Examples of Acids in Living Systems

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in
human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Ascorbic acid is a potent
reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying
reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin,
and capillaries.
Methanoic Acid

In nature, it is most commonly found in the bites and stings of insects, namely ants and bees. It is
this compound that causes most of the irritation that occurs immediately following an ant bite or
a bee sting.
Lactic Acid

Lactic acid is a compound produced when glucose is broken down and oxidised. During intense
exercise when oxygen levels are lower, more lactic acid is produced, which can produce
hydrogen ions and a burning sensation in muscles when they are active.

NB: - Sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3), found in baking soda and
baking powder – consumption of sodium bicarbonate along with vitamin C reduces the
amount of Vitamin C as it neutralizes it.
Baking soda can be used to reduce the effects of an ant sting as it will neutralize the acid.

Vinegar (acetic acid) is used in food preparation as its pH level is low enough to prevent
the growth of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms.
Lime juice can be used to remove rust as it contains citric acid.

Use of Salts

 Baking powder is used as a raising agent in cakes and doughs

 Calcium carbonate is used in the manufacture of cement
 Sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate are used in food
preservation.
 Calcium sulfate (plaster of Parris) is used to make casts in order to set broken bones
 Magnesium sulfate is used as a laxative to relieve constipation
Harmful Effects of Salts

 Sodium nitrate is thought to cause brain damage in infants and is thought to be

carcinogenic (cancer causing)