‘ : y CoATings 7 Paitin ae bus PeeTaes MANUAL i sod BLE OF CONTENTS | CORROSION. «...sseeseeeee Pt SURFACE PREPARATION. «.++0000+ ; ni , Dry abrasive basting» Pot Abeaives ea cee Pot Surface romeo ; . 2 Blaing grades on i ; fa P23 Seirent pos Wet blasting .. : pa P26 Hand and power tool cleaning P27 : Needle gunning. P27 Flame cleaning : ; : ; : P28 ‘Chemical cleaning ace P26 eee ‘SURFACE PREPARATION (NON-FERROUS) «++..4+ P2A ene ‘TESTS TO DETECT SURFACE CONTAMINATION ..... iaapeeatttt PB PAINT CONSTITUENTS w.ccccsesteseeeseeees Ps Binder ...., . Pat Pigments... P33 Pigment volume concentaon (2) Pa : Solvents . . PBS | Other const oa P35 | Plastcizers| 3-5 ° Aniseling aH ose pas ‘ Deer aplicable toi asd pit) : Pas Aow-nning agents applet oof ued rents) ate 73.6 Solutions and dispersions Sei P36 PAINT DRYING AND CURING «..+-- o deo Ps COATING SYSTEMS ...... a Ps Corrosion protection methods eet) Layers of paint film . PS “Types of contng system P52 PAINT/PAINT FILM TESTING 7 General Prt Viscosity : Pra Density -.ssseecsssee PIB Flashpoitt esses PIs Wet film thickness (w.£1,) P25 Dry film thickness (4.6) PIs Opacity eesceeerenee eae Pro Degree of gloss “Pro Adhesion. a P7-10 Vee atti seve fe : oe Pra Cross-cuc est (exoss hatch test) . i‘ : PI-i4Bally et : lye decanter WEATHER CONDITIONS .. $6 Relative buraidity (RH) and dom point ..ceceesseee Metal temperature PAINT APPLICATION Brush application Roller application Spray application Application of metal costings COATING FAULTS «.....+ PAINT COLOURS ..... ‘The Munsell system BS ABOD esse HEALTH & SAFETY ..... COSHH Regulations (988 Occupational Exposure Lint (EH40) Volatile organic compounds INSPECTION 1....00-0++4 NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS .....--+seresseeeeRe & Peo Ned UNIT P1 * CORROSION Corrosion is generally an electro-chemicat process which tesults from an anodic reocsion aext at feast one cathodic reaction. ‘The anodic reaction is expressed as follows: ELSE SS tame Moat ane e i vo} Where: Mf element involved n= anumber ' © Relectron(s) | Atleast one of the following cathodie reaction(s) takes place at the cathode: Cathodic reaction: 2H20+0; +4e" 9 40H . water + oxygen + electrons give hydroxyl ions. | “The products of these reactions take part in further reactions with the immediate environment leading to the formation of corrosion products, the most familiar being rust: | 1, Oxygen reduction in acid solutions: 02 4+4H" +4¢ > 2H20 i ‘®) 2. Oxygen reduction in neutral and | alkaline solutions: O2-+2H20+ 4e > 40H™ | 3. Hydrogen evolution: 2H" +2e > Aa { 4. Metal iron reduction: Fe ney Fett | we] 5 Metal deposition: Cur +26» Cu : | f1on ore is an oxide of iron in chemical balance with the environment; when this iron ‘ore is converted to iron, the chemical balance is changed and the iron becomes acatve, i.6, it corrodes on contact with the natural environment and tries to revert back to its la natural inert state, The natural environment usually contains moisture (which provides | ' the electrolyte) giving the following simultaneous reactions: Andecrvie a sbstance | fies which whe soon Anodie reaction: {usual water orl ts ed oy Fett De" \ (mole) nate will condect Pera i ‘current and be braken down i.e. iron gives ferrous (iron) ions and electrons. } bye Fe +20H" + Fe(OH)a ie. ferrous ions plus hydroxyl ions gives iron hydroxide. AF e(OH)2 +01 > 2Fe03H20+2H20 ie. iron hydroxide plus oxygen gives rust Corrosion reactions can be accelerated by the existence of certain criteria inctuding 7] 1, variations in oxygen content on the materials surface, 2. chlorides and sulphates, I Miltcle isan oxide of 3. other metals or metal compounds of higher nobilizy in contact with the steel, | iron produced when the e.g, millscale, ! Seclsmamocired | 4 eid or alkalis. Sia aye cetat’ | ‘The following list shows some metas/metal compounds jn their order of nobility in sea ade comesed of tree ‘water at ambient temperature. The relative positions ofthe metas/metal compounds in layers: FeO nearest the the fist can change with a change in electrolyte type or temperature; this list is known as. i sel FeO, thn Fe0,0n | the galvanic series, ‘The galvanic series may show the potential of each metalmetal ! the outside, Millscale hat) compound measured in volts against a specified type of reference electrode. If absolute ' Gpocncuy asian %| potential values of meta} elements only ate shown, which are independent of the 100 me electrolyte used, the lis becomes known as the electrochemical series. aeeone PI-l