STATISTICAL VIEW OF

ENTROPY

Presented by: Dr. Aurang Zeb

Department of
General Studies JUC Jubail
ENTROPY

 Thermodynamic State Variable

 Non Availability of Heat Energy

 Measure of Disorder

 Number of Accessible States

REVERSIBLE HEAT ENGINE
IRREVERSIBLE HEAT ENGINE
THERMODYNAMIC STATE
VARIABLE
ENTROPY AS A THERMODYNAMIC STATE
VARIABLE
According to First Law of Thermodynamics
𝑑𝑄 = 𝑑𝐸𝑖𝑛 + 𝑑𝑊 (1)
𝑑𝑄 = 𝑑𝐸𝑖𝑛 + 𝑃 𝑑𝑉

𝑑𝑄 𝑑𝐸𝑖𝑛 𝑃 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑆 = = + (2)
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
But 𝑷 𝑽 = 𝒏𝑹𝑻; therefore, equation (2) will become
𝑑𝑄 𝑑𝐸𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑅 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑆 = = +
𝑇 𝑇 𝑉
Now it can be integrated as follows
𝑓 𝑓 𝑓
𝑑𝐸𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑅 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑆 = 𝑆𝑓 − 𝑆𝑖 = +
𝑖 𝑖 𝑇 𝑖 𝑉
NON AVAILABILITY OF
HEAT ENERGY
 CHANGE IN ENTROPY OF UNIVERSE DURING
COOLING OF A CUP OF TEA
∆𝑸
∆𝑺 = (∆𝑸 is negative, if it is taken from system)
𝑻
(∆𝑸 is positive, if it is given to system)

𝚫𝐒 = 𝜟𝑺𝟏 + 𝜟𝑺𝟐 + 𝜟𝑺𝟑 + 𝜟𝑺𝟒 + ⋯

𝚫𝐒 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟔 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟔 + ⋯ 𝐉/𝐊

MEASURE OF DISORDER
NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE
STATES
CHANGE IN ENTROPY DURING FREE EXPANSION
The change in entropy can be calculated both thermodynamically and statistically.
Using thermodynamics the change is given by: 𝜟𝑺 = 𝒏 𝑹 𝒍𝒏 𝟐
Statistically:
𝑵!
Initially 𝑾𝒊 = 𝑵! 𝟎!
𝑵!
Finally 𝑾𝒇 = 𝑵/𝟐! 𝑵/𝟐!

Si = k lnWi = k ln1 = 0

Sf = k lnWf
= k ln(N!) - 2k ln[(N/2)!]
Using Stirling Approximation
= k [N(ln N) - N] - 2k[(N/2) ln(N/2) - (N/2)]
= k [N(ln N) - N - N ln(N/2) + N]
= k [N(lnN) - N(lnN -ln2)] = Nk ln 2.
Therefore change in entropy is given by
𝜟𝑺 = 𝑺𝒇 − 𝑺𝒊 = Nk ln 2 – 0 = nRln 2 (because Nk = nR)
Or 𝚫𝐒 = 𝐧 𝐑 𝑰𝒏 𝟐
THANKS