Mahidol University International Demonstration

school

LAB REPORT
Iodination of acetone

By

Viriya Unchaleevilawan 5961085

Pakjira Chartpumrujee 5961165
Supanut Sritong-in 5961070
Supitchayanut Sittisuparoge 5961045
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the lab is to learn more about the rate of chemical reactions
which is the Iodination of Acetone tested in this lab. This experiment had to do
many trials because we ought to test it with di ferent amount of substances
(concentration) including Acetone, Distilled water, Sulfuric acid, and Iodine. We
tested it and clock the time to know when the solution will turn to be colorless.
A ter we know the time, we can ind the value of rate law constant, which consist
of k constant 20.86 M-2sec-1 and exponent m, n, p. Which is 1.72, -0.12, 1.95.
Furthermore, we can ind the rate of chemical reactions which is 7.31. There was
not have any error with our experiment because the time that we recorded is very
precise, thus it is easier to calculate the data.

INTRODUCTION
Some chemical reactions occur just one second, but some take a hundred of years
for the chemical reactions to occur, for example, carbonization, because there was a
di ference in the reactions rates of the concentration. The reaction rates are the speed
when the chemical reaction happens or the speed of the chemical substance bounced or
combined to each other. If the rates of the chemical reactions are low, it means that the
chemical substance combined with each other at a slow speed, and it will be opposite to
the high rates. Which the reactions rates are an idea on the big theory “ collision
theory”. The theory said that the more collision the system, there will be more
combinations of the molecules, and the more combination will have more possible
chance that the reaction will complete faster. Which this means the reaction rates will
increase (Rader Studios, n.d.)
The chemical reactions occur everywhere no matter what because the chemicals
always build things up and break them down like a conservation of energy, but
every reaction will have a di ferent speed, which it depends on the several
factors. First, temperature, as we know that if the temperature is increased, the
molecules will have more energy, and the molecules will bounce or collide to each
other more, which means the reaction rates will raise up if the temperature in an
increase. Second, the concentration of the chemical reactions. If the
concentration is more intense, the reaction rates will be high because high
concentration will lead to more collision of the molecules (Rader studios, n.d.).
 Third, the physical states of the reactants and the surface area. if the chemical is in
di ferent phrases, the reaction will take time more than the same phrases reactions,
which it leads to the lower reaction rates. Fourth, pressure. Pressure will a fect mostly
in the gas reactions because when the pressure is increased, there will be more collision
and great because of lower space, which occurs o ten as a high reaction rate (Jessie A,
n.d.). And the last one, catalyst. the catalyst a fects the reaction rates by adding the
activation energy, if we add the energy to the mixture, then the chemical reaction will
complete faster, which makes the reaction rates increase because the catalyst provides
an alternative route for the reactions (chemguide, n.d.).
O                                                                         O
                   II                                                         II
  H3C-C-CH3 (aq) + I2 (aq)+H+(aq)  → H3C-C-CH2I+ I-(aq) + H+ (aq)

In the lab, we used iodine, which has a yellowish or brownish color to be a

measurement of the speed from the reaction, by used the time when the yellowish
color from iodine turned to be colorless, which that means the chemical reaction
is complete. And the yellowish color turned to colorless by chemical reaction of
iodine and mixture, which consist of 1 M of H2SO4, 4 M of acetone, and water.
A ter we did the lab, we have a speed of di ferent concentration, so we will be able
to ind the rate of reaction by using the rate law and reaction rates that we learn
in quarter two. Which is k(A)x(B)y. Which the components in the equation like k
and the order can ind from the time and the concentration that we get from the
experiment.

OBJECTIVE
- Find time of each rate of reaction when there are di ferent amount of chemical in the
mixture or in di ferent concentration.
- Find rate of reaction of each experiment
MATERIAL
Flask 100 mL
pipet
pipet bulb
Cylinder 10 or 25 mL
Watch clock
Acetone 4M
H2SO4 (1 M)
I2 (0.005M)

METHOD
1. Filled distilled water in 25 mL lask (the irst lask)
2. Draw 5 mL acetone and 5 mL H2SO4 and 10 mL water and pour into the second lask
3. Use dry and clean cylinder to measure 5 mL I2 solution. Be careful not to spill the
iodine solution on your hands or clothes.
4. Noting the time on the watch clock, pour I2 solution into the second lask and quickly
swirl the lask to thoroughly mix the reagents.
5. Observe the color of the reaction between the irst and the second lask. Record time
when the color disappeared.
6. Repeat the experiment for the second run (step 2-5).
7. Change the concentration of reactants as shown in table 1, and repeat the experiment
(step 2-5), record time of each experiment/mixture (the total volume of new mixture is
25 mL).
8. Calculate rate of the reaction and rate constant.
 CALCULATION
I. Reaction rate data

II. Determination of Reaction order with respect to Acetone, H+, and I2

CALCULATION
III. Find the orders of the reaction with respect to H+ ion and I2 (use the data of mixture
1-4).
r2/r1 =4.98x10-5/1.51x10-5 = 3.3 = (1.6 / 0.8)m ,m = 1.72
r4/r1 =1.39x10-5/1.51x10-5 = 0.92 = (0.4 / 0.2)n , n = -0.12
r3/r1 =5.85x10-5/1.51x10-5 = 3.87 = ( 2x10-3 / 1x10-3)P , p = 1.95  

IV. Determination of the rate constant k

Rate of reaction = K[acetone]m[H+]n[ I2]p
I :  1.51x10-5= K(0.8)1.72 (0.2)-0.12(1x10-3)1.95
    K = 12.94 M-2sec-1
II : 4.98x10-5= K(1.6)1.72 (0.2)-0.12(1x10-3)1.95
    K = 12.95 M-2sec-1
III   : 5.85x10-5= K(0.8)1.72 (0.4)-0.12(1x10-3)1.95
     K = 54.46 M-2sec-1
IV :  1.39x10-5= K(0.8)1.72 (0.2)-0.12(2x10-3)1.95
      K = 3.08 M-2sec-1

Rate I = 12.94(4)1.72 (1)-0.12(0.005)1.95

          = 4.58x10-3
Rate II = 12.95(4)1.72 (1)-0.12(0.005)1.95
           = 4.58x10-3
Rate III =  54.46(4)1.72 (1)-0.12(0.005)1.95
           = 0.019
Rate IV =  3.08(4)1.72 (1)-0.12(0.005)1.95
           = 1.09x10-3

RESULT
A ter we dropped Iodine into the mixture, it turned into yellowish. A ter that, we will
swirl the lask to mix the mixture. Then the color will change from yellowish into
colorless. The irst and second round of mixture 1 took 1.12 and 1.11 minutes, mixture 2
took 0.34 and 0.33 minute, mixture 3 took 0.29 and 0.28 minute, mixture 4 took 2.40 and
2.38 minutes respectively to turn the chemical into colorless. The timing between each
round of every single mixtures seemed to be stable which had a nearby time. Therefore,
we predicted that the time will increase when the mixture has Iodine more than other
chemical mixture.
DISCUSSION
The calculation can be solved by using the time to ind the rate of chemical reactions.
According to the theory, time relates to the rate of reaction because time is directly
proportional to the rate. In addition, another factor that could relate to rate is 1/time,
rate of reaction is inversely proportional to time. In this case, “ irst order” means that
the rate of the reaction depends on the concentration of the reacting substances. As it
was mentioned earlier that if the reaction is irst order, even though the concentrations
are doubled or tripled, it does not a fect or change the the order of the reaction. In this
case, if the concentrations of A and B are doubled, it will double the rate of the reaction
to contribute more product. Furthermore, if second reaction mixture was made up in the
following way by mixing : 10 mL 4M acetone + 5 mL 1M H2SO4 + 5 mL 0.005 M I2 + 5 mL
H2O. Therefore, the initial concentration could be solved by using the formula: C1V1 =
C2V2. A ter it was solved, the initial concentration of acetone is 1.6M, H+ ion is 0.2M,
and I2 is 0.001M. The reaction took 120 seconds for dissolving I2 and make the solution
to be colorless when it occurred at the same temperature. We can ind the rate of the
reaction according to the time that we know. The rate of reaction mixture is
0.00002506M/s.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the reaction rates of iodination of acetone each trial was di ferent because
there was varied in concentration of substances that being used, which the reaction rates
from four di ferent concentration of various substances are 4.58x 10-3, 4.58x10-3, 0.019,
and 1.09x10-3. The reaction rates can ind from the rate law, which consist of k constant
20.86 M-2sec-1 and exponent m, n, p. Which is 1.72, -0.12, 1.95.

REFERENCE
IRader Studios (n.d.). Rate of Reaction. Retrieved from
http://www.chem4kids.com/ iles/react_rates.html

Jessie A. (n.d.). Introductory Chemistry- 1st Canadian Edition. Retrieved from

https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/factors-that-a fect-the-rate-of-
reactions-2/

Chemguide (n.d.), the e fects of catalyst on reaction rates. Retrieved from,

https://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/basicrates/catalyst.html