Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of Fluid Flow
9-1 Introduction
99-22 Conservation of Mass
9-3 The Stream Function
9 4 Conservation of Linear Momentum
9-4
9-5 Navier Stokes Equation
9-6 Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow Problems
9-1
p
Example: p
incompressible Navier-Stokes
equations
We will learn:
Physical
y meaning
g of each term
How to derive
How to solve 9-2
9-5
9-6
9-7
Now,, sum upp the mass flow rates into and out of
the 6 faces of the CV
Net mass flow rate into CV:
9-9
After substitution,
9-10
9-11
9-12
9-13
9-14
Cartesian
Cylindrical
9-15
Incompressible flow
and ρ = constant
Cartesian
Cylindrical
9-16
9-17
S b tit ti th
Substituting the clever
l ttransformation
f ti
Gives
This is tr
true any smooth
e for an
function ψ(x,y)
9-18
Why do this?
Single variable ψ replaces (u,v). Once ψ is
known (u
known, v) can be computed
(u,v) computed.
Physical significance
1. C
1 t t ψ are streamlines
Curves off constant t li off the
th flow
fl
2. Difference in ψ between streamlines is equal to
volume flow rate between streamlines
9-19
∴ Change in ψ along
streamline is zero
9-20
Difference in ψ between
streamlines is equal to
volume flow rate between
streamlines
9-21
Body Surface
Force Force
9-22
9-24
9-25
First step
p is to separate
p σij into p
pressure and
viscous stresses
⎛σ xx σ xy σ xz ⎞ ⎛− p 0 0 ⎞ ⎛τ xx τ xy τ xz ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
σ ij = ⎜σ yx σ yy σ yz ⎟ = ⎜ 0 − p 0 ⎟ + ⎜τ yx τ yy τ yz ⎟
⎜σ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ zx σ zy σ zz ⎠ ⎝ 0 0 − p ⎠ ⎝ τ zx τ zy τ zz ⎠
Viscous (Deviatoric)
Situation not yet improved Stress Tensor
Reduction in the
(toothpaste)
number of variables is
achieved byy relating
g
(paint) shear stress to strain-
rate tensor.
For Newtonian fluid
(quicksand) with constant
properties
9-28
Incompressible NSE
written in vector form
9-30
Continuity
X
X-momentum
t
Y-momentum
Z-momentum
Continuity
Tensor notation Vector notation
Conservation of Momentum
Tensor notation Vector notation
9-33
9-37
9-38
As with g
general interfaces, if surface
tension effects are negligible and the
surface is nearly flat Pwater = Pair
9-39
9-40
Continuity
X-momentum
2 Cont
Cont. 3 6 5 7 Cont
Cont. 6
9-42
Z-momentum
2,6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6
9-43
Z-momentum
integrate
g
9-44
For pressure,
pressure no explicit BC
BC, therefore C3 can remain
an arbitrary constant (recall only ∇P appears in NSE).
Let p = p0 at z = 0 (C3 renamed p0)
1. Hydrostatic pressure
2. Pressure acts independently
p y of flow
9-45
Continuity is satisfied
0+0+0=0
X-momentum is satisfied
9-46
Note
N thatt τw is
t th i equall and
d opposite
it tto th
the
shear stress acting on the fluid τyx
(Newton’s third law).
9-47
9-48
9-49
9-50