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1.1 Explain pneumatic system
A. Where do you found the pneumatic system/control ?
B. What is the purpose of pneumatic system you found in A. ?
C. How the system/thing in A. working/operated ?
Advantages and Disadvantages

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Advantages.
Availability
– Air is available practically everywhere in unlimited quantities.
Transport
– Air can be easily transported in pipelines, even over large distances.
Storage
– Compressed air can be stored in a reservoir and removed as required.In
addition, the reservoir can be transportable.
Temperature
– Compressed air is relatively insensitive to temperature fluctuations. This
ensures reliable operation, even under extreme conditions.
Explosion proof
– Compressed air offers no risk of explosion or fire.
Advantages..
Cleanliness
– Unlubricated exhaust air is clean. Any unlubricated air which
escapes through leaking pipes or components does not cause
contamination.
Components
– The operating components are of simple construction and
therefore relatively inexpensive.
Speed
– Compressed air is a very fast working medium. This enables
high working speeds to be attained.
Overload safe
– Pneumatic tools and operating components can be loaded to
the point of stopping and are therefore overload safe.
DisAdvantages.
Preparation
– Compressed air requires good preparation. Dirt and condensate should
not be present.
Compression
– It is not always possible to achieve uniform and constant piston speeds
with compressed air.
Force requirement
– Compressed air is economical only up to a certain force requirement.
Under the normal working pressure of 600 to 700 kPa (6 to 7 bar) and
dependent on the travel and speed, the output limit is between 40000
and 50000 Newtons.
Noise level
– The exhaust air is loud. This problem has now, however been largely
solved due to the development of sound absorption material and
silencers.
Structure and Signal Flow
ISO Standard Symbol
http://hydraulicspneumatics.com/other-technologies/chapter-4-
iso-symbols-and-glossary-part-1
 1.2 Air Generation System And Air Distribution System

The rotary group

A piston of compressors
compresses use rotating
the air drawn elements to
in via an inlet compress and
valve. The air increase the
is passed on pressure of the
via an outlet air. During the
valve. compression
process, the
compression
chamber is
continually
reduced.
One level piston
Two level piston
diaphragm compressor
http://www.compair.com/products/compressor_training_animati
ons.aspx
The compressor chamber is separated from the piston by a
diaphragm.
The advantage of this is that no oil can enter into the air flow
from the compressor.
The diaphragm compressor is therefore used where oil is to be
excluded from the air supply, for example in the food,
pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Slide Ram Compressor
Screw compressor
http://
www.compair.com/products/compressor_training_animations
.aspx
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQd-BTxNQHU
 Air Compressor System

2. Electric 10. Line filter

Motor
1.
Compressor 3. Pressure
Switch6. Pressure Gauge

9. Refrigerated Air Dryer

4. Check 7. Auto drain
valve
5. Tank
8. Safety valve
Air dehydration
Continuous cooler
i. Air cool
ii. Water cool
Air dryer
i. Absorbance drying
ii. Adsorption drying
iii. Coolant drying
iv. Main line filter
Air cool
Water cool
Absorbance drying
Medium – dehydrated chalk,
magnesium chloride, lithium
chloride
Medium will change to liquid after
absorb moisture
Chemical high corrosive-must filter
Simple installation of the equipment
Low mechanical wear because there
are no moving parts in the dryer
No external energy requirements
High operating cost
Need replace the medium/agent
Adsorption drying
Silica or activated alumina
The lowest dew point -90°C
Coolant/refrigerated drying
Very common
Heat exchanger - set air to dew point – air will condense
Cooling unit cooled the air 2°C-5°C
Main line filter
Air treatment
Caused by
• Allergen
• Oil
• Moisture

Problem
• wear the moving parts and seal
• Leakage
• Contaminated in food, pharmaceutical, chemical industry
filter
Standard filter
Micro filter
Sub-micro filter
Standard filter
Micro filter
The air flows from the
inlet to the center of the
filter cartridge then outwards
through the outlet.
Sub-micro filter
A sub-micro filter will remove virtually all oil and water and also line
particles down to 0.01 of a micron,
Provide maximum protection for pneumatic precision measuring
devices, electrostatic spray painting, cleaning and drying of
electronic assemblies etc
the principle of operation is the same as a micro filter, but its filter
element as additional layers with a higher filtration efficiency
Pressure regulator
To provide constant air pressure
Filter-regulator unit
Air filtering and pressure regulation is combined in the
Single filter regulator to provide a compact space saving unit
Air lubricator
For power components
Cases
- Extremely rapid oscillating motions
- Cylinder large diameter
Filter-regulator-lubricant unit (frl)/air
service unit