Technological Institute of the Philippines

Manila

CIVIL ENGINEERING

FINAL REQUIREMENT PAPER in

CE 407 EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
SO (d): Design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze, and interpret data, and synthesize information to provide valid
conclusions for investigating complex problems.

PROGRAM CIVIL ENGINEERING

SOURCE OF ASSESSMENT

COURSE CODE CE 407 EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

SECTION CE42FA2

ASSESSED DOCUMENT SEISMIC DESIGN ANALYSIS OF A 7 STOREY

BUILDING

TIME OF DATA COLLECTION 2nd SEMESTER, SY 2016-2017

PREPARED BY: CASIDSID, SOLOMON M.

CUSTODIA, REYMAR A.
FABELLAR, MONICA F.
MARTINEZ, JOHN MARLO D.
ROMANO, DONNA TRISHA T.

March 18, 2016

 CHAPTER I
DERIVING THE DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM

I. LOCATION MAP
II. PERSPECTIVES AND FLOOR PLANS

PERSPECTIVE VIEW

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

1 – 11TH FLOOR PLAN

ROOF DECK
LONGITUDINAL SECTION

CROSS SECTION
III. HOW FAR FROM THE FAULT?
The 7-Storey Building located at 2 Lodora Avenue Tunasan, Muntinlupa City NCR is 24.2 km apart from the
West Valley Fault System located at Marikina City, Philippines

Courtesy by Google Map.ph

DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM

SOIL TYPE SC
ZONE 4
CV 0.56 NV
NV 1
Ca 0.40 Na
Na 1
M 7

𝑻𝟐 = (𝟐)(𝟎. 𝟓𝟔) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐
𝑻𝟑 = (𝟑)(𝟎. 𝟓𝟔) = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖
𝑻𝟒 = (𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟓𝟔) = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒
𝑻𝟓 = (𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟓𝟔) = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟎
 𝑪𝑽 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔
= = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝑻𝟐 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐

𝑪𝑽 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔
= = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑
𝑻𝟑 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖

𝑪𝑽 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔
= = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
𝑻𝟒 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒

𝑪𝑽 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔
= = 𝟎. 𝟐
𝑻𝟐 𝟐. 𝟖𝟎

1 1
SPECTRAACCELERATION (%, g)

0.05

0.33
0.40
0.25

0.2

PERIOD (T/TS)
 CHAPTER II
COMPUTATION OF TOTAL SEISMIC WEIGHT

Structure Weight:
AREA 1

𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑀𝑁 = (15)(24 )(0.6𝑚)(0.6𝑚)(3𝑚)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑀𝑁 = 388.8
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝐿𝐴𝐵 = (0.1𝑚)(24 )(28.9𝑚)(32𝑚)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝐿𝐴𝐵 = 272
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = (0.1𝑚)(20 )(28.4𝑚 + 32𝑚)(3𝑚)(2)(2)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = 1449.6
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝐸𝐴𝑀 = (4)(25 )(28.4𝑚 + 32𝑚)(0.5𝑚)(0.5𝑚)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝐸𝐴𝑀 = 1510
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐼𝑉𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = (0.25)(4.8 )(28.4𝑚)(32𝑚)
𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐼𝑉𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 1090.56
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = (388.8 + 272 + 1449.6 + 1510 + 1090.56)
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 4710.96
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟
AREA 2

𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑀𝑁 = (12)(24 )(0.6𝑚)(0.6𝑚)(3𝑚)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑀𝑁 = 311.04
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝐿𝐴𝐵 = (0.1𝑚)(24 )(23.5𝑚)(9.6𝑚)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝐿𝐴𝐵 = 564
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = (0.1𝑚)(20 )(23.5𝑚 + 9.6𝑚)(3𝑚)(2)(2)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = 794.4
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝐸𝐴𝑀 = (4)(25 )(23.5𝑚 + 9.6𝑚)(0.5𝑚)(0.5𝑚)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝐸𝐴𝑀 = 827.5
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐼𝑉𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = (0.25)(4.8 )(23.5𝑚)(9.6𝑚)
𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐼𝑉𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 270.72
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = (311.04 + 564 + 794.4 + 827.5 + 270.72)
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 2767.66
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟
AREA 3

𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑀𝑁 = (18)(24 )(0.6𝑚)(0.6𝑚)(3𝑚)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑀𝑁 = 466.56
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝐿𝐴𝐵 = (0.1𝑚)(24 )(28.4𝑚)(23.5𝑚)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝐿𝐴𝐵 = 1668.5
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = (0.1𝑚)(20 )(28.4𝑚 + 23.5𝑚)(3𝑚)(2)(2)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = 1245.6
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝐸𝐴𝑀 = (4)(25 )(28.4𝑚 + 23.5𝑚)(0.5𝑚)(0.5𝑚)
𝑚3
𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝐸𝐴𝑀 = 1297.5
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐼𝑉𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = (0.25)(4.8 )(28.4𝑚)(23.5𝑚)
𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝐼𝑉𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 800.85
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = (466.56 + 1668.5 + 1245.6 + 1297.5 + 800.85)
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 5479.01
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷(𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 1 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎3) = (47110 + 27677 + 54790 + 2701.2 + 1944.22 + 3822)
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑁
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷(𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 1 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎3) = 138 044.42
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟
 3
𝑇 = 0.0731 × 334

𝑇 = 1.01

𝐶𝑣𝐼
𝑉𝑏 = (𝑊)
𝑅𝑇
0.56(1)
𝑉𝑏 = (138 044.42)
8.5(1.01)

𝑉𝑏 = 9009.64𝑘𝑁

STOREY STOREY
FLOOR LEVEL W(kN) hi Wi(hi)2
FACES SHEAR

11 8 467.420 33 9 221 020.38 1 534.24 1 534.24

10 12 957.63 30 11 661 867.00 1 940.36 3 474.60

9 12 957.63 27 9 446 112.27 1 571.69 5 046.29

8 12 957.63 24 7 463 594.88 1 242.83 6 288.12

7 12 957.63 21 5 714 314.83 950.78 7 238.90

6 12 957.63 18 4 198 272.12 698.53 7 937.43

5 12 957.63 15 2 915 466.75 485.09 8 422.52

4 12 957.63 12 1 865 898.72 310.46 8 732.98

3 12 957.63 9 1 049 568.03 174.63 8 907.61

2 12 957.63 6 466 474.680 77.61 8 985.22

1 12 957.63 3 116 618.670 19.40 9 004.64

∑ 54 119 208.33
 CHAPTER III
TABLE & COMPUTATION OF STOREY FORCES AND SHEAR INCLUDING DESIGN
BASE SHEAR

Design Criteria:
Standards
The design project conforms to the following codes, standards; as references:
 The American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code
 The American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
 The National Building Code of the Philippines
 The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) Steel Handbook
 American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
 National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)

Material Specification

Beams
1. Materials
f’c = 27.60 MPa
fy = 276.0 MPa
2. Reinforcing Bars
20 mm diam. Rebars
Columns
1. Materials
f’c = 27.60 MPa
fy = 276.0 MPa
2. Reinforcing Bars
25 mm diam. Rebars
Foundation
1. Materials
f’c = 27.60 MPa
fy = 276.0 MPa
 2. Reinforcing Bars
20 mm diam. Rebars

Loads

Dead Load
Dead loads consists of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into the building or other
structure, including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding and
other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, and fixed service equipment, including the weight of
cranes. NSCP Table 204-1

Minimum Density Design Loads for Materials

Reinforced Concrete Stone (including gravel) - 23.6 kN/m3

Minimum Design Dead Load

 Ceiling: Suspended Steel Channel System with Gypsum Board

Plaster (per mm thickness) (7.9mm) 0.1632 kPa

 Floor Finishes: Cement finish (25mm) on concrete fill, Ceramic

or quarry tile (20mm) on 13 mm mortar bed 2.3 kPa
 Frame Walls: Window Glass, Frame and Sash 0.39 kPa
 Masonry Units: Hollow Concrete Masonry (16KN/m^3), 150mm
thk (800mm grout spacing, plastered both sides 2.01 kPa
 Utilities 0.2 kPa
 Parititon 1 kPa

 Water Proofing (Bituminous Smooth Surface) 0.07 kPa

 Density of Conrete 23.6 kN/m3

 Thickness of Slab 0.15

TOTAL DEAD LOAD (CONCRETE) 9.6732

Live Load
Live load shall be the maximum loads expected by the intended use or occupancy but in no case shall be
less than the loads required by this section (NSCP 2010 – 205).

1. Storage
Light 6.0 kPa
Heavy 12.0 kPa
2. Offices 2.4 kPa
3. Laboratory 2.9 kPa
4. Dining 4.8 kPa
5. Hallway and Exits 3.8 kPa
6. Restrooms 2.4 kPa
Basic Load Combinations

Where load and resistance factor design is used, structures and all portion thereof shall resist the most critical
effects from the following combinations of factored loads.

1.2D + 1.0E + f 1 L (NSCP 2010 203-5)

0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H (NSCP 2010 203-7)

Base Shear Computation

Table 208-4 Near Source Factor, Na

Seismic Source Closest Distance to known Seismic Source

Type
< 5 km >10 km
A 1.2 1.0
B 1.0 1.0
C 1.0 1.0

Table 208-5 Near Source Factor, Nv

Seismic Source Closest Distance to known

Type < 5 km >10 km > 15 km
A 1.2 1.2 1.0
B 1.0 1.0 1.0
C 1.0 1.0 1.0

Table 208-7 Seismic Coefficient, Ca

Soil Profile Type Seismic Zone, Z

Z = 0.2 Z = 0.4
Sa 0.16 0.32 Na
Sb 0.2 0.4 Na
Sc 0.24 0.4 Na
Sd 0.38 0.44 Na
Se 0.34 0.44 Na

Table 208-8 Seismic Coefficient, Cv

Seismic Zone, Z
 Soil Profile Type Z = 0.2 Z = 0.4
Sa 0.16 0.32 Na
Sb 0.2 0.4 Na
Sc 0.32 0.56 Na
Sd 0.4 0.64 Na
Se 0.364 0.96 Na

Seismic Zone (Section 208.4.4.1)

The Philippine Archipelago is divided into two seismic zones only. Zone covers the provinces of Palawan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi,
while the rest of the country under Zone 4. Each Structure shall be assigned a seismic zone factor, Z, accordance with
Table 208-3.

Table 208-3 Seismic Zone Factor, Z

Zone 2 4
Z 0.20 0.40

Occupancy Categories (Section 208.4.2)

For purposes of earthquake-resistant design, each structure shall be replaced in one of the occupancy categories listed in
Table 103-1. Table 208-1 assigns importance factors, I and Ip, and structural observation requirements for each category

Table 208-1 Seismic Importance Factors

Occupancy Category Seismic Importance Factor, I Seismic Importance Factor,

Ip
Essential 1.50 1.50
Hazardous Facilities 1.25 1.50
Special Occupancy Structures 1.00 1.00

Standard Occupancy Structures 1.00 1.00

Miscellaneous Structures 1.00 1.00

Structure Period (Section 208.5.2.2)

Response modification factor for lateral force resisting system, Rw, is the numerical coefficient representative of the
inherent over strength and global ductility capacity of lateral-force-resisting systems, as set forth in

Table 208-11A Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete

 System Limitation and
Building Height Limitation
Basic Seismic-Force Resisting System R Qo
by Seismic Zone, m

Zone 2 Zone 4
A.Bearing Wall Systems
• Special Reinforced Concrete shear walls 4.5 2.8 NL 50

• Ordinary Reinforced Concrete shear walls 4.5 2.8 NL NP

B. Building Frame Systems

• Special Reinforced concrete shear walls or braced 5.5 2.8 NL 75
frames
• Ordinary Reinforced concrete shear walls or braced 5.6 2.2 NL NP
frames
• Intermediate Pre-cast concrete shear walls or 5.5 2.8 NL
braced frames
C. Moment Resisting Frame Systems
• Special Reinforced Concrete frames 8.5 2.8 NL NL
• Intermediate Reinforced Concrete frames 5.5 2.8 NL NL

Ordinary Reinforced Concrete frames 3.5 2.8 NL NP

D. Dual Systems
Special Reinforced concrete shear walls 8.5 2.8 NL NL

Ordinary Reinforced concrete shear walls 6.5 2.8 NP NP

E. Dual System with Intermediate Moment

Frames
Special Reinforced concrete shear walls 6.5 2.8 NL 50

Ordinary Reinforced concrete shear walls 4.2 2.8 NL 50

Shear wall frame interactive system with reinforced

concrete moment frames and ordinary reinforced 4.2 2.8 NP NP
concrete shear walls

F. Cantilevered Column Building System

• Cantilevered Column elements 2.2 2.0 NL 10
Shear Wall-Frame Interaction Systems 5.5 2.8 NL 50

COMPUTATION PROPER:
I. Preliminary Data
Location: Muntinlupa City
 Soil Type: Soil Type D
Seismic Importance Factor: 1.00
Seismic Zone: Zone 4
Distance from the fault line: 0.090 km
Seismic Factor: 0.40
Assign Near Factor: Type A

Na = 1.20
Nv = 1.60

Assigned Seismic Coefficient:

Ca = 0.44 x Na = 0.44 x 1.2 = 0.53
Cv = 0.64 x Nv = 0.64 x 1.60 = 1.024

Structural Configuration: Regular

Structural System: Moment Resisting Frame [ R = 8.5 ]

II. DESIGN BASE SHEAR

Total Seismic Deadload: 5119.194 kN

Total Height (hn) = 21m

T = Ct (hn)3/4
where Ct = 0.0731
T = 0.0731 (21)3/4
T = 0.717104

𝑪𝒗𝑰𝑾 𝟎.𝟒𝟒 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟏𝟓.𝟓𝟖

V= = = 860.005 kN
𝑹𝑻 𝟖.𝟓 𝒙 𝟎.𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟔𝟏𝟗

𝟐.𝟓 𝑪𝒂𝑰𝑾
= 𝟕𝟗𝟒. 𝟗𝟖 kN
𝑹
0.11CaIW = 297.32 kN
𝟎.𝟖𝟎𝑵𝒗𝑰𝑾
= 𝟑𝟎𝟖. 𝟖𝟔 kN
𝑹
 CHAPTER IV
IDENTIFYING THE SEISMIC HAZARD

A. GROUND SHAKING HAZARD OF THE SITE (PGA & INTENSITY)

𝑎0 = 5829 𝑒 0.8(𝑀) (𝑅 + 40)−2

𝑎0 = 5829 𝑒 0.8(7) (13.2 + 40)−2 = 653.59

𝑎0 = 10−2.4+0.34 (𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑖)

653.59
= 10−2.4+0.34 (𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑖)
1000
𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑖 = 6.52

𝑃𝐸𝐼𝑆 = −0.0248 (𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑖)2 + 1.14448 (𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑖) – 0.1626

𝑃𝐸𝐼𝑆 = −0.0248 (6.52)2 + 1.14448 (6.52) – 0.1626

𝑃𝐸𝐼𝑆 = 6.24 ≈ 6.2

THEREFORE: PEIS = 6.2 (FAIRLY STRONG SHOCK)

The PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) is a seismic scale used and developed by the Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology (PHILVOLCS) to measure the intensity of an earthquake.
It was developed as a response to the 1990 Luzon earthquake. PHILVOLCS cites seismic scale specifically developed for
the Philippine setting, the different geography of each country and other "geological considerations" led to the development
of PEIS. The scale measures the effect of an earthquake on a given area based on its relative effect to people, structures and
objects in the surroundings.
The PEIS was adopted in the Philippines in 1996 replacing the Rossi-Forel scale.
GROUND SHAKING HAZARD

Ground Shaking One of the main hazards emanating from an earthquake is ground motion or ground shaking. It is caused by
the passage of seismic waves; especially surface waves near the epicenter of the earthquake are responsible for the most damage
during and after the earthquake. The intensity of ground shaking depends on local geologic conditions in the area (in general, loose
unconsolidated sediment is subject to more intense shaking than solid bedrock); size of the earthquake, the larger the earthquake, the
more intense is the shaking and the duration of the shaking and distance from the epicenter (shaking is most severe near the epicenter
and drops off away from the epicenter). The distance factor depends on the type of material underlying the area.

As stated above, part of the West Valley Fault traverses part of the Cavite Province,along the Municipalities of Carmona and
Silang, all of the Province‟s municipalities and cities are affected by ground shaking. Only around 86 barangays out of the total 829 are
classified as moderately susceptible and these are located in the Municipalities of Alfonso, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Magallanes,
Maragondon, Naic and Tagaytay City. The rest are highly susceptible or about 90% of the Province‟s total barangays.
 In terms of land area, 88% (125,756 hectares) of the Province‟s total land area is susceptible to ground shaking, 65.95%
(94,152.74 hectares out of the total land area of 142,760 hectares) are considered highly susceptible while 22.13% or 31,603.257
hectares are moderately susceptible.

Earthquake shaking often triggers this increase in water pressure, but construction related activities such as blasting could
also cause an increase in water pressure. When liquefaction occurs, the strength of the soil decreases and the ability of a soil deposit
to support foundations for buildings and bridges is reduced.

As per the READY Maps, a total of 371 barangays are susceptible to this phenomenon. Of the total susceptible barangays,
179 (3,875.749 hectares) are considered high,118 (6,555.093 hectares) are moderate and 74 (7231.338 hectares) are low or a total of
17,665.18 hectares, about 12.37% of the Province’s land area. Most of the barangays considered as highly susceptible are located in
the coastal municipalities.
 B. LIQUEFACTION HAZARD

Liquefaction is the mixing of sand or soil and groundwater (water underground) during the shaking of a moderate or
strong earthquake. Buildings can even sink into the ground if soil liquefaction occurs. When the water and soil are mixed,
the ground becomes very soft and acts similar to quicksand. If liquefaction occurs under a building, it may start to lean, tip
over, or sink several feet. The ground firms up again after the earthquake has past and the water has settled back down to
its usual place deeper in the ground. Liquefaction is a hazard in areas that have groundwater near the surface and sandy
soil.

METHODS TO AVOID LIQUEFACTION HAZARDS

Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid
loading. It occurs in saturated soils, that is, soils in which the space between individual particles is completely filled with water. This
water exerts a pressure on the soil particles that influences how tightly the particles themselves are pressed together. Prior to an
earthquake, the water pressure is relatively low. However, earthquake shaking can cause the water pressure to increase to the point
where the soil particles can readily move with respect to each other.

There are basically three methods of reducing hazards liquefaction hazards:

1) By Avoiding Liquefaction Susceptible Soils
Construction on liquefaction susceptible soils is to be avoided. It is required to characterize the soil at a particular building
site according to the various criteria available to determine the liquefaction potential of the soil in a site

2) Build Liquefaction Resistant Structures

The structure constructed should be liquefaction resistant i.e., designing the foundation elements to resist the effects of
liquefaction if at all it is necessary to construct the structure on liquefiable soil because of favourable location, space
restriction and other reasons.

3) Improve the Soil

This involves mitigation of the liquefaction hazards by improving the strength, density and drainage characteristics of the
soil. This can be done using variety of soil improvement techniques.
C. SOIL TYPE

Soil Type of the Existing Structure: Soil Type C

Type D is a Stiff Soil Profile with 360 to 760 (m/s)