See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/322962579

SANDSTONE RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTIC BASED ON SURFICIAL

GEOLOGICAL DATA OF SIHAPAS FORMATION IN BUKIT SULIGI AREA,
SOUTHWEST CENTRAL SUMATRA BASIN

Conference Paper · November 2017

CITATIONS READS

0 115

5 authors, including:

Yuniarti Yuskar Dewandra Bagus

Universitas Islam Riau Universitas Islam Riau
22 PUBLICATIONS   10 CITATIONS    21 PUBLICATIONS   12 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Tiggi Choanji
Universitas Islam Riau
25 PUBLICATIONS   29 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Groundwater Mapping & Quality Assessment View project

Geohazard and Disaster Mitigations Assesment View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Dewandra Bagus on 06 February 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

ICoSET UIR 8-10 November 2017, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
ISBN: 978-979-3793-73-3

SANDSTONE RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTIC BASED ON

SURFICIAL GEOLOGICAL DATA OF SIHAPAS FORMATION
IN BUKIT SULIGI AREA, SOUTHWEST CENTRAL SUMATRA
BASIN

Yuniarti Yuskar1, Dewandra Bagus Eka Putra1, Tiggi Choanji1, Ziadul Faiez1, Muhammad Habibi2
1
Department of Geological Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
2
PT. SPR Langgak, Riau, Indonesia
Email : dewandra.bagus@eng.uir.ac.id

Abstract

Sungai Kuning Village and surrounding area located in the eastern region of Bukit
Suligi. Bukit Suligi and its surroundings are the exposed terrain of sandstone from the
Sihapas Formation, which is the main reservoir in the Central Sumatra Basin. This
study aims to get the sandstone analogy of surface geological data to be able to get
better understanding of sand reservoir in the Central Sumatra Basin. Correlation of
surface and subsurface geological data is done by identifying the characteristics of the
lithology. The method used is field geological survey, laboratory analysis of
petrography, micropaleontology, depositional environment and geological structure.
Based on the characteristics of lithology, age, deposition environment, and geological
cross sectional reconstruction, the Sihapas Formation has correlation with reservoir
rock in oil and gas field in eastern of Bukit Suligi. Sihapas Formation consist of
conglomerate, sandstone and shale.

Keywords: sungai kuning, central sumatra basin, reservoir rock, oil and gas

regionally southwestern ward gently

1. INTRODUCTION
Bukit Suligi is located in southwestern
part of Riau province, trending from
southeast - northwest. This hill extent in two
districts of Rokan Hulu and Kampar
Regency which include in Sumatra Fault
System and Barisan Mountains. Research is
focusing in some parts of Bukit Suligi area,
especially at Sungai Kuning Village that
exposing reservoir rock in the southwestern
part of Central Sumatra Basin. The Central
Sumatra Basin (CSB) that was formed
during the Late Eocene (?) to Early
Oligocene is the most prolific hydrocarbon
basin in Indonesia. Sedimentation was
controlled by the configuration of a
sloping deposition surface (Cameron, 1983).
The present day distribution of sedimentary
and basement rocks can be related to the
regional structure of Sumatra. The Barisan
uplift and Sumatra Fault System (SFS)
controlling the distribution of rock on the
mountain front (Clarke, 1982). This paper
describes the results of the fieldwork as they
relate to the Sihapas Formation, the
principal reservoir horizon of the Basin.
The objective of this study is to get
analogies and provide a better
understanding of reservoir from surficial
geological data that can be correlated with
subsurface reservoir. Petroleum geology
studies of the Bukit Suligi area are mostly

112
 ICoSET UIR 8-10 November 2017, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
ISBN: 978-979-3793-73-3

based upon outcrop data (Fig. 1). contribution to achieve the objective of this
Laboratory analyses and both surface and study (De Coster, 1974)
subsurface geological reconstruction giving
.

Fig. 1. Detail location samples and measurement of geological data.

1.1 Regional Geology The Sihapas Formation is early Miocene in

The Central Sumatra Basin consists of a
succession of Tertiary sediments overlying
a complex pre-Tertiary lithology, it is
bounded on the west and southwest by the
Barisan Mountains, on the east by the
Malaysian Shield and on the north by the
Asahan Arch. The Southern boundary of the
Central Sumatra Basin is not well defined
(Eubank and Makki, 1981). The
traditionally accepted boundary is a
geographic one drawn as a north-southwest
line through the Kampar High and Tiga
Puluh Mountains (Heidrick and Aulia,
1993).
A gradual southward thinning of Tertiary
sediments, however, suggests the possible
existence of a pre-Tertiary Basement high
south of Pekanbaru (Kampar High). To the
west lies the Barisan Mountains, where pre-
Tertiary rocks and overlying Tertiary
sediments outcrop along faults and uplifts.
age and represents the basal, clastic
succession laid down in the CSB at the
onset of the transgressive, Tertiary 2b
Supergroup (Mertosono and Nayoan, 1974).
This transgression culminated in the early
middle Miocene with the regional
deposition of the outer shelf to upper
bathyal mudstones of the Telisa Formation
(Mertosono and Nayoan, 1974).
During a period of emergence in pre-
Miocene time, the general area was eroded
to a nearly flat surface. All pre-Sihapas
sediments were stripped off except in a local
low in the middle of the present day
structure (P., S.A, et al, 2013). These
sediments are now preserved on the
downthrown side of the east to the southeast
part of the Bukit Suligi Area.
2.1 Stratigraphy
There is ambiguous stratigraphic
terminology in the study area. The

113
ICoSET UIR 8-10 November 2017, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
ISBN: 978-979-3793-73-3
Cenozoic rock-stratigraphic units in the
Central Sumatra Basin include (oldest to
youngest), the Pematang formation, Sihapas
group, Telisa, Petani, and Minas formations
(Eubank and Makki, 1981; Lee,
1982;Roezin, 1974). Sihapas Group
consists of four formations. The formations
are Menggala, Bangko, Bekasap and Duri
formation. It is mainly reservoir in the
Central Sumatra Basin.
The transgressive phase of the Neogene is
represented by the Sihapas group and
overlying partially diachronous Telisa
formation. The lower portion of the
Miocene Sihapas is represented by an
upward fining conglomeratic, coarse to fine
grained sandstone succession (Menggala
Formation) that is capped by calcareous
shale of the Bangko formation. A fluvio-
deltaic depositional environment is
suggested for the Menggala whereas the
Bangko has a more intertidal to marine
influence. The Upper Sihapas records a
continuation of the early Miocene
transgression with medium to coarse
grained micaceous sandstone of the
Bekasap representing marginal facies of the
more basinal shales of the Telisa formation
(Rozalli, et al, 2012). The lower to middle
Miocene Telisa formation consists of a
shale-dominated succession with interbeds
of limestone and fine grained glauconitic
sandstone. Depositional environments
range from inner to outer littoral conditions
with a more marine influence towards the
top. The upper contact of the Telisa
formation is marked by a distinct lithologic
and faunal break corresponding to the
middle Miocene regressive phase of the
Neogene cycle (Duri event). The overlying
sediments of the Petani formation constitute
a monotonous sequence of shalemudstone
containing minor sandstone and siltstone
intercalations that show a progressive
upwards shallowing and general waning of
marine conditions (Lee, 1982).
114
Different nomenclature on Geological Map
of The Pakanbaru Quadrangle, Sumatra
(Wongsosantiko, 1976) used Sihapas
formation not Sihapas Group. The simple
stratigraphy of the study area into time
based sedimentary rock units (Table 1) are
Sihapas, Telisa and Petani Formation. This
study is focused in Sihapas formation that
exposed in Sungai Kuning Village and
surrounding, Bukit Suligi area.
2. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on geological field data, lithology
at Sihapas Formation consist of sandstone,
conglomerate and shalestone. It is
dominated by sandstone with reddish
yellow (weathered) and greyish yellow
(fresh) color, fine - coarse grain size,
rounded shape, good sorting, and closed
fabric. Sedimentary structure such as cross
bedding, ripple mark, and parallel
lamination also present of nodule (Figure 2).
Petrographic analysis showed mineral
composition of quartz arenite sandstone
with quartz (86%), Feldspar (3.5%), Rock
Fragment (6%), opaque mineral and other
minerals (4.5%).
In determining age and depositional
environment, microfossil analysis was
performed on calcareous claystone and
resulting Sihapas Formation was deposited
at Early Miocene. Depositional facies
analysis shows that the Sihapas Formation
was deposited on the estuarine and intertidal
sandstone environments. Sandstone in the
study area has an average trend N 3250 E
and the average dip of the layer is 100.
By comparing surface geological data with
oil well data on Petapahan Oil Field (Table
1), it shows that sandstone reservoir has
similar characteristic to the sandstone found
in the Sungai Kuning area, Bukit Suligi.
The vertical log reconstruction describes
the correlation between field data and
subsurface data (Table 1).
 ICoSET UIR 8-10 November 2017, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
ISBN: 978-979-3793-73-3

Fig. 2. Fied outcrop and vertical log section of geological data at Bukit Suligi

Table. 1. Comparison of Stratigraphic column between surficial geological data and Well
Data from Petapahan Oil Field.

115
ICoSET UIR 8-10 November 2017, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
ISBN: 978-979-3793-73-3
From studying lithology characteristics of
surface geological data, it will give the best
analogy for interpreting the sandstone
reservoir model in oil and gas field.
Sandstone characteristic of Sihapas
Formation that found in Bukit Suligi area
predicted to have connectivity with the
Bekasap Formation at several oil and gas
fields in southwest Central Sumatra Basin.
Although there is still lot data analysis
needed to convinced the connectivity
between surficial geological data and
reservoir on subsurface, but from geological
reconstruction trends and dips layer and
also by combining typical description
lithology, concluded that this reservoir is
connected each other.
The issue that have been developed for this
area was the occurrence of hydrodynamic
control and slanted oil water contact
towards southeast to south. So it still need
further study to know the correlation and
connectivity of this reservoir related to
hydrodynamic control in the area.
3. CONCLUSION
From this study some conclusions could be
defined:
1. Based on field geological data,
Sihapas Formation consist of
sandstone, conglomerate, claystone
lithology. The main
characteristics of sandstone are
reddish yellow (weathered) and
greyish yellow (fresh) color, fine -
coarse grain size, rounded shape,
good sorting, and closed fabric.
Sedimentary structure such as cross
bedding, ripple mark, and parallel
lamination also present with minor
nodule. This sandstone is
interpreted to be deposited at Early
Miocene on estuarine and intertidal
depositional environtment.
2. Comparison between characteristic
lithology, mineralogy, and other
description on geological surface
data and reservoir data at oil well
116
field on south central Sumatra Basin,
shows the similarity characteristic
of each other.
3. There are possibilities to correlate
the surface data and subsurface by
further analysis to predict the
hidrodynamic effect on oil field.
REFERENCES
Cameron, N. R. The Stratigraphy of The
Sihapas Formation in the Northwest of
the Central Sumatra Basin. Indonesian
Petroleum Association, Proceedings
12th Annual Convention, Jakarta, 1983,
I, 43–66, (1983).
Clarke, M. C. Geological Map of The
Pakanbaru Quadrangle, Sumatra, PPPG,
(1982).
De Coster, G. L. The Geology of the Central
and South Sumatra Basins.
Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum
Association, Third Annual Convention,
77–110, (1974).
Eubank, R., & Makki, A. C. Structural
Geology of The Central Sumatra Back-
Arc Basin. Oil and Gas Journal, 79 (50),
200–206, (1981).
Heidrick, T. L., & Aulia, K. A structural and
tectonic model of the Coastal Plains
Block, Central Sumatra Basin,
Indonesia. Indonesian Petroleum
Association, Proceedings 22nd Annual
Convention, Jakarta, 1, 285–317,
(1993).
Mertosono, S., & Nayoan, G. A. S. The
Tertiary basinal area of Central
Sumatra. Indonesian Petroleum
Association, Proceedings 3rd Annual
Convention, Jakarta, 63–76, (1974).
P., S. A., M., R., W., U., A., B., & A., B.
Paleogene Sediment Character of
Mountain Front Central Sumatra Basin
Cekungan Sumatra Tengah.
 ICoSET UIR 8-10 November 2017, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
ISBN: 978-979-3793-73-3

Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 8 Rozalli, M., Putra, A., Budiman, A., Utomo,
(3), 143–149, (2013). W., Suandhi, P. A., & Bachtiar, A.
New Insights Into the Petroleum
R.A. LEE. Petroleum Geology Of The
Geology of the Mountain Front Area.
Malacca Strait Contract Area (Central
Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum
Sumatra Basin). In Proceedings
Association Thirty-Sixth Annual
Indonesian Petroleum Association
Convention & Exhibition, (2012).
Eleventh Annual Convention. (1982).
Wongsosantiko, A. Lower Miocene Duri
Roezin, S. The Discovery and Development
Formation sands, Central Sumatra
of the Petapahan oil field, Central
Basin. Indonesian Petroleum
Sumatra. Indonesian Petroleum
Association, Proceedings 5th Annual
Association, Proceedings 3rd Annual
Convention Jakarta, I, 133–150. (1976).
Convention, Jakarta, 111–128. (1974).

117

View publication stats