Mass Relation Lab

Salin Hatakaroon 6061057

Yarata Kanunghet 6061100
Natchaphak Korkiatphinyo 6061060
Panupong Ussayakhun 6061088

Grade 11 General Chemistry

Mahidol University International Demonstration School
Tuesday, November 27th 2018 8:50 - 9:45

Abstract
 In this lab, we are observing a Synthesis of Copper Hydroxide
Cu(OH). The reactants are CuSO4 . 5H2O + 2NaOH, and the products are
Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + 5H2O. We separated our experiment section into two days.
For the first day, We prepared our first solution which are CuSO4 . 5H2O, we
named it (solution A). Then, we prepared our second solution which are 0.2 Grams
of NaOH dissolved in 25 ML of water(solution B). Lastly, we prepared our last
solution which are 0.6 grams of NaOh dissolved in the same amount of
water(solution C). After we prepared all solution, we synthesized the solutions.
First we mixed solution A with Solution B and filtered it. Then we weight the filter
paper and the solution. We rinse the solid with distilled paper and ethanol. We
removed filter paper and dry it in the oven and repeat the step again with the
remaining solution. For day 2, we take all solution out and calculate mass the
solution again. The last step is calculating percent yield.
Introduction
Copper II hydroxide is a compound with the chemical formula of
Cu(OH)2
The compound is consist of mixture of copper carbonate and hydroxide
H20 or water molecules is consist of 2 atoms of hydrogen bond with single
atom of oxygen. H20 can be any states liquid,solid or gas.
Na2SO4 or sodium sulfate are salt with sulfuric acid and sometimes there
will be some molecules of water in it.
CuSO4 is a salt of copper used as an antidote for poisoning by
phosphorus. It can prevent growth of algae

Filtration, the process that separated the solid substance form liquid or fluid
solution. The fluid solution will transfer through filter paper and funnel pass along
to the beaker under it. The solid product will remain over the filter paper. Some of
other media such as electricity and light can also be filtered too,.

Filter paper can separated to many grade and it grade is the factor that limit
it qualities. It usually use in scientific experiment. It main purpose is to use in
filtration process. It allow fluid solution to pass through and filter the solid
particles.
Materials

Glasswares
1. 100 mL beaker
2. Stirring rod
3. 50 mL graduated cylinder
4. Funnel
5. Watch glass

Materials
1. Filter paper
2. Weighing paper
3. Ring stand and clamp
4. Spatula
5. Oven

Chemicals
1. Ethanol
2. Distilled water
3. CuSO4 solution
4. NaOH solution

Methods
 1. Prepare solutions
Solution A - preparation of CuSo4 solution
- Weight 2.5 g CuSo4 dissolve in 50 mL of water in 100 mL beaker
- Stir for 2-3 mins

Solution B - preparation of NaOH solution

- Weight 0.2 g of NaOH dissolve in 25 mL of water
- Stir for 2-3 mins

Solution C - preparation of NaOH solution

- Weight 0.6 g of NaOH dissolve in 25 mL of water in 100 mL beaker
- Stir well by using stirring rod for 2-3 mins.

Methods of Cu(OH)2
(Day1)
1. Mix 25 mL of solution A with 25 mL of solution B
2. Stir for 2-3 mins
3. Weight filter paper and record on the data table
4. Separate the solid product by process of filtrationing
5. Rinse the solid product (the rest of product left on beaker) with 10 mL of distilled water
6. Clean the filtered solid residue with distilled water for 2 times to remove Na2SO4 salt
7. 
Clean the filtered solid residue again with 10 mL of ethanol to remove water
8. Carefully remove filter paper with filtered solid residue to watch glass
9. Dry it overnight in the oven.
10. Repeat step 1-9 by using 25 mL of NaOH solution by using Solution C instead of
Solution B.
(Day 2)
11. Weight mass of filter paper and solid product
12. Calculate the % yield of the reaction
Flow chart
Results
 When we pour the solution A+B and solution A+C on each filtering paper, then….

Reaction Observation Weight of Weight of solid Solid product observation

solution (chemical/physical) filter product(g) (chemical/physical)
paper(g)

-Color of the solution is The liquid dried to be solid

light blue. 1.07g and the color is the same as
-Liquid part has low before putting in the oven.
SOLUTION concentration.
A+B 0.64g

-Color of the solution is There are some solid and the

dark blue. 1.22g color is a little bit darker.
-The liquid part has high
concentration.

SOLUTION
A+C 0.65g

When we pour the Ethanal on the filtering paper, we observe that is cold. After both of the
solutions are put in the oven, they dry and liquid turn to be solid.
Discussion

1. Why the color of filtrate (solution in the beaker during the filtration) of
 both reactions are different?

- It caused by the amount of solution that we used. Solution A has more color and Solution
B is colorless.It created the limiting and excess reactants so that affected to the color of
the filtrate.

2. Identify the limiting and excess reagent of each reaction (Explain and

show your work)

- CuSO₄.5H2O + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)₂ + Na₂So₄ +5H2O

- CuSO₄ → Cu(OH)₂ 2NaOH → Cu(OH)₂

Mol =1.25/249.68 Mol = 0.2/39.997

= 5.006 *10³ = 5 mol

Ratio = 1:1 Ratio = 2:1

= 5.006 *10³ : 5.006 *10³ = 5 : 2.5

Grams = 5.006 *10³(97.57) Grams = 2.5(97.57)

= 0.4884g = 0.2440 g

- CuSO₄ → Cu(OH)₂ 2NaOH → Cu(OH)₂

Mol =1.25/249.68 Mol = 0.6/39.997

= 5.006 *10³ = 5 mol

Ratio = 1:1 Ratio = 2:1

= 5.006 *10³ : 5.006 *10³ = 5 : 2.5

Grams = 5.006 *10³(97.57) Grams = 7.5*10³(97.57)

= 0.4884g = 0.7317 g

3. Calculate the theoretical and percent yield of each reaction (Explain and

show your work)

Formula to find the percent yield : % Yield = Actual Yield x 100%
Theoretical Yield
 A+B= Percent Yield = 1.07 x 100%
0.2440

= 438.52 %

A+C= Percent Yield = 1.22 x 100%

0.4884

= 249.79 %

4. Give explanation why you get % yield more or less than 100%

- Because in the experiment there are many reactions happen ,and it can cause to lower the
percentage of yield. By the way, the factor that can be the reason that percent yield get
more than 100 percent is pure of the product and reactant or even the equipment. By the
purities, it can raise the mass of the product.
Suggestion/ Error

In the experiment, there are many errors and mistakes that had occured. Theses
inaccuracy caused shifts in the results. The first error is the weighting error. The electric scale for
weighing is extremely sensitive. When there is a force pressing on the desk that has the electric
scale, it affected the weight of the solution on the scale. Also, the wind from the air conditioner
could affect the accuracy of the scale.
The second error was found in filtration process. In the process of filtration when the
solid product was separated. The solid product stuck at the bottom of the funnel, and it caused
the process to be delayed. Moreover, some of the solution were overflow, it didn’t passed
through the filter paper.
The third error is the accuracy of measurement. The measurements of volume or weight
could be shifted slightly. This is due to the inaccuracy when we eye-balled the measurement.
These errors might be minor, but it still causes inaccuracy.
The fourth error occured because of the marker. We use marker pens to keep track of the
filter paper. Although, the marker dissolves and combine with the solution. Which may cause
some small errors in the result as well as the colour of the product.
The last error is the time. We only have 1 hours to do this experiment which hurried us.
We might have done small errors during rush times. And there might be several errors that
occured but we didn’t noticed.

For the suggestion, carefully clean the equipment and materials to verify the purity of the
reactant. So, it would decreases the rate of error in calculating the percent yield. When use the
electric scale be careful on the stuff around the scale, although it might cause the weight of the
filter paper or the reactants to be change. Always, mark the filter paper so that it will remind
which is the solution you want (be aware of ink in the marker) and remeasure because the mark
also have a weight .Also, manage time that it could possible to be done it the time that been
limited.
Conclusion

As the result, when we mix the solution A and solution B, we can observe that its color
changes from normal blue to be lighter. Moreover, we did mix the solution A and C, so we
observe that the color changes from dark blue to be a little bit darker. Both of these mix solutions
change in not only the colors, but also includes the state of the solution which change from liquid
to solid.
Pictures
 Refere
nces

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c120/yields.html

Science, C. (2016, September 11). Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield. Retrieved from
https://www.ck12.org/chemistry/theoretical-yield-and-percent-yield/lesson/Theoretical-Yield-
and-Percent-Yield-CHEM/

Copper Hydroxide. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/copper-hydroxide
Work log

Date Process

27/11/18 Experiment Day 1 (Lab)

28/11/18 Experiment Day 2 ( Lab)

30/11/18 Non - processing on Suggestion and error.

Yun -Working on abstract
Mook - the method
Ming - Work on flow chart

6/12/18 Non - Calculate and working on discussion.

Yun - continue working on abstract
Mook - methods and results
Ming - Works on editing Suggestion and error.

7/12/18 Non - Converting references to APA format.

Yun - checked all the data and results
Mook - results
Ming - Check the layouts any information.

10/12/18 Non - Completing on discussion, fixed

suggestion/error
Yun - complete an abstract
Mook - conclusion
Ming - Fill in anything left of the project.