Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.

Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

ပညာေရး ၀န္ၾကီးဌာန၏ ဓာတုေဗဒ နမူနာ ေမးခြန္းသံုးစံမ

ု ွ အခန္းလိုက္ စုစည္းမႈ

Chapter 1

1. Two types of compounds Y and Z can be formed from elements 15A and 17B. (4 marks)
Write down the following:
(i) the formulae of Y and Z
(ii) type of bond existing in Y and Z
(iii) the complete chemical equation (in words and symbols) for the reaction of Y and Z with
ethanol.

2. What type of bound exists between NH3 molecules and H+ion? Can this type of bond be
formed H3O+ ion? (2 marks)
3. Give two examples which deviate octet rule and write down their dot-cross structures. (2
marks)
4. An element E contains 2 electrons in K shell, 8 electrons in L shell and 2 electrons in M shell.
Answer the following. (4 marks)
(i) the complete electronic structure
(ii) the group number
(iii) the chief valence and
(iv) the name of that element E
5. (i) Write down the period numbers of the elements 10Ne and 20Ca.
(ii) In each of the following groups, select the one which has the largest radius.
3Li, 11Na, 19K and 5B, 6C, 7N
(iii) Give the difference between ionic compounds and covalent compounds based on
electrical conductivity.
(iv) Draw the electron dot-cross formula of the compound, BCl3. (4marks)

Chapter 2

1. A 500cm3 of nitrogen oxide gas diffuses through a porous pot in 50s. How long will the same
volume of ethene gas diffuse through the same pot? (C=12, H=1, O=16, N=14) (2 marks)
2. A 0.2g of a gas occupies a volume of 185cm3 measured over water at 756mmHg and 22℃.
Vapour pressure of water at 22℃ is 21.3mmHg. What is the approximate molecular mass of
the gas? (4 marks)
3. (i) State Dalton’s law of partial pressure and Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes of
gases.
(ii) What will be the volume of hydrogen chloride gas when 100cm3 of hydrogen and 50cm3
of chlorine are mixed? (All gases are measured at the same conditions) (4 marks)
4. A gas with relative density of 32 is given. Find the relative molecular mass of the gas and the
mass of one mole of the gas in grams. What volume at STP would the gas occupy by 32g of
the gas? (4 marks)
5. What will be the volume of ammonia gas when 75cm3 of hydrogen and 25cm3 of nitrogen are
completely mixed? (All gases are measured at the same conditions) (2 marks)
6. Which gas, ammonia or carbon dioxide is lighter than air? Explain why. (The relative density
of air =14.5) (2 marks)

1
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

Chapter 3

1. 10g of a mixture of anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium chloride were made up to 1litre
of aqueous solution. A 25cm3 of this solution required 18cm3 of 0.1M sulphuric acid for
neutralization. What was the mass of sodium chloride in this mixture? (Na=23, O=16, C=12)
(6 marks)
2. If 50cm3 of 0.1M sodium hydroxide and 150cm3 of 0.02M sodium hydroxide are mixed, what
will be the molarity of the final solution? (4 marks)
3. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by adding 100g of pure sodium carbonate to
sufficient water to make 2.00dm3 of solution. (O=16, Na=23, C=12) (4 marks)

Chapter 4

1. A solution of copper (II) sulphate was divided into two portions. One portion was
electrolyzed by using platinum electrodes and the other by using copper electrodes. What
change in colour of the solution do you expect in each case? (2 marks)
2. A current of 1A is passed through a solution of 0.1M copper(II) sulphate solution using
copper electrode. How long would a current of 1A need to pass the cell, so as to deposit
0.0635g of copper? (1F=96500C, Cu=63.5) (4 marks)
3. Do solid sodium chloride conduct electricity? If so why so or if not why not? (2 marks)
4. An electric current is passed in turn through solutions of silver nitrate, copper(II) sulphate and
dilute sulphuric acid in series. If 0.45g of silver was deposited at the cathode of first cell,
calculate the volume of hydrogen liberated at STP in the third cell. Mention the law used in
this problem. (Ag=108, Cu=63, H=1) (4 marks)
5. On passing a steady current of 0.45A for 25 minutes through a metal (I) nitrate. Solution
0.755g of metal is deposited. Calculate the relative atomic mass of that metal. (one
farady=96500C). (4 marks)

Chapter 5

1. Balance the following equation by using either oxidation number method or ion-electron
method.
(i) Cr2O72-+ SO2 + H+  Cr3+ +SO42- + H2O
(ii) K2Cr2O7+HI+ HClO4KClO4+ Cr (ClO4)3+I2+ H2O
(iii) H2O2 + H+ + I−  H2O+I2
(iv) H2SO4 +HI  I2 + H2S+ H2O
(v) 2CrO4 + 2H  Cr2O7 + H2O
2- + 2-

Chapter 6

1. How would you change the temperature on the following equilibrium to get the highest
quantity of SO3(g)? (2 marks)
2SO2 (g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g) +heat

2. (i) A 0.5g of magnesium ribbon completely reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid in 0.1min.
Calculate the rate of reaction in unit gs-1. (2 marks)
(ii)How would you affect on the following equilibrium to see the red colour? (2 marks)

2
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

Fe3+(aq) + SCN- (aq)  FeSCN2+ (aq)

Pale yellow colourless red coloured complex

3. (i) What are the factors affecting the rate of reaction?

(ii) What will be the effect of increasing pressure on the following equilibrium? Give reason
for your answer. (4 marks)
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3 (g)

Chapter 7

1. Calculate the heat of formation of sugar C12H22O11(s), if its heat of combustion is -5040kJ
mol-1. The heat of combustion of carbon (graphite) and hydrogen are -393kJmol-1 and -
286kJmol-1 respectively. (6 marks)
2. Calculate the heat of combustion of C2H5OH(l) if its heat of formation is -242kJmol-1. The
heats of formation of CO2(g) and H2O(l) are -393.5kJmol-1 and -286 kJmol-1 respectively.

Chapter 13

1. What is the pH of a solution with [H+]=0.05moldm-3? (2 marks)

2. What are the pKa values of hydrogen cyanide (Ka=4.8×10-10) and hydrogensulphate ion
(Ka=1.2×10-2)? Which one is more acidic? (2 marks)
3. Which one is more acidic between the following acids? Give reason. (2 marks)
HCOOH (pKa=3.8); HCN (pKa=9.3)
4. Some ammonium chloride was dissolved in water and the solution has a pH of 5. Explain this
result clearly. (4 marks)

Extraction, Manufacture

1. State the formula, common name and chemical name of ore and usual method of extraction
for copper and iron, respectively.
2. Give the name and formula of a common ore of zinc and describe the chemistry involved in
extracting zinc from it.
3. Write the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis of the fused oxide.
4. Give an account of extraction of lead by heating the galena ore.
5. In the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the Contact process, illustrate the dissolution of
sulphur trioxide in the catalyst chamber.
6. Write the balanced equations (words and symbols) containing in the extraction process of
copper from its ore.

Laboratory

1. State the collection methods in the laboratory preparation of nitrogen dioxide and ammonia gases
and give their respective reasons.
2. A gas “G” is obtained by heating copper turning with concentrated sulphuric acid. What is gas
“G”? Write down the equation. The gas “G” is collected by the upward displacement of air. Why?
What would happen if gas “G” is passed into iodine solution? Write down the equation.

3
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

3. A gas “B” is obtained by heating sodium sulphite and dilute sulphuric aicd. What is gas “B”?
Write down the symboled equation only. Label the “A” and “C”. The gas “G” is collected by the
upward displacement of air. Why?

4
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

ပညာေရး ၀န္ၾကီးဌာန၏ ဓာတုေဗဒ နမူနာ ေမးခြန္းသံုးစံမ

ု ွ အခန္းလိုက္ စုစည္းမႈ

Chapter 1

1. Two types of compounds Y and Z can be formed from elements 15A and 17B. (4 marks)
Write down the following:
(i) the formulae of Y and Z
(ii) type of bond existing in Y and Z
(iii) the complete chemical equation (in words and symbols) for the reaction of Y and Z with
ethanol.
 15A =2.8.5
17B= 2.8.7
PCl3 and PCl5
(i) The formula of Y= AB3
The formula of Z= AB5
(ii) Type of bond existing in Y= covalent bond
Type of bond existing in Z= covalent bond
(iii)
PCl5 + CH3CH2OH  CH3-CH2Cl + POCl3 + HCl
AB5+ CH3CH2OH  CH3- CH2B + AOB3 + HB
Ethanol ethyl chloride

2. What type of bound exists between NH3 molecules and H+ion? Can this type of bond be
formed H3O+ ion? (2 marks)
 Coordinate bond (or dative bond)
 Yes

3. Give two examples which deviate octet rule and write down their dot-cross structures. (2
marks)
 Two examples which deviate octet rule = BeCl2, PF5

4. An element E contains 2 electrons in K shell, 8 electrons in L shell and 2 electrons in M shell.

Answer the following. (4 marks)
(i) the complete electronic structure
(ii) the group number
(iii) the chief valence and
(iv) the name of that element E
 E=2.8.2
(i) CES= 1s2, 2s2 2p6, 3s2
(ii) Group number = IIA
(iii) valence = 2
(iv) Name of that element E= magnesium

5
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

5. (i) Write down the period numbers of the elements 10Ne and 20Ca.
(ii) In each of the following groups, select the one which has the largest radius.
3Li, 11Na, 19K and 5B, 6C, 7N
(iii) Give the difference between ionic compounds and covalent compounds based on
electrical conductivity.
(iv) Draw the electron dot-cross formula of the compound, BCl3. (4 marks)
 (i) 10Ne= 2.8, 20Ca= 2.8.8.2
period number of 10Ne= 2
period number of 20Ca= 4
(ii) 19K has the largest radius.
5B has the largest radius.
(iii) Ionic compounds conduct electricity when they melt or dissolve in water.
Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity.
(iv) Electron dot-cross formula of BCl3
xx
x x
x Cl x
x xx
x
B x xCl
x
x
x
x
x
x Cl x
xx

Chapter 2

1. A 500cm3 of nitrogen oxide gas diffuses through a porous pot in 50s. How long will the same
volume of ethene gas diffuse through the same pot? (C=12, H=1, O=16, N=14) (2 marks)

t NO = 50s , t 𝐶2 𝐻4 =?
3
VNO = 500cm , V𝐶2 𝐻4 = 500cm3
𝑀𝑁𝑂 = 14 + 16 = 30𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 , 𝑀𝐶2 𝐻4 = 24 + 4 = 28𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
By Graham′s law
rNO M𝐶 𝐻
=� 2 4
r𝐶2 𝐻4 MNO

VNO /t NO 28
=�
V𝐶2 𝐻4 /t 𝐶2 𝐻4 30
500/50
= 0.966
500/t 𝐶2 𝐻4
t 𝐶2 𝐻4
= 0.966
50
t 𝐶2 𝐻4 = 48.31s
2. A 0.2g of a gas occupies a volume of 185cm3 measured over water at 756mmHg and 22℃.
Vapour pressure of water at 22℃ is 21.3mmHg. What is the approximate molecular mass of
the gas? (4 marks)


Pdry gas =Ptotal-PH2O

=(756-21.3)mmHg=734.7mmHg
Initial state Final state
P1= 734.7 mmHg P2= 760mmHg

6
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

V1=186cm3 V2=?
T1=22 ℃+273 T2=0 ℃+273=273K
=295K
By combine gas law equation,
P1 V1 P2 V2
=
T1 𝑇2
P1 V1 T2
V2 =
T1 P2
734.7 × 185 × 273
=
295 × 760
= 165.5𝑐𝑚3 𝑎𝑡 𝑆𝑇𝑃
= 0.1655𝑑𝑚3 𝑎𝑡 𝑆𝑇𝑃

0.1655 dm3 at STP weighs 0.2g

22.4dm3……….=?
0.2 × 22.4
= = 27.07g
0.1655
1mol of gas=27.07g
Molecular mass of the gas=27.07 amu
3. (i) State Dalton’s law of partial pressure and Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes of
gases.
(ii) What will be the volume of hydrogen chloride gas when 100cm3 of hydrogen and 50cm3
of chlorine are mixed? (All gases are measured at the same conditions) (4 marks)
 Dalton’s law of partial pressures
When the temperature is kept constant, the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum
of the partial pressures of different gases.
Mathematical expression
Ptotal=P1+P2+P3+…… (Temperature is kept constant)
Where,
Ptotal =total pressure of gas mixture
P1, P2, P3,….. = Partial pressure of different gases

 H2 (g)+ Cl2(g) 2HCl(g)

1 vol + 1vol  2 vol
100cm3+ 50cm3?
50cm3+ 50cm3100cm3
Therefore the volume of hydrogen chloride=100cm3
4. A gas with relative density of 32 is given. Find the relative molecular mass of the gas and the
mass of one mole of the gas in grams. What volume at STP would the gas occupy by 32g of
the gas? (4 marks)
 Relative density of the gas =32
Relative molecular mass of the gas=2×relative density of the gas
= 2×32
=64
One mole of the gas =64 g

64 g of the gas =22.4dm3 at STP

32g……………=?
32
= × 22.4
64
= 11.2 dm3 at STP

7
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

5. What will be the volume of ammonia gas when 75cm3 of hydrogen and 25cm3 of nitrogen are
completely mixed? (All gases are measured at the same conditions) (2 marks)


N2 (g)+ 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

1 vol + 3vol  2 vol
25cm3+ 75cm3?
25cm3+ 75cm350cm3
Therefore the volume of ammonia gas=50cm3
6. Which gas, ammonia or carbon dioxide is lighter than air? Explain why. (relative density of
air= 14.5) (2 marks)
 RMM of NH3= 14+3=17
 Relative density of NH3= ½ ×RMM of NH3 = ½ ×17=8.5
RMM of CO2= 12+32=44
Relative density of CO2 = ½ ×RMM of CO2 = ½ ×44 = 22
Relative density of air = 14.5
Relative density of NH3 < Relative density of air
Relative density of CO2 > Relative density of air
∴NH3 is lighter than air.

Chapter 3

1. 10g of a mixture of anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium chloride were made up to 1litre
of aqueous solution. A 25cm3 of this solution required 18cm3 of 0.1M sulphuric acid for
neutralization. What was the mass of sodium chloride in this mixture? (Na=23, O=16, C=12)
(6 marks)

NaCl does not react with H2SO4.
Na2CO3(aq)+H2SO4(aq)Na2SO4(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)
1mmol 1mmol

mmol of H2SO4 =Molarity of H2SO4×Volume in cm3 of H2SO4=0.1M×18cm3

= 1.8mmol

1mmol of HCl = 1mmol of Na2CO3

1.8mmol of HCl =?
=1.8 mmol of Na2CO3
In 25cm3, mmol of Na2CO3= 1.8mmol
In 1litre(1000cm3), mmol of Na2CO3=?
1000
= × 1.8
25

8
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

=72 mmol
=72×10-3 mol
Molar mass of Na2CO3 =46+12+48
= 106gmol-1
Mass of Na2CO3 = mole× molar mass
=72×10-3mol×106gmol-1
= 72×10-3×106g
=7.632g
Mass of NaCl =10– 7.632
=2.368g
2. If 50cm3 of 0.1M sodium hydroxide and 150cm3 of 0.02M sodium hydroxide are mixed, what
will be the molarity of the final solution? (4 marks)
 mmole of 1st NaOH= Molarity of NaOH×volume in cm3 of NaOH

= 0.1×50

=5 mmol of NaOH

mmol of 2nd NaOH= Molarity of NaOH×volume in cm3 of NaOH

= 0.02×150

= 3mmol of NaOH

Total mmole of final solution = 5mmol+3mmol=8mmol

Total volume of final solution= 50+150=200cm3

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

8
= = 0.04𝑀
200

3. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by adding 100g of pure sodium carbonate to
sufficient water to make 2.00dm3 of solution. (O=16, Na=23, C=12) (4 marks)
 Molar mass of Na2CO3=2(23)+12+3(16)=106gmol-1
mass of Na2CO3
Mole of Na2CO3=
molar mass of Na2CO3
100
= = 0.9433𝑚𝑜𝑙
106

mole of Na2CO3
Molarity of Na2CO3=
volume in cm3 of solution

9
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

0.9433
= = 0.4716𝑀
2

Chapter 4

1. A solution of copper (II) sulphate was divided into two portions. One portion was
electrolyzed by using platinum electrodes and the other by using copper electrodes. What
change in colour of the solution do you expect in each case? (2 marks)
 By using platinum electrodes, the blue colour of solution diminished.
Reaction at the cathode: Cu2++ 2e  Cu
Reaction at the anode : 4OH−  2H2O+ O2+4e

 By using copper electrodes, blue colour of solution remain unchanged.

Reaction at the cathode: Cu2++ 2e  Cu
Reaction at the anode: Cu  Cu2++ 2e

2. A current of 1A is passed through a solution of 0.1M copper(II) sulphate solution using

copper electrode. How long would a current of 1A need to pass the cell, so as to deposit
0.0635g of copper? (1F=96500C, Cu=63.5) (4 marks)

Cu2+ + 2e  Cu
2F  1mole
2×96500C  63.54g
?  0.0635g
63.5g of copper = 2×96500C of electricity
0.0635g------------=?
0.0635
= × 2 × 96500 = 193𝐶 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
63.5
Q=193C
I= 1A, t=?
Q= It
𝑄 193
𝑡= = = 193𝑠
𝐼 1
3. Does solid sodium chloride conduct electricity? If so why so or if not why not? (2 marks)
 Solid sodium chloride does not conduct electricity because in the solid state the movement of
Na+ and Cl− ions are restricted.

4. An electric current is passed in turn through solutions of silver nitrate, copper(II) sulphate and
dilute sulphuric acid in series. If 0.45g of silver was deposited at the cathode of first cell,
calculate the volume of hydrogen liberated at STP in the third cell. Mention the law used in
this problem. (Ag=108, Cu=63, H=1) (4 marks)


In the first cell,

Ag+ +1e Ag
1F  1mol
96500C 108g
? 0.45g
108g of Ag is deposited by 96500C of electricity.

10
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

0.45g……………….=?
0.45 × 96500
= = 402C
108

In the third cell,

2H+ + 2e H2
2F  1mol
2×96500C 22.4dm3
402C ?
2×96500C of electricity liberates 22.4dm3 of H2
402C……………….=?
22.4 × 402
= = 0.04666dm3 at STP
2 × 96500
= 46.66cm3 of H2 at STP
Faraday’s second law

5. On passing a steady current of 0.45A for 25 minutes through a metal (I) nitrate. Solution
0.755g of metal is deposited. Calculate the relative atomic mass of that metal. (one
farady=96500C). (4 marks)
 I = 0.45A
t =25min=25×60=1500s
Q =It
=0.45 ×1500
=675C (0.755gdeposited)
+
M +1e M
1F  1 mol
96500C?
675C of electricity=0.755g of metal
96500C ………….=?
0.755 × 96500
=
675
=107.9g
Ans: Relative atomic mass of metal=107.9
Chapter 5

1. Balance the following equation by using either oxidation number method or ion-electron
method.
2- + 3+ 2-
(i) Cr2O7 + SO2 + H  Cr +SO4 + H2O
(ii) K2Cr2O7+HI+ HClO4KClO4+ Cr (ClO4)3+I2+ H2O
(iii) H2O2 + H+ + I−  H2O+I2
(iv) H2SO4 +HI  I2 + H2S+ H2O
(v) 2CrO42- + 2H+  Cr2O72- + H2O

(i)Cr2O72-+H++ SO2  Cr3+ +SO42- + H2O
reduced (+3e×2)×1
+6 +4 +3 +6
Cr2O72-+H++ SO2  2Cr3+ +SO42- + H2O

oxidized ( -2e×1)×3
Cr2O72-+2H++ 3SO2  2Cr3+ +3SO42-+ H2O

11
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

Check: -2 +2  +6 -6
0  0

(ii) K2Cr2O7+HI+ HClO4KClO4+ Cr (ClO4)3+I2+H2O

reduced (+3e×2)×1
+6 -1 +3 0
K2Cr2O7+2HI+ HClO4KClO4+ 2Cr (ClO4)3+I2+ H2O
oxidized (-1e×2)×3

K2Cr2O7+6HI+ 8HClO42KClO4+ 2Cr(ClO4)3+3I2+7H2O

(iii) H2O2+ H+ + I-  H2O + I2

reduced (+1e×2)×1
-1 -1 -2 0
H2O2+ H+ + 2I-  2H2O + I2

oxidized ( -1e×2)×1

H2O2+ 2H+ + 2I-  2H2O + I2

Check: +2 -2 0

0 0

(iv) H2SO4 +HI  I2 + H2S+ H2O

reduced (+8e×1)×1
+6 -1 0 -2
H2SO4 +2HI  I2 + H2S+ H2O
oxidized ( -1e×2)×4

H2SO4 +8HI  4I2 + H2S+ 4H2O

(v) 2CrO42- + 2H+  Cr2O72- + H2O

The equation does not represent oxidation reduction reaction.
There is no change in oxidation number occur during the reaction.

12
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

Chapter 6

1. How would you change the temperature on the following equilibrium to get the highest
quantity of SO3(g)? (2 marks)
2SO2 (g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g) +heat
 To get the highest quantity of SO3
Forward reaction is exothermic reaction.
Reverse reaction is endothermic reaction.
Decreasing temperature will favour exothermic reaction.
The equilibrium will shift to the right.
The concentration of SO3 will increase.

2. (i) A 0.5g of magnesium ribbon completely reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid in 0.1min.
Calculate the rate of reaction in unit gs-1. (2 marks)
(ii)How would you affect on the following equilibrium to see the red colour? (2 marks)
Fe3+(aq) + SCN- (aq)  FeSCN2+ (aq)
Pale yellow colourless red coloured complex
 By adding more Fe or SCN , forward reaction will favour.
3+ −

 The equilibrium will shift to the right.

 The concentration of FeSCN2+ will increase.
 The intensity of the colour will be deep to see the red colour.

3. (i) What are the factors affecting the rate of reaction?

(ii) What will be the effect of increasing pressure on the following equilibrium? Give reason
for your answer. (4 marks)
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3 (g)
 (i) Factors affecting the rate of reaction
(1) Effect of concentration of reactants
(2) Effect of pressure
(3) Effect of temperature
(4) Effect of catalysts
(5) Effect of radiation
(6) Effect of surface area of reactants
 (ii)Increasing pressure
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3 (g)
 2vol
1vol + 3 vol 
VDR
VIR

 2vol
VDR
4vol 
VIR

Forward reaction is volume decreasing reaction.

Reverse reaction is volume increasing reaction.
Increasing pressure will favour volume decreasing reaction.
The equilibrium will shift to the right.
The concentration of NH3 will increase.

13
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

Chapter 7

1. Calculate the heat of formation of sugar C12H22O11(s), if its heat of combustion is -5040kJ
mol-1. The heat of combustion of carbon (graphite) and hydrogen are -393kJmol-1 and
-286kJmol-1 respectively. (6 marks)


2. Calculate the heat of combustion of C2H5OH(l) if its heat of formation is -242kJmol-1. The
heats of formation of CO2(g) and H2O(l) are -393.5kJmol-1 and -286 kJmol-1 respectively. (6
marks)


14
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

Chapter 13

1. What is the pH of a solution with [H+]=0.05moldm-3? (2 marks)

 [H+]=0.05moldm-3
pH= - log [H+]
pH= - log 5×10-2
= 2- log 5
= 2 – 0.6990
= 1.3010

2. What are the pKa values of hydrogen cyanide (Ka=4.8×10-10) and hydrogensulphate ion
(Ka=1.2×10-2)? Which one is more acidic? (2 marks)
 Hydrogen cyanide (ka=4.8×10-6)
pKa = -log Ka
= -log 4.8×10-10
=10-log 4.8
=10-0.6812
= 9.3188
 Hydrogen sulphate ion (ka=1.2×10-2)
pKa =-log Ka
=-log 1.2 ×10-2
=2-log 1.2
=2-0.0792
=1.9208
 Hydrogen sulphate ion is more acidic than hydrogen cyanide because smaller pKa value
indicates stronger acid.
3. Which one is more acidic between the following acids? Give reason. (2 marks)
HCOOH (pKa=3.8); HCN (pKa=9.3)
 HCOOH is more acidic than HCN because smaller pKa value indicates stronger acid.
4. Some ammonium chloride was dissolved in water and the solution has a pH of 5. Explain this
result clearly. (4 marks)
 Ammonium (NH4Cl)is the salt of strong acid (HCl) and weak base (NH4OH).
NH4Cl(aq)NH4+(aq)+Cl-(aq)
H2O(l)⇌H+(aq)+OH-(aq)
NH4+ is conjuage acid.
NH4+(aq)+H2O(aq) NH4OH(aq)+H+(aq)
NH4 ion and Cl- ions react with water to form NH4OH and HCl. HCl is strong acid and
+

dissociated completely in water. NH4OH is weak base partially dissociated in water. This
produces more H+ ions. The equilibrium of water is disturbed. Therefore the pH of the water
will change. The solution is acidic and pH is less than 7. The solution had a pH of 5.

15
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

Extraction, Manufacture

1. State the formula, common name and chemical name of ore and usual method of
extraction for copper and iron, respectively.

Metal Formula Common name Chemical name of ore Usual method of

extraction
Copper CuFeS2 Copper pyrites Copper iron sulphide The sulphide ore
is roasted in air
Iron Fe2O3 Haematite Iron (III) oxide Heat oxide with
Fe3O4 Magnetite Triiron tetraoxide carbon

2. Give the name and formula of a common ore of zinc and describe the chemistry involved
in extracting zinc from it.

Common ore of zinc Formula

Zinc blende ZnS
The chemistry involved in extracting zinc from zinc ore

The zinc sulphide is then heated very strongly in a current of air in a furnace to convert it to
the oxide:

zinc sulphide + oxygen  zinc oxide + sulphur dioxide

ZnS (s) + 3O2(g)  2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)

The zinc oxide is mixed with powdered coke in a furnace and heated very strongly to a
temperature of approximately 1400℃. The zinc oxide is reduced by the coke to zinc.

zinc oxide + coke (carbon)  zinc + carbon monoxide

ZnO(s) + C(s)  Zn(g) + CO(g)

The mixture of zinc vapour and carbon monoxide passes through an outlet near the top of the
furnace and the zinc metal cools and condenses.

3. Write the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis of the fused oxide.


Extraction of aluminium
Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis of the fused oxide.

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is added to lower the temperature of fusion.

Both electrodes are made of graphite.

Aluminium is produced at the cathode and oxygen is liberated at the anode.

Reaction at the cathode: 2Al3++ 6e 2Al

16
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

3
Reaction at the anode: 3O2-  O2+6e
2

4. Give an account of extraction of lead by heating the galena ore.


Extraction of lead from galena ore
Lead is extracted by heating the galena ore in air to give the oxide which is then reduced by
heating with carbon.

The process may be represented as

2PbS(s) +3O2(g) ∆ 2PbO (s) + 2SO2(g)

lead(II) + oxygen ∆ lead(II) + sulphur

sulphide oxide dioxide

PbO (s) + C(s) ∆ Pb(s)+ CO(g)

lead(II) carbon ∆ lead + carbon monoxide

oxide

5. In the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the Contact process, illustrate the dissolution of
sulphur trioxide in the catalyst chamber.
Dissolution of sulphur trioxide
Sulphur trioxide is dissolved in 98% concentrated sulphuric acid.
Therefore, sulphur trioxide produced in the catalyst chamber is absorbed in 98% sulphuric
acid to form oleum.
Sulphur + sulphuric oleum
trioxide acid
SO3 + H2SO4(conc) H2S2O7 (or)
H2SO4.SO3
The oleum so formed is mixed with water to obtain the acid of any desired concentration.
oleum +water sulphuric acid
H2SO4.SO3 + H2O 2H2SO4
6. Write the balanced equations (words and symbols) containing in the extraction process
of copper from its ore.

2CuFeS2(s) + 4O2(g)  Cu2S(s) + 3SO2(g) +2FeO(s)

copper pyrites + oxygen  copper (I) sulphide+ sulphur dioxide + iron(II) oxide

Cu2S(s) + O2  2Cu(s) + SO2(g)

copper(I) sulphide + oxygen  copper + sulphur dioxide
Laboratory

1. State the collection methods in the laboratory preparation of nitrogen dioxide and ammonia
gases and give their respective reasons.
Nitrogen dioxide react with water and is heavier than air, the gas is collected by the upward
displacement of air.

17
Mr.Phyo Min Zaw(M.C.Sc) MCK Education Center Chemistry

Ammonia gas is lighter than air and very soluble in water, it is collected by the downward
displacement of air.

2. A gas “G” is obtained by heating copper turning with concentrated sulphuric acid. What is
gas “G”? Write down the equation. The gas “G” is collected by the upward displacement of
air. Why? What would happen if gas “G” is passed into iodine solution? Write down the
equation.
 The gas “G” is sulphur dioxide.

Cu + 2H2SO4(conc) ∆ CuSO4 +2H2O + SO2

Copper + concentrated Copper II + water + sulphur dioxide
sulphuric acid sulphate
Since Sulphur dioxide gas is very soluble in water and is denser than air, it is collected by upward
displacement of air.
Brown iodine solution will be discharged and form hydriodic acid.
SO2 + 2H2O + I2  H2SO4 + 2HI
sulphur + water + iodine  sulphuric + hydriodic acid
dioxide (brown) acid (colourless)
3. A gas “B” is obtained by heating sodium sulphite and dilute sulphuric aicd. What is gas
“B”? Write down the symboled equation only. Label the “A” and “C”. The gas “G” is
collected by the upward displacement of air. Why?

Gas “B” is sulphur dioxide.

Na2SO3 + H2SO4 (dil)  Na2SO4+ H2O + SO2

A= dilute sulphuric acid

C= sodium sulphite

Sulphur dioxide gas is very soluble in water and denser than air, it is collected by upward
displacement of air.

18