Pump classification

❖Hydrodynamic (or) non-positive

displacement pumps

❖ Hydrostatic (or) positive

displacement pumps
HYDRODYNAMIC PUMPS
❖Carries fluid from one location to another, relatively
at low pressure (17-21 bar).
❖Generally used for low pressure, high-volume, flow
applications.
❖These pumps are not self-priming, as there is a great
deal of clearance between the rotating and
stationary elements.
❖Cannot create enough vacuum at its inlet, hence
discharge rate is low.
❖Examples…..
a) Centrifugal pumps
b) Axial flow propeller pump.
❖ These pumps are called as non-positive
displacement pumps.
Hydrostatic pumps
❖Hydrostatic pumps uses fluid pressure to transmit
power.
❖These pumps have very close-fitting mating
components and hence a very small amount of
leakage could occur.
❖These pumps may be either…..
a) Fixed displacement
b) Variable displacement
❖ These pumps requires protection against over
pressure if the resistance to flow becomes very
large or infinite, so pressure relief valve is
provided.
❖ It is also called as positive displacement pumps.
CLASSIFICATION OF PDP

GEAR VANE
PUMPS PUMPS

PISTON
PUMPS
EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
APPLICATION

Common external gear pump applications

include, but are not limited to:
❖Various fuel oils and lube oils
❖Chemical additive and polymer metering
❖Chemical mixing and blending (double pump)
❖Industrial and mobile hydraulic applications
(log splitters, lifts, etc.)
❖Acids and caustic (stainless steel or
composite construction)
❖Low volume transfer or application
INTERNAL GEAR PUMP
APPLICATION
Common internal gear pump applications include, but
are not limited to:
❖All varieties of fuel oil and lube oil
❖Resins and Polymers
❖Alcohols and solvents
❖Asphalt, Bitumen, and Tar
❖Polyurethane foam (Isocyanate and polyol)
❖Food products such as corn syrup, chocolate, and
peanut butter
❖Paint, inks, and pigments
❖Soaps and surfactants
❖Glycol
LOBE PUMP
APPLICATION

Common rotary lobe pump applications

include, but are not limited to:
❖Polymers
❖Paper coatings
❖Soaps and surfactants
❖Paints and dyes
❖Rubber and adhesives
❖Pharmaceuticals
❖Food applications
GEROTOR PUMP
SCREW PUMP
APPLICATIONS OF PDP

PD pumps are found in a wide range of application

❖chemical-processing
❖liquid delivery
❖marine
❖biotechnology
❖ pharmaceutical
❖as well as food, dairy, and beverage processing.
❖Their versatility and popularity is due in part to
their relatively compact design, high-viscosity
performance, continuous flow regardless of
differential pressure, and ability to handle high
differential pressure.
VANE PUMPS
APPLICATION

❖Aerosol and Propellants

❖Aviation Service - Fuel Transfer, Deicing
❖Auto Industry - Fuels, Lubes,
❖Refrigeration Coolants
❖Bulk Transfer of LPG and NH3
❖LPG Cylinder Filling
❖Alcohols
❖Refrigeration - Freons, Ammonia
❖Solvents
❖Aqueous solutions
AXIAL PISTON PUMP
RADIAL PISTON PUMP
Centrifugal pump
Submersible pump
CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMPS
NON-POSITIVE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT PUMPS PUMPS

provide a smooth, continuous flow pulse with each stroke or each time
a pumping chamber opens to an
outlet port.

Pressure can reduce a non positive In a positive-displacement pump,

pump's delivery. High outlet pressure affects the output only to
pressure can stop any output; the the extent that it increases internal
liquid simply recirculates inside the leakage
pump

It is not self priming It is a self-priming

PERFORMANCE OF PUMP
❑ Pumps are usually rated according to their volumetric output
and pressure.
❑ Volumetric output (delivery rate or capacity) is the amount of
liquid that a pump can deliver at its outlet port per unit of time
at a given drive speed, usually expressed in GPM or cubic
inches per minute.
❑ Pumps are sometimes rated according to displacement, that is
the amount of liquid that they can deliver per cycle or cubic
inches per revolution.
❑ As pressure increases, volumetric output decreases.
❑ This drop in output is caused by an increase in internal leakage
(slippage) from a pump's outlet side to its inlet side
❑ Slippage is a measure of a pump's efficiency and usually is
expressed in percent.
PUMP EFFICIENCIES
Volumetric Efficiency:
η = Actual flow rate = Qa
Theoretical flow rate Qt
Gear pumps = 80-90 %
Vane pumps = 82-92 %
Piston pumps = 90-98 %
Mechanical Efficiency:
η = Output power = Po
Input power Pi
Mechanical efficiency varies from 90 to 95 %
Overall Efficiency:
η = Actual power delivered by the pump = Hydraulic power
Actual power delivered to the pump Brake power
REFFRENCE
1. WWW.PUMPSSCHOOL.COM
2. APPLIED HYDRAULICS AND
PNEUMATICS By T.Sunder Selwyn,
R.Jayendiran
3. www.authorstreem.com.