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UG Physics PDF
UG Physics PDF
(Sem I)
Unit I
Frames of Reference- Frame of Reference, Inertial Frames of Reference, Non Inertial Frames and Fictitious Force,
Centrifugal Force, Rotating Frame of Reference. Dynamics of particle in rectilinear and circular
motion
Conservation of Energy – Conservation of Laws, Work Energy Theorem, Conservative Forces, Linear Restoring Force,
Non-Conservative Forces, Motion under Friction, Inclined Plane, Motion in a Vertical
Circle.
Linear And Angular Momentum- Conservation of Linear Momentum, Center of Mass, Collision in 2D , Impact, Angular
Momentum And Torque.
Unit II
Potential and Fields- Central forces , Inverse Square-Law force, Gravitational Field and Potential, Equipotential Surface,
Velocity of Escape, Satellite in Circular Orbit, Gravitational field and Potential due to a thin Spherical Shell, Potential and
Field due to a Solid Sphere, Kepler’s Laws, Newton’s Deduction from Kepler’s
Laws
Harmonic Oscillator- Differential equation of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) and its solution, Energy of Harmonic
Oscillator(HO), Examples of HO.
Unit III
Composition of Two SHMs, Lissajous Figures.
Damped and Forced Harmonic Oscillator- Damping Force, Damped Harmonic Oscillator, Driven or Forced harmonic
oscillator, Sharpness of Resonance, Velocity and Amplitude Resonance.
Wave Motion- Differential Equation of Wave Motion, Plane Progressive Harmonic Waves in fluid media, Principle of
superposition, Energy density of Plane Progressive wave, Particle and Wave Velocity, Longitudinal waves in Gases-
Pressure variations for plane waves, Waves in Linear bounded medium, Stationary wave solution, Flow of Energy in
Stationary Waves
Unit IV
Dynamics of Rigid Bodies- Equation of Motion for a Rotating Rigid Body, Angular Momentum and Moment of Inertia,
Inertia Tensor, Theorems on Moment of Inertia, Calculation of Moment of inertia of Bodies of Different Shapes, Kinetic
Energy of Rotating Body
Elasticity- Stress, Strain, Hooks’ Law, Young’s Modulus , Bulk Modulus and Modulus of Rigidity or Shear modulus ,
Poisson’s Ratio, Relation Connecting Various Elastic constants, Angle of Twist and Angle of Shear, Twisting Couple on a
Cylindrical Rod or Wire, Bending of Beams, Bending Moment, Beam supported at is ends and Loaded in the Middle.
Books Recommended
1. Physics I–Resnick & Halliday (J. Wiley and Sons (SEA) PTE Ltd.
2. Mechanics – D.S. Mathur (S.Chand and Company Ltd.)
3. Elements of mechanics – J. C. Upadhyay (S.Chand and Company Ltd)
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Unit I
Growth and Decay of Currents Through Inductive Resistance,Charging and Discharging in RC and L.C.R. Circuit, Time
Constant
Measurement of High Resistance, A.C. bridges, Maxwell’s and Scheringe’s Bridges, Wien Bridge.
Unit II
Semiconductors, Intrinsic and Extrinsic, n-type, p-type Semiconductors
Unbiased Diodes,Diode as a rectifier, Forward Reversed Biased Diodes, Diode Characteristics, Zener Diode, Avalanche
and Zener Breakdown, power supplies: Rectifier, bridge rectifier, capacitor input Filter, voltage regulator, Zener
regulator.
Bipolar Transistors, Three Doped Regions- Forward and Reverse Bias, D.C. alpha, D.C. beta, Transistor
Curves.
Unit III
Transistor Biasing Circuits, Emitter Bias, Base bias, Voltage Divider Bias, D.C. load line
Basic AC Equivalent Circuits, Low frequency model, small signal amplifiers, Common Emitter Amplifier, common
collector amplifier, common base amplifier Current and Voltage Gain, RC coupled amplifier-qualitative treatment only.
Frequency response, input and output impedances, Feedback
Principles
Unit IV
Transistor as an Oscillator-General Discussion and Theory of Hartely Oscillator
Elements of Transmission and Reception, Basic Principles of Amplitude Modulation
and Demodulation
Principle and Design of Linear Millimeters and Their Application, Cathode Ray
Oscillograph and its Simple Applications
Recommended Books –
(Sem II)
Unit I
Condition for Observing Interference, Visibility of Fringes, Production of Coherent Sources , Temporal and Spatial
Coherence Production Interference Fringes and Determination of Wavelength,
Biprism
Production of Achromatic Fringes, Colour of Thin films, Newton Rings.
Multiple Reflection, Fabry Perot Interferometer and LG plate, Filter.
Unit II
Fresnel’s’ diffraction, Fresnel’s’ zones and propagation of light, zone plate, Fresnel’s diffraction at edge and narrow wire.
Fraunhofer diffraction at multiple slits, limiting cases- single and double
slits.
Unit III
Polarization, Double Refraction in Uniaxial Crystals, Huygens Theory of Double
Refraction.
Nicole Prism, Polaroids and Retardation Plates, Half and Quarter Wave Plates , Production and Detection of Elliptically
Polarisied Light.
Optical Activity, Fresnel’s Theory of Optical Rotation, Matrix Representation of Plane Polarized Waves, Matrices of
Polarizer Retardation and Rotation . Application to Simple Systems, Light
Sources.
Unit IV
Resolving power-criterion, expressions for resolving powers of telescope, grating.
Optical instruments- Spectrometer, Michelson Interferometer, Sextant, Babinets compensator, Half Shade and Biquartz,
Polarimeter.
Recommended Books –
1. Fundamentals of Optics-A.Jenkins and H.E.White (Mc Graw Hill International Book Company)
2. A Text Book of Optics –Brij Lal and Subramanyam (S.Chand and Company Ltd.)
(Sem. III)
Unit-I (Electrostatics)
Coulombs Law, Electric Field and Potential, Field due to Uniformly Charged Sphere, Poisson and Laplace Equation,
Gauss law and its application: The field of a conductor, Electric Dipole, Field and Potential due to Electric Dipole, Dipole
Approximation for an arbitrary charge distribution, Electric Quadrupole, Field due to Electric Quadrupole, Electrostatic
Energy of a uniformly charged sphere, Energy of a condenser.
Unit-II (Magnetostatics)
Magnetic Field, Magnetic Force of a current, Magnetic Induction, Biot-Savart Law, Lorentz force, Vector and Scalar
Magnetic Potential, Magnetic Dipole, Magnetomotive Force, Ampere’s Circuital Theorem and its applications: magnetic
field due to a wire carrying current and solenoid.
Books recommended
(P302)List of experiments
(Sem. IV)
Unit-I
Thermal equilibrium, Zeros law of Thermodynamics, Temperature concept, Equation of State, Vander wall’s Equation,
Critical Constants, Principle of corresponding States
Unit-II
First law of thermodynamics, Absolute scale of temperature, Entropy, Degradation of Energy, Enthalpy, Helmholtz
function, Gibb’s function, Maxwell’s Thermodynamic relations and their applications.
Unit-III
Differential and Integral Joule Thomson Effect, Inversion Temperature, Liquification of gases (no experimental details),
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Unit-IV
Kinetic Theory, Maxwell-Boltzmann Law, Equipartition of energy, mean free path, Transport phenomenon, Brownian
motion, Avagadro number, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Temperature, Black Body radiation, Stefan Boltzmann law,
Planck’s law and its verification
Books Recommended
(Sem. IV)
Unit-I
Inadequacies of Quantum Mechanics, Photoelectric Phenomenon, Compton effect, Wave particle Duality, de broglie
matter wave and their experimental determination, Heisenberg’s uncertainty Principle, Complementary principle, Principle
of superposition, motion of wave packets.
Unit-II
Schrödinger wave equation, Interpretation of wave function, expectation values of dynamic variables, Ehrenfest
theorem,orthonormal properties of wave function, one dimensional motion in step potential, rectangular barrier, Square
well potential, particle in a box, normalization.
Unit-III
Bohr atomic model, Sommerfeld Elliptic orbits, Spin and orbital magnetic moments, Stern Gerlach experiment, Pauli’s
exclusion Principle and periodic table, Optical Spectra of Alkali and Alkaline earth elements, Fine structure of Spectral
lines, Coupling Schemes(LS and JJ) for two electron systems.
Unit-IV
Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect and Paschen Back Effect of one Electron Systems, Experimental Observations,
X-ray Spectra- continuous and characteristic, their generation and uses, Spin and Screening Doublets.
Books Recommended
(Sem.V)
Reflection Coefficients,
Diodes,Diffusion of minority carrier in semiconductor, work function in metals and semiconductors, junction between
metals and semiconductors, semiconductor and semiconductor, p-n junction, depletion layer , junction potential, width of
depletion layer, field and capacitance of depletion layer, forward ac and dc resistance of junction, reverse breakdown.
Unit-II (diodes)
Zener and Avalanche diode, tunnel diode, point contact diode, their importance at high frequencies, LED, Photodiodes,
Effect of temperature on junction diode thermistors.
(Transistors)Transistor parameters, Base width modulation, transit time and life time of minority carriers, base and emitter
resistance, collector conductance, base spreading resistance, diffusion capacitance, reverse feedback ratio, Equivalent
Circuit for Transistors, Basic model, Hybrid Model and Y-parameter equivalent circuit, input and output impedances.
Unit-III
Current and voltage gain, biasing formula for transistors, base bias, emitter bias and mixed type bias, biasing for small and
large signal operation.Transistor circuit, application at low frequencies, their ac and dc equivalent for three different modes
of operation, large signal operation of transistor, heat sink, thermal resistance, distortion in amplifiers, cascading of stage,
frequency response, negative and positive feedback in transistor amplifier.
Unit-IV
FET, characteristics, biasing of FET, use in preamplifiers, MOSFET and their uses. Power Supplies- Electronically
regulated low and high voltage power supplies, invertors for battery operated equipments.
Miscellaneous basic linear integrated circuits, photo transistors, silicon controlled rectifiers, UJT and their simple uses.
Books Recommended
mono-atomic lattice.
(Sem. VI)
Books Recommended
Nuclear Model
Liquid Drop Model and Bieth-Weizacher mass formula, Single Particle Shell model
Unit II
Nuclear Force
Saturation phenomenon and exchange force, Deutron ground State properties.
Natural Radioactivity
Fundamental laws of radioactivity, Soddy-Fajan’s Displacement law of radioactive disintegration, basic idea about α, β
and γ decay.
Unit IV
Accelerators and detectors
Vande Graff Cyclotron, Synchrotron, Interaction of charged particles and Gamma Rays with Matter, G M Counter,
Scintillation Counter and Neutron Detectors
Books Recommended