lks vc gkF ;g esjk4 viuh rjG ls cgqr dj pqdk4 viuh rjG ls tks Hh
fd;k xyr gqvk4 viuh rjG ls tgka x;k] xyr txg igqapk4 viuh rjG ls
dqN gy gksrk ugC4 vc rks esjk gkF id\Lks4 viuh cqf0 dks rqégkjs pj<kX eX j
[rk gwa vk,j rqégkjh cqf0 ls pywaxk4
f'‘; dk vFZ gksrk g,A vc xqQ dh Nk;k cuwaxk] vc xqQ dks vius varjre eX m
rkWaxk4
vk,j etk ;g g, fd vxj rqe cq0 ds ikl gksrs rks cq0 dh ckr tap tkrh vk,j
Î‘< ds ikl gksrs rks Î‘< dh ckr tap tkrh4 D;kXfd nksukX dh ckr gh lp g,
4 D;kXfd ckr ds ihNs [\Lh gqB tks †;ksfr g,] lπpkB dk izek< mleX g,4 ckr eX
dqN ugC j[k g,4
vxj rqe lwfG;kX dh laxr eX i\L xS rks ijek®ek izs;lh dh rjg fn[k;h i\Lus
yxsxk4 vk,j vxj rqe HDrkX dh laxr eX i\L xS rks rqe izs;lh gks tkvksxs vk,
j ijek®ek ifr7Wi gks tkSxk4 ;s rks Hk"k ds Hsn gT4 ;s rks HDrkX ds Hsn gT4
vk,j lc HsnkX eX Sd gh vHsn fNik gqvk g,4
8tks tsfg laxr ijk] rkfg ds gkF fcdkuk4
pkgs t,lh dj, HfDr] lc ukeVg dsjh49
fGj HfDr rqe d,lh gh djks] g, rks mlh Sd dh3ml Sd uke dh4 ml Sd d
h gh HfDr g,4 blfyS loky ;g ugC g, fd rqe d,ls djrs4 rqégkjh fof/ D;k
g,] ;g loky ugC g,4 rqégkjk Ôn; fof/ eX gksuk pkfgS] cl4 rqe ijek®ek dks
bl rjg iqdkjks fd og esjk ifr g,3ysfdu iqdkj lπph gks4 ifr dgdj iqdkj
rs gkss fd ijek®ek dks] fd i®uh dgdj iqdkjrs gks] dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 GdZ
bl ckr ls i\Lrk g, fd iqdkjrs gks ;k Ssls gh Mij7Mij vkokt yxk jgs gks v
k,j Hhrj7Hhrj cpuk pkgrs gks` iqdkj mOh g, gk√nd g,` rqégkjs Ôn; dh /\L
du rqégkjh iqdkj eX g,` rqégkjh iqdkj rqégkjh î;kl g,` dqrwgy rks ugC g,` ek
_ ftKklk rks ugC g,` eqeq{k g,` rqe nkao ij yxkuk pkgrs gks lc dqN` vx
j ijek®ek dgs fd eT r,;kj gwa] feyus dks] ysfdu Sd 'rZ g, esjh fd rw vius
dks [ksus dks r,;kj g,] rks rqe [ksus dks r,;kj gkvksxs` ;k rqe cgkus djksxs` rq
e dgksxs fd ckr rks Ohd g,] eT vkMaxk dy] \tjk lksp ywa] i®uh7cπpkX dks Hh
iwN ywa4 fGj vk,j Hh iπphl /a/s gT] mudks fucIk vkMa4
thll ls fdlh us iwNk fd vki ijek®ek ds jk†; dh lnk ckr djrs gT] ;g D
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us dgk fd vlaHo g, esjk vkuk] D;kXfd vkt gh esjs ?j esgeku vk xS gT vk,j
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8rhljs us dgk fd eT vius [sr eX my>k gwa] Gly dkIus dk le; g, vk,j vHh
Sd fnu dh Hh nsjh gks tkSxh rks Gly l\L tkSxh4 eT ugC vk ldrk gwa4 jk
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lo29
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og /uh vkneh rks cgqr nqA[h gqvk4 mlus dgkA fGj D;k gksxk` Hkst r,;kj g
ks x;k g,] Iscy ij Fkfy;ka yxk nh xB gT4 D;k eT fcuk vfrfF;kX ds bl m®lo
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dgk fd Sslk gh g, ijek®ek dk jk†;4 ijek®ek rqégX lans' Hstrk g,6 ysfdu rq
e cgkus dj tkrs gks4 dHh rqe dgrs gks] vkt ;g my>u g,6 dHh rqe dgrs
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tkrk g, fd ftügX cqyk;k tkrk g, os ugC igqaprs] vk,j ftügX ugC cqyk;k x;k Fk
] os igqap tkrs gT4 vdlj Sslk gks tkrk g,4
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du rqe vxj cgkus fdS rks rqe oafpr jg tkvksxs4

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;kXfd uke eX lc uke vk xS4
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ukX eX l,d\LkX uke gT ijek®ek ds] os lc vk xS3Blkb;kX ds] ;gwfn;kX ds4
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ej<4 ;g c\Lh [wch dh ckr g,4 vxj dgs jke7¬ej<] rks lhsfer gks x;h ckr6
rks fGj mügkXus Sd uke pqu fy;k4 fGj vk,j uke budkj dj fnS4 HDr dg
rs gT uke7¬ej<6 lc uke mlds gT4 fdlh uke ls iqdkjks] fdlh Hkafr iqdkjks4 iq
dkj lπph gksuh pkfgS4 blfyS rks dgrs gT ck¥ehfd Hwy xS vk,j jke7jke u
tidj ejk7ejk tirs jgs vk,j ejk7ejk tidj gh ml ije xfr dks ik xS4
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` rqégkjk ti] rqégkjs izk<kX ds varjre ls izdI gksrk g,` îykf¬Id dk Gwy rks
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ysrk g, i1ƒoh ls` Ssls rqégkjk tc uke7¬ej< Ôn; ls jl ysdj vkrk g,] vlyh
gksrk g,] rqe eX f[yrk g,] m/kj ugC gksrk4 jke7uke dh pqnfj;k vks\Pus dh
ckr ugC g,4 tc rd jke rqégkjh vk®ek ls u mOs~ ~ ~4
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iuk Pax [kst ysuk4 HfDr dk dksB ¬ITLLZ Pax ugC g,] dksB ljdkjh Pax ugC g, f
d blh Pax ls djksxs] rks gh HfDr iwjh gksxh4 rqégkjh t,lh ek,t gks4 blfyS rks
dksB i®Fj ds fdukjs c,Odj] jkg ds fdukjs] j[s i®Fj ds fdukjs c,Odj HfDr
dj ysrk g,4 ;g i®Fj gh g,3vk,jkX ds fyS6 ysfdu ftlus HfDr7Hko ls ml i
j nks Gwy p\Pk fnS] mlds fyS Hxoku g,4
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g,2 vHh ;g i®Fj Fk] bügkXus bldks yky jax ls iksr fn;k] nks Gwy p\Pk fnS]
u vka[7dku dk dqN irk] u gkF dk dqN irk3Hxoku gks xS`
exj le>ks VgnqvkX dh ckr4 os dgrs gTA Hxoku vka[] dku] gkF eX Fks\Ls gh g,
4 dksB c\Lk ew√rdkj bl i®Fj dks crkSxk] rc ;g Hxoku cuXxs] rqe le>rs
gks` ugC] Hxoku curs gT Hko ls4 ew√rdkj ew√r cuk nsxk] Hxoku Fks\Ls gh cu
k ldrk g,4 vxj ew√rdkj dk Hko gh u gks~ ~ ~4

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laxejej ds dkjhxj vdlj eqlyeku gksrs gT] rks eqlyeku ml eafnj dks cuk
jgs Fs4 eafnj eX ew√r [ksnh tk jgh Fh] og Hh eqlyeku dkjhxj [ksn jgs Fs4
eafnj dks cukusokys ds ?j eX eT esgeku Fk4 og eq>s ysdj fn[kus x;k fd \t
jk vki ns[ yX4 eTus mlls iwNk fd rqe Sd ckr le>rs gks` tks yksx bl eafn
j dh ew√r cuk jgs gT] mudk dksB Hko rks g, ugC4 ;s eqlyeku gT4 bügX ek,dk f
eys rks ;gh rks\L tkSaxs vkdj bl ew√r dks4 budk dksB Hko rks g, ugC4 rqeus
buls dHh iwNk` ;s ew√r rks cuk nXxs] ;g lp g,6 exj Hko dgka ls Lkyksxs`
og Fks\Ls g,jku gqS4 mügkXus dgkA ckr rks vki Ohd dgrs gT4 ;g rks geus lkspk
gh ugC4 yk[kX QiS yxk fnS bl eafnj ij4 ;g rks iwjk gh eafnj eqlyekukX
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VgnqvkX dk Pax †;knk ljy7lqxe g,4 os dgrs gTA Hko ls i®Fj Hxoku gks tkrk
g,4 vk,j Hko u gks rks Hxoku iquA i®Fj gks tkrk g,4 d,ls rqe djrs gks HfDr]
rqégkjs fof/7fo/ku eX dqN vFZ ugC g,4 rqe ftleX Hh ifjiw<Z jl ls Lwc tkvks
] ogh HfDr g,4
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ls ugk;k ugC gksxk] Sslh nqxΩ/ vk jgh g,4 vc Hs\LkX ds ikl jguk gks rks ugk7
/ksdj jg Hh ugC ldrs4 nqxΩ/ dk v˙;kl djuk gksrk g,4 c\Lh nqxZ/ vk jgh gT4
ml vkneh ls3Hs\L dh nqxΩ/ vk jgh g,4 pkjkX rjG Hs\LX fefe;k jgh gT4 vk,j
og c,Ok ogC izkFZuk dj jgk g,4 og D;k dg jgk g,] og Hh c\Ls ets dh ckr
g,4 eksf\t\t us [\Ls gksdj lquk4 og cgqr g,jku gqS4 mügkXus cgqr izkFZuk djusokys
ns[s Fs] Sslk vkneh ugC ns[k4 og Hxoku ls dg jgk g, fd 8gs Hxoku] rw S
d nGs eq>s cqyk ys4 Sslh rsjh lsok dWaxk fd rw Hh [q' gks tkSxk4 ikao nckus
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tkS4 vk,j rq>s f?l7f?ldj ugykMaxk vk,j rsjs flj eX tqSa i\L xS gkXxs rks mu
dh Hh lGkB dj nwaxk49 vc mlds cspkjs ds flj eX i\Ls gkXxs] rks ¬oHkorA vkn
eh viuh gh /kj<k ls Hxoku dks lkspsxk4 8rsjs tqSa i\L xS gkXxs] os Hh chu nwa
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g, fd ugC djrk~ ~ ~4
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k,j dgk fd eT jksIh Hh vπNh cukrk gwa] 'kd7lçth Hh vπNh cukrk gwa4 jkst H
ksstu Hh cuk nwaxk4 Fdk7ekank vkSxk] i,j Hh nkc nwaxk] ugyk Hh nwaxk4 rw Sd
nGk eq>s ek,dk rks ns4

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rsjs 'jhj ij xanxh te x;h gksxh] f?l7f?l dj lkG dj nwaxk vk,j fi¬lw b®;
kfn i\L gh tkrs gT] irk ugC dksB rsjh ogka fG∂ djrk g, fd ugC~ ~ ~4 eksf\t\t
us dgk A8pqi2 pqi ',rku2 rw D;k ckrX dj jgk g,` rw fdlls ckrX dj jgk g,
` Hxoku ls`
vk,j ml vkneh dh vka[ ls vkalw cgus yxs4 og vkneh rks Lj x;k4 mlls dgk
fd eq>s {ek djX4 dksB xyr ckr dgh`
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xS] fi¬lw gks xS2 mldk dksB i,j nckusokyk ugC2 mldk dksB Hkstu cukusoky
k ugC2 rw Hkstu cukSxk` vk,j rw mls f?l7f?ldj /ksSxk` rwus ckr D;k le
>h g,` Hxoku dksB x\Lfj;k g,`
og x\Lfj;k jksus yxk4 mlus eksf\t\t ds i,j id\L fyS4 mlus dgkA eq>s {ek d
jks2 eq>s D;k irk] eT rks csi\Pk7fy[k xaokj gwa4 'k¬_ dk dksB Kku ugC g,] v{
j lh[k ugC dHh] ;gC igk\L ij blh taxy eX Hs\LkX ds lkF gh jgk gw] Hs\fL;k
gwa] eq>s {ek dj nks2 vc dHh Sslh Hwy u dWaxk4 exj eq>s Ohd7Ohd izkFZuk
le>k nks4
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gqr dfOu g,4 ;g rks eT Hwy gh tkmaxk4 ;g rks eT ;kn gh u j[ ldwaxk4 fGj
ls nksgjk nks4
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kg ij ys vkS3HIds gqS dks4 og vkneh fGj cksyk fd Sd nGk vk,j nksgjk nks
4 og Hh nksgjk nh4 vk,j fGj tc eksf\t\t taxy dh rjG vius jk¬rs ij tkus
yxs] c\Ls izlU Hko ls] rks mügkXus c\Ls tksj dh vkokt eX xtZuk lquh vkdk' eX
vk,j Hxoku dh vkokt vk;h fd eksf\t\t] eTus rq>s nqfu;k eX Hstk Fk fd rw eq
>s yksxkX ls tks\Luk] rwus rks rks\Luk 'qW dj fn;k2
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kaius yxs4 mügkXus dgkA D;k dg jgs gT vki] eTus rks\L fn;k2 eTus mls Ohd7Ohd
izkFZuk le>k;h4
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j<` Ohd Hk"k` Ohd izkFZuk dk vFZ gksrk g,A gkfnZd4 og vkneh vc dHh Oh
d izkFZuk u dj ikSxk4 rwus mlds fyS lnk ds fyS rks\L fn;k mldh izkFZuk ls
eT c\Lk [q' Fk4 og vkneh c\Lk lπpk Fk4 og vkneh c\Ls Ôn; ls ;s ckrX d
grk Fk vk,j jkst dgrk Fk4 eT mldh izrh{k djrk Fk jkst fd dc x\Lfj;k iz
kFZuk djsxk4 Ssls rks rsjs t,ls cgqr yksx izkFZuk djrs gT4 mudh izkFZuk dh eT iz
rh{k ugC djrk4 os rks ca/h7ca/k;h] fiIh7fiIk;h ckrX gT4 os jkst ogh7ogh dg
rs jgrs gT4 ;g vkneh Ôn; ls dgrk Fk4 ;g vkneh Ssls dgrk Fk t,lk izseh

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dgrk g,4 vk,j fGj cspkjk x\Lfj;k g,] rks x\LfjS dh Hk"k cksyrk g,4 rw okfil
tk] mlls {ek ekax4 mlds i,j Nw] vk,j mls jkth dj fd og t,lk djrk Fk
o,lk gh djs4 rsjh izkFZuk okfil ys4
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ls gh GdZ i\Lrk g, fd rqe D;k gks4 rqégkjs vkalw lféefyr gksus pkfgS rqégkjs '
çnkX eX4 tc rqégkjs 'çn rqégkjs vkalqvkX ls xhys gksrs gT] rc mueX gtkj7gtkj ©w
y f[y tkrs gT4
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4
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d Pax g,4 Sd ns[us dk Pax g, fd lkTn;Z {<Haxqj vk,j Sd ns[us dk Pax ;g H
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ckr g,4 vyx7vyx cw>4
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k6 ml vkneh eX u >kadk4
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d dgrs gT4 og dgrs gTA gokB tgkt ij m\Ls] ukxiqj ls lh/s fn¥yh igqap xS]
rks chp dh ;k_k dk etk gh ugC feyk4 chp eX fdrus o1{ vkS] fdruh ufn
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e dksB xjhc Fks\Ls gh gT4 le; dh dksB bruh xjhch fd cl Sd fnu eX gh igqa
p tkSa4 lqfo/k ls pyXxs4 vki esjs lkF Sd nGk esjs Pax ls pyks4

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eafty ij igqapus eX dqN yksx m®lqd gksrs gT] dqN yksx ;k_k eX Hh m®lqd gksrs
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j ls dksB tkSxk2 dku b/j ls id\Lk fd m/j ls id\Lk4 rqe fdlh dh Ns\L[k
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ij ykus dh ps‘Ik er djks4 pyks mlds ?kI ls ikI Fks\Lk c\Lk g, unh dk] Fks\Lh
nsj ls tkSxh uko6 ysfdu vxj mls ;gh ek,t g, rks tkus nks] 'kæor g, le;
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8iyIw Sd, Isd uk tsfrd Hs" r, ckI49
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8iyIw Sd, Isd uk9~ ~ ~ blfyS lkaiznkf;d o1fR er j[uk4~ ~ ~ 8t,frd Hs" r,
ckI94 ftrus yksx gT] ftrus os" gT] mrus ?kI gT4 t,ls uYh Sd g,] cgqrsjs gT ?
kI4
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ykus dh ps‘Ik eX er i\Luk4 og Hh vgadkj g,4 vk,j vgadkj ls mi–o i,nk gksrs
gT4 vgadkj NwIs rks cgqr mi–o NwIus 'qW gks tkrs gT4
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vgadkj Nks\Lk6 vk,j mi–o Hh Nks\Lks4

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Sd ehy esjk cks> Pksvks] rks nks ehy mlds lkF pys tkuk4 vk,j dksB rqégkjs c
k;X xky ij pkaIk ekjs rks nk;ka Hh mlds lkeus dj nsuk4 >x\Lk [\Lk er djks4
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gh ns nsuk4
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Ls pys xS4
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rftS Sslk lax nsl pfy nwlj yht,449
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vc f'dok7S7laxks f[ær d,lk

tc rsjh xyh eX vk x;k gwa4
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laü;klh dks yksx fH[eaxk le> ysrs gT4 lksprs gT] blds ikl dqN Hh ugC g,4 c
kr myIh g,4 lalkjh fH[eaxk g,6 mlds ikl dqN Hh ugC g,4 vk,j tks Hh g,] og
Hh fNu tkSxk4 vkt ugC dy] vkt ugC dy] fNu gh tkusokyk g,4 Fks\Lh nsj
dh ekyfd;r g,4 fdlh dh vekur g,] og okfil ys ysxk] rqe ukgd gh xWj
eX brjk jgs gks4
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;wa gh [\Lk gqvk gwa] vki ukgd eq> ij n;k djus dh dksf'' u djX4
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tc rsjh xyh eX vk x;k gwa4
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xyh eX vk x;k gwa4
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[;ky j[uk] ns' ls eryc ;g ugC g, fd rqe ;gka ls Hkx dj fdlh nwljs ns
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tk jgs gks` ml dk,os us dgkA nwljs ns' tkrs gT] D;kXfd bl ns' eX gekjs xhr
dks dksB ilan ugC djrk4 dks;y us dgk A nwljs ns' eX Hh ;gh gkyr gksxh4 rqé
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cnyus ls D;k gksxk`
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jgs gT fd nwljs varj7izns' eX izos' dj tkvks6 Hhrj ns' cny yks6 Hhrj vkd
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kus nks4
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fnu pkfj94 Ssls gh chr tkrs gT fnu4 ;s pkj fnu †;knk nsj yxrs ugC4 nks vk
jtw eX chr xS] nks bartkj eX4 nks ekaxus eX chr tkrs gT] nks izrh{k eX chr tk
rs gT4 pkj gh fnu gT4 bu pkj fnu ds fyS fdruk jks" ge dj ysrs gT2
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nqdku ij] /u ij] in7izfr‘Ok ij4 gtkjkX phtkX ij gekjk Hjkslk g,4 pwafd ge
kjk Hjkslk gtkjkX phtkX ij g,] gekjh vk®ek gtkj [aLkX eX IwI x;h g,4 Sd ij
Hjkslk gks rks vk®ek v[aL gks tkrh g,4 rqégkjk ftruh phtkX ij Hjkslk gksxk]
mrus gh rqégkjs thou eX [aL gkXxs] rqe Iqd\Ls7Iqd\Ls gks tkvksxs] rqe fc[j tkv
ksxs4
8rftS lc tatky uke d, djks Hjkslk49
lk/kj<rA vkneh Hh\L g,4 rqégkjs Hhrj Sd vk®ek Hh dgka g,2
e'jG ds cx,j ty jgk gwa
eT lwus edku dk nh;k gwa4
eafty u dksB tknk] fGj Hh
vk'kscs lGj eX eqfçryk gwa4
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eT lwus edku dk nh;k gwa4
lk/kj< vkneh lwus edku dk nh;k g,4 ty jgk g,4 dksB vFZ ugC g, tyus eX4
ty7ty dj feI jgk g,4 t¥nh cq>sxk4
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eT lwus edku dk nh;k gwa

eafty u dksB tknk] fGj Hh~ ~ ~
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vk'kscs lGj eX eqfçryk gwa4
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rkvkX eX my>s gqS tatky gT2 Sslh lk/kj< f¬Ffr g,] fof{îr f¬Ffr g,4
bl ns' dks cnyks4 nwljk ns' vius Hhrj cukvks4
8Hh[ ekaxh cQ [kS] [IiIh uhd u ykx,49 iyIw dgrs gTA Hh[ ekax dj [k
ys] og vπNk] ysfdu >x\Ls vk,j tatky dh Vtnxh eX dksB jl ugC4
8Hh[ ekaxh cQ [kS9~ ~ ~ pkgs Hh[ ekax dj [k ys] ysfdu ;s >x\Ls lalkj ds
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8[IiIh uhd u ykx,
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udy Hkxksxs4 rqe jkr Hh u Ogjksxs bl txg] rqe ;g Hh u dgksxs fd vHh j
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nqA[ nsrk] dkaIs gh dkaIs c\Prs pys tkrs gT4 dy ij vk'k Iaxh jgrh g, fd dy
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8iyIw Sslu cwf> ds Lkfj fngk flj Hkj49
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8iyIw Sslu cwf> ds Lkj fn;k flj Hkj4
ysgq ijksflfu >kXi\Lk fur mfO ck\Pr jkj49
ftuls >x\Lk7>a>I gksrk Fk] muls dgk fd HkB ;g laHkyks] eT pyk4 ;g >x\L
k rqe ys yks4 rqégX bleX jl g,] rqe laHky yks4 ;g xkaO mi–o dh rqe laHky
yks] eT pyk4 ;g cks> eT Nks\Lus dks r,;kj gwa4
bldk ;g vFZ ugC g, fd rqe lc Hkxks vk,j laü;klh gks tkvks4 bldk dqy br
uk gh vFZ g, fd tatky ls tkxks4 jgks] tgka gks4 Hhrj dk ns' cny yks4 Hhrj
dk ¬oj cnyks4 ;gka >x\Lus ;ks≈; ew¥;oku dksB Hh pht ugC g,4 bl txr. eX
bruh ew¥;oku dksB Hh pht ugC g, fd rqe mlds fyS >x\Lks] jks" djks] Vglk
djks4 dk,f\L;kX ds fyS y\Lks er4 dk,f\L;kX ds fyS y\Ldj vk®ek ds cgwew¥; ghjs
u xaokvks4
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8ty i"ku dks Nksf\L d, iwtks vkrenso49
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l g, fd b/j ls NwIs m/j Gals4 eu 'kar jguk gh ugC pkgrk4 rks fdlh rjg
nqdkunkjh ls NwIs] fdlh rjg [krs7cgh ls NwIs] rks fGj Sd vk,j tky g,] og
jkg ns[ jgk g, rqégkjh] izrh{k dj jgk g, fd pyks] ;gka Gal tkvks4
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gqS gks2 bruk l¬rk g, ifo_ gks tkuk2 xaxk rqégkjs 'jhj dks 'q0 dj nsxh] ;g
Ohd g,4 ;g dksB Hh unh dj ldrh g,4 ysfdu rqégkjh vk®ek dks xaxk dk ty

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k jgk gwa4 rqe ikxy gks xS gks` ;g lkjk eafnj mldk g,4 rqe Hkxs dgka tk j
gs gks2 bruk le; rqe tks eafnj yxkus eX yxk jgs gks] ;g Hh iwtk eX yx tkr
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fojkteku g,4 mldh rjG rks >qdrs gh ugC gks6 Hkxs pys tk jgs gks eafnj ds
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[wc î;kjh ckr dgh g,2 mldks iwtks3tks [krk g,] ihrk g,] cksyrk g,~ ~ ~ tgka
p,rü; g,] tgka thou g,2
8iwtks vkrenso] [k; vk, cksy, HkB4
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fdruh esgur djrs gks 8Nkrh nsdj9] fdruk Je mOkdj i®Fj dh ew√r cukrs
gks] rks\L7rks\L] N,uh ls pyk7pyk fdruh esgur djds i®Fj dh ew√r cukrs gks
2 vk,j ;gka thfor ew√r;ka py jgh gT4 8[k; vk,j cksy, HkB29 ;gka lHh ew√r;ka
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< mlds gT4 'wü; eX p\Pk nks] rks Hh mlh ds pj<kX eX igqap tkSxh4 ;gka tks Hh
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lkst g, v'yksd eX ckdh u lkt
vc oks [q®os eX u fgYr g, u tks'
gks xB cslwn rydhus7lokc

vtgw psr xaokj
vc fnykSa Hh rks D;k [ksG, vtkc

vc gjhGs7's[ dksB Hh ugC
[®e g, vc gj Sd ekstw7S7f[rkc
vkt e/e7lh g, vkokts nWn]
vkt tyrk gh ugC eafnj eX Mn
D;k d;ker g, ;dk;d gks x;k
egfGys tgkn ij rkjh tewn
jçcscj gd [kfyds7vkyh tukc
gks xS vius fe'u eX dke;kc
flyflyk Wænks fgnk;r dk g, [®e
vkleka ls vc u mrjsxh fdrkc
ej x;k Ss ck; ',rka ej x;k4
;g ml fnu dh dfork g,] ftl fnu ',rku ej x;k4 ',rku ej x;k rks D;k gq
vk`
ej x;k S ck; ',rka ej x;k2
ml fnu ;g gqvkA n,j ohjka g,2 eafnj [kyh i\Ls gT4 ',rku gh ej x;k rks eafnj
eX Hxoku dh D;k tWjr jgh2
ef¬tn 'kar g,6 vc dksB vtku ugC nsrk4 ',rku gh ej x;k rks vc Hxoku
dh vtku Hh dk,u ns2 lHh rjG Hxoku dk jk†; gks x;k4 la?"Z gh lekîr gks
x;k4

vtgw psr xaokj
cjgeu pqi g, eksv†tu g, [keks'
vtku nsusokys pqi gks xS gT vk,j czk‰< vc ea_kX dk ikO ugC djrs gT4 vc f
dldh iwtk] fdldk ikO2
ej x;k Ss ck; ',rka ej x;k
lkst g, v'yksd eX ckdh u lkt4
vc u rks æyksd eX cy g,] u laxhr g,] u m®lkg g,4
vc oks [q®os eX u fgYr g, u tks'
vc /k√ed Hk"< eX og xjeh Hh u jgh4
ej x;k Ss ck; ',rka ej x;k
',rku gh ej tkS~ ~ ~ ftl fnu va/sjk ej tkSxk] ml fnu jks'uh eX D;k et
k jg tkSxk2 ftl fnu chekjh ej tkSxh ml fnu ¬ok¬ƒ; eX D;k [wch jg tk
Sxh2 ftl fnu dkaIs gkXxs gh ugC] ml fnu Gwy dh iz'alk eX xhr dk,u xkSxk2
8gks x;h cslwn rdyhus7lokc4
vc fnykSa Hh rks D;k [ksG, vtkc4
Vtnxh ls lc iki feI xS vc yksxkX dks LjkSa Hh iki ls rks d,ls LjkSa2
vc gjhGs7's[ dksB Hh ugC2
vc vπNkB dk dksB nqæeu gh ugC g,4 vc Kkuh dk dksB nqæeu gh ugC g,4
[®e g, gj Sd ekstw7S7f[rkc
vc rks yksxkX dks lacksf/r djus dk dksB fo"; gh u cpk4
ej x;k S ck; ',rka ej x;k2
vkt v/e lh g, vkokts7nWn
vkt iwtk7ikO c\Lk e0e gks x;k4 ejk7ejk2 æokl fIdh7fIdh3vc x;h rc x
;h2

vtgw psr xaokj
vkt e/e7lh g, vkokts nWn

vkt tyrk gh ugC g, eafnj eX Mn4
vc dksB mn.cRh ugC tykrk] vc dksB /wi ugC tykrk eafnj eX4 ijek®ek dh
izkFZuk vc ugC gksrh4 vc Fkfy;ka ugC ltrC vkjrh dh4 vc dksB Gwy ysdj
eafnj eX iwtk ds fyS ugC vkrk4 fdldh vpZuk2
ej x;k Ss ck; ',rka ej x;k4
D;k d;ker g, ;dk;d gks x;k
;g D;k gks x;k`
egfGys tg.gkn ij rkjh tewn2
;g Hys yksxkX dh tcku Sdne can D;kX gks x;h` ;s /k√ed yksx Sdne pqi D
;kX gks xS` ;s /k√ed yksxkX dh tcku ij rkys D;kX i\L xS` ;g D;k xtc gks
x;k2
jçcscj gd ~ ~ ~ gs ijek®ek2 [kfyds7vkyh tukc2 gkss xS vius fe'u eX dke
;kc4 Hxoku vius fe'u eX lGy gks x;k4 ej x;k Ss ck; ',rka ej x;k4 ',r
ku ej x;k] Hxoku vius fe'u eX lGy gks xS3bl dkj< vc eafnj7ef¬tn
pqi i\Ls gT4
vc mins' dh dksB tWjr u jgh4
vkleka ls vc u mrjsxh fdrkc4
vc u osn mrjsxh] u bathy] u dqjku4
vkleka ls vc u mrjsxh fdrkc
vc ej x;k S ck; ',rka ej x;k4

vtgw psr xaokj
fdrkcX mrjrh jgC3dqjku] osn] ckbfcy4 i,xacj vkrs jgs3vczkge] eksf\t\t] eks
géen] thll4 rhFΩdj mOrs jgs3egkohj] cq0] ikæoZukF] usfeukF] vkfnukF4
c\Ls lans'okgd i,nk gqS3tjFq¬_] ykvks®lq4 lar peds4 ;s fdlfyS gT` ;g fdl
rjg g,` ;s lc lcwr gT bl ckr ds fd dfy;qx lnk ls Fk4 ',rku dHh ejk
ugC Fk4 u ',rku dHh ejk Fk] u vkt ej x;k g,] u dHh ejsxk4 ',rku vk,j
ijek®ek lkF7lkF gT] t,ls fnu vk,j jkr lkF7lkF gT4 rqégkjh tks etñ] pqu
yks4 rqe pkgks rks fnu eX lks tkvks vk,j jkr eX tkxks4 rqe pkgks rks jkr eX lks
tkvks vk,j fnu eX tkxks4 rqégkjh ejth tks rqe pkgks4 rqe pkgks dfy;qx eX lks
tkvks] lr;qx eX tkxks4 vk,j rqe pkgks lr;qx eX lks tkvks dfy;qx eX tkxks4 rq
e vHh pkgks jke cu tkvks] pkgks jko< cu tkvks4 ;s jke vk,j jko< nks laHk
oukSa gT4
blfyS rqégkjs le; dh /kj<k dks eT cnyuk pkgwaxk4 eT Sslk ugC dgrk fd i
gys lr;qx gqvk] fGj dfy;qx vk;k4 ;g rks ckr gh xyr g,4 nksukX lnk lkF
jgs4 nksukX le; ds] xk\Lh ds nks pkd gT4
vk,j rc Sd vk,j u;h laHkouk dk }kj [qyrk g,4 rqe pkgks rks nksukX eqDr gks
tkvks4 le; ls eqDr gks tkvks4 cqjs7Hys nksukX ls eqDr gks tkvks4 ogh eks{ g,4 o
gh fuokZ< g,4 tks cqjk g,] og cqjs ls ca/k g,4 tks Hyk g, og Hys ls ca/k g,4 nks
ukX ca/s gT4 vπNk g, fd cqjkB ls ca/us dh ctkS HykB ls ca/ks4 vxj tathjX gh
iguuh gT rks lksus dh iguks4 D;k tWjr g, yksgs dh iguks23tax yxh] otuh]
Hkjh2 vkHw"< gh iguus gT rks cgqew¥; iguks] ghjs7tokgjkrkX ds iguks4 exj ca
/s rks jgksxs4
cqjkB dk ca/u g, cqjk] HykB dk ca/u g, Hyk6 ysfdu ca/u rks ca/u gh g,4 vk,
j tgj fGj pkgs fdruh gh vπNh cksry eX gks3lksus dh cksry eX gks] rks Hh D
;k GdZ i\Lrk g,] ekjsxk rks gh4
/eZ dh vk®;afrd [kst le; ls eqDr gks tkuk g,3dkykrhr4 u rks lr;qx jg
tkS] u dfy;qx jg tkS4 dfy;qx eX tks thrk g,] og nqtZu4 lr;qx eX tks th
rk g, og l†tu4 vk,j nksukX ds tks ikj gks x;k] mlh dks ge lar dgrs gT4 lar
dk vFZ g,] tks le; eX thrk gks ugC6 tks le; ds ckgj ljd x;k4 cqjkB ls
gh ugC ljdk] HykB ls Hh ljd x;k4 ftlus jkr rks Nks\Lh gh Nks\Lh] fnu Hh
Nks\Lk4 ftlus lc Nks\L fn;k4 tks vius Hhrj ljd x;k4 tks vius 'wü; eX fojk
teku gks x;k4 fxjg gekjk lqU eX] vugn eX foljke4
rqe iwNrs gks fd D;k bl dfy;qx eX Hh dksB izHq dks miyç/ gks ldrk g,` rqe
Sslk iwN jgs gksA fd D;k bl va/sjh jkr eX Hh dksB nh;k tyk ldrk g,` rqe
ls dgk fdlus`va/sjh jkr us nh;k tykus eX ck/k dc Lkyh` va/sjk nh;k tykus
eX ck/k Lky Hh d,ls ldrk g,` va/sjs dk cy D;k g,` nh;k tyrk gks rks Ssl
k Fks\Ls g, fd va/sjk >iI.Ik ekjdj mls cq>k ns6 fd rqe nh;k tykvks rks va/sjk

vtgw psr xaokj
tyus u ns4 va/sjs dh lkeƒ;Z D;k` nh;k tyk fd va/sjk x;k4 jkr ds cgkus fu
dkydj nh;k tykus ls cpus dh dksf'' er djks4
t,u ekurs gT fd ;g iapedky g,] vc dksB rhFΩdj ugC gks ldrk4 Vgnw ekurs
gT ;g dfy;qx g,] vc dksB Hxoku dks d,ls miyç/ gks2 ;s lc grk' ckrX gT4
;s ckrX vkneh dks uiqald fdS tk jgh gT4 eT rqels dgrk gwa A Sslk gh lnk Fk]
Sslk gh vc g,4 tks igys gks ldk] vkt gks ldrk g,4 tks vkt gks ldk] ogh
igys Hh gks ldrk Fk4 \tjk Hh GdZ ugC g,4 nqfu;k o,lh dh o,lh g,4
ysfdu geX v\Lpu gksrh g,4 geX v\Lpu gksus ds dkj< gT4 gksrk Sslk g, fd vrh
r dh tc rqe ¬e1fr djrs gks rks mleX ls Hys7Hys dks pqudj ¬e1fr djrs gks4
cq0 dh rks geX ;kn g,] ysfdu cq0 ftu yksxkX ds chp xqtjrs Fs] ftu yksxkX ds
chp thrs Fs] mudh geX dksB ;kn ugC] mudk dksB bfrgkl ugC cuk4 os rks f
eI xS4 cq0 cps4 rks og tks dkyk çy,dcksLZ Fk] og rks [ks x;k] flGZ pedrs
gqS lGsn v{j gekjh ;kn eX jg xS gT4 vkt rqégX ;kn ugC fd cq0 ds le;
dk vkneh d,lk Fk6 jke ds le; dk vkneh d,lk Fk6 Î‘< ds le; dk vkn
eh d,lk Fk4 ;g pedrs gqS rkjkX dh ;kn jg x;h vk,j va/sjh jkr dk geus d
ksB ¬ej< u j[k4 blls Ohd myIh ckr ?Irh g, vHh4 vHh Sslk ?Irk g, fd
djks\L vkneh eX dHh Sdk/ dksB pedrk vkneh feyrk g,4 os tks djks\L va/sjs
ls Hjs gqS yksx gT os jkst feyrs gT mOrs] c,Ors lqcg lka>] ?j eXa] ckgj] nqdk
u] cktkj eX3lc txg ogh g,4 cq0 rks dHh7dHkj dksB feysxk4 vk,j fey Hh
tkS rks rqe ns[ u ikvkss4 D;kXfd cqjs] ikxykX dh Hh\L eX thrs7thrs thrs7thrs
rqégkjk cq0 dks ns[us dk] cq0 dks ij[us dh tks lw> pkfgS ogh [ks x;h g,4
vknfe;kX ls f?lrs7filrs] vknfe;kX dh csBekuh] pksjh lgrs7lgrs rqe brus dOks
j gks tkrs gks2 gksuk gh i\Lrk g,4
vxj fdlh vkneh dks dkaIs ds gh jk¬rs ij pyuk i\Ls] dkaIkX ij gh pyuk i\Ls]
rks /hjs7/hjs mldk pe\Lk dOksj gks tkSxk4 fGj Sd fnu Gwy dks ¬i'Z gks] r
ks Gwy dk ¬i'Z mls irk gh u pyksxs4 pe\Lh eksIh gks x;h4 blfyS rks i,j dh
pe\Lh eksIh gks tkrh g,4 vc rqe i,j ls gh vxj xqykc dks IIksyuk pkgksxs rks
u IIksy ikvksxs6 i,j dh pe\Lh eksIh gks x;h4 gksuk gh i\Lk4 tehu ij pyuk g,
] dad\L7i®Fj ij pyuk g,] rks i,j dh pe\Lh dks etcwr] eksIk gksuk gh i\Lsxk4
vc vxj rqe i,j dh pe\Lh ls IIksyks xqykc dks] rks rqégX dqN irk u pysxk4
Sslh gh ckr g,4
Vtnxh eX jkst rks feyrs gT cqjs yksx] dHh la;ksxo'kr dksB thoar HxoRk dks
miyç/ ø;fDr ds n'Zu gksrs gT3rc rd rqégkjh vka[X {erk [ks pqdh gksrh gT4
rqe bl vkneh dks le> ugC ikrs4 rqe eku ugC ikrs4 rqégkjk Ôn; gtkj lans
gkX ls Hj x;k4 D;kXfd tc Hh rqeus ekuk] /ks[k [k;k4 ftldks ekuk] mlls /ks
[k [k;k4 /ks[s gh /ks[s dh dFk g,4 ftldks rqeus lkspk fd Ohd g,] ogh xyr

vtgw psr xaokj
fl0 gqvk4 ;g bruh ckj gqvk fd vc rqe d,ls ekuks fdlh dks] fd dksB Ohd
gks ldrk g,2 vk,j lar gks ldrk g,] ;g rks ckr gh ugC ekuus dh4
rks rqégkjs thou dk vuqHo tks g,] og rqégX dfy;qx ls ?sjrk g,] vk,j dHh Sd
k/ dgC fdlh ø;fDr eX lr;qx dh yiI gksrh g,4 rqe mls ekurs ugC4 rqe mls
ns[rs ugC4 rqe mls ¬ohdkj ugC djrs4
vk,j rqégX eT {ek djrk gwa4 rqégX eT {ek djrk gwa] D;kXfd eT tkurk gwa fd rqégk
jh Hh v\Lpu g,4 rqe Hh D;k djks2 gtkj ckj Hjkslk fd;k vk,j gtkj ckj Hj
kslk IwIk] rks vc rqe Hjkslk djus eX vleFZ gks xS gks4 vc J0k lqxe u jgh
4 tc ik;k] dkaIk ik;k4 vk,j tc Hh dkaIk ik;k] rks igys gj dkaIs us Gwy dks
/ks[k fn;k Fk4 vkt Gwy dks ns[dj Hh rqe ;gh lkspksxs fd irk ugC] fGj /ks
[k gks2 eu dgsxk A 8vc rks dqN lh[ks2 dgka bl dfy;qx eX` dgka bl va/sjh
nqfu;k eX dksB tkxrk g,` dgka dksB izHq dks miyç/ gksrk g,` vc Hxoku dgka
`9
rqégkjh v\Lpu esjh le> eX vkrh g,4 vrhr ds HxokukX dh ;kYkær jg x;h6
vrhr ds euq‘;kX dh ;kYkær [ks x;h4 vkt ds euq‘; fn[k;h i\Lrs gT6 vkt dk
Hxoku fn[k;h ugC i\Lrk4 blfyS c\Lh fujk'k i,nk gksrh g,4
u Gyd ij dksB rkjk] u teC ij tqxuw
tkss fdju uwj dh g,] ekr gqB tkrh g,]
dkjxj ;ksfj's tqyekr gqB g, fdruh
D;k ges'k ds fyS jkr gqB tkrh g,`
cgqr ckj ;g eu eX loky mOrk g,4 u Gyd ij dksB rkjk~~~~ Sd rkjk ugC
fn[k;h f{frt ij4 u teC ij tqxuw~ ~ ~ Nks\Lks rkjkX dh ckr] jkr Sslh va/sjh
g, fd Sd rkjk ugC fn[k;h i\Lrk Gyd ij] vkleku ij Sd rkjs dh >yd
ugC4 jkr Sslh va/sjh g, fd rkjkX dh rks ckr Nks\L nks] tehu ij dksB tqxuw H
h pedrk gqvk ugC fn[k;h i\Lrk4
u Gyd ij dksB rkjk u teC ij tqxuw
tks fdju uwj dh g, ekr gqB tkrh g,4
blfyS izdk' dh fdj< ij Hjkslk d,ls vkS` izdk' dh fdj< gkjh tkrh g,4
Sslk yxrk g, fd 8vc ge vk'k Nks\L nXxs] l®; ugC gksxk6 l®; ugC gks ld
rk6 bl dfy;qx eX dgka l®;2 og lr;qx eX gksrk Fk] og dFk g, iqjk<kX eX2 o

vtgw psr xaokj
g Hh D;k iDdk irk] gksrk Fk fd ugC gksrk Fk4 exj igys gksrk gksxk] vc r
ks ugC gksrk4 vk,j vc rks dHh ugC gksxk4 og ¬o<Z;qx tk pqdk49
dkjxj ;ksfj's tqyekr gqB g, fdruh~ ~ ~ vk,j va/sjs eX fdrus tq¥e gqS gT2 va/s
js ds }kjk fdrus tq¥e gqS gT2 va/sjk fdruk >iI7>iI dj geX rks\Lrk jgk] l
c rjG ls ywIrk jgk g,2
dkjxj ;ksfj's tqyekr gqB g, fdruh2
D;k ges'k ds fyS jkr gqB tkrh g,`
rks ;g lansg ¬okHkfod g, fd eu eX fopkj mOus yxsA 8D; ges'k ds fyS jkr
gqB tkrh g,` D;k vc dHh lqcg u gksxh`9
dfy;qx dk vFZ gksrk g, fd vc dHh lqcg u gksxh4 dfy;qx dk vFZ g, ;g vk
f[jh jkr vk x;h4 os fnu xS] tc fnu gqvk djrk Fk4 os fnu xS] os fnu l
ius gks xS4
rqe yksxkX dh ckrkX dks lquks4 os dgrs gT A 8os iqjkus Hys fnu2 os vπNs fnu29 y
ksx ihNs dh rjG lksprs gT fd vπNs fnu Fs4 mlds ihNs Hh eukso,Kkfud dkj<
g,4 mlds ihNs ;g vFZ ugC fd ihNs vπNs fnu Fs4 vkneh Sslk gh jgk g,] lnk
ls Sslk gh jgk g,4 \tjk Hh GdZ ugC g, vkneh eX4 lkeku cny xS gT] exj vk
neh ugC cnyk4 vkneh dh lkjh o1fR;ka ogh dh ogh gT4
rqe lksprs gks A vkt dk vkneh cqjk g,4 rks paxst[ku vkt rks ugC gqvk4 vk,j
ukfnj'kg vkt rks ugC gqvk vk,j r,ewjyax vkt rks ugC gqvk4 dqN GdZ ugC gq
vk g,4 rqe lksprs gks fd ihNs lc Ohd Fk4 blds ihNs eukso,Kkfud dkj< g,] Ss
frgkfld dkj< ugC4 gj vkneh vius ihNs cpiu Nks\L vk;k g,] ogh dkj< g,4
cpiu eX dksB Vprk u Fh] dksB tqéesokjh u Fh] dksB fG∂7GkaIk u Fk4 nqfu;
k eX D;k gks jgk Fk] dqN irk Hh u Fk4 cpiu eX lc rjG jks'uh Fh6 Gwy f
[ys Fs6 frrfy;ka m\L jgh FC6 vkdk' eX ckny NkS Fs vk,j ifj;kX dk jk†; F
k4 gj cπpk vius ihNs Nks\L vk;k g, lq[ ds fnu] fGj Vprk vk;h] fGj ijs'ku
h vk;h] fGj csp,fu;ka vk;C] fGj la?"Z vk;k] fGj y\Luk] tw>uk] gkjuk] Beku
nkjh7csBekuh dh nqfu;k 'qW gqB] fGj cktkj i,nk gqvk4 rks gj vkneh vius ih
Ns cpiu Nks\L vk;k g,4 ml cpiu ds dkj< Sd eukso,Kkfud /kj<k cuh g, f
d igys lc vπNk Fk 4 vk,j cpiu ds Hh igys gj vkneh xHZ ds uk, eghus N
ks\L vk;k g,4 os uk, eghus vn.Hqr Fs4 mu uk, eghukX eX rks Vprk dk loky gh u
Fk4 Hkstu Hh [qn ugC djuk i\Lrk Fk] eka djrh Fh4 [wu Hh [qn ugC cuku
k i\Lrk Fk] eka cukrh Fh4 æokl Hh [qn ugC ysuh i\Lrh Fh] eka ysrh Fh4
eukso,Kkfud dgrs gT fd eka ds xHZ eX t,lk lq[ cπpk tku ysrk g,] mlh ds dk
j< thou Hj ihNs yk,I7yk,I dj lksprk g, fd ihNs fdruk lq[ Fk2 vk,j ;g

vtgw psr xaokj
gj vkneh cpiu ls xqtjk g,4 rks gj vkneh ds eu eX ;g /kj<k c,Oh g, fd i
gys vπNk Fk4 blh igys vπNs dk fo¬rkj g, lr;qx dk [;ky] fd igys lc
vπNk Fk vk,j vc lc cqjk gks x;k4
dqN cnyk ugC g,4 lc o,lk gh g,4
;s cjlrk gqvk ek,le] ;s7'cs rhjks7rkj

fdlh e0e ls flrkjs dh ft;k Hh rks ugC
mG ;s ohjkuh7S7ekgk,y7;s ohjkuh7S7fny
vklekukX ls dHh uwj Hh cjlk gksxk
cd∆ bygke Hh ygjk xB gksxh 'k;n
ysfdu vc nhn7S7gljr ls lw7S7v'Z u ns[
vc ogka Sd va/sjs ds flok dqN Hh ugC
ns[ bl G'Z dks tks tq¥ers7'c ds cko¬G
jks'uh ls vHh egWe ugC g, 'k;n
bdu bd tjkZ ;gka vc Hh nedrk gksxk
dksB tqxuw fdlh xks's eX pedrk gksxk
;s teC uwj ls egWe ugC gks ldrh
fdlh tkackt ds ekFs ij 'gknr dk tyky
fdlh etcwj ds lhus eX cxkor dh rjax
fdlh nks'htk ds vksOkX i, rc¬lqe dh ydhj

vtgw psr xaokj
d¥cs7mæ'kd eX egcwc ls feyus dh meax
fnys tqgkn eX ukdjn xqukgkX dh [fy'
fny eX Sd Gkg'k ds igyh eksgçcr dk “;ky
dgC Sglkl dk 'ksyk gh Gjkstka gksxk
dgC vGdkj dh danhy gh jks'u gksxh
dksB tqxuw dksB tjkZ rks nedrk gksxk
;s teC uwj ls egWe ugC gks ldrh4
ekuk fd jkr c\Lh va/sjh g,] ysfdu dgC bl va/sjh jkr eX Hh dksB rkjk ped
rk gksxk4 [kstuk i\Lsxk4 ftügkXus [kstk] mügkXus gh ik;k4 dgC rks dksB danhy t
yrh gksxh2 H;kud vekol g,2 8;s teC uwj ls egWe ugC gks ldrh94 dgC rks
dksB vkyksd gksxk ijek®ek dk4
ml vkyksd dks gh ge ln.xqQ dgrs gT4 mlh dks iyIw us dgk g, A ln.xqQ ds pj
<kX eX yx tkvks4 [kstks2 ekuk jkr va/sjh g,] lnk ls va/sjh jgh g,] vk,j lnk ls
dgC u dgC ftügkXus [kstk g, mügX jks'uh dh dksB fdj< Hh fey xB g,4
;s cjlrk gqvk ek,le] ;s 'cs7rhjks7rkj
;g va/sjh Ljkouh jkr] ;g /qvka/kj vkdk' ls fxjrh gqB ty/kj] ;g va/\L]
;g rwGku] ;g cknykX dh x\Lx\LkgI] ;g ?c\LkgI ls Hjh gqB jkr~ ~ ~ fdlh
e0e ls flrkjs dh ft;k Hh rks ugC2 Ssls ckny f/js gT] Ssls va/sjs /u/ksj ckn
y f/js gT fdlh e0e ls flrkjs dh ft;k Hh rks ugC2 dksB NksIs7eksIs pedrs gq
S rkjs dh jks'uh Hh dgC fn[kB ugC i\Lrh4
mG ;s ohjkuh7S7ekgk,y~ ~ ~
;g okrkoj< dk lUkIk 4 mG ohjkuh7S7ekgk,y ;s ohjkuh7S fny2 vk,j u dso
y okrkoj< eX lUkIk g,] Hhrj fny Hh nck tkrk g,] vk,j ejk tkrk g,] Hhr
j fny eX Hh lUkIk g,4 ckgj Hh va/sjh jkr g,] Hhrj Hh va/sjh jkr g,4
vklekukX ls dHh uwj Hh cjlk gksxk4

vtgw psr xaokj
vkneh lksprk g, bl va/sjs eX fd dHh rks vkdk' ls uwj cjlk gksxk4 lqurs gT
dgkfu;ka] i\Prs gT dgkfu;ka A dHh rks cjlk gksxk4
vk,j rqe pfdr gksvksxs ;g tkudj fd Sslk rqe gh ugC lksprs fd dHh uwj cj
lk gksxk] iqjkus ls iqjkus 'k¬_ Hh ;gh dgrs gT fd igys vπNk Fk] vc lc [j
kc gks x;k4 phu eX lcls †;knk iqjkuh fdrkc g,4 og Sd gh iUk g, vk,j og
iUk Hh vkneh dh [ky ij fy[k x;k g,4 og dksB NA gtkj lky iqjkuk g,4
dgrs gT] og osn ls Hh †;knk iqjkuk g,4 vxj mls i\Pks rks c\Lh g,jkuh gksrh g,4
og Sslk ekywe i\Lrk g, fd vkt gh lqcg ds v[ckj dk laikndh; gks4 mleX
dgk g, fd 8csIs cki ds f[ykG gks xS gT] if®u;ka /ks[sckt] nxkckt gks xB gT4
oGk ugC jgh nqfu;k eX4 f'‘;kX eX xqQvkX ds izfr J0k ugC g,4 vπNs fnu dgka
[ks xS` gs izHq] ;s cqjs fnu D;kX vk xS gT`9 bleX rqégX \tjk Hh yxrk g, fd
iqjkuh ckrX gT` ;g NA gtkj lky iqjkuh ckr2 NA gtkj lky igys Hh vkneh
Sslk gh Fk] t,ls rqe gks4 ;gh rdyhGX FC] ;gh ijs'kfu;ka FC] ;gh >x\Ls Fs] ;
gh le¬;kSa FC4
exj vkneh dks dqN lgkjk Hh rks pkfgS4 rks lgkjs ds nks Pax gT4 ;k rks lkspks
fd igys] cgqr igys] izkphu] vfr izkphu le; eX] le; ds izkjaH eX lc Ohd
Fk] blls lgkjk feyrk g, fd pyks] dHh rks Ohd Fk4 vkt [jkc gks x;k] g
tZ ugC6 ysfdu dHh rks Ohd Fk4 dHh iqj[kX ds fnu rks Fs4
blfyS iqjkuh phu dh fdrkcX dgrh gT A iqj[kX ds fnu] mu iqjkus yksxkX ds fn
u] os c\Ls 'qH fnu Fs4 Sd rks ;g jk¬rk g, fd ihNs ns[ks] D;kXfd vkt rks dqN
jks'uh fn[k;h ugC i\Lrh4 nwljk Sd jk¬rk g, fd vkxs ns[ks] t,lk dé;qfu†e ns
[rk g, fd Hfo‘; eX vk jgk g, ¬o<Z;qx4 /eZ ihNs dh rjG ns[rs gT6 jktuhfr
vkxs dh rjG ns[rh g,6 exj nksukX eX dqN Hsn ugC g,4 vkt rks nksukX jkth gT f
d lc x\Lc\L g,4 /eZ dgrk g, A chrs dy eX lc Ohd Fk4 jktuhfr dgrh g, A
vkxs dy eX lc Ohd gksxk4 ysfdu vkt~ ~ ~ vkt ij nksukX lger gT4 chrk d
y Hh tk pqdk g,6 vk;k dy vk;k ugC4 tks tk pqdk g,] og rqégkjh /kj<k eX
g,] dHh Fk ugC4 vk,j tks vkusokyk g,] og Hh rqégkjh d¥iuk eX g,] dHh vkS
xk ugC4 vkrk rks lnk tks g,] og fc¥dqy vkt g,6 t,lk vkt g, Sslk gh nksgjk
rk g,4 cl vkt gh vkt4 ;gh lnk nksgjrk g,4
vklekukX ls dHh uwj Hh cjlk gksxk4
vkneh dks jkgr ds fyS] lka®ouk ds fyS dqN rks pkfgS2
cd∆ bygke Hh ygjk xB gksxh 'k;n2
vk,j dHh 'k;n vkdk'ok<h Hh gqB gksxh3t,lk osn dgrs gT] dqjku dgrh g,3b
ygke gqvk gksxk4
cd∆ bygke Hh ygjk x;h gksxh 'k;n4

vtgw psr xaokj
vk,j dHh fctyh dkT/h gksxh] ijek®ek dh vkokt vkB gksxh vk,j yksxkX dks lr
;qx ls Hj xB gksxh6 mOk xB gksxh4 yksxkX dks ifo_ dj xB gksxh4 vklekukX ls
dHh uwj Hh cjlk gksxk4
cd∆7bygke Hh ygjk x;h gksxh 'k;n
ysfdu vc nhn7S7gljr ls lw7S7v'Z u ns[2
ysfdu vc gjlr Hjh vka[kX ls vkdk' dh rjG er ns[ks4
ysfdu vc nhn7S7gljr ls lw7S7v'Z u ns[
vc ogka Sd va/sjs ds flok dqN Hh ugC4
;gh g, dfy;qx dh /kj<k fd vc vk,j er ns[ks vkdk' dh rjG4 vc u rks
cd∆7bygke ygjkrh g,] u fdrkcX mrjrh gT] u i,xacj vkrs gT] u nsork m\Lrs
gT] u ifj;ka mrjrh gT] u i,xacj] u rhFΩdj4 vc rks va/sjk gh va/sjk g,4
ysfdu tgka va/sjk g,] ogka jks'uh Hh gksrh g,4 tgka jkr xgjh va/sjh gks tkrh g,
] ogC lqcg djhc vkus yxrh g,4 tc jkr cgqr va/sjh gks tkS rks ?c\Lk er
tkuk6 ;g lqcg ds djhc vkus dk lcwr g,4 vk,j tc jkr cgqr va/sjh gks rks ?
c\Lkuk er6 [kstuk] ;gh ek,dk g,] dgC dksB tyrh gqB fdj< fey tkS4 fnu
eX rks [kstuk cgqr eqfædy gks tkSxk4 jkr dks volj cukvks4
[kstks2 vkdk' ij f?j xS gT ckny vk,j rkjs ugC fn[k;h i\Lrs4 fdügC vka[kX
eX [kstks rks 'k;n rkjk fey tkS3vk,j Sslk rkjk tks dHh ugC cq>rk4 fdlh
Ôn; eX >kadks4
bd u bd tjkZ ;gka vc Hh nedrk gksxk4
dksB u dksB NksIk d< vc Hh nedrk gksxk4

vtgw psr xaokj
bd u bd tjkZ ;gka vc Hh nedrk gksxk
dksB tqxuw fdlh xks's eX pedrk gksxk4
fdlh dh xksn eX c,Ok gqvk dksB tqxuw pedrk gksxk4
vk,j Sslk gh lnk ls Fk4 dHh fdlh cq0 dh xksn eX c,Odj pedrk Fk tqxuw4
dHh fdlh ∂kb¬I dh xksn eX c,Odj pedrk Fk twxuw4 vc Hh pedrk g,4 vka
[ pkfgS2 [kst pkfgS2
bd u bd tjkZ ;gka vc Hh nedrk gksxk
dksB tqxuw fdlh xks's eX pedrk gksxk]
;g grk'k Nks\Lks fd dfy;qx g,] vc D;k gksxk2 ;s teC uwj ls egWe ugC gks
ldrh4 ;g vlaHo g, fd jks'uh fc¥dqy feI tkS4 de gks ldrh g,] cgqr de
gks ldrh g,] cgqr7cgqr de gks ldrh g,3feI ugC ldrh4 jks'uh feI tkS
rks thou gh feI tkS4 jks'uh feI ugC ldrh4 tc rd psruk g,] tc rd gks
' g,] rc rd jks'uh feI ugC ldrh4
\tjk gks' dks lqyxkvks4 \tjk vka[ Ohd ls [ksyks4 \tjk ns[us ds uS Pax lh[ks4 \
tjk ns[us dh u;h ',yh lh[ks4 ;k rks izse ls Hjks vka[ dks] ;k rks ÷;ku ls Hj
ks vka[ dks4
fdlh tkackt ds ekFs is 'gknr dk tyky
fdlh fgéeroj ds ekFs ij vHh Hh rqégX ogh fgéer fey tkSxh] tks ealwj eX
Fh4
fdlh tkackt ds ekFs is 'gknr dk tyky
fdlh lkglh dh vka[kX eX rqégX ogh lkgl fn[ tkSxk tks thll dks lwyh ij
yIdrs oDr Fk4
vk,j fdlh etcwj ds lhus eX cxkor dh rjax
vk,j vHh Hh fdlh ds Ôn; eX rqégX cxkor vk,j fo–ksg dh rjax fey tkSxh4
vHh Hh dgC dksB eq¬dqjkrk g,4
d¥cs mæ'kd eX egcwc ls feyus dh meax4
vk,j vHh Hh izsfe;kX ds Ôn; eX ijek®ek ls feyus dh vk'k g,4
d¥cs mæ'kd eX egcwc ls feyus dh meax

vtgw psr xaokj
[kstks] dgC dksB HDr fey tkSxk] tks vc Hh viuh mikluk eX c\Lh vk'k ls
lay≈u g,6 ftlds izse us mlds lkeus j[h ew√r dks thoar dj fn;k g,6 ftldh
ok<h ls ejs gqS 'çn ugC fudyrs6 ftldh ok<h eX ftldk Ôn; maLyk tkrk
g,4
d¥cs mæ'kd eX egcwc ls feyus dh meax4
D;k rqe lksprs gks tehu ij Sd Hh HDr ugC` D;k rqe lksprs gks tehu ij
Sd Hh ehjk ugC` D;k rqe lksprs gks tehu ij Sd Hh p,rü; ugC` Sslk rks
dHh ugC gqvk4 Sslk dHh gks Hh ugC ldrk4
Ssls HDr Hh rqégX fey tkSaxs] ftügX Ssls ikikX ds laca/ eX iæpkrki g,] tks mügkX
us fdS gh ugC4 vkt Hh2 ekuk] Ssls yksx Hh gT fd iki djrs gT vk,j iNrkrs
ugC6 os dfy;qx eX jgrs gT4 vk,j Ssls yksx Hh gT fd Ssls ikikX ds fyS iNrkrs
gT tks mügkXus fdS gh ugC6 os lr;qx eX jgrs gT4
dkaIs dh rjg pqHrs gT Ssls iki] tks mügkXus fdS gh ugC3Ssls ljy Ôn; yksx
Hh vHh fey tkSaxs3tks jks jgs gT vk,j dgrs gT geX {ek djks4 vk,j mügkssaus dqN
Sslk fd;k gh ugC] ftlds fyS mügX {ek dh tk lds4
exj ;gh rks HfDr dh vkf[jh MapkB g,] tgka u fdS iki ds fyS vkneh {ek
ekaxrk g,4 vHfDr dh vkf[jh uhpkB] tgka fdS gqS iki dk Hh iæpkrki ugC
gksrk4
fny eX Sd Gkg'k ds igyh eksgçcr dk [;ky
dgC Sglkl dk 'ksyk gh Gjkstka gksxk4
vk,j dgC rks vuqHwfr tyrh gksxh] Gjkstka gksxh] jks'u gksxh2
dgC Sglkl dk 'ksyk gh Gjkstka gksxk
dgC vGdkj dh danhy gh jks'u gksxh4
vk,j dgC rks Vpru7euu dk nh;k tyrk gksxk2

vtgw psr xaokj
dgC vGdkj dh danhy gh jks'u gksxh

dksB tqxuw] dksB tjkZ rks nedrk gksxk4
;s teC uwj ls egWe ugC gks ldrh
;g i1ƒoh dHh Hh izHq ds izdk' ls [kyh ugC jgh] u dHh [kyh jgsxh4 ijek®
ek us bl i1ƒoh dks dHh Hh cfg‘Îr ugC fd;k g,4 blfyS dfy;qx dh D;k ck
rX mOkrs gks4
iwNrs gks A 8D;k bl dfy;qx eX Hh dksB izHq dks miyç/ gks ldrk g,`9
izHq 'kæor g,4 le; ds ckgj g,4 tks Hh vkneh le; ds ckgj mO tkS] dHh
Hh ijek®ek dks miyç/ gks ldrk g,4 lc le; cjkcj g, ckgj tkus ds fyS4
blfyS rks iyIwnkl us dgk fd egwjr b®;kfn lc ø;FZ gT4 Nks\L ;g ikxyiu4
;g egwjr dh ckr fGj ys vkS4 rqe fGj mOkus yxs dfy;qx2
iyIwnkl dgrs gTA le; egwjr ø;FZ lc2 vlyh ckr dh fG∂ djks4 d,ls le;
ds ckgj vk tkvks] bldh fG∂ djks4 vk,j le; ds ckgj tc Hh fdlh dks vku
k i\Lk g, rks ;gh v\LpuX FC6 tks vkt gT ogh dy FC4 rqe D;k lksprs gks] vkt
ls ikap gtkj lky igys] tc dksB vkneh ÷;ku djus c,Ork Fk rks mlds eu
eX Vpru ugC mOrk Fk] fopkj ugC mOrs Fs` fopkj vk,j phtkX ds mOrs Fs4 d
kj dk ugC mOrk Fk fopkj] ;g iDdk g,] D;kXfd dkj ugC Fh] ysfdu c,yxk\Lh
dk mOrk Fk A 8Sd Nd\Lk [jhn ywa 29 ekuk fd jk‘I≠ifr gksus dk [;ky ugC
mOrk Fk] ysfdu jktk gksus dk [;ky mOrk Fk4 GdZ D;k g,` Hsn D;k i\Lrk
g,` jktuhfr bruh gh Fh] dqN blls de u Fh4 vkneh ds eu eX egÂokdka{k
Sa bruh FC] dqN blls de u FC4
vdlj rqe bl Hwy eX i\L tkrs gks] D;kXfd rqégX [;ky vkrk g, fd eT tc c,O
rk gwa rks [;ky vkrk g, fd Sd dkj dc [jhn ikMaxk6 fdrus Hys yksx jgs g
kXxs ikap gtkj lky igys] fd yksx tc c,Ors gkXxs] dkj b®;kfn dh Vprk gh ug
C mOrh Fh] vc ;g Vprk mOrh g,] dfy;qx vk x;k2 ij dkj vk,j c,yxk\Lh d
h Vprk eX rks dksB GdZ g,4 dkj vk,j c,yxk\Lh eX GdZ gksxk] ysfdu dkj vk,j c,
yxk\Lh dh fpark eX rks dksB GdZ ugC4 rc Hh vkneh r\Lirk Fk fd esjs ikl S
d 'kunkj ?ks\Lk ugC g,4 rqe jksrs gks fd vc fGSI ugC g,4 og vkneh jksrk F
k fd ?ks\Lk ugC g,4 GdZ dqN ugC g,4 blfyS rks fGSI dks Hh ge dgrs gT fd
fdrus gkŒlZikŒoj dh g,4 ogh ?ks\Ls dk gh ekeyk g,4 vHh Hh Hk"k ogh g,A 8fdr

vtgw psr xaokj
us ?ks\Ls dh rkdr g, bleX`9 mu fnukX Hh ftlds ikl vjch ?ks\Lk Fk] mldh '
ku vk,j Fh4 baiksI∆I ?ks\Ls gksrs Fs] baiksI∆L xkf\L;ka gksrh gT6 dqN GdZ ugC gksrk4
vkneh dh VprkSa ogh dh ogh gT4 ml fnu Hh vkneh dks bruk tYkstgn dju
k i\Lrk Fk eu ds ckgj vkus ds fyS4 D;k rqe lksprs gks fd rqe tc c,Ors gks]
fG¥e vfHusf_;kX ds [;ky vkrs gT] rks ml fnu lqanj f¬_;ka u FC` ml fnu
Hh lqanj f¬_;ka FC4 ml fnu Hh muds laca/ eX o,lh gh okluk mOrh Fh t,lh
vkt mOrh g,4 lc Sslk gh Fk4 tks cnykgIX gqB gT] os ckgj gqB gT4 vkneh ds
eu eX dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4
gka] vxj cq0 dks vkt fGj okfil vkuk i\Ls rks os dB phtX u igpku ikSaxs4
vxj rqe mügX Sd g,fydkŒîIj fn[kvksxs rks os ugC igpku ikSaxs4 os pkTddj [\
Ls gks tkSaxs fd ;g D;k g,4 ¬okHkfod4 ysfdu vxj rqe mügX vkneh dk eu fn
[ykvksxs rks rqe le>rs gks] os pkTdXxs` os pkTdXxs tWj3bl ckr ls pkTdXxs fd
vjs] iπphl lk, lky gks xS] vkneh dk eu o,lk dk o,lk] \tjk Hh cnyk ugC
g,2 ogh nk,\L] ogh egÂokdka{k] ogh B‘;kZ] ogh ∂ks/] ogh eksg] ogh yksH2 D;k
GdZ g,`
ml fnu izHq dks miyç/ gks ldrs Fs yksx6 vkt Hh miyç/ gks ldrs gT4
eT fGj nksgjk nwa A rqe cpus dh dksf'' u djks4 rqe cgkus u [kstks4 vxj izHq
dks miyç/ ugC gksuk pkgrs] rks Hh ;gh ¬ohdkj djks eu eX fd eT ugC miyç
/ gksuk pkgrk] blfyS ugC gks jgk gwa4 ekfyd rks jgks4 ekyfd;r rks u [ks n
ks4 fGj fdlh fnu ;g ekyfd;r i\L tkSxh6 ftl fnu gksuk pkgksxs miyç/ ml
fnu gks ldksxs4 ;g dfy;qx b®;kfn dh vk\LX er yks] ;s vk\LX [rjukd gT4
nwljk izæuA dy vkius crk;k fd d,ls eksf\t\t ds [aLu o vkykspuk ls x\LfjS
dh xzkeh< vk,j ljy izkFZuk dks gkfu igqaph4 vk,j fd ijek®ek us eksf\t\t dks l
ko/ku fd;k fd og yksxkX dh o,;fDrd vk¬Fk dks [afLr u djs4 blh lanHZ eX
;kn vkrk g, fd vkius izFe ia–g o"k˜ eX lkjs ns' eX ?wedj yksxkX dh iwtk] m
ikluk] vk¬Fk o ijaijk dk dOksj [aLu o vkykspuk dh Fh4 Îi;k le>kSa fd
blds ihNs vkidk D;k vfHizk; Fk`
tWj ijek®ek us eksf\t\t dks LkaIk7GIdkjk] fd rwus Ohd ugC fd;k] fd ml l
jy Ôn; dh izkFZuk [afLr dj nh4 ysfdu eq>s ijek®ek us \tjk Hh LkaIk7GIdk
jk ugC g,4 D;kXfd eTus ftudh izkFZuk [afLr djus dh dksf'' dh] os ljy7Ôn;
yksx ugC Fs4 os x\LfjS t,ls ugC Fs4 os >wOs ik[aLh yksx gT4 ijek®ek us rks dB
ckj eq>ls dgk fd Ohd fd;k] 'kck'2
GdZ [;ky eX ys ysuk4 fdlh ljy Ôn; dh izkFZuk er [afLr djuk4 exj >wO
h ik[afL;kX dh izkFZuk rks [afLr djuh gh gksxh6 ugC rks os dHh ljy Ôn; u
gks ldXxs4 ljy7Ôn; dh eTus dHh [afLr ugC dh4 tc Hh eTus dksB ljy Ôn;

vtgw psr xaokj
vkneh ns[k] rks eTus mlls dgk A rqe t,lk dj jgs gks] o,lk gh djrs jgks6 rqé
gX \tjk Hh cnyus dh tWjr ugC g,4 blfyS dHh7dHh esjs ikl v\Lpu Hh gks
tkrh g, yksxkX dks4 Sd vkneh iwNrk g, Sd ckr vk,j mlls eT dg nsrk gwa fd
Ohd g,] rqe Sslk gh djks4 nwljk dgrk g, ogh ckr vk,j mlls eT dgrk gwa] Ssl
k Hwydj er djuk4 vk,j c\Lh v\Lpu [\Lh gksrh g,4 os lksprs gT fd eT fojks/k
Hklh oDrø; nsrk gwa4
ftldh lπph g, izkFZuk] gk√nd g, izkFZuk] mldks eT Nwrk ugC4 eT dgrk gwaA 8Oh
d] bleX iwjs Lwc tkvks4 vk,j fdl rjg lkF nwa rqégX fd rqe Lwc tkvks49 vk,j f
tldh izkFZuk >wOh g, mls rks eq>s rks\Luk gh i\Lrk g,4 eksf\t\t us ljy7Ôn; vk
neh dh izkFZuk rks\Lh Fh4 eT mu ykssxkX dh izkFZuk rks\L jgk gwa ftudks eksf\t\t t,
ls yksx izkFZuk fl[k xS6 ftudh izkFZuk >wOh gks x;h g,4
rqe Sslk le>ks4 dgkuh eX bruk vk,,j tks\L nks4 dgkuh gh g,] tks\Lus eX Lj Hh
D;k2 fd tc eksf\t\t pyk x;k rks eT x;k ml x\LfjS ds ikl vk,j eTus mlls
dgkA 8GXd ;g cdokl tks eksf\t\t us rq>s fl[k;h g,4 bleX dqN lkj ugC g,4 rw
vius ljy7Ôn; ds HkokX eX okfil yk,I tk49 rks eT Hh [aLu dj jgk gwa vk,j
eksf\t\t us Hh [aLu fd;k4 eksf\t\t us [aLu fd;k Sd vkneh dh lh/h7ljy v
k¬Fk dk] funk∆" vk¬Fk dk4 eT [aLu dj jgk gwa eksf\t\t ds }kjk fn;k x;k ikafL
®;4 eT [afLr dj jgk gwa Sd >wOh izkFZuk4 eT Hh [afLr dj jgk gwa] eksf\t\t Hh
[afLr dj jgs gT4 rks vxj [aLu gh ns[ksxs rks Vprk i,nk gksxh4 ysfdu eT [aL
u dk [aLu dj jgk gwa4
rdZ eX Sd fu;e gksrk g, A fuxs'u vkŒG fuxs'u -fu"s/ dk fu"s/=4 fu"s/ dks
fu"s/ ls dkI nsus ij tks 's" jg tkrk g,] ogh ije fo/s; g,4
rqels fdlh us dg fn;k ijek®ek ugC g,4 rqe ekurs Fs ijek®ek g,4 fdlh us d
g fn;k ijek®ek ugC g,4 mlus [aLu dj fn;k4 rqe esjs ikl vkS4 vc rqe ek
urs gks fd ijek®ek ugC g,4 eTus bldk [aLu dj fn;k4 eTus dgk fd ugC] ;g
rqégkjh /kj<k xyr g,4 eTus Hh [aLu fd;k4 ysfdu fu"s/ dk fu"s/4 rqe okfi
l viuh ljy7fpRrk ij igqap xS4
ftu yksxkX dh J0k dks eTus [afLr fd;k] mueX J0k Fh gh ugC4 tc Hh eTus
ik;k] vk,j og rks dHh feyrk g, Sslk vkneh~ ~ ~4 eksf\t\t dks Hh ckj7ckj ug
C feyrk fGj6 Sd gh nGk feyrk g, iwjs eksf\t\t dh Vtnxh eX og x\Lfj;k4 vk,
j ijek®ek dks Sd gh nGk LkaIuk i\Lrk g, eksf\t\t dks] fGj ugC LkaIrs os4 D;kX
` D;kXfd o,lk ljy7Ôn; dHh7dHkj~ ~ ~4 v\Lpu gksrh g,4
eT Sd f'foj eX Fk4 eT cksyk4 ekFsjku eX f'foj Fk4 lqcg eT cksyk vk,j eTus d
gk A 8u fdlh dh iwtk] u fdlh dk pj<7oanu] u dksB izkFZuk] u dksB vk¬Fk4
lc Nks\L nks4 lcls eqDr gks tkvks49 ;g cksydj eT fudyk ckgj4 blh flyfl
ys eX lkjk oDrø; Fk4 vk,j t,ls gh eT ckgj vk;k] lksgu ogka [\Lh Fh] mlus

vtgw psr xaokj
>qddj esjs i,j NqS4 Vgnh vk,j ejkOh ds tkus7ekus ys[d +"Hnkl jkadk esjs i
kl [\Ls Fs4 mügkXus dgk A 8vki jksdrs D;kX ugC` vHh vkius le>k;k4 vki jks
drs D;kX ugC`9 eTus dgk A 8bldks eT u jksdwaxk4 mldh vka[ ls vkalw cgs tk j
gs gT4 og esjs i,j Nw jgh g, vk,j eT i,j Nwus ds f[ykG cksyk gwa4 vHh cksydj g
h vk jgk gwa vk,j ogh lqudj gh og esjs i,j Nw jgh g,4 og bruh izHkfor gks x
;h g, lqudj2 og brus Hko ls Hj x;h g, fd i,j Nw jgh g,29
+"Hnkl dh ckr Ohd g,] rdZ;qDr g,4 eT fdldh ekuwa` vk,j +"Hnkl dk ek
eyk fc¥dqy lkG g,4 vnkyr eX +"Hnkl thrXxs] D;kXfd eT vHh cksydj vk
jgk gwa4 vHh nsj Hh ugC gqB g,6 vHh 'çn xwat gh jgs gT4 vHh yksx fudy gh
jgs gT vk,j lkeus gh ;g lkssgu [\Lh g, vk,j ;g vka[ vkalw ls Hjs gqS] i,j Nw j
gh g,4 ij eTus muls dgk A 8bls eT ugC jksdwaxk4 vxj vki esjs i,j NqSa] eT jksdwa
xk49
os tks ml fnu ls ukjkt eq>ls gqS] fGj dHh vkS ugC4 mudks rks yxk fd ;g
vkneh fojks/kHklh g,4 os rks Hkx gh xS4 fGj nqckjk eq>s muds n'Zu ugC gqS
4 tc eTus muls ;g dgk fd vki vxj esjs i,j NqSa] eT fc¥dqy jksd nwaxk6 D;kXf
d og >wOk gksxk] og ik[aL gksxk4 mleX dqN eryc gksxk4 mleX dqN gsrq gksxk
4 vki vxj i,j Nqvksxs rks dqN eryc ls Nqvksxs] dqN ¬okFZ gksxk4 ;s tks i,j Nq
S tk jgs gT] bleX dqN gsrq ugC g,6 ;g flGZ Hko dh ckr g,4 ;g Nw jgh g, i,j
] Sslk Hh ugC g,4 ;g i,j NqS tk jgs gT4 bleX dksB Hhrj drkZ Hh ugC g,4 ;g
cqf0 ls ugC mrj jgh g, ckr4 cqf0 ls rks mrjrh gh d,ls] D;kXfd vHh rks eT
le>k dj vk jgk gwa6 cqf0ekukX dks le>k dj vk jgk gwa4 ;g Ôn; ls vk jg
h g,4 Ôn; dk eTus dHh [aLu ugC fd;k g,4
blfyS eT rqels dguk pkgrk gwa A Hxoku lnk eq>ls dgrk jgk g, fd Ohd fd
;k] Ohd fd;k4
Sd rks izse gksrk g, vk,j Sd drZø;4 tc rqe dRZø; ls izkFZuk djrs gks] >wOh g
ks tkrh g,6 tc rqe izse ls djrs gks] lπph gks tkrh g,4 izkFZuk ogh gks] 'k;n
'çn ogh gks] Pax ogh gks] vk,ipkfjd Pkapk ogh gks4 blfyS vka[ ns[uk HDr
dh] Hko ns[uk HDr dk4 Î®; er ns[uk4 Î®; ls rks x\Lc\L gks tkSxh4 Î®;
eX rks dksB GdZ u yxsxk6 iqtkjh vk,j HDr nksukX Sd ls yxXxs4 iqtkjh dks rqe
lk, QiS eghus ns nsrs gks4 og vkrk g, vk,j d,lk xn.xn. Hko fn[ykrk g, izkFZu
k djrs oDr vxj rqeus dgk gks fd vkalw Hh cgus pkfgS] rks vkalw Hh cgkrk
g,4 fGj pkgs vkalw cgkus ds fyS vka[ eX dqN yxkuk i\Lrk gks] dksB gtkZ ugC4
vkf[j vfHusrk Hh djrs gT uA tc jksuk i\Lrk g, vk,j dqN mik; ugC gksrk rks
vka[ eX dqN yxkrs gT] rks vkalw cgus yxrs gT4 iqtkjh xn.xn. gksdj ukprk g,6
exj og lc xn.xn. gksuk ckgj7ckgj g,4 vk,j vxj xn.xn. Hh gks jgk g, rks bl

vtgw psr xaokj
fyS gks jgk g, fd pyks] uk,djh fey xB4 xn.xn. gks jgk g, fd vc lk, QiS fe
yus gh okys gT4
HDr Hh ukprk g,4 HDr Hh xn.xn. gksrk g,4 exj blds xn.xn. gksus eX ckr vk,
j g,4 bleX dqN gsrq ugC g,4 ;g tks lq[ bleX izdI gks jgk g,] ;g vk,j gh lq[
g,4 vk,j nksukX ckgj ls Sd t,ls ekywe gks ldrs gT4 blfyS ckgj ls er ns[uk
4 HDr dh tkr er iwNuk4 HDr dk Pax er iwNuk4 iwN yhftS Hko2 mldk
Hko gh iwNuk4
g, vnwg eqljZr dk 's[ gks x;k cjge
gkF eX vxj [kyh tke Hh fy;k eTus4
og tks iafLr g,] og tks ek,yoh g,3's[3og ukjkt gks x;k] Q‘I gks x;k4
g, vnwg eqljZr dk~ ~ ~4 og fdlh Hh rjg ls lq[ ds Hko dk nqæeu g,4 's[ g
ks x;k cjge] gkF eX vxj [kyh tke Hh fy;k eTus2 vxj [kyh tke Hh ml
ds gkF eX ns[k rks og ukjkt gks x;k4 og ;g rks ns[rk gh ugC fd tke Hjk
g, fd [kyh g,4
vc fdlh dks D;k crykMa fny is vius D;k xqtjh4
Vtnxh Gjhtk Fh vk,j th fy;k eTus4
vk,j vc eT fdldks D;k crykMa fd fny ij vius D;k xqtjh~ ~ ~ fd d,lh df
Oukb;kX eX fny chrk4 Vtnxh Gjhtk Fh~ ~ ~ Sd dRZø; ek_ Fh~ ~ ~ vk,j th f
y;k eTus4
dRZø; Hko dh rjg tks th jgk g, Vtnxh dks] mldh Vtnxh c\Lh d‘Iiw<Z g,4 D
;kXfd dRZø; eX jl rks gksrk ugC4 ;gh rks rqégkjh xfr g,4 ;gh rks rqégkjh nqxZf
r g,4 nqdku ij c,Os gks] dke dj jgs gks] dksB iwNs rks dksB jl ugC g,4 dgrs
gks A 8D;k djX] vc 'knh dj yh] vc cπps gT] i®uh g,] djuk i\Lrk g,4 dRZø;
Hko ls dj jgs gT49 rks lc jl pyk x;k4 vxj ;gh rqe izse7Hko ls dj jgs
gksrs] rks c\Lk jl gksrk4
thou eX jl cgrk g,] tgka izse gksrk g,4 vk,j tgka drZø; gksrk g,] ogka jl lw[
tkrk g,4 rqégkjh Vtnxh tks eQ¬Fy t,lh gks x;h g,] blhfyS fd rqe tks Hh
dj jgs gks] lc dRZø; g,4 firk g, rks budh lsok djuh g,4 eka g,] rks budh ls
ok djuh g,4 i®uh g,] rks vc D;k djks] cka/ fy;k pDdj rks vc bldk dqN
u dqN rkss djuk gh i\Lsxk2 cπps gks xS] rks vc bügX ¬dwy rks i\Pkuk gh i\Lsxk]
budh 'knh Hh djuh i\Lsxh4 lc 8djuk i\Lsxk92 exj vc jl rqégX fdlh ckr
eX ugC g,4 rqégkjk thou vxj eQ¬Fy gks tkS rks vkæp;Z D;k2 ;g izseh dk
Pax ugC g,4 izseh dk Pax vk,j g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
egkjk‘I≠ eX dFk g, foOksck ds eafnj dh] fd HDr viuh eka ds i,j nkc jgk g,
vk,j jkst iqdkjrk g, Î‘< dks4 vk,j ml jkr Î‘< dks ek,t vk x;h vk,j os vk
xS4 vk,j mügkXus njoktk [I[Ik;k4 njoktk can ugC Fk] vIdk gh Fk4 HDr
us dgkA Hhrj vk tkvks] dk,u g,` ysfdu tc Î‘< vkS rks HDr dh ihO mu
dh rjG] og viuh eka ds i,j nck jgk Fk4 Î‘< us dgk A eT Î‘< gwa] rw jkst7
jkst iqdkjrk g,] vk x;k4 HDr us dgk A vHh csoDr vkS4 vHh eT eka ds i,j
nkc jgk gwa4 fGj dHh vkuk4 ;g viwoZ J0k] ;g eka ds i,j nkcus eX Hko3eksg
fy;k Î‘< dks2 Î‘< us dgk A rks eT Qdk tkrk gwa] rw igys viuh eka dh lsok
dj ys4 rks mlus ikl eX j[h Sd bΩI ljdk nh vk,j dgk fd bl ij c,O tkv
ks] rkss Î‘< ml bΩI ij [\Ls jgs] [\Ls jgs4 blfyS foOksck ds eafnj eX tks ew√r
g,] og vc Hh bΩI ij [\Lh g,4
;g dRZø; rks ugC Fk4 bleX Sslk izse Fk fd fGj eka ds pj<kX eX tks izse g,]
ml izse eX vk,sj ijek®ek ds izse eX dksB fojks/ Fks\Ls gh jg tkrk g,4 os Sd gh
gks xS4 tgka izse g,] ogka le¬r izse Sd gh gks tkrs gT4 os Sd gh lfjrk dh r
jaxX gT4
rks izkFZuk tks dRZø; ls djrs gT3dgrs gT Vgnw gT] blfyS tkuk i\Lrk g, eafnj6
dgrs gT eqlyeku g,] blfyS jetku j[uk i\Lrk g,] jkstk j[uk i\Lrk g,6 dg
rs gT t,u g,] blfyS i;wZ"< dk ozr ikyuk i\Lrk g,] 8djuk i\Lrk g,93 mudk
eTus [aLu fd;k ia–g o"k˜ rd4 mudk [aLu djuk tWjh Fk4 muds [aLu ls gh
eTus os yksx [ksts] tks >wO dks Nks\Lus dks r,;kj gT vk,j lp dh rjG tkus ds f
yS ftueX lkgl g,4 blfyS vc tkuk eTus candj fn;k dgC Hh4 ftu7ftu ds
}kj [Idkus Fs] [Idk vk;k4 [cj ns vk;k fd ;g danhy ty x;h g,] dHh va
/sjs ls ijs'kuh gks rks vk tkuk4 vc mudh ejth4 vc mudh ek,t4
ysfdu eTus ftu izkFZukvkX dk [aLu fd;k Fk] os izkFZukSa ugC FC] bls ;kn j[u
k4 vk,j ftu f∂;kdkaLkX dk eTus fojks/ fd;k g,] os f∂;kdkaL gh Fs] blfyS fojks
/ fd;k g,4 vü;Fk esjs eu eX fdlh pht dk dksB fojkss/ ugC g,4 gks d,ls ldr
k g,2 tgka l®; dh >yd g,] esjk mls leFZu g,4
oks ftügX nkok7S7vuygd Fk
[wu ls vius [sy dj gksyh
dk,y ij vius tku gkj xS
lj ls dt∆7vrk mrkj xS

vtgw psr xaokj
eqYB ;kus7ljd'h vc Hh
xhrnkjks7jlu ds xkrs gT
uæ'k7S7eT tc cgdrs gT
lw7S7eDry dne c\Pkrs gT
ysfdu vdlj ;s yksx eDry ls
clyker gh yk,I vkrs gT
dc utl [wu ls dksB] viuh
rsx dks nkxnkj djrk g,4
oks ftügX nkok7S vuygd Fk2~ ~ ~
ealwj vyfg¥ykl3Ssls yksx ftügkXus dgk vuygd6 ftügkXus dgk eT l®; gwa6 ftüg
kssaus dgk vga cz‰kf¬e] eT cz‰ gwa6 ftügkXus l®; dk Sslk nkok fd;k Fk6 tks l®;
ds Ssls nkosnkj Fs4
oks ftügX nkok7S7vuygd Fk
[wu ls vius [sy dj gksyh
dk,y ij vius tku gkj xS
lj ls dt∆7vrk mrkj xS
mügkXus lkjk dtZ mrkj fn;k lalkj dk4 os vius [wu ls gksyh [sy xS4 mügkXus
l®; ds fyS viuh tku ns nh4 l®; ds fyS dqN Hh fn;k tk ldrk g,4 l®;
ds fyS lc dqN fn;k tk ldrk4
eqYB ;kus7ljd'h vc Hh4~ ~ ~ ysfdu yksx gT vHh Hh tks dgrs gT fd ge Hh
flj dIk ldrs gT6 tkss dgrs gT ge Hh nkosnkj gT 'gknr ds4
eqYB ;kus7ljd'h vc Hh

vtgw psr xaokj
xhrnkjks7jlu ds xkrs gT
os vc Hh dgrs gT fd ge Hh mlh n'k eX gT] tgka ealwj Fs4 u'k7S7eT eX tc
cgdrs gT~ ~ ~4 vk,j tc dHh 'jkc ih ysrs gT rks c\Lh Maph ckrX djrs gT4 ealw
j us Hh Sd 'jkc ih Fh4 og 'jkc vkdk' ls mrjrh g,4 ;k og 'jkc vk®ek
dh xgurk eX Pkyh tkrh g,4 vk,j ;s tkdj e;[kus eX 'jkc ih vkrs gT4
xhrksnkjks7jlu ds xkrs gT
u'k7S7eT eX tc cgdrs gT
lw7S eDry dne c\Pkrs gT
vk,j tc 'jkc ds u's eX Fks\Ls cgd tkrs gT] Hwy tkrs gT] gks' [ks nsrs gT3rks
dgrs gT A ge tkrs gT 'gknr dks4 ysfdu vdlj ;s yksx edry ls clyker g
h yk,I vkrs gT4 ysfdu 'gknr7cgknr budh dHh gksrh ugC4 b/j o m/j ukyh
eX fxj7fxjk dj lqcg vius ?j okfil vk tkrs gT4
dc utl [wu ls dksB] viuh
rsx dks nkxnkj djrk g,2
;s dHh ryokj dks vius [wu ls xank ugC gksus nsrs4 ;s c\Ls gksf';kj yksx gT4 ;s
ckr gh ckr djrs gT4 buds thou eX dHh dqN ?Irk ugC3flok; fnekxh dlj
r ds4 buds thou eX dHh dksB ∂kafr ugC mrjrh4 'gknr dh ckrX djrs gT v
k,j 'gknr dh ckrX djus eX dq'y gks tkrs gT4 tc dHh u's eX cgd tkrs gT]
rks ;g Hh dgrs gT fd vc ge tkrs gT6 vc ge pys lwyh ij4 vk,j lqcg okfi
l ?j yk,I vkrs gT4 ;s dHh lwyh b®;kfn ij dgC tkrs ugC4
GdZ dks ns[uk4 'jkc ds u's eX rqe fdruh gh Maph ckrX cksyks] mudk dksB ew¥
; ugC g,4 u's eX cksyh x;h ckrkX dk D;k ew¥; gks ldrk g,2 rqe tc ijek®ek
dh izkFZuk dj jgs gks] gks' eX gks` D;k dj jgs gks` ;g iqdkj rqégkjs varjr
e ls mOh g, ;k ;wa gh fn[kok dj jgs gks` tku xaok nsus dh r,;kjh g, ;k ;wa gh
ckrphr dk etk ys jgs gks`
tWj eTus mu yksxkX dk [aLu fd;k] tks ø;FZ dh ckrkX eX i\L xS gT6 ftügX dqN
Hh irk ugC g,6 tks 'k¬_h; Kku c?kj jgs gT6 ftügX Sd d< Hh l®; dk ¬okn
ugC feyk g,6 ftuds ikl flok; 'k¬_h; ¬e1fr ds vk,j dqN Hh ugC g,4 mudk
eTus fufæpr fojks/ fd;k4
tc eTus dk'h ds iafLrkX dk fojks/ fd;k ;k txr.xqQ iqjh ds 'adjkpk;Z dk foj
ks/ fd;k3rks vkfn 'adjkpk;Z dk fojks/ ugC fd;k g,4 rks eTus mifu"n ds +f"

vtgw psr xaokj
;kX dk fojks/ ugC fd;k g,4 lp rks ;g g, fd mifu"n ds +f";kX ds i{ eX b
u ik[afL;kX dk fojks/ fd;k g,4 vkfn 'adjkpk;Z ds i{ eX iqjh ds txr. xqQ dk
fojks/ fd;k g,4 [aLu fd;k g, ik[aL dk4 ik[aL IwI tkS rks ln. /eZ izdI gks
rk g,4
rhljk izæu A Kkuh rks ifjokj] lekt ls Hkxrk g,6 ysfdu HDr u rks ifjokj]
lekt ls Hkxrk g,] u dgC vkrk u dgC tkrk] ogC dk ogC cuk jgrk g,] f
Gj Hh miyç/ gks tkrk g,4 HDr ds ikl Sslk D;k cy g,`
HDr ds ikl Hxoku dk cy g,4 Kkuh vius lgkjs pyrk g,4 HDr Hxoku ds l
gkjs pyrk g,4 Kkuh vdsyk g,4 HDr vdsyk ugC g,4 Kkuh Ssls gT t,ls dksB iro
kj ls uko pykrk g,4 HDr Ssls gT t,ls mlus e¬rwy cka/ fnS vk,j gokSa mldh
uko dks pykrh gT4 bl GdZ dks [;ky eX ys ysuk4
tc rqe irokj ls uko pykrs gks] rc rqégkjh gh HqtkvkX ij fuHZj jguk i\Lsxk
4 Fdksxs] ijs'ku gksvksxs] ilhus ls yFiF gksvksxs4 dHh LkaL j[ Hh nsus i\LXxs4
dHh foJke Hh djuk gksxk4 dHh gkjksxs Hh4 dHh nwljk fdukjk NwIrk Hh yx
us yxsxk4 dHh feyrk g,] dHh NwIrk g,4 la?"Z gksxk] Je gksxk4
HDr irokj ugC pykrk] pîiw gkF eX ugC ysrk4 HDr rks iky cka/ nsrk g,6 H
xoku dh gokSa mls ys pykrh gT4
jkeÎ‘< us dgk g, fd rw D;kX irokj pykrk g,` tc mldh gokSa ml rjG ys
tkus dks r,;kj gT rks iky D;kX ugC [ksyrk`
;g GdZ g,4
Kkuh vius Hjksls pyrk g,4 Kkuh ;kuh iqQ"kFZ4
og dgrk g, A 8eT ikdj jgwaxk4 eT dksf'' dWaxk4 eT y\Lwaxk4 eT r,Waxk49 HDr
dgrk g, A8esjs ls D;k gksxk2 eT dk,u gwa2 esjs fdS dc D;k gqvk2 eq>ls dqN ugC
gksusokyk2 eq> ls rks bruk gh gks ldrk g, fd rsjs pj< id\L ysrk gwa] vc rw
dj49
blfyS HDr ds ikl Sd cy g,] tks Kkuh ds ikl ugC g,4 HDr ds ikl Hxoku
dk cy g,4 HDr vdsyk ugC g,4 dksB lnk mlds lkF g,4 fojkI mlds lkF g,4
vius dks [ksdj mlus fojkI ls nks¬rh cuk yh g,4
Kkuh vius dks ikdj fojkI ls nks¬rh cukrk g,4 GdZ le> ysuk4 HDr vius dks
[ksdj fojkI ls nks¬rh cukrk g,4 Kkuh vius dks ikdj fojkI ls nks¬rh cukrk
g,4
blfyS Kkuh dgrs gT A ¬o;a dks tkuks 4 8uks nkb l,¥G94 HDr dgrk g, A ¬o;a
dks Lqckvks4 8GkŒjxsI nkb l,¥G94 fo¬ej< djks4 Hwyks4
;s muds cqfu;knh Hsn gT4 [;ky j[uk] eT ;g ugC dg jgk gwa fd rqe HDr cu
tkvks4 eT ;g Hh ugC dg jgk gwa fd rqe Kkuh cu tkvks4 eT ;gh dg jgk gwa

vtgw psr xaokj
fd Hsn dks Ohd ls le> yks6 fGj rqégX tks Qfpdj yxs4 vlyh ckr rks mlikj
tkuk g,4 rqégX vxj irokj pykus eX etk vkrk gks] rks dksB gtkZ ugC g,4 Sd
ne tWj pykvks4 [wc pykvks4 ftrus yacs jk¬rs ls tkuk gks] yacs jk¬rs ls tkvks
4 ftruk ilhuk cgkuk gks mruk cgkvks4 viuh7viuh ek,t4 rqe viuh Qfp dks
igpkuks4 ysfdu] vxj ;g rqégkjh Qfp u gks rks dqN ?c\Lkus dh tWjr ugC]
grk' gksus dh tWjr ugC g,4 vk,j Hh mik; g,4 iky [ksyks4 gok ds izfr le√i
r gks tkvks4 gok dks dgksA ys py4 Nks\Lks] leiZ< djks4
Kkuh ;kuh lad¥i4 HDr ;kuh leiZ<4
rks HDr ds ikl rks c\Lk cy g,4 blfyS HDr dks taxy ugC tkuk i\Lrk4 og
dgrk g,A taxy vc dgka tkMa` ;gC cktkj eX dksB de taxy g,` vknfe;kX dh
Hh\L eX dqN de taxy g,` o1{kX dh Hh\L eX D;k GdZ i\L tkSxk` i®Fj7igk\LkX
eX c,Ous ls D;k6 ;gka dksB de i®Fj igk\L gT` i®Fj gh i®Fj rks py jgs gT
pkjkX rjG4 tkuojkX eX Hkxus dh D;k tWjr g,` ;gka vkneh dksB tkuoj ls
de gT` lc rjG i'qrk dk jk†; g,4 Hkxdj dgka tkuk g,2 ;gC jgXxs4 ysfdu
izHq dks lkF ys yXxs4 izHq ds lkF gks yXxs4 mlds gkF eX gkF ns nXxs4
fGj cktkj eX Hh 'kafr gks tkrh g,4 fGj Hh\L eX Hh Sdkar gks tkrk g,4 fGj c
ktkj ds dksykgy eX Hh izkFZuk dk ¬oj mOus yxrk g,4 fGj rqe tgka gks] ogC
ls ekxZ cuus yxrk g,4
izæu lkFZd g,4 Kkuh dks c\Lh ps‘Ik djuh i\Lrh g,4 HDr rks flGZ izlkn dh vk
dka{k djrk g,4 HDr rks NksIs cπpkX dh rjg g,4 og jksuk tkurk g,4 mls Sd
ckr iDdk g, fd tc og jksrk g,] rks eka pyh vkrh g,] yk[ dke eX my>h gks
] dgC Hh gks] pyh vkrh g,] [kst ysrh g,4 HDr rks NksIk ckyd g,4
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tkrs gT4 Kkuh Hxoku rd igqaprs gT4 HDr rd Hxoku igqaprk g,4 iqdkj pkfg
S4
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j7tksj ls fp¥ykrk g,A jke jke Ht ys js ekIh ds /kXnk4 8ekIh ds /kXnk9 ls ml
dk vk'; D;k g,` vk,j og fp¥ykrk gh D;kX fudyrk g, Îik djds le>kbS4
ckr rks lh/h7lkG g,] le>kus dh dqN g, ugC4 fp¥ykrk g,] D;kXfd rqe cgjs gks
4 fp¥yk7fp¥ykdj Hh dgka rqe lqurs gks2
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yksx bru cgjs gT] rc Hh lquyX rks pe®dkj4 thll jkst7jkst dgrs gT fd v
xj vka[X gkX rks ns[ yks4 vka[okykX ls dgrs gT fd vka[X gkX rks ns[ yks4 dkuok
ykX ls dgrs gT fd dku gkX rks lqu yks4 D;kXfd tks rqe ns[us ds fyS r\LGrs Fs
tüekX ls] og ek,twn g,4 vk,j tks lquus ds fyS jksrs Fs tüekX ls] cksyk tk jgk g,
4 exj dku gkX rks lquyks] vka[ gks rks ns[yks4

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lar lnk ls fp¥ykrs jgs gT4 fGj Hh rqeus dgka lquk g,2 rqégkjh uCn xgjh g,4
rqe myIs ukjkt gksrs gks tc dksB lar fp¥ykrk g,4 rqe djoI ysdj dacy vks\
Pdj vk,j xgjs lks tkrs gks4 rqe dgrs gksA HkB] er txkvks] ijs'ku u djks4
vHh vk/h jkr er mOkvks] vHh eT lqanj lius ns[ jgk gwa4 ;g dk,u vkneh cq
ykus yxk csoDr2 vHh lksus nks4
rqégkjk cgjkiu2 blfyS lk/q fp¥ykrk gksxk4 vk,j vkneh g, gh D;k2 feÈh dk
2 feÈh dk iqryk gh rks2
8jke7jke Ht ys js ekIh ds /kXnk29 Ohd dgrk g, lk/q4 feÈh ds iqrys gT ge4
feÈh eX gh fxj tkSaxs4 ysfdu geeX dqN g, tks feÈh dk Hh ugC g,4 geeX dqN
g,] tks feÈh dk ugC g,4 geeX dqN g,] tks ikj ls vkrk g,4
jke7jke Ht ys js2 gekjs Hhrj Htu g, tks feÈh dk ugC g,4 gekjs Hhrj lqjf
r g, tks feÈh dh ugC g,4 gekjs Hhrj ¬ej< g,] cks/ g,] gks' g,] ;kn g,3tks f
eÈh dh ugC g,4 feÈh rks feÈh eX fxj tkSxh4 vxj fcuk ijek®ek dks ;kn fd
S ej xS rks feÈh gh jgs vk,j feÈh eX gh fxj xS4
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hrj Fks\Lk7lk vkdk' Hh lek;k g,4 rqégkjh bu feÈh dh nhokykX eX vkdk' Hh
g,4 rqégkjs vkaxu eX feÈh dh nhoky Hh g, vk,j vkdk' Hh g,4
jke7¬ej< dk vFZ gksrk g,A feÈh ij ls ÷;ku gIkvks] vkdk' dk ¬ej< djks4
vkaxu Ohd izrhd g,4 ns[rs gT] NkssIk7lk vkaxu] pkjkX rjG nhokyX mOk j[h gT2
ysfdu vkaxu nhokykX ds chp] og tks vkdk' g,] og rks ogh vkdk' g,] tks c
kgj G,yk gqvk g,4 mleX vk,j Hhrj ds vkaxu ds vkdk' eX dksB GdZ ugC g,4
NksIs7ls ?\Ls eX Hh tks vkdk' can gksrk g,] mleX Hh vk,j ckgj ds fojkI vkdk
' eX dksB GdZ ugC4 ?\Lk IwIk fd vkdk' vkdk' ls fey tkrk g,4
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j tks vkdk' Fk og rks ns[k gh ugC6 feÈh dh nhoky dks gh id\Ldj Qd xS
] feÈh gh jg xS4
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' jg xS6 rqe vlyh dks u igpku ikS4 vk,j vlyh ek,twn Fk4 rqe udyh d
ks id\L fyS4
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vks vk,j rqégkjs Hhrj tks p,rü; g,] ml ij ÷;ku dks yxkvks4 mlh p,rü; ls tq\
L tkvks4 p,rü; dks vg√u' Hkoks4 mlh p,rü; dk Htu gks4 ;gh vFZ g, A 8jke
7jke Ht ys js ekIh ds /kXnk49
ysfdu feÈh ds lkF geus cgqr dqN vgadkj tks\L j[k g,4 feÈh ds lkF geus c\
Ls fufgr ¬okFZ tks\L j[s gT4 ge rks ;gh lksprs gT fd ;g feÈh gksuk gh lc dq

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N g,4 rqe viuh nsg dh fdruh Vprk djrs gks2 bruh rqeus dHh viuh Vprk
dh` niZ< ds lkeus ?aIkX [\Ls jgrs gks lqcg7lka>2 dHh vius lkeus Hh [\Ls gqS
` Sdk/ {< dks Hh` niZ< gh ns[rs jgksxs` vlyh niZ< dc ns[ksxs` niZ< ns
[us ls rks flGZ nsg gh fn[k;h i\Lsxh6 ;g feÈh dk /kXnk gh >ydsxk] dqN vk,j
ugC gksxk4 og tks niZ< ns[ jgk g,] mls dc ns[ksxs` –‘Ik dks dc ns[ksxs` n
'Zu dh tks {erk rqégkjs Hhrj fNih g,] ml ij dc yk,Iksxs` mls dc id\Lksxs
` mls dc gkF eX yksxs` mls gkF eX ys fy;k rks ijek®ek dks gkF eX ys fy;k
4 mls gkF eX u fy;k] rks ;g lc ?\LhHj dh ckr g,4 ;g pkj fnu dh Vtnxh
] fGj va/sjh jkr g,4 ;g ?\LhHj dh ckr g,4 vd\L yks] brjk yks4 ;g lc feÈ
h feÈh eX fxj tkSxh4
gdhjks7ukrqoka früdk
gok ds nks' ij ijkΩ]
le>rk Fk fd cgjks7cj ij mldh gqDejkuh g,
exj >kXdk gok dk Sd vycsyk
ryøoqr ds' csijok
tc mlds th eX vkS Q[ iyI tkS
gok vkf[j gok g,] dc fdlh dk lkF nsrh g,
gok rks csoGk g,] dc fdlh dk lkF nsrh g,2
gok iyIh cqyanh dk Gqlwa IwIk]
gdhjks7ukrqoka früdk]
i\Lk g, [kds7i¬rh ij
[qnk tkus dksB jkgxhjs7csijokg
tc vius ikao ls mldks elyrk g,
rks viuk “okcs7vter ;kn djds mlds fny ij D;k xqtjrh g,4
le>ks A gdhjks7ukrqoka früdk2 rqπN vk,j fucZy Sd NksIk7lk frudk dHh gok
ij p\P tkrk g,4 dHh gok mOkdj ys tkrh g, Sd rqπN fruds dks4 vkdk' eX
eaLjkus yxrk g, frudk4
ge Hh gok ij p\P xS gT4 ;g tks æokl g,] gok g,4 bl æokl ij ge p\P xS
gT4 NksIk7lk frudk g,] ;g feÈh dk Sd NksIk7lk ykXnk g,4 ;g gok ij p\P x
;k g,4 ;g gok ls Gwy x;k g,4
gdhjks7ukrqoka früdk2 rqπN fucZy frudk4 gok ds gks' ij ijkΩ4 gok ds da/kX i
j lksprk g,] eq>s ij yxs gT4 lksprk g,] esjs ikl ia[ gT4 lksprk g,] eT m\L ld
rk gwa6 ns[ks] eT m\L ldrk gwa4 m\L jgk g, rks lksprk g,] m\L ldrk gwa4 gok ds
ia[kX ij p\Pdj lksprk g,] esjs ikl ia[ gT4 eT ia[okyk gwa4 eT i{h gwa4
gdhjka7ukrqoka früdk] gok ds nks' ij ijkΩ4

vtgw psr xaokj
le>rk Fk fd cgjks7cj mldh gqDejkuh g,4

vk,j lksprk Fk Fks\Lh nsj dks fd gokvkX ij] rwGkukX ij] vkaf/;kX ij] pkan7rkjkX
ij] vkdk' ij] mldh ekyfd;r g,] gqDejkuh g,4 exj >kXdk gok dk Sd v
ycsyk ryøoqr ds'4 gok ds >kXdkX dk D;k Hjkslk2 dc Q[ cny nX] dc Q[
cny yX2 vycsys >kXds] vHh pyX] vHh can gks tkSa] vkS u vkS2 exj gok
dk Sd >kXdk vycsyk ryøoqr ds'] csijokg2 vk,j gok dks D;k ijokg g, bl
fruds dh4 u rks ijokg g, vk,j u gok dks dksB bls m\Lkus eX etk g,4 tc ml
ds th eX vkS] Q[ iyI tkS4
gok vkf[j gok g,] dc fdlh dk lkF nsrh g,4
;g tks gok rqégkjs Hhrj vk7tk jgh g,] ;g Hh lnk lkF nsusokyh ugC g,6 ;g
dc iyI tkS irk ugC4 vHh g,] vHh u gks4 vHh vk;h Hhrj] vHh x;h ckg
j6 vk,j fGj u yk,Is] rks dqN Hh u dj ldksxs4 Sd æokl Hh †;knk u ys ldks
xs4 x;h rks x;h4
exj >kXdk gok dk Sd vycsyk
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csijokg
tc mlds th eX vkS Q[ iyI tkS4
gok vkf[j gok g,] dc fdlh dk lkF nsrh g,
bl /ks[sckt gok ds pDdj eX cgqr er i\L tkuk4 bu æoklkX dk cgqr Hjkslk
er dj ysuk4
jke7jke Ht ys js2
gok iyIh] cqyanh dk Gqlwa IwIk4
vk,j t,ls gh gok iyIrh g,] o,ls gh vkleku ls frudk tehu ij fxj tkrk g,4
og tks cqyanh dk Gqlwa Fk] og tks [;ky Fk fd eT Mapk gks x;k gwa] eT c\Lk gks
x;k gwa] eT egku. gks x;k gwa3os lc Sd{< eX fxj tkrs gT4
Sslk gh rks gksrk g,4 vkt rqégkjs ikl /u g,6 vkdk' eX pyrs gks] tehu ij i,
j ugC Nwrs4 dy /u pyk x;k4 vkt rqégkjs ikl in g,6 dy in pyk x;k4 ;
g lc gok ds gh >kXds gT4 rqe bafnjk ls iwNks4 gok dk >kXdk pyk x;k4 eksjkj
th dks psrk nsuk fd gok fdlh dh Hh ugC4
gok iyIh] cqyanh dk Gqlwa IwIk
gdhjks7ukrqoka früdk2
IwI x;k liuk4 rqπN frudk vkf[j rqπN gh Fk6 fxj x;k okfil4
gdhjks7ukrqoka früdk

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vc i\Lk g, tehu ij] gkjk gqvk] pkjkX [kus fpR4 [qnk tkus dksB jgxhjs7csijo
kg~ ~ ~ vk,j jkgxhjkX dks D;k fG∂ g, fd ;gka dksB c\Lk Mapk frudk i\Lk g,] t
ks dHh vkdk' eX m\Lk djrk Fk2 os rks twrkX ls nckrs bldks fudy tkSaxs4 os
rkss i,jkX ls jkTnrs gqS bls fudy tkSaxs4 rqégX irk g,] vkt ugC dy rqégkjh ;g
nsg feÈh eX i\Lh gksxh] fdrus twrkX eX jkTnh tkSxh2 ukgd niZ< ds lkeus [\Ls7
[\Ls le; [jkc er dj yks2 Ht ys js jke2 jke7jke Ht ys js2
tc vius ikao] mldks elyrk g,
rks viuk “okcs7vter ;kn djds mlds fny ij D;k xqtjrh g,2
rks \tjk lkspks rks] mls Hh ;kn vkrs gkXxs os lius m®Fku ds4 os ¬e1fr;ka yk,I7yk,
I vkrh gkXxh fd dHh vkdk' eX m\Lrk Fk] dHh eT Hh Fk] dHh eT Hh dqN F
k] dHh esjh Hh cqyanh Fh] dHh eT Hh fldanj Fk4
tc vius ikao ls mldks elyrk g,
rks viuk “okcs7vter ;kn djds blds fny ij D;k xqtjrh g,2 exj feÈh g,]
feÈh eX fxjsxh4
lk/q Ohd gh dgrk g, A 8jke7jke Ht ys js ekIh ds /kXnk9
feÈh ds gh ge gT] feÈh eX gh ge fxj tkSaxs4 L¬I vu.Iq L¬I2 ysfdu ge vxj
feÈh gh feÈh gksrs] rks Hh dqN v\Lpu u Fh4 gekjh feÈh eX Hh dqN fdj<
gT3tks feÈh ds ikj dh gT4 gekjs Hhrj ve1r dh cwan Hh g,4 feÈh dh dhp\L eX
ve1r dh Sd cwan Hh i\Lh g,4 feÈh dh bl [ku eX Sd ghjk Hh i\Lk g,4 /ü;
Hkxh gT os tks ml ghjs dks igpku ysrs gT3blds igys fd lkal m\L tkS] gok
dk Q[ iyI tkS4
gok rks cl gok g,] dc fdldk lkF nsrh g,2
gok rks csoGk g,] dc fdldk lkF nsrh g,2
/ü;Hkxh gT os tks gok ds Q[ cnyus ds igys] viuk Q[ cny ysrs gT6 tks gok
ds ia[kX ls fxjus ds igys vius ia[ [kst ysrs gT6 tks gok dh >wOh cqyanh ds l
iukX eX †;knk nsj ugC my>rs6 tks viuh vlyh cqyanh [kst ysrs gT6 tks viuk
vlyh ?j [kst ysrs gT6 tks ;gka ds ?jkX dks /eZ'kyk tkurs gT4 ;s ljkSa gT6 Qd
ks jkr Hj] lqcg tkuk g,4 vk,j vius ?j dks Hwy er tkuk4
8fxjg gekjk lqU eX] vugn eX foljke49

vtgw psr xaokj
og tks 'wü; g,] ije 'wü; g,] mls dgks3ijek®ek] vk®ek] ÷;ku] lekf/] tks uk
e nsuk gks3fuokZ<] eks{] d,o¥;3tks Qfpdj yxs3ogC gekjk vlyh ?j g,4 vk,
j ogC igqapdj foJke g,4 mlds igys /ks[kX eX er i\Luk4 ;gka /ks[s cgqr gT4
;gka izoapukSa cgqr gT4
lk/q Ohd gh dgrk g,4 vtgwa psr xaokj2
vkt bruk gh4
cksyq gfjuke rw Nksf\L ns dke lc
lgt eX eqfDr gksb tk; rsjh4
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nkl iyIw dg, ;gh lax tk;xk4
cksyq eq[ jke ;g vjt esjh44¡44
iwjc eX jke g, ifπNe [qnk; g,]

mRj vk,j nfD[u dgks dk,u jgrk`
lkfgc og dgka g,] dgka fGj ugC g,]
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fganw vk,j rqjd fefy ijs gT [Tfp eX
vkiuh cxZ nksm nhu cgrk4

vtgw psr xaokj
nkl iyIw dg,] lkfgc lc eX jg,]

tqnk u rfud] eT lkap dgrk44™44
tkfg ru yfx g,] lksb ru tkfug,

tkfug, ogh lrlax7oklh4
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tkfg ds yxh g, fojgxkalh44
u,u >juk cü;k,] Hw[ uk uCn g,
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ldy lalkj fefy dj, gkalh44£
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[sr ij ikap iπphl ekj,
dke vk, ∂ks/ nqB nq‘I ;s c\Ls gT]
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vtgw psr xaokj
ysfg eu thfr rc vkiq gkj,44¢44

vkneh vkuan dh ryk'k djrk g,3Sslk dgrs gT4 vkneh dks ns[dj Hjkslk ugC
vkrk4 Sslk lquk g, fd vkneh vkuan dk [ksth g,4 vkneh dks ns[dj ckr my
Ih gh ekywe i\Lrh g,4 yxrk g,] vkneh nqA[ dk [ksth g,4 nqA[ dks Nks\Lrk ugC
4 nqA[ dks id\Lrk g,4 nqA[ dks cpkrk g,4 nqA[ dks laokjrk g,6 frtks\Lh eX laHk
ydj j[rk g,4 nqA[ dk cht gkF i\L tkS] ghjs dh rjg laHkyrk g,4 tüekX7t
üekX rd laHkyrk g,4 yk[ nqA[ ikS] ij GXdus dh r,;kjh ugC fn[krk4
tks yksx dgrs gT vkneh vkuan dk [ksth g,] yxrk g, vkneh dh rjG ns[rs gh
ugC4 vkneh nqA[oknh g,] vü;Fk lalkj bruk nqA[ eX D;kX gks2 vxj lHh yksx
vkuan [kst jgs gT] rks lalkj eX vkuan dh Fks\Lh >yd gksrh4 dqN dks rks fey
rk2 vk,j dqN dks fey tkrk rks os ckaIrs vk,jkX dks Hh6 rks dqN >yd mudh v
ka[kX vk,j muds izk<kX eX Hh vkrh4
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nqA[ nsrs gT2 '_q rks nqA[ nsrs gh gT6 fglkc j[k g,] fe_ fdruk nqA[ nsrs gT`
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jgk g,] rks Sd gh ckr dk lcwr g, fd gj vkneh nqA[ ls Hjk g,4 ge ogh r
ks nsrs gT] ftlls ge Hjs gT4 ogh rks gels cgrk g, tks gekjs Hhrj yxk g,4 uhe
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4
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g ldrs vHh] jkr Hh ugC dg ldrs vc4 vc Sslh gh ?Iuk ?Irh g, xqQ ds
ikl4 vHh rqe eqDr Hh ugC gks xS4 vk,j vc rqe ca/u eX gks] Sslk Hh ugC d
g ldrs4 laf/dky vk x;k4 ca/u fxjus7fxjus dks] jkr tkus7tkus dks] vk,j fnu
vkus7vkus dks4 nksukX ds e÷; eX g,4
;s tks bd uwj dh g¥dh7lh fdju GwIh g,
dk,u dgrk g, bls lqçgs7nj“'ka Ss nks¬r
bls dk,u dgrk g, fd ;g vlyh lqcg g,2 dk,u dgrk g, fd lwjt gks x;k2 dk,
u dgrk g, fd fnu fudy vk;k` eq>dks Sglkl g, ckdh g, 'cs7rkj vHh2 eq>s

vtgw psr xaokj
iDdk irk g, fd vHh jkr vk,j dIus dks g,6 vHh Fks\Lh vk,j nsj g,4 ysfdu Ss
nks¬r] eq>s jDl rks dj ysus ns4 ysfdu eq>s ukp rks ysus ns4 eq>s [q' rks gks ysus
nks4 ;g tks g¥dh7lh uwj dh fdju GwIh g,] bldk ¬okxr rks dj ysus ns4
l®lax eX vkuan7e≈u gks tkrs gT HDr4 vHh mudh lqcg ugC vk;h] ysfdu fdlh
eX rks vk x;h g,2 fdlh dh lqcg ns[h4 vHh ijek®ek dks mügkXus lh/k ugC ns
[k] ysfdu fdlh dh vka[kX ls ns[k4 vHh ijek®ek dk gkF mügkXus [qn ugC Nqv
k] ysfdu Ssls vkneh dk gkF Nqvk g, ftlus ijek®ek dk gkF Nqvk g,4 ;g Hh
dqN de ugC4 ;g Hh c\Lh ∂kafr dh ?Iuk g,4 Hksj gks x;h4 ysfdu Ss nks¬r] eq
>s jDl dj ysus ns4
blfyS HDr l®lax eX vkuafnr gks mOrk g,] e¬r gks mOrk g,] jDl eX vk tkr
k g,] ukp i,nk gks tkrk g, mlds Hhrj4 Sd 'jkc dh e¬rh mleX Nk tkrh g,4
Lksyus yxrk g,4
eq>dks Sglkl g,] ckdh g, 'cs7rkj vHh
ysfdu Ss nks¬r eq>s jDl rks dj ysus ns
de ls de uwj us myIk rks g, bd ckj udkc2
pyks bruk gh D;k de fd jks'uh us Sdckj rks >yd nh4 Sdckj rks inkZ mOk
] ?wa?I mOk4 Sdckj rks f[\Ldh [qyh4 >jks[s ls ns[k g, lwjt vHh6 >jks[k vi
uk ugC g,] ;g Hh lp g,4 ;g lp g,4 eq>dks Sglkl g, ckdh g, 'csrkj vHh4
vk,j ;g tks bd uwj dh g¥dh lh fdj< IwIh g,] dk,u dgrk g, bls lqçgs7nj“'ka
Ss nks¬r2 eT bls dgrk Hh ugC fd esjh lqcg gks x;h] ysfdu fdlh vk,j dh lq
cg eX Fks\Lh nsj ds fyS esgeku gqvk gwa6 fdlh vk,j ds vkuaniw<Z txr. eX Fks\Lh
nsj ds fyS 'kfey gqvk gwa6 fdlh vk,j ds u1®; eX Hkxhnkj gqvk gwa4 ij eq>s vk
uan dj ysus nks4
esjs ikl dB ckj fe_ iwNrs gT4 8vftr lj¬orh9 ckj7ckj izæu iwNrs gT fd vH
h eq>s gqvk ugC g,] ysfdu gksus7gksus dks g,4 vk,j eq>s tks gksus7gksus dks g,] mls Hh
eT nwljkX dks ckaIrk pkgrk gwa4 rks eT ckaIwa ;k u ckaIwa` eT nwljkX dks dgwa ;k u
dgwa` eT pqi jgwa ;k ;g [cj G,ykMa`
os ;gh iwN jgs gT4 os ;gh iwN jgs gT3ysfdu Ss nks¬r] eq>s jDl rks dj ysus ns2
ckaIuk gh gksxk4 Hksj gh lgh vHh] vHh lwjt ugC fudyk] lw;k∆n; ugC gqvk]
Hksj gh lgh6 exj lwjt djhc rks vk x;k2 vc †;knk nsj ugC g, gksus eX4 ckaIks
2 jDl djks2 vkuan eukvks2 m®lo eX vkvks4
HDr dks vkuan eX ns[dj vusd yksxkX dks g,jkuh gksrh g,4 yksx iwNrs gTA 8rqégX g
ks x;k`9 ;gka esjs ikl vkdj tks e¬r gks tkrs gT] mudks yksx iwNrs gT fd rqégX
gks x;k] rqe brus e¬r gks jgs gks2 vk,j ¬oHkorA f>>d gksrh g, fd d,ls dg
nX fd geX gks x;k2 eq>dks Sglkl g, ckdh g, 'cs7rkj vHh2 vHh jkr ckdh g,4
rks ;g dg Hh ugC ldrs fd eq>s gks x;k4 ysfdu fdlh dks gks x;k g,] dgC

vtgw psr xaokj
gks x;k g,6 ge ogC ls vk jgs gT4 geus Fks\Lh nsj fdlh vk,j dh vka[kX eX vka[X
Lky dj ns[k g,4 ge fdlh ds gkF dks id\Ldj ukps gT vk,j ml gkF dk ¬i'Z
geX Hjkslk fnyk x;k g, fd gksrk g,4 lqcg Hh gksrh g,4 jkr gh jkr ugC g,] lqc
g Hh gksrh g,4
de ls de uwj us myIk rks g, Sd ckj udkc
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Sd vkneh ds psgjs ij ijek®ek dh Nki gks ldrh g,] rks gekjs psgjs ij Hh
gks ldrh g,] og Hjkslk vk x;k4 vk,j ;g Hjkslk vk x;k rks lc vk x;k4 ;g
Hjkslk gh cqfu;kn g,4 blh dks J0k dgk g,4
J0k foæokl dk uke ugC4 Hwydj Hh er lkspuk fd foæokl dk uke J0k g,
4 foæokl dk vFZ g, A nwljkX us le>k fn;k g,4 mudks Hh ugC gqvk g,4 vk,jkX us
rqégX le>k fn;k g,4 rqégkjs eka7cki us le>k fn;k g,4 mudks Hh ugC gqvk g,4 rq
égkjs iafLr7iqjksfgr us le>k fn;k g,6 mudks Hh ugC gqvk g,4 vk,j rqe foæokl
ys vkS4
foæokl dk vFZ g, A va/kX us va/kX dks le>k fn;k g,4
J0k dk vFZ g,A fdlh vka[okys dh vka[ eX vka[ Lkydj ns[k g,4 rqégkjh vHh
vka[ ugC [qyh g,4 rqégkjk viuk >jks[k vHh can g,4 ysfdu fdlh vk,j ds esg
eku gksdj ns[k g,4 ysfdu ftlds esgeku gksdj ns[k g,] mldks gqvk g,3rks J0
k4
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[k4
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Sd yegs dks rks IwIk g, fry¬es 'cs7rkj4
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geX Sslk xzlk g,] jkr ds tknw us ge ij Sslh Gkalh dlh g,] fd Hjkslk gh ugC
gksrk fd lqcg gksxh] fd lqcg gks ldrh g,4
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tkrk g,4 mlds fyS rks IwI x;k g,] ysfdu mlds ikl] mldh lfUf0 eX] mlds
lax7lkF mOrs7c,Ors] mOrs7c,Ors3iyIw dgrs gT A pDdj dkIrs jguk4 iyIw dg
rs gT A 8lnk l®lax eX ykm Gsjh49 ftruk cus] tkrs jguk l®lax eX4 t¥nh er
djuk] v/,;Z er djuk4
Sd yegs dks rks IwIk g, fry¬es7'cs rkj
blls lkfcr rks gqvk A lqcg Hh gks ldrh g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
;g J0k4
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lqçgs dkftc Hh gks] rks g, vly eX fnckpA lqcg
vk,j Hksj Hh gks] dπph lqcg~ ~ ~lqcg dkftc Hh gks~ ~ ~dπph lqcg] dπpk le
;] vHh idk ugC g,] vHh lwjt fudyk ugC g,6 ysfdu og Hh rks gksusokyh lqc
g dk izek< g,] vkus dh [cj g,4
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lqçgs dkftc Hh rks g,] lqçgs7nj“'ka dh uosn
og lwpd g, fd vkrk g, fnu] vkrk g,] vc vk;k vc vk;k4 lans'okgd g,4 S
d Ssyku fd gaxkes7fonk7S7'c g, ~ ~ ~fd jkf_ ds le; dk var vk x;k4
;gh eT 8vftr lj¬orh9 dks dgrk gwa A vHh gqvk rks ugC] ysfdu jkf_ ds fonk
dk le; vk x;k4 Sd Ssyku2 ¬oHkorA tc rqégX Ssyku lqukB i\Lsxk rks rqégX
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y eX xa/ vk tkrh g, rks fc[jrh gh g,4 ;g gksxk gh4
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og egklw;Z t¥nh gh izdI gksus ds djhc g,4 l®lax dk vFZ g, A tgka izdI gks x
;k gks] ftleX izdI gks x;k gks] tgka rqégX J0k te tkS3fGj rqe fG∂ er d
juk nqfu;k dh4 vk,j [;ky djks fd rqe fdlh dks fl0 Hh u dj ikvksxs4 ;g
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ik;k g,2

vtgw psr xaokj
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g,] fufæpr gh6 vü;Fk rqe izse eX D;kX i\Lrs2 ysfdu rqe D;k le>k ldksxs fd
lh vk,j dks` D;k mik; gksxk` dksB mik; ugC4 yksx galXxs4 Ohd Sslk gh g, xqQ
ds izse eX Hh i\L tkuk4 l®lax Hh Sslk gh g,4
8fcye u ykbdT Lkfj flj Hkj dks
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lj Hkj dks2 fGj rks vius lkjs flj7Hkj dks mlds pj<kX eX Lky nsuk4 Nksf\L ns
vkl lalkj dsjh2 fGj vk'k ds fyS u;h ;k_k 'qW gksrh g,4 fGj lalkj dh v
k'k Nks\L nsuk4 fGj ;g er lkspuk fd vHh lalkj eX dqN vk,j fey ldrk g,4
tc xqQ fey tkS rks lalkj eX tks fey ldrk Fk fey x;k6 vc dqN vk,j fe
yus dks ugC g, bl lalkj eX4 bl lalkj eX xqQ fey tkS rks lc fey x;k4 /ü
;Hkx muds ftügX cq0 fey xS4 /ü;Hkx muds ftügX eksgéen fey xS4 /ü;Hk
x muds ftügX ukud fey xS4 vc vk,j bl lalkj eX feyus dks D;k g,2 bl la
lkj eX vk,j dqN Hh ugC fey ldrk4 feyus ;ks≈; Sd gh pht g, fd xqQ fey
tkS4
;g Hh Fks\Lk le> ysus dk g, fd D;kX` xqQ dk D;k vFZ g,` xqQ dk vFZ g, lal
kj ds ckgj tkus dk }kj fey tkS4 lalkj eX bruk gh fey tkS rks cl cgqr
g,3lalkj ds ckgj tkus dk }kj fey tkS4
flD[ Ohd gh vius eafnj dks 8xqQ}kjk9 dgrs gT4 og flGZ }kj g,4 xqQ dk }kj2
bl lalkj eX tüekX7tüekX rd HId dj] okluk eX gtkj rjg ds d‘I ikdj]
fujk' gksus ds vfrfjDr vk,j dqN gkF ugC yxrk4 ftl fnu xqQ fey tkS ml
fnu lalkj ls vk,j lc vk'k Nks\L nsuk4 ;gka dh ckr [®e gks x;h] ;g ;k_k
iwjh gks x;h4 rqe }kj ds djhc vk xS] tgka ls ijek®ek 'qW gksrk g,4
8Nksf\L ns vkl lalkj dsjh
fcye u ykbdT Lkfj flj Hkj dks49
vc dqN vk'k j[us dh tWjr ugC lalkj ls6 tks gks ldrk Fk lalkj eX] gks x
;k4 vafre gks x;k4
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8nkl iyIw dg, ;gh lax tkSxk]

vtgw psr xaokj
cksyq eq[ jke ;g vjt esjh49

l®lax lk/ yks4 l®lax gh lkF tkSxk4 vk,j lc i\Lk jg tkSxk4 xqQ ls Fks\Lk
xgjk laca/ cka/ yks4 ml laca/ eX tks >ydsxk] tks fn[k;h i\Lsxk] ogh lkF tk
Sxk4 's" lc i\Lk jg tkSxk4
iyIw dgrs gT A esjh vtñ g,] esjh izkFZuk g, rqels4 cksyq eq[ jke ;g vjt esjh
4 Nks\L dke lc cksyq gfjuke4 lgt eX eqfDr gks tkS rsjh4
8iwjc eX jke g,] ifπNe [qnk; g,49
rc dgrs gT fd ftl jke dh eT ckr dj jgk gwa] og og jke ugC g, ftldh
eafnj7ef¬tnkX eX ckr pyrh g,4 Hwy er dj ysuk4
8iwjc eX jke g,] ifπNe [qnk;4
mRj vk,j nfD[u dgks dk,u jgrk`9
iyIw dgrs gT A ;s Hh D;k ikxyiu dh ckrX gT fd dksB dgrk g, fd ifæpe eX
[qnk g,] iwjc eX jke g,2 rks mRj vk,j nfD[u eX dk,u jgrk` lHh fn'kSa ml
dh gT4 lHh fn'kvkX eX og ø;kîr g,4 blfyS eafnj7ef¬tnkX ds pDdj eX er i\
Luk4 ;g lkjk vf¬r®o mldk eafnj g,4 ;gka iz®;sd bap7bap Hwfe ifo_ g,4 rqe
tgka Hh py jgs gks] eafnj eX gh py jgs gks4 blfyS gj txg gks' j[uk vk,
j gj txg jke dk ¬ej< j[uk4 ;g er lkspuk fd tc eafnj xS rks ¬uku
djds vk,j vπNk Hko djds igqap xS vk,j eafnj ds ckgj vkS rks lalkj dks p
ykus yxs4 ;g lkjh txg mlh dh g,4 bl lc eX ogh ø;kîr g,4
8lkfgc og dgka g,] dgka fGj ugC g,49
;g rks iwNks gh er fd Hxoku dgka g,4 vlyh loky rks ;g g, fd dgka og u
gC g,4 lHh txg g,4 mldk gksuk gh Sdek_ gksuk g,4 lc gksus eX ogh fNik g,4
8Vgnw vk,j rqjd rksGku djrk49
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eX i\Ls gT4 os bldh fG∂ eX yxs gT fd Hxoku dgka g,4 iyIw dgrs gT A vlyh
loky ;g g, fd lkfgc og dgka g,] dgka fGj ugC g,2 mlds Wi dh Hh dksB f
G∂ er djks4 lc Wi mlh ds gT4 vk,j mlds uke dh Hh cgqr Vprk er djks6
lHh uke mlh ds gT4
8Vgnw vk,j rqjd fefy ijs gT [Tfp eX

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[Xp7rku eX yxs gT2 yksxkX dks [Cp jgs gT fd ;gka vkvks] /eZ ;gka g,4 c\Lh [Cp
7rku eph g,4 bl [Cp7rku eX er i\Luk4 fdlh ln.xqQ dh 'j< mrj tkuk4
j[ nsuk lkjk flj7Hkj4 Nks\L nsuk lalkj dh vk'k6 fGj fey x;k tks feyus d
ks Fk ;gka4 ije fu/h fey x;h gkF6 fGj mleX Lqcdh yxk tkuk4
8nkl iyIw dg,] lkfgc lc eX jg,
tqnk uk rfud eT lkap dgrk49
lc eX g, ijek®ek4 rqe eX Hh g,4 blfyS fdlh eafnj7ef¬tn dh [Cpk7rkuh eX
i\Lus dh dksB tWjr ugC4 lc [Cpk7rkuh jktuhfr g,4 lc la“;k c\Pkus dk m
ik; g,4 [Cpk7rkuh dh fG∂ eX er i\Luk4 Vgnw7eqlyeku gksus ls dqN lkj ugC
gksrk4 fdlh thoar xqQ dk gkF id\Lks4 ogka u dksB Vgnw gksrk g,] u ogka dksB eq
lyeku gksrk g,4 ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g,4 ∂kb¬I tc Vtnk Fs rks dksB f∂fæp;
u ugC Fk4 vk,j cq0 tc Vtnk Fs rks dksB ck,0 ugC Fk4 vk,j Î‘< tc Vtnk Fs
rks dk,u Vgnw Fk2 8Vgnw9 'çn Hh ugC Fk4 tc dksB thfor xqQ ek,twn gksrk g,]
rc ogka /eZ fo's"<7jfgr gksrk g,4 tc xqQ fonk gks tkrk g,] rks /hjs7/hjs iaf
Lr7iqjksfgr bdØs gksrs gT6 fGj fo's"< egÂoiw<Z gksus yxrk g,4 tgka fo's"< c
gqr egÂoiw<Z gks tkS] ogka ls fudy Hkxuk4 vc ogka dqN Hh ugC g,3jk[ g,4
vaxkjk cq> pqdk4
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tqnk u rfud eT lkap dgrk49
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xs4 tku ikvksxs] rHh4
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3ogh tku ikSxk4
8tkfg ru yxh g, lksb ru tkfu g,49
;g gok ftldks yx tkSxh] ;g jksx ijek®ek dk ftldks id\L ysxk] ;g 'jk
c ftlds daO mrj tkSxh3ogh tkusxk4

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8tkfg ru yxh g, lksB ru tkfug,]

dksfI vk,"f/ djT fojg uk tk;xk
tkfg ds yxh g, fojgxkalh449
vk,j ftlds Ôn; eX ijek®ek ds fojg dh Nqjh pqH x;h] vc fdlh vk,"f/ ls
;g ckr gy gksusokyh ugC g,4 vc ;g dksB bykt ls gy ugC gksxh4
ifæpe eX gtkjkX rjg dh chekfj;kX dk bykt [kstk tkrk g,4 ysfdu vHh ifæ
pe eX bl chekjh ds laca/ eX dqN [;ky ugC g, ifæpe ds fpfd®lk'k¬_ dks]
fd Sd Sslh Hh chekjh gksrh g,3HDr dh chekjh] izseh dh chekjh3ftldk dks
B bykt bl lalkj eX ugC g,4
tkiku eX >su dh gtkjkX lky dh ijaijk ds ckn Sslk vuqHo tkiku ds LkŒDIjkX
dks gksuk 'qW gqvk fd dqN yksx Sd vthc rjg dh chekjh ls xzflr gks tkrs
gT] ftldk dksB laca/ ikxyiu ls ugC g,6 ysfdu ikxyiu t,lh yxrh g,4 rks t
kiku vdsyk eq¥d g, lkjh nqfu;k eX] tgka dk fpfd®lk'k¬_ Sd [kl rjg dh
chekjh dks >su dh chekjh dgrk g,4 ;g c\Lh Maph ckr g,4 vk,j tc Hh dksB f
pfd®ld ns[rk g, fd ;g vkneh >su ls chekj g,] ÷;ku ls chekj g,] bldh ch
ekjh ÷;ku g,] ijek®ek g,3rks fGj mldk bykt ugC djrk4 mldks Hst nsrk g,
fdlh ln.xqQ ds ikl3fdlh vkJe eX] fd rw ogka pyk tk4 ;gka gekjs ikl by
kt ugC gks ldsxk4 ;g rsjh dksB 'jhj dh chekjh ugC g,] u eu dh chekjh g,
4 ;g vkf®ed g,4
vkneh rhu ry ij thrk g,3'jhj] eu] vk®ek4 igys rks ifæpe ds fpfd®ld
ekurs FsA lc chekfj;ka 'jhj dh gksrh gT4 fGj ckeqfædy] c\Lh eqfædy ls m
ügkXus ¬ohdkj djuk 'qW fd;k fd dqN chekfj;ka eu dh gksrh gT4 Ìk;L ds ckn
ipkl lky ds fujarj la?"Z ls ;g ckr ¬ohdkj gqB fd dqN chekfj;ka eu dh
gksrh gT4 rks vc ekufld chekjh ds fyS vyx ¬Fku gks x;k4 ysfdu vHh rhl
jh chekjh ¬ohÎr ugC gks ik;h g, fd dqN chekfj;ka vk®ek dh gksrh gT vk,j m
udk dksB bykt ugC fd;k tk ldrk4 mudk bykt ugC fd;k tk ldrk] ;g
lk,Hk≈; g,4 os rks vuqHo ls gh tkrh gT4 og fojg dh chekjh g,6 og rks ijek®
ek ls feyu ls gh tkrh g,4
ifæpe eX Sd cgqr c\Lk fopkjd g, A vkjº Lhº yTx4 mlus cgqr7ls ikxykX dk
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yh ds 'kŒd fnS tk jgs gT4 mudks lrk;k tk jgk g,4 D;kXfd muds ikl dksB ek
ufld chekjh ds ikj vk,j Hh Sd rhljh chekjh gks ldrh g,] mldh dksB /kj
<k ugC g,4 ;g tks iyIw dgrs gT3
8tkfg ru yxh g, lksb ru tkfug,
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krk g,] Sslk HDr ikxy gks tkrk g,4 vk,j izseh dk ikxyiu rks dqN Hh ugC3N
ksIk7eksIk >juk2 HDr dk ikxyiu rks Ssls t,ls iwjk lkxj4 etuw ikxy gksrk g,
y,yk ds fyS] ysfdu ¬oHkorA etuw dk ikxyiu y,yk ds fyS NksIk7eksIk ikx
yiu gksxk4 ysfdu tc ehjk ikxy gksrh g, Î‘< ds fyS] rks ;g ikxyiu rks f
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8dksfI vk,"f/ djT] fojg u tk;xk
tkfgd, yxh g, fojgxkalh49
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gksrk g,4
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Nkrh eX Nqjs dh rjg x\Lus yxrh g, A 8Sslk eq>s dc gksxk2 esjs dc gkXxs /ü;
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8fojgxkalh94 c\Lh Nqjh pqH tkrh g,4 exj ;g /ü;Hkx g,4 Sslk tks chekj gks
tkS] /ü;Hkxh g,4
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u >juk cü;k,2
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nfe;kX ls feyu ls tks lq[ gksrk g,] mlls dgC †;knk lq[ ijek®ek ds fojg eX
g,4 vknfe;kX ls feydj rks tks lq[ gksrk g,] og vkt ugC dy nqA[ cu tkrk
g,4 vk,j ijek®ek dk fojg dk tks nqA[ g,] og vkt ugC dy lq[ cu tkrk
g,4 blfyS HDr jksrk g,4 mlds vkalw ije vkuan ds vkalw gT4 og vgksHko ls jks
rk g,4
8u,u >juk cü;k,] Hw[ uk uCn g,]
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ldy lalkj fefy dj, gkalh49
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rks Hh NwIrk ugC4
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7Sd baf–; ikap7ikap fn'kvkX eX nk,\Lus yxrh g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
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gC g,4 og rks flGZ egkohj dks gd g,4 baf–;ka thrh gkX] rks ftu6 vü;Fk d,ls f
tu] d,ls t,u` baf–;kX dh ekyfd;r vk;h gks] baf–;ka viuh gkX ~ ~ ~4 vHh rqé
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us yxs 'jkc7?j ls y\L[\Lkrs gqS] cl detksj gksus yxk4 exj fGj Hh c\Lk fg
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yh 'jkc u fey tkS3ijek®ek ds izse dh 'jkc3rc rd rqe fdlh u fdlh
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h Nkrh ij i,j j[dj tkuk i\Lsxk4 muds flj dh lh\Ph cukuh i\Lsxh4 mudh g®
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] ;gh vkæp;Z g,4 bldks 8uhfr9 rks dguk gh ugC pkfgS4 ;g rks 8uhfr9 'çn
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ks] ftl rjg Hh gks] vπNs gks rks vπNs] cqjs gks rks cqjs] lh/s gkF gks rks Ohd]
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t tks\Ls j[ ldrh g, nqfu;k eX rks og bafnjk dk Lj g,6 vk,j dksB pht ugC tks\
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pus nsrk4 rks ftrus yksx igqapus ds fyS vkrqj Fs] os lc bdØs gks xS4
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u dk nks¬r rqégkjk nqæeu gks tkSxk4
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dk Hh foæokl er djuk] D;kXfd jktuhfr eX dksB nks¬r ugC gksrk4 vius nks¬
r ls Hh og ckr er dguk tks rqe vius nqæeu ls fNikuk pkgks6 D;kXfd tks v
kt nks¬r g,] dy nqæeu gks ldrk g,4 vk,j vius nqæeu ds f[ykG Hh Sslh ckr
er dguk] tks rqe vius nks¬r ds f[ykG u dguk pkgks6 D;kXfd tks vkt nqæe
u g,] dy nks¬r gks ldrk g,4
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u fdlh lezkI us mls vius njckj eX ugC ?qlus fn;k4 D;kXfd lc Vpfrr gks x
S fd ;g vkneh bruk tkurk g,] bldks othj cukus dk eryc g, ;g vkt u
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k4 gkykafd lcus mldh fdrkc ls ykH mOk;k4 lcus mldh fdrkc ls lh[k4 t,
ls /k√ed vkneh dks dqN lh[uk gks rks xhrk] dqjku] ckbfcy3Ssls jktuhfrK
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y[dj mlus viuk uqdlku dj fy;k4 og fdrkc u fy[rk rks 'k;n dgC u

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dgC rjdhc yxkdj ?ql tkrk4 fdrkc gh ck/k cu xB4 brus gksf';kj vkneh
dks dksB ikl ugC ysrk4
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d dksB jktuhfrK cgqr cqf0eku vknfe;kX dks cnkZær ugC djrk4 ;g dqN Sslk
ugC g, fd blds ihNs dksB fu;e ugC g,4 blds ihNs fu;e g,4 tc Hh dksB jk
tuhfrK lGy gks tkSxk] og cqf0eku vknfe;kX dks gIkus yxsxk vk,j cq0qvkX
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vDy Hh ugC g, fd os bruh >a>I [\Lh dj ldX4 cqf0eku dks dksB cnkZær ugC
djrk4
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dh ygj ls Hj tkS4 ns[s ∂ks/ dks4 ∂ks/ dk lax7lkF u ns4 ∂ks/ ds pDdj eX
u vkS4 ∂ks/ ds lkF rknk®é; u djs4 vk,j tc dke mOs rks mlds lkF Hh rk
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gXIkj,4
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4 rks 8esjs9 dks dkIs4 esjk edku] esjh nqdku] esjh i®uh] esjs cπps] esjk /eZ] es
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[wafI;kX ij yxk g,4 lc [wafI;ka dI tkrh gT] 8eT9 dk racw fxj tkrk g,4 vk,j t
gka 8eT9 dk racw fxjrk g,] ogC ijek®ek mrjrk g,4
8dwn ifj tk;d, dksI dk;k eag,]

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nkl iyIw dgT lksB jtiwr g,
ysfg eu thfr rc vkiq gkj,449
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dksB Vprk u jgh4 eu dks thrs fcuk tks u gkjs] tks y\Lrk gh jgs eu dks th
rus ds fyS] tks ftu cus fcuk Qds ugC3lksB jtiwr g,4 nkl iyIw dgT ysfg eu
thr rc vkiq gkj,2
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3tks dke dks] ∂ks/ dks] eksg dks jk[ dj ns6 tks Kku dh vf≈u eX vKku dks
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] ;g Hh Hwy tkS6 eT gwa] varrA ;g Hh Hwy tkS4 tc le¬r 8eT9 foyhu gks
tkrk g,] rks tks 's" jg tkrk g,3ogh g, vkXdkj4 ogh g, ukn4 ogh g, A
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iwjc eX jke g,] ifπNe [qnk; g,
mRj eX vk,j nfD[u dgks dk,u jgrk`

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lkfgc og dgka g,] dgka fGj ugC g,]

fganw vk,j rqjd rksGku djrk44
fganw vk,j rqjd fefy ijs gT [Tfp eX
nkl iyIw dg, lkfgc lc eT jg,
tqnk u rfud eT lkap dgrk44
tkfg ru yxh g,] lksB ru tkfug,
tkfug, ogh lrlax7oklh
dksfI vk,"f/ djT fojg uk tk;xk
tkfgd, yxh g, fojxkalh44
u,u >juk cü;ks Hw[ uk uCn g,
nkl iyIw dg, yxh uk NwfIg,
ldy lalkj fefy djT gkalh44
gks; jtiwr lks p\P, e,nku ij]

dke vk,j ∂ks/ nqB nq‘I ;s c\Ls gT]

vtgw psr xaokj
dwn ifj tk;d, dksfI dk;k eag,]
vkx yxk; d, eksg tkj,4
nkl iyIw dgT lksB jtiwr g,
ysfg eu thfr rc vkiq gkj,449
vkt bruk gh4
eT vkidh 'jkc ls e¬r rks gksrk gwa] ysfdu gks' ugC [ksrk4 D;k dWa`
ifæpe eX vkt tks laosnu'hy vf¬r®ooknh gT] os lHh ds lHh nqA[oknh gT4 D;k
laosnuk nqA[ gh ykrh g,` D;k laosnuk ds ikl Hh dqN g,] tks lq[ vk,j nqA[ n
ksukX ls eqDr djrk g,`
igyk izæuA vki e/q'kyk eX c,Odj jkst lqcg vk,j 'ke Hj7Hj dj 'jkc ds
tke7ij7tke nsrs gT4 eT vkidh 'jkc ls e¬r gksrk gwa] ij gks' ugC [ksrk4 D;k
dWa`
/ü;Hkxh gks] de7ls7de e¬r rks gksrs gks2 vk,j Hh gT6 rqels Hh †;knk vHkxs
yksx gT] tks e¬r Hh ugC gksrs4 e¬r gksrs gks rks dHh csgks' Hh gks tkvksxs4 vπ
Ns y{< gT4 e¬r gksuk Hh dfOu g,4
e¬r gksus dk vFZ gksrk g,A eu dks [ksuk4 e¬r gksus dk vFZ gksrk g,A fu;a_< [
ksuk4 e¬r gksus dk vFZ gksrk g,A vius vgadkj ls Fks\Ls uhps mrj vkuk] Vlgklu
Nks\Luk4 e¬r gksus dk vFZ gksrk g,A fGj ls gks xS ckyd t,ls funk∆"6 fGj ls
Hj xS thou ds vkæp;Z ls6 fGj ls o1{kX dh e¬rh vk,j GwykX dh lqxa/ vk,j g
okvkX dk u1®; vFZiw<Z gks x;k4 [ks nh eu dh] xf<r dh {erk4 og tks rdZ
dk lrr tky g,] og tks rdZ dk lrr G,yko g, Hhrj] mls rks\Ldj {<Hj d
ks ckgj fudy vkS6 t,ls dksB dkjkx1g ls ckgj vk tkS4 can nhokjX vk,j can nh
okjkX ds Hhrj dh can gok] Fks\Lh nsj dks t,ls dksB Nks\Ldj ckgj vk tkS2
'qH y{< g,4 Ohd fn'k eX gks4 ysfdu izæu lkFZd g,4 igys rks e¬rh gh D;kX d
fOu g,` blfyS dfOu g,~ ~ ~ Sslh lHh ckrX dfOu gksrh gT tks rqégkjs vgadkj
ls c\Lh gT4 tks rqégkjs vgadkj ls NksIk g, vk,j rqégkjh eqØh eX vk tkS ml Hj
eX H; ugC gksrk6 rqe mlds ekfyd gks tkrs gks4 rqels c\Lk dqN Hh rqégX id\L

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ys3dksB va/\L] dksB rwGku6 tks rqels c\Lk g,6 ftl ij rqe ekyfd;r u dj l
dksxs6 ftldks rqe dgks ckSa tkvks rks ckSa u tkSxk6 ftldks rqe dgks nkSa tk
vks rks nkSa u tkSxk6 tks rqégkjh ekusxk gh ugC6 tks rqégkjh lqusxk gh ugC6 ft
ldh rqégX lquuh i\Lsxh6 ftldh rqégX ekuuh i\Lsxh6 tks rqégX tgka ys tkSxk ogka
tkuk i\Lsxk3Sslk va/\L fGj dksB Hh gks] pkgs izse dk gks] pkgs izkFZuk dk gks4
Sslk va/\L fGj dksB Hh gks] mlls rqe cpksxs] mlls rqe ?c\Lkvksxs4 ;g Fks\Lk †
;knk g,4 vk,j fGj irk ugC dgka ys tkS2 rqégkjh pkykd euksn'k Vpfrr gks t
kSxhA fGj irk ugC dgka bldk var gks2
rqégX r,juk fl[k;k x;k g,6 cguk ugC fl[k;k x;k4 vgadkj r,jus ls fu√er gks
rk g,4 vk,j r,jus dk etk Hh rHh g,] tc rqe /kjk ds foijhr r,jrs gks4 tc
unh ls y\Lrs gks] tc /kjs ds f[ykG r,jrs gks3rc vgadkj dks iwjk etk vkrk
g,4
e¬rh dk rks vFZ g,A /kjk ds lkF cg pys6 gkF7i,j Hh u fgykS6 /kjk ds gks
jgs4 /kjk tgka ys tkS3Lqck ns rks ogh lkfgy] ogh fdukjk4 vc Lwcus dh Hh
r,;kjh g,4 vk,j ys tkS nwj [kB7[ÒkX eX vk,j ys tkS lkxjkX eX] rks tkus dh r,;
kjh g,4 blfyS vkneh izse ls Ljrk g,4 vk,j blfyS vkneh HfDr ls Hh Ljrk
g,4 tc izse ls gh Lj tkrs gks~ ~ ~ Sd7nwljs ls Hh izse ugC dj ikrs gT] D;kXfd
mleX Hh ?c\LkgI yxrh g, fd va/\L g,] rwGku g,4
blfyS rks yksxkX us fookg jpk;k4 fookg izse ls cpus dh rjdhc g,4 fookg ø;
o¬Fk g,4 izse [rjk g,4 blfyS rFkdfFr cqf0ekukX us lkjh nqfu;k eX] blds i
gys fd izse dk [rjk vkS] fookg dk vk;kstu dj fn;k g,4 bl ns' eX rks ck
y fookg dj nsrs Fs4 og bl ns' ds rFkdfFr le>nkjkX dk fglkc Fk] xf<r
Fk] blds igys fd dksB toku gks tkS] toku gks tkS rks fGj rqe d,ls jksdks
xs6 va/\L vk gh tkSxk4 vk,j Sd ckj vk tkS] rks fGj i,j VtnxhHj Lxexkrs
gT4 Sd ckj ftls Lxexkus eX etk vk x;k] fGj og fG∂ ugC djrk laHyd
j pyus dh] gks' ls pyus dh4 blds igys fd izse dk va/\L vkS] fookg dh ø
;o¬Fk tek nks6 fookg ds i®FjkX dh Hh nhokj cuk nks4 vxj izse vkSxk Hh v
c] rks fookg ds Hhrj vkSxk6 [rjk ugC gksxk6 lhek js[k gksxh6 ifjHk"k gksx
h4 Sd rks vkSxk gh ugC4 †;knk ls †;knk lkgp;Z ls Sd rjg dk ¬usg i,nk gks
tkrk g,] og gks tkSxk4 nks ø;fDr lkF7lkF jgrs gT] ¬usg i,nk gks tkrk g,4 t,
ls HkB vk,j cgu eX gksrk g,] o,lk gh ifr vk,j i®uh eX Hh gks tkSxk4
rqe \tjk ns[rs gksA ijek®ek us HkB7cgu] ekrk7firk lc fnS gT] flGZ i®uh u
gC nh g,] ifr ugC fn;k g,2 mruh txg Nks\Lh Fh rqégkjs fyS eqDr gksus dks4 H
kB7cgu rks tüe ls fey tkrs gT6 pquko dk dksB mik; ugC g,6 rqégX dksB lqfo/
k ugC g,4 vk,j tgka pquko dh dksB lqfo/k ugC g,] ogka dksB ¬ora_rk d,ls gks l
drh g,` Sd gh txg [kyh Nks\Lh Fh] Sd gh }kj Nks\Lk Fk rqégkjs dkjkx1g eX]

vtgw psr xaokj
ftlls rqe 'k;n ckgj fudyrs vk,j 'k;n e¬r gksrs6 'k;n dksB [rjk eksy
ysrs] dksB pquk,rh ¬ohdkj djrs4 og rqégkjs le>nkjkX us can dj fn;k4 tks ije
k®ek us Fks\Lk7lk }kj j[k Fk] ml ij Hh bΩIX t\L nC6 ml ij Hh i®Fj pqu fn
S4
cky7fookg dk eryc gksrk g,A c\Ls gksrs7gksrs rqe ikvksxs fd t,ls HkB7cgu tü
e ls feys gT] Ssls gh i®uh Hh] ifr Hh tüe ls feyk g,4 NkssIs cπps] nw/eqags cπ
ps] fookg dj fnS xS4 mudks ;kn Hh ugC vkSxh dc mudk fookg gqvk4 os
rks gks' ds igys gh fookfgr gks xS4 tc gks' vkSxk rks os ikSaxs fd ge rks f
ookfgr gh gT4 os lnk vius dks fookfgr ikSaxs4 ;g mik; Fk izse ls cpkus dk4
vk,j tks ø;fDr izse ls Hh cp x;k] mlds thou eX HfDr rks dHh i,nk ugC gks
rh4 D;kX` D;kXfd tc rqe Sd ø;fDr ls Hh izse djus dk [rjk eksy u ys lds
] Sd ø;fDr ds lkF Hh vkx dh gksyh u [sy lds] rks fGj ijek®ek ds lkF
d,ls [syksxs` og rks egku. [rjk g,4 og rks fojkI [rjk g,4 mleX rks rqe fc¥
dqy gh feI tkus okys gks4 izse eX rks rqe Fks\Ls7cgqr tyrs] feIrs ugC4 izse eX
rks Fks\Ls7cgqr NCIs i\Lrs4 vgadkj Fks\Lk7cgqr [afLr gksrk g,] /wy7/wlfjr gksrk g,
6 fc¥dqy feI ugC tkrk4 ysfdu ijek®ek ds izse eX rks rqe vkewy tkvksxs] t\L
ls tkvksxs] dqN Hh ugC cpsxk4 ihNs yk,Idj ns[ksxs rks dksB lsrq ugC cpsxk6 l
c lsrq IwIrs tkSaxs4 vk,j Sd Sslh ?\Lh vkrh g,] t,ls cwan lkxj eX lekS] Ssls
rqe lek tkvksxs4
rks igys rks ge e¬r gksus eX gh Ljrs gT4 igyk Lj dk dkj<] fd e¬rh rqels
c\Lh g,6 rqe mls eqØh eX u ys ldksxs4
Ss fnys [qYkj] ;g vπNk fd;k
oks tks Sd yegk eljZr dk ulhckX ls feyk Fk]
mldks Hh Oqdjk fn;k4
oks eljZr D;k tks cu ldrh u gks rsjh duht
bæd g, jksts vty ls gqDejkus cgjkscj
bæd] vk,j yegkrs bljr dk xqyke`
tks gok eqØh eX vk ldrh u gks
ml gok eX lkal ysuk Hh gjke4
le>ks4 Ss fnys [qYkj] ;g vπNk fd;k2 ;s ¬okfHekuh fny] vπNk fd;k4 og t
ks Sd yegk eljZr dk ulhckX ls feyk Fk] mldks Hh Oqdjk fn;k2 og tks Sd
{< vk;k Fk vkuan dk6 og tks Sd >yd vk;h Fh ikj ls6 og Sd tks >kXdk
gok dk vk;k Fk vk,j vuar dks fNrjk x;k Fk rqégkjh psruk ij6 og tks Fks\
Lh7lh lq[ dh fdj< GwIh Fh6 og tks Sd yegk eljZr dk ulhckX ls feyk Fk
3mldks Hh Oqdjk fn;k4 vπNk fd;k4 gs ¬okfHekuh fny] vπNk fd;k mldks Oq
djk fn;k4 D;kXfd mleX [rjk Fk4 mleX H;kud [rjk Fk4 [rjk ;gh Fk fd

vtgw psr xaokj
oks eljZr D;k] tks cu ldrh u gks rsjh duht2 og vkuan rq>ls c\Lk Fk vk,j
rsjh uk,djh u djrk vk,j rsjk pkdj u curk4 og vkuan rq>ls c\Lk Fk4 og
rq>s Lqck ysrk4 rw mls viuh frtks\Lh eX can u dj ikrk4 og vkuan bruk c\Lk
Fk fd eqØh eX can gks ugC ldrk Fk4 og [qyh eqØh eX gh gks ldrk Fk4 eqØh
mleX gks ldrh Fh6 og eqØh eX ugC gks ldrk Fk4
vc ftu yksxkX dks frtks\Lh eX gh Sdek_ thou fn[k;h i\Lrk g,] os d,ls lkxj
eX mrjXxs` lkxj dks frtks\Lh eX gh rks can ugC fd;k tk ldrk2
ijek®ek ij rqe ekyfd;r rks ugC dj ldrs2 gka] pkgks rks mls ekfyd cuk
ldrs gks6 exj ekyfd;r ugC dj ldrs ml ij4 rks ftudk Vtnxh dk Pkapk
ekyfd;r eX g,6 tks dgrs gTA 8tks viuh eqØh eX g, mlh ij gekjk Hjkslk g,6 t
ks gekjk vkKkdkjh g, mlh ij gekjk Hjkslk g,6 tks gels NksIk g, mlh ij gekj
k Hjkslk g,493
rqe \tjk [;ky djks] Vtnxh eX rqe ges'k vius ls NksIs dks [kstrs jgrs gks4 rq
e vius ls c\Ls ls brus Ljrs gks ftldk fglkc ugC4 vius ls NksIs dks~ ~ ~4 rqe
vius ls cqf0 eX Hh tks NksIk g,] mlds lkF nks¬rh cukrs gks4 D;kXfd rqels tks
cqf0 eX c\Lk g, mlds lkF nks¬rh H; ykrh g,4 irk ugC og dgka ys tkS2 ml
dh cqf0 rqels Fks\Lh †;knk g,4 rqe lnk gh gj gkyr eX mls [kstrs gks tks rqégk
jk xqyke gks lds6 D;kXfd tks rqégkjk xqyke gks lds mlls gh rqégkjk vgadkj H
jrk g,] rqe ekfyd gks tkrs gks4 vc ijek®ek dks rqe viuk nkl rks u cuk l
dksxs4 ijek®ek dks rks Nks\Lks] ftügkXus izse fd;k g, thou eX] os vius izseh dks H
h viuk nkl ugC cuk ldrs4 izse fdlh dk nkl curk gh ugC4
oks eljZr D;k tks cu ldrh u gks rsjh duht4
ge mls [q'h gh ugC ekurs4 ge dgrs gTA og [q'h gh D;k] og vkuan D;k] tks
gekjh nklh u cu lds4
bæd g, jksts vty ls gqDejkus cgjkscj
bæd vk,j yegkrs bljr dk xqyke`
gekjh rFkdfFr cqf0ekuh] gekjh vgadkj ls Hjh cqf0ekuh dgrh g, fd eT v
ius izse dks fdlh pht ij fuHZj u gksus nwaxk4
bæd vk,j yegkrs bljr dk xqyke`
tks gok eqØh eX vk ldrh u gks
ml gok eX lkal ysuk Hh gjke4
;g gekjk vgadkj lnk gels dgrk g, fd tks gok gekjh eqØh eX u vk tkS m
leX ge lkal Hh u yXxs4 mleX lkal ysuk Hh gjke2 rks fGj rqe eqnkZ gok eX l
kal yksxs4 rks rqe fGj Sd can dejs dh gok eX lkal yksxs] tks rqégkjh eqØh eX g
ks4 rqe l\Lh gok eX lkal yksxs] rqe Sslh gok eX lkal yksxs] tgka ek,r rks vk ld

vtgw psr xaokj
rh g,] Vtnxh ugC vkrh4 fGj rqe [qys rwGkukX ds lkF u [sy ldksxs4 rqe fGj
c\Lh pquk,fr;ka ¬ohdkj u dj ldksxs4
vk,j ftruh c\Lh pquk,fr;ka gksrh gT] mrus gh c\Ls rqe gksrs gks4 vuar dh pquk,rh
tc dksB ¬ohdkj djrk g, rks vuar dks tkrk g,4 t,lh pquk,rh ¬ohdkj djrs gks
o,ls gh gks tkrs gks4
ge Ljs gT4 geus viuk vkaxu cuk fy;k g,4 ge mlh vkaxu eX lekS jgrs gT4
ge vkaxu ds ckgj Hh ugC >kadrs gT4
eu rqégX e¬r ugC gksus nsrk4 rks igys rks e¬rh gh dfOu4 vk,j eu dk lkjk fg
lkc ;g g,] eu dgrk g,A 8dy4 vHh t¥nh D;k` vHh vk,j Hh rks dke gT] bü
gX fucIk yks4 e¬r gh gksuk g,] dy gks ysuk4 vHh csIs dk fookg djuk g,4 vHh
nqdku pykuh g,4 vHh eqdYek y\Luk g,4 vHh gtkj dke gT4 e¬rh dk vHh o
Dr vk;k ugC4 dy] fGj Hfo‘; eX dHh e¬r gks yXxs49
eTus lquk g,A
fGj x;k Fk flj mej […;ke dk
ftlus dgkA vkt vkvks] ek,t dj yX4
dy rks ejuk g, geX
lkfF;ks] bfrgkl dk lans' g,A cgqtu fgrk;
vkt ej yX] ekj yX
dy ek,t djuk g, geX4
eu dgrk g,A vkt rks ej yX] ekj yX] dy ek,t djuk g, geX4 rks eu rkss mej
[…;ke t,ls yksxkX dks ukle> dgrk g,4
fGj x;k Fk flj mej […;ke dk
ftlus dgkA vkt vkvks] ek,t dj yX4
dy rks ejuk g, geX
e¬rh rks vHh gks ldrh g,] dy ugC4 ek,t rks vHh gks ldrh g,] dy ugC4 ft
lus dy ij Ikyk] lnk dks Ikyk6 fGj dHh gksxh gh ugC4 dy rks vkrk gh ug
C] tc Hh vkrk g, vkt vkrk g,4 tks dy chr x;k] og Hh dy vkt Fk4 vk,j
tks dy vkSxk dy] og Hh vkt gh gksdj vkSxk4 ;g vkt tks vk x;k g,]
;g Hh rks dy dy Fk4
vk,j ftlus ;g vknr lh[ yh Ikyus dh] ¬Fxu djus dh fd dy] og fGj d
Hh e¬r ugC gksrk4 vk,j bügC yksxkX dks ge cqf0eku dgrs gT4 budks ge nwjn1f‘
I dgrs gT4 ge dgrs gTA ;s gT le>nkj yksx3Hfo‘; dh ;kstuk djrs] ø;o¬Fk
djrs4 Hfo‘; dh ;kstuk vk,j ø;o¬Fk eX orZeku dks xaok nsus okys yksxkX dks ge
cqf0eku dgrs gT] orZeku ds fyS lkjs Hfo‘; dks xaok nsus okys yksxkX dks ge
ukle> dgrs gT] ikxy dgrs gT4 vk,j tks ikxy g,] ogh e¬r gks ldrk g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
blfyS rqe ikvksxs larkX vk,j ikxykX eX Sd ckr leku gkssrh g,A e¬rh4 larkX eX
dqN ikxyiu gksrk g,6 ikxykX eX dqN lariu gksrk g,4 Sdne rks Sd t,ls ugC
gksrs] exj dqN leku ckr gksrh g,4 ikxy eu ls uhps fxj x;k4 ikxy Hh eu
ds ckgj gks x;k4 lar eu ds Mij mO x;k4 lar Hh eu ds ckgj gks x;k4 nks
ukX eu ds ckgj gT] bruh ckr rks leku gksrh g,4 vk,j cgqr ckrX vleku gksrh
gT4 ikxy ijs'ku g,] D;kXfd eu ls uhps fxj x;k4 lar ije mÁkflr g,] D;kXf
d eu ds ikj mO x;k4 ysfdu eu ds nksukX ckgj gks xS4
blfyS dHh7dHh rqégX ijegalkX eX ikxyiu fn[k;h i\Lsxk vk,j dHh7dHh ikx
ykX dh ckrkX eX ijegal7iu dh Hh >yd fey tkSxh4 dHh7dHh ikxy Sslh c
kr dg nsrs gT tks cqf0ekukX ds eqag ls lquh gh ugC tkrh4 dHh7dHh ikxy c\Lh
nwj dh ys vkrs gT4 dHh7dHh ikxy Ssls opu cksy nsrs gT] tks mifu"nkX eX fy
[s tkSa vk,j osnkX eX ladfyr fdS tkSa vk,j dqjku eX ftudh vk;rX Pkyh tkSa4
vk,j dHh7dHh lar Sslh ckrX dgrs gT fd vxj eukso,KkfudkX ds gkFkX eX i\L
tkSa rks larkX dks ikxy[kukX eX j[ nX4
rqe D;k lksprs gks] jkeÎ‘< dks vxj eukso,KkfudkX ds gkF eX ns fn;k tkS rks
jkeÎ‘< dks os Nks\LXxs fcuk bykt fdS` os bykt djds jgXxs4 os rks jke7Î‘<
dh lekf/ dks fg¬Ihfj;k dgrs Fs4 fg¬Ihfj;k vk,j lekf/ eX dqN rkyesy g,4 nks
ukX gh rks csgks' gks tkrs gT4 fejxh dk ejht t,ls csgks' gksdj fxj tkrk g,] Ss
ls gh rks lekf/ dh n'k eX Hh dHh dksB e¬r gksdj fxj tkrk g,4 Mij ls ns
[us ij Hsn ugC ekywe i\Lrk4 Hsn rks Hhrj g,] ysfdu Hhrj dk,u tkS2 Hsn r
ks Hhrj g,6 Hhrj dks ns[ks d,ls2 Hsn rks c\Lk lw”e g,4 ¬Fwy rks leku g,4 tks ck
r vkadh tk ldrh g,] ekih tk ldrh g,] ;a_kX ds }kjk tkaph tk ldrh g,] og
rks fc¥dqy leku g,3nksukX csgks' i\Ls gT4 ysfdu jkeÎ‘< dh csgks'h muds tho
u dks gks' ls Hj xB] bls dksB ugC ns[rk vk,j mudh csgks'h ds ckn os d,ls i
je vkuan vk,j d,lh ije 'kafr eX d,ls dey t,ls f[ys gqS okfil yk,Irs gT bls
dksB ugC ns[rk4 fejxh dk ejht tc viuh csgks'h ds ckn ofil yk,Irk g, r
ks Fdk7gkjk] fiIk7fiIk] IwIk7IwIk3ftldk lc [ks x;k gks4 jkeÎ‘< tc yk,Irs
gT csgks'h ds ckn] rks Ssls t,ls lc fey x;k4 jke jru /u ik;ks jh2
fejxh dk ejht ?c\Lkrk g, fd vc nqckjk dgC fGj u csgks'h vk tkS4 vk,j j
keÎ‘< gks' eX vkrs gh Mij vkdk' dh rjG eqag mOkdj dgrs gT A 8vc fGj
Ssls {< dc nksxs` vc fGj dc Îik gksxh] dc izlkn cjlsxk`9 vusd ckj j
keÎ‘< tc gks' eX vkrs Fs] rks jksrs vk,j fp¥ykrs fd bruh t¥nh okfil D;kX
yk,Ik fn;k` Sslk viwoZ vkuan cjl jgk Fk] oafpr D;kX dj fn;k` Fks\Lh esjh v
k,j >ksyh Hj tkrh] rks rqégkjk D;k fcx\L tkrk` rqe rks vk,?\Lnkuh gks2 rqe da
twlh D;kX dj xS`

vtgw psr xaokj
exj ;s ckrX eukso,Kkfud dks lquk;h u i\LXxh4 Mij ls rks Ssls yxsxk fd ;g H
h 'k;n ikxyiu dk gh fg¬lk g,3;s tks ckrX gT4 ;g Hh vkneh fc¥dqy foÎr
gks x;k g,] blfyS dqN Hh vuki7'uki cksy jgk g,4
cq0 dks 'kar c,Os ns[dj rqégX Hh [;ky mOsxk fd ;g vkneh vkylh rks ugC g
ks x;k2 D;kXfd vkylh Hh Ssls gh c,O tkrs gT4 vkylh vk,j cq0 eX D;k GdZ dj
ksxs` Mij ls rks dksB GdZ ugC g,6 nksukX c,O xS gT lq¬r gksdj4 ;s cq0 fIds c,Os
gT o1{ ls] vk,j Sd vkylh Hh c,Ok gqvk g, fIdk vius o1{ ls6 u vkylh fgy
rk g, u Lqyrk g,] u cq0 fgyrs u Lqyrs4 Mij ls ns[us ij rks nksukX vkylh gT4
ifæpe ds fopkjd iwjc dks vkylh gksus dk b¥tke yxkrs gT4 vk,j muds b¥tk
e ds ihNs os ;g Hh ¬oj mOkrs gT fd iwjc ds tks euh"h gqS] mügkXus yksxkX dks
vky¬; fl[k;k] fuf‘∂;rk fl[k;h4 fufæpr gh vdeZ dh ckrX dgh gT Kkfu;kX
us4 dgk g, fd tc deZ ls rqe eqDr gks tkvksxs] rHh rqe tkuksxs3tks g,4 vc v
deZ dh ckr dk vFZ vky¬; Hh fd;k tk ldrk g,4 cq0 Hh vkylh gh rks ek
ywe i\Lrs gT6 dqN djrs7/jrs ugC] [kyh c,Os gT4 cks> gh rks ekywe i\Lrs gT4 v
xj fdlh dé;wfu¬I lekt eX i,nk gksrs rks tsy[kus eX Vtnxh chrrh ;k lk;csfj
;k eX gksrs4 phu eX gksrs rks fdlh f'foj eX Jenku dj jgs gksrs4
vHh phu eX vusd laü;klh3ykvks®lq dks ekuusokys vk,j cq0 dks ekuusokys3i\Ls
gh gT l,fud f'fojkX eX4 tcjn¬rh dks\LkX dh pksI ij fxfÈ;ka rq\Lok;h tk jgh gT4
phu eX vkt Vunk g, fd ;s lc vkylh gT4 bu vkyfl;kX eX dksB cq0 Hh gks l
drk g,4 vkf[j cq0 vknfe;kX eX gh gksrs gT2 bu vkyfl;kX eX dksB ykvks®lq Hh
gks ldrk g,4 bu vkyfl;kX eX dksB og Hh gks ldrk g, tks vdeZ dh n'k dks
miyç/ gks x;k4 ysfdu og rks ckr Hhrj dh g,6 d,ls GdZ djksxs`
vdeZ eX vk,j vky¬; eX d,ls GdZ djksxs` Mij ls nksukX Sd7ls fn[k;h i\Lrs gT4
GdZ Hhrj g,4 vkylh eqnkZ gksrk tkrk g,4 vdeZ dh n'k eX thou dh †;ksfr
vk,j Hh izxk\Prk ls tyrh g,4 vkylh tc vka[ [ksysxk rks mldh vka[ eX rqe
/qa/ ikvksxs4 vk,j tc vkylh dh vka[ eX rks rqe /qa/ ikvks rks xk,j ls ns[ukA rq
e mlds Hhrj cgqr /qvka7/qvka ikvksxs] va/sjk ikvksxs4 mlds thou eX dgC tho
u7MtkZ u gksxh6 thou dh rjax u gksxh6 yiI u gksxh6 †;ksfr u gksxh4 fGj v
deZ dks miyç/ ø;fDr dh vka[ eX >kaddj ns[ukA ogka rqégX fojkI7fojkI vkdk
' fn[k;h i\Lsxk3tgka ckny ugC g,6 tgka /qa/ g, gh ugC4 tgka lwjt vius iwjs
izdk' eX ped jgk g,4 vk,j ogka rqe thou dh c\Lh yiI ikvksxs4 ogka nh;k c
gqr izxk\Prk ls ty jgk g,4 fu‘dai g, psruk mldh6 daiu ugC gksrk4 D;kXfd v
c deZ gh ugC rks daiu d,lk2 ysfdu eqnkZ ugC g,4
eqnkZ vk,j lekf/¬F eX dqN GdZ le>rs gks` dHh7dHh lekf/¬F eqnkZ ekywe gks
ldrk g,4 dHh7dHh eqnkZ lekf/¬F ekywe gks ldrk g,4 Mij ls ns[us ds mik
; ugC gT4

vtgw psr xaokj
blhfyS mej“…;ke t,lk lwGh Gdhj Hh xyr le>k x;k4 mej[…;ke ds laca/
eX tks Hh rqégkjh /kj<k g,] lc xyr g,4 mlus ftl 'jkc dh ckr dgh g,] o
g 'jkc[kukX eX fcdus okyh 'jkc ugC g,4 mlus ftl izs;lh dh ckr dgh g,] o
g gk\L7ekal7e†tk dh izs;lh ugC g,4 mlus 8izs;lh9 ijek®ek dks dgk g,4 vk,j m
lus 'jkc 8HfR9 dks dgk g,4 fGI.tjk¥L us] ftlus mej[…;ke dk lcls igys
vaxzsth eX vuqokn fd;k vk,j ftlds dkj< mej[…;ke txr.7fo“;kr gqvk] mej
[…;ke dks le>k gh ugC4 fGI.tjk¥L rks 'jkc dk eryc le>k4 ifæpeh vkn
eh Fk4 mlus rks nks vk,j nks pkj le>s4 mlus rks 'jkc dks 'jkc le>k vk,j 8
izs;lh9 dks izs;lh le>k4 lwfG;kX dk viwoZ earø; Ssls Sd c\Lh xyrGgeh dk f
'dkj gks x;k4 fGj fGI.tjk¥L ds vuqokn ds vk/kj ij lkjh nqfu;k dh Hk"k
eX vuqokn gqS vk,j lc txg Hwy G,yrh pyh x;h4 vkt rks 'jkc?jkX ds uke
mej[…;ke gT4 blls †;knk ukle>h vk,j dqN ugC gks ldrh4
eafnjkX ds uke gksus pkfgS mej[…;ke6 'jkc7?jkX ds ugC4 D;kXfd ftl e/q'ky
k dh mej[…;ke us ckr dgh g,] og vk,j gh g,4
Sd Sslh Hh e¬rh g,] tks csgks'h eX ys tkrh g,6 vk,j ftlds Hhrj ls c\Lk xgjk
gks' mOrk g,4 ysfdu bl e¬rh dh igyh 'rZ g, fd rqe dy ij er Ikyks4
dy ij Ikyuk eu dh rjdhc g,4
;gka eq>s lqurs gks] ftlus lkspk fd Ohd g,] ckr rks Ohd yxrh g,] lkspXxs7fopk
jXxs] dHh djXxs3mlus u djus dk bartke dj fy;k4 eT ;gka rqels dqN djus
dks ugC dg jgk gwa4 eT dg jgk gwaA Fks\Lh nsj esjs lkF Lksy yks4 ;g chu ctrh
g,] rqégkjs Hhrj fNis lkai dks Fks\Lk Lksy ysus nks4 rqégkjs Lksyus ls rqégkjs Hhrj
dk lkai Lksysxk4 ftldks ge dqaLyuh dgrs gT] mldks geus liZ ds Wi eX gh l
kspk g,4 fdlh dh chu ctrh gks rks rqégkjs lkai dks Fks\Lk Lksy ysus nsuk4 Ikyuk
er4 gksf';kjh er j[uk4 ;g er lkspuk fd vkl7ikl c,Os yksx D;k le>Xxs4
dksB D;k dgsxk fd 8vki vk,j Lksyrs gT2 i\Ps7fy[s] le>nkj] cqf0eku] izfrf‘O
r3vki Lksyrs gT2 Ssls LksyX ukle>] ean7cqf03pysxk6 vki cqf0eku gT] vki Lks
yrs gT29
vgadkj jksd ysxk4 vk,j Lj Hh yxrk g, fd Lksyus dk var dgka gksxk2 ;g rks
'qQvkr g,] fGj bldk var dgka gksxk2 cqf0 lc fglkc igys dj ysuk pkgrh
g,4 cqf0 gj pht dks nks vk,j nks pkj gkX] bldk bartke dj ysuk pkgrh g,4
dkOekaLw ls esjs Sd laü;klh vkS gT A 8vQ<94 fdlh us f'oiqjh ckck ij fdrkc
fy[h g,] mügkXus esjs fyS vQ< ds lkF fdrkc Hsth g,4 NksIh7lh fdrkc g,] ys
fdu î;kjh g,4 f'oiqjh ckck î;kjs vkneh Fs4 Fks\Ls7ls vknfe;kX eX bl lnh eX] f
tuds Hhrj ijek®ek dk okl Fk] Sd Fs4 os dksB iTrhl lky rd lkjh nqfu;k
eX ;k_k djrs jgs3pqipki] Sd vKkr vkneh dh Hkafr2 mu ;k_kvkX eX os nqf
u;k ds c\Ls7c\Ls yksxkX ls feys4 vycIZ vkba¬Ihu ls Hh feyuk mudk gqvk4 vyc

vtgw psr xaokj
IZ vkba¬Ihu ls mudh tks ckr gqB] mleX f'oiqjh ckck us dgkA 8vki D;k lksprs
gT nks vk,j nks pkj gksrs gT`9 vkba¬Ihu us dgkA 8fufæpr nks vk,j nks pkj gksrs
gT] bleX Hh D;k iwNus dh ckr g,29
f'oiqjh ckck us dgkA 8ysfdu esjk Sd fuosnu g,] nks vk,j nks pkj ugC gks ld
rs4 Sd vk,j Sd nks ugC gks ldrs] D;kXfd ;gka nks phtX Sd t,lh gT gh ugC6 t
ks\Lksxs d,ls` ;gka nks 8Sd9 Sd t,ls gT gh ugC] iz®;sd pht bruh vf}rh; g,2 S
d vk,j Sd feydj nks gks ldrs gT] vxj Sd vk,j Sd fc¥dqy Sd t,ls gkX4 e
xj dksB pht Sd t,lh ugC g,49
rqe dgrs gks] Sd vkneh dejs eX g,] Sd vk,j vkneh vk x;k rks nks vkneh g
ks xS4 exj ;s nks vkneh brus fHU gT] budks nksukX dks Sd7Sd ekudj pyksxs]
Sd t,lk ekudj pyksxs` xf<r eX /ks[k gks tkSxk4 bleX Sd vkneh Î‘< t,
lk gks ldrk g,] Sd vkneh dal t,lk gks ldrk g,4 nksukX Hhrj tkSa rks nks ug
C gksrs4 Î‘< vk,j dal gkX rks Sd7nwljs dks dkI nXxs4 ;k bueX dksB etuw vk,j
y,yk gks ldrk g,6 ;s nks Hhrj tkSa rks nks tq\Ldj Sd gks tkSaxs] nks ugC cpXxs4
fuHZj djsxk4 lnk Sd vk,j Sd nks ugC gksxk vk,j lnk nks vk,j nks pkj ugC g
kXxs4 dHh Sd vk,j Sd feydj Ls\P gh gksxk6 dHh Sd vk,j Sd feydj Sd g
h gksxk6 dHh Sd vk,j Sd feydj nl Hh gks ldrs gT4 dfOu g, dguk4
dgrs gT vkba¬Ihu pqi gks x;k vk,j lkspus yxkA ckr rks lp Fh4 Vtnxh xf<r
ls Fks\Lh †;knk g,4 Vtnxh jg¬;iw<Z g,4 xf<r lkjs jg¬;kX dks lekîr dj nsrk g,4
e¬rh dk vFZ g,A xf<r ds ckgj mOuk6 rdZ ds ckgj mOuk4 rdZ dkepykM g,4
cktkj eX Ohd g,6 eafnj eX \tjk Hh Ohd ugC4 vk,j tc rqe dke7/ke eX yxs
gks] fglkc7fdrkc dj jgs gks] mi;ksx dj ysuk] ysfdu bl Hzkafr eX er i\Luk
fd ;gh rqégkjh Vtnxh gks tkS4 dqN >jks[s [qys j[uk4 dqN >jks[s [qys j[uk]
tgka ls rkth gok Hh cgrh jgs4 dqN jg¬; dh laHkouk [kyh j[uk4 Sslk u
le> ysuk fd rqeus lc tku fy;k4
ftlus lkspk fd lc tku fy;k] mlls †;knk c\Lk vKkuh bl txr. eX vk,j dksB
ugC g,4 D;kXfd mldk Kku gh vc mls vk,j tkuus dh ;k_k ij u tkus nsxk4
;gka dk,u dc lc dks tku ikrk g,2 ftügkXus tkuk g,] mügkXus dgkA ftruk †;knk
geus tkuk] mruk tkuus dks 's" ik;k4 ftruk ge tkurs xS] mruk gh yxk
dqN Hh rks ugC tkurs4
e¬r gksus dk vFZ gksrk g,A rqe vius flj eX gh lekîr ugC gks6 rqégkjs ikl Ôn
; Hh g,4 [ksi\Lh gh rqégkjh vk®ek ugC g,6 rqégkjh vk®ek rqégkjh [ksi\Lh ls c\Lh
g,4 rqégkjs Hhrj Ssls Vcnq Hh gT] tgka nks vk,j nks ikap Hh gksrs gT] vk,j nks vk,j
nks rhu Hh jg tkrs gT vk,j dHh nks vk,j nks Sd gh jg tkrk g,4 rqégkjs Hhr
j Sslh laHkoukSa] vk;ke Hh gT] tgka xf<r ø;FZ gks tkrs gT] rdk˜ eX dksB lkj
ugC jg tkrk6 tgka rdZ dh fu‘ifR dk dksB ew¥; ugC gksrk6 tgka dkø; dk

vtgw psr xaokj
vkfoHkZo gksrk g,4 rqégkjs Hhrj Ssls Ôn; dk Ûksr Hh g,] tgka izse tüerk g,]
dkø; tüerk g,6 tgka xhr yxrs gT6 tgka Gwy f[yrs gT6 tgka ls jg¬; mexrk
g,] lekf/ i,nk gksrh g,4
tc rqe Lksyrs gks] tc rqe e¬r gksrs gks] rks rqe flj ls uhps mrj jgs gks4 rqé
gkjh MtkZ flj ls mrjus yxh vk,j Ôn; ij i\Lus yxh4 rqégkjk >juk Ôn;ksüeq
[ gqvk4 Lksyuk flGZ Lksyuk gh Fks\Ls g,4 vxj 'jhj dks gh fgyk jgs gks rks csd
kj dljr dj jgs gks6 mldk dksB ew¥; ugC g,4 rqe fgyk jgs gks] rc rks fc¥dq
y gh ew¥; ugC g,4 fgy jgk g,4 rqe jksdks Hj er] bruk dkGh g,4 rqe jksdks
rks jksd ldrs gks4 exj fgykvks rks fgyk ugC ldrs4 bls eT nksgjk nwa4 rqe jksd
ks rks jksd ldrs gks4 flj ekfyd cu tkSxk vk,j Ôn; dks dksB xqatkb' u Nks\Ls
xk6 tathjkX eX Lky nsxk vk,j dg nsxkA 8rw vKkuh g,] va/k g,4 Qd2 pqi29 J10k
dks mOus u nsxk4 izse dks foÏy u gksus nsxk4 flikgh dh rjg laxhu ysdj [\L
k gks tkSxk4
vk,j Ôn; cgqr dksey g,3Gwy dh rjg dksey g,4 vc Gwy eX rqe laxhu pqHk
nksxs rks laxhu ugC IwIsxh] Gwy gh IwI tkSxk4 Ôn; cgqr dksey g,4 cgqr dkse
y rarq gT Ôn; ds2
rqe pkgks rks jksd ldrs gks daiu] ysfdu rqe i,nk ugC dj ldrs4 rqe Sslh ps‘
Ik djds fgyus yxks rks ldZl gks tkSxk4 rqe ps‘Ik djds fgy ldrs gks3vπNh
dok;n gks tkS] vπNk ø;k;ke gks tkS3ysfdu pwd tkvksxs4 blls Hhrj dk
lkai u fgysxk4 igys rks rqeus ckalqjh gh u lquh] chu gh u lquh4
rks fgykus dh ps‘Ik er djuk4 gka] jksdus dk Hko u vkS] bruk Hj ÷;ku j[
uk4 tc mOus yxs dksB meax rks rqe Nks\L nsuk fG∂ yksd7ykt dh4 rks e¬r gks
ikvksxs4
dc rd gokS 'k,d ls fny dks cpkbS]
ek,le dk tks Hh e'ojk gks] eku tkbS4
tc clar vk x;k gks vk,j tc gokvkX eX jax gks vk,j GwykX eX xa/ gks vk,j i{h
xhr xkus yxX] vk,j eksj vius ia[ G,yk nX] rks fGj cpkuk er4
dc rd gokS 'k,d ls fny dks cpkbS]
ek,le dk tks Hh e'ojk gks] eku tkbS4
tc clar vkS rks vius Ôn; ds }kj [qys Nks\L nsuk4
ih g, vxj 'jkc rks dqN yq®G mOkbS]

vtgw psr xaokj
D;kX bruh Ssfrgkn` \tjk y\L[\LkbS2

D;kX bruh Ssfrgkn` bruh lko/kuh Hh D;k2 brus lko/ku gks7gksdj er pfy
S4 ;gka vk gh xS gks] vxj Fks\Lh 'jkc ih gh yh g,~ ~ ~8ih g, vxj 'jkc rks
dqN yq®G mOkbS49 rks fGj Fks\Lk yq®G] fGj Fks\Lk jax cgus nks4 fGj Hhrj d
ksB Lksys rks Lksyus nks4 Hhrj dksB xquxqukbS rks xquxqukus nks4 jksekap gks vkS rks
gksus nks4 vkalw cgX rks cgus nks4
ih g, vxj 'jkc rks dqN yq®G mOkbS]
bruh Hh lko/kuh D;k` bruh Hh gksf';kjh D;k` dHh rks Sslk djks fd gksf'
;kjh dks gIkdj j[ nks4 dHh rks Fks\Lh nsj dks gksf';kj u jgks4 dHh rks Fks\Lh
nsj ds fyS funk∆" gks tkvks] ukle> gks tkvks4 dHh rks Fks\Lh nsj ds fyS fGj
ckyor. gks tkvks4
thll us dgk g,A 8tks cπpkX dh Hkafr gT] os gh esjs izHq ds jk†; eX izos' dj l
dXxs49 Ohd gh dgk g,] lk, izfr'r Ohd dgk g,4 bl ns' eX rks ge lnk ls dg
rs jgs gTA tks fGj ls ckyor. gks tkrs gT] os gh lar gT4 blfyS larkX dks f}t d
grs gT3nqckjk mudk tüe gks x;k6 os fGj cπps gks xS4
gj czk‰< f}t ugC g,] [;ky j[uk4 D;kXfd gj czk‰< czk‰< gh ugC g,4 ftl
us cz‰ dks tkuk] og czk‰<6 vk,j tks fGj ls tüek4 Sd rks tüe eka7cki ls fe
yrk g,6 og rks lHh dks feyrk g,6 mlls dksB f}t ugC gksrk4 vk,j tusM /kj
< djus ls dksB f}t ugC gksrk4 fdldks /ks[k ns jgs gks` f}t gksrk g, dksB] nq
ckjk] tc eu dh /wy dks gIk nsrk g,] rdZ dks lesIdj j[ nsrk g, vk,j fGj
ckyor. psruk dks vius Hhrj mexus nsrk g,4
ih g, vxj 'jkc rks dqN yq®G mOkbS
D;k flGZ vkf'dh e; g,] uklg ft;kus fny]
viuk rks bjknk Fk fd tka rd xaokbS4
Ljrs D;kX gks` fny dh gkfu dk Lj yxrk g,` yxrk g, fd izse eX dgC fny Lw
c u tkS] dgC [ks u tkS`

vtgw psr xaokj
D;k rqeus ;gh lkspk g, fd izse eX fny xaokuk i\Lrk g,] fny [ksuk i\Lrk g,` ;
g rks dqN Hh ugC g,4 ;g rks 'qQvkr g,4 viuk rks bjknk Fk fd tka rd xaokb
S4 izk<kX rd dks xaokuk i\Ls rks Hh r,;kjh j[uh pkfgS] D;kXfd izk< dks xaokd
j gh dksB ml ije izk< dks ikrk g,4 vius dks [ksdj gh dksB ijek®ek gksrk g,
4
viuk rks bjknk Fk fd tka rd xaokbS4
okbt c;kus [q¥n cgqr [wc g, exj
Sd jkst mldh c†e eX Hh gksdj vkbS4
eq>s lqurs gks4 eT rqels tks dg jgk gwa] ;g rks [cj g, ml yksd dh tks eTus ns
[k4 ;g rks [cj g, ml c†e dh] tks eTus ns[h4 ;g rks [cj g, ml clar dh]
tks eTus ns[k4 ;g rks [cj g, mu GwykX dh] tks eTus f[ys ns[s4 bügX lqudj rqe
e¬r gks tkvks ;g rks Ohd6 ysfdu ;g dksB vafre ckr ugC g,3tc rd fd rq
e ml o†e eX u gks vkvks6 tc rd fd rqe Hh ml n'Zu dks miyç/ u gks tk
vks4
rks ;gka ls rks î;kl ysuk4 vxj e¬r gh u gqS rks î;kl gh u tkxsxh4 ;gka rks
Fks\Ls î;kl dks c\Pkus dk ek_ mik; g,4 rqe [wc î;kls gks tkvks4 Ssls î;kls gks tk
vks fd î;kl gh î;kl cps] fd rqe tyus yxks î;kl ls2
okbt c;kus [q¥n cgqr [wc g, exj2 eT fdrus gh vπNs Pax ls rqégX dgwa] eT fd
rus gh Pax ls rqégX le>kMa6 ysfdu tks Hh eT dgwaxk] rqe rd igqaprs7igqaprs 'ç
n jg tkSaxs4 'jkc rks [ks tkSxh] 8'jkc9 'çn jg tkSxk4 ijek®ek rks [ks t
kSxk] 8ijek®ek9 'çn rqégkjs dkukX eX lqukB i\Lsxk4 vFZ rks esjs gh Hhrj jg t
kSaxs] dksjs 'çn rqe rd igqapXxs4 ysfdu dHh7dHh] tc rqe cgqr7cgqr eq>ls tq\
Ls gksrs gks] rks bu 'çnkX eX vIdk7vIdk Fks\Lk7lk 'wü; Hh igqap tkrk g,4
Sslk gh le>ks fd 'jkc ds ikl j[h7j[h dksB pht Hh Fks\Lk7lk u'k ys yh g
ks6 'jkc ds ikl j[h7j[h Fks\Lh7lh 'jkce; gks xB gks4 exj ;g dqN nwj rd
tkusokyh ckr ugC g,4 blls ;k_k 'qW gks tkS] izkjaH gks tkS3i;kZîr4 tkuk
rks rqégX gh g, mlds njckj eX4
okbt c;kus [q¥n cgqr [wc g, exj

vtgw psr xaokj
Sd jkst mldh o†e eX gksdj vkbS4
e¬r gksvks] rks rqe eq>ls tq\Ls4 csgks' gks tkvks rks rqe mldh o†e eX gks vkS4
e¬r gqS] rks esjk xhr rqégX Nqvk4 csgks' gqS rks rqégkjk njoktk [qyk4
vc rqe iwNrs gks fd eT e¬r rks gks tkrk gwa] ij gks' ugC [ksrk4 vk/k7vk/k
dj jgs gks4 blls rqe c\Lh v\Lpu eX i\Lksxs4 blls u lalkj ds jgksxs] u izHq ds
gks ikvksxs4 blls rks vπNk g, e¬r Hh u gksvks4 ;g rks rqe [rjk eksy ys jgs
gks4 ;g rks rqe Hkjh >a>I eX i\L tkvksxs4 ;g rks rqe ?j ds jgksxs u ?kI ds4
;g rks lalkj eX rqégkjk etk de gks tkSxk vk,j ijek®ek eX tkus dh fgéer
u tqIk ikvksxs4 vId tkvksxs] f_'adw gks tkvksxs] chp eX jg tkvksxs4 ;g c\Lh
nqfo/k dh n'k gks tkSxh4
vc tc e¬r gh gks jgs gks rks tc Fks\Lh vk,j fgéer djks4 vc rqe brus nwj H
h vk xS] rks vc Fks\Lh vk,j fgéer lgh4 vc Fks\Ls csgks' Hh gksvks4 vk,j ÷;ku
j[uk] ;g csgks'h Sslh g,] ftls gks' i,nk gksrk g,4 ;g csgks'h 'jkc dh csgks'h
ugC g,] lk/kj< 'jkc dh csgks'h ugC g,4 ;g csgks'h ijek®ek dh 'jkc dh cs
gks'h g,4 bleX tks vkneh ftruk csgks' gksrk g,] mruk gks' dks miyç/ gksrk g,
4 vHh rqe ftls gks' dg jgs gks] og csgks'h g,3lalkj dh csgks'h4 vHh rqeus f
tldks tkxj< le>k g,] og flGZ uCn g,4
Jh vjVon us dgk g, fd rc rd lekf/ u Gyh Fh] rc rd eTus ftls fnu l
e>k Fk og jkr ls Hh cnrj jkr fl0 gqB6 vk,j ftldks eTus thou le>k Fk]
og ek,r ls Hh cnrj ek,r Fh6 vk,j ftldks eTus ve1r le>k Fk] og tgj lk
fcr gqvk4 lekf/ ds ckn lkjk ew¥;kadu cny tkrk g,6 iquA ew¥;kadu gksrk g,4
vHh rqe ftldks tkxj< dgrs gks] og tkxj< ugC g,] lekf/ ds ckn dk4 og
rks flGZ vka[ [qyh uCn g,4 vka[ Hj [qyh gT vk,j rqe lks jgs gks4 uCn eX gh
rqe py jgs gks4 uCn eX gh rqe mO jgs gks4 uCn eX gh rqe ckrX dj jgs gks4 rqé
gkjs Hhrj c\Lh ra–k g,] ewπNkZ g,] izekn g,4
vxj rqe Fks\Ls7Fks\Ls Lwcus yxs e¬rh eX vk,j fGj csgks' gqS] rks rqe c\Ls g,jku g
ks tkvksxs4 b/j rqe csgks' gksvksxs lalkj ds izfr] m/j Sd uS gks' dk izkjaH g
ksxk4 b/j ckgj ls vka[ can gksxh vk,j Hhrj vka[ [qysxh4 b/j nsg Hwysxh vk,j
vk®ek dk ¬ej< vkSxk4 b/j lalkj dh vkik7/kih dk [;ky fo¬ej< eX py
k tkSxk] lalkj ds izfr csgks' gks tkvksxs] rks r®{< rqe ikvksxs fd izHq ds lü
eq[ [\Ls gks4
;gh Fh n'k jkeÎ‘< dh] tc os csgks' gks tkrs Fs] rks lalkj dks Hwy tkrs Fs]
viuh nsg dks Hwy tkrs Fs4 ;kn vk tkrh Fh ije î;kjs dh4 izHq ds lüeq[ gks
tkrs Fs4
rks eT rqels dgwaxkA bruk fd;k] vc bruk vk,j Hh djks4 e¬r gqS3Sd dne
mOk;k6 vc nwljk Hh mOkvks4 vk,j nks gh dne dh nwjh g,4 vk,j nks gh dne ls

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eafty iwjh gks tkrh g,4 igyk dneA e¬rh6 nwljk dneA csgks'h4 vk,j rhljs d
ne ij rks rqe cprs ugC] ijek®ek gh cprk g,4 ;g nks dne dk gh Gklyk g,
4
ek,les xqy g,] gok b_ Glka g, lkdh
ns[ xqytkj ij tUr dk xqeka g, lkdh4
ek,les xqy g,2 clar vk x;k2 Gwy f[ys4 gok b_ Glka g, lkdh4 vk,j gok eX b
_ gh b_ fc[jk gqvk g,4
ek,les xqy g,] gok b_ Glka g, lkdh
ns[ xqytkj ij tUr dk xqeka g, lkdh4
ns[] clar eX ¬oxZ mrjk g,2
vkt fGrjr us xqfy¬rka eX myI nh g, udkc
vkst ij fd¬ers lkgc] utjka g, lkdh4
vkt ijek®ek dh utj rqe ij i\Lh4
vkt fGrjr us xqfy¬rka eX myI nh g, udkc4
tc Hh dksB cq0iqQ"3cq0 ;k egkohj ;k eksgéen ;k Î‘< ;k ∂kb¬I3rqégkjs c
hp vkrk g, rks clar vkrk g,4 t,ls ijek®ek viuh udkc myI nsrk g,6 viuk
cqdkZ mOk nsrk g,6 viuk ?wa?I gIk nsrk g,4 ge ?wa?I Lkys gqS ijek®ek gT4 cq0
us ?wa?I mOk fn;k4
vkt fGrjr us xqfy¬rka eX myI nh g, udkc
vkst ij fd¬ers lkgc] utjka g, lkdh4
oks ?Ik >wedj mOh] oks tokuh cjlh
vkt nqfu;k dh gj bd pht toka g, lkdh4

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ns[ fdl 'ku ls e,[kus dh tkfuc g, joka
nhnuh lj [q'h S ckn dlka g, lkdh4
e¬r gks tkvksxs rks e,[kus dh vksj ftl e¬rh ls tkvksxs] og e¬rh ns[rs gh c
usxh4 eafnj dh vksj eqn∆ dh rjg tkrs gks3Sd dRZø; fuHkus4 ef¬tn pys tkrs
gks] D;kXfd tkuk g,4 xqQ}kjs eX flj iId vkrs gks] D;kXfd D;k djX] izfr‘Ok dk
loky g,2 ysfdu e¬rh ugC fn[kB i\Lrh4 vk,j tc rd rqe y\L[\Lkrs gqS eafn
j dh rjG u tkvksxs] t,ls7t,ls eafnj ds ikl igqapksxs o,ls7o,ls vk,j u y\L[\Lkus
yxksxs3rc rd csdkj g,4 lc tkuk csdkj g,6 ø;FZ esgur u djks4 vk,j y\L[\Lk
uk vk tkS rks eafnj ?j gh vk tkrk g,6 rqe tgka gks ogC vk tkrk g,4
ns[ fdl 'ku ls e,[kus dh tkfuc g, joka
nhnuh lj [q'h g, ckn d'ka g, lkdh
Ssls ek,le eX fgekdr g, reUkS cfgær
;s teC x,jrs xqytkjs tuka g, lkdh4
vk,j tc cq0 bl tehu ij gksrs gT] rks fGj cfgær dh ckr djuk gh csdkj g,
] ¬oxZ dh ckr gh djuk csdkj g,4 Ssls ek,le eX fgekdr g, reUkS cfgær4 f
Gj rks ge ukle> gkXxs tks ¬oxZ tkus dh lkspX4 ¬oxZ lkeus g,4 fGj rks ikxy
gkXxs] tks ijek®ek dh ckr djX4
ln.xqQ lkeus g,4 mleX Lwcks ogC ls }kj fey tkSxk4 curs7curs cu tkSxh4
cur cur cfu tkB
gfj ds pj< yxs jgks js HkB4
exj ;kn j[ks] fgéer rks pkfgS gh4 blfyS iyIwnkl ckj7ckj dgrs gTA lksB
jtiwr~ ~ ~ ogh g, jktiwr] tks mrj tkS ;q0 ds e,nku eX vk,j rc rd u yk,Is
tc rd thr gh u ys4 vius dks xaok ns4 vius dks nkao ij yxk ns4 ysfdu r
c rd u yk,Is] tc rd ije thr u gks tkS4
vk,j ije thr D;k g,` ije thr ogh3vius dks xaok nsuk g,4 geus vius dks b
ruk †;knk ltk j[k g,] laokj j[k g,2 geus vius vgadkj dks brus Vlgklu i
j fcOk fn;k g, fd ijek®ek ds fyS geus viuh txg [kyh gh ugC Nks\Lh4 rqe
\tjk Vlgklu [kyh djks4 rqe \tjk ckgj vkvks4 rqe 'wü; gks tkvks rks ijek®e
k mrjs4 tc rqe csgks' gksvksxs] rHh rqe 'wü; gksvksxs4 vk,j bruk eT rqégX ;kn f

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nyk nwa4 vkt rks ;g ckr gh dh ckr gksxh] D;kXfd rqe ml c†e eX vHh xS
ugC4 vkt rks esjs Hjksls ij rqégX ¬ohdkj dj ysuk gksxk6 dksB vk,j mik; ugC4
vkt rks rqégX ;g ckr flGZ ladsr ek_ gksxh fd ftl fnu dksB vkneh Ohd ls
csgks' gks tkrk g, ijek®ek ds fyS] mlh fnu gks' vkrk g,4 ;g ckr myIckal
h g,4
;g 'jkc tks eT rqégX fiykuk pkgrk gwa] fiyk jgk gwa] vxj rqe ihus dks jkth g
ks xS vk,j rqeus daO ls uhps mrkj yh3rks rqe igyh nGk thou eX gks' ls Hj
ksxs4 igyh ckj rqégkjs Hhrj †;ksfr dk M÷oZxeu 'qW gksxk4 igyh ckj rqégkjs
lius [ks tkSaxs vk,j lalkj [ks tkSxk4 igyh ckj rqe ?j vkvksxs4
nwljk izæuA ifæpe eX vkt tks laosnu'hy vf¬r®ooknh Vprd gT os lHh ds lH
h nqA[oknh gT4 D;k laosnuk nqA[ gh ykrh g,` D;k laosnuk ds ikj Hh dqN g,] t
ks lq[ vk,j nqA[ nksukX ls eqDr djrk g,` Îik djds le>kbS4
euq‘; Sd orqZy g,4 fufæpr gh iz®;sd orqZy dk dX– gksrk g,4 rks euq‘; ds Hhr
j nksukX gT3dX– vk,j ifjf/4 dX– g, rqégkjh vk®ek4 vHh dgrk gwa 8vk®ek96 ftl
fnu tku yksxs] ml fnu dgwaxk ijek®ek Sd gh pht g,4 lks;k jgs rqégkjs Hhr
j ijek®ek rks vk®ek6 tkx xS rks ijek®ek4
rqégkjs Hhrj Sd rks dX– g,3vk®ek ;k ijek®ek4 vk,j rqégkjh ifjf/ g,3'jhj
;k lalkj4 lk/kj<rA vkneh nksukX dh rjG lks;k gqvk g,6 u mls Hhrj ds ije
k®ek dk irk g,] u mls ckgj ds lalkj dk dqN gks' g,4 pyk tk jgk g,3uCn eX
pyk tk jgk g,4
rqeus lquh gksxh u ckr] dB yksx uCn eX pyrs gT4 'k;n rqeeX ls Hh dksB py
rk gks4 D;kXfd o,Kkfud dgrs gT] gj nl vkneh eX Sd vkneh uCn eX pyus dh
{erk j[rk g,4 brus yksx ;gka gT] nl7ikap vkneh rks tWj uCn eX pyrs gh
gkXxs4 fu–k eX pyuk ftlls gksrk g,] og [qn Hh pkTdrk g, lqcg mOdj4 mlls
dgks rks ekurk ugC4 jkr tc mls rqe uCn eX pyrs ns[ksxs] rqe Hh pkTdksxsA
mldh vka[ [qyh gksrh g, vk,j og uCn eX gksrk g,4 vxj mls rqe txk nks rks o
g Sdne pkTd i\Lsxk vk,j dgsxkA 8D;k ekeyk g,`93cgqr ?c\Lk tkSxk4
eukso,Kkfud dgrs gTA uCn eX pyrs fdlh vkneh dks txkuk er] vü;Fk cgqr
?c\Lk tkSxk4 Ôn; dk nk,jk Hh i\L ldrk g,4 D;kXfd og rks lksprk g, fd fc¬
rj ij lks;k g, vk,j vpkud rqeus mOk fn;k vk,j c,Od[kus eX [\Lk g,3rks og
?c\Lk tkSxk4 uCn eX pyrs fdlh vkneh dks txkuk er4
vk,j uCn eX vkneh c\Lh lqfo/k ls py ysrk g,4 de7ls7de vius edku eX rks
c\Ls ets ls py ysrk g,4 lc vknr g,6 ;a_or g,4 lc mls ekywe g,A njoktk d
gka g,] nhoky dgka g,] dqlñ dgka j[h g,4 fnu eX Hh dHh7dHh dqlñ ls Idjk t

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krk g,] Iscy eX /Ddk yx tkrk g,] njokts ls i,j yx tkrk g,6 ysfdu jkr eX
tc pyrk g, uCn eX] rks dgC /Ddk ugC yxrk] vka[ [qyh jgrh g,4
dkj nq?ZIukvkX ds laca/ eX eukso,KkfudkX us cgqr7lh [kstX dh gT4 ik;k x;k fd
jkr rhu cts ls ikap cts ds chp lokZf/d nq?ZIukSa gksrh gT4 tks L≠kboj jkrHj
pykrs gT] os rhu vk,j ikap ds chp ?IukSa gksrh gT4 lokZf/d dkj7nq?ZIukSa4 m
l ij cgqr v÷;;u djus ij irk pyk g, fd rhu vk,j ikap ds chp vf/d yks
xkX ds fyS uCn dk le; g,3xgjk ls xgjk le; g,4 jkr eX nks ?aIs vkneh lokZ
f/d lksrk g,4 vxj os nks ?aIs mls lksus dks fey tkSa rks rktk cuk jgrk g,4 v
xj os nks ?aIs lksus dks u feyX rks og vkO ?aIs Hh lks;k jgs rks Hh rktk ugC g
ksrk4 bu nks ?aIs eX euq‘; dk rkieku uhps fxj tkrk g,] nks fLxzh uhps fxj tk
rk g,4 blhfyS rqégX lqcg ikap cts ds djhc Fks\Lh lnñ ekywe gksrh g,6 yxrk
g,] Sd dacy vk,j gks4 lnñ c\Prh ugC] rqégkjk rkieku fxj tkrk g,4 vk,j tc
nks fLxzh rkieku fxjrk g, nks ?aIs ds fyS] rks ogh lcls xgjh uCn dk le;
g,4 ;s lcdh vyx7vyx gksrh gT] ;g Hh [;ky j[uk4
dksB vkneh nks ls pkj ds chp rkieku ikrk g, de gks x;k] rks nks vk,j pkj
ds chp lksuk mlds fyS Sdne tWjh g,4 mlds ¬ok¬ƒ; ds fyS] ekufld larqy
u ds fyS] ;s nks ?aIs vfuok;Z gT4 Sslk vkneh vxj pkj cts mO vkSxk] mls
dksB v\Lpu u gksxh4 Sslk vkneh cz‰eqgwrZ eX mO ldrk g, vk,j nwljkX dks ikih
le>sxk4 vk,j nwljkX dks le>kSxk fd 8cz‰eqgwrZ eX mOuk pkfgS4 eq>s ns[ks29
ysfdu ftl vkneh dk pkj vk,j NA ds chp nks ?aIs rkieku fxjrk g,] mldh c\
Lh eqfædy g,6 og ugC mO ldrk g, pkj cts4 vxj og mO Hh vkS rks fnuH
j ijs'ku gksxk] fnuHj flj Hkjh gksxk] uCn vkrh jgsxh4 vk,j ;g tks pkj cts
mO vkrk g,] ;g mldks ikih crkSxk4 rks vijk/7Hko Hh i,nk gks x;k fd eT
Hh d,lk rkelh vkneh4 ;g lc ew\Prkiw<Z fl0kar g,4
ysfdu jkr eX nks ?aIs lcdk rkieku fxjrk g,4 vyx7vyx le; ij fxjrk g,4
iqQ"kX dk vkerk,j ls rhu vk,j ikap cts ds chp eX fxjrk g,4 vk,j f¬_;kX dk
vkerk,j ls ikap vk,j lkr ds chp eX fxjrk g,4 blfyS ifæpe dh ø;o¬Fk †;k
nk o,Kkfud ekywe i\Lrh g, fd ifr mOdj lqcg dh pk; cukS6 i®uh ugC4 m
lds fyS lksus dk oDr g,4 iwoñ; ø;o¬Fk vo,Kkfud ekywe i\Lrh g, fd i®uh i
gys mOs] ?j >kLw7cqgkjh yxkS] pk; b®;kfn cukS] fGj ifr dks mOkS] ifrns
o mOX rks muds fyS bartke djX4 ;g †;knk vo,Kkfud g,4 de7ls7de vk/qfud
'ks/ bldh lgefr eX ugC g,4
rks iqQ" rhu vk,j ikap ds chp tc xgjh uCn eX mrj tkrs gT] ogh dkj nq?ZIu
kvkX dk le; g,4 eukso,KkfudkX us ik;k fd rhu vk,j ikaap ds chp vusd L≠kboj
vka[X rks [qyh j[rs gT vk,j Hhrj lks tkrs gT4 vka[X [qyh jgrh gT4 ns[ jgs gT4
ikl eX c,Ok gqvk vkneh ;g ugC ikSxk fd os lks jgs gT6 vka[ [qyh g, vk,j os

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>idh [k xS4 og tks >idh [k tkuk g,] ogh nq?ZIukvkX dk lcls c\Lk dkj<
g,4 eukso,Kkfud dgrs gT fd ;g vxj dkj< feIk fn;k tkS rks ipkl izfr'r
nq?ZIukSa de gks tkSaxh exj bldks feIkuk cgqr eqfædy ekeyk g,4 og rhu
vk,j ikap ds chp rks >idh vkSxh gh4
eT rqels ;g dguk pkg jgk gwa fd vka[ [qyh gks] rc Hh uCn gks ldrh g,4 vk,
j ftldks ge tkxj< dgrs gT] ;g vka[ [qyh uCn g,4 u geX Ohd7Ohd lalkj
dk irk g,] u Ohd7Ohd geX viuk irk g,4 geX irk dqN Hh ugC g,4 ge rks p
ys tk jgs gT ;a_or4 Ssls vkneh dks u rks c\Ls nqA[kX dk irk gksrk g,] u c\Ls lq
[kX dk irk gksrk g,4 Sslk vkneh rks /Dds eX pyrk tkrk g,4 Ssls vkneh dh [
ky c\Lh eksIh gksrh g,3laosnughu] bulTflfIo gksrk g, vkneh4 blfyS lk/kj<
vkneh dks nqA[ irk ugC pyrk4
cq0 fp¥ykrs gT fd nqA[ g,] lkjk thou nqA[ g,3tüe nqA[] thou nqA[] tokuh
nqA[] tjk nqA[] e1®;q nqA[] lc nqA[ gh nqA[ g,4 rqe lqu Hh ysrs gks] ysfdu rqé
gX le> eX ugC vkrk g,] fd lc nqA[ gh nqA[ g,4 cq0 cgqr laosnu'hy ø;fDr
gT4 vly eX i1ƒoh ij brus laosnu'hy ø;fDr de gh gqS gT4 mudh laosnu'hyr
k bruh izxk\P g,] blfyS mügX lc nqA[ fn[k;h i\Lrk g,4 tgka rqégX Gwy ekywe
i\Lrs gT] ogka Hh mügX dkaIs ekywe i\Lrs gT4 ;g rks rqégkjs Mij fuHZj g,4
vxj rqe Ohd ls v˙;kl djks jkst7jkst] l“r fc¬rj ij lksus dk vk,j fGj v˙
;kl c\Pkrs tkvks] rks Sd fnu rqe dkaIkX ds fc¬rj ij Hh lks ldrs gks4 dk'h
eX rqégX fey tkSaxs yksx lksrs gqS dkaIs ds fc¬rj ij4 og v˙;kl dh ckr g,4 m
udh laosnu'hyrk fc¥dqy ej x;h g,4
rqe pfdr gksvksxs] fdlh fnu vius csIs dks dguk] ;k viuh i®uh dks] ;k vius
ifr dks] fd Sd lqB ysdj rqégkjh ihO eX dB txg pqHkSa4 rks dqN txg rks
rqe vuqHo djksxs fd pqHu gks jgh g,] dqN txg rqégX irk ugC pysxk6 ifr pq
Hk jgk g, vk,j rqégX irk ugC py jgk4 'jhj eX Ssls dB Vcnq gT] tks fc¥dqy la
osnu'wü; gT4 vk,j dB Vcnq gT tks cgqr laosnu'hy gT4 vxj ø;fDr v˙;kl djs
rks lkjk 'jhj laosnu'wü; gks ldrk g,4
vk,j thou eX bruk nqA[ g,] bl dkj< ge lHh us fdlh u fdlh rjg ds v˙;
kl dj fyS gT] rkfd irk u pys4 rqe jk¬rs ls fudyrs gks] Sd vkneh Hh[
ekax jgk g,4 vc vxj rqe laosnu'hy ø;fDr gks rks rqégX ih\Lk gksxh4 D;kXfd rq
e bl lekt ds fg¬lsnkj gks] ftl lekt us bl vkneh dks Hh[ ekaxus ij et
cwj dj fn;k4 rqégX ih\Lk gksxh4 rqégX ijs'kuh gksxh4 rqe tk jgs Fs dke djus d
ks] rqégkjk fpR bleX my> x;k4 vc rqégkjs dke eX v\Lpu gksxh4 rqe vxj d
fo gks vk,j Sd dfork mO jgh Fh vk,j vkdk' eX ckny f?js Fs vk,j c\Lk lkTn
;Z dk rqégX Hko gks jgk Fk3Sd fH[eaxs dks ns[dj lc [jkc gks x;k4 dfork
[ks xB6 myIk jks" i,nk gks jgk g,4 nqA[ vk,j mnklh vk x;h4 rqe vnkyr tk

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jgs Fs dke djus] vc ;g fH[kjh rqégkjk ihNk djsxk4 blds ?ko rqégX ;kn
vkrs jgXxs4 rqe Hkstu djus tk jgs Fs] vc Hkstu u dj ldksxs] mcdkB vkSx
h4 rqeus blds tks ?kokX ls Hjk 'jhj ns[k g, l\Ld ds fdukjs] og Hwysxk ugC4
rqe Hkstu djksxs] bldh nqxΩ/ rqégkjs vklikl f?jh jgsxh4
vc djuk D;k` ;g lekt eX cgqr nqA[ g,4 rks mik; Sd gh g,A laosnu'wü; gks
tkvks4 bl rjg dh irZ vks\P yks vius pkjkX rjG] dop /kj< dj yks fd fH
[kjh Hh[ ekaxrk jgs] rqégX irk u pys] rqe fudy tkvks6 dksB fdlh dks ekj
rk jgs] rqe fudy tkvks6 dqN Hh gksrk jgs] rqégX Vprk u gks4 rqégX viuh gh V
prkSa cgqr gT6 vxj rqe cgqr laosnu'hy gks tkvks rks rqe th;ksxs d,ls`
rks Sd etsnkj ?Iuk ?Irh g,] fd vkneh ds pkjkX rjG bruk nqA[ g,] mlds
chp ls Sslk r,jrk pyk tkrk g, t,ls dgC nqA[ g, gh ugC4 exj [;ky j[uk]
tc rqégkjh laosnuk bruh eqnkZ gks tkrh g, fd rqégX nqA[ dk irk ugC pyrk] r
ks blds lkF gh lkF rqégkjs lq[ dh laosnuk Hh eqnkZ gks xB6 ;s nksukX lkF7lkF
pyrh gT] Sd gh vuqikr eX gksrh gT4 ftl vkneh dks bl fH[kjh ds ?ko ugC
fn[kB i\Lrs] mls dey dk Gwy Hh fn[kB ugC i\Lsxk4 Sd gh vuqikr gksrk g,4
vxj dey dk Gwy ns[uk g,] rks fH[kjh ds ?ko Hh ns[us i\LXxs4 vxj Gwy d
k lkTn;Z vk,j Gwy dk e[eyhiu ¬i'Z djuk g, rks dkaIs dh ih\Lk Fh vuqHo dj
uh i\Lsxh4 vxj rqeus gkF Ssls dj fyS fd dkaIkX dk irk gh ugC pyrk rks fG
j Gwy dk Hh irk ugC pysxk4
ftlus nqA[ dh laosnuk jksd yh] mls lq[ dk Hh irk ugC pyrk4 vk,j nqA[ dk
Gh g,6 blfyS lq[ Hh [ks x;k g,4 ge lc laosnu'wü; gks xS gT4
fGj tc dksB lekt laiU gksrk g,] rks /hjs7/hjs og tks nqA[ ls cpus ds fyS
geus laosnuk 'wü; dj j[h Fh] mldh tWjr ugC jg tkrh4 blfyS ifæpe eX
;g ?Iuk ?I jgh g,4
rqégkjk izæu g,A 8ifæpe eX vkt tks laosnu'hy vf¬r®ooknh Vprd gT] os lHh
nqA[oknh gT4 D;kX`9
dkj< g,4 ifæpe eX nqA[ de gks x;k g,4 ;g rqégX cgqr g,jkuh dh yxsxh ckr]
fojks/kHklh yxsxh4 rqe le>ksxs fd ;g eT D;k dg jgk gwa2 ifæpe eX nqA[] ck
gj fn[kB i\Lusokyk nqA[] de gks x;k4 l\LdkX ij xanxh ugC g,4 yksx Hh[ ug
C ekax jgs gT4 xjhc ugC cpk g,4 fH[eaxk ugC g,4 cπpkX ds isI] Hw[ vk,j xyr
Hkstu djus ls c\Ls ugC gT4 yksx lqanj gks xS gT4 nsg ¬o¬F gqB g,4 yksx †;knk
th jgs gT4 de ls de ckgj Sd rjg dh laiUrk vk xB g,4 thou dk Pkapk
Mij mOk g,4 pwafd thou dk Pkapk Mij mO x;k g,] ifæpe ds vkneh dks lqfo
/k g, fd og vius dop dks Fks\Lk de dj ys6 vc cpus dh dksB tWjr ugC

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g,] ckgj nqA[ de g,4 pwafd ckgj nqA[ de g,] cpus dh tWjr ugC g,] blfyS
ckgj †;knk nqA[ fn[kB i\Lsxk4
iwjc eX nqA[ bruk †;knk g, fd rqe ej gh tkvksxs] vk®eg®;k dj yksxs3vxj
rqeus laosnu'hyrk izdI dh4 rqe ?j ls cktkj rd ugC igqap ikvksxs6 chp eX f
dlh >k\L eX yIdk dj vius dks] ej tkvksxs4 pkjkX rjG vlÍ ih\Lk g,4 dksB
fo/ok jks jgh g,4 dksB Hw[k ej jgk g,4 dksB fH[eaxk cπpk rqégkjk di\Lk id\
Ls gqS rqégkjs ihNs gh Hkxrk tk jgk g,6 rqe f>>drs tkrs gks4 rqe dgrs gksA 8
Nks\L] Hkx ;gka ls2 dgC vk,j tk29 t,ls rqégkjs ikl Ôn; ugC g,2 Ôn; j[dj
djksxs d,ls` Ôn; j[dj pykvksxs d,ls` Ôn; j[dj pys rks dqN gksus gh ok
yk ugC g,4 i,lk ysdj xS Fs lçth [jhnus] dksB fH[eaxk ys ysxk4 cπps ds fy
S nok [jhnus xS Fs] dksB fo/ok ys ysxh4 thvksxs d,ls` ?j d,ls yk,Iksxs` Hq[
ejh bruh g,] nqA[ bruk g,3vxj ckaIus pys rks rqe nqA[h gksdj ej tkvksxs4
vc vius dks cpkuk g,] rks Sd gh mik; g,A [wc eksIh pe\Lh dj yks4
blfyS ifæpe ls yksx vkrs gT3;gka cgqr fe_ ifæpe ls gT3mu lcdks Sd r
dyhG [\Lh gksrh g,4 fujarj izæu iwNs tkrs gT~ ~ ~ dksB Hkjrh; izæu ugC iwNrk
fd l\LdkX ij fH[eaxs gT] ge D;k djX` ysfdu gj jkst fdlh ifæpe laü;klh
dk izæu vk tkrk g, fd ÷;ku rks Ohd g,] ysfdu pkjkX rjG bruh xjhch vk,j
fH[eaxkiu g,] blds fyS D;k fd;k tkS` blds fyS D;k djuk i\Lsxk` jkst
gh dksB ikæpk®; dk izæu gksrk g, fd eq>s ÷;ku ls vkuan Hh vk jgk g,] ysfdu
ckgj vkJe ds tkus eX c\Lh ?c\LkgI gksrh g,4 pkjkX rjG fH[eaxkiu g,4 njo
kts ds ckgj fudys fd fH[eaxs [\Ls gT4 blds fyS D;k fd;k tkS` budh Vprk
eu dks lrkrh g,4
ysfdu dksB iwoñ; ugC iwNrk4 dksB Hkjrh; ugC iwNrk4 bu ikap lkykX eX Sd
Hkjrh; us izæu ugC mOk;k4 dkj< g,4 Hkjrh; iwNs rks thS d,ls` thuk eqfæd
y gks tkSxk4 Hkjrh; dks viuh laosnuk {h< dj ysuh i\Lh4
cq0 us dgk FkA nqA[ g,4 D;kXfd cq0 Sd laiU ifjokj eX i,nk gqS Fs vk,j cpi
u ls gh mügX nqA[ ls cpk;k x;k Fk vk,j lq[ dh lkjh lqfo/kSa [ksyh xB FC4
lqanjre f¬_;ka muds ikl FC] lqanjre Hkstu Fk] lqanj o¬_ Fs] lqanj egy Fs4
gj ek,le ds fyS vyx egy firk us cuok fnS Fs4 ckgj tkus dh eukgh Fh4
D;kXfd †;ksfrf";kX us dgk FkA vxj ;g ckgj x;k vk,j mlus lalkj dk nqA[ ns
[k rks laü;klh gks tkSxk4 blfyS Lj ls cq0 dks Hhrj gh Hhrj jksdk Fk4 lqan
j laxhr dk vk;kstu Fk4 lqanj urZfd;ka ukprh FC4 lc vk;kstu Sslk Fk fd c
kgj tkus dk cq0 dks eu gh u vkS4 blh ls >a>I gks xB4 cq0 dop u i,nk
dj ikS3og tks dop Hkjr eX Sdne tWjh g,4 os ckgj dk [ksy ugC cuk ik
S4 [ksy cuk gh ugC6 tWjr gh u Fh4

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Sslk gh le>ks uk fd rqe tc twrs gh igudj pyrs gks lnk] fGj Sd fnu \tj
k fcuk twrs ds jk¬rs ij pydj ns[ks] rc rqedks irk pysxk fd dad\L cgqr †;
knk gT4 ysfdu tks vkneh fcuk twrs ds py gh jgk g, Vtnxh ls6 mldks dad\LkX
dk irk gh ugC pyrk4 dad\L D;k] og vaxkjs ij py tkS rks irk ugC pyrk
4 i,j l“r gks xS gT4 i,jkX us lqj{k dj yh g,4 i,jkX us viuk vk;kstu dj fy;k
g,4 i,j twrs cu xS gT4
blfyS rqe tkdj xkao ds xzkeh< vkneh dk i,j ns[ks4 mldk i,j twrs dk ryo
k g,] vkneh dk i,j ugC g,4 mldks i,j dguk Ohd ugC4 'jhj us bartke dj f
y;k6 twrk ugC fn;k rks 'jhj us [qn gh twrk cuk fy;k6 i,j mldk twrk gks x
;k4 vc og ets ls pyrk tkrk g,3dkaIs eX] dhp\L eX] dck\L eX3dqN irk ugC
pyrk mls4 'gj dk vkneh vk tkS rks c\Lh eqfædy eX i\L tkrk g,6 Sd7Sd
dne pyuk eqfædy gks tkrk g,4
cq0 dks v\Lpu [\Lh gks xB] D;kXfd cq0 dks dop i,nk ugC gqvk4 cpiu ls gh
xS gksrs ckgj] ns[s gksrs fH[eaxs] ejrs gqS yksx] cw\Ps] dks\Ph viax] va/s3;g l
c ns[k gksrk rks /hjs7/hjs7/hjs7/hjs pksI i\Lrs7i\Lrs i\Lrs7i\Lrs mügkXus lqj{k dk
mik; dj fy;k gksrk4 og lqj{k i,nk u gqB4 fGj Sd fnu v\Lpu gks xB4 tk
uk rks i\Lsxk gh Sd fnu bl nqfu;k eX4 dc rd jksd ldrs gks2 uxj eX egks®l
o Fk3;qod egks®lo3vk,j cq0 mldk mn.?kIu djus tk jgs Fs4 ¬oHkorA jkt
dqekj mn.?kIu djsxk4 tc os jk¬rs ij xS rks c\Lh eqfædy [\Lh gks xB4 gIk f
nS xS jk¬rs ls yksx] dksB cw\Pk fudys uk4 [cj dj nh xB Fh4 LqaLh ihI nh x
B Fh4 dksB chekj jk¬rs ij u fudys4 ysfdu D;k djksxs] jk¬rs jk¬rs gT2 Sd cw\
Pk vkneh ?j eX ls ckgj fudy vk;k vk,j [kalus yxk4 gks ldrk g,] ns[us fu
dy vk;k gks6 gks ldrk gks fd u jksd ik;k gks vius eu dks fd ns[ ys jktdq
ekj dks] n'Zu dj ys4 vk,j [kalh vk xB4
ml cw\Ps dks ns[dj cq0 us vius lkjFh ls iwNkA 8bls D;k gks x;k g,` bl vkn
eh dks D;k gks x;k`9 cq0 us cw\Pk ugC ns[k Fk] blfyS cq\Pkik Hh Sd c\Lk izæ
u cudj [\Lk gks x;k4 bl vkneh dks gks D;k x;k g,` Sslk vkneh d,ls gks x;
k ;g` dej >qdh tkrh g,4 gkF7i,j lw[ xS gT vk,j [kal jgk g,4 cq0 us fdlh
dks bl rjg Q≈< Hh ugC ns[k Fk4 pe\Lh lw[ x;h g,4 vka[X /al x;h gT4 gÒh
7gÒh fudyh g,4 isI ihO ls yx x;k g,4 bl vkneh dks D;k gks x;k`
lkjFh us dgkA eT vkidks D;k dgwa2 Sslk lHh vknfe;kX dks gks tkrk g, varrA4
;g cq\Pkik g,4 ;g dksB chekjh ugC g,4 ;g Vtnxh dk lgt ∂e g,4
cq0 us r®{< iwNkA D;k ;gh n'k esjh Hh gks tkSxh` vkt rd ;g izæu mOk
gh u Fk4
lkjFh us dgk fd eq>s {ek djX] >wO ugC cksy ldrk vkils vk,j lp dgus eX
Hh Ljrk gwa4 gks rks tkSxk4 ;g lHh dks gksrk jgk6 dksB Hh viokn ugC4

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rks cq0 us dgkA okfil yk,Ik yks jF4 vc ;qod egks®lo dk mn.?kIu djus dh
dksB tWjr ugC jgh4 eT cw\Pk gks gh x;k4 vc D;k ;qod2 rqe okfil pyks4
okfil yk,Irs oDr ns[k fd Sd vkneh ej x;k] mldh vFñ fudy jgh g,4 b
l vkneh dks D;k gks x;k` vk,j lkjFh us dgkA ;g ml vkneh ds vkxs dh n'
k g,4 og tks vHh jk¬rs eX ns[k Fk [kalrs7[a[kjrs] ;g mlds ckn dh vo¬Fk g,
4 ;g vkneh ej x;k4
cq0 us dgkA D;k eT Hh ej tkMaxk` lkjFh us dgkA lHh ejrs gT6 dksB Hh vi
okn ugC4 vk,j egy ds }kj ij cq0 dh vka[X va/sjs ls Hjh gT6 gkF7i,j Lxexk
jgs gT4 tc os egy ds }kj ij mrjrs gT] rc mügkXus laü;klh ns[k3Sd x,fjd
o¬_/kjh laü;klh4 mügkXus iwNkA bl vkneh dks D;k gqvk` ;g x,fjd o¬_ D;kX i
gus gqS g,`
lkjFh us dgkA ;g vkneh mu nksukX dks tks gks x;k] mldks ns[dj cpus dk m
ik; [kst jgk g,4 og tks cw\Pk gks x;k] og tks ej x;k3bl vkneh dks fn[k;h
i\L x;k fd thou eX nqA[ g,] nqA[ ds ikj d,ls tkSa] bldh ;g ps‘Ik eX yxk
g,4 ;g dksf'' eX yxk g,4 ;g laü;klh g,4 ;g egkthou dks [kstus pyk g,3Ssl
k thou] tgka nqA[ g,] Sslk lkspdj blus thou dk ®;kx dj fn;k g,4 ;g ve1
r dh ryk' eX g,4 ;g ve1r dk ;k_h g,4
mlh jkr cq0 Hkxs xS4 mlh jkr x,fjd o¬_ izhfrdj gks xS4 mlh jkr x,fjd
o¬_kX eX jax xS4 mlh jkr laü;kl dk tüe gks x;k4 ;g †;ksfrf";kX dh c\Lh
Îik Fh fd mügkXus cq0 ds firk dks le>k;k fd bls ckgj er tkus nsuk4 ugC
rks fdrus jktdqekj gksrs gT] Ssls gh cq0 Hh [ks xS gksrs2
eT rqégX ;g le>kus ds fyS dg jgk gwa fd ifæpe eX vkt o,lh gkyr gks x;h
g, t,ls dHh7dHh iwjc eX fdügC7fdügC jktiq_kX dks miyç/ Fh4 vkt ifæpe eX
lk/kj< vkneh dks og miyç/ g,] tks jktkvkssa dks dy miyç/ ugC Fk4 lk/kj
< vkneh bu lqfo/kvkX dks miyç/ dj fy;k g,] tks jktiq_ rjlrs gT4 vxj v
kt vdcj vkS ;k paxst[ku ;k ukfnj'kg ;k usiksfy;u] rks Sd lk/kj< vkn
eh ftl lq[n Vtnxh dks th jgk g, ckgj] mls ns[dj B‘;kZ ls Hj tkSaxs4
bldk ifj<ke ;g gqvk fd ifæpe ds ikl tks dop g,] og /hjs7/hjs IwIus yxk
4 tks cq0 dks gqvk Fk] Sd vkneh dks] og ifæpe eX vkt cgqr fopkjdkX dks
gks jgk g, fd thou eX nqA[ g,] nqA[ gh nqA[ g,4 vf¬r®ookn c\Lh egÂoiw<Z ?I
uk g,4
rqeus dHh lkspk] t,ukX ds pk,chl rhFΩdj jktkvkX ds csIs gT] D;kX` rqeus dHh l
kspk] cq0 jktk ds csIs gT] D;kX` rqeus dHh lkspk VgnqvkX ds lc vorkj jktkvkX
ds csIs gT] D;kX` dkj< g,4 ogh dkj< dke dj jgk g,4 laiUrk gks vk,j pkjkX
rjG lq[ gks] rks vkneh nqA[ ls cpkus dk dop ugC cukrk4 vk,j fGj vxj nq
A[ ds lkeus vk tkS rks nqA[ pqH tkrk g,] Nkrh eX rhj dh rjg yx tkrk g,

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4 blfyS vf¬r®ookn dk tüe gqvk4 vk,j vf¬r®ookn dk tüe gqvk] Sd la;ksx
eX nwljs egk;q0 eX D;kXfd nwljs egk;q0 ds igys rd Sd laiUrk dh /kjk jg
h vk,j ifæpe lksp jgk Fk igaqp jgs gT 'h[j ij vk,j fGj Sdne ls /\Lke ls
fxjk vk,j lc rjG nwA[ dh /kjk cg xB4 [wu gh [wu fNrj x;k4 lc rjG
e1®;q uaxk ukp djus yxh4 e1®;q dk rkaLo u1®; gqvk] mls ns[dj] ml f¬Ffr
dks vuqokn djds vf¬r®ookn dk tüe gqvk4
ifæpe ds fopkjd ckgj ds izfr tkxWd gks xS gT] blfyS nqA[ g,4 t¥nh gh
vf¬r®ookn nwljk dne ysxk4 vxj ysxk rks ifæpe /k√ed gks tkSxk6 ftldh
laHkouk jkst c\Prh tkrh g,4 ifæpe ds /k√ed gksus dh laHkouk g,4 iwjc eX rks
lwjt Lwc x;k4 lwjt vc ifæpe eX mxsxk4 iwjc eX rks dé;qfu†e dh laHkouk
g,6 /eZ dh dksB laHkouk ugC4 iwjc eX rks ukjk lektokn dk g,4 /eZ b®;kfn
dh cdokl dk,u djrk g,2
eq>ls yksx vkdj iwNrs gT fd vkids ikl lkjh nqfu;k ds yksx pys vk jgs gT]
ysfdu Hkjrh; brus m®lqd ugC ekywe gksrs gT2 Hkjrh; d,ls m®lqd gkX` Hkjr
h;kX dh m®lqdrk nwljh g,4 os ifæpe dh rjG tk jgs gT3fdlh dks o,Kkfud cu
uk g,6 fdlh dks bathfu;j cuuk g,] fdlh dks fGthfl¬I cuuk g,6 dksB SIkfed
Sutñ dk v÷;;u djus tk jgk g,4 Hkjr dh izfrHk ifæpe tk jgh g, fd d,
ls ge †;knk laiU gks tkSa] d,ls lektokn vkS] d,ls o,Kkfud IsdukŒykŒth vkS4
vk,j ifæpe ls tks cqf0eku g,] og Hkxk iwjc dh rjG vk jgk g, fd ge [ks
t yX tks cq0 iqQ"kX us dgk g,4 blds igys fd ifæpe bl nqA[ ds cks> ls ncd
j ej tkS] ge fdlh rjg [kst yX vius Hhrj lq[ dh dksB fdj<4 ckgj rks
nqA[ gh nqA[ g,6 ge Hhrj eq\L tkSa vk,j Hhrj lq[ dks [kst yX4
vf¬r®ookn ∂kafr dh 'qQvkr g,4 vf¬r®ookn us igyh ?ks"<k dj nhA txr. nqA
[ g,4 vxj txr. nqA[ g,] rks vc nwljh ?ks"<k dh tWjr g,A rks fGj ge dgka
lq[ [kstX` ckgj lq[ ugC g,] rc Sd gh mik; cprk g, fd ge Hhrj vk,j
[kstdj ns[ yX4 rks Sd rks ifjf/ ds izfr ifæpe tkx x;k g,] vc mls vk®ek
ds izfr tkxuk g,] dX– ds izfr tkxuk g,4 vc mls] mls ns[uk g, tks Hhrj g,4
ckgj nqA[ g,] Hhrj dks ns[uk g,4 vk,j ftügkXus Hh Hhrj ns[k mügkXus 'kæor lq
[ ik;k] ¬oxZ ik;k4
vf¬r®ookn ifæpe eX vkusokys /eZ ds fyS izHkr dh csyk g,4 lwjt t¥nh gh
mxsxk4 Hksj gks x;h g,4 vHh Hksj dπph g,6 t¥nh idsxh4 ;g tWjh ugC g, fd
tks vf¬r®ooknh gT os gh /k√ed cuXxs6 ysfdu vf¬r®ookn Hksj cu x;k g,4 bl
ds ckn dh tks ih\Ph g,] og /k√ed cusxh4 og cu jgh g,4
nwljs egk;q0 eX vf¬r®ookn i,nk gqvk vk,j nwljs egk;q0 ds ckn tks cπps ifæp
e eX i,nk gqS gT] mudh Qfp /eZ eX viwoZ Wi ls g,4 ;qok4 vkt tks esjs ikl ;qo

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k gT] os lc nwljs egk;q0 ds ckn i,nk gqS cπps gT6 mUhl lk, iTrkyhl lky ds
ckn mudh tüefrfF g,4
vf¬r®ookn us igyh Hwfedk r,;kj dj nh] cqfu;kn j[ nh6 vc eafnj cu jgk
g,4 vk,j ;g fc¥dqy u,l√xd izf∂;k ls gks jgk g,4 tc dksB laiU gksrk g,] rHh
/k√ed gks ldrk g,4 /eZ laiUrk dh vkf[jh MapkB g,4 foiU vkneh /u [kst
rk g,6 ÷;ku ugC4 chekj vkneh vk,"f/ [kstrk g,6 vk®ek ugC4 ¬o¬F vkneh v
k®ek [kstrk g,4 laiU vkneh ÷;ku [kstrk g,4
blfyS eT dgrk gwa fd /eZ bl txr. dh vafre] vafre MapkB g,4 ftlus lc i
k fy;k g,] ogh /eZ dks [kstus pyrk g,4 tc rd dqN ikus dks cpk g, lalkj eX
] rc rd /eZ dh [kst 'qW ugC gksrh4
blfyS ;g Hh rqe [;ky j[ ysuk] eq>ls vusd yksx iwNrs gT fd laiU ø;fDr
gh D;kX vkids ikl vkrs gT` laiU gh [kst ldrk g, /eZ4 foiU vHh vk,j ph
tX [kstus eX yxk g,4 Hw[s Htu u gksB xksikyk2 og tks Hw[ ls Hjk g,] og vH
h Hkstu [kst jgk g,] Htu d,ls [ksts2 vk,j vxj dHh Htu Hh djrk ikvks m
ls] rks Hkstu dh ryk' eX gh Htu dj jgk g,] [;ky j[uk4 og l®;lkbΩ ck
ck ds ikl tk ldrk g,] D;kXfd ogka yxrk g, mls fd 'k;n pe®dkj gks vk,j
Hkstu fey tkS6 Ikax IwIh g,] Ikax Ohd gks tkS6 chekjh g,] chekjh nwj gks tkS
6 uk,djh ugC yxrh] uk,djh yx tkS4 tc vkneh 'wü; ls jk[ i,nk dj jgk g,
vk,j 'wü; eX ls rkcht fudyrs gT] rks fGj dqN Hh gks ldrk g,4 blfyS xy
r Pax ls yksx l®;lkbΩckck ds ikl bdØs gkXxs3os gh yksx] tks /k√ed ugC gT4
lalkj ls dqN pkgrs Fs] lalkj eX ugC feyk6 pyks l®;lkbΩ ckck ls 'k;n fey
tkS4 Sd laHkouk cph g,] ogka pys tkSa4 chekjh g,] Ohd ugC gksrh6 uk,djh
yxrh ugC6 fookg gksrk ugC6 y\Ldh c\Lh gks x;h] vc fdlh ds vk'hokZn ls gks
tkS4
exj ;g [kst /eZ dh [kst g,` rks fGj lalkj D;k g,` blfyS lalkjh vkneh
dks pe®dkjh yksx [wc izHkfor djrs gT4 lalkjh vkneh /eZ ls izHkfor ugC gks
rk] pe®dkj ls izHkfor gksrk g,4 eqdYek py jgk g, dksB] pquko eX y\Luk g,3
og tkrk g,4 og l®;lkbΩ ckck ds ikl igqap tkrk g, fd pyks vc pquko eX [\
Ls gqS gT] ckck vk'hokZn ns nks4 ysfdu /eZ ls mls D;k ysuk7nsuk g,2
[;ky j[uk] tc 'jhj dh tWjrX iwjh gks tkrh gT] rks eu dh tWjrX i,nk gks
rh gT4 tc eu dh tWjrX iwjh gks tkrh gT] rc vk®ek dh tWjrX i,nk gksrh gT4
tks vkneh Hw[k g,] mlds lkeus rqe fidklks ds fp_ j[ks vk,j okaxkŒx ds fp_
j[ks] og flj OkXd ysxk4 og dgsxkA ;g dkgs ds fyS j[ jgs gks] eq>s Hw[ y
xh g,2 ;s fidklks] okaxkŒx] ;g fcFksou dk laxhr] ;g eks\tIZ] ;g dkfynkl3gI
kvks budks ;gka ls] tykvks budks2 og gksyh eX Lky nsxk rqégkjs lc dkfynkl
vk,j rqégkjs lc 'sDlih;j4 mls D;k iz;kstu g, buls` mls D;k eryc dkø; dh

vtgw psr xaokj
xgjkb;kX ls` mls Nan'k¬_ eX mrjus dh dgka lqfo/k2 og laxhr ds ljxe eX
d,ls Lwcs2
vk,j eT dqN ;g ugC dgrk fd og xyr djrk g,4 ;g ¬okHkfod g,4 blfyS
tc Hh ns' xjhc gksrk g,] mldh la¬Îfr cgqr vksNh gks tkrh g,] {q– gks tkrh
g,] nks dk,\Lh dh gks tkrh g,4 Js‘O dk dksB ¬ohdkj ugC jg tkrk4 vfHtk®;
dk fojks/ gks tkrk g,4 ;g dqN vkæp;Ztud Fks\Ls gh g, fd rqégkjs dkfynkl H
oHwfr lc jktkvkX ds njckj eX iys gT4 ;g dqN vkæp;Ztud Fks\Ls gh g,4 ;g d
ksB I≠sL7;wfu;u Fks\Ls gh budks iky ldrk g,4 I≠sL7;wfu;u dkfynkl] dks ikys] ;
g ckr gh fGtwy g,4 I≠sL7;wfu;u dgsxk fd egkjkt dkfynkl] vki iqjkuk dke
'qW djks] ydf\L;ka dkIks6 dfork b®;kfn ls dqN pkfgS ugC4 gksxk D;k dfork
ls2 ge ejs tk jgs gT4 dé;wfute pkfgS] dfork ugC4 vki fGj ogh yd\Lh dk
Ius yxks] t,ls vki igys dkIrs Fs6 myIs c,Odj vc rks Hh pysxk4 ;g dgka dh
cqf0eRk vki c?kj jgs gks`
;g la¬Îr Hk"k dk lkTn;Z] ;g ykfy®;2 ij bls tkuus ds fyS vfHtk®; pkfg
S] Sd vfj¬Iks∂slh pkfgS4 vk,j eT rqels dguk pkgrk gwaA /eZ lc ls c\Lk vfH
tk®; g,] lcls c\Lh vfj¬Iks∂slh g,4 vkt ;g cr dguk Hh dfOu g,] D;kXfd ;g
ckr gh [rjukd ekywe i\Lrh g,4 vkt rks vfj¬Iks∂slh ds i{ eX dksB Sd 'ç
n cksyus dks r,;kj ugC4 tks vfj¬Iks∂sI gT] os Hh ugC cksy ldrs6 dk,u viuh G
kalh yxokuh g,4 tks vfj¬Iks∂sI gT] os Hh dgrs gTA lektokn Vtnkckn2
lektokn cgqr uhps ry dh ckr g,4 tWjh g,] gksuh pkfgS4 yksxkX ds isI Hjus
pkfgS4 ysfdu thll Ohd gTA e,u d,u ukŒI fyo ck; czsL vyksu4 ysfdu vkneh
vdsyh jksIh ls Fks\Ls gh th ldrk g,4 dqN vk,j Hh pkfgS3jksIh ls dqN c\Lk p
kfgS4 gka] tc rd jksIh ugC feyh] rc rd jksIh gh lc dqN ekywe gksrh g,6 f
tl fnu jksIh fey x;h] mlh fnu jksIh csdkj gks tkrh g,4 tks fey x;k ogh
csdkj gks tkrk g,4 rqe tkurs gks4 jksIh fey x;h] fGj mleX dksB vFZ ugC jg
tkrk4 edku fey x;k] mleX dksB vFZ ugC4 dkj fey x;h] mleX dksB vFZ
ugC4 tks fey x;k] og vFZghu4 tc rd ugC feyk] rc rd eu eX pqHrk g,
3'wy dh rjg pqHrk g,A Sd dkj pkfgS] Sd edku pkfgS] jksIh pkfgS] nqd
ku pkfgS] dke /a/k pkfgS] cTd eX Fks\Lk Qi;k pkfgS2 ysfdu t,ls gh lc gks
x;k] fGj` fGj vpkud rqe fOOddj [\Ls gks tkrs gks3iwNrs gksA 8vc` vc
dgka` vc fd/j` vc D;k djuk g,`9 rc rqégkjs eu dh tWjrX mOuh 'qW gks
rh gT4 eu dgrk g,A laxhr [kstks] lkfg®; [kstks] fp_] u1®;~ ~ ~4 vc rqe lw”
e eX mrjuk 'qW gksrs gks4
fGj Sd fnu eu Hh Hj tkrk g,4 [kst fy;k laxhr] lqu fyS chFksou vk,j e
ks\tIZ vk,j ostuj6 lqu fyS dkø;3dkfynkl] fe¥Iu] Isfulu6 ns[s u1®;3vc` v
c D;k` vc egklw”e eX mrjuk gksrk g,4 vc izæu mOrk g, fd eT dk,u gwa2 ;g

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lc rks gks x;k4 vc ;gka ckgj dqN Hh ugC cpk] tks ikus ;ks≈; gks4 tks ik;k
tk ldrk Fk] ik fy;k4 vk,j ikdj ik;k fd ;gka ikus ;ks≈; dqN Hh ugC g,4
ikdj gh ik;k tkrk g, fd ikus ;ks≈; dqN Hh ugC g,4 fcuk ikS ugC ik;k tkrk
4 d,ls ikvksxs fcuk ikS` d,ls tkuksxs fd ø;FZ g,` vuqHo gksxk rks ø;FZ gksxk4
rc Sd loky mOrk g, fd eT dk,u gwa] vc bls tku ywa4 vk,j lc rks tku fy;k
4 lalkj ns[ fy;k3ns[dj ik;kA vlkj g,4 vc Sd gh ckr cph g, fd ;g eT
dk,u gwa4 rc izæu mOrk g,A eT dk,u gwa` rHh /eZ dk tüe 'qW gksrk g,4
rks ifæpe eX ns[ fy;k ckgj dk lc4 ru vk,j eu nksukX ifæpe ds] Hj jgs gT
vk,j vk®ek dh [kst 'qW gks jgh g,4 ;g Hkjr Hh rHh /k√ed Fk] tc laiU
Fk4 t,ls7t,ls foiU gqvk] o,ls7o,ls /eZ foÎr gqvk4 fGj /eZ pe®dkjh ckckvkX
rd lhfer jg x;k4 fGj enkjhxhjh dk uke /eZ gks x;k4 enkfj;kX ls cgqr
{q– o1fR ds yksx izHkfor gksrs gT4 enkjh rks g, gh vksNk] mlls tks izHkfor gks
rs gT os mlls Hh vksNh gkyr eX gT4
rqe cq0 ls Fks\Ls gh izHkfor gksvksxs2 vxj rqe l®;lkbΩ ckck ls izHkfor gksrs g
ks rks cq0 dks rks rqe Ssls gh fudy tkvksxs fd D;k j[k g,] dqN pe®dkj fn[k
vks2 cq0 us dksB pe®dkj dHh ugC fn[k;k4 cq0 bl txr. eX /eZ ds vkfHtk®
; ds ije izrhd gT4 dksB pe®dkj dk loky ugC g,4 ;gh pe®dkj g, fd dksB
ø;fDr 'kar gqvk] vkuafnr gqvk] ije foJke dks miyç/ gqvk4 ;gh pe®dkj
g, fd fdlh ø;fDr ds Hhrj ls nqA[ lekîr gqvk4
rks igys rks nqA[ rks fn[k;h i\Lrk g, ckgj6 tc nqA[ ckgj fn[kB i\Lrk g, rks
vkneh Hhrj tkrk g,4 vk,j tc Hhrj tkrk g, rks lq[ fn[k;h i\Lrk g,4 vk,j
tc Hhrj dk lq[ fn[k;h i\Lrk g,] rc vka[kX ij Sd u;h †;ksfr mrjrh g,4
fGj bl lkjs txr. eX lc dgC] lc WikX eX rqégkjs Hhrj tks g,] mldh gh >
yd fn[k;h i\Lrh g,4 Sd dks tku yks vius Hhrj] rks rqeus vusd ds Hhrj f
Nis gqS dks tku fy;k] D;kXfd og Hh ;gh g,4 tks rqe gks ogh rqégkjs ckgj Hh
g,4 ogh o1{ eX] ogh pÈku eX] ogh i®Fj eX] ogh unh eX] ogh igk\LkX eX] ogh
pkan7rkjkX eX4 Sd dks tku fy;k] lcdks tku fy;k4
rks ;s rhu f¬Ffr;ka4 Sd A u rks ckgj dk irk u Hhrj dk] eqn∆ dh rjg thS
tk jgs gT4 Ssls vf/d yksx gT] fuü;kucs izfr'r yksx4 nwljh f¬Ffr A ckgj dk
irk pyuk 'qW gqvk] Hhrj dk vHh dqN irk ugC g,4 ;g vf¬r®ookn dh n'
k g,4 nqA[ dk cks/ gksxk4 fo"kn f?j tkSxk4 larki vk,j Vprk id\Lsxh4 blfyS
vf¬r®ookn ds tks 'çn gT fopkj djus ds] rqe vxj vf¬r®ookn dh dksB fdr
kc ns[ksxs rks c\Ls g,jku gksvksxs4 ftudks ge lkekü; rk,j ls lksprs gT n'Zu'k¬_
ds fo";] mudh dksB ppkZ gh ugC g,4 vxj rqe lwph ns[ksxs fo";lwph vf¬r®o
okn dh fdlh iq¬rd dh] rks u rks vk®ek ikvksxs mleX] u ijek®ek] u ÷;ku]

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dqN Hh ugC ikvksxs3ikvksxs A fo"kn] larki] vFZghurk4 ;g fo"; gT4 ;g nwljh
f¬Ffr ckÍ dk n'Zu gks jgk g, Hhrj lc va/sjk g,4
rhljh f¬Ffr A Hhrj Hh jks'uh] ckgj Hh jks'uh4 ckgj dk Hh vuqHo gks jgk
g, fd ckgj nqA[ g, vk,j Hhrj dk vuqHo gks jgk g, fd Hhrj lq[ g,4 ;g rh
ljh f¬Ffr4 ;g rhljh f¬Ffr ÷;kuh dh f¬Ffr g,4 vk,j bl rhljh f¬Ffr ds ck
n Sd pk,Fh f¬Ffr g,] ftldk o<Zu ugC gks ldrk6 ftldks geus rqjh; dgk g,4
rqjh; dk eryc ;g gksrk g, A pk,Fh6 nh GksFZ4 mldks dksB uke ugC fn;k] D
;kXfd mldks uke fn;k ugC tk ldrk4 mldks flGZ pk,Fh dgk g,3rqjh;4 og v
o¬Fk g, A u Hhrj jgk dqN] u ckgj jgk dqN4 vfr∂e< gks x;k4 ckgj7Hhrj
nksukX ds izfr tkxdj ik;k fd eT nksukX ds ikj gwa6 u rks eT Hhrj gwa] u eT ckg
j gwa4 eT vü; gwa] eT fHU gwa4 eT nksukX dk lk{h gwa4 ;g tks lk{h dh n'k g,] ;g
ijek®e7n'k g,4 ;g vkf[jh vkfHtk®; g,4 ;g vkf[jh y≈tjh] tks bl txr.
eX bl vf¬r®o eX euq‘; dks miyç/ gks ldrh g,4 ;g vkf[jh foykl g,4 ;g v
kf[jh Hksx g,4 ;g ije Hksx g,4
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4 lalkjh lk/kj< Hksx eX i\Ls gT4 mudk Hksx dqN Hksx t,lk ugC g,4 laü;klh v
lyh Hksxh g,6 mldk Hksx vlyh Hksx g,] ijeHksx4
lalkjh D;k lq[ ikrk g,` lksprk g,A feysxk] feysxk] feysxk2 feyrk dHh Hh
ugC4 Sd e1x7ejhfpdk3nk,\Lrk pyk tkrk g,4 laü;klh ikrk g,3 vk,j Sslk ikrk
g, fd tks fGj dHh NwIrk ugC4 ik;k lks ik;k4 Sslk ikrk g, tks ¬oHko g,] ¬o
Wi g,4 fGj vg√u' ml vkuan dh o"kZ gksrh jgrh g,4
vugn cktr ckalqjh2
vkt bruk gh4
jkt ru eX dj,] HfDr tkxhj y,]
Kku ls y\L, jtiwr lksB4
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izse dh tq†> e,nku gksB44
yksH vk, eksg gadkj ny ekfjd,
dke vk, ∂ks/ uk cp, dksB4

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nkl iyIw dg, fryd/kjh lksB]

mfnr frgwa yksd jtiwr lksB44∞44
xk;7ctk; ds dky dks dkIuk]

vk,j dh lqu dNq vki dguk4
galuk7[syuk ckr ehOh dg,]
ldy lalkj dks cf¬l djuk44
[kbS7ihftS feyT lks ifgfjS]
laxzg vk, ®;kx eX ukVg ijuk4
cksyq gfjHtu dks exu Ï, izse ls
pqîi tc jgk, rc ÷;ku /juk44§44

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lqanjh fi;k dh fi;k dks [kstrh]

HB csgks' rw fi;k d, d,4
cgqr lh infeuh [kstrh efj xB]
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lhl ij ukpq tks fi;k rkd,44¶44
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Vgnw vk, rqjd dgk ik;k4
nkl iyIw dg, ik;k früg vki eX
ewS c,y us dc ?kl [k;k44ª44

vtgw psr xaokj
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ls lnk jgsxk4 ugC gks tkrk g, rks yxrk g,A 8Fk Hh` dHh Fk Hh`9 ikuh dsjk
cqncqnk2 Sslk Gwydj ikuh dk cqncqnk r,jrk g,6 lwjt dh fdj<kX eX lrjaxk gks
tkrk g,4 tc g, rks 'kæor dk Hze nsrk g, vk,j tc ugC g, rks liuk Hh gqvk
Fk mldk] bldk Hh Hjkslk ugC vkrk4
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dg ugC ldrk4 vc IwIs rc IwIs4 blfyS le>nkj os gh gT] tks thou eX mld
ks ik yX] tks 'kæor g,4 ukle> os gT] tks thou eX mldks bdØk djX] tks {<Ha
xqj g,4 thou {<Haxqj g, ¬o;a4 mls {<Haxqj dh gh lsok eX yxk nksxs` thou
Hh tkSxk vk,j tks bdØk fd;k g, og Hh tkSxk4 dqN dekB gkF u yxsxh4
;g tks NksIk7lk thou g,] bls 'kæor dh [kst eX yxk nks4 thou rks tkSxk gh
] fGj Hh tkSxk4 'kæor [kstks fd {<Haxqj] thou dks tkuk g,4 thou Qdus
dks ugC g,4 ysfdu ftlus 'kæor dks [kstk] mldk thou rks pyk tkSxk6 ysfd
u mlds thou dk mi;ksx dj fy;k6 mlus thou dh lh\Ph cuk yh4 tks [kstk
og jgsxk4 le; rks x;k6 ysfdu le; dks fupks\L fy;k laifR eX4
cgqr de lk,Hk≈;'kyh yksx gT tks ek,r ds {< eX ;g dg ldX fd gekjk thou
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Ih g,6 rc ijh{k dk fnu g,4 rHh irk pyrk g, fd rqeus thou eX dqN ik;k`
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mls ys tk ldksxs ;k ugC` vxj lp eX ik;k g, rks rqégkjs lkF vxj ;wa gh {<
Haxqj ccwykX ds lkF [sy tkSxk4 [syrs jgs rks rqégkjs lkF dqN Hh u tk ldsxk
4 uaxk vkneh vkrk g, vk,j uaxk vkneh tkrk g,4 [kyh gkF vkrk g, vk,j [kyh
gkF tkrk g,4
tüe ls [kyh gkF ge vkrs gT] ;g rks Ohd g,6 ysfdu ejrs oDr Hh [kyh gkF
tkSa] rks lkjs thou dk vFZ D;k gqvk`
le; eX 'kæor fNik g, vk,j {<Haxqj eX }kj g, lukru dk4 ek,r ij dlk,Ih g
ksxh4 ysfdu] vxj ek,r ds le; tkxX] rks fGj djksxs D;k` fGj gkF eX le;
rks cprk ugC4 blfyS iyIw dgrs gTA vtgwa psr xaokj2 vc psrks2
/jk ij yqIk;k ugC î;kj vc rd
vjh ek,r viuk dne rw gIk ys
le; dh r1f"r vk®ek ds v/j ij]
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vHh rks fdlh >kXi\Lh dh vek eX

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cuk;k ugC nso7J1axkj vc rd
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\tjk ekG gks ywa] \tjk ekG dj ywa
fdlh dh cgdrh utj dks cny dj
fn[k;k u jaxhu lalkj vc rd

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vHh [sr7[fygku pk,iky iu?I
unh ds fdukjs \tjk ?we ywa eT
me\Lrh /qe\Lrh cjlrh /Ik eX
\tjk HCx ywa eT] \tjk >we ywa eT]
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mOh ij Ôn; ls u >adkj vc rd
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e yk[ jksvks] yk[ fp¥ykvks4 rqe yk[ dgks fd vHh rks eT th Hh ugC ik;k6
vk,j vHh rks ø;FZ gh my>k jgk6 vHh rks lkFZd dh rjG vka[ Hh ugC mOk
;h Fh4 fGj rqe yk[ flj iIdks] ek,r dne okfil ugC mOkrh4 blfyS ftügX
tkxuk g,] mügX ek,r ds vkus ds igys tkxuk g,4
fcuk tkxs] iwjs thou dk dksB ifj<ke ugC g,4 vk,j vxj Sd {< Hh rqe ek,r
ds igys tkx tkvks] flGZ Sd {< Hh] rks >jks[k [qy tkrk g, ijek®ek dk4
;s iyIw ds opu38vtgwa psr xaokj93 ;gh dgus dks g, fd bruk rks x;k] Fks\Lk
cpk g,6 ;g Hh pyk tkSxk4 bruk x;k] blls feyk D;k g,` tks Fks\Lk cpk g,
] bls Hh Ssls gh xaok nsuk g, ;k fd dqN dj ysuk g,` lalkj dks fdruk gh th
rks] thr ugC gksrh6 D;kXfd ek,r vkdj lc [sy gh fcxk\L nsrh g,4 vius dks th
rs gh thr gksrh g,4 eu ds thrs thr4 mlh thr ds ;s vkt ds opu gT2
8jkt ru eX dj, HfDr tkxhj y,
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yksH vk, eksg gadkj ny ekfjd,

dke vk, ∂ks/ u cp, dksB4
nkl iyIw dg, fryd/kjh lksB
mfnr frgaq yksd jtiwr lksB44
iyIw us dgk g,A mlh dks ge dgrs gT jktiwr] mlh dks dgrs gT {f_;] mlh dks
dgrs gT ;ks0k] tks dqN Sslk thr ys] tks Nhuk ugC tk ldrk g,4 vk,j ;ks0kv
kX dks rks ;ks0k dguk ø;FZ g,4 f[yk,ukX ds fyS y\Lrs gT4 vxj fdlh ls rqeus Nh
u Hh fy;k rks D;k gksxk` ek,r rqels Nhu ysxh4 ek,r lcdks cjkcj dj tkrh
g,3xjhc7vehj dks6 gkjs dks] thrs dks3lc ls Nhu ysrh g,4 og lkjh Nhu7>iI
ø;FZ gks tkrh g,4 gkjs gqS rks gkjrs gT6 thrs gqS Hh gkj tkrs gT4
rks fdldks ge {f_; dgX] fdldks ;ks0k dgX` mldks ;ks0k dgX] tks ek,r ls dq
N Nhu ys4 ek,r ls dqN Nhuuk gks] rks Sd gh mik; g, fd dqN 'kæor dh >y
d feys4 D;kXfd 'kæor ij gh ek,r dk dksB izHko ugC i\Lrk4 le; ds ckgj
gekjh dksB laink gks] le;krhr }kj [qys] lekf/ feys] rks gh ek,r ugC Nhu i
krh4 gekjs Hhrj ve1r dk dksB ¬oj lqukB i\Ls] rks ek,r ugC feIk ikrh4
8jkt ru eX dj,] HfDr tkxhj y,49
iyIw dgrs gTA jkt gh djus dk eu g,3Hyk eu g,] cqjk dqN Hh ugC g,6 tWj
jkt djks3ysfdu jkt ru eX dj,4
rqégkjh viuh nsg ij rqégkjh ekyfd;r ugC g,4 ;g rqégkjh nsg rqégkjh lqurh
ugC g,4 vk,j nwljh nsgkX dks vkKk nsus eX yxs gks2 lkjs txr. dks pykus dh vkdka
{k ls Hjs gks4 viuh nsg dks pyk ugC ikrs4 ;g NksIh7lh nsg Hh rqégkjk ekurh
ugC4 ;g NksIh7lh nsg Hh rqégkjk lqurh ugC g,4 ;g NksIh7lh nsg Hh rqégkjh
Nk;k ugC curh4 ;g Hh rqégkjh ekfyd g,4 rqe d,ls jktk cuksxs` bl nsg dh
xqykeh Hh ugC NwI ikrh g,4
8jkt ru eX dj,~ ~ ~4 rks igyk jkt rks vius ru ij G,ykvks4 igyk vuq'klu
fd rqégkjh nsg rqégkjs ihNs pys] rqégX nsg ds ihNs u pyuk i\Ls4 ¬okn HIdkrk
g,4 laxhr yqHkrk g,4 dkeokluk id\Lrh g,4 vk,j tc 'jhj fdlh †oj ls Hjr
k g,] fdlh okluk ds †oj ls Hjrk g,] rks rqe fc¥dqy csgks' gks tkrs gks6 rqégk
jk lkjk gks' [ks tkrk g,4 ∂ks/ dh yiIX mOrh gT] tc rqe Ssls dke dj ysrs
gks tks rqe dHh Hh gks' eX gksrs rks u djrs4 ihNs iNrkrs gks4 exj ihNs iNrk
rs gks2 ihNs iNrkus ls D;k gksxk` vc iNrkS gksr dk] tc fpf\L;k pqx xB [s
r2 ihNs rks lHh iNrkrs gT4 ihNs rks ukle> ls ukle> Hh iNrkrs gT4 le>nk

vtgw psr xaokj
j ogh g,] tks mlh {< eX tkx tkS] tc ∂ks/ mOk g,6 mlh {< eX gks' dks la
Hky ys4 mlh gks' ls ekyfd;r i,nk gksrh g,4
ekyfd;r dk eryc rqe le> ysuk4 ekyfd;r dk eryc tcjn¬rh ugC g,]
'jhj dks dks\Ls ekjdj vk,j 'jhj dks Hw[k j[dj] miokl djokdj] vxj rqe
ekfyd cu xS rks og ekyfd;r ugC g,6 og >wOh ekyfd;r g,4 'jhj ¬o¬F
pkfgS] 'fDr'kyh pkfgS] MtkZ ls Hjk gqvk pkfgS3fGj Hh ekyfd;r pkfgS
4
rks nqfu;k eX nks rjg dh ekyfd;r gksrh g,4 Sd rks ekyfd;r gksrh g, fd 'j
hj dks bruk detksj dj yks fd mleX dqN ne gh u jg tkS] exj og dksB
ekyfd;r gqB` og rks ekyfd;r dk /ks[k gqvk4 og rks Ssls gqvk fd ?j eX S
d yk' j[ yh vk,j dgk fd ge blds ekfyd gT4 ge tc mOkrs gT] rc ;g
yk' mOrh g,6 ge tc fcOkrs gT] rc ;g yk' c,Orh g,6 ge ckgj ys tkrs gT
rks ckgj tkrh g,6 ge Hhrj ykrs gT rks Hhrj vkrh g,4
rqégkjs rFkdfFr lk/q7laü;kfl;kX us 'jhj dks yk' cuk fy;k4 mügX Lj g,4 eky
fd;r ugC g, ;g4 ekfyd dks dgka Lj2 ;g rks Sslk gh gqvk fd rqe Sd ?ks\Ls
ij lokj gks vk,j ?ks\Lk rqégkjh ekurk ugC] rks rqe ?ks\Ls dks Hw[k j[us yxs] d
ks\Ls ekjus yxs] mlds 'jhj ij ?ko cuk fnS4 ?ks\Ls dks bruk detksj dj fy;k
fd vc rqégkjh mls ekuuh gh i\Lsxh] D;kXfd u ekuus dh 'fDr gh ugC jgh4
exj ;g ekyfd;r gqB6 ;g ?ks\Lk rks eqnkZ gks x;k4 ekyfd;r dk rks etk rH
h Fk tc bl ?ks\Ls eX izk< Fs vk,j ;g gokvkX ls ckth ysrk Fk4 ekyfd;r dk
rks etk rHh Fk tc ;g ?ks\Lk oh;Zoku Fk4 bls detksj djds ekfyd cuus eX
etk ugC g,4 ;g rks ekyfd;r dk /ks[k g,4 ;g jgs iwjk 'fDr'kyh vk,j fGj
ekyfd;r4
rks [;ky j[uk] neu ds }kjk tks ekyfd;r vkrh g,] iyIw mldh ckr ugC
dj jgs gT4 vkxs lw_ eX lkG gks tkSxk4 iyIw dg jgs gT A cks/ ls tks ekyfd;
r vkrh g,4 vius Hhrj p,rü; dks ?uk dj ysus ls tks ekyfd;r vkrh g,4 bu
nksukX eX ∂kafrdkjh Hsn g,4 neu ls rqe rks tkxrs ugC] flGZ rqégkjk 'jhj det
ksj gks tkrk g,4 tkxus ls rqégkjk 'jhj rks viuh txg gksrk g,6 'k;n vk,j Hh
cy'kyh gks tkS] ysfdu rqégkjs Hhrj Sd nh;k tyus yxrk g,4 ml nhS dh j
ks'uh eX rqe tyus yxrs gks4 rqégkjs Hhrj Sd 'kafr fojkteku gks tkrh g,4 m
l 'kafr eX larqyu g,4 ml larqyu eX la;e g,4 ml la;e eX lekf/ g,4 fGj Sd
pht nwljs eX ys tkrh g,4 /hjs7/hjs rqégkjs Hhrj Sd bruh fojkI ekyfd;r
dk tüe gksrk g,] ftldks t,ukX us ftu®o dgk g,6 rqe ftu gks tkrs gks] fotsrk
gks tkrs gks4 vk,j 'jhj dks ekjuk Hh ugC i\Lrk] 'jhj dks dkIuk Hh ugC i\L
rk4 'jhj ds lkF y\Luk gh ugC i\Lrk vk,j thr gks tkrh g,4 thr rks ogh dq
'y g, fd y\Luk u i\Ls vk,j gks tkS4

vtgw psr xaokj

c\Lh ets dh ckr iyIw dg jgs gT4 iyIw dg jgs gT fd jkt ru eX c\Lh vklkuh
ls gks tkSxk] HfDr dh tkxhj fey tkS4 'jhj ls y\Ldj jkt ugC djuk g,]
ijek®ek ls izse djds jkt gks tkSxk4 'jhj dh rjG ÷;ku gh er nsuk4
nks rjg ds 'jhjoknh gT nqfu;k eX4 Sd3tks 'jhj dks vkHw"<kX ls ltkrk jgrk
g,6 niZ<kX ds lkeus [\Lk gqvk ltrk jgrk g,6 ftldh lkjh Vprk 'jhj dks l
tkus eX gh yxh jgrh g,4 ;g Hh 'jhjoknh g,4 vk,j Sd nwljk 'jhjoknh g,] ft
ldks rqe egk®ek dgrs gks6 og Hh pk,chl ?aIs 'jhj ds gh ÷;ku eX yxk jgrk
g,4 D;k [kuk] D;k iguuk] D;k ihuk] D;k ugC ihuk] dc mOuk dc ugC mOuk
3pk,chl ?aIs ~ ~ ~4 bu nksukX eX GdZ ugC g,4 Sd niZ< ds lkeus [\Lk g,6 og l
tk jgk g, 'jhj dks6 og 'jhj ds lkF c\Ls jkx eX g,4 nwljk 'jhj dk nqæeu g,
4 og 'jhj dks dkI jgk g, gj rjg ls4 exj nksukX dh fn'k] nksukX dh n1f‘I '
jhj ij vIdh g,4 nksukX eX ls vk®eoknh dksB Hh ugC g,4
vk®eoknh rks ogh g, A 8HfDr tkxhj y,94 vk®eoknh dk eryc g, A 'jhj dh V
prk gh ugC jgh6 vka[ mOC vk,j Hhrj ijek®ek dh rjG mO x;C4 t,ls vka[
ijek®ek dh rjG mOrh g,] 'jhj vuqxkeh gks tkrk g,] 'jhj dks vuqxkeh cuk
uk ugC i\Lrk4 ftlus ijek®ek dks cqyk fy;k] ftlus Fks\Lk7lk laca/ izHq ls tks\L
fy;k] og vpkud ikrk g, fd 'jhj eX tks mYke oklukSa FC] os vius7vki '
kar gks xbΩ4 D;kX` D;kXfd ftlds thou eX ijek®ek dk izse cjlus yxs] og fGj
fdlh vk,j izse dh vkdka{k ugC djrk4 vk,j ftlds thou eX ijek®ek dh laif
R vk tkS] fGj vk,j /u dh vkdka{k ugC djrk4 vk,j ftldks ijek®ek fey
tkS] mldks d,lk ∂ks/] d,lk yksH] d,lk eksg2 os lkjs mi–o rks ml va/sjh jkr
ds Fs tc ijek®ek dh jks'uh u Fh4 blfyS ljy ls 'çn gT] ij c\Ls xgjs gT4
ijek®ek dh tkxhj fey tkS] fGj jkt vius7vki gks tkrk g,4 rqe izHq dks ik
yks] 's" lc vius7vki gks tkrk g,4 'jhj ls y\L7y\Ldj izHq dks ugC ik;k tk
rk6 izHq dks ikdj 'jhj ij fot; gks tkrh g,4
blfyS vlyh loky riæp;kZ dk ugC g,6 vlyh loky HfDr7Hko dk g,4 vl
yh loky izse dk g,3izse dh /kjk dks eks\L nsus dk g,4 rqégkjk izse Mij mOs4 G
dZ dks [;ky eX yks4
Sd laqnj ¬_h jkg ls xqtjrh g,] rqégkjk eu mleX vkd√"r gks tkrk g,4 HDr
Hh fudys ogC ls6 og Hh lqanj ¬_h dks ns[sxk6 va/k ugC g,4 lkTn;Z dh ij[ m
ls rqels †;knk g,] D;kXfd mlus ije lkTn;Z ns[k g,4 ysfdu bl lqanj ¬_h eX mls
mlh ije lkTn;Z dh >yd feysxh4 bl lqanj ¬_h eX mls mlh ijek®ek dk Fks\

vtgw psr xaokj
Lk7lk vkHkl feysxk4 t,ls pkan dks ns[k gks ty eX izfrVcc curs] Sslk bl nsg
eX mlh ijek®ek dk NksIk7lk izfrVcc curk fn[kB i\Lsxk4 bl ¬_h ds lkTn;Z
dks ns[dj mls ¬_h ds lkTn;Z ds izfr] ¬_h dh nsg ds izfr okluk i,nk ugC gksxh6
bl ¬_h ds lkTn;Z dks ns[dj mls fGj izHq dk ¬ej< vk tkSxk4 bl lkTn;Z dks
ns[dj mls ml ije lkTn;Z dh ;kn vk tkSxh6 og fGj Htu eX Lwc tkSxk4
og fGj Hhrj Lksyus yxsxk4 f[yrs Gwy dks ns[dj Hh ;gh gksxk4 lwjt dks f
udyrs ns[dj Hh ;gh gksxk4 lkxj eX mOrh rjaxkX ns[dj Hh ;gh gksxk4 ftls
Sd ckj ije lkTn;Z fn[k;h i\L x;k] vc rks gj txg tgka Hh lkTn;Z gksxk] o
gC mldh >yd fn[kB i\Lsxh4
HDr dks y\Luk ugC i\Lrk4 HDr dk ekxZ y\Luk g, gh ugC4 HDr dk ekxZ c\Lk
dyk®ed g,6 fcuk y\Ls thr ysrk g,4
rqe jkg ls xqtjrs gks] lqanj ¬_h vkd√"r dj ysrh g, A 'jhj eX osx mOrs gT]
okluk mOrh g,4 rqe blds ekfyd ugC gks4 fGj Sd rqégkjk rFkdfFr egk®ek
jk¬rs ls xqtjrk g,6 og Hh lqanj ¬_h dks ns[rk g,] og t¥nh ls vka[ uhph d
j ysrk g,4 og viuh lkal jksd ysrk g,4 og vius Hhrj jke7jke] jke7jke dj
us yxrk g,6 Sd nhoky [\Lh djrk g, jke7jke dh] rkfd Hwy tkS4 ;g ¬_h f
n[kB i\L xB] ;g Hh Hwy tkS4
>su GdhjkX dh dFk g, A Sd cw\Pk Gdhj vk,j Sd ;qod Gdhj vkJe okfil y
k,I jgs gT4 NksIh7lh unh i\Lrh g,4 vk,j Sd lqanj ;qorh unh ikj djus dks [\Lh
g,] ysfdu Ljrh g,4 vutkuh unh g,] igk\Lh unh g,] xgjh gks] [rjukd gks] c\L
h rst /kj g,4 cw\Pk laü;klh rks uhps vka[ djds t¥nh ls unh eX izos' dj tkrk
g,] D;kXfd og le> tkrk g, fd ;g ikj gksuk pkgrh g,] gkF dk lgkjk ekax
rh g,] ysfdu og Lj tkrk g,4 gkF dk lgkjk2 bl ckr eX i\Luk Ohd ugC2 ysf
du ;qod laü;klh mlds ihNs gh pyk vk jgk g,4 og ;qorh ls iwNrk g, fd D;k
dkj< g,4 lka> gqB tk jgh g,] t¥nh gh lwjt Lwc tkSxk vk,j ;qorh vdsyh Nw
I tkSxh4 ;qorh dgrh g, A eT cgqr Ljh gqB gwa4 ikuh eX mrjrs ?c\Lkrh gwa4 eq
>s ml ikj tkuk g,4
rks og ;qod laü;klh mls da/s ij ys ysrk g,4 cw\Pk laü;klh ml ikj igqap x;k]
rc mls ;kn vkrh g, fd esjs ihNs Sd ;qok laü;klh Hh vk jgk g,] dgC og bl
>a>I eX u i\L tkS2 yk,Idj ns[rk g, rks mldh vka[kX dks Hjkslk gh ugC vk
rk g, A og da/s ij fcOkS gqS y\Ldh dks unh ikj dj jgk g,2 cw\Pk rks vkx ls
ty7Hqu x;k4 ;qod laü;klh us ;qorh dks nwljs fdukjs mrkj fn;k] fGj nksukX
pqipki pyus yxs4 nks ehy rd dksB ckr u gqB4 nks ehy ckn cw\Ps dks cnkZær
ds ckgj gks x;k4 mlus dgk A ;g Ohd ugC gqvk vk,j eq>s xqQ dks tkdj dguk
gh i\Lsxk6 fu;e dk m¥ya?u gqvk g,4 rqeus ml lqanj ;qorh dks da/s ij D;kX f
cOk;k2

vtgw psr xaokj
ml ;qod us tks dgk] og ;kn j[uk4 ;qod us dgk A 8vki cgqr Fd xS gkXxs4
eT rks ;qorh dks unh ds rI ij gh mrkj vk;k6 vki vHh da/s ij fcOkS gqS
gT2 vki cgqr Fd xS gkXxs2 ckr vkB vk,j xB Hh gks xB] vHh rd vki Hwys
ugC29
ftldks rqe egk®ek dgrs gks] og vka[ rks >qdk ysxk6 ysfdu vka[ >qdkus ls d
gC oklukSa lekîr gksrh gT2 vka[ Gks\L Hh yks rks Hh oklukSa lekîr ugC gksrh4
vka[kX ij ifÈ;ka cka/ yks] rks Hh oklukSa lekîr ugC gksrh] oklukvkX dk vka[
kX ls D;k laca/ g,` D;k rqe lksprs gks] va/s dks okluk ugC gksrh` va/s dks bru
h gh okluk gksrh g,] ftruh rqedks6 'k;n Fks\Lh †;knk gh gksrh g,4 D;kXfd ml
ds ikl] cspkjs ds ikl] mik; Hh ugC6 vlgk; g,] og r\LGrk g,4 mlds Hhrj
Hh izcy vkdka{k g,] izcy osx g,4 rks vka[ can dj ysus ls] vka[ >qdk ysus ls D
;k gksxk` fdldks /ks[k ns jgs gks`
rks Sd rks lk/kj< vkneh g,] ftlds 'jhj eX †oj mOrk g, okluk dk] lkTn;Z
dks ns[dj4 vk,j Sd rqégkjk rFkdfFr egk®ek g,6 mlds Hhrj Hh †oj mOrk
g,] ysfdu og vka[ >qdk ysrk g,4 nksukX ds Hhrj 'jhj Hkxuk pkgrk g,4 Sd H
kxus nsrk g,] nwljk 'jhj dks tcjn¬rh jksd ysrk g,4 'k;n yk,Idj og nks fnu
miokl djsxk iæpkRki eX] ;k 'jhj ij dks\Ls ekjsxk4
lwGh Gdhj] BlkB Gdhj] >su Gdhj] lkjh nqfu;k eX gtkjkX fd¬e ds Gdhj gq
S] ftueX u ekywe fdrus7fdrus Pax ds jksx ø;kîr gks xS4 dks\Ls ekjusokykX dh
tekr jgh g,4 miokl djus okykX dh tekr jgh g, jkr7jkr Hj tkxu okykX
dh tekr jgrh g,4 dej eX dhys pqHkus okys] c,¥I cka/ ysusokykX dh tekr jg
h g,4 twrkX eX dhys vanj dh rjG fudkydj ?ko i,jkX eX cukdj pyusokykX dh
tekr jgh g,4 vka[X Gks\L ysusokys] tuuXf–;ka dkI nsusokykX dh tekr jgh g,4 e
xj ;s Q≈< tekrX gT4 iyIw blds leFZu eX ugC gT4
iyIw dgrs gT A Sd vk,j jk¬rk g,4 y\Lks er okluk ls4 y\Ldj dgka tkvksxs` ?
ko cu tkSaxs4 dqN vk,j c\Lh okluk dks txk yks3ijek®ek dh okluk4 fdlh vk,
j c\Ls izse ls Fks\Ls Hj tkvks4 Fks\Lh vka[ Mij mOkvks4 bl lkTn;Z eX Hh blhfyS
jl g, fd bl lkTn;Z eX {<Hj dks ijek®ek ds lkTn;Z dh Fks\Lh7lh Nk;k i\Lh
g,4 rqe Nk;k ls xzflr gks tkrs gks] D;kXfd ewy dks ugC ns[k g,4 rqe r¬ohj ls
td\L tkrs gks] D;kXfd ftldh rlohj g, mldks rqeus ugC ns[k g,4 mldks ns[
yks A fey xB tkxhj4 fGj y\Luk ugC i\Lrk4 fGj tcjn¬rh ugC djuh i\Lrh4
fGj Sd ekyfd;r vkrh g,] tks c\Lh lgt g,4
8jkt ru eX dj,] HfDr tkxhj y,

vtgw psr xaokj
cks/ dks txkuk g,4 Kku dks mOkuk g,4 ogh vlyh jktiwr g,4 ogh {f_; g,4
8Kku ls y\L, ~ ~ ~9
Sd gh mik; g, A tkxj<6 vos;jusl6 cks/6 lqjfr6 gks' dks laHkys4 b/j gks'
laHkyrk tkrk g,] m/j 'jhj ij ekyfd;r vkrh tkrh g,4 vk,j ftl fnu vi
us 'jhj ij ekyfd;r vk tkrh g,] ftl fnu gks' iwjk gks tkrk g,] ml fnu t
hou eX c\Ls lk,Hk≈; dk eaxy {< vkrk g,4 ml fnu thou eX c\Ls eaxy ok| c
trs gT4
8Nek7ryokj ls txr. dks cfl dj,49
vk,j Sslk ø;fDr] ftlus cks/ ds }kjk vius 'jhj ij dçtk dj fy;k g,] mlds
thou eX c\Lh vk,j ?IukSa pqipki ?I tkrh gT4 ftlds Hhrj cks/ txk g,] ml
ds fyS lkjs txr. ds izfr dQ<k vk,j {ek dk Hko i,nk gksrk g,4 gksrk gh g,4
;g mldk vuq"ax g,4 ftlds Hhrj okluk g,] dkeuk g,] mldk vuq"ax g, A ∂ks/
4 dkeh ∂ks/h gksxk gh4 ;g vlaHo g, fd dksB dkeh gks vk,j ∂ks/h u gks4 dke
ds lkF ∂ks/ vkrk g,4 ∂ks/ dke dh é;ku g,4 dke vxj ryokj g, rks ∂ks/ m
ldh é;ku g,4 dke dh Nk;k g, ∂ks/4
rqeus Hh ns[k] rqe ∂ks/ ls dc Hjrs gks` rqe ∂ks/ ls rHh Hjrs gks tc rqégk
js dke eX dksB ck/k Lky nsrk g,4 rqe Sd ¬_h ds ihNs nhokus gks vk,j dksB nwl
jk vkneh n[yankth dj nsrk g,4 rqe Sd tehu [jhnuk pkgrs Fs] dksB nwljk
vkneh †;knk nke yxk nsrk g,4 rqe pquko y\Lus fudys Fs] dksB nwljk vkneh
[\Lk gks tkrk g, vk,j rqégkjs oksIkX dks [Cpus yxrk g,] rks ∂ks/ mOrk g,4 tgka
rqégkjh dkeuk eX dksB v\Laxk Lkyrk g,] ogka ∂ks/ mOrk g,4 vk,j dkeuk eX v\La
xk rks Lkyk gh tkSxk] D;kXfd brus dkeh gT4 lkjk txr. dkfe;kX ls Hjk gqvk
g,2 rqe vdsys Fks\Ls gh dkeh gks4 rks dke eX rks la?"Z gksxk gh] }a} gksxk] ¬i/kZ
gksxh4 dke eX rks Sd7nwljs ls xyk?kXI izfr;ksfxrk gksxh4 rks dke gksxk] ∂ks/ g
ksxk4
Ohd blls myIh n'k curh g, A t,ls gh Hhrj dke x;k] izkFZuk vk;h4 HfDr
dh tkxhj vkB] o,ls gh HfDr dh tkxhj ds lkF {ek vkrh g,4 {ek ;kuh ∂ks/
ds foijhr n'k4 tc rqégkjh dksB dkeuk gh ckgj ds txr. eX u jgh] rqégX ;
gka dqN Sslk ugC g, ftldks ikuk gh g,3fGj D;k >x\Lk2 fGj fdl ij ∂ks/2 f
Gj {ek lgt gks tkrh g,4
÷;ku j[uk] iyIw ;g ugC dg jgs gT fd rqe {ek dk vkpj< cuk yks4 iyIw
;g ugC dg jgs gT fd rqe {ek djks4 {ek dh vxj rqeus] rks {ek jgh ugC4
djuh i\Lh rks ∂ks/ rks vk gh x;k4

vtgw psr xaokj
t,u 'k¬_kX eX fy[k g, A egkohj egk7{ekoku Fs4 eTus Sd t,u eqfu dks iwNk f
d bldk D;k vFZ gksrk g,` mügkXus dgk A bleX D;k v\Lpu dh ckr g,` ;g r
ks lh/h7lh ckr g, fd egk7{ekoku Fs6 lc dks {ek dj nsrs Fs4
rks eTus dgk A Sd ckr iwNus t,lh g,] fd {ek rks rHh gks ldrh g, tc ∂ks/
igys vk tkrk g,4 ∂ks/ ds fcuk {ek d,ls gksxh`
os \tjk csp,u gqS4 ckr rks lh/h g,4 vxj egkohj dks egk7{ekoku dgrs gks] r
ks mldk eryc ;g gqvk fd egkohj dks ∂ks/ vk tkrk g, fGj {ek dj nsrs gT
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kF ejk4
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ek gh lnk lkF gks ldrk g,6 vk,j dksB lnk lkF gks ugC ldrk4 vk,j ftldk
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ldsxh4 ek,r ds {< eX Hh tks rqégkjs lkF gksxk] ml ije nqA[ ds {< eX Hh
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ru ij jkt vk tkrk g,6 Kku dh vijaikj †;ksfr tyus yxrh g,6 thou eX {
ek dk pkjkX vksj mft;kjk G,y tkrk g, vk,j izse ds ;q0 eX thr gks x;h4 ;g
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rs gT6 eksg pyk tkrk g,6 vgadkj pyk tkrk g,4
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lc feI tkrs gT4
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tlds Hhrj ru ij ekyfd;r vk tkS] eu ij ekyfd;r vk tkS] ogh fry
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; eX Sd †;ksfr lrr tyus yxrh g,] ogh fryd g,4 Hhrj g, fryd4 Ssls ckg
j ls panu dk Ihdk yxkus ls fryd ugC gksrk4
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ryd yxk fy;k mlh txg ij6 t,ls fd fryd yxkus ls ckr gy gks tkSxh4
panu dk fryd Hh cgqr lkspdj pquk x;k4 panu 'hry g, vk,j ftlds Hhrj
dk rhljk us_ tx tkrk g,] mlds thou eX ije 'hryrk gks tkrh g,4 panu v
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ml Vcnq ls vkneh ekfyd gks tkrk g,4 fGj Fks\Lh gh nwjh jgh ijek®ek gksus eX4
cl Sd dne vk,j4 ;g NOoka p∂ g,4 lkroka lgÛkj4 vkKk pyus yxh 'jhj
ij] eu ij3ekyfd;r vk x;h6 ¬okeh gks x;k ø;fDr4 ;g laü;klh dh n'k
g,4 blfyS ge laü;klh dks 8¬okeh9 dgrs gT4 Sslh n'k Hhrj vk tkS] Sslk fr
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kf[jh dne vk,j cpk4 vHh HDr jgsxk4 vHh oDr c\Lk ekfyd gks tkSxk] c\L
k e¬r gks tkSxk6 exj HDr jgsxk4 vc vkf[jh dne vkrk g, vk,j vkneh NO
oX dX– ls lkroX dX– eX izos' djrk g,4 ogka rks [ks tkrk g,6 t,ls unh lkxj eX
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dks bl dkj< Nks\L fn;k fd lkroX eX rqe rks cpksxs gh ughsa4 og rqégkjk p∂
d,lk2 rqe rks NOoX rd jgksxs4 NOoX ds ikj t,ls gh rqe lîre eX xS7xS2 rqe
u jgs] ijek®ek jgk4 bldks iyIw dgrs gT A 8fryd/kjh94
8nkl iyIw dg, fryd/kjh lksB49
vk,j fryd/kjh dk Sd vFZ jktk Hh gksrk g,3ftldk 8fryd9 gks x;k6 jkt7V
lgklu ij tks c,O x;k6 tks jktk gks x;k4
¬okeh jkerhFZ vius dks ckn'kg dgrs Fs3blh vFZ eX dgrs Fs38fryd/kjh94 i
kl dqN Hh ugC4 lezkI. gks xS4
cq0 dk tüe gqvk4 c\Ls7c\Ls †;ksfr"h bdØs gqS4 lHh †;ksfrf";kX us3tc cq0 ds f
irk us iwNk] fd blds laca/ eX dksB fo's" ckr] bl csIs ds laca/ eX dksB fo's"
ckr`3rks lcus nks7nks maxfy;ka mOk;C4 cq0 ds firk us iwNk A 8eT le>k ugC]
b'kjk D;kX djrs gks` cksyrs D;kX ugC`9 rks mügkXus dgk A 8ge Fks\Ls 'afdr gks
rs gT] blfyS ugC cksyrs4 nks laHkoukSa gT4 iDdk dqN dgk ugC tk ldrk4 ;k
rks ;g p∂orñ lezkI. gksxk] ;k ije laü;klh gksxk4 ;k rks ;g lc Nks\Ldj ij
e laü;klh gks tkSxk vk,j ;k ;g lkjs txr. eX jk†; djsxk4 NgkX egk}hi ij jk
tk cusxk6 p∂orñ gksxk4 blfyS ge nks maxyh mOkrs gT49
ysfdu Sd ;qod †;ksfr"h fcuk gkF mOkS c,Ok jgk4 og vdsyk Fk4 cq0 ds fi
rk us iwNk A 8vkius dqN b'kjk ugC fd;k`9 mlus Sd gh maxyh mOk;h4 cq0

vtgw psr xaokj
ds firk us iwNk A 8vkidk fHU er g, bu lcls `9 mlus dgk fd ugC] esjk f
HU er ugC g,6 D;kXfd tc dksB ije laü;klh gksrk g,] rHh p∂orñ gksrk g,4
;g c\Lh î;kjh ckr mlus dgh4 mlus dgk A eT Sd gh maxyh mOk;k gwa4 ;g ij
e p∂orñ Hh gksxk vk,j ije laü;klh Hh3nksukX4 exj ;g Sd gh lkF ?Irh g,
ckr4 lkjs txr. dk jktk ogh g,] egkjkt ogh g,3ftldh dksB pkg u jgh4 p
kg jgh rks fH[eaxk4
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gksxh] jgh gksxh4 mlus c\Lh Ohd7Ohd ckr dgh] fd ;g csIk rqégkjk egklaü;k
lh rks gksxk gh vk,j egklaü;klh gksdj gh p∂orñ gksxk4 ;s nks ckrX ugC gT6 8;k
9 dk dksB loky gh ugC4 D;kXfd nqfu;k eX rHh dksB p∂orñ gksrk g,] tc dksB
lc Nks\L nsrk g,6 tc ftldh dksB id\L ugC jg tkrh4
rks bl vFZ eX Hh ge nkl iyIw dh ckr le>X A 8nkl iyIw dg, fryd/kjh lks
B49 p∂orñ lezkI. gks x;k4
8mfnr frgwa yksd jtiwr lksB49
vk,j Ssls ø;fDr dk rhukX yksdkX eX izdk' gks tkrk g,4 Ssls ø;fDr dk loZyksdkX
eX izdk' gks tkrk g,4 ;gka i1ƒoh ij gh izdk' ugC gksrk6 ujd ds xgure va/s
js eX Hh bl vkneh dh jks'uh igqaprh g, vk,j ¬oxZ dh Mapkb;kX ij Hh bldh
jks'uh igqaprh g,4 txr. eX Sslk dksB Hh dksuk ugC tgka bldh jks'uh ugC igqap
rh4 tgka Hh vka[ g,] tgka Hh dksB ns[us eX l{e g,] ogka bldh jks'uh igqaprh
g,4 vk,j tgka Hh dksB lquus eX l{e g,] ogka bldh ok<h igqap tkrh g,4 rhukX
yksdkX ls ø;fDr bldh rjG V[pus 'qW gks tkrs gT4
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vkneh dks mu ij Hjkslk vkuk dfOu gks x;k g,4 tc egkohj dks Kku gqvk] r
ks r®{< nsork bdØs gks xS4 lkjk ¬oxZ mrj vk;k lquus ds fyS4 cq0 dks tc
Kku gqvk] rc Hh Sslk gh gqvk4 egkohj dh tks ns'ukSa gT] mudh ns'uk dh tks
dFkSa gT3og c\Lh viwoZ gT4 mueX dgk tkrk g,A i'q7i{h ek,twn Fs6 Hwr7izsr ek,
twn Fs6 nsoh7nsork ek,twn Fs6 euq‘; ek,twn Fs6 lc ek,twn Fs6 rhukX yksdkX ls psru
kSa vk x;h FC4 vk,j egkohj pqi jgs4 egkohj cksys ugC4 D;kXfd vc cksyX fdl
dh Hk"k eX` i'q Sd Hk"k le>rs gT6 vkneh nwljh Hk"k le>rs gT6 Hwr7izsr
rhljh Hk"k le>rs gT6 nsork dksB vk,j Hk"k le>rs gT4 vc fdl Hk"k eX cksyX
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egkohj ds opu gT] os d,ls vkS` os ø;k“;kSa gT4 og rks ftügkXus egkohj ds ek,
u dks le>k] mügkXus mudks le>k;k tks egkohj ds ek,u dks ugC le> ldrs Fs
4 blfyS egkohj ds x</j cksys4 egkohj rks pqi jgs4 egkohj pqi jgs4 ftügkX

vtgw psr xaokj
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6 fGj mlus ml ek,u dks yksxkX dh Hk"k eX mrkjk4
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4 fnxacj ds ikl egkohj ds dksB lw_ ugC gT4 D;kXfd os dgrs gT A egkohj cksys
ugC] pqi jgs4 blfyS mudk dksB 'k¬_ ugC g,4 æosrkacjkX ds ikl muds lw_ gT
6 D;kXfd mügkXus] tks x</jkX us dgk] tks egkohj ds ø;k“;kdkjkX us dgk] mls la
x1ghr fd;k4
nksukX ckrX lp gT4 x</j yk[ mik; djX] ckr ogh dh ogh rks ugC jg tkSxh
tks egkohj us dgh Fh4 eT ;gka rqels dqN dgrk gwa] rqe tkdj vius ?j vius
cπpkX dks le>kvksxs3GdZ gks tkSxk4 gks gh tkusokyk g,4 dqN rqe mleX fey
gh tkvksxs4
blfyS fnxacj c\Ls 'qf0oknh gT4 os dgrs gT A ge ;s opu u bdØs djXxs4 vxj
geX egkohj dks lquuk g, rks ge ek,u gh gksuk lh[Xxs vk,j ek,u gksdj gh le>Xxs
6 vk,j nwljk chp eX ge mik; u yXxs6 fdlh e÷;¬F dks ¬ohdkj u djXxs4 ;g
ckr Hh egÂoiw<Z g,4 ysfdu vkneh detksj g,4 lHh rks ek,u ugC gks ldrs4 ;g
Hh ge eku yX fd x</jkX us tks dgk] mleX dqN mlds Hko Hh fefJr gks x
S gkXxs] rks Hh x</j gels rks ikj gh gT6 dqN rks Maps gT4 geX dqN rks ikj ys
tkSaxs4 de ls de egkohj dk ek,u rks le> lds6 ge rks ugC le> ldrs4 e
gkohj dk ek,u4 pyks ftrus nwj x</j ys tk ldrs gT] buds lkF py yXxs6 fG
j ftrus vkxs vius tkuk g,] [qn pys tkSaxs4 ftruh ;k_k Hh lax7lkF gks lds]
mruh Hh Ohd4
æosrkacjkssa us Fks\Lk le>k,rk fd;k g, vkneh dh detksjh ls4 fnxacjkX us le>k,rk
ugC fd;k vkneh dh detksjh ls4 blfyS æosrkacjkX us lGsn o¬_ Hh iguus 'qW
dj fnS3vkneh dh detksjh2 u≈u laü;klh lekt ds fyS \tjk dfOu g,4 ysfd
u fnxacjkX us le>k,rk ugC fd;k4 laü;klh muds de gksrs xS] de gksrs xS6 v
kt muds dsoy ckbl eqfu gT iwjs ns' eX4 vc ckbl dksB la“;k g,` vk,j tc S
d eqfu ej tkrk g,] rks cl Sd la“;k de gks x;h6 fGj mldks Hjus ds fyS
nwljk eqfu ugC gks ikrk4 u≈u jguk2 fdlh rjg dh o¬rq dk dksB ifjxzg ugC2
lksus ds fyS fcNk,uk Hh ugC3?kl ;k G'Z2 fGj lnñ Hh g,] xeñ Hh g,4 dacy
Hh vks\P ugC ldrs4 vkx Hh ugC tyk ldrs4 Vgnw laü;klh dks rks lqfo/k g,6
og vkx tykdj c,O tkrk g,4 uaxk Hh jgk rks dksB Vprk ugC6 vkx rks tyk
ysrk g,4 t,u eqfu vkx Hh ugC tyk ldrk] D;kXfd vkx ds tykus eX Vglk gksr
h g,4 dfOu gksrk x;k4
fnxacjkX us dksB le>k,rk ugC fd;k4 og ckr Hh egÂoiw<Z g,4 le>k,rs dh ckr
eX Hh vFZ g,4 ysfdu ftl ø;fDr dks Kku m®iU gksrk g,] mldh ok<h rhukX y

vtgw psr xaokj
ksd rd igqap tkrh g,6 fcuk igqapkS igqap tkrh g,4 tks Hh] tgka Hh] ftl ;ksfu
eX Hh] mls lquus ds fyS m®lqd gks tkrk g,] ogh V[pk pyk vkrk g,4 Sd v
né; vkd"Z<] t,ls Sd pqacd dk tüe gksrk g,2 vk,j tks Hh î;kls gT] os V[ps p
ys vkrs gT4 dk,u [Cp jgk g,` D;kX [Cp jgk g,` D;kX py i\Ls gT] ;g Hh Ohd7
Ohd irk ugC gksrk4
8mfnr frgqa yksd jtiwr lksB49
8xk;7ctk; ds dky dks dkIuk]
vk,j dh lqu,] dNq vki dguk4
galuk7[syuk ckr ehOh dg,]
[kbS7ihftS feyT lks ifgfjS]
laxzg vk,j ®;kx eX ugC ijuk4
cksy gfjHtu dks exu Ï, izse ls
pqîi tc jgks] rc ÷;ku /juk449
Sd7Sd 'çn cgqew¥; g,4 ghjkX eX rk,yk tkS] Sslk g,4
8xk;7ctk; ds dky dks dkIuk49
;g tks le; Fks\Lk7lk feyk g,] bls Ssls mnkl c,Os7c,Os er fcrkvks4 xk;7ctk;
ds ~ ~ ~4 ukpks] xquxqukvks] e¬r gksvks4 bl thou dks Ssls jksrs7jksrs mnkl yacs
psgjkX ls er fcrkvks4
larkX dk /eZ u1®; djrk gqvk /eZ g,4 rqégkjs rFkdfFr egk®ekvkX dk /eZ mnk
l vk,j Q≈< vk,j chekj /eZ g,4
8xk;7ctk; ds dky dks dkIuk49
vk,j dh lqu, dNq] vki dguk49

vtgw psr xaokj
vk,j fookn eX ugC i\Luk4 nwljs dh Hh lquuk6 dqN dgus ;ks≈; yxs rks dguk4
laokn djuk] exj fookn eX er i\Luk4 vly eX tks vkneh thou dks xk7ctk
dj fcrkuk pkgrk g,] og fookn eX i\Lsxk Hh D;kX2 'k¬_kFZ dk dksB loky ugC
g,4 tgka nks izseh fey c,OX] dqN mudh lqu ysuk] dqN viuh dg nsuk] dqN izHq7
ppkZ dj ysuk4 ysfdu fookn eX i\Lus dh dksB tWjr ugC g,4
vk,j dh lqu, dNq vki dguk49
vxj rqégkjs Hhrj dqN mexs] dksB Gwy f[ys] rks ckaI ysuk lqxa/4 vk,j dksB nw
ljk ckaIus vkS] mlds Hhrj mOs gqS jl dh Fks\Lh /kj rqégkjs rjG cg vkS]
rks ¬ohdkj dj ysuk4 laokn djuk4
HDrkX dk vk/kjHwr fu;e g, A l®lax4 tgka nks HDr fey c,OX] pkj nhokus feyX
] ogka Fks\Lk ckr gks izHq dh4 vk,j xk;7ctk; ds gks4 Sslh dksjh7dksjh rk√dd u
gks6 l,0kafrd u gks] 'k¬_h; u gks4 jl/kj cgs4 e¬rh dh gks4 ukprh] xhr xk
rh gqB gks4 clar dh /qu gks mleX4 ir>\L dh] fookn dh] rdZ dh3nqxΩ/ u gks4
8xk;7ctk; ds dky dks dkIuk
vk,j dh lqu,] dNq vki dguk4
galuk7[syuk ckr ehOh dg,
vk,j Ssls vius vki gh lalkj o' eX gks tkrk g,38galuk7[syuk ckr ehOh dg,49
le>rs gks galuk7[syuk` /eZ dks yksxkX us c\Lk xaHhj cuk j[k g,4 os le>rs
gT /eZ c\Lh xaHhj ckr g,4 /eZ dks galuk7[syuk cukvks4 ukp7xku cukvks4 m®l
o cukvks4 /eZ dks Q≈< er crkvks4 /eZ dk mnklh ls dksB laca/ ugC g,4 /eZ
dksB v¬irky ugC g,4 galuk7[syuk2
ijek®ek lc rjG Nk;k g,4 Hhrj Hh ogh g,] ckgj Hh ogh g,4 tgka ns[ks] ogC
7ogh g,4 lc rjG mldk uwj g,] mldh jks'uh g,4 ;gka d,lh mnklh g,` ;gka d,
ls xaHhj cus c,Os gks` fFjdus nks i,jkX dks] i\Lus nks Fki rcykX ij2 e1nax ctus
nks4 ukpks] xkvks] xquxqukvks4
8[kbS7ihftS] feyT lks igfjS49

vtgw psr xaokj
;g lw_ eT vius laü;kfl;kX dks dgrk gwa A [wc xkaO cka/ ysuk4 [kbS7ihftS fe
y, lks ifgfjS4 tks fey tkS] igu ysuk4 tks [kus dks fey tkS] [k ysuk4 tks
ihus dks fey tkS] ih ysuk4 ije /ü;okn ls2 vkuanHko ls2 vgksHko ls2
8laxzg vk,j ®;kx eX ugC ijuk49
;g g, ∂kafr dk lw_ A 8laxzg vk,j ®;kx eX ugC ijuk49 rqégkjs rFkdfFr egk®e
k dgrs gT A laxzg rks Nks\Lks] ®;kx djks4 vlyh Kkuh dgrs gT A u laxzg eX i\Luk
vk,j u ®;kx eX i\Luk4 nksukX ckrX ew\Prkiw<Z gT4 dqN QiS bdØs djus eX i\Ls gT
] dqN QiS Nks\Lus eX i\Ls gT6 exj nksukX dh utj QiS ij yxh g,4 fey tkS Q
i;k] mi;ksx dj ysuk] etkdj ysuk4 gal ysuk] xk ysuk4 u feys Htu xk dj
lks tkuk4 ysfdu laxzg eX vk,j ®;kx eX er i\Luk4 id\L vk,j Nks\L D;k2 ns izHq
rks Ohd] u ns rks Ohd4 u ns rks mldh etñ] ns rks mldh etñ4
;g HDr dh ije n'k g,4 ijek®ek tks nsrk g,] og ¬ohdkj djrk g,4 og dg
rk g,A jktk cukrs gks] rks jktk cus tkrs gT4 og dgrk g,A fH[kjh cukrs gks] r
ks fH[kjh cus tkrs gT4 u viuh ftY g, jktk cuus dh] u viuh ftY g, fH[kjh
cuus dh4 viuh dqN cuus dh ftY gh ugC g,4 tks rqégkjh etñ gks2
Sslk gh le>ks fd rqe Sd ukId eX Hkx ysus xS] vc rqe ;g Fks\Ls gh dgrs
gks fd ge jkepa– th gh cuXxs4 ukId dk e,ustj dgrk fd vki c\Ls lqanj yxrs
gks] jko< fc¥dqy tapksxs4 ;g vkidh nsg] ;g Pax3;g fc¥dqy jko< ds ek,tw
i\Lsxk4 rks vki ;g Fks\Ls gh dgrs gks fd eT] vk,j jko< cuwaxk2 jko< fdlh vk,j
dks cukuk] eT rks jke cuus dh ftY fdS gwa4 eT Hyk vkneh] >wO ugC cksyrk]
pksjh ugC djrk] eT csBekuh ugC djrk3eT jko< cuwaxk2 rqeus le>k D;k g,`
vnkyr eX ys tkMaxk] eku7gkfu dk nkok dWaxk4 rqeus ;g ckr gh D;kX dgh
g,`
ugC6 rqe r,;kj gks tkrs gks4 rqe jko< dk ikIZ djus dks Hh r,;kj gks tkrs gks
6 c\Ls ets ls ikIZ djrs gks4 D;kX` D;kXfd rqe tkurs gks fd ;g rks [sy g,4 bl
eX D;k id\Luk] D;k Nks\Luk2 bleX xjhc cuuk i\Ls rks xjhc cu tkrs gks] bleX
vehj cuuk i\Ls rks vehj cu tkrs gks4 u rks vehj cuus ls vehj curs gks]
u xjhc cuus ls xjhc curs gks6 D;kXfd ;g rks [sy g,4
galuk [syuk ckr ehOh dg,

vtgw psr xaokj
[kbS7ihftS feyT lks ifgfjS
laxzg vk,j ®;kx eX ugC i\Luk4
cksyq gfjHtu dks exu gks; izse ls]
pqîi tc jgk, rc ÷;ku /juk449
vk,j nks ckrX dgrs gT fd tc pqi jgus dk eu gks rks ÷;ku /j ysuk vk,j tc
dqN dgus dks eu gks rks gfjHtu dj ysuk4 cksyuk rks gfjHtu4 dguk gh gks
rks izHq dh ppkZ djuk4 tc cksyks gh] 'çn dk gh jl vkrk gks] rks 'çn dks i
jek®ek ds pj<kX eX p\Pk nsuk4 HfDr7Hko] Htu2 vk,j tc pqi jgus dk etk
vkrk gks] rks fGj pqîih lk/ tkuk] fGj pqi jg tkuk] ÷;ku /j ysuk4 ÷;ku3t
c vdsys jgks4 vk,j HfDr3tc nks î;kjs fey c,OX4 ÷;ku vius fyS6 izse lkjs tx
r. ds fyS4
8lqanjh fi;k dh fi;k dks [kstrh
HB csgks' rw fi;k d,7d,4
cgqr7lh infeuh [kstrh efj xB
lrh lc gksfr gT tjr fcuq vkfx ls
nkl iyIw dg, lhl mrkfj d,]
lhl ij ukpqa tks fi;k rkd,449
c\Lk î;kjk opu2
8lqanjh fi;k dh fi;k dks [kstrh

vtgw psr xaokj
fi;k dg7dg dj] 8fi;k7fi;k9 dks iqdkj7iqdkj dj] t,ls iihgk iqdkjrk jgrk
g, 8fi;k7fi;k9] Ssls fi;k7fi;k dks iqdkj7iqdkj dj HDr Lwc tkrk g, e¬rh eX4
blh iqdkj eX Sd rjg dh efnjk i,nk gksrh g,4
;g iz;ksx djus t,lk g,4 dHh e¬rh ls Lwcdj iqdkjks4 vk,j rqe Fks\Lh nsj eX ikv
ksxs A vka[kX eX u'k Nkus yxk4 rqeus iqdkjk gh ugC] blfyS rqégX irk ugC fd
;g Hh Sd 'jkc Pky ysus dk Pax g,3vk,j c\Lh î;kjh 'jkc2 p\P tkS rks /ü;
Hkxh2 vk,j p\Ps Sd ckj rks fGj mrjrh ugC4 vk,j ftlus ih yh] fGj nqfu;k
dh dksB pht mls taprh ugC4 vkf[jh pht fey x;h] dksfguwj fey x;k] vc
dad\L7i®Fj Fks\Ls gh tapXxs4
8laqnjh fi;k dh fi;k dks [kstrh]
ckj7ckj nksgjkrs7nksgjkrs7nksgjkrs vkneh csgks' gks x;k4 ;g lh/h7lh fof/ g, f
d vxj rqe c,Oks] Lksyks vk,j jke7jke ;k v¥ykg7v¥ykg rqe nksgjkvks] rqe Fks\
Lh nsj eX le>ksxs] Fks\Lh nsj eX rqégX le> eX vkus yxsxk A t,ls dksB Hhrj 'jk
c izfo‘I gksus yxh2 fdlh vKkr yksd ls dqN enekrh pht mrjus yxh] dqN
e¬rh vkus yxh4 vka[X lq[Z gksus yxC4 gkF7i,jkX eX Sd uB MtkZ Nkus yxh4 ?c\
Lk er tkuk] D;kXfd yxsxk igys rks Sslk gh fd t,ls ikxy gksus yxs4vxj dgrs
gh pys xS] rks dgC iTrkyhl fefuI ds ckn rqe ikvksxs fd e¬rh iwjh Nk xB]
vc rqe Lwcs tk jgs gks4 ?c\Lkuk er4 cgqr ls cgqr csgks' gksdj fxjksxs] rks ?\
Lh nks ?\Lh ds ckn vius7vki gks' eX vk tkvksxs4 vk,j ;g csgks'h Sslh ugC g, f
d rqe dqN [ksrs gks4 ;g csgks'h Sslh g, fd rqe vius varjre eX izfo‘I gks tk
rs gks4
8lqanjh fi;k dh fi;k dks [kstrh]
cgqr7lh infeuh [kstrh efj xB]
cgqr7ls î;kjs Ssls gh jIrs7jIrs] jIrs7jIrs] [ks gh ugC xS] ej Hh xS4 ysfdu
mlh ejus eX rks ije thou dh 'qQvkr g,4 tgka HDr ejrk g,] ogC Hxoku
dk tüe g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
8lrh lc gksfr gT tjr fcuq vkfx ls49

;g tks HDrkX dk lrh gksuk g,] ;g c\Lk viwoZ g,6 bleX ckgj ls vkx ugC yxku
h i\Lrh] ;gka Hhrj ls vkx yx tkrh g,4 ;g tks tiu g,] ;g tks jIu g,] ;g
tks fi;k7fi;k dh iqdkj g,] ;g tks vg√u' Htu g,~ ~ ~
8lrh lc gksfr gT tjr fcuq vkfx ls49
;s tks HDr gT] ;s lc ej tkrs gT] lrh gks tkrs gT mlh î;kjs ds fyS4 mlh ds
lkF n≈/ gks tkrs gT] Sd gks tkrs gT6 yhu gks tkrs gT3t,ls iraxk vkdj nhS d
h †;ksfr ij ej tkrk g,4 ysfdu ckgj dh vkx dh tWjr ugC g,6 ;g Hhrj d
h fojg dh vf≈u i;kZîr g,4
8lrh lc gksfr gT] tjr fcuq vkfx ls]
;g Hh lw_ [;ky eX j[us dk g,4 ijek®ek bl ckr dh Vprk ugC djrk fd
rqeus fdruh dOksj riæp;kZ dh g,] fd rqeus fdruh dfOu riæp;kZ dh g,4 os
rks lc vgadkj ds gh Pax gT4 dksB dgrk g, A eTus brus miokl fdS4 dksB dgr
k g, fd eT bruh jkr tkxk4 dksB dgrk g, A ;g fd;k] og fd;k4 ;s lc ~ ~ ~
ijek®ek budh rjG >kadrk Hh ugC4 D;kXfd os rks vHh vgadkj dh gh ?ks"<
kSa dj jgs gT fd eTus bruk fd;k] bruk /u ®;kxk4 ;s rks crk jgs gT fd eTus f
druh dOksjrk cjrh vius lkF6 eTus fdruh †;knfr;ka dC] fdruk ri fd;k4
8lrh lc gksfr gT tjr fcuq vkfx ls]
ijek®ek budh rjG ns[rk Hh ugC] tks ;g dfOu dOksj dh cdokl yxkS gq
S gT4
8nkl iyIw dg, lhl mrkfjd,]
lhl ij ukpq tks fi;k rkd,49
og rks Sd dh gh rjG ns[rk g,] tks vius izse eX bruk Hj tkrk g, fd vius
vgadkj dks dkI nsrk g,4 ;g rks dfOu7dOksj dh ckrX rks vgadkj dh gh ckrs
gT4 eTus fdruk ®;kxk] bleX rks eT ;gh crk jgk gwa fd eT fdruk c\Lk gwa4 tks b
l eT dks dkI nsrk g,] lhl dks mrkjdj j[ nsrk g,~ ~ ~4 vk,j j[ gh ugC nsrk

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lhl dks mrkjdj] D;kXfd rqe xaHhjrk ls Hh j[ ldrs gks3D;kXfd rqe dgrs
gks fd pyks Ohd g,] blls gh gksrk gks rks mrkjdj j[ nsrs gT4 mnklh ls Hh u
gC4
8nkl iyIw dg, lhl mrkfjd,]
vius gh lhl dks uhps mrkjdj] vius gh vgadkj dks /wy eX fxjkdj tks ml i
j ukprk g,3ijek®ek mldh rjG ns[rk g,4 vk,j og Sd utj dkGh g,4 cl
Sd utj dkGh g,4 og Sd n1f‘I dkGh g,4
8iwjc Okdqj}kjk ifπNe eDdk cuk]
Vgnw vk,j rqjd nqB vksj /k;k49
vk,j Vgnw vk,j eqlyeku Hkx jgs gT3dksB iwjc] dksB ifæpe4 vjs ml utj dh
rjG Hkxks] tks Sd utj dkGh g,4 vk,j ml utj ds fyS dgC Hkxus dh tWj
r ugC] flGZ lhl dks dkIdj tehu ij j[ nks4 vgadkj dks uhps j[ nks4 /u
dk vgadkj u djks] u ®;kx dk vgadkj djks4 vk,j ftl {< rqe vgadkj dks ®
;kxdj j[ nsrs gks] izHq rqégkjh rjG rkdrk g,6 izHq rqégX [kstuk 'qW dj nsrk
g,4
8iwjc Okdqj}kjk ifπNe eDdk cuk]
Vgnw vk,j rqjd nqB vksj /k;k4
iwjc ewjfr cuh ifπNe eX dcqj g,]
Vgnw vk,j rqjd flj iId vk;k449
flj iIdus ls dczkX ij ;k ew√r;kX ij dqN Hh u gksxk4 flj mrkjus ls dqN gksx
k4 vk,j mrkjus dk eryc ;g Hk,frd flj ugC6 og Hhrj tks vgadkj vd\Ldj
[\Lk g,3vlyh flj2
8ewjfr vk,j dcqj uk cksy, uk [k; dNq]
Vgnw vk,j rqjd rqe dgk ik;k49

vtgw psr xaokj
rqégX feyk D;k` gks vkS eDdk] gks vkS enhuk4 pys gt dks] gkth gks xS2 d
ksB pys dk'h3pys dksB lc /kekX dh ;k_k dks2 vk,j ije/ke rqégkjs Hhrj g,4
8ewjfr vk,j dcqj uk cksy, uk [k; dNq49
tk tkdj Hksx yxk jgs gks ew√r;kX dks4 u os [krh gT4 blls rks fdlh Hw[s dks
ns fn;k gksrk] rks Hh ijek®ek rd igqap tkrk4 dcz rks dqN cksyrh Hh ugC g,4
blls rks fdlh thoar ls nks ckrX dj yh gksrC izse dh] rks ijek®ek rd ¬oj
igqap tkrk] [cj igqap tkrh4
8ewjfr vk,j dcqj uk cksy, uk [k; dNq]
fganw vk,j rqjd rqe dgk ik;k49
rqégX feyk D;k`
8nkl iyIw dg, ik;k früg vki eX49
ftügkXus dHh ik;k g,] vius Hhrj ik;k g,4 u dk'h eX] u d,yk' eX] u dkck eX
4 ftügkXus dHh ik;k g,3ik;k früg vki eX3mügX vius Hhrj feyk g,4
8ewS c,y us dc ?kl [k;k29
iyIw dgrs gT A ejk gqvk c,y dgC ?kl [k ldrk g,2 8ewS c,y us dc ?kl [k
;k29 rqe ew√r;kX dks ?kl f[yk jgs gks2 rqe dczkX dks ?kl f[yk jgs gks4 ejk gq
vk c,y Hh ?kl ugC [krk6 rqe i®FjkX dks f[yk jgs gks4 vk,j Vtnk ijek®ek
pkjkX rjG ek,twn g,4 dgC Hkstu ds fyS Hw[k g,] dgC o¬_kX ds fyS Hw[k g,]
dgC izse ds fyS Hw[k g,4 pkjkX rjG ijek®ek Hw[k g,4 tks rqe dj ldks] og
bl ijek®ek ds fyS djks4
vk,j] vlyh ckr vk,j vkf[jh ckr rks rqégX Hhrj djuh g,] fd rqe viuh xnZ
u mrkj nks4 lhl dks dkIdj Hwfe ij j[ nks4 vk,j brus ls gh ugC gksxk6 fGj
ml ij ukpks Hh4
8galuk7[syuk xk; ctk; ds dky dks dkIuk4
lhl ij ukpks tks fi;k rkd,49
rqe \tjk ukpks rks vius vgadkj dks Nks\Ldj2 r®{< î;kjs dh vka[ rqégkjh rj
G i\Lus yxrh g,4 î;kjs dh vka[ rks i\L gh jgh Fh6 exj rqe va/s Fs vgadkj
ls] blfyS fn[kB u i\Lrh Fh4 î;kjk rks rqégX ns[ gh jgk Fk] gtkj7gtkj vka

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[kX ls rqégX [kst gh jgk Fk6 exj rqe va/s Fs] D;kXfd rqégkjk vgadkj rqégkjh
vka[kX dks can fdS gqS Fk4 \tjk vgadkj mrkjdj ukpks4
exj [;ky j[uk nks ckrkX dk4 Sd rks vgadkj u cus3laxzg dk vgadkj] ®;kx
dk vgadkj6 lalkj dk vgadkj] laü;kl dk vgadkj4 vgadkj u cus3Sd4 nwljk
3flGZ vgadkj u cus] bruk vk/k gqvk6 vc u1®; Hh mOs] xku Hh mOs] m®lo
Hh mOs4
ns[rs ugC ijek®ek pkjkX rjG fdrus m®lo eX g,3pkan7rkjkX eX] o1{kX eX] if{;
kX eX2 vkneh dks Nks\Ldj rqégX dgC mnklh fn[k;h i\Lrh g,` vkneh dks Nks\Ldj
dgC rqégX dgC iki fn[k;h i\Lrh g,4 vkneh dks Nks\Ldj dgC rqégX Vprk fn[k
;h i\Lrh g,` lc rjG m®lo py jgk g, vg√u'4 lc rjG u1®; g,] xku g,4
bl fojkI vkuan ds egks®lo eX rqe vyx7vyx [\Ls] nwj7nwj vius vgadkj eX
vd\Ls vk,j td\Ls gks4
mrkjks bl vgadkj dks] lféefyr gks tkvks bl ukp eX2 ukpks pkan7rkjkX ds lkF
2 mlh u1®; eX rqe ikvksxs fd ijek®ek dh vka[ rqe ij i\Lus yxh4
izHq ls feyus dk fudIre ekxZ g, A u1®;4 fudIre ekxZ g, A vkuan4
yksx lksprs gT A izHq dks feyus ls vkuan feysxk] Ohd lksprs gT4 exj nwljh ckr
Hh bruk gh lp g, A vkuan ls izHq feyrk g,4 ;s nksukX ckrX tq\Lh gT4 vkuan ls
izHq feyrk g,6 izHq ls vk,j vkuan feyrk g,4 vk,j tc vk,j vkuan feyrk g, rks
vk,j izHq feyrk g,4 vk,j] vk,j izHq feyrk g, rks vk,j vkuan feyrk g,4 ;s nksukX
Sd7nwljs ls tq\Ls gT4
tc rqe mls iqdkjks rks mnkl] nqA[h vk,j Vpfrr vk,j ijs'ku er iqdkjuk4 ugC
rks rqeus gtkj rks ck/kSa [\Lh dj nC6 og lqu d,ls ikSxk` mls vkrh g, Hk"
k m®lo dh6 mnklh dh ugC4 iyIw m®lo ds i{ikrh gT4 ftügkXus tkuk g,] os l
Hh m®lo ds i{ikrh gT4 ijek®ek ije Hksx g,4
bu opukX dks fGj ls nksgjk nwa4

8jkt ru eX dj, HfDr tkxhj y,]
Kku ls y\LT] jtiwr lksB4
Nek7ryokj ls txr. dks cfl dj,]

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yksH vk,j eksg gadkj ny ekfjd,]
dke vk,j ∂ks/ uk cp, dksB4
mfnr frgqa yksd jtiwr lksB44
xk;7ctk; ds dky dks dkIuk]

galuk [syuk ckr ehOh dg,]
[kbS7ihftS feyT lk, ifgfjS]
laxzg vk,j ®;kx eX ukVg ijuk4
cksyq gfjHtu dks exu gks; izse ls]
pqîi tc jgk, rc ÷;ku /juk44
lqanjh fi;k dh fi;k dks [kstrh]
cgqr7lh infeuh [kstrh ej xB]
lrh lc gksfr gT tjr fcuq vkfx ls]

vtgw psr xaokj
nkl iyIw dg, lhl mrkfjd,]

iwjc Okdqj}kjk ifπNe eDdk cuk]

fganw vk,j rqjd nqB vksj /k;k4
iwjc ewjr cuh ifπNe eX dcqj g,]
fganw vk,j rqjd flj iIdh vk;k44
ewjfr vk,j dcqj uk cksy, uk [k; dNq]
fganw vk,j rqjd rqe dgk ik;k4
nkl iyIw dg, ik;k früg vki eX]
ewS c,y us dc ?kl [k;k449
cqykvks izHq dks4 vkuan ds vkalqvkX ls cqykvks4 i,jkX eX ?wa?j cka/ks4 u1®;] xhr7xku
ls cqykvks4 Ôn; dh oh<k dks ctkvks4 xhr dks GwIus nks4 m®lo dh ckalqjh c
tkvks] jkl jpkvks4
izHq vkrk g,3fufæpr vkrk g,4 tks Hh fuvZgadkj n'k eX] vkuan ds mn.?ks" ls cq
ykrs gT] muds ikl fufæpr vkrk g,4 vkus dks r\Lirk g,4 rqe cqykrs ugC4 dHh
cqykrs gks rks xyr Pax ls cqykrs gks4 izHq rqels feyus dks vkrqj g,4 rqe ftrus
vkrqj gks] mlls †;knk vkrqj g,4 ftl fnu rqe izHq dks ikvksxs] ml fnu rqégX
;g ckr le> eX vkSxh fd mldk gkF rqégkjs ikl gh Fk6 fdrus fnukX ls rqég
kjh izrh{k djrk Fk fd rqe Hh gkF c\Pkvks rks feyu gks tkS4 og \tjk Hh nw
j ugC6 rqégkjs ikl gh ikl Lksyrk g,] fd rqe iqdkjks vk,j dgC Sslk u gks fd
og nwj gks vk,j rqe iqdkjks vk,j iqdkj [kyh pyh tkS2 gj ?\Lh rqégX pkjkX rj
G ls ?sjs gqS g,4 vk,j vuar mldh izrh{k g,4
;k rks rqe iqdkjrs gh ugC6 D;kXfd tks /u dks iqdkj jgk g, og izHq dks d,ls iq
dkjs2 tks in dks iqdkj jgk g,] og izHq dks d,ls iqdkjs] tks vHh lalkj dks iqdk
j jgk g,] og vHh fuokZ< dks d,ls iqdkjs2 ;k rks rqe iqdkjrs ugC6 rqégkjh iqdk

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j dgC vk,j lay≈u g, rqe ikfr;ka vHh lalkj dks Hst jgs gks6 ijek®ek dks d,ls
Hstks2 ;k fGj vxj dHh rqe iqdkjrs Hh gks rks xyr Pax ls iqdkjrs gks3®;kx
h cudj iqdkjrs gks6 mnklh cudj iqdkjrs gks4 fGj Hh vgadkj dk naH ysdj
iqdkjrs gks4 rqe Ssls iqdkjrs gks] t,ls dksB nkosnkj iqdkjrk g,3fd ns[ks] eTus br
uk fd;k] vc vkvks2 vc vkuk gh i\Lsxk2 rqe Ssls iqdkjrs gks t,ls dksB vnkyr
eX tkdj iqdkjrk g,4 rc Hh rqe pwd tkrs gks4
mls iqdkjuk gks] rks iqdkjuk rks tWjh g,] ysfdu Ohd Pax ls iqdkjuk tWjh g,4
vk,j og Ohd Pax g, A ukpks] xkvks2 mls vkuan ls cqykvks4 nkosnkj er cuks4 n
kok d,lk2 izse dHh nkosnkj curk g,` izse rks dgrk g, A tc Hh vkvksxs] rHh
esjk lk,Hk≈;4 tc Hh vkS] rHh t¥nh g,4 vk,j eT izrh{k dks r,;kj gwa4 vk,j izr
h{k eX Hh mnkl u gksMaxk] gkWaxk ugC] Fdwaxk ugC4 ukpwaxk] xkMaxk4 bartkj d
ks Hh vkuan gh cukMaxk2
vkt bruk gh4
ml ije rÂo ls izse ;k HfDr d,ls dh tkS ftls ge tkurs gh ugC` D;k vK
kr ls Hh izse laHo g,`
rFkrk vk,j leiZ< eq>s fo's" Wi ls fiz; yxrs gT] ysfdu mueX f¬Fr D;kssa ugC
gks ikrk`
izHq7izse ds ekxZ ij lcls c\Lh ck/k D;k g,`
izHq7izse nhokuk D;kX cuk nsrk g,`
igyk izæu A ml ije rÂo ls izse ;k HfDr d,ls dh tkS ftls ge tkurs gh u
gC` D;k vKkr ls Hh izse laHo g,`
vKkr ls gh izse laHo g,4 Kkr ls rks izse /hjs7/hjs 'wü; gks tkrk g,4 ftls geus
tku fy;k mleX gekjk jl gh lekîr gks tkrk g,4 b/j tkuk m/j jl lekîr
gqvk4 vutku eX gh jl gksrk g,4 vifjfpr eX gh vkd"Z< gksrk g,4
tc nks izseh Sd7nwljs dks iwjk7iwjk tku ysrs gT] rHh izse lekîr gks tkrk g,4 if
jfpr gqS] fGj dqN 's" ugC cprk vfH;ku dks6 [kstus dks dqN ugC cprk4
vKkr ls gh izse laHo g,4
blfyS bl txr. eX lkjs izse Sd7u7Sd fnu lekîr gks tkSaxs] flGZ ijek®ek
dk izse dHh lekîr ugC gksrk4 D;kXfd Sslh dksB ?\Lh ugC vkrh tc rqe dg l
dkss fd ijek®ek dks iwjk7iwjk tku fy;k4 fdruk gh tkuks] mruk gh tkuus dks

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's" jgrk g,4 ftruk gh tkuks mruk gh tkuus dks vk,j }kj [qyrs tkrs gT4 Sd
f'[j ij p\Prs gks] rc Sslk yxrk g, fd cl vk xB vkf[jh eafty4 p\P Hh
ugC ikrs fd nwljk f'[j lkeus pquk,rh nsus yxrk g,4 varghu flyflyk g,4
blfyS geus ijek®ek dks vuar dgk g,4 u mldk dksB izkjaH g,] u mldk dksB
var g,4 og ;k_k vaos"< dh dHh iwjh ugC gksrh4 blfyS izse ijek®ek ds lk
F 'kæor gks tkrk g,4 izse ds feIus dk mik; gh ugC4
bls thou eX le>us dh dksf'' djuk4 vk,j vxj thou ds bl lk/kj< ry i
j Hh izse dks cukS j[uk gks rks Sd7nwljs dks tkuus dh Hzkafr eX er i\Luk] v
ü;Fk izse ej tkSxk4 vk,j lπpkB ;gh g, fd tku rks dgka ikrs gks rqe2 rhl
lky Sd ¬_h ds lkF jgs] fd iqQ" ds lkF jgs] rqe lksprs gks fd tku fy;k]
tku dgka ikrs gks` rhl lky ftl i®uh ds lkF jgs gks] mls Hh lp eX tkurs
gks` eku fy;k g, fd tkurs gks4 vka[X /qa/yh gks xB gT4 tkuk D;k g,` ftl cπ
ps dks rqeus tüe fn;k g,] tks rqégkjs [wu ls c\Lk gqvk g,] mls Hh tkurs gks] ek
u fy;k g, fd viuk csIk g, rks tkurs gT4 ij tkurs D;k gks`
bl txr. dk jg¬; dgC Hh rks lekîr ugC gksrk4 fGj ls viuh i®uh dh vka[kX
eX >kaddj ns[uk] ftlds lkF rhl lky jgs gks4 gkykafd /hjs7/hjs rqeus vka[kX
eX >kaduk can gh dj fn;k g,4 /hjs7/hjs rqe i®uh dh rjG ns[rs gh ugC4
lc /qa/yk7/qa/yk gks x;k g,4 rqe lksprs gks A tc tkurs gh gT rks ns[uk D;k g,
` ns[rs rks ge vutku dks gT] vifjfpr dks gT4 jkg ls dksB ¬_h xqtj tkrh g,
] mldks ns[rs gT4 dqN u;k gks rks ns[rs gT4 iqjkus dks rks ge /hjs7/hjs ns[uk g
h can dj nsrs gT4
eukso,Kkfud dgrs gT fd vxj rqe viuh vka[ can djds viuh i®uh dh eq[kÎ
fr ;kn djuk pkgks rks c\Ls g,jku gks tkvksxs4 rhl lky ftlds lkF jgs] vka[
can djds tc mldk psgjk lkspksxs rks psgjk cusxk ugC] fc[j7fc[j tkSxk] /qa
/yk7/qa/yk gkss tkSxk4 ftls rqe ekuus yxs gks fd tkurs gks] dc ls mldk psg
jk ugC ns[k g,2 dc ls mldh vkokt ugC lquh g,2 dc ls mldk gkF gkF eX
ugC fy;k g,2 gkF fy;k Hh gksxk] exj laosnuk dHh dh ej pqdh g,4 ¬i'Z fd;
k Hh gksxk] exj ¬i'Z tc rd cks/iwoZd u gks rc rd dgka2
vkt ?j yk,Idj vtuch dh rjg viuh i®uh dks ns[uk] rqe pfdr gksvksxs6 ;
k vius ifr dks ns[uk6 ;k vius csIs dks6 ;k vius fe_ dks3vk,j rqe pfdr gks
vksxs fd ekü;rk gh Fh fd ge tkurs gT4 vk,j thou jkst7jkst ;g ?Iuk ?Ikrk
g,4 jkst7jkst i®uh Sslk ø;ogkj dj nsrh g, fd rqégX ijs'kuh gksrh g,4 rqe lks
p gh ugC ldrs Fs4 ifr Sslk ø;ogkj dj nsrk g, fd i®uh lksp gh ugC ldrh
Fh fd dHh Sslk djsxk4
Sd vkneh dks rqe Hyk ekurs Fs] Sd fnu /ks[k ns tkrk g,4 rqe dgrs gks A
;g vkneh /ks[k ns x;k4 ysfdu lπpkB dqy bruh gh g, fd rqeus ;g eku fy

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;k Fk fd ;g dHh /ks[k u nsxk4 ;g rqégkjh tkudkjh Fh] flGZ rqégkjh tkud
kjh IwI x;h] vk,j dqN ugC gqvk g,4 ;g vkneh rks t,lk g, o,lk gh g,4
Sd cqjk vkneh Hyk gks tkrk g,4 Sd Hyk vkneh cqjk gks tkrk g,4 {< eX gks
tkrh g, ;g ckr4
dksB Hh vkneh dh Hfo‘;ok<h ugC gks ldrh4 ge bruk rks dHh Hh fdlh dks
ugC tku ikrs gT fd dg ldX fd dy ;g d,lk ø;ogkj djsxk4 gekjh tkudkf
j;ka ekü;rk Hj gT4 ij bügC ekü;rkvkX ds dkj< gekjk thou /qa/yk gks tkrk
g, vk,j thou ls izse [ks tkrk g,4
ijek®ek dks Hh yksx lkspus yxrs gT fd ge tkurs gT] rks cl mudh izkFZuk Hh
ej xB4 tgka tkuk] fd tkuk ogka ijek®ek Hh ej x;k] izkFZuk Hh ej xB]
rqe Hh ej xS4 ogka flGZ e1®;q dk gh okl g,4 tgka rFkdfFr Kku dh l?urk
g, ogka e1®;q dk vkokl g,4 vk,j tgka rqe funk∆" cπps dh Hkafr gks ftls dqN
Hh irk ugC] ogka jg¬; g,4 blfyS rks NksIs cπps rqégX brus vkÁkfnr ekywe
i\Lrs gT4 rqe Hh mudk gkF id\L dj py jgs gks] mlh cxhps eX ftleX os gT]
ysfdu os brus vkÁkfnr gT2 gj m\Lrh frryh mudh vka[kX dks id\L ysrh g,4
gj Gwy mügX fOOdk ysrk g,4 os [\Ls gks xS gT6 rqe mügX [Cp jgs gks fd pyks
vc D;k ns[uk ;s ns[s gqS ©qy gT gj i{h dh vkokt mügX jksd ysrh g,4 ;g Hk
xk [jxks' vk,j muds izk< muds lkF gks fyS2
ysfdu rqe2 rqe mlh cxhps ls xqtj jgs gks6 u i{h rqégX Nwrs gT6 u o1{kX dh
gfj;kyh rqégX Nqrh g,6 u GwykX ds jax rqégX iqdkjrs gT6 u vkdk' eX f[yk ba–/uq
" rqégX fn[kB i\Lrk g,4 rqégX dqN ugC fn[kB i\Lrk4 rqégX rks ;g [;ky g, bl
cxhps eX rks cgqr ckj gks xS4 cl blh dkj< lc v\Lpu gqB tk jgh g,4
mifu"n dgrs gT A ftls ;g [;ky g, fd eT ijek®ek dks tkurk gwa] tkuuk fd
ugC tkurk4 ;g rks lcls c\Ls vKku dh ?ks"<k gks tkSxh4 ijek®ek dks tku
usokyk rks flGZ jg¬;7foeq≈/ jg tkrk g,6 ek,u gks tkrk g,4 vk,j ftl fnu rqe
ijek®ek ds lkF Fks\Lk7lk Hh laca/ tks\L ysrs gks] ml fnu ijek®ek rks Kkr gks
rk gh ugC] ;g lalkj Hh vKkr gks tkrk g,4 ftlus ijek®ek ds lkF Fks\Lk laca
/ tks\L fy;k] ml fnu mldh i®uh Hh vKkr gks xB] ifr Hh vKkr gks x;k]
viuk csIk Hh vKkr gks x;k] D;kXfd bl csIs dh vka[kX eX Hh ijek®ek gh >kads
xk4 bl fe_ ds gkF eX Hh ijek®ek dk gh ¬i'Z gkssxk4 ;g i®uh Hh dksB vk,j
ugC] mldk gh Sd Wi g,4 ;g o1{kX eX Hh ogh gjk g,4 bu if{;kX eX Hh ogh
xhr xk jgk g,4 bl lwjt eX ogh izdk' g,4 bl va/sjh jkr eX ogh va/sjh jkr
g,4
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tkrk g,4 bldks nwljh Hk"k eX vxj dgX rks fGj ls txr. jg¬;iw<Z gks tkrk g,6

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fGj ls vkæp;Z dk tüe gksrk g,6 fGj ls rqégX cπps dh vka[ feyrh g,6 iqutZü
e gqvk6 f}t cus4 ;g u;k tüe gh laü;kl g,4
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ugC`9
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tkurs gh ugC mls d,ls izse djX2 igys tkuXxs] rHh rks izse mitsxk29 rqégkjk
[;ky g, fd izse izse dh o¬rq ds dkj< mitrk g,] rks Hwy eX i\L xS4
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ikuh dh ryk' ihNs g,4
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yS fp¥ykrk g, fd eq>s nw/ pkfgS`3 blfyS jksrk g,] ph[rk7 iqdkjrk g, fd
eq>s nw/ pkfgS` nw/ dk rks mls dqN Hh irk ugC6 u igys dHh p[k u dHh
lquk4 fGj fdlfyS iqdkj epk jgk g,` fGj fdlfyS xqgkj epk jgk g,` fGj
fdlfyS 'ksjxqy dj jgk g,` Hw[ g,4 Hw[ dk irk g,4
Hsn le> ysuk4 nw/ dk irk gks vk,j rc Hw[ yxs rks >wOh Hw[4 Sslh rqégX vd
lj yxrh g,4 gksIy ds ikl ls fudys] xa/ r,jrh ikl ls xqtj xB] uklkiqI xa/
ls Hj xS vk,j Hw[ yx vkB4 idk,\Ls idrs Fs vk,j Hw[ yx vkB4 ;g >wOh g,4
vHh {<Hj igys ugC Fh4 vHh idk,\LkX ds idus dh xa/ uklkiqIkX eX Hj xB
vk,j Hw[ yx vkB4 ;g Hw[ ekufld g,4 ;g FksFh g,4 bl Hw[ ls lko/ku4 ;g
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rqégkjs 'jhj dh ekax gh ugC g,4 ;g rqégkjh tWjr ugC g,4 tWjr gksrh rks i
dk,\Ls dh xa/ dh tWjr ugC Fh4 tWjr gksrh rks Hw[ mOrh4 fGj rqe idk,\Ls
dh ryk' eX fudyrs] og nwljh ckr Fh4
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ki6 irk gh ugC pyrk Fk d,ls] dgka ls2 thou7jl bleX pqipki cgrk Fk4 b
ls vkXO Hh ugC pykus i\Lrs Fs4 thou7MtkZ bls feyrh Fh eq©r4 blus dHh nw
/ fi;k Hh ugC g,4 c\Lk pe®dkj g,4
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rk g,] jksrk g,] fp¥ykrk g,4 fdlds fyS jksrk g,] iqdkjrk g,] ;g Hh vHh irk
ugC g,4 ;g Hh d,ls irk gkss ldrk g,2 flGZ jksrk g,4
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ysrk g,4 fcuk uke ds Hh HDr cqykrk g,4 vkdk' eX ns[rk g, vk,j [kstrk g,4
pkan7rkjkX eX [kstrk g,4 yksxkX dh vka[kX eX [kstrk g,4 vius pkjkX rjG ns[rk
g,4 ckgj7Hhrj [kstrk g,4 mls Sd ckr dk irk g, fd Hhrj dksB pht mOh g,
c\Ls tksj ls6 Sd va/L mOk g,6 Sd rwGku vk;k g,6 Sd Hw[ txh g,4
o,Kkfud dgrs gT fd cπps dks t,ls gh ¬ru feyrk g,] og r®dky ¬ru ls nw/
ihuk 'qW dj nsrk g,4 blus igys dHh v˙;kl Hh ugC fd;k] dksB fjglZy Hh
ugC fd;k g,4 bldks dksB ek,dk gh ugC feyk fjglZy dk4 ;g d,ls Sdne ls nw
/ ihus yxrk g,`
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nw/ ihNs vkrk g,] Hw[ igys4 ikuh ihNs vkrk g,] î;kl igys4 izse igys vkrk g,
] ijek®ek ckn eX4
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rqe bls o¬rqxr er cukvks3vk®exr g,4 izse rqégkjs Hhrj g, gh4 vly eX rq
eus tc Hh izse fd;k g, rks rqeus ijek®ek dh gh ryk' dh g,4 bls eT nksgjk
nwa4 rqeus tc Hh fdlh dks izse fd;k g, rks rqeus ijek®ek dh gh ryk' dh g,3
vutkus4 cπpk vdlj djrk g,6 mlds gkF eX dqN Hh nks] t¥nh ls eqag eX ys
ysrk g,4 D;kX` mls rks Hw[ yxh g,4 og ¬ru dh ryk' dj jgk g,4 gkF eX ?qu
?quk fn;k] ?qu?qus dks eqag eX ys yrk g,4 dqN u feys] rks vius vaxwOs dks eqag eX
ys ysrk g,6 vius i,j ds vaxwOs dks eqag eX ys ysrk g,4 tks feyrk g, mlh dks eqag
eX ys ysrk g,4 mls rks Hw[ yxh g,4 lksprk g, 'k;n ;gh ¬ru g,4 ¬ru dk rks
mls dqN irk ugC4
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4 exj ;g izse g, ijek®ek dh gh ryk'4 vk,j blfyS bl txr. dk dksB Hh
izse r1îr ugC dj ikrk4 cπps us ?qu?quk eqag eX ys fy;k] exj blls dqN Hw[ r
ks feIsxh ugC4 ?qu?qus dks pwlrk jgs] ?qu?qus dks ihrk jgs] blls r1fîr rks gksxh
ugC6 t¥nh gh nsj7vcsj ?qu?qus dks GXd nsxk4 fGj ryk' 'qW gks tkSxh4
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Gj ijek®ek dks ugC ikrs] blfyS Mc i,nk gks tkrh g,] fo"kn i,nk gksrk g,4 f
Gj ge Sd ?qu?quk Nks\Lrs gT] fGj nwljk ?qu?quk id\L ysrs gT4 /u [kstk] /u
eX dqN jl u ik;k4 in [kstk] in eX dqN jl u ik;k4 i®uh [ksth] ifr [ksts]
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fey tkS] jl feys d,ls` ?qu?qus us dgk dc Fk fd eT rqégX jl nwaxk` rqeus e
ku fy;k Fk4

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rk g,4 'jkc eX [kstrk gks rks Hh ijek®ek dks gh [kstrk g,4 in eX [kstrk gks
rks Hh ijek®ek dks gh [kstrk g,4 /u eX [kstrk gks rks Hh ijek®ek dks gh
[kstrk g,4 le>us dh dksf'' djuk4
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[ksstrk g,` vkneh /u dh ryk' eX ;gh [kst jgk g, fd Slh f¬Ffr vk tkS f
d esjh lc tWjrX iwjh gks tkSa] fd eq>s dqN pkfgS gks rks esjs ikl /u gks6 Ss
lk u gks fd pkgr rks gkss vk,j /u u gks] rks r\Li gks4 /u ds }kjk vkneh Sd
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kst g,` bruk /u gks fd esjh vkdka{kvkX ls †;knk gkss] ;gh rks /u dh [kst g,4
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dka{k ugC cph4 D;kXfd vkdka{k ;kuh fH[eaxkiu3ekaxks] fx\Lfx\Lkvks] r\Liks2
rqe tks /u ds ihNs brus i\Ls gks rks rqe dksB QiS7flDds ds ihNs Fks\Ls gh nhok
us gks4 dk,u ikxy QiS ds ihNs nhokuk g,2 QiS eX Sd vk'k g,] Sd Hjkslk g,
fd vxj Qi;k ikl gksxk rks rqégX fH[eaxk ugC gksuk i\Lsxk6 tc tWjr i\Lsxh]
rqégkjs ikl laifR gksxh] lqfo/k gksxh] rqe viuh tWjr iwjh dj yksxs6 tWjr
ls r\Liksxs ugC4
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ljh ckr g,6 blfyS ge rdyhG eX i\Lrs gT4 exj gekjh vkdka{k rks ;gh g,4
rqe in ij igqapuk pkgrs gks3D;kX` rkfd rqe fdlh ls uhps u jg tkvks] blls
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tgka ls fGj vk,j tkus dh] vk,j /Dds [kus dh tWjr u jgs6 vkf[jh i\Lko v
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®uh eX Sd Sslk ;k,ou [kstuk pkgk Fk tks dHh eqj>kSxk ugC4 ysfdu og rks
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y cklk gks tkSxk4 ;gka rks lc lqxa/X nqxΩ/X cu tkrh gT4 vk,j ;gka lc lkTn;Z P
y tkrk g,4 ;gka Gwy f[yrs gT3dqégykus dks4 rqeus Sd Sslk Gwy pkgk Fk tks
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4
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ugC cgrk g,4
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ij ugC igqaprk g,4 ftldks ;g ckr fn[kB i\L xB] mldh Hw[ [kfyl jg xB
6 bl lalkj eX dksB mldh Hw[ ugC Hjrk4 ml [kfyl Hw[ ls izkFZuk mOrh g,6
ijek®ek dks tkuus ls ugC mOrh4 [kfyl Hw[] Hw[ vk,j Hw[ vk,j Hw[2 vk,j
bl txr. eX dksB pht r1îr djusokyh ugC4 lc ns[ fy;k] lc ij[ fy;k] dks
B pht r1îr djrh ugC4 fGj D;k djksxs` Hw[ rks g,] î;kl rkss g,4 izse rks vf≈u
dh yiIkX dh rjg mO jgk g,4 vk,j vc bu yiIkX dks my>kusokys ik_ Hh u
jgs3u i®uh my>krh u ifr my>krk] u /u u in] dksB ugC my>krk4 lc gT
viuh txg] ysfdu vc rqégkjh bl vr1fîr ds fyS r1îr djusokyh dksB pht
ugC g, ;gka4 mügC {<kX eX vka[X vkdk' dh rjG mOrh gT] vKkr dh rjG mO
rh gT4 Kkr dks rks Nku fy;k] vc vKkr dks [kstX4 tks fn[kB i\Lrk g,] mldks
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gC dh4 mügkXus dgk] ijek®ek dks D;kssa chp eX ykSa` viuh î;kl g,6 viuh î;k
l dks gh le>us dh dksf'' djX6 viuh î;kl eX gh mrjX4 os viuh î;kl eX gh
mrj xS vk,j mügkXus ije vo¬Fk ik yh4 ijek®ek fey x;k3ijek®ek dh ck
r fdS fcuk fey x;k4 vk,j ftügkXus Hxoku dks ugC ekuk] mudks geus Hxoku
dgk4 cq0 dks geus Hxoku dgk4 egkohj dks geus Hxoku dgk4 ekuk ugC mü
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rs ugC] mldh D;k ckr djX` gekjs Hhrj Sd î;kl g,] mldk gh ge foæys"<
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4 os ¬o;a ijek®ek gks xS2 tWjh ugC fd lHh Sslh ;k_k djX4 tks ljy Ôn;
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4 jksus ds fyS rks dksB dq'yrk vk,j dyk ugC pkfgS4 mlh jksus eX izkFZuk dk
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jg7jg dj fxjrs gT tkys mnklh ds
nqA[ ls /qa/okS7ls Hki dh mlkalh7ls
e,ys7ls] cklh7ls

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varl ds efI;kys cklu [axkj xB

dk,u og iqdkj xB2
liukX ds e\Los ij] HkokX ds pk,js ij
vk'k ds fcjos ij] î;kj ds Idksjs ij
cksj ds fugksjs ij
ljl Wi xa/ ds Gqgkjs Gqgkj xB
dk,u og iqdkj xB2
Sslh Gqypqxh dks ikuk Hj thou g,
c,Os ftl Lkyh ij ml eX daiu g,
xhrkX dk uanu g,
eqØh eX cka/ks rks ikjs7lh ikj xB
vaf/;kjs vkaxu eX fnojk7lk ckj xB
dk,u og iqdkj xB2
bl txr. ds izse Hh tc vkrs gT rkss c\Ls vKkr7vifjfpr ls vkrs gT4 fdlh izseh
ls iwNk bl ¬_h ds izse eX D;kX i\L xS` bls tkurs Fs` tku dj izse fd;k`
rks izseh dgsxk] tkuus dk loky gh ugC mOrk4 bls ns[k vk,j izse gks x;k4
izse d,ls gks x;k] ;g izseh dgrk g,] ;g crkuk eqfædy g,4 eTus fd;k] ;g ckr
gh xyr3cl gks x;k4 vius fdS dh dqN ckr gh ugC g,4 Sd rjax mOh4 dksB
Ôn; dks cka/ x;k4~ ~ ~ dk,u og iqdkj xB2
igpkurs Fks\Ls gh gT izseh Sd7nwljs dks4 Sd iqdkj] Sd rjax nksukX Ôn;kX eX Sd
lkF Lksy tkrh g,4 dksB vKkr rarq dai tkrk g,4 D;kX dai tkrk g,` vc rd
dksB mRj ugC g,4 dHh dksB mRj ugC gksxk4 dkj< fey tkS izse dk rks le
>uk izse gh ugC 4 rqe dgksxs fd blfyS izse fd;k fd blds ikl i,lk cgqr Fk

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] cki dh vdsyh csIh g,] lc viuk gks tkSxk3rks ;g izse u jgk4 vxj mRj
ns ldks fd blfyS izse fd;k] rks ;g izse u jgk4 rqeus dgk fd bldh ukd c\
Lh lqanj g,~~~~ukd ls rks dksB izse ugC djrk4 vk,j fGj ukd rks ukd gh g,] d
y fxj i\Ls] pksI vk tkS] fGj D;k gksxk` rqe dgks bldh vka[ ls izse fd;k4
ugC] ;s lc rks cgkus gT4 vdlj rqe [kst ysrs gks ;s cgkus4 exj ;s lπps ugC
gT4
izse igys gks tkrk g,] fGj vka[ lqanj ekywe i\Lrh g,] ukd lqanj ekywe i\Lrh
g,] cky lqanj ekywe i\Lrs gT4 vly ckr myIh g,4 Sslk ugC g, fd vka[ lqanj F
h] blfyS izse gks x;k4 izse gks x;k] blfyS vka[ lqanj ekywe i\Lrh g,4 D;kXfd
;gh vka[ fdlh nwljs dks lqanj ugC ekywe i\Lrh6 flGZ rqégC dks ekywe i\Lrh
g,4
y,yk flGZ etuw dks lqanj ekywe i\Lrh g,4 lkjk xkao galrk Fk] ikxy le>rk
Fk4 etuw dk eryc gh ikxy gks x;k /hjs7/hjs] 'çn dk vFZ gh ikxy gks x;
k fd 8D;k etuw gqS tk jgs gks2 fnekx [jkc gkss x;k g,`9 lkjk xkao galrk Fk
4 yksx dgrs Fs A rw ikxy g,] ;g y,yk eX dqN Hh j[k ugC g,6 geX rks dqN fn
[kB ugC i\Lrs4 xkao ds jktk us Hh cqyk;k etuw dks4 dgk A 8rw fc¥dqy nhoku
xh Nks\L4 rq>s lqanj ¬_h pkfgS`9
le>nkj vkneh lnk Sslh ckrX djrs jgs A 8rq>s lqanj ¬_h pkfgS`9 mlus jkte
gy ls ckgj y\Lfd;ka [\Lh dj nC3lqanjre4 ml iwjs ns' eX ugC FC4 etuw x;k
4 Sd7Sd ¬_h dks ns[k] yk,Idj mnkl vk x;k4 mlus dgkA y,yk bueX dksB Hh
ugC g,4 jktk us dgk A rw ikxy gqvk g,` y,yk dqN Hh ugC g,3Sd dkyh7dyw
Ih7lh] lk/kj<7lh ¬_h g,6 ;s lqanjre f¬_;ka gT4
etuw us dgk A gkXxh4 ysfdu eq>s y,yk ds flok; vk,j dksB lqanj fn[kB ugC i\L
rh4 eq>s ftlls izse g, mlh eX lkTn;Z fn[kB i\Lrk g,4
jktk us dgk A eq>s lkTn;Z ugC fn[kB i\Lrk] eT dksB va/k gwa`
etuw dk mRj c\Lk î;kjk Fk4 mlus dgkA vxj y,yk eX lkTn;Z ns[uk gks rks et
uw dh vka[ pkfgS4
;g ckr c\Lh egÂoiw<Z g, A etuw dh vka[4
rqégkjk tc fdlh ls izse gks tkrk g, rkss nqfu;k dks rqe ikxy ekywe i\Lksxs4 izseh
lnk ls ikxy ekywe i\Ls gT4 dkj< lkG g, D;kXfd izseh mRj ugC ns ikrs] rdZ
;qDr mRj ugC ns ikrs4 blfyS izse dks yksx va/k dgrs gT] D;kXfd izse ds ikl
rdZ ugC g,4 izse ds ikl cqf0ekuhiw<Z mRj ugC g,4 blfyS cgqr cqf0ekukX us r
ks izse dk jk¬rk gh lekîr dj fn;k Fk4 mügkXus rks fookg Btkn fd;k4 og cqf
0ekukX dh Btkn g,6 le>nkj] pkykdkX dh Btkn g,4 mügkXus fookg Btkn fd;k
4 fookg dk eryc gksrk g, fd igys Ohd ls tku yks] fGj izse eX i\Lks4 ?j7fO
dkuk] †;ksfr" ls iwNks4 eqgwrZ fn[okvks4 dqyhu g, ;k ugC` ijaijk d,lh g,` vc

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rd ?j eX d,ls yksx jgs` izfr‘Ok d,lh` /u] in7izfr‘Ok] f'{k ;g lc tkapks
7ij[ks4 igys tku yks] fGj izse djks4
rqégkjk tks izæu g, og Sslk gh g, fd igys tkuX rc rks izse gks4 fGj fookg gksx
k] izse ugC gks ikSxk4 vk,j fookg izse ugC g,] [;ky j[uk4 fookg fc¥dqy îyk
f¬Id] mleX vlfy;r \tjk Hh ugC g,4 ø;o¬Fk vπNh g, fookg dh6 mleX [rj
k de g,] ;g lp g,4 lqfo/k †;knk g,] lqj{k †;knk g,4 lekt fookg ds lkF †
;knk lqjf{r g,6 izse ds lkF [rjs gT4 Sslh pht dk D;k Hjkslk tks vutku ls
mrjrh g,4 vius cl eX ugC g,4 Sslh pht dk dksB Hjkslk ugC g,4 vk;k gok d
k >kXdk rks vk x;k] ugC vk;k rks~ ~ ~4 vk,j tks vk;k vpkud] og vpkud t
k Hh ldrk g,4 ;g Hh [rjk g,4
fookg rks ge ps‘Ik ls ykS gT] ps‘Ik ls gh tk ldsxk4 igys fookg dks c\Ls vk;
kstu ls ykuk i\Lrk g,4 blfyS rks fGj rykd dk mruk gh vk;kstu djuk i\L
rk g,6 tc tkSxk rks mruk gh vk;kstu djuk i\Lrk g,4 vk,j Hh dfOu vk;kst
u djuk i\Lsxk4 t,ls cTL7ckts cts Fs vk,j Sd vk,ipkfjdrk Fh vk,j iafLr7iqjksf
gr vkS Fs vk,j lekt bdØk gqvk Fk] Sslh fGj vnkyr dh nqfu;k eX xqtjuk
i\Lsxk] eqdnesckth gksxh] dkuwu pysxk] >a>IX gkXxh4 ø;o¬Fk cukB Fh rks ø;o¬
Fk feIkus eX gh mruh >a>I gksxh4
izse rks vkrk g, vKkr >kXds dh rjg4 fGj mldk dqN Hjkslk Hh D;k2 mleX r
ks cgqr fgéeroj gh Hjkslk dj ldrs gT4 mleX rks nq¬lkglh Hjkslk dj ldrs
gT4 detksj] of<d cqf0 ds yksx mleX Hjkslk ugC dj ldrs4 mleX rks {f_;
vk,j jktiwr~ ~ ~ 4
vk,j ;g rks eT lk/kj< izse dh ckr dj jgk gwa4 ijek®ek dk izse rks cgqr H;a
dj va/\L g,4 rqe ijek®ek dks igys tkuksxs] fGj izse djksxs` rqégX dksB igys i
jek®ek ls ifjp; djokS rc rqe izse djksxs` ;gh rks foKku dgrk g,4 foKku
dgrk g,] igys ijek®ek izekf<r gks2 iz;ksx'kyk eX izekf<r gks6 Is¬I7I.;wc eX
izekf<r gks4 ge bldh tkap7ij[ dj yX Ohd ls4 dkI7ihI dj yX bldh Ohd
ls4 tc rd ge ijek®ek dk jksvka7jksvka jx7jx u tku yX] rc rd ge ¬ohdk
j u djXxs4 izse dh rks ckr gh nwj g,6 igys ¬ohdkj djXxs] fGj izse gks ldrk g,
4
~ ~ ~ rks rks fGj rqe ijek®ek ls dHh laca/ u tks\L ikvksxs4
ijek®ek vKkr g,] vk,j vKkr gh jgrk g,6 vn1æ; g, vk,j vn1æ; gh jgrk g,4
ijek®ek dk vFZ g, A bl fojkI eX tks MtkZ lekfgr g,6 ;g tks fojkI dh yhy
k py jgh g,] mlds ihNs tks fNik gqvk urZd g,6 ;g tks u1®; py jgk g,6 ;g
tks m®lo py jgk g,6 bl m®lo ds ihNs tks thou7lw_ g,4 ml thou7lw_ ls l
h/h7lh/h igpku ugC gksrh4 iz®;{ ifjp; dHh ugC gksrk3ijks{4 izse ds }kjk
gh gksrk g,4

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blfyS larkssa us ln.xqQ dh bruh ckr dh g,4 ln.xqQ dk eryc dsoy bruk g, f
d rqégkjk lh/k rks dksB ifjp; ugC g,6 fdlh dk ifjp; gks] igys mlds izse
eX i\Lks4 /hjs7/hjs dne c\Pkvks4
vkneh r,jus lh[us tkrk g, unh ij rks igys rks mFys eX r,jrk g,4 Sdne ls
mrj ugC tkrk lkxj dh xgjkB eX4 igys fdukjs ij r,jrk g,4 vkfg¬rk7vkfg¬
rk v˙;kl djrk g,4 fGj /hjs7/hjs vk,j xgjkB dh rjG c\Prk g,4 Ssls7Ssls Sd
fnu bl ;ks≈; gks tkrk g, fd i,flfGd dh xgjkB Hh gks rks Hh dksB varj ug
C i\Lrk4 r,juk vk x;k4
igys l®lax djks4 l®lax dk eryc g, A tgka rqe t,ls gh î;kls yksx] lalkj ls
Mc xS] gkj xS] Fd xS yksx] lalkj dks ftügkXus Ohd ls ns[ fy;k] ij[ fy
;k vk,j \tjk Hh iks"< ugC ik;k lalkj ls] ftuds izk<kX dks \tjk Hh r1fîr ugC f
eyh] Ssls yksxkX ds lax7lkF c,Oks] laxr djks4 buds lkF c,Ous ls rqégkjh î;kl f
u[jsxh] rqégkjh î;kl izdI gksxh] lkG gksxh4 vk,j rqégX fgéer c\Psxh fd rqe v
dsys gh ugC gks ftlds fyS lalkj ø;FZ x;k g,4 vdsys eX Lj yxrk g, fd irk
ugh]a viuh dksB Hzkafr gks4 tgka lkjh nqfu;k /u dh [kstdj jgh g,] ogka eT ÷;
ku dh [kst dWa2 lansg i,nk gksrk g,] Hjkslk ugC vkrk A dgC ikxy rks ugC gks
jgk gwa4 ;g D;k >a>I flj ij ys jgk gwa2 tgka lkjh Hh\L tk jgh g,] mlh rj
G tkus eX lqxerk ekywe i\Lrh g,] lqfo/k ekywe i\Lrh g,4
tgka Hh\L g, ogC lp gksxk] Sslh gekjh /kj<k g,4 tgka lHh yksx tkrs gT] blhf
yS tkrs gkXxs fd dqN lπpkB g,6 vdsyk eT d,ls py i\Lwa ixLaLh ij4
laxr dk vFZ g, A vdsyk ugC gwa] vk,j Hh yksx gT4 laxr dk vFZ g, A esjs t,ls
vk,j Hh nhokus gT] vk,j esjs t,ls vk,j Hh î;kls gT4 blls fgéer c\Prh g,4
rks igyk dne A laxr4 laxr dk vFZ g, A unh ds fdukjs] rI ij] xys7xys ik
uh eX r,juk lh[ks4 fGj laxr ls nwljk dne g, A ln.xqQ4 vc rqe Fks\Ls vk,j xg
js tkvks4 vc \tjk mldk gkF id\Lks ftlus ijek®ek eX Lqcdh yxkB gks4 igys
mudk gkF id\Lks tks Lqcdh yxkus ds fyS vkrqj gT6 fGj mldk gkF id\Lks ft
lus Lqcdh yxkB gks4 vk,j rhljs dne eX rqégX iwjh ¬ora_rk g,] rqe ijek®ek eX
lh/s Lqcdh ekj tkvks4
laxr] ln.xqQ vk,j l®;3cl ;s rhu gh dne gT4 HfDr eX ;s rhu gh dne gT4
nwljk izæu A rFkrk vk,j leiZ< eq>s fo's" Wi ls fiz; yxrs gT] ysfdu mueX f¬
Fr D;kX ugC gks ikrk` ÎikiwoZd ekxZn'Zu djX4
fiz; yxus ls gh rks dqN gy ugC gksrk4 fiz; rks dHh7dHh xyr dkj<kX ls Hh
yx ldrs gT4 vk,j vkneh bruk xyr g, fd xyr dh gh laHkouk †;knk g,4
le>ks4 leiZ< dh ckr lquh fd rqégX dqN Hh ugC djuk] lc mlh ij Nks\L nsu
k g,4 ;g ckr fiz; yx ldrh g, D;kXfd djus dh >a>I ls cps4 ;g xyr dkj<
gksxk izhfrdj yxus dk4 rqeus lkspkA ;g rks c\Lh vπNh jgh] dqN djuk Hh u

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gC4 exj rqe le>s ugC ckr4 dqN u djuk bl txr. eX lcls c\Lk djuk g, v
k,j lcls dfOu djuk g,4 \tjk dHh vk/k ?\Lh dqN u fdS c,Odj ns[ks] rc rqé
gX le> eX vkSxk4 dqN djuk rkss lnk vklku g,4 djrs rks rqe jgs gh gks] tüe
kX7tüekX ls djrs gh jgs gks4 og rks vklku g,4 dfOu7dfOu dke vkneh dj ys]
ysfdu ;g ljy ls ljy dke fd vk/k ?\Lh dks fcuk fdS c,O tkS] ;g c\Lk
dfOu g,] cgqr dfOu g,4 'jhj ls jksd Hh yksxs vius dks rks eu Hkxk7Hkxk j
gsxk] eu djrk jgsxk4 eu ;kstukSa cukSxk] ;k fd vrhr eX yk,I tkSxk ;k f
d Hfo‘; eX nk,\Lsxk] ;gka7ogka fNrjk7fNrjk gksxk4 exj rqe dqN djksxs rks gh4
u djus dk eryc gksrk g, 'jhj Hh 'wü; gks x;k] eu Hh 'wü; gks x;k4
u djus dk eryc gksrk g, t,ls rqe ej gh xS6 t,ls bu dqN ?f\L;kX ds fyS rq
e cps gh ugC6 rqégkjs gksus dk cks/ gh u jgk4 dksB vgadkj u jgk] dksB drkZ
u jgk] dksB drZ®o u jgk4
Kkfu;kX us dgk g, A Sd {< dks Hh Sslk 'wü; ?I tkS rks lc ?I x;k4
rks tc rqe esjh ckr lqurs gks fd leiZ< eX dqN ugC djuk gksrk] lc Nks\L nsu
k gksrk g,] rks rqégX ckr rks taprh g, ysfdu xyr dkj< ls taprh g,4 rqe lksp
rs gks] ;g vπNh jgh4 ge rks lksprs Fs dqN djuk i\Lsxk4 ;g >a>I feIh djus
dh Hh4
rqe gks vkylh4 rqégX ckr Qph A dqN djuk ugC g,4 exj rqe le>s ugC4 xyr
h ds dkj< ckr taph4 Hzkafr rqégX gks xB4 rqe le>s vky¬;] eT dg jgk Fk 'wü
;4 rqe le>s dqN djuk ugC g,] ;g rks c\Lh lqxe ckr gks xB g,4 vk,j eT dg
jgk Fk vgadkj dks fol√tr djuk g,4
drkZ ;kuh eT4 vk,j tc rqe vdrkZ cuksxs rHh ijek®ek rqégkjs Hhrj izfo‘I gks
ldrk g,4 tc rd rqe gks rc rd ck/k g,] v\Lpu g,4
rks rqe iwNrs gks A 8rFkrk vk,j leiZ< dh ckr eq>s fiz; yxrh g,] ysfdu mueX
f¬Fr D;kX ugC gks ikrk`9 fiz; yxrh gkXxh xyr dkj< ls4 vxj Ohd dkj<
ls fiz; yxXxh rks r®{< f¬Fr gks tkvksxs4 rFkrk dh ckr Hh cgqr yksxkX dks f
iz; yxrh g, fd t,lk g, o,lk gh ¬ohdkj dj yks4 exj rqe le>rs gks ;g vkl
ku g, fd t,lk g, o,lk gh ¬ohdkj dj yks4
eu rks budkj djus dk vknh g,] v˙;¬r g,4 eu rks f'dk;r djus dk vknh g,
4 eu rks gj txg Hwy7pwd fudkyrk g,4 eu rks dgrk g, A Sslk gksuk pkfgS
Fk] Sslk gksrk rks vπNk gksrk4 ;g D;k gks x;k`
gka] tc vπNk7vπNk gksxk rc 'k;n rqe ¬ohdkj dj yks4 ysfdu og rks dksB
ckr u Fh6 loky rks rc Fk tc vπNk u gks rc ¬ohdkj djus dk4 ehOk7ehOk
xi] d\Lok7d\Lok Fw4 ehOk7ehOk xi dh rks ckr gh ugC Fh4 og tks d\Lok7d\
Lok Fk4 ftldks rqe Fwd nsrs gks] mldks Hh mlh vgksHko ls ¬ohdkj dj ysuk
Fk4 lq[ dks lHh ¬ohdkj dj ysrs gT6 nqA[ dks ¬ohdkj djus dh ckr Fh4

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tc eT dgrk gwa rFkrk] rkss mldk vFZ gksrk g, tks izHq ns2 Gwy ns rks Gwy] dkaIs
ns rks dkaIs4 lGyrk ns rks Ohd] foGyrk ns rks Ohd4 foGyrk eX Hh \tjk7lh
f'dk;r u mOsxh4 {<7Hj dks Hh Sslk Hko u vkSxk eu eX fd foGyrk gks
xB] ;g D;k gks x;k` ;g rwus D;k fd;k` vius î;kjs dks] vius HDr dks bl
cqjh n'k eX Lky fn;k` pksj7mpDds lGy gqS tk jgs gT vk,j eT iwtk7ikO dj
ejk tk jgk gwa] eT gkjrk tk jgk gwa4 cqjs vkneh thr jgs gT] egy [\Ls dj jgs
gT4 Hys vkneh fxfÈ;ka rks\L jgs gT4 ;g rw D;k dj jgk g,` vk,j eTus rks lnk
;gh lquk Fk fd rsjs lalkj eX ü;k; g,6 ;g rks vü;k; gks jgk g,4
rqe vdlj Hys vknfe;kX dks jksrs ikvksxs4 esjs ikl vkrs gT4 os dgrs gTA ;g D;
k gks jgk g, lalkj eX` geus rks lquk Fk l®;eso t;rs2 ;gka rks >wO dh fot;
gks jgh g, vk,j l®; rks gkjk7ihIk g,] lc txg pkjkX [kus fpr i\Lk g,4 l®; cks
ys fd gkjs4 >wO cksyks rks thrks4
esjs ikl yksx vkrs gT4 os dgrs gT] ge 'hy ls thrs gT] lnkpj< ls thrs gT] Hw
[s ej jgs gT4 cπpkX ds fyS u f'{k tqIk ikrs] u edku tqIk ikrs] u dksB lq[
7lqfo/k tqIk ikrs4 ge Hh pksj gksrs] ge Hh yGaxs gksrs] rks ge Hh lq[ eX gksrs
4
exj bldk eryc D;k gksrk g,` bldk eryc bruk gh gkssrk g, fd ;s Hysiu
dh tks ckrX dj jgs gT3'hy] lnkpj<] b®;kfn 3;s flGZ H; ds dkj< Hys gT
4 og tks pksj [rjk ysrk g,] og [rjk ysus dh budh r,;kjh ugC g,4 pksj [r
jk Hh ysrk g,] egy gh ugC cukrk g,6 dHh7dHh fGj 8uk, yk[ ds egy9 eX H
h pyk tkrk g,4 mldk [rjk Hh ns[rs gks2 og nkao Hh yxkrk g,4 tqvkjh g,4
;k rks lc x;k ;k lc ikrk g,4
vc rqe NksIh7lh nqdku djrs gks] tqS dk nkao yxkrs ugC4 rks dHh7dHh tqvkj
h tc thr tkrk g,] rc rqe ijs'ku gksrs gks4 exj mldk [rjk ns[k2 mlus t
ksf[e mOkB Fh4 ;k rks l\Ld dk fH[eaxk gksrk4 rqe dHh fH[eaxs u gksvksxs4 f
dlh rjg [krs7ihrs nky jksIh tqIkrs jgksxs4 ;k rks og fH[eaxk gksus dks r,;kj
Fk ;k egy cukus dks r,;kj Fk4 nksukX gkyr eX mlus [rjk fy;k Fk] rks dHh
og thrsxk] dHh gkjsxk4 mlds lkgl ds dkj< gh ;g gks jgk g,4
rqégkjh uhfr vdlj rqégkjk vkarfjd H; gksrk g, fd dgC id\Ls u tkSa] dgC
dksB >a>I u gks tkS] izfr‘Ok u IwI tkS2 ;g dksB ok¬rfod /eZ ugC g,A ;g
HhW dk /eZ g,4 ;g detksj vk,j uiqald dk /eZ g,4
blfyS rqégkjs eu eX f'dk;r Hh cuh jgrh g,4 rqégkjs eu eX B‘;kZ rks mlh ls
cuh jgrh g,] ml cqjs vkneh ls4 rqe Hh pkgrs rks ogh gks tks mls fey jgk
g,6 ysfdu rqe mruh tksf[e Hh ugC mOkuk pkgrs 4 rqe tkylkt †;knk gks4 rq
e fcuk gh tksf[e ds ikuk pkgrs gks4 rqe pkgrs gks fd dHh7dHh Htu dj ys
rs gT] ekyk Gsj ysrs gT] blfyS tks egy pksj dks fey x;k g, og geX Hh fey

vtgw psr xaokj
tkS4 ij Htu dj ysus ls egy ds feyus dk dksB laca/ ugC4 Htu djus ls
ckn'kg gksus dk tWj laca/ g,] ysfdu egy ds feyus dk dkssB laca/ ugC g,4 ck
n'kg rqe gks tkvksxs3>kXi\Ls eX jgksxs rks Hh ckn'kg gks tkvksxs4 vk,j egy gksus
ls Fks\Ls gh dksB ckn'kg gkss tkrk g,4 egykX eX fdrus fH[kjh jg jgs gT2 exj
rqe egy ns[rs gks4 rqégX Hh egy gh fn[kB i\Lrk g,6 egy ds Hhrj og tks
fH[eaxk ] og tks pksj jg jgk g, tks jkrHj lks ugC ldrk vk,j ftlds thou
eX dksB 'kafr ugC g, vk,j lc rjG tgj g,] og rqégX ugC fn[kB i\Lrk] mld
k egy fn[kB i\Lrk g,4
rqe Hh gks rks pksj gh] ysfdu rqe \tjk detksj pksj gks4 rqe id\Ls tkus dk [
rjk ugC mOk lds4 rqe ekyk Gsjrs gks] t,ls fd ekyk Gsjus ls egy ds feyus
dk dksB laca/ g,6 fd rqe xhrk i\Prs gks] xhrk i\Pus ls dksB /u ds i,nk gksus dk
dksB Hh rks laca/ ugC g,4
ok¬rfod /k√ed vkneh dh dksB f'dk;r ugC gksrh] lnk gh /ü;okn gksrk g,4
og dgrk g,] izHq dh vuqdaik gj ?\Lh cjl jgh g,4 dHh nqA[ eX vkrh g,] d
Hh lq[ eX vkrh g,] ysfdu eT mls ges'k igpkurk gwa4 og nqA[ eX Hh vkrh g,
rc Hh mldh Îik dks igpkurk gwa4 D;kXfd nqA[ lnk nqA[ gh ugC gksrk4 nqA[ f
u[kjrk g,] ekatrk g,4 nqA[ dpjs dks tykrk g,4 nqA[ 'q0 dks izdI djrk g,4
nqA[ izf∂;k g, fodkl dh4
tc yksgkj ihIrk g, yksgs dks] vkx eX Lkyrk g,] ihIrk g,] vkx eX Lkyrk g,]
rc dqN fu√er gks ikrk g,4 lksus dks vkx eX Lkyuk i\Lrk g,] rc dpjk tyrk
g, vk,j lksuk dqanu curk g,4
Ssls gh nqA[ Hh Sd vf≈u g,4 vk,j vdlj Sslk gksrk g, fd ijek®ek vius î;kjkX
dks †;knk nqA[ dh vf≈u ls xqtkjrk g,4 ¬oHkorA os mlds î;kjs gT4 ¬oHkorA
muds Hhrj ik_rk Sslh g, fd mügX †;knk vf≈u ls xqtkjk tkuk pkfgS4 ¬oHko
rA muds Hhrj †;knk laHkouk fNih g,] mügX †;knk dwIk7ihIk tkuk pkfgS] rkf
d muds Hhrj ncs gqS cht izdI gks tkSa4
vdlj cqjk vkneh lqfo/k ls th ysrk g,4 cqjs vkneh eX dqN g, gh ugC4 mldks
dwIus7ihIus dh Hh dksB tWjr ugC4 Hyk vkneh gtkj vlqfo/kvkX ls xqtjrk
g,4 exj vxj ijek®ek ls izse yx x;k gks] yxu yx xB gks rks nqA[ nqA[ ugC
ekywe gksrk6 foGyrk foGyrk ugC ekywe gksrh6 gkj gkj ugC ekywe gksrh6 g
j gkj Sd u;h thr dh lh\Ph cu tkrh g,4
vc rqe iwNrs gks fd rFkrk vk,j leiZ< eq>s fo's" Wi ls fiz; yxrs gT4 os bl
fyS vπNs yxrs gkXxs fd rFkrk dk eryc gksrk g, Sd rjg dk Hk≈;okn] fd
vc ge D;k djX] tks ijek®ek dj jgk g, lks dj jgk g,] tks djsxk lks djsxk]
gekjs fdS rks dqN gksxk ugC4 Sd rjg dh dkfgyrk] lq¬rh] vky¬;~ ~ ~4 ;g
udkjk®ed igyw g, rFkrk dk] tks rqe id\L jgs gks4

vtgw psr xaokj
fGj nwljk g, leiZ< A geX dqN djuk ugC g,] flGZ mlds pj<kX eX flj j[ nsu
k g,4 exj rqe lksprs gks mlds pj<kX eX flj j[ nsuk dqN vklku ckr g,` fl
j mrkj dj j[uk gksrk g,4 Ssls gh >qdk fn;k vk,j pys vkS~ ~ ~4 rqe rks >qds
gh ugC] flj dh dok;n gks xB 4 Ssls ugC pysxk4 iyIw dk dy opu lquk`
iyIw us dgk A vius flj dks dkIs4 dkIs gh ugC] fGj dIs gqS flj ds Mij [qn
ukps4 c\Lh viwoZ ckr dgh2 flj dks dkIs] igys rks vgadkj dks dkIdj fxjk ns
4 vk,j bruk gh ugC fd fxjkdj [\Lk gks tkS fd ns[ks fdruk ®;kx fd;k6 mn
klh eX [\Lk gks tkS xaHhj gksdj fd vc eq>s cnyk nks4 ukpks3 vkuan vgksHko
ls] m®lo ls2 ml m®lo dh ?\Lh eX gh ijek®ek ls feyu gksrk g,4
rks rqégX dqN ckrX izhfrdj yxX] blls ;g er lkspuk fd rqe mleX f¬Fr gks tk
vksxs4 vxj f¬Fr gks tkvks rks gh le>uk fd o¬rqrA rqégX izhfrdj yxC vk,j Oh
d dkj<kX ls izhfrdj yxC4 vxj f¬Fr u gks ikvks rks le>uk fd xyr dkj<kX
ls izhfrdj yxh gkXxh] vius dkj< dks cnyks4
nqfu;k eX c\Ls7c\Ls viwoZ fl0kar xyr vknfe;kX ds gkF eX i\Ldj xyr gks xS4
xyr vkneh ds gkF eX Ohd fl0kar Hh xyr gks tkrk g,4 vk,j Ohd vkneh ds
gkF eX xyr fl0kar Hh Ohd gks tkrk g,4 bls ¬ej< j[uk4 lc dqN vkneh
ij fuHZj g,4
vc ;g fdruk viwoZ fl0kar Fk Hk≈; dk fd tks dj jgk g, ijek®ek dj jgk
g,2 ysfdu xyr vknfe;kX ds gkF eX i\L x;k4 ;g viwoZ fl0kar xyr vknfe;
kX ds gkF eX i\Ldj iwoZ dh iwjh dh iwjh ijs'kuh dk dkj< cu x;k4 8vc geX
dqN djuk ugC g,4 vc rks tks dqN gks jgk g, Ohd g,4 nqA[ g,] nkfj–; g,] chek
jh g,] jksx g,3lc Ohd g,49 Sd rjg dh t\Lrk i,nk gks xB4
Hk≈;okn us iwoZ dks ekj Lkyk3cqjh rjg ekj Lkyk2 xyr dkj<kX ls Sslk gqvk4
vlyh Hk≈;okn dk vFZ ;g ugC gksrk fd geX dqN ugC djuk g,4 vlyh Hk≈;
okn dk vFZ ;g gksrk g, fd gels ijek®ek tks djokS og djuk4 djusokyk o
g g,] djusokys ge gT4 djusokys vc Hh ge gT4 [;ky j[uk] iqQ"kFñ Hh dj
rk g,6 ysfdu iqQ"kFñ dgrk g,] eT dj jgk gwa4 vk,j Hk≈;oknh Hh djrk g,6 ysf
du Hk≈;oknh dgrk g,] ijek®ek djok jgk g,4 bruk gh GdZ g,4 djus eX \tjk
GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 lp rks ;g g, fd iqQ"kFñ t¥nh Fd tkSxk4 mldh MtkZ fd
ruh2 vgadkj dh {erk fdruh2 Hk≈;oknh dHh ugC Fdsxk4 ijek®ek dh MtkZ
ls tks th jgk g,] ogh djok jgk g,6 mlds Fdus ds dkj< dgka gT4
vxj iwoZ ds ns'kX us Hk≈;okn dks Ohd dkj<kssa ls id\Lk gksrk rks ifæpe cgqr i
hNs gksrk4 ifæpe rks vgadkj ls th jgk g,4 ifæpe vgadkj ls bruk laiU gks x
;k vk,j ge ijek®ek ds lkF tq\Ldj u gks ikS4 tWj dgC dqN Hwy gks xB g,]
xgjh Hwy gks xB g,4 ge tq\Ls gh ugC4 geus Hk≈; dks vky¬; cuk fy;k4 leiZ

vtgw psr xaokj
< dks ge le>s fd cl [®e gks x;k6 eafnj eX flj j[ vkS] ckr [®e gks x
B4
leiZ< g, iwjs thou dh ',yh dk Wikarj<4 leiZ< dk vFZ gksrk g, A vc rw g,]
eT ugC gwa4 vc rw tks djokS ogh eT dWaxk4 ;gh rks xhrk dh iwjh dh iwjh fH
Rh g,4 vtqZu c\Lk ikæpk®; cqf0 dk vkneh jgk gksxk4 og ;gh dg jgk g, fd
eT dkIwa] eT ekWa] bl ;q0 eX eT g®;k dWa] Vglk dWa] eT Ssls cqjs dke dWa3fd
lfyS` eT taxy pyk tkMaxk] eT lc Nkss\L nwaxk4 eT laü;¬r gqvk tkrk gwa4
vk,j Î‘< mls [Cp7[Cp dj] le>k7le>k dj okfil yk jgs gT4 vk,j Î‘< d
g jgs gT fd rw Sd Hzkafr Nks\L ns fd rw djusokyk g,4 djusokyk ijek®ek g,4 rw
dk,u chp eX vkrk g,2 ;s tks yksx rw [\Ls ns[ jgk g,] ;s ej gh pqds gT4 rw rks
fufeR ek_ g,4 t,ls dksB vkneh ej x;k vk,j rsjs /Dds dh tWjr g,4 rkfd
og fxj tkS4 rw /Ddk ugC ns rks dksB vk,j /Ddk nsxk] ysfdu tks ekjusokyk
g, og ejsxk4 rw Hkx er4 rw ijek®ek dh lsok dj4 rq>s Fks\Lk volj feyk g,]
blls er pwd4 ijek®ek us rq>s fufeR cuk;k g,] rw fufeR cu tk4 ;g viwoZ
volj g,] blls Hkx er4 ;gh laü;kl g,4
vtqZu dks le> eX ugC vkrh ckr fd ;g d,lk laü;kl g,2 fookn pyrk g,] yac
k fookn pyrk g,4 Î‘< dgrs gT ;gh laü;kl g, fd izHq tkss djkS ogh ge djX4
fGj ;g Hh ge iwNXxs fd cqjk fd Hyk4 D;kXfd eT dk,u2 tgka fufeR cuk nsxk
~~ ~4
;g c\Lh ∂kafrdkjh /kj<k g, A cqjs dks Hh pqipki ¬ohdkj dj ysuk4 vieku gks
xk] Vunk gksxh] izfr‘Ok [ks tkS3Ohd g,4 izHq dh ;gh etñ gks rks ;gh gksxk4 ;
gh dke mls eq>ls ysuk gksxk4 eq>s vizfrf‘Or gksus dh n'k eX Lkyuk tWjh gks
xk] blfyS Lkyrk g,4
Sslh ljyrk ls tks leiZ< dj nsrk g, mlds thou eX dqN vk,j djus dks cpk
ugC jg tkrk4 cpus dh dksB ckr gh ugC jgh4
Ohd dkj< id\Lks4 Ohd dkj< le>ks4 vü;Fk vdlj rqeus larkX ds opu dk nq
Qi;ksx fd;k g,4 rqe dqN vius fglkc ls vFZ fudky ysrs gks4 rqe vius vFZ S
d fdukjs j[ks4 tks dgk tkS mls Ohd o,lk gh igys le>us dh dksf'' djks4
t¥nckth u djks4 djus dh t¥nh ugC g,4 le>us dh fG∂ djks igys4
b/j esjk fujarj dk vuqHo ;g g, fd yksx djus dh t¥nh eX gT6 le>us dh t
¥nh fdlh dks g, gh ugC4 yksx dgrs gT] le>dj D;k djuk4 os esjs ikl vk tk
rs gT4 os dgrs gT] vc vki rks lc le>rs gh gks] vki dg nkss ge D;k djX2 e
xj eT tks dgwaxk vk,j rqe fcuk le>s djksxs rks Hwy gksusokyh g,4 D;kX` fGj x
yr vkneh ds gkF eX] ftlds ikl le> ugC g,] xyrh gh gksus okyh g,4
rqégkjs ikl le> gkssuh pkfgS] djus dh bruh t¥nh er djks4 le> ls tks Î®
; fudyrk g,] ogh lqanj gksrk g,4 vk,j le> ls Î®; fudyrs gT4

vtgw psr xaokj
rks igys rks rqe rFkrk vk,j leiZ< dks Ohd ls le>ks4 vHh v˙;kl dh tWjr
ugC g, fd rFkrk dk v˙;kl djks] leiZ< dk v˙;kl djks4 igys le> yks4
le> fy;k rks rqe ikvksxs v˙;kl vius7vki pyk vk;k3Nk;k dh rjg4
rhljk izæu A izHq7izse ds ekxZ eX lcls c\Lh ck/k D;k g,`
rqégC gks lcls c\Lh ck/k4 vk,j dksB ck/k ugC g,4 eT7Hko lcls c\Lh ck/k g,4 H
Dr gh ck/k g, Hxoku ds ekxZ eX4 HDr dks feIuk gksrk g,] xyuk gksrk g,] [ks
tkuk gksrk g,4
lk/kj< thou eX Hh izse eX tks ck/k g,] og vgadkj g,4 lk/kj< thou eX Hh4
pyks Nks\Lks ijek®ek dks4 ijek®ek dk rqégX vuqHo ugC g,] blfyS ckr cscw>
gks tkSxh4 lk/kj< thou eX Hh tks izse eX ck/k g, og D;k g,` ;gh vgadkj4
ifr i®uh ij dçtk djus dh dksf'' eX yxs gT] fn[kus dh dksf'' eX fd eT ek
fyd gwa4 ifr dksf'' dj jgk g, fn[kus dh fd eT ekfyd gwa4 >x\Lk py jgk g,
4
le¬r rjg ds izsfe;kX eX Sd gh dyg pyrh jgrh g, fd dk,u ekfyd g,] fdl
dh ekuh tkrh g,`
eq¥yk ulQYhu pk;[kus eX c,Odj yksxkX ls dg jgk Fk fd esjs ?j dHh dksB >
x\Lk ugC gksrk4 yksxkX us ekuk ugC4 mügkXus dgk] ;g ge eku ugC ldrs] ;g
dHh gqvk gh ugC g, fd ?j eX gks vk,j >x\Lk u gksrk gks4 ?j gh D;k vxj >
x\Lk u gksrk gks` vk,j vxj Sslk g, rks rqe viuk jkt crkvks fd ;g d,ls laH
o gqvk` ;g rks vlaHo ?Iuk g, fd >x\Lk u gksrk gks4
eq¥yk us dgk A geus ftl fnu 'knh dh mlh fnu Sd fu<Z; dj fy;k fd c\Ls7
c\Ls elys eT r; dWaxk] NksIs7NksIs elys i®uh r; djsxh4 fGj rcls dksB >x\Lk
ugC gqvk4
fdlh dks Hjkslk u vk;k bl ckr ij4 mügkXus dgk fd rqe \tjk fo¬rkj eX dgks
4 [qyklk djkss4 dk,u7ls elys c\Ls vk,,j dk,u7ls elys NksIs`
rks eq¥yk us dgk A NksIs7NksIs elys3t,ls dk,u7lk ?j [jhnuk g,] dk,u7lh dkj
[jhnh tkS] dk,u7lk /a/k fd;k tkS6 y\Lds dkss fdl ¬dwy eX Hstk tkS6 dk,u7
ls di\Ls igus tkSa4 ;s NksIs7NksIs dke rks i®uh fuiIk ysrh g,4 vk,,j c\Ls7c\Ls el
ys D;k gT` t,ls fd ¬oxZ g, ;k ugC] ujd g, ;k ugC] Ssls c\Ls7c\Ls elys eT fui
Ikrk gwa4 >x\Lk dqN gksrk gh ugC4 >x\Lk gksxk Hh D;kX`
vkneh dh lrr ps‘Ik gksrh g, cgqr xgjs eX4 vc eq¥yk ;g dg dj fd c\Ls7c\Ls
elys eT fuiIkrk gwa] ml c\Ls7c\Ls eX Hh vius vgadkj dks cpkus dh dksf'' d
j jgk g,4 NksIs7NksIs i®uh fuiIkrh g,4 vk,j i®uh †;knk ik√Fo gkssrh g, f¬_;ka †
;knk ik√Fo gksrh gT] †;knk le>nkj4 os tkurh gT fd NksIs elys gh c\Ls elys
gT4 c\Ls elykX eX D;k j[k g,` gksrk g, ujd fd ugC gksrk] rqe tkuks4 ;s fl0ka
r dh ckrX rqe r; djrs jgks4 dkssB ¬_h bu ckrkX dh fG∂ ugC djrh cgqr4 v

vtgw psr xaokj
lyh eryc dh ckrX mlus vius gkF eX ys j[h gT4 nksukX r1îr gT4 i®uh tkurh
g, vlyh D;k g, vk,j eq¥yk lksprk g, fd c\Ls elys D;k gT4
vgadkj dh lrr ps‘Ik pyrh g, fd fdlh Hh cgkus eT c\Lk gks tkMa4
izse eX Hh cl vgadkj gh mi–o g,4 izse eX tks dyg pyrh g,] og izse dh ugC
] vgadkj dh dyg g,4
esjh tka xks rq>s fny ls Hqyk;k tk ugC ldrk
exj ;s ckr eT viuh tqcka ij yk ugC ldrk4
rq>s viuk cukuk eksftcs jkgr le>dj Hh
rq>s viuk cuk ywa] ;s rløoj yk ugC ldrk4
gqvk g, ckjgk Sglkl eq>dks bl gdhdr dk
rsjs utnhd jg dj Hh eT rq>dks ik ugC ldrk4
esjs n¬rs7gol dh n¬rjl g, ft¬e rd rsjs
le>rk gwa fd fny i, dçtk ik ugC ldrk4
rsjs fny dh reUk Hh dWa rks fdl Hjksls ij
eT [qn njxkg eX rsjh ;g rksgGk yk ugC ldrk4
esjh etcwfj;kX dks Hh cgqr dqN n[y g, bleX
rq>h dks eksfjns7bytke eT Ogjk ugC ldrk4
eT rq>ls c\P dj viuh vkcW dks î;kj djrk gwa
eT viuh b†trks7ukewl dks Oqdjk ugC ldrk4
rsjs ekgk,y dh i¬rh dk rkuk nwa rq>s D;wadj

vtgw psr xaokj
eT [qn ekgk,y ls viuh fjgkB ik ugC ldrk4
Sd gh dfOukB g, A eT rq>ls c\Pdj viuh vkcW dks î;kj djrk gwa4 eT viuh
b†trks7uewl dks Oqdjk ugC ldrk4 eT vius eku7léeku dks Oqdjk ugC ldrk4
izseh dg jgk g, fd eT vkdj rsjs }kj eX fuosnu Hh ugC dj ldrk fd eT rsjk
izseh gwa4 eT] vk,j fuosnu dWa2 eT viuh eku7e;kZnk Nks\L ugC ldrk4 ty ywaxk4
tkurk gwa fd rsjk lkF fey tkS rks lq[ gksxk] ysfdu esjk vgadkj esjs i,jkX
dks jksdrk g,4 eT fuosnu Hh ugC dj ldrk4 ;g ckr eT viuh tcku ls dg H
h ugC ldrk fd rsjs lkF esjs thou eX lq[ gksusokyk g,4 rsjs dkj< lq[ gksxk]
;g Hh ugC dg ldrk4
rqeus dHh fuosnu fd;k g,` lp eX fdlh ls dgk g, fd rqégkjs dkj< esjs tho
u eX lq[ g,] lq[ gks jgk g,` eu jksd ysrk g,A ;g ckr dgus dh ugC g,4 f¬_;
ka rks brus vgadkj ls Hj xB gT lfn;kX eX fd f¬_;ka rks dHh izse dk fuosnu d
jrh gh ugC4 dksB ¬_h dHh izse dk fuosnu ugC djrh4 izse Hh rks izrh{k dj
rh g, fd iqQ" gh fuosnu djs4
fuosnu Hh izse dk djus eX bruh v\Lpu g,2 ;g djus eX gh eu dks c\Lh pksI
yxrh g, fd eT fdlh ls Hh[ ekaxus pyk] fH{k ekaxus pyk6 eTus fdlh ds lke
us ;g ¬ohdkj fd;k fd esjh [q'h rsjh [q'h ij fuHZj g,4 ogh v\Lpu gks tkrh
g,4
rks ijek®ek ds lkeus Hh ;gh ck/k g,4 ogka rks rqégX ifjiw<Z Wi ls fuosnu dj
uk i\Lsxk fd eT ck/k gwa] rw eq>s feIk2 rw eq>s lekîr dj2 rw eq>s lkF ns fd eT
fdlh rjg vius ls ikj gks tkMa2
rqe iwN jgs gks A 8izHq7izse ds ekxZ ij lcls c\Lh ck/k D;k g,`9
3eT rq>ls c\Pdj viuh vkcW dks î;kj djrk gwa
eT viuh b†trks7ukewl dks Oqdjk ugC ldrk4
lquk g, u ehjka dks2 lc ykssd7ykt [ksB4 vk,j Hh ehjkaSa gks ldrh FC nqfu;k eX
] ysfdu yksd7ykt [ksus dks dksB r,;kj ugC4 izfr‘Ok xaokB4
bl lekt eX rks HDr dh rks dksB izfr‘Ok ugC gks ldrh4 Hxoku dh gh dksB
izfr‘Ok ugC rks HDr dh d,lh gksxh` Hxoku gh vizfrf‘Or gks x;k g,] rkss Hx
oku dh rjG tkusokyk HDr rks d,ls izfrf‘Or gksxk`
;s c\Ls ets dh ckrX gT4 rqe eafnj tkdj Gwy rks p\Pk vkrs gks nks] ysfdu rqégkj
k csIk vxj lp eX HDr gks tkS rks rqe ijs'ku gks tkvksxs4 dksB laü;klh xkao
eX vkrk g, rks rqe mlds i,j Nwdj ue¬dkj dj vkrs gks] ysfdu rqégkjk csIk laü
;klh gks tkS rks rqe ijs'ku gks tkvksxs4 ;g c\Lh g,jkuh dh ckr g,4 rqégkjs eu
eX laü;kl dh lp eX izfr‘Ok g,` vxj rqégkjs eu eX laü;kl dh izfr‘Ok g, rks
rqe pkgksxs fd rqégkjk csIk Hh laü;klh gks tkS4 exj og rks rqe ugC pkgrs4
gka] xkao eX dksB laü;klh vkrk g, rks rqégkjk D;k ysrk g,2 rqe tk dj i,j Nw v

vtgw psr xaokj
krs gks4 ;g eq©r dh J0k rqe fn[k vkrs gkss3nks dk,\Lh dh4 pkgrs rks rqe gks f
d csIk fdlh rjg fn¥yh igqap tkS4 pkgrs rqe gks fd csIk jktusrk gks tkS4
pkgrs rks rqe gks fd csIk cgqr /uh gks tkS4 gka] fdlh nwljs dk csIk vxj laü;
klh gks tkS rks rqe Hh mldh 'ksHk;k_k eX lféefyr gks tkrs gks4 rqégkjk D;k
yxrk g,2 nksukX gkF ls ywI yh3vius csIs ls lalkj ywI jgs gT vk,j nwljs ds laü;k
lh ds pj<kX eX tkdj flj >qdkdj nwljk lalkj Hh laHky jgs gT4
rqe ehjka dk Htu rks c\Lh e¬rh ls lqu ysrs gks] ysfdu rqeus lkspk g, dHh fd
rqégkjh i®uh vxj ehjka gks tkS vk,j xkao7xkao }kj7}kj ?weus yxs vk,j ukpus
yxs jk¬rkX ij vk,j Î‘< ds xhr xkus yxs] rks rqe Hh tgj dk î;kyk Hstksxs4
rqe Hh2 gkykafd rqeus dgkuh eX tc Hh i\Pk Fk fd jk<k us tgj dk î;kyk Hs
tk] rHh rqégX yxk Fk fd jk<k Hh d,lk vkneh Fk] ehjka t,lh î;kjh ¬_h] Sslh
HDr] vk,j mldks tgj dk î;kyk Hstk2 rqe D;k djksxs` rqe Hh tgj dk î;k
yk Hstksxs4 rqe Hh jk<k ls fHU ø;ogkj ugC djksxs4 rqégkjk Hh ø;ogkj ogh g
ksxk4
yk[kX yksx thll dks iwtrs gT4 ysfdu thll us tks fd;k] vxj rqégkjk csIk djs
vk,j rqégkjs csIs dks lwyh ij p\Pus dh uk,cr vk tkS] rks rqe D;k djkssxs` th
ll ds eka7cki us Hh] dgk tkrk g,] budkj dj fn;k Fk6 dg fn;k Fk] gekjk
blls dqN laca/ ugC g,4 ¬oHkorA vkt yk[kX7djks\LkX yksx thll dh iwtk djrs
gT3∂kŒl ij p\Ps thll dh2 rqeus dHh lkspk rqégkjk csIk ∂kŒl ij p\Ps` ;g f
c¥dqy vklku g, vius xys eX Sd ∂kŒl dk izrhd yIdk ysuk] D;kXfd mleX dq
N gtkZ ugC g,4
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d bl txr. eX rqégkjs i,j Lxexk tkSaxs4 ;gka rqe tgka [\Ls gks ogka ls gI tk
vksxs4 ;gka tks ew¥;oku g,] ijek®ek dh ryk' eX lc ew¥;ghu gkss tkrk g,4 fGj
u dksB ifr g, u dksB i®uh g,6 u dksB csIk g, u eka g,6 fGj u dksB HkB g, u
dksB fe_ g,4 fGj u dksB bl txr. ds ew¥; vFZ j[rs gT4 fGj Sd u;k ew¥;
rqégkjs thou eX i,nk gqvk4 ml uS ew¥; dh rjG tkus ds fyS ikxy gksus dh
fgéer rks pkfgS gh3pkfgS gh pkfgS4 ogh v\Lpu vk jgh g,4
rqe iwNrs gks A 8izHq7izse ds ekxZ eX lcls c\Lh ck/k D;k g,`9 rqe viuh b†tr7
vkcW ugC [ks ldrs4 rqe b†tr7vkcW cpk7cpk dj ijek®ek dks ikuk pkgrs
gks4 rqe c\Ls gkssf';kj gks] pkykd gks4 tks ehjka ugC dj ldh og rqe djuk pk
grs gks4 tks cq0 ugC dj lds og rqe djuk pkgrs gks4 rqe pkgrs gks A lalkj
Hh cp tkS vk,j fdlh rjg ijek®ek dks Hh ik yX6 vius dks Hh cpk yX vk,j
mls Hh ik yX4 rqe ijek®ek dks Ssls ikuk pkgrs gks t,ls rqe /u ikuk pkgrs gks
3viuh eqØh eX4 rqe vius dks xaok dj ijek®ek dks ikus dh r,;kjh ugC j[rs4

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vk,j tks vius dks xaokus dks jkth ugC mlus dHh ik;k ugC4 feIs fcuk dksB p
kjk gh ugC g,] dksB mik; ugC g,4
rqégC gks ck/k4
ysfdu >wO pyrk g,4 >wO /eZ pyrk g,4 lc rjg ds >wO pyrs gT4 ;gka PkTx p
yrk g,4 l¬rk /eZ A eafnj eX tkdj iwtkdj vkS6 i®Fj dh ew√r ds lkeus flj
>qdk vkS6 dHh ?j eX l®; ukjk;< dh dFk djk yh6 dHh fdlh Gdhj ds
opu lqu vkS4 bl dku ls lqus ml dku ls fudky fnS6 ;k lqus gh ugC4 vf/
drj ykssx rks lksS gh jgrs gT] lquus dk loky gh ugC mOrk4
Sd vkneh vius ?j yk,Ik4 i\Lksl ds cπps vk,j mlds cπps lc feydj [sy [s
y jgs Fs4 mlus iwNk D;k [sy [sy jgs gks] D;kXfd os c\Lh vthc7lh gkyr eX Fs
4 lc fc¥dqy pqipki c,Os Fs4 mlus iwNk] dk,u7lk [sy gks jgk g,` mügkXus dgk
A ge ppZ [sy jgs gT4
ppZ2 rks mlus dgk] Ssls pqipki D;kX c,Os gks`
rks mügkXus dgk A ppZ eX fy[k jgrk g, u fd 'kar jgks2 rks ge yksx ppZ eX c,
Os gT4
mlus Ssls gh iwNk fd rqe eryc le>rs gks fd ppZ eX ;g D;kX fy[k jgrk g,
fd 'kar jgks` mlds csIs us dgk] ekywe g, geX A ftlls fd yksxkX dh uCn u Iw
Is4 lc yksx lksS jgrs gT4
dku ls Hh dk,u lqurk g,2 lquus dh >a>I eX Hh dk,u i\Lrk g,2 D;kXfd lquks] fG
j Hqykvks] fGj lGkB djks4 lqurs gh ugC yksx4
;g l¬rk /eZ g,] >wOk /eZ g,4 vk,j bl >wOs /eZ eX c\Lh lqxerk ekywe gksrh g,4
blls izfr‘Ok feyrh g,] tkrh ugC] rqe /k√ed le>s tkrs gks4 yksx dgrs gT A
vkgk] vkneh gks rks Sslk jetku vkrk g, rks ns[ks fdl rjg jksts j[rk g,2
vkneh gks rks Sslk3i;wZ"< vkrs gT rks d,ls miokl djrk g,2 vkneh gks rks Sslk
fd gj vekol] iw√<ek miokl djrk g,] fd gj lky xaxk7¬uku djus tkrk g,
2 vkneh gks rks Sslk] lc /ke gks vk;k g,2 blls izfr‘Ok g,] ?Irh ugC4
vlyh /eZ ls rks bl txr. eX rqe Sdne m[\L tkrs gks4 udyh /eZ ls bl tx
r. eX c\Lh izfr‘Ok feyrh g,4
;gka vk,ipkfjd /eZ dk pyu g,3>wOk flDdk4
eTus lquk g, A fn¥yh ds Sd vtk;c?j eX Sd c\Lk Hkyw Fk3lGsn Hkyw4 lk;csf
j;k dk Hkyw4 og vpkud ej x;k4 og cπpkX dks c\Lk î;kjk Fk4 vk,j mlds f
cuk cπps c\Ls ijs'ku gksus yxs4 nwj7nwj ls ns[us cπps ml Hkyw dks vkrs Fs4 Hk
yw dk dI?jk [kyh i\Lk jgk4 dqN fnu e,ustj Hh ijs'ku gqvk4 Hkyw dks ykuk
bruh t¥nh vklku Hh ugC4 dgka ls Hkyw [kstk tkS2 rHh Sd fnu jkg ij
Sd jktusrk ls feyuk gks x;k4 jktusrk vHh7vHh pquko gkjs Fs] uk,djh dh r
yk' eX Fs4 mls lw> vkB3vtk;c?j ds e,ustj dks4 mlus dgk] vki Sslk djks]

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Sd dke esjs ikl g,4 rhu lk, QiS eghus eT vkidks nwaxk4 Hkyw ej x;k g,] m
ldh geus [ky fudky yh g,4 og vks\Pdj vki cl c,O tkvks] cπpkX ds fyS
dkGh g,4 mNyrs7dwnrs jgs Fks\Lk4 cπps c\Ls mnkl gT4 mlh Hkyw ds fyS vkrs Fs4
vtk;c?j dh 'ku pyh xB4
rhu lk, Qi;k] mlus lksspk dqN [kl >a>I Hh ugC g,4 vk,j mNyuk7dwnuk rkss
mls o,ls gh vkrk g,] ik√y;keXI eX ogh rks djrk Fk2 rks mlus dgk] ;g tesxk
4 nwljs fnu ls Hkyw dh [ky vks\P yh mlus vk,j mNyrk7dwnrk vk,j c\Lk vkuan
vkrk4 cπps Hh c\Ls izlU gqS4 Sslk vkO fnu rks c\Ls ets ls xqtjs] uk,oX fnu Ss
lk gqvk fd mlus ns[k fd }kj [qyk g, Hj7nqigjh eX4 jkst jkr dks mls NqÈh gks
tkrh Fh4 vius ?j tkdj lkssrk Fk] lqcg fGj vkdj Hksj eX Hkyw dk os' vks\
P ysrk Fk4 Hj nksigj eX njoktk [qyk6 njoktk gh ugC [qyk] Sd Vlg Hhrj
?qlk4 mlds rks NDds NwI xS4 og rks fp¥yk;k A ekjs xS] cpkvks2 og rks Hw
y gh x;k fd eT Hkyw gwa vk,j vkneh dh Hk"k cksyuk vHh Ohd ugC4 vlfy;
r] tc eqlhcr vk tkS rks vkneh dh vlfy;r izdI gksrh g,4 og fp¥yk;k A
cpkvks] cpkvks] ekjs xS2
ysfdu rc vk,j Sd pe®dkj gqvk4 og Vlg mlds ikl vk;k4 mlus dgk A m¥
yw ds iØs] pqi jg2 D;k rw lksprk g, rw gh vdsyk pquko gkjk g,` Ssls fp¥ykS
xk] rsjh uk,djh tkSxh] esjh Hh tkSxh4
;gka Sslk gh /ks[k py jgk g,4 ;gka dksB Hkyw cuk g,] dksB Vlg cuk g,4 ;gka
yksx Ssls cus gT t,ls ugC gT6 tks ugC gT4
/k√ed vkneh c\Lk [rjk eksy ysrk g,] D;kXfd bl >wOs lekt eX og lπps gksus
dh fgéer djrk g,4 bl >wOkX dh Hh\L eX og vius udkc mrkj nsrk g,] og
vius eq[k,Is mrkj nsrk g,4 og dgrk g, A tks gaw eT] t,lk gwa] ;g gwa4 cqjk rks cqj
k] Hyk rks Hyk4 ¬ohdkj dj yks rks Ohd4 ¬ohdkj u djks rks Ohd4 ysfdu eT
vc dksB eq[k,Is ugC vksPwaxk4
/k√ed vkneh vius fyS Hh [rjk mOkrk g, vk,j nwljkX ds fyS Hh ukjktxh
dk dkj< gks tkrk g,4 D;kXfd dksB vkneh tc vius eq[k,Is mrkj nsrk g, rks rqé
gX Hh vius eq[k,IkX dh ;kn vkus yxrh g,4 blfyS ge /k√ed vkneh dks dHh
cjnkær ugC dj ldrs4 >wOkX dh Hh\L eX vxj dksB vkneh lp cksys rks lc >w
Os feydj mldks ekj LkyXxs4 D;kXfd ;g vkneh Sd mi–o dk dkj< gks x;k4
lc py jgk Fk] lc Ohd py jgk FkA bu l†tu us lp cksyus dh >a>I [\L
h dj nh bügkXus4
Sd lp cksyusokyk vkneh >wOkX dh Hh\L eX lcdk nqæeu gks tkSxk4 lc mls nq
æeu dh rjg ns[Xxs4 D;kXfd gj vkneh dks [Idsxk4 bldk lp gj vkneh ds
>wO dks fn[ykrk g,4 ;g tks fctyh dkT/rh g, blds lp ls] mlls gj vkneh
ds jksx fn[kB i\Lrs gT4 blfyS geus thll dks lwyh ij yIdk fn;k] lqdjkr

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dks tgj fiyk fn;k] ealwj dks ekj Lkyk4 ge cjnkær ugC dj lds4 gka] ej t
kS ealwj] fGj ge iwtk djrs gT4 thll ej tkSa] fGj ge ppZ cukrs gT4 lqdjk
r dh ge gtkjkX lky rd ;kn j[rs gT] iwtk ds ©wy p\Pkrs gT4 ysfdu Vtnk /k√
ed vkneh ls geX d‘I gksrk g,4 D;kXfd Vtnk /k√ed vkneh [kfyl] izekf<d
t,lk g, o,lk6 vk,j u mls eku dh fG∂ g, u mls e;kZnk dh4
bl txr. eX lkjk mik;] lkjh ø;o¬Fk vgadkj ds bnZfxnZ g,4 ge NksIs7NksIs cπp
kX dkss Hh dgrs gT fd ns[ks [;ky j[uk] fdl dqy ds gks] fdl ?j ls vkS] fd
lds csIs gks2 ge NksIs7NksIs cπpkX dks dgrs gT] ¬dwy eX izFe vkuk] izfr‘Ok j[u
k] gekjs ?j eX dHh Hh dksB f}rh; ugC vk;k4 ge vgadkj fl[krs gT] igys fn
u ls gh vgadkj fl[krs gT4 ge yksxkX dks dgrs gT] Sslk ø;ogkj djks ftlls b†
tr feys4 ge rks Sslh ckrX yksxkX dks fl[krs gT fd fouez jgks] fuvZgadkjh cuks]
rks gh izfr‘Ok feysxh4
vc ;g Hh c\Ls ets dh ckr g, fd ftldks izfr‘Ok pkfgS og fuvZgadkjh d,ls c
u ldrk g,2 fuvZgadkj dk /ks[k dj ldrk g,4 8fouhr cuks] rkfd yksx rqégX
vknj nX49 vknj ikus ds fyS yksx fouhr cus gqS gT4 fouhr d,ls cuXxs` fouhr
dk eryc gksrk g,] ftls vknj dh dksB pkg u gks] ftls vuknj ls dksB bud
kj ugC4 dksB ¬rqfr djs fd Vunk] lc cjkcj g,] Sslh lerqyrk dk uke fouhr
rk g,4
exj ge [wc vthc ckrX fl[krs gT4 ge dgrs gT] Bekunkjh dq'y uhfr g,4 uh
fr2 8vkus¬Ih b\t fn c,¬I ikŒfylh49 ij [;ky j[uk] tks vkneh bl uhfr dks
ekurk g,] Bekunkj ugC gks ldrk4 ;g rks csBekuh dh 'qQvkr gks xB4 Bekun
kjh3uhfr2 rjdhc2 ikŒfylh2 rks jktuhfr gks xB4 ikŒfylh vkB rks ikŒfyfIDl g
ks xB4 ;g vkneh blhfyS Bekunkj g, D;kXfd Bekunkjh eX ykH g,4 ysfdu vx
j dy csBekuh eX ykH gksxk rks ;g vkneh Bekunkj jgsxk` ykH ds dkj< Be
kunkj Fk4 ykH gksrk Fk rks Bekunkj Fk4 ykH bldk y”; Fk4 vkt csBekuh
eX ykH gksrk g, rks ;g csBeku gks tkSxk4 blus dHh Bekunkjh dh Fks\Ls gh iwt
k dh Fh6 ykH dh iwtk dh Fh4
gekjh lkjh Bekunkjh] lkjs lp] lc rjdhcX gT6 ysfdu lcls ihNs Sd gh vkd
ka{k g, A fdlh rjg gekjs vgadkj dks izfr‘Ok feys4 ;g lkjk lalkj vgadkj dh
dhy ij ?werk g,4 vk,j ijek®ek dks ikus eX vgadkj ck/k g,4
ijek®ek dks ikus ds fyS vkneh dks Sd gh egÂoiw<Z dke djuk i\Lrk g,] Sd
gh egÂoiw<Z dne mOkuk i\Lrk g,3og g, vk®e?kr6 og vius vgadkj dks fc¥
dqy dkI nsuk6 og dg nsuk fd eT dqN Hh ugC gwa] eT 'wü;or gwa4 vk,j Sslk dg
gh ugC nsuk3Ssls thuk4 dksB xkyh ns tkS rks 'wü; dks D;k v\Lpu2 vk,j dksB
¬rqfr dj tkS rkss 'wü; dks D;k iz'alk vk,j D;k izlUrk2 'wü; rks 'wü; gh jgs
xk4 Sd lwus ?j eX tkdj ¬rqfr dj vkvks fd xkyh ns vkvks] nksukX xwatXxh] nksukX

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foyhu gks tkSaxh4 lwuk ?j lwuk jgsxk4 Sslk ø;fDr gh ijek®ek dks ikus eX l
eFZ gks ikrk g,4
rqe iwNrs gks A 8 izHq7izse ds ekxZ eX lcls c\Lh ck/k D;k g,`9
rqe4 rqégkjs vfrfjDr vk,j dqN Hh ugC4 rqe gIks] izHq dks jkg nks4 ijek®ek v
kus dks vkrqj g,] rqe \tjk }kj7njokts [ksyks4 ysfdu rqe v\Ls [\Ls gks }kj7njok
tkX ij4 rqe pkgrs gks ijek®ek Hh fey tkS vk,j mlds feyus ls Hh izfr‘Ok c\
P tkS4 /u rks ik gh fy;k] in rks ik gh fy;k] vc ijek®ek Hh fey tkS4
Sslh dksB pht NwI u tkS dgus dks fd eTus ugC ik;k6 ;g Sd ijek®ek gkF
ds ckgj u jg tkS4 ;g Hh nqfu;k dks fn[k nwa fd ;g Hh ikdj jgk4 lc ikd
j fn[k fn;k4
rqe ijek®ek ij Hh fot; ikuk pkgrs gks2 ijek®ek ds Hh fotsrk gksuk pkgrs
gks2 fGj rqe ijek®ek dks ugC vuqHo dj ikvksxs4 vk,,j izse dk rks tüe gh u
gksxk6 izse dk >juk gh ugC GwIsxk4
vius dks gkjk gqvk tkuks4 gkjs dks gfjuke2 vius dks ijkftr tkuks4 gkjks vk,j
feI tkvks4 loZgkjk gks tkvks4 rqeus viuk djds cgqr ns[ fy;k] dqN Hh ugC f
eyk6 vc Fks\Lh nsj dks vius drkZ dks tkus nks4 drkZ ds tkrs gh }kj [qyrk g,6
i®Fj gIrk g,] >juk GwIrk g,4
vkf[jh izæu A izHq7izse nhokuk D;kssa cuk nsrk g,`
vk,j D;k djs` izse ;kuh nhokuxh4 izse ;kuh ikxyiu4 izse ;kuh rdZ ds ckgj
gks tkuk4 izse ;kuh cqf0 dh >a>IkX ls NwI tkuk6 cqf0 dh lhekvkX dk vfr∂e<
dj tkuk4 izse ;kuh Sd rjg dh 'jkc] Sd rjg dh e¬rh ] tks rqe vius
Hhrj gh fu√er dj ysrs gks4
rqeus izseh dh vka[ ns[h2 lnk fiS7fiS ekywe i\Lrk g,4 rqeus izseh ds i,j ns[s2
dgC j[rk dgC i\Lrs gT2 lnk Lkssyk7Lksyk jgrk g,4
izse dh dhfe;k ;gh g, fd rqe vius gh Hhrj 'jkc dkss i,nk djrs gks6 rqégkjs
Hhrj gh 'jkc i,nk gksus yxrh g,] fGj fdlh e/q'kyk eX tkuk ugC i\Lrk4 rq
e ¬o;a gh viuk e/q fuAl1r djus yxrs gks4
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k ds izse dh rks ckr gh D;k dguh2 fdlh euq‘; ds izse eX i\L tkvks vk,j nhok
us gks tkrs gks4 o1{kX ds izse eX i\L tkvks vk,j buds lkTn;Z ds izse eX i\L tkvks v
k,j rqégkjs Hhrj nhokuxh vk tkrh g,4 dfo;kX dks ns[k2 Gwy] rkjkX] cknykX ds
izse eX i\Ldj d,lh e¬rh eX Lwc tkrs gT2
tgka Hh izse g, ogka e¬rh g,4 fGj ijek®ek dk izse rks ije izse g,] rks ije e¬
rh g,4
dy eT Sd xhr i\P jgk Fk4 Sd izseh ijek®ek ls dg jgk g,4 dg jgk g, fd
eTus bl ¬_h dks izse fd;k g,] bleX esjk dlwj ugC g,] og ¬_h gh Sslh Fh4 Sslk

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lkTn;Z izHq] fd vxj rqe Hh ns[rs rks rqe Hh pfdr gks tkrs] rqe Hh vokd
jg tkrs4
tqeZ vxj gq¬us7utj g, rks xqugxkj gwa eT4
nkojk blds flok esjh [rk dqN Hh ugC
Fh u\tj eX esjh] 'knkch7S7tUr ysfdu
fdruh 'knkc Fh oks jkgxqtj D;k dfgS2
nkojk rsjh e'hvr ds rdktkX dh dle
okdB fny i, c\Lk tcz fd;k Fk eTus
eq>dks ekywe Fk vkokjk fuxkgh dk evky
ysfdu ml 'ks[ dk vGlwus u\tj D;k dfg2
nkojk2 esjh u\tj eX Fh rsjh 'kus tyky
ysfdu Ss dk' fn[k nwa rq>s mldk Hh teky
nkojk2 fdrus fny vkost Fs mlds [rksgky
vk,j fGj ml i, esjk gq¬us7u\tj D;k dfgS2
tqeZ vxj gq¬us7u\tj g, rks xqugxkj gwa eT2
izseh dg jgk g, fd vxj lkTn;Z dks ns[usokyh vka[ eX dksB tqeZ g, rks eT xqugxk
j gwa] eT vijk/h gwa4 tqeZ vxj gq¬us7u\tj g, rks xqugxkj gwa eT4 nkojk2 gs izHq2 gs
ü;k;drkZ2 gs Bæoj2 nkojk blds flok esjh [rk dqN Hh ugC4 esjk vk,j dksB
dlwj ugC g,4 lkTn;Z Fk vk,j esjs ikl vka[ g, lkTn;Z dks ij[us dh] rks eT D;k
djrk`
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Fh u\tj eX esjh 'knkch7S7tUr ysfdu
izseh dgrk g, fd eq>s irk g, fd rsjk ¬oxZ c\Lk î;kjk g, vk,j eq>s ;g Hh irk
g, fd ¬oxZ eX c\Lh [qf';ka gT] vk,j c\Lk lk,,an;Z g,4 exj fGj Hh D;k dgwa`
¬oxZ dh izGq¥yrk dk eq>s irk g, vk,j esjs [;ky eX Fh ckr4 Sslk Hh ugC Fk
fd Hwy x;k Fk4 rq>s Hwy x;k Fk] Sslh Hh ckr u Fh4
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rks yksx dgrs gT A geX vkb¬∂he ls cgqr izse g,6 fd geX gkŒdh ls cgqr izse g,6 f
d geX 'jkc ls cgqr izse g,6 fd geX ijek®ek ls cgqr izse g,4 vc vkb¬∂he vk,
j ijek®ek nksukX ds fyS Sd gh 'çn mi;ksx djuk i\Ls] ;g Hk"k \tjk nfj– g
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h dksB vkdka{k ugC g,4 ikus dh jRhHj vkdka{k ugC g,4 flGZ nku g,4 tc izse
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u eX Sd gh nk,\L g, A d,ls ik ywa] d,ls ywI ywa` Sd rks thou dk Pax g, fd d,ls
lcls Nhu ywa4 ;g lalkjh dk Pax g,4 Sd vk,j nwljk Pax g, thou dk3Ohd fo
ijhr3ftldks eT laü;klh dk Pax dgrk gwa A 8d,ls ns nwa2 d,ls ckaI nwa] tks Hh esjs
ikl g,29
ftl fnu rqégkjs Hhrj ckaIusokys dk tüe gksrk g, ml fnu rqégkjs Hhrj ¬usg
dk tüe gksrk g,4 xqQ dk f'‘; ds izfr tks izse gksrk g,] mldks ge ¬usg dgrs gT
4 eka dk csIs ds izfr tks izse gksrk g,] mldks ge ¬usg dgrs gT4 nku gh g, ogka4
/ü;Hkx g, fd nwljk ¬ohdkj dj ysrk g,4 ysus dh dksB vkdka{k ugC g,4 tgka ys
uk vk;k ogka foÎfr vk;h4 tgka ysuk vk;k] ogka vf≈u dh yiI 'q0 u jgh]
/qSa ls Hj x;h4
[;ky rqeus fd;k] tc ge yd\Lh tykrs gT] vkx i,nk gksrh g,] rks /qvka i,nk g
ksrk g,2 ysfdu rqe ;g tkurs gks fd yd\Lh ls /qvka i,nk ugC gksrk6 yd\Lh eX f
Nis gqS ikuh ls i,nk gksrk g,4 yd\Lh lw[h gks] fc¥dqy lw[h gks rks fGj /qvka i,n

vtgw psr xaokj
k ugC gksrk4 ftruh xhyh gks mruh gh /aq/ vkrh g,4 Ssls gh izse ls dHh thou
eX /qvka i,nk ugC gksrk4 izse ds lkF tks okluk yxh g,] okluk dh tks vk–Zrk
g,] xhykiu g,] mlh ls /qvka i,nk gksrk g,4 tc okluk dh lkjh vk–Zrk lw[ tkr
h g,] tc yd\Lh fc¥dqy lw[h gksrh g,] rc \tjk Hh /qvka i,nk ugC gksrk4 izse ls
c\Lk /qvka i,nk gksrk g,4 blfyS izsfe;kX dks rqe vdlj y\Lrs ikvksxs] >x\Lrs ik
vksxs] Sd7nwljs ij dçtk djrs ikvksxs] B‘;kZ ls Hjs ikvksxs4 tyu] }s"] ?1<k l
c i,nk gksrk g,] ∂ks/4 izse ds lkF gtkj rjg dh chekfj;ka pyrh gT4 ¬usg ds
lkF dksB chekjh ugC4
rks rqe Sslk le> yks A chekj ¬usg dk uke izse g,4 v¬irky eX i\Ls ¬usg dk uk
e izse4 ¬o¬F gks xS izse dk uke ¬usg4 ?j yk,I vkS izse dk uke ¬usg4 dksB j
ksx u jgk6 uhjksx tc gks xS4 vc flGZ nsus eX etk g,4 vk,j nsus eX viwoZ etk
g,4 ekaxus eX fH[eaxkiu g,6 etk gks d,ls ldrk g,` dk,u vkuan dks miyç/ gks
ldrk g, fH[kjh gksdj` tc Hh rqeus ekaxk g,] rHh rqeus Hhrj ik;k gksxk fd
rqe nhu gks xS4 tc Hh gkF G,ykS] rHh nhurk vk x;h4 vk,j nhurk eX dks
B d,ls [q' gks ldrk g,` pkgs dksB ghjk fey tkS rqégX] nhurk ds }kjk ekaxd
j] ghjs dh mruh [q'h ugC gksxh] ftruh rqe Hhrj ikvksxs fd nhurk dk nqA[
G,y x;k4 NksIk gksuk i\Lk] fH{kik_ ysuk i\Lk] gkF G,ykus i\Ls4 gkF G,ykus eX
lq[ ugC gks ldrk4 ek,t rks rc ?Irh g,] tc rqe ns ikrs gks4 vk,j tc rqe
Ssls ns ikrs gks fd /ü;okn Hh ugC ekaxrs4 vk,j ekaxuk rks nwj] rqe Qdrs Hh u
gC bl ckr ds fyS Hh fd nwljk /ü;okn Hh ns4 bruk gh ugC] myIs rqe /ü;
okn nsrs gks4
ns[rs gT] Vgnq¬rku eX Sd fjokt g,2 vxj ck,0 fH{q dks Hkstu ds fyS cqyk;k
tkrk Fk ;k czk‰< dks vxj Hkstu ds fyS cqyk;k tkrk Fk] rks igys mls Hks
tu f[ykrs] mls dqN nku nsrs] vk,j nku ds ckn nf{<k nsrs4 nku dk eryc gq
vk A tks gekjs ikl g,] nsus eX geX etk vk jgk g,4 vk,j nf{<k dk vFZ gksrk g,
fd vkius ¬ohdkj fd;k g,] budkj ugC fd;k] mldk /ü;okn nf{<k ls nsrs gT
4 igys nku] fGj nf{<k4 nf{<k dk eryc gksrk g, fd vkidh c\Lh Îik fd
vkius ¬ohdkj dj fy;k4 vxj vki budkj dj nsrs rks ~ ~ ~` vki dg nsrs fd
ugC3rks` ~ ~ ~rks nku eX rks fn;k vk,j nf{<k eX 8rqeus fy;k]9 bldk /ü;ok
n g,4 ;g c\Lh viwoZ ckr g,4 ftlus fy;k g,] mlls /ü;okn dh vis{k ugC g,4 f
tlus fn;k g,] ogh /ü;okn ns jgk g,4 ¬usg dk ;gh vFZ gksrk g,4
8lhy dh vo/] lusg dk tudqij49
v;ks÷;k pkfgS rks 'hy dks tüekvks4 vk,j tudiqj cuuk g,] ftleX lhrk dk t
üe gks lds] rks ¬usg dks tüekvks4 jke dk tüe gksxk vxj 'hy gks4 lhrk dk
tüe gksxk vxj ¬usg gks4

vtgw psr xaokj
jke vk,j lhrk dh dFk eX rqeus Sd ckr ns[h` jke vius 'hy ds fyS lc
[ksus dks r,;kj gT6 lhrk dks Hh [ksus ds fyS r,;kj gT4 vk,j lhrk vius ¬usg ds
dkj< lc nsus dks r,;kj g,6 vius dks Hh nsus dks r,;kj g,4 \tjk Hh uk7uqp ugC
g,4 lhrk ds eu eX \tjk Hh f'dk;r ugC g, fd jke us mls taxy eX GXd fn;k
g,4 taxy eX Hh c,Odj jke dk gh ¬ej< djrh g,4 taxy eX c,Os Hh jke ds gh
¬ej< eX Lwch g,4 lhrk g, ¬usg6 jke g, 'hy4 blfyS jke dks e;kZnk iqQ"ksRe
dgk g,4 tks iqQ" ds Hhrj mRe ls mRe i,nk gks ldrk g,] og jke ds Hhrj
i,nk gqvk g,] blfyS iqQ"ksRe dgk4
ysfdu lhrk ij mruk fopkj ugC gqvk g,] ftruk jke ij fopkj gqvk4 iyIw us
Ohd fd;k] nksukX dks Sd gh opu eX ;kn fd;k4 vk,j ÷;ku j[uk] 'hy dk c
gqr ew¥; g,] ysfdu ¬usg ls †;knk ugC4 ¬usg dk ew¥; †;knk g, D;kXfd 'hy fGj
Hh Sd ø;o¬Fk g,4 ¬usg Sd c\Lh vkarfjd ∂kafr g,4 iqQ" ds fyS vklku g, 'h
y eX Lwc tkuk4 ¬_h ds fyS vklku g, ¬usg eX Lwc tkuk4 ¬_h;kX us ftruk ¬usg
txr. dks fn;k g, mruk iqQ"kX us dHh ugC fn;k g, iqQ" dHh ugC ns ikS6 og
mudh {erk ugC g,4 iqQ"kX us 'hy fn;k g, txr. dks6 o,lk f¬_;ka ugC ns ik;C4
og mudh {erk ugC g,4 vk,j ftl ø;fDr eX 'hy vk,j ¬usg nksukX dk feyu g
ks tkS] ogka lksus eX lqxa/ vk tkrh g,6 ogka jke vk,j lhrk nksukX vk xS4
rqeus [;ky fd;k] geus lnk gh tc Hh ;kn fd;k vius l®iqQ"kX dks] rks geus
f¬_;kX dks igys j[k2 ge dgrs gT A lhrk7jke4 ge dgrs gT A jk/k7Î‘<4 ¬_h
dks igys j[k4 D;kXfd ¬_,< Ôn; dk tks ew¥; g,] ¬usg dk tks ew¥; g,] og 'h
y ls †;knk g,4 'hy eX rks dqN u dqN lksp7fopkj pyrk g,6 ¬usg eX dksB lksp
7fopkj ugC4 'hy eX rks ef¬r‘d dqN dke djrk g,4 ¬usg eX flGZ Ôn; gh /\L
drk g,4 ¬usg gk√nd g,4
8lhy dh vo/] lusg dk tudiqj]
lR dh tkudh ç;kg dhrk49
vk,j vxj ç;kg djus dh gh m®lqdrk gks] vxj bl txr. eX dgC Hkaoj gh Lk
yuh gks] rks fGj l®; ds lkF Hkaoj Lkyuk4 vk,j lc Hkaojs dke ugC i\LrC4
vk,j lc HkaojX dkjkx1g eX ys tkrh gT4 vk,j lc HkaojX rqégX d,nh cukrh gT] xqyk
e cukrh gT4 dsoy l®; gh eqDr djrk g,4
thll dk izfl0 opu g, A l®; eqDr djrk g,4 I. QF fyczsIl.4 vk,j dqN Hh eq
Dr ugC djrk4 vxj ca/uk gh gks rks mlls ca/uk tks eqDr djs4 ;g gqvk bl
lw_ dk vFZ4 mlls er ca/ tkuk] tks vk,j cka/ ys4 o,ls gh rqe ca/s gks] Sslh p
ht ls er ca/ tkuk tks rqégX vk,j cka/ ys4 o,ls gh dkGh ca/s Fs6 vc vk,j ca/u
dh tWjr ugC g,4 vc rks dqN Sslh pht dk lkF id\Luk] tks rqégX eqDr djs4

vtgw psr xaokj
blfyS xqQ dks ge ln.xqQ dgrs gT4 ln.xqQ dk vFZ gksrk g, A lr.xqQ4 ftlds Hh
rj l®; fojkteku gqvk g,4 vk,j mlds ek÷;e ls rqe eqDr gks ldksxs4
8lR dh tkudh ç;kg dhrk
euVg nqygk cus vki j?qukFth49
vk,j vxj nw¥gk gh cuuk gks rks Hhrj tks fNik gqvk 8vki9 g,] og tks vk®ek
g,] mldks gh cuk ysuk4 l®; dh tkudh ls fookg dj ysuk] nw¥gk viuh vk®ek
dks cuk ysuk4
8euVg nqygk cus vki j?qukFth]
Kku dk eksj7eqdqI cka/ ysuk4 nwygs ds flj ij eksj cka/rs gT3og Kku dk gks6
og ÷;ku dk gks6 og cks/ dk gks] tkx1fr dk gks4
8izse ckjkr tc pyh g, meafxd,49
vk,j tc ;g viwoZ vfH;ku 'qW gks] ;g izse dh ckjkr fudys] rks meax ls fud
ys4 ;g mnkl7mnkl u gks4 ckjkr vk,j mnkl7mnkl2 ysfdu rqe vius rFkdfF
r lk/q7laü;kfl;kX dks ns[ks6 os Ssls yxrs gT t,ls fdlh ds ejus eX lféefyr gqS
gkX4 ekreh2 t,ls fdlh dks ej?I Hstus dks tk jgs gkX4 cjkrh rks ugC yxrs4 v
k,j izHq ds lkF vxj tq\Luk gks rks cjkrh t,lh meax pkfgS4 ukprs] xkrs] vkuan
vgksHko ls2 jksrs7jksrs ugC4 vxj jksvks Hh rks rqégkjs vkalw vkuan ds gkX] mnklh
ds ugC4 rqégkjs i,jkX eX u1®; gks4 rqégkjs thou eX meax gks] m®lkg gks] MtkZ gks
4 Sslh cjkr cukuk4
8izse ckjkr tc pyh g, meafxd,
fNek fcNk; tuokal nhrk49
vk,j vxj dgC Ogjkuk gks bl izse dh ckjkr dks3rks {ek eX4 bldk dgC tuo
kl rks djuk gh i\Lsxk3rks {ek eX4
mnklh u gks] mnklhurk u gks] mis{k u gks3;g HfDr dk lkjlw_ g,4 mnkl vk
neh ijek®ek ls IwI tkrk g,4 mnklh ls d,ls tq\Lksxs` rqeus ns[k] tc dksB vkn
eh mnkl gksrk g, rks mlls laokn djuk rd eqfædy gks tkrk g,2 vxj mnkl
vkneh ds ikl rqe tkvks rks rqe ikvksxs mlds pkjkX rjG Sd nhoky g,] ftlds
Hhrj izos' djuk dfOu g,4 mnkl vkneh vius eX can gks tkrk g,4 mnkl ladks

vtgw psr xaokj
p ykrk g,4 izGqf¥yr vkneh [qy tkrk g,6 t,ls dyh f[y x;h6 t,ls cht GwI
i\Lk] vadqj fudy vk;k4 izlU vkneh ls laca/ cukuk c\Lk ljy gksrk g,] c\Lk
ljy gksrk g,2 tks vkneh eq¬djk jgk g,] mlls nks¬rh cukuh c\Lh vklku gksrh
g,] mlls laokn djuk cgqr vklku gksrk g,4 yacs psgjs] mnkl psgjs] xaHhj psgjs
3muds lkF laca/ cukuk dfOu gks tkrk g,6 muls lsrq ugC curk4 tc ;g lk/
kj< gkyr g,] rks rqe ml gkyr dks rks lkspks] tc rqe ijek®ek ls feyus pys
4 mnkl psgjs ysdj tkvksxs] feyu ugC gks ldsxk4 rqégkjk mnkl psgjk gh ck/k
cu tkSxk4 ukprs gqS tkvks4 tks Hh x;k g,] ukprk gqvk x;k g,4 dHh7dHh
ukp izdI gksrk g,] dHh7dHh vizdI gksrk g,3;g ckr nwljh g,4 cq0 Hh ukprs
gqS xS gT4 gka] ;g ckr lp g, fd ehjka t,ls izdI ugC ukp jgs gT6 mudk u1®
; cgqr vkarfjd g,4 'jhj fFj g,6 Hhrj ÷;ku ukp jgk g,4 vkarfjd g, u1®;4
ehjka varj7ckgj nksukX eX ukp jgh g,4 vk,j varj7ckgj nksukX eX ukp ldks rks f
Gj datwlh D;k djuh6 nksukX eX gh ukpuk4 vxj v\Lpu gh gks ckgj ukpus dh]
rks vanj rks ukpuk gh4 ysfdu rqégkjs dX– ij rks u1®; dh ?Iuk ?Iuh pkfgS4
8izse ckjkr tc pyh g, meafxd,]
fNek fcNk; tuokal nhrk49
rqégkjs Hhrj izse dk vkuan mexrk jgs vk,j rqégkjs pkjkX rjG {ek dh cjlk
gksrh jgs4 rqégkjs Hhrj ls dHh Hh ∂ks/ u mOs4 os tks rqégkjs uqdlku djusokys
gT] tks rqégkjs '_q gT] muds izfr Hh izse dk Hko gh mOs3rks {ek4
8Hwi vgadkj ds eku dks e√nd,49
vk,j Sd vgadkj g,] ftlds eku dk enZu dj nsuk g,4 Sd vgadkj g,] tks rqégk
js vk,j ijek®ek ds chp inkZ cuk gqvk g,4 gj izes eX vgadkj dk inkZ gh Qdko
I Lkyrk g,4
8Hwi vgadkj ds eku dks e√nd,]
Fhjrk /uq" dks tk; thrk49
Fhjrk2 fFjrk vdai p,rü; dh n'k2 ftldks Î‘< us f¬Ffr7izK dgk g,4 tc p,
rü; fc¥dqy fFFj gks tkrk g,] dksB daiu ugC mOrs4 daiu dk vFZ gksrk g,A eka
x] okluk] bπNk4 daiu dk vFZ gksrk g, A nk,\L4 daiu dk vFZ gksrk g, A vlarks"
4 t,lk gwa o,lk dkGh ugC6 dqN vk,j pkfgS3/u pkfgS] in pkfgS] izfr‘Ok pkf
gS4 daiu dk vFZ gksrk g, A dksB Hh eq>s Lqyk tkrk g,4 dksB vkneh ¬rqfr dj
x;k vk,j rqe Sdne Gwydj dqîik gks xS4

vtgw psr xaokj
eTus lquk g,] Sd jktusrk taxy eX HId x;k4 euq‘;kX dks [k tkusokys vkne[ksj
kX us mls id\L fy;k4 os mls id\Ldj vius iz/ku ds ikl ys xS4 iz/ku us r®{
< yksxkX ls dgk A mldh tathjX Nks\Lks] mls c\Ls vπNs vklu ij fcOk;k vk,j ml
dh c\Lh iz'alk dh4 mlds vuq;k;h rks c\Ls g,jku gqS4 vü; vkne[ksjkX us dgkA
vki ;g D;k dj jgs gT` ge Hw[s gT vk,j dB fnu ls vkneh [kus dks ugC fey
k vk,j fcOkdj bldh iz'alk dj jgs gT4 t¥nh bldk [krek fd;k tkS vk,j Hks
tu r,;kj fd;k tkS4
mlus dgk A \tjk Ogjks4 eT jktusrkvkX dks tkurk gwa4 Sd ckj x<ra_ m®lo eX
Hkx ysus eT fn¥yh x;k Fk4 eT jktusrkvkX dks tkurk gwa4 rqe \tjk Ogjks4
mügkXus dgk A ge le>s ugC] ckr D;k g,`
mlus dgk fd ckr ;g g, fd igys bldh ¬rqfr djus nks] ;g Gwy dj dqîik gks
tkSxk4 tc ;g dqîik gks tkSxk rks †;knk yksxkX ds isI HjXxs4 igys bls Gqykus
nks4 rqe tkurs ugC jktusrk dks4 vHh [kvksxs rks ;g nqcyk7iryk g, lw[k7lk
[k] fdlh eryc dk ugC4 \tjk igys Gwy tkus nks4 igys bleX [wc gok Hjus
nks4 fGj blds ckn [kuk4 rks lc dk isI Hjsxk4 Hw[s gks lc] eq>s ekywe g,4
dksB rqégkjh ¬rqfr dj tkrk g,] rqe Gwyus yxrs gks4 vk,j dksB rqégkjh Vunk dj
tkrk g,3vk,j iaDpj dj x;k vk,j Sdne gok fudy tkrh g,4 Sslh NksIh7NksIh
ckrX] exj rqégX vkanksfyr djrh gT rks rqe dHh ijek®ek dks miyç/ u gks l
dksxs4 mls ikus ds fyS rks rqégkjs Hhrj Sd Sslh ije 'kafr pkfgS] ftldks dks
B pht [afLr u djrh gks3u ¬rqfr] u Vunk6 u lGyrk] u vlGyrk6 u tho
u] u e1®;q4 dqN fey tkS rks Ohd6 dqN [ks tkS rks Ohd4 ftlds Hhrj dk Oh
d7iu dHh u‘I gh u gksrk gks4 ftlds Hhrj dk Ohd7iu cuk gh jgrk gks4 b
ldks t,ukX us 8lé;d.®o9 dgk g,4 Ohd 'çn mi;ksx fd;k g,4 lé;d.®o dk vFZ g
ksrk g, A Ohd7iu4 Ohd7Ohd tks cuk gh jgrk g, Hhrj4 ftlds Hhrj ds Ohd7i
u eX \tjk Hh Hsn ugC i\Lrk4 tks /hj g,] fFj g,] vdai g,4
8Fhjrk7/uq" dks tk; thrk49
;g iwjh jkedFk vk x;h4 vk,j c\Ls î;kjs Pax ls vk x;h4 ;g lkj vk x;k4 's"
jkedFk rks blh lkj ds vk/kj ij cuh gqB dgkuh g,4 ;g fupks\L g,4 ;g b_
g, gtkjkX GwykX dk4 jke dh dFk rks c\Lk cxhpk g,6 mleX cgqr Gwy gT4 iyIwn
kl us lc dks fupks\L fy;k4 vk,j Fks\Lk7lk b_ dh Sd cksry eX can dj fn;k4
;s cgqew¥; gT ckrX4
bu lc dk lkj gqvk] nks ckr [;ky j[uk A rqégkjs Hhrj 'hy dh v;ks÷;k gks
rks jke dk tüe gksxk4 jke dks fdrus yksx [kstrs gT vk,j ugC [kst ikrs4 D;kX
ugC [kst ikrs` v;ks÷;k rks rqe cukrs gh ugC3vk,j jke dks [kstus fudy i\Ls
2 v;ks÷;k gks] rks gh jke vkrs gT4 v;ks÷;k eX gh tuers gT4 rks v;ks÷;k fu√er

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dqN Hh u gksxk4 ;ks≈;rk rks v√tr djks4 ik_ rks fu√er djks4 ve1r cjlsxk] f
ufæpr cjlsxk4 tc Hh dksB ik_ fu√er gks x;k g,] ve1r cjlk gh g,] fujiok
n Wi ls cjlk g,4 ysfdu ik_rk rks fu√er djks4 v;ks÷;k rks cuks6 jke rks r,;k
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dc os izos' dj tkSa4
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eku dks cqykrs gks] Ogjkus dh txg gh ugC g,4 [qn jk¬rs ij c,Os gks4 esgeku d
ks cqyk jgs gks4 vk,j NksIs7eksIs esgeku dks Hh ugC cqykrs] jke dks cqykrs gks4 ig
ys dqN ik_rk rks cukvks4 cqykus ds igys r,;kjh rks dj yks4 vfrfF rks vkSxk
3vkfrFs; rks cu tkvks4 esgeku vkS] mlds igys estcku dks rks r,;kj dj y
ks4 ?j esgeku vk tkS] njh Hh fcNkus dks ugC ikvksxs4 rc c\Lh HY gksxh] c\L
h Gthgr gksxh4 rqégX Gthgr ls cpkus ds fyS jke rqégkjh lqu dj vkrs ugC4
v;ks÷;k cuks4 jke dk tüe gksxk4 jke dk gh tüe gks] rks ;g v/wjh ckr g,4
lhrk dk Hh tüe lkF7lkF gksuk pkfgS4 vxj jke dk gh tüe gks] rks rqe vk
/s gh euq‘; gksvksxs3iqQ" ek_4 vk,j rqégkjs Hhrj] og lc tks ¬_,< g,3vk,j tks
¬_,< g,] cgqew¥; g,3mldk vHko jgsxk4 tks ije iqQ" g,] og ¬_h eX Hh tks
Js‘O g,] vius eX lekfgr dj ysrk g,6 vk,j iqQ" eX tks Js‘O g,] mls lekfgr d
j ysrk g,4 tks ije ¬_h g,] mleX Hh nksukX lekfgr gks tkrs gT4 ije rks leüo;
g,4 ije rks vkf[jh leüo; g,4 ogka lHh ¬oj Sd laxhr cu tkrs gT4 tks vkf
[jh n'k g, lekf/¬F dh] ogka u dksB iqQ" gksrk g, u ¬_h gksrk4 ogka u dksB
jke gksrk] u ogka dksB lhrk gksrk4 ogka rks lhrk7jke] ogka rks nksukX dk lfée
J< gks tkrk g,] esy gks tkrk g,4 ogka rks xaxk7;equk dk feyu gks tkrk g,4 v
k,j ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g,4 ogka vxj nks dk gh feyu gksrk rks Ohd Fk] ogka
rhu ufn;kX dk feyu gksrk g,6 ogka laxe curk g,4
;g ckr lkspus t,lh g,4 gekjh dFkSa dgrh gT fd iz;kx g, rhFZjkt6 og rhFk˜
dk rhFZ g,4 ogka rhu ufn;ka feyrh gT3xaxk] ;equk] lj¬orh4 nks fn[kB i\Lrh
gT] Sd fn[k;h ugC i\Lrh4 Sd vn1æ; g,6 nks n1æ; gT4 ;g ik,jkf<d dFk ugC g,
6 ;g rqégkjs Hhrj vkf[jh ?Iuk dh lwpuk g,4 rqégkjs Hhrj nks rks n1æ; ufn;ka
gT3iqQ" vk,j ¬_h4 ;s nksukX ftl fnu feyXxh] ml fnu rhljh ijek®ek dh vn1
æ; unh4 og fn[kB ugC i\Lrh6 og Hh r®{< lféefyr gks tkrh g,4 ftl fnu
rqégkjs Hhrj lhrk7jke dk tüe gks x;k] ml fnu ijek®ek dh unh] ml cz‰
dk Hh vn1æ; Wi rqeeX izos' dj tkrk g,] izokfgr gks tkrk g,4
bls Sslk gh le>ks A u rks iqQ" cπps dks tüe ns ldrk g, vk,j u ¬_h4 tc iqQ
" vk,j ¬_h dk laHksx gksrk g,] rc fdlh {< eX thou izos' djrk g,] og vn1
æ; /kjk g,4 lk/kj< txr. eX Hh jkst ogh ?Irk g,] exj rqe ns[rs ugC4 rqe

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rks vka[ gksrs va/s gks6 dku gksrs cgjs gks4 dksB iqQ" cπps dks tüe ugC ns ldr
k4 dksB ¬_h cπps dks tüe ugC ns ldrh4 ¬_h7iqQ" ds feyu ij dgC vKkr yks
d ls thou izos' djrk g,4 og thou fn[k;h ugC i\Lrk dgka ls vkrk g,] d,ls
vkrk g,6 exj ;s nks feyrs gT vk,j rhljk fey tkrk g,4
t,lk 'jhj ds thou eX ?Irk g,] o,lk gh vafre vk®ek ds thou eX Hh ?Irk g,
4 rqégkjs Hhrj jke vk,j lhrk dk feyu gksrk g, vk,j cz‰ dh /kjk mleX izokf
gr gks tkrh g,4 og ije thou g,4 ogh ?Iuk jkst ?I jgh g, tc Sd cπps d
k tüe gksrk g,4 vxj rqe thou dks vka[X [ksydj ns[us yxks rks fdügC 'k¬_kX
eX tkus dh tWjr ugC g,4 ;gka lkjh ckr fy[h gh i\Lh g,4 osn eX ugC g,] dqjk
u eX ugC g,] ckbfcy eX ugC g,4 ;gka lkjh ckr pkjkX rjG fy[h gh i\Lh g,4 t
hou dh NksIh7NksIh ?IukvkX eX 'k¬_kX dk 'k¬_ fNik g,4
gj cπpk f_os<h g, vk,j gj lekf/¬F ijegal Hh f_os<h g,4 vk,j blfyS ge
;g Hh dgrs gT fd tc dksB ijegal n'k dks miyç/ gks tkrk g, rks mldk nqc
kjk tüe gqvk6 og f}t gqvk6 og fGj ls ckyor gks x;k4 mlus vius dks tüe
ns fn;k4
;g jke vk,j lhrk dh ckr Fks\Lh vk,j Hh le> ysuh tWjh g,4 ifæpe eX 'jhj
'k¬_ ds laca/ eX cgqr [kstX gks jgh gT4 rks os dgrs gT A euq‘; ds eu ds nks fg
¬ls gT4 vk/k fg¬lk iqQ" dk] vk/k fg¬lk ¬_h dk4 iz®;sd ds Hhrj 4 iz®;sd ds
Hhrj Sd eu ugC g,6 iz®;sd ds Hhrj nks eu gT4 Sd ¬_,< eu g,] Sd iqQ" e
u g,4 og tks iqQ" eu g,] rdZ djrk g,] fopkj djrk g,] xf<r djrk g,] foK
ku dh [kst djrk g,] fookn djrk g,3vk∂ked g,4 og tks ¬_,< eu g,] izse d
jrk g,] vuqHo djrk g,6 xhr mleX i,nk gksrs gT] rdZ ugC6 Hko dh meaxX mOr
h gT] fopkj ugC] ukp mlls vkrk g,] xf<r ugC6 dkø; mlls i,nk gksrk g,] fo
Kku ugC4 vk,j tc bu nksukX eukX dk esy gks tkrk g,] tc ;s nksukX eu Sd7nwl
js eX ;qx7u0 gks tkrs gT] tc ;s nksukX eu Sd7nwljs eX ?qyfey tkrs gT] Sd gks
tkrs gT3rc tks i,nk gksrk g, ogh /eZ g,4
rhu 'k¬_ gT txr. eX3foKku] dyk vk,j /eZ6 lkbΩl] vkIZ] fjyhtu4 foKku iqQ
" dh [kst g,4 dkø; ¬_h dh [kst g,4 /eZ nksukX ds feyu ls ?fIr gksrk g,4 ex
j tc nks feyrs gT] rks rhljk Hh vk feyrk g,6 og vn1æ; g,4 og pqipki vk
tkrk g,4 og dc vk tkrk g, nks ds feyu ij] irk Hh ugC pyrk4 b/j nks f
eys fd rqe vpkud rhljs dks ek,twn ikrs gks4 tgka nks gT] ogka rhljk Hh g,4 b
ftîr dh Sd cgqr iqjkuh fdrkc g,] tks dgrh g, A tgka nks gT ogka rhljk Hh
g,4 vk,j nks xk,< gks tkrs gT] tgka rhljk g,6 D;kXfd rhljk ije g,6 og vk®;afr
d g,4
rqégkjs Hhrj ef¬r‘d vk,j Ôn; dk esy gksuk pkfgS4 ef¬r‘d3iqQ"6 Ôn;3¬_
h4 rqégkjs Hhrj vuqHwfr vk,j fopkj dk esy gksuk pkfgS4 rdZ vk,j Hko dk es

vtgw psr xaokj
y gksuk pkfgS4 rqégkjs Hhrj budk fookn pyrk jgs rks ruko gksxk4 rqe nks
[aLkX eX caIs jgksxs4 vk,j tc rd rqe nks [aLkX eX caIs jgksxs] rc rd rqégkjs Hhr
j Sd rjg dh dyg pyrh jgsxh] p,u ugC gksxh4
yksx brus csp,u D;kX gT` muds Hhrj nks rjG ;k_k py jgh g,3vk/s ifæpe t
k jgs gT6 vk/s iwjc tk jgs gT6 Sd fg¬lk b/j tk jgk g,] nwljk fg¬lk m/j tk
jgk g,4 rqe jkst vuqHo djrs gks fd dqN Hh fu<Z; djus tkvks] vk/k eu d
grk g, dj yks] vk/k dgrk g, er djks4 NksIk fu<Z; gks fd c\Lk] blls dksB G
dZ ugC i\Lrk4 dk,u7lh fG¥e ns[us tkSa vkt` vk/k eu dgrk g, bl Ikdht
pys tkvks] vk/k eu dgrk g, ml IkŒdht pys tkvks4 {q–7lh ckrkX eX ~ ~ ~ dk,
u7lh lk\Lh igudj vkt fudyuk g,4 f¬_;kX dks bruh nsj D;kX yx tkrh g, lk\
Lh ds HaLkj ds lkeus [\Ls gqS` ifrnso gkuZ ctk jgs gT vk,j ¬_h viuh lkf\L;ka
fugkj jgh g,4 le> gh ugC i\Lrk dk,u7lh igus2 Sd fudkyrh g,] nwljh fud
kyrh g,6 og Hh ugC taprh4 Sd vk/h igudj mrkj Lkyrh g,4
eu lnk }a} eX g,3;g dWa] og dWa2 ;g7og dk }a} g, A D;kXfd rqégkjs Hhrj
nks gT vk,j nksukX cksy jgs gT vk,j dgrs gT esjh lquks4 vk,j rqe fdlh dh Hh lquks]
nqA[ gksxk4 D;kXfd nwljk iNrkSxk vk,j nwljk dgsxk A eTus igys dgk Fk4 vk/s
gh [q' gksvksxs6 rqe dHh iwjs [q' ugC gks ikrs4 /u fey tkS rks vk/s [q' g
ksrs gks] iwjs ugC4 D;kXfd vk/k fg¬lk tks /u feyus ds dkj< vr1îr jg x;k] o
g dgrk g,A 8D;k feyk` D;k j[k g,`9 og vk/k fg¬lk dgrk Fk A izse [kstks]
/u eX D;k j[k g,` vxj izse fey tkS rks og tks vk/k fg¬lk dgrk Fk /u
[kstks] og dgrk g,A 8D;k j[k g,` rks fey x;h ;g ¬_h] vc` vc D;k djks
xs` [kvksxs7fivksxs D;k` edku dgka g,` blls rks vπNk Fk /u dek ysrs] rks
etk7ek,t ls jgrs49
rqe tks Hh djksxs iNrkvksxs6 D;kXfd rqégkjk vk/k fg¬lk gh mls djokSxk vk,j
vk/k mlds fojks/ eX [\Lk g,4 blfyS rqégkjk nqA[ rks fufæpr gh g,4 ;g djks
] og djks3nqA[ rks fufæpr gh g,4
d,ls lq[ gksxk` lq[ gksxk A rqégkjs Hhrj Sd lejlrk vkS4 rqégkjs ;s nks foi
jhr y\Lusokys [aL] rqégkjs Hhrj ;s dk,jo vk,j ikaLo y\LX uk4 budh Hhrj nks¬
rh cu tkS4 ;s lkF7lkF gks tkSa4 ;g egkHkjr can gks4
le¬r ÷;ku dh izf∂;kSa] le¬r HfDr dh izf∂;kSa varrA rqégkjs Hhrj bl f¬F
fr dks i,nk djokrh gT3Sd le¬ojrk] Sd y;c0rk3tgka foijhr [ks tkrs gT6
tgka fojks/ foyhu gks tkrk g,6 tgka rqe Sd gh gks tkrs gks] nks ugC jgrs4 ;
gh rks lkjh v},r dh f'{k g, A tgka rqe Sd gh gks tkrs gks] nks ugC jgrs4 t
c rd nks gks] rc rd v\Lpu g,4 blfyS HDr dh tks vk®;afrd ifj<fr g,] o
g Hxoku ls Sd gks tkuk g, ;k Hxoku dks vius eX Sd dj ysuk g,3;k rks H

vtgw psr xaokj
xoku eX Lwc tkuk g, ;k Hxoku dks vius eX Lqck ysuk g,4 exj Sd gh cps4 izs
exyh vfr lkadjh] rkeX nks u lek;4
eTus lquk g,] egkjk‘I≠ eX Sd c\Ls lar gqS3Kkunso4 os xqQ xksj[ukF dh ijaijk
ds lar Fs4 larkX dh ijaijk pyrh g,4 ijaijk ls gh vlyh ckr pyrh g,4 tks ck
r fy[ nh tkrh g,] mldk vlyh vFZ [ks tkrk g,4 ijaijk dk vFZ gksrk g, A
dku ls dku rd] dku dku ls pyrh g,4 ijaijk dk vFZ gksrk g, A ftlus tkuk
mlus mldks tuk;k ftls vHh Kkr ugC Fk4 tc mlus tku fy;k6 mlus fGj f
dlh vk,j dks tuk;k4 lwGh blh dks flyflyk dgrs gT4 nqfu;k eX flyflys py
rs gT] ijaijkSa pyrh gT4 Sd xqQ ls fdlh f'‘; dks miyç/ gksrk g,4 fGj ogh
f'‘; ml xqQ dh laink dk ekfyd gks x;k4 cq0 dks feyk] rks egkdkæ; dks fn
;k4 fGj egkdkæ; ls r,jrs7r,jrs mrjrs7mrjrs cksf//eZ dks feyk4 fGj cksf//
eZ phu pyk x;k vk,j phu eX Sd u;h ijaijk 'qW gks x;h] Sd u;k flyflyk
'qW gks x;k4 eqgéen dks feyk] fGj eqgéen ls vk,j GdhjkX dks feyk3feyrs7f
eyrs Sd flyflyk 'qW gqvk4
fdlh Sd dks] izFe tks gksrk g,] ijek®ek ls feyrk g,4 og Hh flyflyk g,4
dksB Sd vius dks Sslk le√ir dj nsrk g, fd mlds Hhrj ijek®ek dks lh/k
gh cksyuk i\Lrk g,] e÷;¬F dh tWjr ugC gksrh4 ftl ø;fDr ds Hhrj ijek®e
k lh/k cksyrk g,] mlh ø;fDr ls /eZ dh 'qQvkr gksrh g,] flyflyk gksrk g,4 f
tudks ge i,xacj dgrs gT] rhFΩdj dgrs gT] vorkj dgrs gT] os Ssls gh iqQ" gT
3ftügkXus fdlh euq‘; ls ugC lh[k6 ftuds Hhrj ijek®ek lh/k cksyk6 ftudk
xqQ ijek®ek gh Fk4 cq0 ls ijek®ek lh/k cksyk4 egkohj ls ijek®ek lh/k
cksyk4 eqgéen ls ijek®ek lh/k cksyk ;k ∂kb¬I ls ijek®ek lh/k cksyk] ;k
ukud ls] dchj ls3lh/k cksyk4 fGj Sd flyflyk 'qW gqvk4 fGj tks ijek®ek
ls lh/k laca/ ugC tks\L ikrs] os dchj ls tks\L ldrs gT] ukud ls tks\L ldrs
gT4 buds Hhrj Hh ogh ckr vk tkSxh4 Sd nGk tq\L x;k laca/] rks ;s ijek®
ek ls tq\L xS4 ysfdu bügX tWjr i\Lh Sd e÷;¬F dh4
nqfu;k eX cgqr Fks\Ls yksx gT] tks fcuk e÷;¬F ds ijek®ek dks tku ikSaxs4 D;kXf
d mlds fyS bruk leiZ< pkfgS] ftruk leiZ< lk/kj< vkneh ls tqIkus dh
vis{k ugC dh tk ldrh4
Kkunso xqQ xksj[ukF dh ijaijk ds vax Fs4 os vius dqN HDrkX dks ysdj] Fks\Ls7
ls HDrkX dks ysdj3mügC dks ysdj tks igqap xS Fs] tks fl0 gks xS Fs3Hkjr
dh ;k_k ij fudys4 egkjk‘I≠ eX nwljs izfl0 lar gqS3 ukenso4 ukenso rc rd
lar ugC Fs4 mügkXus Hh Kkunso ls izkFZuk dhA eq>s Hh ys pyX4 Kkunso us dgk f
d rw vHh dπpk g,4 ;g ckr ukenso dks cgqr v[jh3dπpk2 HfDrHko mudk
c\Lk Fk4 fcOksck ds eafnj eX fnu7jkr yxs jgrs Fs A 8fcOksck2 fcOksck2 fcOksck29
pk,chl ?aIs ¬ej< pykrs Fs] vk,j Kkunso us dg fn;k A dπpk2 mügkXus dgk A

vtgw psr xaokj
D;k dπpkiu g,` Kkunso us dgkA ;gh fd rw vHh Hh ;g fcOksck fcOksck fcOksc
k yxkS j[rk g,4 vHh nks gT] blfyS dπpk4 tc Sd jg tkSxk] rc iDdk4
vHh rsjk ?\Lk vkx eX i\Lk ugC] vHh idk ugC4 ;g D;k epk j[k g, fcOksck7f
cOksck2
Hxoku dh ;kn tc rd djuh i\Lrh g,] rc rd nwjh g,4 tc rd Hxoku fn[
k;h i\Lrk g, vyx] rc rd ckr vHh ?Ih ugC4 ftl fnu Hxoku Hhrj gh fo
jkteku gks tkrk g,] ftl fnu HDr vk,j Hxoku eX dksB Hsn ugC jg tkrk] f
tl fnu HDr gh Hxoku gks tkrk g,3ml fnu iDdk4
Kkunso us dgk A eT 8iDdkX9 dks ys tk jgk gwa] dπps dks eT ugC ys tk ldrk4
exj ukenso cgqr ihNs i\L xS] i,j id\L fyS fd ugC] dπps gh lgh] n;k dj
ks4 lkF gh yxk jgwaxk4 yxrs7yxrs 'k;n eT Hh id tkMa4
cgqr jksS7/ksS rks Kkunso us mügX lkF ys fy;k4 exj pksjh7fNis tc dksB ugC
gksrk rks os c,Odj fcOksck7fcOksck dj ysrs Fs] D;kXfd mudks ;g Hh Lj yxk j
grk Fk fd 8irk ugC] Ssls eX Hxoku NwI u tkS] ;s yksx vthc ls gT2 cl c,O
tkrs gT] c,Os jgrs gT4 u dksB uke7ti] u dksB uke7¬ej<3;s djrs D;k gT`9
Mij7Mij ls og Hh fn[ykrs Fs fd vc eT dqN Sslk ugC4 exj NksIh7lh Sd
ew√r Hh vius Hh ikl fNikdj j[s gqS Fs4 vius di\LkX eX xOjh eX j[h gksxh4
tc lc lks tkrs] jkr eX fudkydj fcOksck dks dgrs fd 8ekG djuk] vc ;g \
tjk l®lax Ssls yksxkX dk fey x;k g,] ;s lc gT fuxqZ< mikld] ;s lxq< dks l
e>rs ugC gT4 ?j pydj rqégkjh [wc iwtk dWaxk4 vHh rks ø;o¬Fk ls dj Hh
ugC ikrk] D;kXfd ;g ckr ;gka tapsxh ugC] ;gka ;g Hk"k gh ugC pyrh bu
yksxkX ds lkF49 rks Sslk Nqik7Nqikdj4
fGj Sd xkao eX Ogjs] ftuds ?j eX Ogjs og Sd dqégkj Fk4 lqcg c,Os Fs /wi
eX] lc c,Os Fs] dqégkj Hh c,Ok Fk4 og dqégkj Hh c\Lk igqapk gqvk fl0 Fk] bl
fyS mlds ?j eX Ogjs Fs Kkunso4 og Hh xqQ xksj[ukF dh ijaijk dk vax Fk4
vKkr Fk4 mlds uke dk dqN irk ugC4 ysfdu ckr tkfgj djokus dks Kkuns
o us dgk fd HkB lqu] rw dqégkj g,] rq>s dπps7iDds ?\LkX dh ij[ g,` mlus d
gk A Vtnxh gks x;h] rks eT dksB dke djrk ugC] dπps7iDds ?\Ls gT ~ ~ ~4 jkr
ds va/sjs eX crk ldrk gwa fd dk,u dπpk ?\Lk g,] dk,u iDdk ?\Lk g,4
rks mügkXus dgk fd ;s gekjs ?\Ls c,Os gT] bueX dk,u dπpk g,] dk,u iDdk g,` o
g vkneh vius ?\Ls ihIus ds fiIus dks mOk yk;k] ftlls ?\Ls ihIs tkrs gT4 vk,j
lc rks c,Os jgs] ukenso cgqr Ljs fd ;g vthc ekeyk g,] D;k ;g ekjsxk fd
D;k djsxk2 mlus yksxkX dh [ksi\Lh ctkuh 'qW dj nh4 lc rks c,Os jgs6 os iDds
gh ?\Ls Fs4 og [ksi\Lh ctkrk jgk] os c,Os jgs4 tc og ukenso dh [ksi\Lh ctk
us yxk rks os [\Ls gks xS4 mügkXus dgk A ;g D;k ikxyiu g,` og rks ∂q0 gks
xS] ukjkt gks xS] >x\Lus dks r,;kj gks xS4 ml dqégkj us dgk A 8vk,j lc r

vtgw psr xaokj
ks ids ?\Ls gT4 Kkunso egkjkt] ;g dπpk g,49 Kkunso us ukenso dks dgk fd 8ns
[] Sd dqégkj Hh igpku ysrk g, fd dk,u dπpk g,4 fudky] rsjk dπpkiu dg
ka fNik;k gqvk g,2 bldh xOjh [ksyks49 xOjh eX fcOksck fudys4 ;g dπpkiu Fk
4 nks dk Hko4 ijek®ek nwtk g,` mldks iqdkjuk g,` mldh ew√r ltkuh g,` m
ldks vkHw"< yxkus gT] Fky ltkus gT] izlkn yxkuk g,] Hksx yxkuk g,` ;s lc
cpdkuh ckrX gT4 cqjh u Hh gkX rks Hh cpdkuh rks gT gh4 Hyh gkX] rks Hh cp
dkuh rks gT gh4 t,ls cπps f[yk,ukX ls [syrs gT] Sslh gh g,4
lkj7lw_ ;kn j[ks A Sd gks tkuk g,4 rks igys vius Hhrj ds }a} dks Sd Nan
cukvks4 fGj Sd Nan ds curs gh izlkn feyrk g, vk,j rqe f_os<h cu tkrs gks4
rqe rks feys Fs nks3xaxk7;equk3lj¬orh vk feyrh g,4
lj¬orh dks Kku dh unh dgk g,4 lj¬orh dks Kku dh nsoh dgk g,4 og Hh Oh
d g,4 t,ls gh ¬_h vk,j iqQ" dk rqégkjs Hhrj feyu gqvk] o,ls gh rqégkjs Hhrj
Kku dk vkfoHkZo gksrk g,6 cksf/ Gyrh g,6 cq0®o m®iU gksrk g,4
8ckégu rks HS tusm dks ifgjh d,]
iyIw dgrs gT ~ ~ ~ vc os \tjk etkd m\Lkrs gT mu lcdh tks }a} eX i\Ls gT] },r
eX i\Ls gT6 ftudks izse dk lkj7lw_ le> eX ugC vk;k4
8ckégu rks HS tusm dks ifgfj d,49
os dgrs gT fd czk‰< gks xS tusM iguus ls] pyks Ohd4 gkykafd dksB tusM
iguus ls czk‰< gks ugC ldrk4 czk‰< rks og tks cz‰ dks tkus4 tusM iguus
ls D;k gksxk` izrhdkX eX i\L tkrs gT yksx4 rqeus ns[k] tusM eX rhu /kxs gksrs gT
] os f_os<h ds izrhd gT4 flGZ izrhd gT4 os tks rhu /kxs gT tusM ds] os izrhd
gT fd nks fey tkSa rks rhljk Hh vk feysxk4 Sslh f_os<h cu tkSxh rks rqe cz
k‰< gks tkvksxs4 exj izrhd dks gh j[s c,Os gT4
;g rks Ssls gh gqvk fd t,ls fdlh us dgk fd ikuh dk izrhd 8Sp7Iw7vks]9 fd
nks ijek<q mn.tu ds vk,j Sd ijek<q vkŒDlhtu dk] buds feyus ls ikuh cu
tkrk g,6 bu rhu ds feyus ls ikuh cu tkrk g,4 vc rqégX yxh g, î;kl] vc rq
e dkxt ij j[s gqS c,Os gks Sp Iw vks] ;k c,Os7c,Os Htu dj jgs gks3 Spº Iw
º vksº] Spº Iwº vksº2 blls î;kl ugC cq>sxh4 vk,j ;g lw_ xyr ugC g,4 lw_
dh rjg Ohd g, vk,j c\Lk vFZiw<Z g,4 exj bldks tius ls î;kl ugC cq>sxh4 î;
kl rks ikuh ls cq>sxh4 cz‰ dks ikus ls cq>sxh4
8ckégu rks HS tusM dks ifgfj d,49

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iyIw dgrs gT fd pyks Ohd] rqe rks tusm dks igudj czk‰< gks xS] exj czk
‰<h ds ckcr D;k [;ky g,` os etkd m\Lkrs gT4
8czk‰uh ds xys dNq ukVg ns[k49
czk‰<h rks ugC igurh tusM4 f¬_;ka rks igu ugC ldrC4 vkneh us bruh †;k
nrh dh g,2 iqQ" us bruk vgadkj fd;k g, lfn;kX ls2 vk,j ftudks ge /k√ed
yksx dgrs gT] mügkXus Hh] o¬rqrA mügkXus gh ~ ~ ~ ¬_h dks eks{ ugC6 ¬_h dks osn
i\Pus dk gd ugC4 ¬_h dh x<uk 'w–kX eX g,4 Sd rks 'w–kX dh gh x<uk xyr6
fGj f¬_;kX dks Hh 'w–kX eX Lky fn;k2 vk,j ¬_h rqégkjk vk/k vax g,4 ftl fnu
rqeus ¬_h dks eqfDr dk mik; ugC Nks\Lk] ml fnu rqe Hh eqDr gksus dk mik;
lekîr dj fyS6 D;kXfd rqégkjs Hhrj dh ¬_h dk D;k gksxk` rqe ftlls i,nk
gqS vdsys iqQ" ls rks i,nk ugC gqS6 vk/k fg¬lk rqégkjs firk ls vk;k] vk/k fg
¬lk rqégkjh eka ls vk;k4 rqégkjs vk/s v<q firk ds gT] vk/s rqégkjh eka ds gT4 rq
égkjs Hhrj ipkl izfr'r ¬_h ek,tnw g,4 dgka tkvksxs` mlls dgka Hkxksxs` fdl
h u fdlh rjg rqégX vius ¬_h vk,j iqQ" nksukX dks eqDr djuk gksxk4
euq‘;7tkfr ds xrZ eX fxjus ds c\Ls ls c\Ls dkj<kX eX ls Sd dkj< ;g g, fd v
k/h euq‘;7tkfr dks rks /eZ dk dksB vf/dkj gh ugC jgk4 ;gwfn;kX eX f¬_;ka fl
ukxkŒx eX ugC tk ldrC6 ;k tkSa Hh rks muds fyS nwj Mij vyx N†tk gksrk
g,] ftl ij inkZ i\Lk gksrk g,] ogka c,Ouk i\Lrk g,4
eTus lquk g,] tc xks¥Lk es;j b\tjk;y eX iz/kuea_h Fh] vk,j bafnjk xka/h Hkjr
eX] bafnjk b\tjk;y x;h4 bafnjk us ns[uk pkgk flukxkŒx] ;gwfn;kX dk eafnj4 r
ks b\tjk;y ds lcls c\Ls eafnj eX mügX ys tk;k x;k4 vk,j lc rks uhps Fs eafnj
eX] ;s nksukX f¬_;ka3iz/kuea_h Hh gkX rks D;k gksrk g, A f¬_;ka ;kuh f¬_;ka6 budks
rks lh/k eafnj eX Hhrj rks ys tk;k ugC tk ldrk3rks Mij Sd N†ts ij i
nkZ Lkydj4 bafnjk tc yk,Ih] fn¥yh eX fdlh us iwNk fd la¬ej< ~ ~ ~ b\tjk;y
eX D;k7D;k ns[k` mügkXus dgk A 8vk,j rks lc Ohd ns[k] Sd ckr vthc ns[h
fd b\tjk;y eX vke turk rks eafnj eX lh/s izkFZuk djrh g,] iz/kuea_h Mij
N†ts ls izkFZuk djrs gT29 mudks irk ugC fd ;g ¬_h dh otg ls N†ts ij fc
Ok;k x;k g,] iz/kuea_h dh otg ls ugC4
t,u dgrs gT A f¬_;kX dk dksB eks{ ugC ¬_h7i;kZ; ls4 ejdj f¬_;kX dks igys iq
Q" gksuk i\Lsxk] fGj eks{ gks ldrk g,4 eks{ flGZ iqQ" dk gks ldrk g,4
;g ckr c\Lh vijk/iw<Z g,4 blfyS iyIw etkd m\Lkrs gT4
8ckégu rks HS tusm ifgfj d,]

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vkf/ lqf–fu jg, ?j, ds chp eX49

rc rks bldk eryc gqvk fd ¬_h rks 'w– gks x;h] D;kXfd 'w– gh ugC igu l
drs gT tusM vk,j ¬_h Hh ugC igu ldrh4
8vk/h lqf–fu jg, ?j, ds chp eX]
dj,] rqe [kgq ;g dk,u ys[k49
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'w– dk fd;k gqvk Hkstu dj jgs gks vk,j czk‰< cus c,Os gks] dqN rks 'eZ [k
vks2
8ls[ dh lqUfr ls eqlyekuh HB49
[ruk gksrk g, eqlyekukX eX] rks 's[ dh rks lqUfr gks tkrh g,6 [ruk gks x;k]
blfyS eqlyeku gks xS4
8ls[ dh lqUfr ls eqlyekuh HB]
ls[kuh dks ukVg rqe dgks ls[k49
os iwNrs gT A ysfdu 's[kuh ds ckcr D;k [;ky g,` bldk [ruk rks gqvk ugC]
;g rks eqlyeku g, ugC4 [rus ds fcuk rks dksB eqlyeku gks ugC ldrk4 [r
uk rks fc¥dqy tWjh g,4
8vk/h Vgnqbu jg, ?j, ds chp eX49
vk,j ;g tks 's[kuh g,] og rks Vgnw gks xB] D;kXfd bldk [ruk dHh gqvk ugC4
8vk/h Vgnqbu jg, ?j, chp eX
iyIw vc nqgqu ds ekW es[k49
iyIw dgrs fd iyIw le>nkj dh ckr rks ;g g, fd nksukX dks lekîr djds Mi
j mOks4 ¬_h7iqQ" ds Hsn7Hko dks feIkdj Mij mOks4 rqégkjs Hhrj nksukX dks le
kîr dj nks4
8iyIw vc nqgqu ds ekW es[k49

vtgw psr xaokj
nksukX dks [®e dj nks vius Hhrj4 u ¬_h jg tkvks] u iqQ" jg tkvks4 tc rqé
gkjs Hhrj u ¬_h cps u iqQ" cps] tc nksukX fey tkSa] rc rhljs dk tüe gks
rk g,4
8rqQd y, eqnkZ dks dcz eX xk\Lrs]
fganw y, vkx ds chp tkj,4
iwjc o, xS gT o, iπNwa dks]
nksM csdwG g, [kd IkjT449
iyIw dgrs gT fd rqdZ eqnkZ dks dcz eX xk\Lrs gT4 ejs7ejkS dks xk\Lks fd tykvks]
D;k GdZ i\Lrk g,` eqn∆ dks xk\Lk rks [kd gks tkSxk6 tykvks rks [kd gks tkS
xkA bu ckrkX ls c\Lh >a>IX [\Lh dj jgs gks4 bu ckrkX ls lksp jgs gks] c\Lk /eZ
dk Hsn gks jgk g,4
8rqQd y, eqnkZ dks dcz eX xk\Lrs]
fganq y, vkx ds chp tkj,4
iwjc o, xS gT oT iπNw dks49
Sd iwoZ dh rjG gkF tks\Ldj ue¬dkj djrk g,3lw;Z7ue¬dkj6 vk,j Sd ifæpe
dh rjG3dkck dh rjG4
8nksM csdwG Ï, [kd IkjT49
dgrs gT iyIw fd nksukX rjG csodwG gT4 nksukX cqf0ghu gT4 ø;FZ dh [kd Ikj jgs
gT2 ø;FZ gh /wy ds lkF my>s gT] iziap eX i\Ls gT4
8os iwtT i®Fj dks dcj o, iwtrs]
HId d, eqS nT lhl ekjT49
;s ew√r rks iwtrs gT3i®Fj dkss6 vk,j eqlyeku ew√r ds f[ykG gT] ysfdu dcj
dks iwtrk g,4 vk,j dcj Hh i®Fj ls cuh g,4 GdZ D;k g,`
8o, iwtT i®Fj dks dcj o, iwtrs]

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HIdd, eqS nT lhl ekjT49
nksukX gh ejs7ejkvkX ds lkeus flj iIdrs gT4
thoar dks iwtks4 thoar pkjkX rjG ek,twn g,4 ijek®ek izfriy pkjkX rjG thoar
Wi ls ek,twn g,4 eqnk˜ dh iwtk djksxs] eqn∆ gks tkvksxs4 t,lh iwtk djksxs] o,ls gh
gks tkvksxs4 ftldh iwtk djksxs] ogh gks tkvksxs4 vxj nqfu;k eX brus eqn∆ py
rs7fGjrs fn[kB i\Lrs gT] rks mldk dkj< ;gh g, fd eqnk˜ dh iwtk djrs7djrs3
4 thoar ds lkF laca/ tks\Lks4
8nkl iyIw dg, lkfgc g, vki eX49
og ijek®ek rqégkjs Hhrj c,Ok g,4
8vkiuh le> fcuq nksm gkjT49
eqlyeku vk,j Vgnw viuh [qn dh le> u gksus ds dkj< gkj xS gT4 viuh le
> pkfgS4 u rks dqjku rqégkjh le> cu ldrk g,] u osn rqégkjh le> cu l
drs gT4 rqégX viuh le> gh pkfgS4 rqe viuh le> dks fu[kjks4 rqe thou ds
vuqHo ls viuh le> dks txkvks4 thou dks [qyh vka[ ls ns[ks4 in∆ gIkvks la
¬dkjkX ds4 }kj [ksyks4 viuh le> dks txkvks4 viuh le> gh dke vkSxh4
8nkl iyIw dg, lkfgc g, vki eX
vkiuh le> fcuq nksm gkjT49
8laru ds chp eX Is\P jgX]
eO ckaf/ lalkj fj>kors gT49
vk,j iafLr7iqjksfgr gT] eq¥yk7ek,yoh gT] larkX ds ikl tkus ls Ljrs gT4 larkX dk
uke mügX ?c\Lkrk g,4 larkX ds ikl Hh ys tkvks rks ogka vd\Ldj [\Ls gks tkrs gT
4 ;gh i®Fj dh ew√r ds lkeus flj >qdk nXxs] dcj ds lkeus lk‘Ikax naLor d
j yXxs6 ysfdu Vtnk lar ds lkeus vd\Ldj [\Ls gks tkSaxs4
8laru ds chp eX Is\P jgX49
ogka rks fc¥dqy [\Ls gks tkSaxs3vfLx2 ogka >qd u ldXxs4
8eO ckaf/ lalkj fj>kors gT49

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eO7eafnj cukSaxs vk,j lalkj dks >wOs izyksHu nXxs4 ¬oxZ ds izyksHu ;k ujd ds
H;4 yksxkX dks GalkSaxs4
8nl7chl f'‘; ijeksf/ fy;k49
vk,j ;g nqfu;k dqN Sslh g, fd ;gka ew\P ls ew\P vkneh Hh nl7chl f'‘; ik l
drk g,4 bleX dqN v\Lpu ugC g,4 ;gka brus Sd ls Sd igqaps gqS ew\P i\Ls gT f
d vxj rqeus r; dj fy;k rks rqégX Hh nl7chl f'‘; fey tkSaxs] bleX dksB
v\Lpu ugC g,4 bleX v\Lpu gh D;k g,2
8nl7chl f'‘; ijeksf/ fy;k49
nl7chl f'‘; ds dku Gwad fnS4
8lc ls og xks\L /jkors gT49
fGj os nl7chl muds i,j nkcus yxs4 fGj nwljkX eX Hh lud p\Prh g,4 ;s chekf
j;ka Nwr dh gksrh gT6 yxus yxrh gT nwljkX eX Hh] fd tc nl7chl i,j nkc jgs
gT rks dqN gksxk4 vkneh bruk canj t,lk g,2
cacB eX eT e1nqyk ds ?j eX esgeku Fk4 nks l†tu eq>s feyus vkS Fs3tks eq>s o
"k˜ ls tkurs gT vk,j ges'k vkrs Fs6 dqN uS ugC Fs6 de ls de nl lky ls fu
jarj eq>s feyus vkrs] tc Hh eT cacB gksrk4 dHh mügkXus Sd i,lk esjs pj<kX eX
ugC j[k Fk4 dksB ckr Hh ugC Fh] dksB tWjr Hh ugC Fh4 ml fnu la;ksxo
'kr Sd uS l†tu eq>s feyus ykS4 ;s nksukX c,Os Fs4 mu uS l†tu us t¥nh
vkdj pj< NqS vk,j lk, QiS dk Sd uksI fudky dj esjs i,j ij j[k4 eT rks
pfdr gqvk4 os tks nks c,Os Fs] tks nl lky ls vkrs Fs] mügkXus Hh t¥nh ls lk,7
lk, ds uksI fudkydj32 eTus dgk fd HkB rqégX D;k gks x;k` bügkXus j[k] ;s u
S4 budks eT yk,Ikus tk jgk Fk] exj ;g rqégX D;k gks x;k`
Nwr dh chekfj;ka yxrh gT4 Sd vkneh [kalus yxs ;gka] vusd dh [kalh pyus
yxsxh4 Sd vkneh pyk ckFWe dh rjG] rqégX Hh vpkud [;ky vkrk g, fd
vjs ~ ~ ~y?q'adk Sdne id\Lrh g,4
vkneh udyph g,4 rqe Sdk/ f'‘; cuk yks6 og Sdk/ nl7chl dks ys vkSxk4
iyIw dgrs gT A
8nl chl f'‘; ijeksf/ fy;k
lc ls og xks\L /jkors gT4

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laru dh ckuh dkfIds] th
tksfj7tksfj ds vki cukors gT449
dqN viuk vuqHo ugC g,] dqN viuk lk{k®dkj ugC g,4 nwljkX dh m/kj ckrs
gT4 mügC dks nksgjkrs gT4 viuh vka[ ugC g,6 osn dk m0j< ns ldrs gT vk,j dqj
ku dh vk;r nksgjk ldrs gT4 ysfdu u osn dk dksB ew¥; g, u dqjku dk dksB
ew¥; g,4 tc rd rqégkjs Hhrj osn dk tüe u gks] tc rd rqégkjh vka[ u [q
ys3rc rd dksB ckr dke dh ugC g,4 rc rd rqe xzkeksGksu ds fjdkLZ gks4 r
c rd rqe nksgjk ldrs gks4 fdruh gh 'q0 Hk"k eX nksgjkvks] rqégkjs nksgjkS
dk ew¥; nks dk,\Lh Hh ugC g,4 vxj rqégX viuk vuqHo gks vk,j la¬Îr Hh u vk
rh gks vk,j vjch Hh u vkrh gks vk,j rqégX Hk"k dk Hh dksB Ohd irk u gks] ø
;kdj< Hh u vkrh gks3rc Hh dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 vxj rqégX vuqHo gqvk r
ks rqégkjh IwIh7GwIh Hk"k eX] rqégkjs rqrykus eX Hh ijek®ek dh >yd gksxh4 ikaf
L®; ls dksB laca/ /eZ dk ugC g,3vuqHo ls g,4
8iyIw dksl pkfj pkfj ds fxnZ eX] th
lksb p∂orñ dgykors gT49
vk,j iyIw dgrs gT A c\Lk etk py jgk g,4 nks7pkj dksl eX nl7chl HDr fey
xS gT] os p∂orñ gks xS2 lkjs lalkj eX t,ls mudk jk†; ¬Fkfir gks x;k2 iy
Iw ;g dg jgs gT fd bu NksIh7NksIh ckrkX eX er my> tkuk vk,j bu NksIs7NksIs
nqdkunkjkX eX er my> tkuk4 vxj fgéer gks rks fdlh ls fookg jpkuk] ftl
dks l®; feyk gks4 vxj fgéer gks rks fdlh vka[okys ds lkF vka[X feykuk4 v
xj fgéer gks rks fdlh fgéeroj ls nks¬rh xkaOuk4 ml nks¬rh dk dksB ifj<ke
gks ldrk g,4 mlls ∂kafr vk ldrh g,4 cq>s nh;kX ds ikl er c,Os jguk3tys nh
S ds ikl tkuk4 ikl tkrs7tkrs fdlh {< tys fnS ls yiI rqe eX Hh yxk ys
xh6 rqégkjk cq>k nh;k Hh ty tkSxk4 tys nhS dk rks dqN Hh u [ksSxk4 tys
nhS dk D;k [ksrk g,` rqe Sd tyrs nhS ls gtkj nhS tyk yks] tyrs nhS
dk dqN ugC [ksrk4 Sslk Fks\Lk gh g, fd gtkj nhS tyk fyS rks tyk gqvk nh;
k vc xjhc gks x;k] D;kXfd gtkj nhS ty xS4 ysfdu gtkj nh;kX dks fdruk
fey x;k] ;g rks lkspks] ;g etk rks ns[ks2 tyrs dk dqN Hh ugC [ksrk] cq>s
dks fdruk fey tkrk g,2
tyrk gqvk nh;k dk,u`3ftlds ikl viuh jks'uh gks4 vk,j gekjh v\Lpu ;gh
g, fd jks'u vkneh dks ge ugC igpku ikrs4 D;kXfd jks'u vkneh viuh Hk"k
cksyrk g, vk,j ge laiznk; dh Hk"k igpkurs gT4 laiznk; dh Hk"k dk eryc g
ksrk g, A vxj rqe Vgnw gks rks esjs lkF rqégkjk laca/ u tq\L ldsxk6 vxj rqe eq

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lyeku gks rks esjs lkF rqégkjk laca/ u tq\L ldsxk4 vxj rqe fgéeroj eqlye
ku gks] rks gh eq> ls laca/ tq\L ldsxk6 fgéeroj Vgnw gks rks gh eq>ls laca/ tq\L
ldsxk4 vxj rqeus ;g lkspk fd eT ;gka osn dks nksgjk jgk gksMaxk vk,j va/s d
h rjg osn eX tks dqN dgk g, lcdks Ohd dgwaxk] rks fGj eq> ls laca/ u tq\L
ldsxk4
eT Vgnw ugC gwa4 eq>s osn ds lkF dqN ysuk7nsuk ugC g,4 vxj dHh eT osn dh fd
lh ckr dks lp Hh dgrk gwa] rks blhfyS fd og eTus vuqHo dh g,4 ckr rks
eT viuh gh lp dgrk gwa4 osn eX Hh fy[h g,] blfyS osn dk Hh m0j< ns ns
rk gwa4 ysfdu osn eX fy[s gksus ds dkj< og lp ugC g,6 esjs vuqHo eX vk;h g,
] blfyS lp g,4 vk,j tks esjs vuqHo eX vk;k g, vk,j osn eX mlds foijhr fy
[k g,] og xyr g,4 eq>s osn ls dqN ysuk7nsuk ugC g,4 vxj osn lgh gksxk rks
esjh dlk,Ih ij lgh gksxk vk,j xyr gksxk rks esjh dlk,Ih ij xyr gksxk4
og tks iafLr g,] og tks lkaiznkf;d o1fR dk vkneh g, A osn lgh gh g,] vk,j d
ksB dlk,Ih ugC g,4 osn eX g,] blfyS lgh g,4
cq0 us dgk g, vius f'‘;kX dks fd rqe rc rd esjh ckr er eku ysuk] tc r
d fd rqégkjs vuqHo eX u vk tkS4 eT yk[ dgwa] lqu ysuk] le> ysuk6 exj e
kuuk er4 ekuuk rks rHh] tc rqégkjs vuqHo eX vk tkS4 vk,j tc rqégkjs vuq
Ho eX vk tkSxh] rHh lp gksxh6 ugC rks >wO jg tkSxh4
esjk l®; esjk l®; g,4 rqe mls nksgjkvksxs] >wO gks tkSxk4 tc rqe Hh mls vuq
Ho eX ys vkvksxs] rHh lp gksxk4 rqégkjs vuqHo eX vkus ds dkj< lp gksxk4 m
/kj vxj l®; Hh ys fy;k rks >wO gks tkrk g,4
ysfdu gekjh fgéer ugC gksrh4 gekjs la¬dkj gT ca/s gqS4 vxj dksB eqlyeku
esjs ikl vkrk g, rks og Hhrj ls vutkus] vpsru eu ls] >kadrk jgrk g, fd
tks eT dg jgk gwa og dqjku ls esy [krk g, ;k ugC4 vxj [krk g, rks Ohd6 v
xj esy ugC [krk g, rks xyr4 dqjku rks xyr gks gh ugC ldrk4 ;gh v\Lpu
g,4 dqjku pk,ng lk, lky iqjkuh fdrkc g,] pk,ng lk, lky iqjkuh Hk"k g,4 fGj
eqgéen Sd Pax ds vkneh Fs] eT nwljs Pax dk vkneh gwa4 esjh vfHø;fDr esjh
g,] mudh vfHø;fDr mudh g,4 vxj rqe eq>s eqgéen ls tkapus pys rks rqégkjk
eq>ls dksB laca/ u cu ikSxk4 vxj rqe eqgéen ds Hh ikl xS gksrs rks eq>
ls rqeus eqgéen dks tkapk gksrk] rks eqgéen ls Hh dksB laca/ ugC cu ldrk F
k4
blfyS eT rqégX ;g Hh vkxkg dj nwa fd esjs pys tkus ds ckn rqe esjs vk/kj
ls fdlh dks er tkapuk] D;kXfd fGj rqégkjk laca/ u cu ikSxk4 rqe tc Hh f
dlh dks tkapus tkvks rks [qys eu ls tkapuk6 dksB vk/kj ysdj er tkuk6 dksB
i{ikr ysdj er tkuk4 lc i{ikr gIkdj 'kar ek,u Hko ls lquuk4 vk,j tks
Hh rqe lquks] t¥nh foæokl dj ysus dh dksB Hh tWjr ugC g,] u vfoæokl

vtgw psr xaokj
djus dh dksB tWjr g,4 nksukX Sd t,ls gT4 dqN yksx lqurs gh ls foæokl dj ys
rs gT vk,j dqN yksx lqurs gh ls vfoæokl dj ysrs gT4 ;s nksukX gh ckrX t¥nckth
dh gT4 u foæokl dh t¥nh djks] u vfoæokl dh4 vuqHo dh Vprk yks4 lkjh
MtkZ vuqHo eX yxkvks4
rqeus esjs ls dksB ckr lquh] vc rqe ij[uk bldks vius vuqHo eX4 vxj vuqH
o dg ns fd Ohd] rks Ohd4 vuqHo dg ns xyr] rks fdlh us Hh dgh gks] fdl
h cq0iqQ" us dgh gks] dksB ew¥; ugC j[rh4 varrA rqégkjk vuqHo gh fu<kZ;d
g,4 varrA rqe gh fu<kZ;d gks4
;g tks izse dk 'k¬_ g, HfDr] ;g ik[aL ds f[ykG cksys] ;g tWjh g,] D;kXfd
ik[aL ds dkj< gh izse [ks x;k g,2 rqégkjh iwtk eafnjkX eX HId x;h g, vk,j e
f¬tnkX eX HId x;h g,4 vk,j rqégkjk cks/ 'k¬_ eX my> x;k g,4 blfyS etcwj
h g, iyIwnkl t,ls larkX dks fd mügX 'k¬_ ds f[ykG cksyuk i\Lrk g,] iafLr ds
f[ykG cksyuk i\Lrk g,] ek,yoh ds f[ykG cksyuk i\Lrk g,] czk‰< vk,j 's[ ds
f[ykG cksyuk i\Lrk g,4 mügX f[ykG cksyus eX dksB jl ugC g,3cksyuk i\Lrk
g, blfyS fd ;s txg gT] tgka rqe my> xS gks4 rqe buls eqDr gks ldks] blf
yS cksyuk i\Lrk g,4 vü;Fk] izse ds 'k¬_ dks dksB f[ykGr ugC g,] dksB fdlh
pht ds [aLu eX jl ugC g,4 izse dk 'k¬_ rks 'q0 vkuan 'k¬_ g,] meax dk
'k¬_ g,4
vkt ek,le eX oks Stkts7elhgkB g,
fny us chekjh7S7fgtjk ls flGk ik;h g,
fny dh /\Ldu ls ge vkgax gT ;wa ek,ts ulhe
t,ls ml 'ks[ dk i,xkes oGk yk;h g,4
ftl ij gljr dnk7S7;kl dk gksrk Fk xqeka
lc oks fny ejdts ln tyokS jkuk;h g,4
vk;h g, eqtnkj vuokjs eljZr ysdj
;s tks xnwΩ is ¬;g e¬r ?Ik Nk;h g,
jDl djrs gT r¬loj eX utkjs D;k D;k

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fny dks D;k D;k gc ls vatqeu vkjk;h g,4

HDr rks dgrk g, A clar Nk;k g,2 mls dgka fookn g,2 HDr rks dgrk g,A clar
Nk;k g,4 fo;ksx dk jksx feI x;k4 vkt ek,le eX oks Stkts elhgkB g,4 vkt
rks okrkoj< ds d<7d< eX t,ls i,xacj ek,twn gqvk g,] ijek®ek dk lans' vk;k
g,4
fny us chekjh7S7fgtjka ls flGk ik;h g,4
fo;ksx dk jksx lekîr gks x;k] feyu dk ¬ok¬ƒ; ?Ik g,4
fny dh /\Ldu ls ge vkgax gT ;wa ek,ts ulhe
vk,j fny /\Ld jgk g, vkuan ls4 gokvkX eX c\Lh m®Gq¥yrk g,4
t,ls ml 'ks[ dk i,xkes oGk yk;h g,4
ml î;kjs dh [cj ysdj gj gok dh ygj vk jgh g,4
ftl i, gljr dnk7S7;kl dk gksrk Fk xqeka
vc oks fny ejdts ln tyokS jkuk;h g,4
tgka lksprs Fs fd dHh Gwy u f[yXxs] ml eQ¬Fy eX vkt Gwy f[ys gT4 tgka
lansg gksus yxk Fk fd jkr dHh u IwIsxh] ogka lqcg gqvk g,4 tgka lksprs Fs mnk
lh gh mnklh gh mnklh jgsxh] ogka vkt vkuan m®lo g,4
vk;h g, eqtnkS vuokjs elZjr ysdj
;g tks xnwΩ is ¬;g e¬r ?Ik Nk;h g,4
vk,j ge rks lksprs Fs ;g va/sjh dkyh ?Ik g,] vkt ;g ckr ugC g,4 vkt ;g
e¬r ?Ik g,4 vk,j m¥ykl vk,j izdk' ds iaqt dh 'qHz lwpuk ysdj vk;h g,4 bl
va/sjh ?Ik ds ikj Hh lwjt >kad jgk g,4
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;g [cj ysdj vk;h g,3m¥ykl dh] izdk' ds iqat dh3fd lwjt ihNs vkrk gh
g,4
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jDl djrs gT r¬loj eX utkjs D;k7D;k2
dgka GqlZr g, izseh dks fd fookn eX i\Ls2
jDl djrs gT r¬loj eX utkjs D;k7D;k

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fny dks D;k7D;k gçls vatqeu vkjk;h g,

;gka rks fny eX u1®; gks jgk g,4 ;gka rks 'jkc ds pæes cg jgs gT4 ;gka rks xhr
kX dh >\Lh yxh g,4
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jDl djrs gT r¬loj eX utkjs D;k D;k2
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HDrkX dks Hh dqN dOksj ckrX dguh i\Lh gT3rqégkjs dkj<4 D;kXfd rqe Sslh t
xg my> xS gks fd vxj rqégX ogka ls u rks\Lk tkS rks rqe Ohd txg igqap gh
u ldksxs4
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ns[ fGj xqfy¬rka eX tksj ls cgkjka g,
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cslcc ugC tkfgn pæes fny dh engks'h
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vkf'dh dh nqfu;k eX n,j D;k] gje d,lk

;gka Gdr eqgçcr g,] dqÌ g, u Beka g,
nkn ns eq>s okbt rq>dks ckrkX ckrkX eX
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dgka dksB ef¬tn g,2
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tks xyr gT4 [aLu fd;k rks eaLu ds fyS4 vxj fdlh ckr dks xyr dgk rks f
lGZ blfyS fd rkfd lgh rqégX fn[k;h i\L lds4 xyr dks xyr dh rjg ns[
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js thou eX vkuan g,] ijek®ek ds izse dh engks'h g,] rks cl Ohd4 fGj rqe d
kck tkvks fd d,yk'] dqN varj ugC i\Lrk4 fGj rqe dgC Hh jgks] d,ls Hh jg
ks] fdlh os' eX] fdlh ns' eX] fdlh jax7Pax eX3lc pysxk4 exj nks ckrX [;k
y dj ysuk A ijek®ek ds fyS izse gks vk,j ijek®ek ds fyS vkuan gks4 ukprk
gqvk izse gks4 m®Gq¥y izse gks4 dey dh rjg f[yk gqvk izse gks4 fGj lc vi
us7vki gks tkrk g,4
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;gka Gdr eqgçcr g,] dqiz»»¡£™»» g, u Beka g,
vkt bruk gh4
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ksrh g,4 fnDdr ;g g, fd og Sd datwl ekjok\Lh Hh g,4 ;g tkurs gqS Hh fd
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igyk izæu A dgk g, 3fucZy ds cy jke4 D;k ;g lp g,`
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g, ;g ckr4 euq‘; rks ekuuk pkgrk g, fd lkjs cy dk Ûksr mlds Hhrj g,4
jkst7jkst vuqHo djrk g, fd fucZy g,] izfriy vuqHo djrk fd fucZy g,6 fGj
Hh ekus pyk tkrk g, fd cy dk Ûksr esjs Hhrj g,] fd eT cy'kyh gwa4
thouHj blh fo"kn dh dFk g, fd rqe lksprs gks fd cy'kyh gks vk,j fl0 g
ksrk g, fd fucZy gks6 exj lh[rs ugC4 gkjrs gks] gkjrs pys tkrs gks6 exj fot
; dh vkdka{k eu eX eaLjkrh jgrh g,4 ;g tks fot; dh vkdka{k g, eu eX] ;
g rqégX ¬ohdkj u djus nsxh fd fucZy ds cyjke4 og dksB opu ek_ ugC g,6
;g Sd thoar vuqHwfr g,4

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vHh jke dks rks Nks\Lks] vHh jke ls rks rqégkjk dqN ysuk7nsuk ugC g,4 vHh rks
Sd gh ckr le>ks fd rqe fucZy gks4 cy fl0 dgka gqvk2 cy'kyh ls cy'k
yh dks varrA ge /wy eX i\Ls ns[rs gT4 ;gka fldanj Hh [kyh gkF gh vkrs gT v
k,j [kyh gkF gh tkrs gT4 ;gka lc flagklu vkt ugC dy lwfy;ka cu tkrs gT f
tudks dy cgqr vd\Lrs ns[k Fk] os lc vc dgka gT` bl i1ƒoh ij cgqr yksx
vd\L dj pys gT] djks\LkX yksx vd\L dj pys gT3mu lc dh yk'X /wy eX fey
xB gT4 os flj tks vkdk' eX mOs Fs vk,j ftügkXus c\Ls nkos fdS Fs] os lc nkosnk
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gks tkS] rqégkjk jksvka7jksvka u dgus yxs rqels fd eT fucZy gwa] rc rd rqe j
ke ds cy dks u tku ldksxs] jke dks u tku ldksxs4
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d ifjorZu dh dhfe;k fNih g,4 ;g lw_ c\Lk ∂kafrdkjh lw_ g,4 exj 'qW djks
viuh fucZyrk ls4 eu rks ekuus dks jkth ugC gksrk4 eu dgrk g, A eT3vk,j f
ucZy2 jgs gkXxs fldanj vk,j nwljs fucZy] vk,j jgs gkXxs djks\LkX yksx tks gkj xS4
eT3 vk,j gkWaxk2 eT fl0 dWaxk fd eT viokn gwa4 iz®;sd euq‘; dk eu ;gh
dgrk g, fd eT miokn gaw4 eq> ij fu;e ykxw ugC gksrs6 eT fu;ekX ls cp tkMa
xk] dksB rjdhc fudky ywaxk4
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rs4 exj ;s fu;e 'kæor gT4 vkneh ds cukS ugC gT6 m¥Ik bügC fu;ekX us vkn
eh dks cuk;k g,4 blfyS vkneh buls cpdj fudy ugC tk ldrk4 ;gka dksB
viokn ugC gksrk4 ;g fu;e lkoZHk,e g,4
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vü;Fk fGj pwd gks xB4 Sd rks vgadkj g, tks ekuus dks jkth ugC gksrk fd
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ks fd djsxk gh3D;kXfd xyr ckr dks ysdj rqe pys Fs fd nks vk,j nks ikap gksrs
gT] vkt ugC dy] dy ugC ijlkX] Vtnxh rqégX dgsxh] cgqr WikX eX dgsxh fd
nks vk,j nks pkj gksrs gT4 dc rd rqe [Cpksxs bl >wO dks2 Sd u Sd ?\Lh ;
g >wO fxj gh tkSxk4 >wO py ugC ldrs4 c,lkf[;ka ns nks mügX l®; dh] Fks\Ls7
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d dgC rqe nwljh vfr ij u pys tkvks vk,j rqe ;g lkspus yxks fd eT nhu7gh
u gwa4 rks fGj vgadkj okfil yk,I vk;k3uB 'dy eX yk,Ik4 igpku u ldksxs]

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Sslk os' j[dj yk,Ik4 igys lezkI. gksus dk nkok djrk Fk] vc fH[kjh gksus d
k Hko ysdj yk,Ik4
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k dk D;k dkj< g,` vka[ lqurh ugC6 bleX nhurk dk D;k dkj< g,` dku ns[
rs ugC6 bleX nhurk dk D;k dkj< g,` Sslk g,4
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gks jgk g,] rks nhurk i,nk gksrh g,4 rkss nhurk eX Hh vgadkj gh fNik gqvk g,3i
jkftr vgadkj] gkjk gqvk vgadkj] fxjk gqvk vgadkj4 j¬lh ty x;h3dgrs gT
3ysfdu ty tkus ds ckn Hh j¬lh dh vd\L ugC x;h4 vgadkj gkj x;k] ysfd
u vc gkj dj Hh Sd uS Wi eX ek,twn g,4 vc rqe lkspus yxs eT nhu7ghu] eT
dqN Hh ugC6 exj vHh Hh rqégkjh iqjkuh ckr dgC ¬oj] fdlh i1‘OHwfe eX xwa
t jgh g,4 vHh Hh rqe mlh ls rk,y jgs gks4 mlh ds vk/kj ij rks rqégX yx j
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d fH[kjh gks4 u rqe lezkI. gks] u rqe fH[kjh gks4
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vius dks vyx eku ysrk g,] ogC Hzkafr 'qW gksrh g,] ek;k 'qW gksrh g,4 vgadk
j dk tüe gksrk g,4 ftl {< rqeus le>k fd eT vyx gwa bl fojkI ls] mlh
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iRs ls æokl ys jgs gT4 gokvkX ds fcuk Hh u th ldXxs4 gokSa izk< ns jgh gT4
vk,j lwjt dh fdj<kX eX ukp jgs gT4 lwjt dh fdj<X M‘ek ns jgh gT] xjeh ns
jgh gT] rki ns jgh gT4 thou mlds fcuk Hh u gks ldsxk4
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lk izfriy dj jgk g,4 Sslk gh g,4 dk,u rqégkjs uklkiqIkX ij lkal Gwad jgk g,`
rqe rks ugC ys jgs gks æokl] Sd ckr iDdh g,4 rqe vxj ysrs gksrs] rc rks rq
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Gj d,ls yksxs` u vk;h] fGj d,ls yksxs` ;g Hzkafr g, fd rqe æokl ysrs gks4 æo
kl pyrh g,] lp6 ysrk dksB Hh ugC4 tc rd pyrh g,] pyrh g,6 tc ugC p
yrh] ugC pyrh4 ckbfcy dh dFk †;knk lp g,] †;knk o,Kkfud6 Ssfrgkfld
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j ftl fnu æokl ugC Gwadsxk] ml fnu æokl ugC vkSxh4
ge tq\Ls gT4
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ij r,jrh g,] xgjkB eX mrjrh g,3eNyh dks yxrk gksxkA eT vyx gwa4 fGj b
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ygj4 lkxj eX gh gks ldrh gwa4
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gh thou] lkxj eX gh e1®;q4 lkxj ls gh mOuk] lkxj eX gh Sd fnu lks tkuk4
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eT fucZy gwa] ml fnu flGZ bruk gh fl0 gqvk fd og tks vgadkj dh rqe ?ks"
<k dj jgs Fs] xyr Fh4 rqe vius ¬o;a ds dX– u Fs4 rqégkjs dX– ij Hh ijek®
ek c,Ok g,] fojkI c,Ok g,4 ogh lcds dX– ij c,Ok g,4
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eX brus dX– gksrs ftrus vgadkj gT] rks ;g vf¬r®o dHh dk fc[j x;k gksrk6
bls tks\Ldj dk,u j[rk2 ;g lkjk vf¬r®o tq\Lk g,3fdruk ?uhHwr Wi ls tq\Lk
g,2 lc phtX Sd7nwljs ls tq\Lh gT4 lc ge rkus7ckus gT Sd gh vf¬r®o ds4 ;g
ka jkr7fnu] tkxs7lksS] rqégX irk pys u irk pys] psru7 vpsru] izfriy ysu7ns
u py jgk g,4 t,ls lkal vk jgh tk jgh] Ssls gh vk,j gtkj rykX ij ysu7nsu
py jgk g,4

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;s o1{ tc lkal ysrs gT rks dkcZu7Lkb7vkDlkbL dks ihrs gT vk,j tc lkal Nks\Lrs
gT rks vkDlhtu dks Nks\Lrs gT4 rqe vkDlhtu ihrs gks vk,j tc Nks\Lrs gks rks d
kcZuLkb7vkDlkbL Nks\Lrs gks4 bu o1{kX ds fcuk rqe u gks ldksxs4 rqégkjs fcuk ;s
o1{ u gks ldXxs4 blhfyS rks t,ls7t,ls tehu dks geus dkIdj o1{kX ls jfgr
dj fn;k] o,ls7o,ls vkneh dk thou {h< gks x;k g,4 vk,j geus fGtwy dh ckr
kX ds fyS o1{kX dks dkI Lkyk4
dy eT iq¬rdkX ds bfrgkl ds laca/ eX Sd iq¬rd i\P jgk Fk4 vejhdk eX 8ü;w;
kdZ Ikbal 9 dh bruh izfr;ka Nirh gT jkst fd Ls\P lk, Sd\L tehu eX ftrus o1
{ gksrs gT mrus mls jksst tWjr i\Lrs gT3mlds dkxt cukus ds fyS4 L\sP lk, S
d\L tehu ds o1{ 8ü;w;kdZ Ikbal9 ih tkrk g, Sd fnu eX4 ;g Sd v[ckj2 vk,
j bl v[ckj ls fdlh dks dksB thou ugC feyusokyk4 vk,j og tks Ls\P lk, Sd\
L eX G,ys gqS gtkjkX o1{ Fs] os xS4 vk,j muls u ekywe fdrus thou {h< gks
tkSaxs2
vkneh us c\Lh uklef>;ka dh gT3blh Hzkafr eX dj yh gT fd eT rks vyx gwa4 o1
{ dks dkIus ls esjk D;k dIsxk2 ij ÷;ku j[uk] rqeus tc o1{ dkIk] viuk i,
j dkIk4 o1{ dI tkSxk rks o"kZ u gksxh] ckny u vkSaxs6 eQ¬Fy gks tkSxk4
o1{ dI tkSxk rks i{h u vkSaxs4 o1{ dI tkSxk rks gokSa bl Pax ls u cgXxh
t,ls dy rd cgrh FC4 o1{ dI tkSaxs rks dk,u rqégkjs thou eX vkDlhtu dks
ns tkSxk4 rqégkjs }kjk GXdh x;h dkcZuLkb7vkDlkbL dks dk,u ipkSxk` rqe
tks iwjs oDr tgj GXd jgs gks ckgj] mldks dk,u fiSxk` ;s o1{ uhydaO gT4 ;s
rqégkjs lkal ls GXds xS tgj dks ih tkrs gT6 mldks Hh dke dk cuk nsrs gT4
;gka lc tq\Lk g,4 ;g rks eTus mnkgj< ds fyS ckr dgh4 ;gka lc la;qDr g,4 ik
uh ds fcuk ge u gks ldXxs4 gok ds fcuk ge u gks ldXxs4 vkdk' ds fcuk ge
u gks ldXxs4 pkan7rkjkX ds fcuk ge u gks ldXxs4 lwjt ds fcuk ge u gks ldXxs
4 rks gekjs gksus dks vyx ekuus dk dkj< D;k g,` dksB Sdk/ vkneh rks fl0
djds crk ns fd eT vyx gks ldrk gwa4 vius lkjs laca/ rks\Ldj Sd {< Hh
rks dksB th tkS~ ~ ~4 nks7pkj fnu Hkstu ugC djrs rks v\Lpu 'qW gks tkrh g,
;k ugC` rks bldk vFZ gqvk fd os tks o1{kX ij Gy yxrs Fs] mu ij rqe fu
HZj Fs6 os tks xsgwa dh ckyX yxrh FC [sr eX] mu ij rqe fuHZj Fs4 rks os xsgwa
dh ckyX vk,j xsgwa ds [sr] muls rqe vyx ugC gks4
Sd fnu ikuh u feys rks d,lh r\LG i,nk gksrh g,2 vk,j ml Sd fnu Hh rqe t
h ysrs gks] D;kXfd rqégkjs 'jhj us dqN ikuh bdØk dj j[k g,] vü;Fk rqe Sd
fnu Hh ugC th ldrs Fs4 og tks Hhrj ikuh bdØk dj j[k g,] lajf{r] mlls
dke pyk ysrs gks Sd fnu] nks fnu] rhu fnu6 fGj eqfædy gksus yxrh g,] Hh
rj dk lajf{r [®e gksus yxrk g,4 ikuh pkfgS2 ikuh pkfgS2 vc rqe r\LGrs
gks4

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fldanj ls fdlh Gdhj us dgk Fk fd rw Sslk le> fldanj] vxj dHh jsfx¬rk
u eX [ks tkS vk,j rq>s î;kl yxs vk,j Sd vkneh rsjs ikl Sd fxykl eX ikuh
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ks jkth gksxk` fldanj us dgk fd vxj eT î;klk gksMaxk vk,j eQ¬Fy eX gksMaxk
rks eT viuk vk/k jk†; Hh ns nwaxk4
ml Gdhj us dgk A og vkneh eT gwa] eT dksB Ssls l¬rs eX cspusokyk ugC gwa4 v
k,j D;k ns ldsxk`
fldanj us dgk fd vxj gkyr cgqr [jkc gks jgh gksxh rks eT iwjk jk†; Hh ns
nwaxk4
rks ml Gdhj us dgk A ;g Hh [wc ets dh jgh2 Sd fxykl ikuh eX tks pyk
tkSxk] bl jk†; dks dekus ds fyS iwjk thou rwus xaok fn;k2 Sd fxykl ikuh
dh Hh dher tks ugC pqdk ldsxk le; i\Lus ij~ ~ ~ 4
rks fdlh {< eX iwjk lkezk†; fldanj dk Sd fxykl ikuh dh Hh dher dk u
gC gksrk4 D;kX` D;kXfd tc ikuh u feys rks izk< ladI eX i\L tkrs gT4 ikuh rks
ijek®ek ls vkrk g,4 jk†;kX dk D;k ew¥; g,2 thou gh u gksxk rks jk†; dk D
;k djksxs2
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o,lk ugC gksrk t,lk rqe vius eu eX lksp ysrs gks4 rqe lksp ysrs gks fd ge tk
Saxs eafnj eX] dgXxs fd 8Hxoku] ge c\Ls detksj gT] vc rqe geX cy nks] /a/k
Ohd ls pyokvks] nqdku Ohd ls pyokvks] cktkj eX izfr‘Ok c\Pokvks4 pyks ge
rks dg nsrs gT fd ge fucZy gT] vc vius pe®dkj fn[ykvks49 ;g eryc ug
C gksrk4 Sslk gh ew\Prkiw<Z eryc yksxkX us fy;k g, fd tc ge fucZy gksdj vka
lw cgkSaxs vk,j [wc jksSaxs] fx\Lfx\LkSaxs] dgXxs fd ge ifrr gT] rqe ifrrikou
gks6 ge ukdqN gT rqe lc dqN gks6 ge rqégkjs pj<kX dh /wy gT] rqe jktk gks6
vc cpkvks3rc og Hkxk gqvk vkSxk4 ;s cpdkuh vkdka{kSa gT4 bldk rks er
yc ;g gqvk fd rqeus mldks Hh viuh lsok eX yxk fy;k4 rqeus c\Lh gksf';kjh
dh4 rqégkjh [q'ken dke dj x;h4
rqégkjh izkFZukSa [q'kenX gT4 blfyS rks izkFZuk dks ¬rqfr dgrs gT4 ¬rqfr ;kuh [q
'ken4 rqégkjh izkFZukSa3pkiywfl;ka gT4 rqégkjh izkFZukSa3mldks Gqlykus dh dksf
''4 rqe fdldks /ks[k nsus pys gks`
fucZy ds cy jke dk Sslk dqN vFZ ugC gksrk fd rqe fx\Lfx\Lkvks] fd rqe ?qI
us Isdks4 fucZy ds cy jke dk vFZ gksrk g,] bl l®; dk lk{k®dkj] fd eT vy
x ugC gwa4 cl esjk dX– esjs Hhrj ugC6 esjk dX– rsjs Hhrj g,4 eT rsjs lkF th
jgk gwa4 eT rsjk vax gwa6 rw vaxh g,4 eT rsjk va' gwa6 rw va'h g,4 rw lkxj g,6 eT rs
jh Sd NksIh7lh ygj4~ ~ ~ Sslh lk{kr vuqHwfr dk uke A ogh bl NksIs ls î;k
js opu eX tks\Lk x;k g,38fucZy ds cy jke94

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fGj Sslk Fks\Ls gh g, fd rqe esjh nqdku Ohd ls pykvks4 rks bldk eryc gqvk
rqégkjh nqdku vHh vyx g,2 bldk ;g eryc rks Fks\Ls gh g, fd rqe esjh ch
ekjh dks feIkvks4 bldk eryc gqvk fd rqégkjh chekjh vHh vyx g,2 ftl fn
u rqeus tkuk fucZy ds cy jke] rqeus tkuk fd eT fucZy gwa4
vk,j ÷;ku j[uk] fGj nksgjk nwaA fucZy tkuus dk eryc ;g ugC fd rqeus tku
k fd nhu7ghu gwa4 nhu7ghurk rks x;h vgadkj ds lkF4 og rks vgadkj dh gh
Nk;k Fh4 flGZ vgadkfj;kX dks irk pyrk g, nhu7ghu gksus dk4 ftudk vgadkj
feI x;k] mudh d,lh nhurk` nhurk irk d,ls pysxh mügX` vgadkj dks gh nh
urk dk cks/ gksrk g,4 tc vgadkj gkjrk g, vk,j jkst7jkst gkjrk g,] blfyS jks
t7jkst nhurk dk cks/ gksrk g,4 fGj ftruh nhurk dk cks/ gksrk g,] mruh th
rus dh dksf'' djrk g, fd Sdk/ ckj rks fl0 dj nwa fd eT dqN gwa4 ftruk
gkjrk g, mruk thrus dks nk,\Lrk g,4 ftruk thrus dks nk,\Lrk g, mruk gkjrk g,
4 rks vgadkj dh vkdka{k gksrh g, fd eT fl0 dj nwa fd eT dqN gwa4 vk,j fl0
ges'k gksrk g, fd eT uk7dqN gwa4 blfyS nhurk i,nk gkssrh g,4
nhurk vgadkj dh Nk;k g,4 ftldk vgadkj x;k] ¬oHkorA Nk;k Hh pyh tkS
xh4 blfyS /k√ed ø;fDr u rks vgadkjh gksrk g, u fouhr4 bls rqe xkaO cka/
ysuk4 /k√ed ø;fDr vgadkjh rks gksrk gh ugC] fouez Hh ugC gksrk4 fouez D;k
[kd gksxk` fdlfyS gksxk` fdl dkj< gkssxk` /k√ed vkneh eX vgadkj gh
ugC cprk] rks vgadkj dh og tks Nk;k Fh] og Hh dgka cpus okyh g,2 /k√e
d vkneh ;g rks dgrk gh ugC fd eT lc dqN gwa6 /k√ed vkneh ;g Hh ugC
dgrk fd eT dqN Hh ugC gwa4 tc 8eT9 gh u cpk rks vc nkok D;k2
dqN ugC gwa] ;g Hh nkok g,4 ;g foijhr nkok g,4 vgadkjh dgrk g, A eT Vlgkl
u ij2 vk,j ftldks rqe fouez dgrs gks] og dgrk g,A eT vkids pj<kX dh /wy
3exj gwa2 fGj pj<kX dh /wy dHh Hh rks eqdqI ij c,O ldrh g,] nsj D;k yx
rh g,4 pj<kX dh /wy dks fdruh nsj yxrh g, eqdqI ij p\P tkus eX2 eqdqI ij
p\Pus dh rjdhc gh g, fd pj< ls 'qW djks4 fdlh dh xnZu nckuh gks] i,j nc
kus ls 'qW djks4 igys tulsod cu tkvks] i,j nckvks] fGj fn¥yh igqap tkvksxs4
fGj xnZu nckvks4
xnZu nckuh gks rks i,j nckus ls 'qW djuk4 i,j nckvksxs] vkneh fuVæpr gks tk
Sxk6 dgsxk A 8Hyk] turk dk lsod g,] lok∆n;h g,4 nckus nks] i,j gh rks nck
jgk g,29 tc rd uCn yx tkSxh rqégkjh] og i,j nckusokyk c\Prs7c\Prs] c\Prs7
c\Prs /hjs7/hjs xnZu nck ysxk4 tc xnZu nck ysxk] rc rqe le>ksxs fd lok∆n;
h turk ikIñ eX lféefyr gks x;k g,6 vc lok∆n;h lok∆n;h ugC g,4 exj rc r
d cgqr nsj gks pqdh4 vc xnZu ls gkF gIkuk cgqr eqfædy gks tkSxk4 vc dk
Gh nsj gks pqdh4 vc NwIuk bruk vklku ugC4

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rks og tks i,j dh /wy gksus dk nkok djrk g,] og fdlh {< eqdqI ij fojkte
ku gks tkSxk4 og mlh ds fyS rks dj jgk g, nkok4 og mlh ds fyS rks >qd
jgk g, fd pyks dksB ckr ugC] >qds ysrs gT4 vxj >qdus ls jk¬rk [qyrk gks rks
>qds ysrs gT4
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;fDr ;g dgrk g, fd eT gwa gh ugC] rks d,lk fuvZgadkj vk,j d,lk vgadkj2 ij
ek®ek g,4 ogh g,4 mldk gh gksuk ek_ g,4 vk,j ¬oHkorA mldk gksuk ije cy
ls Hjk g,4 lkjh MtkZ mldh g,4 Sslk vFZ g, bl lw_ dk A fucZy ds cy jke4
ftl {< rqe feI tkrs] rqe fc¥dqy 'wü; gks tkrs] ftl {< rqe txg [kyh
dj nsrs gks3ml {< rqégkjs Hhrj u;h gokSa cgrh gT] }kj7njokts [qyrs gT4 ;s
uB gokSa ijek®ek dh gT4 tc rqe viuk NksIk7lk fIefIekrk gqvk nh;k] xank
7lk izdk' cq>k nsrs] rc rqégkjs Hhrj pkanuh mrj vkrh g,] og pkanuh ijek®
ek dh g,4
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ædy i\P ikrk Fk4 ysfdu fdrkc Qfpiw<Z Fh vk,j yxk jgk4 vk/h jkr xS] fd
rkc can dh] Fdk7ekank eksecRh cq>k dj Gwadh4 Gwadrs gh pe®Îr gks x;k4 o
g ctjs ij] uko ij NksIk7lk >ksi\Lk~ ~ ~ r®{< t,ls gh eksecRh Gwad dj cq>k
;h] og tks /heh7lh fIefIekrh eksecRh dh jks'uh Fh] og t,ls gh cq>h] o,ls
gh iwjk pkan ckgj Fk2 }kj7njokts ls] ja/z7ja/z ls pkan dh fdj<X Hhrj vk x;C
4 pkanuh ukpus yxh4
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cks/ gqvk A ;g Sd NksIh7lh fIefIekrh jks'uh pkan dks Hhrj u vkus nsrh Fh2
;g NksIh7lh fIefIekrh jks'uh iwjs pkan dks vIdk nh Fh] ckgj vIdk nh Fh]
Hhrj ugC vkus nsrh Fh2 blds cq>rs gh] ;g {q– ds feIrs gh fojkI Hhrj p
yk vk;k4 viwoZ lkTn;Z Hhrj pyk vk;k2 vk,j eT Hh d,lk va/k] lkTn;Z'k¬_ dks
fdrkc eX [kst jgk gwa2
os ckgj fudy vkS4 iwjk pkan vkdk' eX2 Sdkar unh ij ca/k gqvk ctjk2 lc
rjG lUkIk2 i{h Hh lks xS2 euq‘;kX dk dksB irk ugC4 xkao7xzke lks xS4 m
l viwoZ lUkIs eX] ml 'kar f¬u≈/ jkf_ eX3lkTn;Z cjl jgk Fk4 igys rks pkan
dh fdj<X Hhrj vk x;C] t,ls gh eksecRh cq>h] ja/z ja/z ls2 fGj tc pkan Hh
rj vk tkS rks rqégX ckgj ys tkSxk4 tc pkan Hhrj vk tkSxk rks mlh dh f
dj<kX ds lgkjs rqe ckgj vk tkvksxs4 og rqégX ckgj cqykSxk4 fuea_< fey x
;k4 vc rqe Qd u ldksxs4
joC–ukF dks ckgj vkuk i\Lk4 Fds7ekans Fs] lksus dh r,;kjh dj jgs Fs] blfyS
eksecRh cq>k;h Fh6 ysfdu vc ;g pkan tks cqykok nsus vk x;k] ;s tks Hhrj

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vk x;C fdj<X bldh] ;g tks fdj<kX dk frfy¬e] ;g tknw Hj x;k dejs eX2
os ckgj fudy vkS4
ml jkr mügkXus viuh Lk;jh eX fy[k fd tc rd euq‘; ds Hhrj vgadkj dh
eksecRh tyrh jgrh g,] rc rd ijek®ek izos' ugC dj ikrk6 ckgj vIdk j
grk g,4 vk,j og vgadkj dh eksecRh eX ge fdrus 'k¬_ IIksyrs gT] fdrus 'k¬
_ [kstrs gT2 vk,j l®; pkjkX rjG ek,twn g, vk,j l®; dks ge [kstus fudyrs gT
4 vk,j l®; gh l®; g,2 lc rjG ogh g,4 vk,j ge mlh dks [kstus fudyrs gT6
t,ls dgC vk,j gks6 t,ls dgC vk,j tkuk gks2
fucZy ds cy jke dk vFZ g, A rqégX ;g le> eX vk tkS fd eT ugC gwa4 ;g nk
ok eT dk [ks tkS4 ;g nkok gh g,6 bleX dksB vlfy;r ugC g,4 ;g flGZ [;k
y g,4 exj [;ky Hh c\Lh vlfy;r ys ysrs gT4 vxj cgqr fnu rd [;kykX dks
id\Ldj ge c,Os jgX rks ;FkFZ cu tkrs gT4 [;ky gh gT4
rqégX vxj fdlh us dg fn;k fd bl jk¬rs ls er xqtjuk] ;gka ej?I g,4 pkgs
ej?I u gks~ ~ ~4
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gT4 cl ;wa gh ckr gks jgh Fh4 eukso,Kkfud gT4 vk,j tc eTus muls ;g dgk fd
fopkj vxj cgqr fnu rd eu eX c,Os jgX rks ;FkFZ gks tkrs gT] mügkXus dgk A
;g ckr eq>s taprh ugC4 flGZ fopkj d,ls ;FkFZ gks ldrk g,` ;FkFZ ;FkFZ
g,] fopkj fopkj g,4
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eX \tjk vki [;ky ls lksuk4 mügkXus dgk A D;kX` eTus dgk A bleX Sd~ ~ ~ g, r
ks ckr gh] vki ls dguh D;k] exj crk nsuh Ohd g,4 dHh ;gka dksB dcz Fh4
edku cukusokys us dcz rks feIk nh Fh] exj dcz eX tks jgusokyk Fk] og x;k
ugC4 og dHh7dHh jkr eX vHh Hh vk tkrk g,4
8vjs9] mügkXus dgk38vki Hh D;k ckrX dj jgs gT2 vki t,lk vkneh vk,j Sslh c
krX dj jgk g,29
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ugC ekurk Fk] ysfdu tc iz®;{ gqvk] rks vc etcwjh g,4 fGj vkidks u cr
kMa] fGj lqcg vki dgX fd crk;k ugC] psrk;k ugC~ ~ ~ 4 vki igyh nGk bl
edku eX vkS gT6 tks bleX vkrs gT] mudks rks irk g,4 nqckjk vkidks ugC dgwa
xk4 vk,j fGj esjh ckr ekuuh tWjh ugC4 vki rks fuVæpr lksbS] vki er ek
fuS4 exj g, vk,j dHh7dHh pknj [Cprk g,4 dHh eqag ls pknj m?k\L nsrk g,4
dHh Sdne vkdj lkeus [\Lk gks tkrk g,4 mügkXus dgk A vki Hh dgka dh ck
rX dj jgs gT2 vki ls eTus dHh vk'k gh ugC dh Fh fd vki Hwr7izsr eX ekurs
gkXxs4
eTus dgk A eT D;k dWa] ekurk eT Hh ugC gwa4

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fGj rks eT lks x;k4 vk,j jkr nks cts mügkXus tks ph[ ekjh rks x;k muds dejs
eX] og csgks' i\Ls Fs4 ikuh fN\Ldokuk i\Lk] gok djuh i\Lh] ckeqfædy gks' eX
vkS4 eTus iwNk A D;k gqvk` mügkXus dgk fd gn gks xB] eT Hh ekurk ugC] e
xj g, dksB4 cjkcj eTus ml dksus eX [\Lk ns[k4 vk,j tc eTus [\Lk ns[k rks eT ?
c\Lk x;k4
eTus dgk A dksB Hh ugC g,4 eT flGZ vkids izæu dk mRj fn;k gwa4 fopkj Hhrj
c,O tkS rks ;FkFZ gks tkrk g,4
os rks c\Ls ukjkt gqS4 mügkXus dgk A ;g Hh dksB ckr gqB2 esjh iwjh jkr [jkc
dj nh vk,j eT bruk ?c\Lk x;k] eq>s rks Sslk yxk t,ls gkIZ7vI,d gks tkSxk ;
k D;k gksxk2 eq>s rks Sslk yx jgk Fk fd vc eT ph[ Hh u ldwaxk] tc og l
keus [\Lk Fk4 d,ls ph[ fudyh] D;kXfd eT bl ?c\LkgI eX i\L x;k fd vc dks
B u vk;k rks D;k gksxk] irk ugC ;g D;k djs2 Ssls Hh mRj fn;k tkrk g,`
eTus dgk A Ssls gh mRj fn;k tkrk g,4 vk,j rks dksB mRj ugC g,4 ;g dksB Hh
ugC g, ;gka4 vc vki ets ls lks tkbS4
mügkXus dgk A ugC] vc eT vki ds gh dejs eX vkrk gwa4 vc vki fdruk gh d
gks] bl dejs eX eT lksusokyk ugC gwa4
ij eTus dgk A ;gka dksB Hh ugC4 mügkXus dgk A gks ;k u gks] eq>s lksuk g,] rks
eT bl >a>I eX ugC i\Lrk4 ;g dksB fookn dk elyk ugC] eq>s esjh iwjh jkr
[jkc er djks4 eT cgqr ?c\Lk x;k gwa4
Sd nGk rqe fdlh ckr dks ¬ohdkj dj yks] rqégkjh ¬ohÎfr ds dkj< gh gks
tkrh g,4 Sd léeksgu i,nk gks tkrk g,4
rqégkjh Vtnxh eX cgqr7ls ;FkFZ Ssls gh gT tks rqeus ¬ohdkj dj fyS gT4 cl ¬
ohdkj dj fyS gT4 dj fyS] rks gT4 ftl fnu v¬ohdkj dj nksxs] mlh fnu u
gC gks tkSaxs4
;g vgadkj euq‘; ds lcls c\Ls léeksgukX eX ls Sd g,4 ;g lc ls c\Lh fgîuksfll
g,4 ;g geus eku j[k g, vk,j tüekX7tüekX ls bldks laHkyk g,] blfyS cgqr e
tcwr gks x;k g,4 g, fc¥dqy ugC6 gok g,] cl gok g,3ysfdu cgqr xgjs c,O x;k
g,4 vGokg g,4 rqe gks ugC6 rqégkjk gksuk Sd vGokg g,4 ysfdu bl vGokg
ij rqeus Hjkslk dj fy;k4 Hjkslk gh ugC dj fy;k] bldks lgh fl0 djus dh
rqeus lc rjg dh ps‘IkSa dh gT4 vk,j ;g lgh ekywe gksrk g,4 vk,j fGj rqe
ftuds chp jgrs gks] os Hh blh vGokg dks ekurs gT4 rks ge Sd7nwljs dk ikj
¬ifjd léeksgu c\Pkrs jgrs gT4
fGj] pk,chl ?aIs gekjh Hk"k Sslh g, fd eT 'çn dk mi;ksx djuk gh i\Lrk g,4
tc Hh rqe eT 'çn dk mi;ksx djrs gks] fGj ;g vgadkj etcwr gksrk g,] fG
j etcwr gksrk g,] fGj etcwr gksrk g,4 bl ij jkst irZ7nj7irZ terh pyh t
krh g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
thou ds ;FkFZ bl >wO ds dkj< fn[k;h ugC i\Lrs4 ;FkFZ ijek®ek g,4 v;Fk
FZ rqe gks4 ;gh rks vFZ g,] lar tc dgrs gT fd lalkj ek;k g,4 lalkj ;kuh ;s
o1{ ugC3;s fopkj 4 lalkj ;kuh ;s igk\L7ioZr ugC3;g vgadkj4 lalkj ;kuh ;s
pkan7rkjs] lwjt ugC3;s rqégkjs Hhrj tks /kj<kSa] vGokgX] d¥iukSa ?uhHwr
gks x;h gT4 bu ?uhHwr /kj<kvkX ds foltZu dk uke ÷;ku g,] HfDr g,4 vk,j r
c vpkud fn[k;h i\Lrk g, fd lc rjG jke dk gh cy g,4 rqe eX Hh] vk,jkX
eX Hh3lc rjG mlh Sd dk cy g,4
vk,j ¬oHkorA tc rqe ugC cprs rks fGj d,lh nhurk2 fucZy ds cy jke2 rc
tks Hh gksrk g, 'qH g,] D;kXfd ijek®ek ls gksrk g,4 tks Hh gksrk g,] lqanj g,4
mlds gkF ls vlqanj gks gh d,ls ldrk g,2 fGj rks e1®;q Hh vkrh g, rks ojnku
g,4 vHh rks thou Hh vfH'ki g,4 bl vgadkj ds dkj< thou Hh vfH'ki gks
x;k g,4 vk,j fGj rks ek,r Hh vkrh g, rks ojnku g,4 fGj rks ojnku gh ?Irs
gT6 vk,j dqN ?Irk gh ugC4 fGj rks vk'h" gh cjlrs gT6 vk,j dqN cjlrk ugC
] D;kXfd vk,j dqN cjl ldrk ugC4
vkt ijk;k gqvk tk jgk g, eq> ls esjk viukiu
iF Hwys jkgh7lk ø;kdqy HId jgk esjk thou
ys vax\LkB txh osnuk] tkx x;k lks;k ∂anu
Lwc pyk foæokl tHh ls IwI pys eu ds ca/u]
d,ls pys lkal dh nq¥gu] fuiI vdsyh jkgkX eX
dne dne ij ø;Fk Oxksuh fo"/j iky x;h
vkt mHj vk;h v/jkX ij fGj ls lgeh dQ< dFk
ok<h ls vf/dkj ekaxrk xhr v/wjs thou dk
ns[ks vkt fc[j u tkS lafpr HkokX dh ekyk
IwI u tkS Nan] vcksyh jg tkS eu dh Hk"k
cq>h vkjrh Fdh iqtkfju] eafnj ds iI can gqS

vtgw psr xaokj
dk,u lqgkfxu ¬o<Z7dy' ij nhid cky x;h2

cq>h vkjrh] Fdh iqtkfju] eafnj ds iI can gqS
dk,u lqgkfxu ¬o<Z7dy' ij nhid cky x;h2
og nh;k cyrk gh rc g,] tyrk gh rc g,3tc rqégkjs vgadkj dk lc gkj tk
rk g,] lc lekîr gks tkrk g,] vgadkj tc iwjh rjg ijkftr gksdj fxj tkrk
g,] mldh js[k Hh ugC cprh4
tgka yxrk g, fd vafre ijkt; vk x;h] lc rjg ls gkj xS] loZgkjk3mlh
{<~ ~ ~
dk,u lqgkfxu ¬o<Z7dy' ij nhid cky x;h2~ ~ ~ mlh {< fdlh vKkr dk
nh;k rqeeX mrj vkrk g,6 fdlh vKkr dh jks'uh rqe eX mrj vkrh g,4 8fucZy
ds cyjke94
fucZy ds cy jke eX jke dk fdlh rjg dk mi;ksx dj ysus dh ps‘Ik ugC g,4
fucZy ds cy jke eX jke ds cy dk dqN 'ks"< dj ysus dk vk;kstu ugC g,4 f
ucZy ds cy jke eX dsoy rƒ; dh ?ks"<k g,4
blhfyS rks vgadkj rks\Lrk g, vk,j vkalw tks\L nsrs gT4 vgadkj nhoky cu tkrh
g,6 vkalw }kj cu tkrs gT4 D;kXfd vkalw dk vFZ gksrk g,A gkjs gqS] ijkftr4
vc vius ij dksB Hjkslk u jgk4 vc vius ls dqN gks ldsxk] bldh dksB vk'
k Hh u cph4 vc lkjh vk'k] fujk'k gks x;h6 lkjh ;kstukSa grk' gksdj fxj
x;C4 vc dksB Hfo‘; u cpk4 flGZ vka[ vkalqvkX ls xhyh jg x;h4 flGZ fo"k
n] flGZ larki~ ~ ~
t,ls vkneh us viuk vk®e?kr gh dj fy;k] vc eT ugC gwa3vk,j ftl {< ;g
vk®e?kr ?Irk g, fd eT ugC gwa] mlh {< lekf/ dk nh;k ty tkrk g,4 ;g
cscw> ?Iuk ?Irh g,] ;g jg¬;e; ?Iuk ?Irh g,4 ftl fnu rqe ugC gksrs] ml
h fnu rqégkjs Hhrj ijek®ek ukpus yxrk g,4 vkalw dh dyk lh[ks4
;g th pkgrk g, fd dqN dj fn[kSa]

vtgw psr xaokj
dksB u†e fy[X] dksB xhr xkSa
tks ;g Hh u gks rks mls ;kn djds
fdlh dqat eX c,Odj xe ds vkalw cgkSa

eu rks djus dk gksrk g,4 ;g th pkgrk g, fd dqN dj fn[kSa2 exj D;k dj
fn[kvksxs` Î®; ls dksB vkneh ijek®ek ls ugC tq\Lrk] D;kXfd Î®; rks fGj7f
Gj vgadkj dks gh etcwr dj tkrk g,4 blfyS rqe D;k djrs gks] blls rqe /
k√ed ugC gksrs6 rqe D;k gks] blls /k√ed gksrs gks4 dksB vkneh dgrk g,] eTus
nku fd;k4 dksB vkneh dgrk g,] eTus eafnj cuk;k4 dksB vkneh dgrk g, fd eT
us xks7'kyk [ksyh4 dksB vkneh dgrk g,] brus czk‰<kX dks Hkstu djkrk gwa4 dks
B vkneh dgrk g,] ns[ks vukFky; pykrk gwa] fo/ok vkJe pykrk gwa] Sslk7Ss
lk ~ ~ ~4 Gsgfjær yach g, djus okykX dh4 exj ;s /k√ed gT` ;s /k√ed ugC gT
4 vHh bügX djus dk [;ky g,4 vHh ;s dgrs gT fd eTus /eZ'kyk cuk;h] eTus
eafnj cuk;k2 rks ;g eafnj eX tks bügkXus ew√r j[h] ;g ew√r buds gh eT dh ew√
r g,] pkgs bldks jke dgks] pkgs Î‘< dgks] pkgs egkohj] cq0 dgks] dqN GdZ
ugC i\Lrk4 vxj bl ew√r dks \tjk xgjs [ksnksxs rks rqe budk uke gh fy[k gq
vk ikvksxs4 ;g ew√r budh gh g,4 ;g cq0 ds cgkus bügkXus viuh ew√r j[ yh4
vius g¬rk{j dj tkus dh dksf'' dj jgs gT4 i®FjkX ij uke fy[ tkus dh d
ksf'' dj jgs gT3fIds dqN] cpk jgs dqN ihNs] ;kn jg tkS] bfrgkl ds iUkX
ij dgC dksB NksIh fIîi<h jg tkS4
tc cksf//eZ phu igqapk vk,j lezkI. ow us mlls dgk fd eTus gtkjkX eafnj cuok
S vk,j yk[kX cq0 dh ew√r;ka x\Lok;C vk,j eT l,d\LkX ck,0 fH{qvkX dks Hkstu dj
krk gwa vk,j eTus l,d\LkX ck,0 'k¬_kX dk vuqokn djok;k g,] eTus viuk lkjk [tk
uk /eZ dh lsok eX yxk fn;k g,3eq>s blls D;k ykH gksxk` bldk D;k iq≤; gks
xk`
tkss vk,j fH{q xS Fs Hkjr ls blds igys] mu lcus mldh [wc iz'alk dh Fh f
d 8lezkI. ow] vki p∂orñ gT2 vki t,lk /eZ7jktk dHh ugC gqvk2 vki jktkvkX
eX Hh egkjktk gT2 vkidh dh√r lnk jgsxh4 vkidk iq≤; c\Lk g,4 ¬oxZ eX vki
ds fyS ¬o<Z7egy cukS tk jgs gT4 vkidh izrh{k dh tk jgh g,4 vki lkroX ¬
oxZ tkvksxs49 Sslh7Sslh ckrX mügkXus dgh FC4 ow cgqr izlU gqvk Fk4 vk,j ow us
vk,j Hh †;knk eafnj cuokS] vk,j Hh fH{qvkX dks Hkstu djok;k] vk,j Hh 'k¬
_kX ds vuqokn djokS] vk,j Hh yksxkX dks ck,0 /eZ eX nhf{r djok;k4 lezkI. ow
us phu dks ck,0 cuk;k4
ysfdu ;g cksf//eZ vk;k4 ;g dqN vk,j Pax dk vkneh Fk4 ;g vlyh vkneh
Fk4 Ssls vlyh vknfe;kX ds lkeus [\Ls gksus eX Hh izk< dai tkrs gT4

vtgw psr xaokj
tc cksf//eZ ls iwNk ow us] tks mlus ges'k iwNk Fk vk,j iz'aflr gksdj vkuafnr
gksrk Fk] tc mlus iwNk D;k gksxk bldk iq≤;3rks cksf//eZ us mls Ssls ∂ks/ ls
ns[k] cksf//eZ us mldh vka[kX eX bl rjg H;adjrk ls ns[k fd t,ls dksB Vlg
[\Lk gks vk,j [k tkus dks r®ij gks4 mlus dgk fd iq≤;2 d,lk iq≤;` ujd eX
u i\Lks rks cgqr2
ujd eX u i\Lks rks cgqr4 ow us dgk A 8egkjkt] vki dgrs D;k gT`9 og rks t,
ls Sd uCn ls tkxk4 vc rd rks fdlh us ;g ckr ugC dgh Fh4 mlus dgk 8
vki dgrs D;k gT` eTus brus /eZ ds Î®; fdS vk,j eT ujd eX u i\Lwa rks cl~
~ ~29
ckssf//eZ us dgk A gka] bleX iq≤; dqN Hh ugC] /eZ dqN Hh ugC4 Î®; eX /eZ
d,lk2 D;kXfd Î®; eX rks djusokyk vk x;k4 Î®; eX rks vgadkj vk x;k4 ;g
rks vgadkj dh gh ltkoI py jgh g,4
ow Fks\Lk ukjkt gqvk4 mlus izæu cny fn;k] mlus fo"; cnyk] D;kXfd vk,j yks
x Hh [\Ls Fs] vk,j ;g vkneh dqN vthc7lk ekywe i\Lrk g,2 lezkIkX ls bl rj
g ugC cksyk tkrk4 exj mls irk ugC fd cksf//eZ ftl fpR dh n'k eX g,] o
g cq0 dh n'k g,6 og Ohd ogC gT tgka cq0 gT4 os dqN vk,ipkfjd ckrX ugC cks
yXxs4
lezkI. ow us fo"; cnyk] rkfd ckr \tjk Gthgr dh u gks tkS4 mlus dgk A f
Gj /eZ dh ifo_rk ds laca/ eX dqN dgX4 cksf//eZ galk4 mlus dgk A /eZ vk,j
ifo_rk dk D;k laca/ 2 /eZ ;kuh 'wü;rk4 ifo_rk` ifo_rk dk D;k laca/ /
eZ ls` ifo_rk3fGj ogh vgadkj4 ifo_rk7vifo_rk] iki7iq≤;3uke gh cnyrs
gks] ckr ogh djrs gks4 uhfr7vuhfr] vπNk7cqjk~ ~ ~ /eZ dk vπNs7cqjs ls dksB
laca/ ugC4 /eZ dk laca/ g, 'wü;7Hko ls3u vπNk u cqjk] u dqN ifo_ u dq
N vifo_4 eT dk vHko3/eZ4
rc rks \tjk lezkI. ow Hh ukjkt gks x;k4 mlus dgk A fGj vki dk,u gT` vxj
/eZ 'wü; g,] rks vki dk,u gT` ;g tks esjs lkeus [\Lk ckr dj jgk g,] ;g dk,
u g,`
cksf//eZ galk vk,j mlus dgk A eq>s irk ugC4 ;g c\Lk viwoZ mRj g,4 mlus dg
k A eq>s irk ugC4 irk Hh gks rks eT gks tkMa4 eq>s dqN irk ugC4 vki ns[ yks]
;g dk,u [\Lk g, lkeus2 vki >kad yks] ;g dk,u [\Lk g, lkeus2 eT [qyk gwa] es
js }kj [qys gT6 ysfdu eT dk,u gwa] ;g rks eq>s gh irk ugC4 ;g rks fdlh dks Hh
irk ugC g,4
ow ;g iwN jgk Fk] ukjktxh eX iwN jgk Fk] fd vki dk,u gT egk';] tks bl
rjg ds dOksj mRj fnS pys tk jgs gT` vki gT dk,u`
vk,j cksf//eZ dgrk g,] eq>s irk ugC4 eT dk,u gwa] rqe ns[ yks4 esjs }kj [qys gT4

vtgw psr xaokj
dk' ow eX fgéer gksrh mu }kjkX eX >kadus dh] rks og ikrk egk'wü;4 vk,j ml
egk'wü; eX ikrk †;ksfreZ; ijek®ek dks4 ysfdu og u ns[ ldk] og yk,I i\Lk
4 mlus dgk A ;g vkneh vf'‘I g, vk,j bls jkt7njckjkX ds fu;ekX dk dksB i
rk ugC4 pwd x;k volj4
/eZ dk laca/ Î®; ls ugC g,3'wü; ls g,3ije 'wü; ds Hko ls g,4 blfyS djus
ls dksB /k√ed ugC gksrk4 rqe D;k djrs gks] blls /k√ed ugC gksrs3rqe D;k
gks2 rqe vxj 'wü; gks rks /k√ed gks4 ;gh ckr g, bl opu eXA fucZy ds cy j
ke 4 fucZy ls vFZ g,A 'wü; gks tkvks] rks iw<Z mrjsxk4 tgka 'wü; g, ogka iw<Z m
rjrk gh g,4 'wü; ;kuh rqe vk,j iw<Z ;kuh ijek®ek4
nwljk izæu A izæudrkZ nqdkunkj g,4 mls HyhHkafr irk g, fd lqanj o¬rq dh dhe
r Hh c\Lh gksrh g,4 fnDdr ;g g, fd og Sd datwl ekjok\Lh Hh g,4 ;g tkurs
gqS Hh fd lalkj vk,j eks{ Sd lkF ugC l/rs] mldk jl nksukX eX g,4
dksB gtkZ ugC4 nqdkunkj gksus eX dksB gtkZ ugC4 lalkj eX lHh nqdkunkj gT4 nq
dkuX vyx7vyx gkXxh] exj lalkj eX lHh nqdkunkj gT4 lalkj eX gksus dk Pax
gh nqdkunkjh g,4 vk,j fdlh Pax ls rks lalkj eX dksB gks gh ugC ldrk4 dksB Kk
u dh nqdku djrk g,] dksB vk,j lkeku dh nqdku6 ysfdu lHh nqdkunkj gT4 b
lfyS Vprk u yks4
vk,j nqdkunkj Hh igqap tkrs gT4 ns[rs gT iyIw3fujxqu cfu;k2 iyIw igqap xS4
iyIw3jke dk eksnh4 iyIw igqap xS] rqe Hh igqap tkvksxs4 dksB Vprk dh ckr
ugC g,4
nqdkunkj dk vFZ bruk gh gksrk g, fd fglkc7fdrkc j[rs gks4 lks lHh j[rs
gT4 vgadkj fglkch7fdrkch g,4 nqdkunkj dk vFZ gksrk g, fd nks i,ls eX pht [j
hnks vk,j pkj i,ls eX csp nks rks dqN cpr gks tkS4 nqdkunkj dk vFZ gksrk g, A
de nks vk,j †;knk yks] rks dqN cpr gks tkS4 lHh yksx ;gh dj jgs gT4 vk,j
vπNk g, fd rqeus ¬ohdkj fd;k] D;kXfd ftlus ¬ohdkj fd;k og ikj tk ld
rk g,4 ;g ckr Hh le> eX vk tkS fd esjk fpR nqdkunkj dk g,] fglkch7fd
rkch g,] xf<r eX yxk jgrk g,] ges'k fxurh djrk jgrk g, fd dqN †;knk u
pyk tkS6 †;knk vkS lnk] tkS de] vkS †;knk4 ;g rks lHh dh n'k g,4 f
tl fnu blls myIh n'k gksrh g,] ml fnu HDr i,nk gksrk g,4 HDr dk vFZ g
ksrk g,A tkS †;knk] naw †;knk caIs †;knk4 ywa mruk gh ftruk eq>s tWjh g,4 vk,j
ns nwa lc tks esjs ikl g,4 esjk dke nks jksIh ls py tkS] rks nks jksIh ys ywa vk,
j ns nwa lc iwjk] [tkuk yqIk nwa2 og tks esjs varjre eX mOs gT] ¬oj os lc cka
I nwa4 lkjk izse maLsy nwa4
izseh myIk nqdkunkj g,4 ckaIus eX] nsus eX mldk jl g,4 nqdkunkj dHh Hh izseh
cu ldrk g,6 \tjk7lh fn'k cnyus dh ckr g,4 vHh †;knk ysrs Fs] de nsrs Fs6
\tjk7lh gh cnyus dh ckr g,3de ysus yxs] †;knk nsus yxs] izseh gks xS] HDr

vtgw psr xaokj
gks xS4 Ssls gh rks iyIw fujxqu cfu;k ije fl0®o dks miyç/ gqvk4 \tjk7lh
nqdku ds gh lw_ dks cny ysus dh ckr g,4
eT rqégX nqdku Nks\Ldj Hkxus dks ugC dgrk4 eT rqégX flGZ bruk gh dgrk gwa fd
tgka rqégkjs Hhrj xf<r c,Ok g,] ogka izse c,O tkS4
iwNk rqeus A 8izæudrkZ nqdkunkj g,4 mls HyhHkafr irk g, fd lqanj o¬rq dh dh
er Hh c\Lh gksrh g,49 Ohd gh irk g,] mfpr gh irk g, fd ftruh lqanj o¬rq
gksxh mruh dher gksxh4 vk,j tks ijek®ek dks [kstus pyk g,] mls rks vius dks
iwjk dk iwjk dher eX gh ns nsuk gksxk] blls de u pysxk4 rqe pkgks fd /u
nsus ls ijek®ek fey tkS] rks ugC gksxk4 ¬o;a dks nsuk gksxk4 vius dks iwjk gh
maLsy nsuk gksxk4 ogC v\Lpu gksrh g,4 ogC gekjk eu dgrk g, fd [qn dks rks
u nsuk i\Ls vk,j dqN Hh nsus ls py tkS rks ns nXxs3tehu ns nXxs] edku ns nXxs]
i®uh7cπps ns nXxs] /u7}kj ns nXxs6 ysfdu vius dks2 vius dks ns fn;k rks fGj
ysus dk etk D;k2 fGj ysusokyk dk,u cpk2 vk,j fGj ;g ijek®ek dqN Sslk g,
fd feyrk gh rc g, tc rqe vius dks ns nsrs gks4 ogC nqdkunkj dk eu v\Lp
u eX i\Lrk g,4 ogC mldk xf<r gkjus yxrk g,4 ogC dqN myIk xf<r 'qW gks
rk g,4 vius dks gh ns nks] rks ijek®ek feyrk g,4 Ssls gh t,ls cwan lkxj eX fxj
rh g,] rks vius dks xaok nsrh g,3ysfdu xokdj gh lkxj gks tkrh g,4 vk,j cht
tehu eX IwIrk g, rks vius dks xaok nsrk g,3vk,j vius dks xaok dj gh o1{ gks
tkrk g,4 vk,j fGj o1{ eX djks\LkX cht yxXxs vk,j Sd7Sd cht djks\L7djks\L c
ht dks i,nk djrk tkrk g,4
ou¬ifr'k¬_h dgrs gT] Sd cht ls iwjh tehu gjh gks ldrh g,4 Sd tehu D;
k] lkjh tehuX gjh gks ldrh gT4 D;kXfd Sd cht GwIrk g, rks djks\L cht] fGj
Sd vk,j6 djks\L GwIrs gT rks djks\L7djks\L3G,yrk pyk tkrk g,4 vuar fo¬rkj
g,4 Sd NksIs7ls cht eX cz‰ dk fo¬rkj g,4 ysfdu feIuk i\Lrk g, cht dks4 ogC
v\Lpu vkSxh4 vk,j ogC rqégX v\Lpu vkrh g,] Sslk ugC6 lHh dks vkrh g,4 b
lfyS Vprk er ysuk4 nqdkunkj gks ;k ugC gks] lHh dks v\Lpu vkrh g,4 vius
dks d,ls feIkSa2
vgadkj dgrk g, A vius dks cpk yks vk,j ijek®ek dks Hh ik yks4 ;g ugC gks
ldrk4 D;kXfd vgadkj gh ck/k g,4 ;g rks Ssls gh gqvk fd dksB vkneh pkgs fd
dejs eX va/sjk Hh cp tkS vk,j jks'uh Hh tyk ywa4 jks'uh tyh rks va/sjk tk
Sxk4 va/sjk cpkuk g, rks fGj jks'uh ugC tysxh4 ;s nksukX ckrX lkF7lkF u gks
ldXxh4 vlaHo dks djus dh dksf'' er djuk4 vk,j esjh Sslh izrhfr g, fd nq
dkunkj bl ckr dks le> ldrk g,4 nqdkunkj ds ikl dkGh le> gksrh g,4 nq
dkunkj ds ikl bruk xf<r] bruk rdZ gksrk g, fd og rdkZrhr dh Hh Fks\Lh7
lh ckr le> ys4 rdkZrhr dks Hh le>us ds fyS Fks\Ls rdZ dh tWjr gksrh g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
tks cqf0 ds ikj g,] mleX >kadus dks cqf0 dh tWjr gksrh g,4 vk,j nqdkunkj cq
f0 eX thrk g,4
blfyS bl ckr dks v\Lpu er eku ysuk4 bldk mi;ksx djks4 gj jkg ds i®F
j dks lh\Ph cukvks4 vc tgka gks] vxj nqdkunkj gks] ø;olk;h gks] rks ø;olk;
dks gh lh\Ph cukvks4
vdlj Sslk gksrk g, fd ge gj jkg dh lh\Ph dks i®Fj cuk ysrs gT3ctk; i®F
jkX dks lh\Ph cukus ds4 gekjh n1f‘I;ka c\Lh udkjk®ed gT4
8izæudrkZ nqdkunkj g,4 mls HyhHkafr irk g, fd lqanj o¬rq dh dher Hh c\Lh
gksrh g,49
Ohd irk g,4 Sd vk,j ckr irk dj yks fd ;g tks ijek®ek g,] bldh dher
c\Lh ugC gksrh6 bldh dher vius iwjs gksus ls pqdkuh i\Lrh g,4 vk,j c\Lk etk
;g g, fd gekjh dher gh D;k g,] gekjk ew¥; gh D;k g,2 ge rks flGZ vGokg
gT4 ge rks Sd >wO gT4
eTus lquk] eq¥yk ulQYhu Sd I≠su eX lGj dj jgk Fk4 ml dejs eX] G¬IZ Dyk
l ds ml Lçcs eX eq¥yk Fk vk,j nks laHzkar efgykSa FC4 Sd efgyk us dgk nwl
jh efgyk ls fd 8rqégX Hjkslk vkS ;k u vkS] ysfdu eq>s lksus7pkanh ls Sytñ
g,9 lksus7pkanh ls Sytñ2 igyh efgyk tc ;g cksyh rks nwljh efgyk Fks\Lh pkTd
h4 ml efgyk us dgk fd vHh dy gh Sslk gqvk fd ifr lksus dk Sd gkj ys
vkS4 eTus xys eX Lkyk vk,j Sytñ gks x;h vk,j eT csgks' gks x;h4 rqe ekuks ;k
u ekuks~ ~ ~4 ysfdu nwljh efgyk us dgk A ;g eT ekuwaxh] D;kXfd eq>s Hh Sy
tñ g,4 eq>s lksus7pkanh dh Sytñ ugC g,] ghjs7tokgjkr dh Sytñ g,4 vHh ijl
kX gh rks ifr fn¥yh ls yk,Is gT] Sd uk, yk[ dk gkj ys vkS vk,j eTus iguk fd
Sdne eT csgks' gks x;h4
;s nksukX dh ckrX py jgh FC fd eq¥yk Sdne ls fxjk vk,j G'Z ij pkjkX [kus
fpR gksdj csgks' gks x;k4 nksukX efgykSa ?c\Lk x;C] psu [Cph] xkLZ vk;k] vk,
j yksx Hh vk xS] vkl7ikl ds fLçckX ls yksx vk xS4 ckeqfædy ikuh fN\Ldk]
gok dh] fdlh rjg eq¥yk dks gks' eX yk;k4 eq¥yk ls iwNkA ekeyk D;k` eq¥
yk us dgk fd ekjs xS gksrs] vπNk gqvk vki yksx vk xS4 eq>s >wO dh Sytñ
g,4 blfyS eT f¬_;kX dk l®lax djrk Hh ugC4 la;ksxo'kr tku tkrh Fh4 Sd
lhek rd eT >wO cjnkær dj ldrk gwa] mlds ckn eq>s Sytñ g,] fGj eT Sd
ne csgks' gks tkrk gwa4
;g tks vgadkj g,] ;g >wO g,] ;g fc¥dqy >wO g,4 blh >wO eX Lwcs gqS rqe csgks
' gks4 rqégX l®; dh Sytñ g,4 rqe >wO ls rks jkth gks6 l®; ls rqégX v\Lpu g,4
l®; ls Sytñ de gks] blfyS l®lax4 blfyS l®; dh lquks] l®; dks xquks]
l®; dks lkspks] ÷;kvks] fopkjks3rkfd /hjs7/hjs /hjs7/hjs l®; dh Sytñ de gks
tkS] vk,j >wO dh Sytñ c\Ps4 rc rqe Sd fnu ikvksxs fd vgadkj dks ijek®

vtgw psr xaokj
ek ds pj<kX eX p\Pkrs oDr rqeus dksB ew¥; ugC pqdk;k g,] flGZ chekjh Nks\Lh
g,4 ijek®ek eq©r fey jgk g,3chekjh dh dher ij fey jgk g,4 ijek®ek eq©
r fey jgk g,3>wO dh dher eX fey jgk g,4 tks rqégkjs ikl ugC g,] mldks N
ks\Lus ls fey jgk g,4
fGj ls nksgjk nwaA tks rqégkjs ikl ugC g,] mldks Nks\Lus ls ijek®ek fey jgk g,4
tks g,3feyrk g,3mls Nks\Lus ls3tks ugC g,4 blls l¬rk lk,nk vk,j D;k gksxk2
vxj rqe vlyh nqdkunkj gks rks esjh ckr rqégX le> eX vk tkSxh4 blls l¬r
k lk,nk vk,j D;k gksxk3tks ugC g,] mldks Nks\Lus ls feyrk g,3og] tks g,2
8fnDdr ;g g, fd og Sd datwl ekjok\Lh Hh g,49
ekjok\Lh gksuk gh dkGh g,] datwl ekjok\Lh~ ~ ~ rks dksB tWjr gh ugC g,4 ;s n
ks7nks bdØs D;kX` iquQfDr D;kX djrs gks` ekjok\Lh gksuk i;kZîr g,4 exj dk,u ek
jok\Lh ugC g,2 tgka yksH g,] ogka ekjok\L4 ns[k u] dy ge lqurs Fs fd tgka '
hy ogka vo/ vk,j tgka ¬usg ogka tudiqjh2 Sslk gh le>ks A tgka yksH ogka e
kjok\L4 yksHh rks lHh gT] lks lHh ekjok\Lh gT4 tc rd yksH g,] rc rd ekjo
k\L ds ckgj tkvksxs d,ls` tks Hh egÂ®okdka{h g,] ekjok\Lh g,4 tks Hh yksyqi g,]
ekjok\Lh g,4 ;g rks izrhd g,4 vk,j tks Hh yksHh g,] datwl gksxk gh4
datwl dk D;k vFZ gksrk g,` datwl dk vFZ gksrk g,~ ~ ~4 yksHh dk vFZ gksrk g,A
tks ugC g, og feys4 yksyqi dk vFZ gksrk g,A tks esjs gkF eX ugC g,] gkF eX v
k tkS4 datwl dk vFZ gksrk g, A tks gkF eX vk x;k] og fudy u tkS4 vk,j
rks dqN eryc ugC gksrk4 rks ;g fc¥dqy laxfr g, nksukX dh6 Sd gh rdZ dk
G,yko g,4 tks esjs ikl ugC g,] og eq>s fey tkS3;g yksH4 fGj tc fey x;k
] rks ;g feyk gqvk dgC gkF ls u fudy tkS] D;kXfd vk,j yksx Hh rks >iIus
dks r,;kj [\Ls gT4 rqe vdsys gh rks ugC gks ;gka4 ;gka c\Ls izfr¬i/ñ gT4 lkjh i1
ƒoh ekjokf\L;kX ls Hjh g,4 dgka Hkxksxs] dgka cpdj tkvksxs2 vk,j nwljs Hh >iI
jgs gT4 t,lk rqeus fdlh ls >iI fy;k g,] nwljs rqels >iIus dks r®ij c,Os gT4
t,ls gh rqégkjs gkF eX vk;k fd >a>I 'qW gksrh g,4
jkeÎ‘< dgk djrs Fs~ ~ ~4 c,Os Fs Sd fnu eafnj ds ckgj nf{<sæoj eX4 mügkX
us Sd phy dks m\Lrs ns[k4 og Sd pwgs dks ysdj m\L jgh Fh4 vk,j mlds ihNs
dB fx0 yxs Fs] vk,j phyX yxh FC vk,j >iÈs ekj jgh FC ml ij4 jkeÎ‘<
c,Os ns[rs jgs vk,j muds f'‘; Hh c,Os Fs4 f'‘; Hh ns[us yxs4 jkeÎ‘< dks Ss
lk nRfpR ns[dj mudks yxk fd tWj dqN egÂ®oiw<Z ckr gksxh6 ogka dqN [
kl ekeyk Hh ugC g,4 og phy Sd pwgs dks ysdj m\L jgh g,4 vk,j fx0 ml i
j geys ekj jgs gT] vk,j phyX >iÈs ekj jgh gT4 fGj ml phy us og pwgk Nks\L
fn;k4 pwgs ds Nks\Lrs gh lc fx0 vk,j lc phyX3tks ml ij geyk dj jgs Fs3
mls Nks\Ldj pys xS4 os pwgs ds ihNs pys xS6 bl phy ls mügX D;k ysuk7nsuk
Fk2 og phy Sd o1{ ij c,O x;h4

vtgw psr xaokj
jkeÎ‘< us vius f'‘;kX ls dgk A ns[k 2 tc rd rqe fdlh pwgs dks id\Ls gks]
rc rd fx0 rqe ij geyk djXxs4 vc ns[ks] og fdl ets eX c,Oh g,2 fxjg g
ekjk lqU eX] vugn eX foljke2 vc ogka dksB ugC g,] lUkIk gks x;k4 vc dks
B phy geyk ugC djrh] dksB fx0 geyk ugC djrk4 vc ml phy dks irk
py jgk gksxk fd ;g eq> ij geyk dj gh ugC jgs Fs] budk geyk rks pwgs i
j Fk4 eT Hh pwgs dks id\L jgh Fh] ;s pwgs dks id\Lus ds izfr;ksxh Fs] izfr¬i/ñ
Fs4 pwgk NwI x;k ;k Nks\L fn;k3ckr [®e gks x;h4
yksH dk vFZ g, A nwljkX ds gkF eX tks g,] og esjs gkF eX gks4 datwlh dk vFZ g,
A tks esjs gkF eX g,] og esjs gh gkF eX jgs] fdlh vk,j ds gkF eX u pyk tkS
4 datwlh yksH dh gh Nk;k g, vk,j etk ;g g, fd yksHh lnk nqA[h jgsxk vk,j
datwl lnk H;Hhr4 yksHh lnk nqA[h jgsxk] D;kXfd fdruk gh rqe ik yks] cgqr
dqN lnk ikus dks 's" jg tkrk g,4 og tks ugC feyk g,] og ih\Lk nsrk g,4 ml
dk na' pqHrk g,] Nkrh eX Nqjh dh rjg pqHrk g,4 Sd edku rqeus cuk fy;k]
blls D;k gksrk g,6 c¬rh eX gtkj edku gT6 vk,j ;gh dksB c¬rh rks ugC] vk,j
gtkj cf¬r;ka gT4 rqe fdruk dj yksxs` ftruk djksxs] og lnk gh NksIk jgsxk
3mlds eqdkcys eX] tks fd 's" djus dks g,4 Vtnxh NksIh g,4 ;g lRj7v¬lh lk
y dh Vtnxh eX fdruk dekvksxs` ges'k ikvksxs fd {q– gh gkF eX yxk4 ftru
k gksuk Fk mruk ugC gks ik;k4 blfyS yksHh lnk nqA[h4 yksHh dHh lq[h ugC
gks ldrk4 vk,j datwl lnk H;Hhr] D;kXfd tks gkF eX g, og dksB Nhu u ys2
lkjs yksx >iÈk ekjus dks r,;kj gT4 lc rjG nqæeu [\Ls gT4
rqe ns[rs gks] xjhc dk dk,u nqæeu g,2 nqæeu vehj ds gksrs gT4 rqégkjs ikl dq
N gks] rc dksB nqæeu gksrk g,4 rqégkjs ikl dqN u gks rks dk,u nqæeu gksrk g,2
rqe ns[rs gks c¬rh eX gh rqégkjs jktusrk ?werk jgrk Fk] dksB nqæeu ugC Fk4
t,ls gh og fefu¬Ij gks tkrk g,] fGj eqfædy [\Lh gks tkrh g,4 fGj og fudy
dj ?we ugC ldrk4 fGj [rjk g,] fGj f?jko gksxk] vkanksyu gksxk] fojks/ eX
izn'Zu fudysxk] i®Fjckth gksxh] twrs GXds tkSaxs4
vHh ns[k] eksjkjth HkB ij dksB twrs ugC GXdrk Fk] vc yksx GXdus yxs4 GX
dXxs twrs4 vHh iwuk eX gh VGds4 dksB ugC GXd jgk Fk twrs] fdlh dks iz;kstu
ugC Fk4 tc rd rqégkjs gkF eX pwgk u gks] fdlh dks dksB eryc ugC g,4 pwgk
gkF eX vk;k fd lc dks eryc g,] D;kXfd og pwgk vk,jkX dks Hh pkfgS4 rks
t,ls gh rqégkjs gkF eX in gks] izfr‘Ok gks] /u gks] o,ls gh rqe v\Lpu eX i\Ls] f
Gj mldh j{k djuh i\Lrh g,4 fGj lc rjG ls bartke djuk i\Lrk g, fd d
ksB Nhu u ys] dksB >iI u ys4
ftuds ikl dqN ugC g,] os ets ls lks ldrs gT6 ysfdu ftlds ikl dqN g,] og
d,ls lksS2 blfyS datwl lks ugC ikrk4 yksH vk,j datwlh ds chp eX Galdj] bu
nks pkdkX ds chp eX] vkneh fil tkrk g,4 ;g dksB c\Lh gksf';kjh ugC g,4

vtgw psr xaokj
vxj rqe lp eX gksf';kj gks] rks iyIw dh lquks] le>ks] tkxks4 ekjok\L ds ckg
j fudyks4 ;g H; dk ujd fdlh lkj dk ugC g,4 bl H; vk,j yksH ds chp
D;k feyk g,` D;k feysxk`
fGj rqe iwNrs gks A 8;g tkurs gqS Hh fd lalkj vk,j eks{ Sd lkF ugC l/rs
] mldk jl nksukX eX g,49
le>ks4 igyh ckr A jl rks Sd gh g,4 nqfu;k eX nks jl ugC gT4 jlks o, lA4 o
g ijek®ek jlWi g,4 lalkj eX Hh rqe mls gh [kst jgs gks4 lalkj mlh dks [ks
tus dh xyr fn'k g,4 t,ls unh rks ifæpe eX g, vk,j rqe iwjc tk jgs gks3unh
dh ryk' eX4 tk jgs gks unh dh ryk' eX4 rqégkjh ryk' eX dksB Hwy7pwd ug
C g,4 rqégkjh fn'k tWj xyr g,4 vkdka{k rqégkjh fc¥dqy nqQ¬r g,4 exj unh
rqégX feysxh ugC] D;kXfd unh ogka g, ugC4 lalkj eX Hh vkneh mlh dks [kst j
gk g,4 ;gh esjk fujarj rqe ls fuosnu g,4 vkneh dqN vk,j [kstrk gh ugC] vk
neh ijek®ek dks gh [kstrk g,4 vk,j dqN [kst gh ugC ldrk4 vk,j dqN [kstus
;ks≈; g, gh ugC4 ogh r\LG g,3uke dqN Hh j[ks] fn'k dksB Hh id\Lks6 ysfdu
ge lc ijekuan dks [kst jgs gT] lfπpnkuan dks [kst jgs gT4 Hxoku dgks] Bæ
oj dgks] cz‰k dgks4 u nsuk gks uke] eks{ fuokZ< dgks4 dqN Hh uke u nsuk gks
] rks vkuan gh dgks pyks4 vkuan 'çn Ohd g,4 exj gj vkneh vkuan gh [kst
jgk g,4
fGj] nks rjg ds yksx gT4 Sd] tks xyr fn'k eX [kst jgs gT vk,j dHh u ikSaxs
4 [kst7[kst dj FdXxs] IwIXxs] ejXxs] l\LXxs3vk,j dHh u ikSaxs4 vk,j dqN yksx]
tks Ohd fn'k eX [kst jgs gT4 vk,j etk Sslk g, fd Ohd fn'k eX eq\Lrs gh fey
u gks tkrk g,4
Sslk le>ks fd Sd vkneh lwjt dh rjG ihO djds Hkxk tk jgk g,4 lwjt dh
[kst eX lwjt dh rjG ihO fdS Hkxk tk jgk g,4 ugC fey jgk g, lwjt] rks
vk,j rsth ls nk,\L jgk g,4 lksprk g,A 'k;n vk,j rsth ls nk,\Lus ls feysxk4 ;g g
ekjk rdZ gksrk g,4 tc dksB pht ugC feyrh rks ge rsth ls nk,\Lrs gT] ¬ihL c\
Pkrs gT] xfr c\Pkrs gT4 [wc rsth ls nk,\Lrk tk jgk g,4 ia[ yxk fyS gT] m\L jg
k g,4 exj lwjt dh rjG ihO g,] lwjt ugC feysxk4 vk,j ftl fnu mldks ;g
le> eX vk tkSxk] ml fnu yk,Irs gh eq\L dj [\Lk gksxk3vk,j lwjt lkeus g,4
eq\Lrs gh lwjt lkeus g,4
;gh 8iyIw9 'çn dk vFZ g, A yk,I i\Luk4 xqQ us mudks blhfyS 8iyIwnkl9 dgk
4 of<d Fs] lalkj eX Lwcs Fs4 xqQ dk cks/ lqudj mügX le> vk x;h] iyI i\Ls
rks iyIwnkl dgk4 Sd {< eX iyI i\Ls4 fgéeroj jgs gkXxs4 nqdkunkj Fs] ysf
du nqdkunkj gksuk mudh vk®ek eX izfo‘I ugC gks x;k Fk4 vk®ek vHh Hh tq
vkjh dh Fh] fgéeroj dh Fh] {f_; dh Fh] ;ks0k dh Fh4 lquh ckr] le>h
ckr] yk,I i\Ls4 Sd {< eX yk,I i\Ls4

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t,u 'k¬_kX eX m¥ys[ g, A Sd ;qod egkohj ds opu lqudj ?j yk,Ik4 iqjkus fn
u dh dgkuh g,6 vc rks Sslk gksrk ugC4 rks mldh i®uh mcIu yxkdj mls ¬u
kukxkj eX ¬uku djok jgh g,4 mlds 'jhj ij ekfy' dj jgh g,] mcIu yxk
jgh g,] mls ¬uku djok jgh g,4 og u≈u c,Ok g,] ¬uku dj jgk g,4 mldh i®uh
ckr Hh djrh tkrh g,4 og dgrh g, fd egkohj dks lquus xS Fs] esjs HkB H
h mügX lqurs gT6 esjs HkB mueX c\Lk jl ysrs gT] c\Lk l®lax djrs gT4 bruk gh
ugC mügkXus ;g Hh r; dj j[k g, fd dHh u dHh Sd fnu os laü;kl dh nh{
k yXxs4
og ;qod ¬uku djrs7djrs galus yxk4 mldh i®uh us dgk A vki gals D;kX` v
pkud vki gals D;kX` D;k ckr vk x;h`
mlus dgk A eT galk blfyS fd vxj egkohj dh ckr tap x;h g, rks dHh~ ~ ~
2 dHh dk D;k loky g,` vHh D;kX ugC` dHh dh ckr dk rks eryc ;g gks
rk g,A rsjk HkB {f_; ugC g,4 eT rks ;gh lksprk Fk] rw {f_; ?j ls vkrh g,]
{_k<h g,4 rsjk HkB {f_; ugC g,`
og Ssls etkd gh eX ckr py jgh Fh] exj fcx\L x;h ckr4 dHh7dHh etkd
V[p tkrk g, yack4 i®uh us dgk A rqe dgrs D;k gks` rks rqe D;k le>rs gks
rqe {f_; gks`
og mO [\Lk gqvk4 njoktk [ksydj ckgj fudyus yxk4 mldh i®uh us dgkA
dgka tkrs gks` u≈u dgka tkrs gks`
mlus dgk A ckr [®e gks x;h4
{f_; dks Ns\L fn;k4 og rks ckgj gh fudy x;k4 mlus dgk A eT laü;¬r gks x
;k2 ckr [®e gks x;h4 u≈u gwa gh] vc Ssls gh pyk tkMaxk egkohj ds ikl4
egkohj rks u≈u jgrs gh Fs4 i®uh fp¥ykus yxh4 ?j Hj ds yksx bdØs gks xS]
i\Lk,l ds yksx bdØs gks xS4 mügkXus dgk A etkd dks bruk vkxs ugC [Cprs4
mlus dgk A ckr gh [®e gks x;h4 {f_; ls etkd djrs gh ugC4 ckr tap gh
x;h eq>s] fd eT ~ ~ ~ vkf[j eq>s Hh rks egkohj dh ckr taph g,4 ;g i®uh
us eq>s ;kn fnyk nh] eT mldk /ü;oknh gwa4 ckr tap x;h] fGj dj ysuh g,] f
Gj nkao ij yxk nsuk g,4
fGj og laü;¬r gh gks x;k4 fGj og fnxacj eqfu gks x;k4 ;g dFk eq>s izhfrd
j yxrh g,4 fgéer] lkgl] nq¬lkgl3\tjk7lh fpuxkjh ls iznhîr gks tkrk g,4 e
tkd dh ckr Hh dHh xgjh gks tkrh g,] lkgl gks rks4 vk,j ugC rks ln.xqQ rqé
gkjs flj ij LaLs ekjrk jgs] ekjrk jgs3vk,j rqe >idh [krs jgksxs vk,j lksS j
gksxs4
8;g tkurs gqS Hh fd lalkj vk,j eks{ nksukX Sd lkF ugC l/rs] mldk jl nks
ukX eX g,49

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nks rks gT gh ugC] blfyS nks eX ls rks jl gks gh ugC ldrk4 og Hzkafr Nks\L nks
4 esjk lkjk f'{< ;gh g, fd Sd gh g,4 gka] mldks ikus dk Ohd Pax g, vk,j
mldks [ksus dk Hh Sd gh Pax g,4 ijek®ek dks [ksus dk Ohd Pax3lalkj4 vk,j
ijek®ek dks ikus dk Ohd Pax3laü;kl4 ijek®ek dks [ksuk gks rks my>s jgks {q–
ckrkX eX] gtkj ckrkX eX] nks dk,\Lh dh ckrkX eX my>kS jgks vius eu dks6 Hkxs
jgks3;gka ls ogka] bl yksH ls ml yksH eX] bl in] ml vkdka{k eX] vgadkj
dh ekuks4
vxj ijek®ek ls cpuk g, rks vgadkj lqfufæpr rjdhc g,4 dHh ugC /ks[k [k
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r t,lk g,4
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uD's7jfgr vf¬r®o eX izos' djus2 dk,u Nks\Lrk g, lqj{k2
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gj dk,u viuk g,2 lc vtuch gT4 dk,u /ks[k ns tkS] fdldks irk g,2
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tkus7ekus Pax4 lc lqjf{r] lc ø;of¬Fr4 dksB [rjk ugC] dksB H; ugC4 ?we
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ds vkæp;Z dks [ksrs gh ugC6 rqe lnk ;qok cus jgrs gks6 rqégkjh vka[X lnk ry
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lqj{k dh ugC3pquk,rh dh4 dksB pquk,rh vkS4 dksB dfOukB mOs4 D;kXfd dfOuk
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pyk tkrk gwa galrk [syrk ek,t7S7gokfnl ls
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g laü;klh dk Hko g,4
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;s tks rwGku mOrs gT] ;s tks va/\L vkrs gT] ;g tks lkxj eX c\Lh gypy gks tk
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ratfy us dgk g, A lq"qfîr vk,j lekf/ dqN7dqN Sd t,ls gT4 xgjh uCn vk,j le
kf/ dqN7dqN Sd t,ls gT4 tgka ¬oîu Hh [ks tkrk g,] og lekf/ t,lk gh g,4 D;
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j ls tüe gqvk2 vk,j tc fdlh jkr Sslk ugC gks ikrk vk,j lius viuh Hh\L e
pkS j[rs gT vk,j rqégkjs pkjkX rjG mNyrs7dwnrs gh jgrs gT] mudh canjkX t,lh
tekr rqégX jkrHj ugC Nks\Lrh3ml lqcg rqe Fds7ekans mOrs gks3mlls Hh †;k
nk Fds7ekans] ftrus rqe rc Fs tc rqe fc¬rj ij lksus xS Fs4 D;k gqvk` lek
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kn uCn eX fey tkrk] og Hh u feyk4
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nckuk i\Lrk g, tehu ds va/dkj eX4 tgka jkr gks tkrh g,] va/sjk gks tkrk g,3
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gksrk g,4
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eX H; †;knk yxrk g,4 ;gh txg] ;gh ¬Fku] vxj jks'uh g,] rqe de H;Hh
r6 vk,j va/sjk gks tkS] rks rqe †;knk H;Hhr4 vdsys Hh gks] nh;k tyrk gks
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fn[k;h ugC i\Lrk3D;k D;k g,` va/sjs eX dqN fn[k;h ugC i\Lrk3dk,u7dk,u g,`
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va/sjs eX lhekvkX dk tks Hsn g, og foyhu gks tkrk g,4 va/sjs eX lc phtX vlh
e eX yhu gks tkrh gT] lhekSa [ks tkrh gT4 ?c\LkgI i,nk gksrh g,4
va/dkj ls tks nks¬rh cukus eX leFZ g,3ogh laü;klh4
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dh ryk'29
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gwa fd jks'uh mldh ugC g,4 lc mldk g,4 jks'uh Hh mldh g,4 ysfdu vkneh
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vk4 dqN yksx blfyS laü;kl ysrs gT vk,j lalkj Nks\Lrs gT fd lalkj eX lq[ g,]
ij {<Haxqj4 p[ fy;k4 ftruk lalkj eX fey ldrk Fk] tku fy;k4 mrus ls
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L tkrh g,] lalkj ds jsfx¬rku eX Hh dHh7dHh o"kZ gksrh g,3†;knk ugC] bap7nks
7bap] dHh7dHh cwankckanh gks tkrh g,3ysfdu mu cwankX ls Sd ckr le> eX vk
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gT4 vk,j vxj Sdk/ cwan fxj ldrh g,] rks fGj dgC ty ds v[aL Ûksr Hh gkX
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ds Nks\Lus eX c\Lh grk'k gksxh4 ;g Nks\Ldj izlUfpR ugC gksxk4 nqA[ dks Nks\Ld
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Haxqj g,4 ;gka lq[ rks g,] ysfdu cl cwankckanh gksrh g,4 vc cwankckanh eX dc rd
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ny mOdj vkrs gT] tgka ls ;g cwankckanh vkrh g,3ml lkxj dh [kst eX fudyX4
rks HDr c\Lh vk¬Fk ls tkrk g,4 Kkuh c\Lh fujk'k ls tkrk g,4 Kkuh lksprk g,A
gks u gks] Hxoku g, ;k ugC2 lalkj rks ns[ fy;k] ø;FZ ik;k6 vc ns[ yX] ;g
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gh jgrk g,4 HDr c\Lh vk¬Fk ls tkrk g,4 og dgrk g, A bl lalkj eX Hh Fk4
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<Hj dks4 rkth gok vk;h Fh4 dHh7dHh lqokl uklkiqIkX eX Hj x;h Fh4 Hxok
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g,4 vc ;g Sd Ssls xqykc dh ryk' eX fudyk g,] tgka Gwy gh Gwy f[yrs g
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dh [kst eX GdZ gksxk4 ogh iyIw dg jgs gTA
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ky ugC g,] ftruk ijek®ek dks [kstuk g,4 lalkj ds izfr fojfDr g,] Sslk ugC
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dgC gksxh4 rqeus fjdkLZ lquk] vc rqe laxhrK dh [kst eX pys4 rqégkjs i,jkX eX
cy gksxk4
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ge nq¥gk cus vk,j nq¥gfu;k dh [kst eX fudys4
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eX ns[h Fh] exj nq¥gu g,4 mlds gksus eX dksB jRh Hj lansg ugC g,4 mldk gks
uk lqfufæpr g,4 mldk gksuk bruk lqfufæpr g, fd HDr vius dks xaokus dks r,
;kj g,3mls ikus dks4 mldk gksuk vius gksus ls †;knk lqfufæpr g,4 ;g thou d
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d,ls gksxk2 ;s lc loky mOXxs gh A lq[h vkneh bruk nqA[h lalkj cukrk g,` f
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mOrh vkrh g,] nqA[ ij nqA[ yxrk tkrk g,4 ;gka dHh lq[ dh Sd fdj< fn
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gksxk4 mlds o,jk≈; eX ijek®ek dk vuqjkx ugC g,4 mlds o,jk≈; eX flGZ lalkj
dh mis{k] lalkj dk fu"s/ g,4 mlds o,jk≈; eX flGZ lalkj dk fojks/ g,4 lalkj
ds izfr }s" g, mlds o,jk≈; eX6 ijek®ek ds izfr izse ugC4
ijek®ek ds izfr izse rks rHh laHo g, tc lalkj dks Hh rqeus lgt Hko ls ¬oh
dkj fd;k gks] vaxhdkj fd;k gks6 bleX Hh dqN Gwy feys gkX4 ugC pyks Gwy rks
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u pywaxk6 vc esjh vka[X [qy x;h gT4 cl bruk gh GdZ g,4
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uk ns[k Fk4 Sd eksg dh ra–k id\L x;h Fh4 esjs7rsjs dk Hko id\L x;k Fk4 eT
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liuk g,4 lius eX ;kn gh ugC vkrh fd ;g liuk g,4 lius eX yxrk g, fd ;gh
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kuh gksrh g,] Hjkslk ugC vkrk fd eT Hh d,lk ew\P] jkr liuk ns[k vk,j eku f
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dj gals gks] viuh ew\Prk dks ik;k g,] r; fd;k g, fd vc nqckjk Sslh Hwy u g
ksxh3vk,j fGj jkr lksvksxs] vk,j fGj liuk lp gks tkSxk4 uCn eX lius lp e
kywe gksus yxrs gT4
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lk,Ih g,4 tkxj< eX] lkj7vlkj dk ¬i‘I Hsn gks tkrk g,4 dqN djuk ugC i\Lrk
6 tkxs gqS vkneh dks lh/k fn[k;h i\Lus yxrk g, fd D;k g, vk,j D;k ugC g,4
tks ugC g,] og vius7vki frjksfgr gks tkrk g,6 vk,j tks g,] ogh 's" jg tkrk
g,4
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fer bπNkSa gT] v/wjh viwfjr r1‘<kSa gT3os G,y tkrh gT4 og rks liuk curh gT
4 rqeus fnu eX miokl fd;k] jkr Hkstu djus yxs lius eX4 fnuHj nck;k Fk
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;g liuk i,nk d,ls gks jgk g,` igyh rks uCn tWjh g,4 nwljh dksB nfer okluk
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nks ckrX fey tkSa rks liuk i,nk gks tkSxk4 ;g lius dk ;a_ g, A nch gqB okl
uk] v/wjh okluk] viwfjr okluk vk,j ra–k] csgks'h4
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g,4

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can djus dk dksB eryc ugC g,4
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?j yk,Ius dk] ugC rks ?j ugC yk,I ikvksxs4 t,ls gh pkj fn[k;h i\LX] t¥nh
ls can djds vius ?j pys tkuk] rkfd ?j igqap tkvks lqjf{r] fc¬rj eX ysI
tkvks] ugC rks fdlh ukyh eX i\Ls jgksxs4
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gT4 vc Fks\Lh vk,j ihSxk rks pkj fn[k;h i\LXxs4 Fks\Lh vk,j ih ysxk rks vkO Hh
fn[k;h i\Lus yxXxs4 vk,j vkneh dh txg Vlg vk,j Hkyw fn[k;h i\L ldrs gT]
gkFh vk,j ?ks\Ls fn[k;h i\L ldrs gT4
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lh us iwNkA bleX D;k g,` rks mlus dgk A bleX Sd usoyk yk;k gwa id\Ldj4 8
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d tc eT 'jkc ih ysrk gwa †;knk rks eq>s lkai fn[k;h i\Lrs gT4 rks usoys dks d
ejs eX j[waxk4 ;g fuiI ysxk lkaikX ls4 dgrs gT u fd usoyk rks lkai dks Iqd\Ls7Iq
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gh gksrs gT] os >wO gksrs gT4 eq¥yk galk vk,j cksyk A rqe D;k le>rs gks] bl eX
usoyk lp g,` [kyh Iksdjh] flGZ [;ky4
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ks rks le>ks fd rqe ewfπNZr gks4 jkr rqégX liuk fn[k;h i\Lrk g,] ;g lcwr g, f
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uk fn[k;h i\Lrk g,] fnu eX og dksB nwljk Fks\Ls gh gks tkSxk4 g, rks ogh dk o
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g,4
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h vkneh gT4 f¬_;ka f¬_;ka gT4 i®Fj i®Fj gT4 ufn;ka ufn;ka gT4 tks t,lk g, o,lk
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j Sslh Hh dksB vkdka{k ugC g, fd fey tkS rks esjk nqHkZ≈; gksxk] blfyS dks
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kgkjh cuk fy;k Fk4 'kdkgkjh cuuk i\Lk Fk Vlg dks6 cpiu ls mls ekal feyk
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[kst gksxh rks ;g ik;k tkSxk fd ;g tks dyxh g, eqx∆ ds Mij] ;g izÎfr us
ugC nh g,] eqx∆ us i,nk dh gksxh] [ksth gksxh4 vkneh dks Vprk yxh jgrh g,4 m
ls ¬_h ls †;knk lqanj gksuk pkfgS4 mls dqN u dqN ifjiwjd djuk i\Lrk g,4 dq
N [kstuk i\Lrk g,4
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k] ew√r cukrk] laxhr dk fuekZ< djrk] foKku dh [kst djrk] pkan7rkjkX ij
tkrk3bu lcds ihNs Sd gh na' g, fd og cπps i,nk ugC dj ldrk4 ¬_h ls g
kjk gqvk g,4 ¬_h tüe ns ikrh g, thoar cπps dks4 vk,j ;g iqQ" dks dkIrk g,4
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Sd dke ¬_h dj ysrh g,] tks og ugC dj ikrk A thou dks tüe ns ysrh g,4
vk,j bldk gh nwljk vax g, A blfyS f¬_;ka dfork b®;kfn ugC fy[rC] ew√r
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dk mi;ksx djus yxC] rks iqQ" us Nks\L fn;k4 og Hh mlds vgadkj dks ugC l
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ugC g,4
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js yqI tkrk g,4
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8iyIw th;r ru ®;kfx fn;k
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l thou dh dksB id\L ugC g,4 vc rks lkjh MtkZ mlh dh rjG tk jgh g,4 v
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Hq dks ikuk g,6 vk,j lalkj dks Hh ikus eX yxs jgrs gks2 dgrs gks izHq dh rjG
gh lkjk thou cg jgk g,6 fGj Hh lalkj ij id\L cuh jgrh g,] id\L ugC Nw
Irh2

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kSa vk,j lkjh vk'kSa vk,j lkjh r1‘<kSa vk,j lkjh pkgr Sd izcy /kj cu tk
rh g, osxoku vk,j ijek®ek dh rjG cgus yxrh g,] rHh feyu g,4 Ssls [aL7[a
L jgksxs] Sd gkF ;gka tk jgk g,] Sd gkF ogka tk jgk g,] Sd /kj ;gka cg
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y tkvksxs4
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vtgw psr xaokj
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] mruh gh ekax c\Prh x;h4 ftruk pkgk] mruh gh pkg izxk\P gksrh x;h4 ;gka
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g,4 rks rqégkjs Hhrj vHh J0k dh ije ?Iuk ugC ?Ih4 tc J0k dh ije ?
Iuk ?Irh g, rks lkgc dkGh g,4 og nsusokyk3vkf[jh nsusokyk3fey x;k4 ftl
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eX lc g,4
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rh g,6 ns[ks †;knk nsj ugC g,] Fks\Lk vk,j nqA[ ijh{k g,] yksx dgrs gT] rkfd nqA
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[ vkS fd lq[] nksukX dks ijh{k tkuuk4 lq[ Hh ijh{k g,3vk,j esjs fglkc ls
nqA[ ls c\Lh ijh{k g,4 D;kXfd nqA[ dks rks dksB id\Luk ugC pkgrk6 lq[ dks yks
x id\Luk pkgrs gT4 blfyS lq[ ijh{k g,4 vk,j tc rqe lq[ dks Hh id\Lrs u
gC] rqe ijek®ek dh /qu eX yhu gh jgrs gks] rqe lq[ ls dgrs gks rw viuh jk
g ij vk vk,j tk] Ssls lq[ vkrs7tkrs jgrs gT] eq>s vc jl ugC g,~~~4 tc dksB
xkyh ns] rc 'kar jg tkuk bruk dfOu ugC g,3ftruk rc dfOu g, tc dksB
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k x;k g, fd xkyh dksB ns] 'kar jguk] vius ij la;e j[uk] ;g l†tu dk y
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lh us ugC dgk g, fd 'kar jguk4 D;kXfd 'kar jgus dh ckr rks blhfyS dgh
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k7Glkn u gks tkS3rks lkekftd ø;o¬Fk fcx\Lrh g,6 blfyS xkyh dksB ns rks
'kar jguk4 ;g lkekftd f'{< g,4
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d6 dkaIs dksB iguk x;k rks Ohd4 rqe nksukX gkyr eX o,ls ds o,ls jguk t,ls bl
?Iuk ds igys Fs3Gwy p\Pkus ds igys] dkaIs p\Pkus ds igys6 xkyh ds igys] ¬rqf
r ds igys4 rqe t,ls Fs mleX dqN Hsn u vkS4 rqe larqfyr jguk4 rqe fFj jg
uk4
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vtgw psr xaokj
rqe rks Sd gh ckr djuk3ml izHq ds jl eX gh yhu jguk4 /hjs7/hjs u nqA[
vkSaxs] u lq[ vkSaxs4 Sd fnu rqe ikvksxs A vc dksB Hh ugC vkrk6 flGZ ije
k®ek vkrk g,4 vc rqégkjs njokts vk,j dksB vkrk gh ugC6 flGZ ijek®ek gh vk
rk g,4 izfriy fur uS Wi eX vkrk g,4 exj ijek®ek gh vkrk g,4
8?j ?j ls pqIdh ekafx ds] th
Nq/k dks pkjk Lkfj nht,49
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8?j7?j ls pqIdh ekafx ds] th
{q/k dks pkjk Lkfj nht,4
8GwIk Sd rqack ikl jk[k,
vksOu dks pknj Sd yht,449
iyIw dgrs gT A bruk dkGh g,3Sd pknj gks vks\Pus dks] Sd GwIk rqack gks ikl4
nks jksIh dh tc Hw[ yxs rks fdlh ls Hh ekax ysuk] dksB Hh ns nsxk4
8gkI ckI egftr eX lksS jgks49
fGj cktkj gks] eafnj gks fd ef¬tn] fGj dgC Hh lksS jgks4
8gkI ckI egftr eX lks; jgks
fnu jkr lrlax dk jl iht,49
ij Sd ckr [;ky j[uk fd l®lax dk jl pyrk jgs4 ;s rks xk,< ckrX gT4 nks
jksIh fdlh ls Hh ekax ysuk vk,j Lky nsuk isI eX] Hw[ feIk nsuk4 pknj vks\P
ysuk dksB Hh] 'jhj dh lqj{k gks tkSxh4 lksus dks iwNrs gks rks dgC ef¬tn eX
gh lks tkuk] fd gkI7cktkj eX lks tkuk4 bu NksIs7ls dkekX ds fyS lkjs thou
dks lay≈u djus dh tWjr ugC g,4 ;g dke brus egÂoiw<Z ugC4
yksx D;k djrs gT` yksx lkjk thou Sd gh ckr eX yxkrs gT fd d,ls edku c
ukSa] d,ls nqdku yxkSa4 vk,j vk[hj eX djrs D;k gks` vk[hj eX Sd pknj vks\
Pdj jkr lks jgrs gks4 nks jksIh isI eX Lky dj {q/k feI tkrh g,4 fGj pkgs rq
e lksus ds ik_ eX ikuh fi;ks ;k Sd GwIs rqacs eX] u rks rqacs ls ikuh vk,j î;kl

vtgw psr xaokj
dk dksB laca/ g,] u lksus dk ikuh vk,j î;kl ls dksB laca/ g,4 î;kl dk laca/ r
ks ikuh ls g,4 vc ikuh rqacs eX g, fd lksus ds ik_ eX] D;k GdZ i\Lrk g,2 ysfdu
yksx ikuh dh de fG∂ djrs gT] lksus ds ik_ dh †;knk fG∂4 thou yxk nsrs
gT4 î;kls] Hw[s nk,\Lrs jgrs gT fd lksus dk ik_ pkfgS4 lksus dk ik_ feysxk] rc
mudh î;kl cq>sxh4 vc] lksus ds ik_ ls î;kl ds cq>us dk laca/ D;k g,` î;kl
ikuh ls cq>rh g,4 Sd GwIk rqack dkGh g,4
iyIw ;g dg jgs gT fd thou eX tks tWjh g,] mls iwjk dj ysuk4 exj tWjr
ds ihNs nhokus gksdj lnk er nk,\Lrs jguk4 dgC Sslk u gks fd ijek®ek dks fc
lkj gh nks4 rqacs dks lksus dk ik_ cukuk g,4 Nîij ij pkanh dh N\LX yxkuk g,4
o¬_kX eX ghjs7tokgjkr Ikadus gT4~ ~ ~ rks rqe eryc dh ckr gh Hwy xS4 rqe
vlyh ckr gh Hwy xS fd o¬_ ru dks Pkadus dks gT6 Nîij o"kZ /wi ls cpk ys
us dks g,4
rqe vius thou eX >kaduk4 rqégkjs thou eX vdlj ;gh gksrk g, fd vlkj ds f
yS rqe †;knk 'fDr yxkS j[rs gks4 lkj ij dksB 'fDr yxrh gh ugC4 fGj
vxj thou eX fo"kn vkrk g, rks dk,u tqéesokj g,2
8vks\Pu dks pknj Sd yht,]
{q/k dks pkjk Lkfj nht,49
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mldh ryk' djks4 ogh g, lksuk4 l®lax g, lksuk4 mldh ryk' djks4 tgka dksB
tkx x;k gks] mldh [kst djks4 tgka ok<h izHq dh cjlrh gks] mu pj<kX dks
xgks4 tgka ml î;kjs dk uke pyrk gks] tgka ml î;kjs dh dFk gksrh gks] tgka
pkj nhokus c,Odj xquxqukrs gkX] tgka pkj e¬r ukprs gkX izHq ds jl eX Lwcdj3
ogka [kstks4 ogka tkvks4 D;kXfd varrA mlh ls vlyh {q/k feIsxh] vlyh î;kl
cq>sxh4 vk,j mlh ls vlyh pknj feysxh] ftldks rku dj rqe lnk ds fyS fo
Jke eX Lwc tkvksxs4 fxjg gekjk lqU eX vugn eX foljke2
8iyIw mnkl jgk, tDr lsrh]
ifgys o,jkx ;gh Hkafr dht,49
iyIw dgrs gT A o,jk≈; dk igyk dne g, fd lalkj eX vc vk'k ugC jgh4 ns[
fy;k6 tks feyrk Fk fey x;k] tku fy;k] igpku fy;k4 vc vk'k lalkj dh
rjG ugC cgrh g,4 Sd ckr lkG gks x;h fd ;gka dqN7dqN fey ldrk g,] ysf
du dqN7dqN ls eu ugC Hjrk4 ;gka {<Haxqj fey ldrk g,] ysfdu {<Haxqj

vtgw psr xaokj
ls r1fîr ugC gksrh4 ;gka lius feyrs gT] Nk;kSa fcdrh gT] izfrVcc fcdrs gT6 ys
fdu vlyh dk irk ugC pyrk4
lalkj Ssls g, t,ls pkan >hy eX izfrVcc cukrk g,4 lqanj yxrk g,4 vxj >hy ds
fdukjs c,Odj ns[rs jgks rks c\Lk lqanj yxrk g, pkan4 fGj vxj mrj tkvks >
hy eX vk,j Lqcdh ekjks pkan dks id\Lus] rks eqfædy eX i\Lksxs4 vk,j Sslk Hh ugC
g, fd og tks >hy eX pkan fn[k;h i\Lrk g,] mldk vlyh pkan ls dksB laca/
ugC g,3vlyh pkan ls laca/ g,4 vlyh pkan ds fcuk og izfrVcc cu gh ugC l
drk4
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pkan dh ped g,4 vk,j tc fdlh iqQ" dh vka[kX eX rqégX vkst fn[k;h i\Lk g, r
ks og vlyh pkan dh >hy eX i\Lh gqB ped g,4 tc fdlh dh ok<h eX rqégX l®
; dk ¬oj ekywe i\Lk g, rks og pkan dh ikuh eX i\Lh >yd g,4 >yd dks le>
dj pkan dh [kst eX fudyks4 Lqcdh yxkdj >hy eX Lwcus ls pkan u feysxk4
pkan feyuk rks nwj] og tks pkan dk izfrVcc cu jgk Fk] og Hh [ks tkSxk4 Lq
cdh ekjksxs rks ikuh fgy tkSxk] lc x\Lc\L gks tkSxk4
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h ekj jgs gT4 c\Lk v˙;kl djrs gT Lqcdh ekjus dk4 uhps tkdj dqN ugC ikrs
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ksds gqS >hykX eX pys tk jgs gT4 izk< ladI eX i\Ls gT4 exj lksprs gT fd 'k;n
Fks\Lk vk,j [kst yX] dgC pkan i\Lk gks4 og pkan tks pedrk gqvk fn[k;h i\Lk F
k fdukjs ls] og pkan dgC g,4 ysfdu og pkan >hy eX ugC g,4
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fGygky ;g nqvk g, utj ls utj feys4

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vHh rks vka[ fey tkS rks cgqr4 vHh rks {<Hj dks vka[ ls vka[ fey tkS
rks cgqr4 fGj vka[ ls vka[ fey x;h rks fny ls fny Hh feysxk4 †;knk nwj u
gC g,4 fny vka[ ds cgqr ikl g,4 fny vka[ ls tq\Lk g,4
blfyS rks lk/kj<rA ge vtufc;kX ls vka[ ugC feykrs4 vtuch ls ge fny
gh ugC feykuk pkgrs rks vka[ D;kX feykSaxs2 vka[ ls vka[ rks ge mlh ls fe
ykrs gT ftlls xgjk izse gks3 mlh dh vka[ eX >kadrs gT4 D;kXfd vka[ ds Ohd
ihNs Ôn; g,4 vxj nks vka[X 'kar Hko ls fey tkSa rks nksukX Ôn;kX ds }kj [qy
tkrs gT4 og vxyk dne g,4
8fnu7jkr lrlax dk jl iht,49
D;k g, l®lax dk jl` l®lax dk jl g,A tgka c,Odj ml ije î;kjs dh ;kn vk
S] lgt vkS4 tgka vk,j nwljh ckr gh u pyrh gks4 tgka dh gok eX mlh dk
xq<xku gks4 tgka mlh dh fojg dh ckrX gksrh gkX4 tgka nhokus jksrs gkX4 tgka yks
x mlh dh e¬rh eX Lksyrs gkX4
l®lax dk vFZ g,A fojg dh jkf_4 vdsys eX rqe Hwy tkvks] Hwy tkus dh laHko
uk g,4 tüekX7tüekX ls lksS jgs gks] vdsys eX 'k;n lks tkvks4 lax lkF eX lks u
ikvksxs4 rqe lksvksxs rks dksB nwljk tkxsxk4 dksB nwljk tkxsxk rks rqégX txkS j
[sxk4 og nwljk lksus yxsxk rks rqe tkxksxs] rqe mls txkS j[ksxs4 Ssls tkxrs7t
kxrs ;g fojg dh jkr xqtj tkS4 fGj ftl fnu ijek®ek ls feyu gksrk g,]
ml fnu irk pyrk g, fd os fojg dh jkrX Hh c\Lh vn.Hqr FC] c\Lh î;kjh FC4
yk,Idj ns[us ij irk pyrk g,] D;kXfd mudh fojg dh jkrkX eX ;|fi ijek®
ek ugC Fk] ysfdu ijek®ek dh ;kn rks Fh2 ijek®ek nwj jgk gks] ysfdu Ôn;
rks mlh ds fyS iqdkjrk Fk4 t,ls pkrd iqdkjrk] ¬okrh dh cwan ds fyS izrh
{k djrk4 t,ls iihgk fp¥ykrk3ih dgka] ih dgka] ih dgka2
rsjs fGjkd dh jkrX dHh u HwyXxh
ets feys bügC jkrkX eX mez Hj ds eq>s4
exj ;g yk,Idj gh irk pyrk g, tc fGjkd dh jkr gksrh g,] tc fojg dh
jkr gksrh g,] rc rks vkalw gh cgrs gT4 ;g rks yk,Idj irk pyrk g, fd rsjh ;
kn eX Hh tks fnu xqtjs] os Hh c\Ls î;kjs Fs4 rsjh ;kn eX xqtjs] rks î;kjs gh Fs2
rq>s ftu fnukX ;kn u fd;k] os gh fnu csdkj xS4 tc rq>s Hwys jgs] os gh fnu
csdkj xS4 dHh /u eX Hwys] dHh in eX Hwys] dHh dqN vk,j eX Hwys3tks fnu
rsjh ;kn eX u xqtjs os csdkj xS4 tks rsjs jksus eX chrs] tc rsjs fyS vkalw fxjs
vk,j tc Ôn; rsjs fyS tkj7tkj gqvk~ ~ ~4

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ets feys bügC jkrkX eX mez Hj ds eq>s4
8tc eT ukgC rc og vk;k]
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nfj;ko vk,j ygj rks nks; ukgC4
lek vk,j jks'uh dk,u Nku,4
iyIw Hxoku dh xfr ü;kjh]
Hxoku dh xfr Hxoku tku,449
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le>ks A 8tc eT ukgC rc og vk;k49
tc eT7Hko tkrk g, rHh og vkrk g,4 vly eX ;g dguk Ohd ugC fd og vk
rk g,4 eT7Hko ds dkj< fNik i\Lk jgrk g,6 eT7Hko x;k fd izdI gks tkrk g,4
eT7Hko Ssls gh g,] t,ls cht ij p\Ph [ksy4 [ksy IwIrh g, rks cht mexus yxrk
g,4 eT7Hko ds tkusij og vkrk g,] ;g rks dguk i\Lrk g, Hk"k eX4 ;g Hk"k
dh etcwjh g,4 dgka mldk vkuk] dgka mldk tkuk2 dgka vkSxk] dgka ls vkSx
k] dgka tkSxk` lc txg ogh g,4 cl og g,6 vk,j rks dqN Hh ugC g,4 rqégkjs
Hhrj Hh ogh c,Ok g,3bl {< Hh og c,Ok g,4 exj rqégkjk eT7Hko vka[kX eX p\
Pk g,4 rqe eT ds in eX Lwcs gks4 rqe dgrs gks A eT] eT] eT2 bl eT dh xqgkj ds
dkj< tks rqégkjs Hhrj i\Lk g,] fn[k;h ugC i\Lrk4 bl eT dh /qa/ eX [ks x;k
g,4 lwjt rks fudyk g,] ysfdu eT ds cknykX eX [ks x;k g,4 feI ugC x;k4 vk,j
tc eT ds ckny pys tkSaxs rks dgC ls vkSxk Hh ugC] Fk gh4
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krk6 u vk ldrk u tk ldrk4 mlds vfrfjDr dksB ¬Fku Hh ugC tgka pyk
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eT7Hko ckgj ns[rk g,4 eT7Hko cfgxkZeh g,4 D;kXfd eT dh r1fîr ckgj g,4 eT dh
vkdka{k ckgj g,4 eT dgrk g, A /u pkfgS] †;knk /u pkfgS2 ftruk †;knk
/u gksxk] mruk gh eT etcwr gks ldsxk4 xjhc dk eT d,ls etcwr gks`
ikl D;k g, mlds` vehj dk eT †;knk etcwr gks tkrk g,4
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eT7Hko dgrk g, A dqN [kstks4 dgC pyks4
eT7Hko eX egÂokdka{k fNih g,4 egÂokdka{k rks ckgj gh iwjh gksxh4 vk,j ckgj
Hh dgka iwjh gksrh g,6 cl iwjh gksrh yxrh g,] iwjh dHh ugC gksrh4 Sd txg i
gqaps] vkxs fn[k;h i\Lus yxrk g, fd ogka pyX] 'k;n ogka gks 4 Ssls nk,\Lrk vkn
eh e1x7ejhfpdk eX4 egÂokdka{k ;kuh e1x7ejhfpdk4 vk,j ftldh ryk' py
jgh g,] og Hhrj ek,twn g,4 d¬rwjh dqaLy cl,2 og tks Hkx jgk g, gfj<] ikx
y gksdj Hkx jgk g, d¬rwjk] mlds ukfH eX d¬rwjh i\Lh g,4 blhfyS rks mldk
uke d¬rwjk g,4 mldh ukfH eX d¬rwjh i\Lh g,4 mlh dh ukfH ls mOrh g, d¬rwj
h dh xa/4 mlh dh ukd ls mOrh g, d¬rwjh dh xa/4 mlh dh æokl ls mOrh g,
d¬rwjh dh xa/4 pkjkX rjG G,yrh g, og nhokuk gks tkrk g,4 og [kstrk g,3
dgka ls vk jgh g,] dgka ls vk jgh g,2 Hkxrk g,4
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Ok g,4 ftls rqe [kstus fudys gks] mls [kstus tkus dh tWjr gh ugC g,4 ftls
rqe [kstus fudys gks] og [kstusokys eX fNik g,4 rks tc rd ;g [kstus okyk
jgsxk vk,j [kst jgsxh] rc rd rqe mls u ik ldksxs4 tc rd ;g eT jgsxk] r
c rd rqe pwdrs pys tkvksxs4 ;g eT pqdkrk g,4
iyIw dgrs gT A esjh dk,u ekusxk2 iyIw dgrs gTA 8tc eT ukgC rc og vk;k49
eT] uk og] ;g dk,u ekus49
dk,u esjh ekusxk fd tc rd eT Fk] rc rd og ugC Fk6 vk,j vc og g, eT u
gC gwa4
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feyu gqvk4 ;g rks c\Lh fofp_ f¬Ffr gqB4 ge rks [kstus fudys Fs4 vxj ge
[ks gh xS rks Gk;nk Hh D;k2
cq0 ls yksx vkdj ckj7ckj iwNrs Fs fd vki dgrs gT ml ije n'k eX lc 'wü
; gks tkSxk] eT Hh 'wü; gks tkMaxk` cq0 dgrs A fufæpr gh ogka lc 'wü; gks
tkSxk] rqe Hh ugC jgksxs] ogka lUkIk gksxk4 rks yksx dgrs A fGj Ssls lUkIs
dks [kstus dh tWjr D;k2 ;g Hh vki vthc7lh ckr crkrs gT4 bldks gh [ks
tus eX thou yxkuk g,` vius dks xaokus ds fyS` blls rks ;gka D;k cqjs gT` dq
N rks gT2 cqjs Hys t,ls gT] gT rks2
vkneh dh thos"<k c\Lh xgjh g,4 vkneh dgrk g, A ujd eX Hh jg yXxs] exj
gksuk pkfgS4 de ls de cpwa4 ¬oxZ dh Hh vkdka{k ugC g,] vxj feI dj fe

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yrk gks4 vk,j v\Lpu ;gh g, ] xf<r ;gh g, thou dk A ;gka tks Hh feyrk g,]
feIdj feyrk g,4 tc rqe [ks tkrs gks4
exj le>uk] [ks tkus dk eryc ;g ugC gksrk fd rqe uk gh gks xS] udkj
gks xS4 ugC6 [ks tkus dk bruk gh vFZ gksrk g, A 'ksjxqy u jgk4 [ks tkus dk
bruk gh vFZ gksrk g,A vf¬r®o rks jgk] eT7Hko u jgk4 [ks tkus dk bruk gh
vFZ gksrk g, t,ls unh lkxj eX mrj tkrh g,] rks [ks Fks\Lh x;h g,4 g, rks vc H
h4 vc fojkI gks x;h4 vc lkxj ds lkF Sd gks x;h4
[ks tkus eX fojkI gks tkuk fNik g,4 NksIkiu [ks x;k4 lfjrk7iu [ks x;k] lkx
j7iu vk x;k4 vgadkj [ks tkrk g,] cz‰Hko vk tkrk g,4
ogh rks ealwj us dgk A 8 vuygd2 eT ijek®ek gwa49 ogh mifu"nkX us dgkA vga
cz‰kf¬e2 eT cz‰k gwa2
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dgus dh ckr g,4 cz‰ gwa eT] Sslk dgusokyk +f" dsoy bruk gh dg jgk g,A
vc eT ugC gwa] cz‰ g,4 og 8vuygd9 dg jgk g,4 ogh vuygd eX dgk x;k g,
4 l®; g,] gd g,] ijek®ek g,3eT ugC gwa4
ealwj dh ckr yksx le> u ikS4 lwyh ij p\Pk fn;k4 ealwj galrk gqvk ejk4 ea
lwj Fk gh ugC] ugC rks Vprk i,nk gksrh4 ealwj dks tc lwyh yxh rks ealwj us ;
gh dgk fd rqe ftls ekj jgs gks] og rks cgqr igys ej pqdk g,4 rqe fdls ekj
jgs gks` vk,j tks vc g, mls rks ekjk ugC tk ldrk4 og rks ve1r/ekZ g,4 ex
j dk,u lqus2 yksx cgjs gT4 vk,j yksx va/s gT4 vk,j yksx cgjs vk,j va/s gh gksrs
rks Hh Ohd Fk3yksx Ôn;ghu gT4
8tc eT ugC rc og vk;k]
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vk,j iyIw dgrs gT A esjh Hh c\Lh eqfædy g,4 yksx eq>ls iwNrs gT fd dqN dgks]
dqN le>kvks] gekjh le> eX ugC vkrkA vc eT d,ls le>kMa2 xwaxs us xq\L [k
fy;k4 xq\L rks eTus [k fy;k] ¬okn Hh eTus tku fy;k4 ysfdu tcku dgka g, tks
ml ¬okn dks dg ns2 'çn dgka gT tks ml fuA'çn dks cka/ ys2 Hk"k dgka g, t
ks ml vfuoZpuh; dks izdI djs2 tcku ugC g,4

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ijek®ek dks tkudj lHh xwaxs gks tkrs gT4 vk,j Sslk ugC fd os ugC cksyrs 3cks
yrs gT4 ysfdu tks Hh cksyrs gT] og cl djhc7djhc vkrk g,] ysfdu iwjk7iwjk
l®; ugC gksrk4 gks ugC ldrk4 Fks\Lh7Fks\Lh mleX >yd gks ldrh g,4 b'kjs2
†;knk ls †;knk D;k g, larkX dk dguk` lar us xq\L [k fy;k4 og e¬r gks jgk
g,4 og ml e/q7jl eX Lwc jgk g,4 og ukp jgk g,4 rqe mlls iwNrs gks fd dqN
dgks4 og dqN dgrk Hh g,4 dQ<k g, rks dgrk g,4 rqégX le>kus dh dksf''
djrk g,4 ysfdu og tkurk g, fd rqe le> u ikvksxs4 D;kXfd og tkurk g, f
d vxj fdlh vk,j us Hh mls tkuus ds igys tuk;k gksrk] rks og Hh ugC eku
rk4 D;kXfd og tkurk g, fd nwljkX us ;gh ckrX igys mlls Hh dgh FC vk,j m
ldh Hh le> eX u i\Lh FC4 og Hyh7Hkafr tkurk g, fd og Hh lansg ls Hjk
jgk Fk4
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ns jgk g,4
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;k ikxy] nhokuk gks x;k] gks' [ks fn;k4 dqN Hh cd jgk g,3vuxZy] vlaxr
4 vc bl eX dqN vFZ ugC g,4 vk,j yksx Hh etcwj gT4 Sslk dguk mügX i\Lrk g,
4 D;kXfd tks lar dgrk g,] og Hk"k eX ugC vkrk4 fGj Hh Hk"k eX dgus dh
dksf'' djrk g,4 lekrk ugC] vIrk ugC] 'çn NksIs i\L tkrs gT] vksNs i\L tk
rs gT4 t,ls dksB NksIh7lh eqØh eX lkjs vkdk' dks j[us pyk gks4 vc eqØh NksIh
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8xwaxs us xq\L [kb fy;k4
vk,j tcku [ks x;h4 xq\L D;k [k;k] mlh eX tcku [ks x;h4 tc rd rqe tku
rs ugC] rc rd cksyuk cgqr vklku g,4 ftl fnu tkuksxs] ml fnu c\Lh eqfæd
y gks tkrh g,4 ftl fnu tkuksxs ml fnu ikvksxs fd vjs] tc rd irk ugC Fk
] rc rd fdruh lqfo/k ls cksy ysrs Fs2 Sd laxfr Fh cksyus eX] Sd rdZ] S
d ø;o¬Fk Fh] cy Fk] \tjk Hh f>>d u Fh4 tkuus ds ckn Sd7Sd 'çn ij
f>>dus yxrs gks4 tkuus ds ckn Sd7Sd 'çn dks rk,yrs gks3;g 'çn dke nsxk
fd ugC nsxk2 vk,j gj 'çn dk mi;ksx dj ds ikrs gks6 pwd xS4 fGj pwd x
S4 fGj7fGj dgus dh dksf'' gksrh g,4
lar vxj bruk nksgjkrs gT rks mldk dkj< rqe le> ysuk4 mldk dkj< dsoy
bruk gh g,A Sd ckj pwd tkrs gT] fGj ls dgrs gT6 fGj Hh pwd tkrs gT] fGj
ls dgrs gT4 dguk rks ogh g,] vk,j pwdrs gh pys tkrs gT4 larkX dks ogh le>

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ikrs gT tks viuh tcku [ksus dks r,;kj gT3tks [qn Hh xwaxs gksus dks r,;kj gT6 tks
[qn Hh pqi gksus dks r,;kj gT6 tks dgrs gT] ge Hh 'wü; gks tkSaxs] ge 'wü; ls
gh 'wü; dks tks\LXxs4 ysfdu ftudh ftY g, fd tc rd Hk"k ds }kjk geX le>k
;k u tkSxk vk,j tc rd Hk"k ds }kjk fl0 u fd;k tkSxk] tc rd Hk"k
ds vk,j rdZ ds izek< u fnS tkSaxs] rc rd ge bap Hj u ljdXxs3mu ij o
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gT4
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hg,] dgka 'ek 'qW gksrh g,2 dgka 'ek lekîr gksrh g,] dgka jks'uh 'qW gksrh g,2
nksukX tq\Ls gT] la;qDr gT] brus bdØs gT fd vyx7vyx gksrs gh ugC4blfyS iyIw
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nks u jgs4
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xoku ÷;kuh eX yhu gks x;k4 vxj HfDr ds ekxZ ls pyrs gks rks Hxoku cpkH
Dr Hxoku eX Lwc x;k4 exj D;k GdZ i\Lrk g,] ckr Sd gh g,4
dchj us dgk g,A
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cwan lekuh leqan eX] lksdr gsb tkB449
cwan lkxj eX [ks x;h] vc mls okfil d,ls fudkyX2 vk,j dchj us nwljk opu H
h dgk g, fd3

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HDr [ks x;k] Hxoku cpk4 Kku dk vFZ gksrk g,A lkxj cwan eX lek x;k4 Hx
oku [ks x;k] ÷;kuh cpk4
blfyS egkohj vk,j cq0 us Hxoku dh ckr ugC dh4 os ÷;kuh gT4 ehjka] p,rü;
] iyIw] dchj] ukud] Hxoku dh ckr dgs4 os HDr gT4 exj nksukX dh ckr eX
\tjk Hh GdZ ugC4 tjk Hh GdZ ugC g,2 D;k GdZ i\Lrk g,2 Sd cwan lkxj eX f
xjk nks] fGj rqe tks pkgks dgks3rqe dgks fd cwan lkxj eX lek x;h ;k pkgks
rks dgks fd lkxj cwan eX lek x;k4 ;s rks dgus ds gh GdZ gqS4
vafre f¬Ffr eX ÷;ku vk,j izse Sd gh txg ys vkrs gT4 exj pwafd thouHj S
d [kl Pax dh Hk"k dk v˙;kl fd;k] ;g vafre vuqHo Hh vyx7vyx Pax
ls dgk tkrk g,4 egkohj dgrs gTA vk®ek gh cph] dksB ijek®ek ugC4 ;g vk®
ek dh ije n'k gh ijek®ek g,6 dksB vk,j ijek®ek ugC4
iyIw dgrs gTA rw gh cpk] vc eT ugC4
nfj;ko vk,j ygj rks nks; ukgC]
lek vk,j jksluh dk,u Nku,4
iyIw Hxoku dh xfr ü;kjh4
fGj iyIw dgrs gT fd fGj eT lh/k7lknk vkneh4 iyIw fujxqu cfu;k2 eT jke
dk eksnh4 esjh dksB †;knk id\L Hh 'çnkX ij ugC g,6 Hk"k dk dksB cgqr c\Lk
Kkrk Hh ugC gwa4 lh/k7lknk lkekü;7lk vkneh gwa4 ;g ijek®ek dh ijexfr eT
d,ls dgwa2
8iyIw Hxoku dh xfr ü;kjh49
vk,j ;g opu bruk î;kjk g,A 8Hxoku dh xfr Hxoku tkus49 iyIw dgrs gTA m
ügC ls iwN ysuk4 mügC ls fey ysuk4 vk,j †;knk tkudkjh pkfgS gks rks ekfyd
ls] lkgc ls gh fey ysuk4 eq> pk,dhnkj dks †;knk er lrkvks4 eT rks njokts
ij igjk ns jgk gwa4 ftruk tkurk Fk dg fn;k4
eTus lquk Sd ?j eX u;h7u;h Sd uk,djkuh j[h x;h4 cqgkjh yxkrh Fh fd r
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